IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) % 1.0 I.I 1^ 1^ 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 -* 6" — ► y <^ >^ m ^ 7 '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 A^ ^ ^s - Q' CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICIVtH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D G D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur Covers damaged,^ Couverture endommagde a n n D Couverture restaurde et/ou pellicul^e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restdurd« Cover title missing/ Le titre de couveri .re manque FT] Coloured maps/ Cartes g^ographiques en coulaur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relii avac d'autres documentiS Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re tiure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge intdrieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6ti filmies. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppldmentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a ati possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la m^thode normale de filmage sont indiqu^s ci-dessous. □ Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur r~] Pages damaged/ n v/ n Pages endommag^es Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdes et/ou pellicul^es Pages discolourea. stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolordes, tacheties ou piquees [~~] Pages detached/ Pages d^tachees Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of prir Qualite indgale de I'impression ludes supplementary materii nprend du nrat^riel supplementaire ly edition available/ Seule Edition disponible f~~| Showthrough/ r~n Quality of print varies/ □ Includes supplementary material/ Cc r~1 Only edition available/ Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalerr^ent ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc.. cnt iti film^es d nouveau de facon a obtenir la meilleure image possible. ■ This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiquA ci-dessou). 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X L.' JH^BM y i 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grAce A la g6n6rosit6 de: La biblio*thdque des Archives publiques du Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition end legibility of the original copy aiid in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de I'exempiaire filmd, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or ili'ustrated impression. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim6e sont filmds en commengant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iliustration, soit per le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commenpant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'iliustration et en terminant par la derni^re page qui comporte une telle empreinte. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol -•►(meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, efc, may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be emireiy included in one anposure are filmed beginning in the uppor left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clich6, il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 — ) 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 I GEOLOGICAL SURVEY DEPARTMENT. ALFRED R. C. SELWYN, C.M.G., LL.D., F.R.S., Director. REPORT ON THK SUDBURY MINING DISTRICT To accompany Sheet ISO, Series of Geologically "oloured Maps ofOiiurio. BY ROBERT BELL, B.A.So., M.D., LL.D. 1888-90. OTTAWA: PRINTED BY S. E. DAWSON, PRINTER TO THE QUEEN'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. 1891. ^^ J Ji f / / i Ji To Dr. a. R. C. Helwyn, C.M.G., F.R.S., Etc. SiK, — Herewith I beg to hand you my report on the results of the geological and topographical surveys and investigations in the ►Sudbury mining district, during the past thi'ee seasons, with whicii I had the honour of being entrusted. I have the honour tt> be, Sir, Your obedient servant, ROBERT BELL Geological Survey Office, Ottawa, 20th March, 1891. f I i J i i lA/ - - iMwiniffiii mimmimm* HMMMM REPORT ON THE SUDBURY MINING DISTRICT, 1?Y ROBKRT HKLL, B.A.S. ., M.D., LL.l>. INTRODUCTION. The f.,llowin- report is upon the labours of the last th.-ee seasons in what may, for co.ivenience, be oallea the Su.ll.ury .uinin.^ district. All epitome ..f what has been accoinplishe.l has already been given in the three sunuuary reports of 188f< to 1890, but all the results wdl now be collated in a more complete form. I was assisted in both the topo-raphical and geological work by Mr. A E Barlow M.A., of this de))artment. He was occupied more A^Bistant.. especially in the south-eastern and central parts of the sheet. His topographical surveys are menti.med more particularly further on, and an account of hvs geological observations is given along with my own. Mr A M Campbell, of Perth, also assisted us during the three seasons this work was in progress. M,'. Wm. Skynner was engaged upon it for portions of 18S8 and 1889. and in 1S90 we had ^ ■^^'^'^ ^^ three young gentlemen as students, namely : ^h: T. L. ^^ alker M. A., M,. H H. Walker, B.A.Sc, and Mr. H. d. Skill. To all of these ..entlemen great credit is due for enthusiasm and patient endurance ot the hardships and discmforts incidental to this kind ot work. We are indebted f<.r assista.ue or information in the prosecution ot Acknowledg- our labours to Mr. D. McTavish and Mr. T. B, Ross, of the Hudson s ment of a.d. Bay Company ; to Dr. E. D. Peters, ex-manager of the Canadian Cop- per Ccmipan; ; Messrs. O. Emery and D. McLaren, of \^ahnapit^; T. I . Kennedy, C.E., of Pogamasing ; T. Frood, of Wallace Mine ; J. htobie andC.W.'jessop, ..f Sudbury. J. R. Gordon, of Cr.nghton ; i . L. Snerry, late chemist to the Canadian Copper Company : F. R. A\ • Daw, nianager of the Murray Mine ; J. Ferguson, manager of the Dominion Mine ; A. Merry : W. Cockburn, of Sturgeo.i Falls ; A. McCliarles. of Whitetish ; H. Ranger, of Mattawa, and ..thers. I SllGCt Kx of ('olrmr.s. ('tiiiitii'uin *■ . OiLi-A- ar;/i/liirfou.s and f/rillij xniid.ttorir's n-itli .^hrtli) /tiiiirt.'i/in.sxilih/ /.'iiivrf.'nni/irirjri . /ilrirkish aiUcioii.-i io/ranif bircria 'Xit/i bUir/r sliiti' m sowr /irirtx Hur-oniaii pwiiiji/fix riiji/liii,u:nit/-s. r/rci/warkp'.t, /e/si/es. ■'•'/ra/t Ti/r/ ,/iuirt ) dinnlPA, r/fiij .■ilnfps. infinii.s hnds n'ri./Mallini'.irhisl.t and ramly barui. ^of'dnlomUf ■er/is/o//f,s. Iiuiirotilinii On llifX(Jiih-\vi:'il .s'rie orilw Hunnuan M/ IJifSf nifh.s roti.si.sl ofivd find i/rei/ /inrnMfii'/r r/miiiti' ii/ii>rr N?129 (l^mlxTniffil Surlim Si^^rartimntt. HONOURABLE EDGAR DEWDNEY, MINISTER ALFRED RCSELWYN, CM G,LLD,FRS,Src,DIRECTOR. 811-. I"? ^ 7 — "^ -^l^ —^~7 K- ■■1 ^-J- ^ii-/ ,-/"'■ lie v.^r-^>e< '■< ,-<.' -'r^ ) ^ 1 x^ y . Vi s 1 < r 'j'- .-' wi%. ^ReedorMui/uarikotKtnf/ Lcb ».' r- s H /Ta vawaikigamu Jake. ^Katungitogumaiiatie-K I ^" H ■■. I V "'^-t'^ , 2^Kir iskwatbamife L rV ' ^oasLakeA 03wlmitrril Stt HONOURABLE EDGA ALFRED R C SELWYN, CI I ril SmimiDcpitmintt, (Lmmita. ILE EDGAR DEWDNEY, MINISTER, ELWYN. CM G LL D.,F R S , S-r.DI RECTOR. IJ{:)1 81'' eo'Vs ', KunuhwaVMtagimivlaiie. . \ .' '" C ^"■needorjVis/uiwikoixi'uifiai'e,.., "Mo^anm Isle 'nd. ''•^^- '"" " I I ""t Vif//!67|>' ni 4^ 24 .^ ^ lA ilTTEK nr X?l.'n Irr/ini/ s/rfz/ff • f'trirui/ sfr/fr: GoM ? fh/i/wr m A'uM. /'""■//i/.s in lift riljnyp srrt /ext:/ iirr iiiriikfi/ Hlii.s3S,1 T/i ii.tr 111' III r l.r)/i'v till' iiiiilli/ /'mill l/ini'itti'trir mii/mi/.St whi/r f/io.sr nJoiif/ l/ir llilr.tol' iili/wii/ tin- /'rniii CP/fnl/i\vll/f)ro///fS Ciiinpilnl imi Pnimi hii ■ V Harlow: CInt'l'Drwif/hlsinaii . assuslml hi/. I Kh'arlimM.l miH /.. \ '/Muiiri, H. \pp . Sr Irow ■ Sni J\'!>'rll MJ)J, LlyA.ssi.sliirl Dirrrlnr.niiil .l/-'Mirli>w..y.A ASWHW/.'ronri /.riiir/.s /Jr/mr/iiirii/ ri/ii/ (-'iiliiif/iiiri /'(in/if /i'i,i/i,/ii, (3 /,;//'■ of Si'r!u>n .V .^//v A Mi'iHi Irvrl III' till' sou SOOOf hvlmv si'ii Ifvcl Red ■! i Wl/te-irrtfp/ i r4: H^>. ^"iS ' aas m ,: ..-f i ' r j;gf^ I vOtS^. H ' )!' '^Ts^o'^ki-'*^ W\^-' i-'l. VS'. ^^ JhcUanViJlm/e;-'' / ^/ .. fl> l^ ^^HTnind Lake ^g^- W^n *- / ft rniriJ ,[68 Irimi /.XUtrlianJJlAfip.Sr tioiii Suitm/s iiidi/f hji A.Miinmj.hsq Afis' J'nn iii'ia/ Ori/n/ji.-n , /Xi(j, liiii'iil ((III/ (-(iiiKfliiin /'(('ilir Ndilwiiy -^^^^i^ <- 60 "<^^lSro^ s= MorLliiinr* Co l.illi Olliiw.iOn I,()ii()i(ud(; W(!.s( 81" iVdin (li-cnnvicli 5 5 I ■J J^v ^ ^ ^ i a PlfOVIXCho,. OXTA/f/fl DISTRICTSofALGOMAandNiPISSING. fSiicfburi/ S/wefJ Nil I Sciili'. j>:i •(•■i-o Scftli> -I- ml Ics to out' nirli r. '' ' ^ !^ Nrtfi/ionihli'ni/i^iriiiiiti' ^ ^ =3 ■:? ^ i.M.lt' Si — ,'>'iliii<.\.-'i' '^ ^ i lildi k .-ildUw -i. vT ..ISM:. iL!J.IiiIiUA'..\?-- j \iir/,HAf)/> Sr, Ihwi Snrvfijs imith' biiA.Minmj.E'itf.Ass! hwin'ifii O'po/'J///Wf . /XJfj, Xuiilitm J'an/ic /faihi-ni/ FROVIXd'oiOMMUO. DistrictsofAlgoma and Nipissing, Nal Sf'jilc, 'a-.;i -no S<((li' ■lii'ilc.stf) olir llicll ^ ■■£ St Iti xrlu.ilx,(/lliir(iilirr/i Jliimnuiri ^<. ^J"^ 5: ^ « < 5 5' 5 ^ ? fil" IVoiii (;r(M'H\\i(;h ' roArrowjuun, Par/ /''Ainnu,/ Nr,wr(.Vfil. V. ifiQO.O,: r, F OKOLOfUCAL SURVKY OF CANADA. I'l.if. Wil- liams" (Ics- (lilption (if tlie nx'ks. I'rcif. T. (i. List of kvcls. List (if Li|ii- (^lM|ii-cra liv Miijcir H. ir. LvilKUl. Mat.. Ar( a ami |iosi- tidii ni the distiiet. Surveys here- tofore made. Piofi'ssof (m'oi'ijc If. Williams, nf Johns Hopkins l^iiver.sity, has in;i(it' t'or us a jiairist.ikiiii;- inirn)sc(tj)ifal examination of a collecti(m of roek-spccimeiis from tlu> district, and his de.sci'iptions, whic-ii will l)e ayain reiV'Tcd to, foini .\i>i)en(lix F (.f this rejx.rt. Pi'ofessoi- T. G. lionncy, of London, has also kindly supplied me with some petrogra- jiliieal notes on the district. .Vpjiendi.v 11 consists of a list compiled liy Mi: I'ai'low, showinij;' the levels, aho'e the .sea, at every mile on tiie main lim^ and also on tlie Sault Ste. Mai-ie hi'anch of the Canadian Pacific Railway, which come within the limits of the she(-t. and of the principal streams at their in- tersections hy the railway line : also of the levels of the larger hikes as determined tiy the haidmeter. Our thanks ai'e once more due to .Major H. H. Lyman, of Montreal, who has this winter .ifratuitously determined a collection of Lepidoptera which T iiad made in the country north of Lak(> Huron. He finds it to contain tifty-foiir (.'jI) species, rci)resented by a considerable uumlier of specimens from many localities in the above di.strict. Major Lymam was assisted by Mr. \Vm. H. Edwards, Professor J. K Smith and IJev. (Wn. 1). Hulst. The list of species forms Appendix TTl of this report. A map has been comiiiled and drawn by ^lessi's. Scott Barlow, A. E. Barlow and L. X. Hichai-d on a scale of two miles to the inch, and re- duced under the sujiervision of Mi-. Scott Barlow, for puliliuition, on a scale of four uules to the inch, showiny tlie topography and geology of the area investigated. As the geologic and UKtst of the topographical features of the distiict have lieen as yet .uknown, this maj), which will accomjiany the present report, will be essential for reference in connec- tion with the de.scriptions herein given. Tt constitutes sheet number l.'iOof the general Ontario series and the district which it embraces measures se\-enty-two miles in length from east to west and forty-eight miles in breadth from north to south. Tt thus includes an area of 3,450 s(|uare miles, or 2,L'11,S-I0 acres. The town of Sudbury Junction lies ten miles south-eiist of the (-entre of the above rectangle. Tlie main line of the Canadian Pacific Railway runs north-west across the sheet, emerging near its north-west corner, not far from Pogamasing Lake, and the Sault Ste. Marie i)ranch, lunning south-westward fi'om Sudbury Junction, emerges at the south-west corner in the township of Hallam. Sturgeon River .losses the north-east corner, and the West Bay of Lake Nipissing enters the south-east corner. These geographical positions will enable the reader to form a betti.-r idea of the size and location of the above district. Nearly half the included lands, or 1,.");50 scpiare miles, have l)een laid otl'into townships, which again ha\e been sulxlivided into coiicessiou.s ■•] INTRODUCTION. 7 F ili and lots. These townshij)s me (if the iiuire I'eceiit furin adopted by the Cruv-n Lands Department nf Ontario and measure six miles sijuare, each one comprising si.x concessions, running east and west, and each concession twelve lots. The townships themselves are arranged like s(iuares on a checker-hoard, and as their suhdivisiuns are all alike, both the concessions and the lots carry the same numbers from one to another throughout. All the township Ixiundaries, or town-lines, the concession lines and every second lot lini', called side-lines, are cut out through the woods, and posts, marked with the numbers of the concessions iind lots, are planted at the intersections of the above lines. Each lot, therefore, contains lialf a s([uai'e mile or .Vli) acres. For tlie sakf of greater clearness the numbers of the concessions are always designated l)y lioman numerals and those of the lots by ordinary tigures, both on the map and in this report. In tracing out the rocks, we found the surA-eyors' lines and po.sts of much service in fixing our positions. The railway track atlbrded us a means of getting into the district Want of , , . . . , 1 1 facilities for and a sort ot basis toi' operations, hut scarcely any common roads or g,.,,i„j,ri(,.,a even trails existed* and there are fewer canoe-routes than usual in the tield-work. Laurentian and Huronian regi(ms of Canada, so that it became neces- sary to examine a Lirge portion of the area by forcing our way through the bush, which, in most of the district, is unusually dithcult to traverse. In some sections the surveyors' lines made it easier to penetrate the thick woods, ])ut as these are cut out merely for sighting, the felled trees and brush and the new growths are as apt to encumber the ground and impede one's progress as the standing forest and underbrush. The average general elevatitm of the district is probably between 800 Cieneral oliar- and 1,000 feet above the sea.t The distinct, taken as a whole, may be eon'ntry. described as hilly and rocky, although a tolerably level tract, six miles wide, extends from near WahnapitiV Lake south-westward to Vermilion Lake. Parts of tliis tract are covered by a light coloured fine clayey sand, free frfim lioulders. Some of this land along the line of the rail- Wiiy between Chelmsford and Onaping is being cultivated ; but rocky ridges and boulder-covered sh)pes, alternating with swamps and small lakes, are the rule o\t'r the greater iiortion of the area. In most parts thi' boulders are not only thickly scattered over the uneven rocky sur- Difficnltics (,f face, but are often [liled on top of one another without any finer materials between them. The trees which originally grew between and even on to;) of the boulders have generally been killed by forest tires and their trunks have fallen over them in everv direction. A second exjiloratioiu * A colonization road has lately btfii eonstructed frnni Sudluiry for eleven miles iiorthwfst and three and a half sdiitli-west. t A list nf levels throughout the district is given as an apiiendix. 8 P GEOLOGICAL SIHVI'.Y OF CANADA. growth thicket of small pi'ickly spruces eiitiiii,<,'lc(l witli tou^li yniiitu birches has sprung up anidiig the boulders and resists the explorers' progress like a continuous hedge. This, together with the uncertain footing, (hie to the Ixiuldei's and the network of jirostrate trunks, renders it very dithcult to make one's way tlirouuih tliest- ol)structions. Indeed, it sometimes became impossii)le to do so until we had tii'st clio)>pe(l a passage through them. Last sunnner and autunui were unusually rainy, so that whenever we got clear of the boulders and luunmocky rocks we were obligeil to wade in the watiM'. Surveys. Proiulfi lot's lines. Muiray'H surveys. Surveys l.iy ISell aii.l ' I'.arlow. In addition to the railway and the township surveys, a straight line had been run, in 1S,'v'illifiiiis for the fifcat p.-iins he hcstowcd on this task. >Iis report forms Ajipendix F. Mr. Walter Ferriei- of this Survey has exainiiied inieroseopieally some thin slices of roeksfrom the Sudltury district and has i,dven us the henelit of his studies. Ill tlie field, iiowever, it is impussihh' to make the precise (hstinc- tioiis wliich m.iy lie estahlislied l)y sul)se([uent microscopical study. The most ajipropriate tield names have, therefore, to he adopted, and in the present I'eport tiie.se are often adhei-ed to for l)revity of description. For example, it is fre(|uently ditlicult to distin.i-uish between such rocks as (horites, dialiases, lia.salts, jfahhros, etc., nor, indeed, is it always of practical importance to do so, lUit when we wei-e toleralily certain, from the macroscopic character.s, .if the variety we wer(^ deuliii',' with, we called it, in oui- notes, hy its proper distinctive name : hut where there was room for doul)t, we adopted the j,'eneral term ,ij;reenstone. On this point Professoi' Wi'liains, in his report on The (ireenstone- Schist Areas of the Menominei' and Mariiuette lU'jiions of Michi^'an,* says : " F feel no especial ajxilo^'y is needed for the constant use tin'ou,<;h- out this paper of the term 'ifreenstone." An opinion prevails that this word is antii|inited and not consistent with the .scientific accuracy now obtainable. The \-ery iiHlctinitcness of this designation, howe\er, con- stitutes its chief value. It is essentially a field tei'in, and as it is not, only ^iesirable, but absolutely necessary to employ. It is often impos- sible to state with certainty in the tield whether a j;iven basic massive rock is a i,'ai)bro, a diabase or a diorite ; indeed, where such masses lia\c undergone extensive inetamorphism, as in the 'eiiions here studied, even the most careful niici-oscopical and chemical investig.ititm may prove inadeipiate to disclose what was the oriirinal form."' Similarly it is im])ossible to yive at si,<,dit the refined litholoiiical name for every variety of ivck of the ,i,n'H]ntoid class, but the best teiin for all practical purposes had to be adopted in each case in the tield. Oranitoid rocks, consisting- of (|uart/,, orthoclase, pla<,doclase, horn- blende or chlorite and sometimes a little mica, to,a;ether with a variety of accessory minerals, were amonjj; the connnonest we had to deal with. The (|uart/ was ifenerally one of the most aliundant constituents, and the I'ock would then be called a granite, liut sometimes it was in small (luantity, or it might be scarcely ayiiiarent without the aid of the microscope, when it was termed syenite, oi' if tine grained micropegmatite. Again, the ,crm greywacke may lie applied to certain varieties of arkose, argillaceous or felsjiathic sandstone, volcanic mud or ash, graiutic deljris, etc. Tt is often [)Vi/zliiiu- to discriminate betwe«'n the nunterous varieties of green schists and other crystalline rocks, so Biilli'tin iif tjii' riiitfil Stiitcs" (JiMilogical Survey, No. iVJ, IS'.lll. 1^ ^•1 «;i:i>r,(i(:v. II V n that in tlic tidil, liai'd iiml fast lines ciinnot l>v diuvvn in i'»'t'"ifnct' to niiuies for many ot' tiic na'ks wliicli wc liad to deal witli in this distrin, The tci'in "massive' was eiiijiloyt'd in oui- tifld-lidolss and it will Mii-isivirock«. als.i 1)0 used in tiiis report, not (»iily in eonneetion with cTystailine rocks, suL-h as ^'reenstone and irranite, l)ut also in re^jard to any solid or heavily Ix'dded rock in which the stratification was taint or which showed neithei- clea\ai,'e nor lines of (h\ ision ajon:;' the heddinj^. The rocks of the disti'ict represented l»y the map may, t'or tlie pre- sent, he divided into thi-ee irronps, in the followim,' asiendinii order : divisions nf (1.) Affneissand hoi'nl)lende-ifraniteseries- Lamcntian. {'!.) A series " ""^ ^■■*" coniprisini;- (juai-tzites, massive ijreywackes, often holding roun(le(l and aii,i,'ular fra<,nnents, slaty irreywackes witli and witiiout iiu'hided fra,i,'- ments, drab and dark i^rey ari,'illites and day-slates, dioritic. horn- hlendic, sericitic, felsitic, micaceous and other schists, and occasionally dolomites, to;;ether with larye included masses or art^'as of pyritiferous •it'eenstones. Tins i,'roup constitutes the ordinary lluronian of the district, (.'i.) A division consistins,' of a thick liand of dark-coloured silicious volcanic lireccia and hlack slate (generally coai'se), o\erlaid by drab and dark ^'rey ir^illaceou.-; and nearly black i^ritty sandstones and shaly bands. The breccia is underlaid in places liy (|uartzite eon- glomei'ate. (4.) In addition to these, dykes of diabase and i;al>liro cut through all the forefjioinj; and are therefore newci- tlian any of them, althouijth they may not belonif toa later yeoloijical period. The ,iieoi,fi'aphi- cal distribution of these ditl'ei'ent divisions, their characters, titeir rela- tions to each other and various facts in regard to them will be given further on. The rectangle covered by tlie sheet is traversed from south-west to Distrilmtiun north-east by a belt of Huronian rocks of the abo\e character (:J), "^ ^'"' ™'^''^'*- tiankefl on the south-east side liy gneiss, and on the north-west by a mixture of gneiss and horntilende-granite. The gneiss of the south- east corner of the slieet is of the I'haracteristic Laureutian type, and in the northern and north-western j)arts tiiere is a good deal of similar rock, but associated with it and Ixirdering the Huronian belt on its north-west side, there is a large (le\elo)>nient of reddish hornblende- granite and (piart/.-syenite, which are not always characteristic of the l^auivntian system. lUit these I'ocks pass into the gneisses and are so mingled with tliein on both a large and small scale that it i)tH'omes impossible to make a separation, and we ha\e been obliged to indicate them all i)y one colour on the map. Tn the central part of the sheet there is a distinct l)asin of less A di.stinct alterel->'f HiUMiiiaii or iM)-.sil,ly !(.w<-r('iiinlniiin. As will l.c scni l.y tin- iiiiip, this wcll-.l.-ti I liiisiii (•(iMstitiitcs im iinpnrtiiiit tVjitmc in tli.- ,L;tM.loj,'y lit' the district. To the sdutii-eiist nf it.or in tlieii.iddle nf the lu'lt of uldei' I liimiiiiUi Turks, a toiiiiue of j^iieiss and hi)rnl.leiule-j,'miiite runs parallel with this truiiyh, a sliyhtly yreater distance each way. or a total lenjjth of thirty-nine miles, with a hreadth of two to three miles. Foi' the greater part of this distance it is sejiarated fn.m the newer ha.sin l)y a l>elt of (|iiai't/ites, j,m"ywacke.s, felsitic and hornhlendic schists. It is joined l.y a narrow iiei-k, in the town.ship of Trill, to the «reat l.ody AsHond IhU <'f hornhlende-ranile to the north-west. On the south-east side of (if ^'ii.'issaii.l tliis tongue, and almost separated from it by a hand of dial.ase, is a ^''"""''" second and i-arallel l.elt of similar ^Mieiss and horni)h-nde-u;ranite ex- tending; from the township of Denison into lUezard, a distance of ciiihteen miles, with a l.rcadth of a mile and ahalf. As a rule, tlie oncisses and hoinblende-t;raiiites of l.oth these belts are finer -rained or U'ss thorou'.'hly crystaUine and more (hirkly cohaired than thos:- of tlie uivat area lyin.u- to the north-west of them. In addition to these two almost detached l)elts of ^neissic and -franitic rocks, there is a small isolated inlier of red iK.rnlilende-u'ranite on the west side of Out- let 15ay. Lidvc Wahnapitic, and one of uneiss in the tourth concession of Denis.in. Part (if th.- Our second or Huronian ilivision of this district forms part of the ttreat Huidii- y.,,,.;,j j,^,1j ,,j.' f]„.>„. ^.^,^.\^^ extendin.f from Lakes Huperior and Huron nearly to Lake Mistassini. In the c.-ntral part of the sheet it is very much contracted, beini; only from ten to twelve miles wide, including' the two inlying belts of .yneiss and Loi'iiblende-yranite, but its geo- ,-;raphical breadth increases rapidly both to the south-west and north- east. Its north-west Ixiundary or line of contact with the ^reat horn- bleiule-yranitearea to the northward, ingoing north-east, crosses Spanish Kiver in the south-western jtart of the sheet, four miles above the great south-western bend of this stream in the township of Shakespeare, and after throwing oti', in the township of Trill, the h.ng tongue already de- scribed it continues north-eastward to the west shore of Lake \N ahna- pit;e. having the basin of newer rocks(3) on its sou th-eastern side nearly the whole way. From the west side of Lake Wahnapita', the boundary turns north-west, crosses the Vermilion Kiver and then both of Proud- foots lines a short distance west of their point of intersection. The Laurentian area thus forms ;i promontory, tlie eastern extremity of which touches Lake Wahnapita". Southward of this are the eastern extremities of the basin of newer rocks and the Luirentian tongue just ItsN.-W. I)(iun(lai\ . I^ 1 M •ILL ■1 <;f,(>I. these n.ountains appear t.. double round in the space between Lake Panache an.l Lake Huron and to be repeated in the high ,.id.es f..rming the backbones of the long points which ,ut out south- we:;wanl towards Manitowaning Bay. Lake Panache discharges into Laj<. Panachej Lale Huron through a series of narrow east and west lakes lying at h„^..,„. successively lower levels and supplied by the short rapid streams ov waterfalls ^hat break, at right angles, through the lowest gaps m he .,uart.ite ri.lges which hohl up the water ..f each one above the level ..t the next below, the wl,oh- chain being called Whitehsh River Lnpure mag.iesian lin,estones are found at several places dong the MagneMan ,„,tliern side of Lake Panache. They are generally tine grained and s.Mni-crvstalline, of light greyish colours and always contain a large p,..,pornon of silica, in the form of grains and threads or strings. I he .u,vr of two specimens from the north shore of this lake, analy.e.• nil. (.nil. ■.ted will, ,.a,.|, ..iImt. .\t ..iir |.,iii ..f tli.- sli..iv, wlifiv til.' liin..>l..i„. i> w,.|| ,.x,M,s..(l, Mr. .Mii.Ti.y .•stiiniit.'.l its thickness t(. 'v.'Iimai'.ita" '"' ' "*" *'''''" "^ '"""' "*' ''"''"'''' "«''' ^'••'♦'ili.sli -ivy (I..I..init... WMtlwr- Ki'v.r.' ' i"K l)!'*!^!!, .•r..ss,.s tin- Wiilmapitii' IJiM-r ,ii Isliiii.l Pcitaju'*'. (iliuft tlim- niiirs l».l,,w the ..ntl.'t ..f tli.' lakf. Tin- n.i-ks mv li.-n" ntMily vertical, l.iit iin.iulat.- a ir...,.] .leal, ami ! est iniat.'fl this liaiid t.. have a thic-kiu's.s ,,t' at least MOO t'eet.* Th.- r..rks ar..iiii.l Lak.- Paimche u, I theiifi' liy the eanne-roiii.. t.. [.ake Walinapila' .are descrihed l.y Mr. Murray in the (ie<.|.n,d. al Suivev |{..|,..it f. ,■ I S."i;{-:)(; |)a"es 17,S-. 1!)0. Ill the .•eiitial ..r .•..iilia.teil part nf tli.> 1 1 iiiuiiiaii licit the ^rt'V- WHckes c..iistitiitc a iaiye |.r..|M.rl i..ii ..f ih,. \vli,.|... and they include a luiinlier . if areas ..f /^'rcensti.ne, ran.i,'in,y: t'n.ni a few diain.s up 0. ..iie M.'arly elcv.-n miles in Icn^'tli. Th.' Wahnapita- Hiver. for the first niii.' miles hel.ivv the lake of the >ame name, runs nearly south, cr.i.ss- iuLi the lluroiiian rocks ilia<,'onally and it tli.'ii meets the [jun'entiaii ^'iieiss and i.s detlectcd south-west tor ."inht iiiil.'s aloii;;' the li.aindary lietween these .systems, after which. f..r the next three miles, it <'rad- ually enters upon th.' old.-r r.i.ks and tli. n turns due soutli and follows that course till it falls in the r..cky delta ..f the French ifiver. The rocks which it traverses in the upper nin." miles referred to, consist of thinly l)edt'd alon<; thf valley of the ii|>iifr Wahiiapita' Hivcr to licyoiid thf iioith limit of thf slifft. Thfv aif tiiif ju'iaiiifd and mostly iiias- sivf aliin;^ Itotli sides of this part of the river. The stiikf is every- wlieiv north-westward and the inelinutioii at hi>,'h augles ; hut in some places the stratitinitioii is very obscure. (Jreywackes and volcanic ash- heds ,' to the fdf,'e of the sheet, and found only li^ht coloured (|iiartzites in that i)art of the route*. Since that time we have explored the country between this canoe-route and the I'p- iicr Wahnapita' Www and found the rocks to consist of (piartzites also, ri>i.»'i- Wah- . , .. , M • ■ r 1 • i £ luipitie River. excejit a little ai'uilhte south-east of Nun Martins Lake, a ridire ot dioritf, running north-west from the head of l>ouclier Lake, an area of dioiitf between .Matta,i;aiiiashin,<,' Lake and Portajfe Bay and the hiiili vUliiv of the same rock mentioned i)y Mr. ]\[urray as occurring be- tween this bay and the main body of Lake Wahnapita'. On either side of a curviii-- chain of lakes from Porta,-,'e Bay to Kast .,f Ukc , , , \\ aliiuipitif. the eastern ed<-e of the sheet, drab-coloured ar<{ilhtes and clay-slates are the iirevailiiiy I'ocks. Tn the central part of >Littajj:aiuashinj,' Lake they pass into a somewhat slatey yreywacke with iielibles of granite, or syenite, while .|uaitz and a few of red jasper, usually sparingly .scat- tered through it. constituting what Mr. Murray described as slate-con- glomerate. On the south-east side of Portage Bay iind thence north-eastward Skite-con- 1 . I ulniutT.ite. along Lake Mattagamasliing to where it turns east, slate -or greywacke- '^ * Geological Survey Rciiort for 1875-76, page 297. 1() F (IKOLOCICAI, SVliVKV OF C.WAKA. rniiiig(-\v;i^;imiim- iunl ill the coiiiitrv Ix'tweeii these hikes it is liluish green ami dral) clay-shitc willi distinct ch'iivjige. Drab-cohmred gi'cy- wacke-congkiiiu'rutc is hugely (IcM'Inpcd on tlic west side of AVash-ki- gaiiiog Lake and dark greenish argillite on the east side, while green, red and grey ([uartzites are associated with these rocks around tlu; soutliern part of this lake. Cay-slates and slate-congloniei'ates arc Dioritt'iiiassis found around .Murray i^akc and thence to Sturgeon River. Tn addi- tion to the nias.ses of diorite at the soutliern extremity and neai- the meeting of the two arms of Lake Mattagamashing, other comparatively small areas of the same rock occur on tlie western sides of both Lower ^lattagamashing and Maskinongcwagaming Lakes, at the south end of ^\ ash-ki-gamog and at the (aitlet of .Murray Lake, and again in the fork of tlie Maskinongi- and Sturgeon l\i\('rs. Along the east shore of Lake Wahnapita' and the north-western part of Ldve .Mattagama.shing, the general eastward inclination of the .strata is at toleral)ly high angles, hut elsewhei'e, in the north-eastern corner of the sheet, the dips arc romp,irati\"ely low, ranging mostly from 10 to .'W , e.Kcept at the south end of Lake Wash-ki-gamog, where there is much local disturl)aiice with high dips. Indeed, the (piartzites which make theh' ai»]iearance here may he hi'ought up in connection witli the continuation of the fault, which, as above stated, is supposed to run along the stiaigiit jiartof the Laur(Mitiaii and lluronian liotind- ary. -Vs yiv. .Murray pointed out,* a gentle anticlinal seems to run northward up the basin of Lake Maskinongewagaming, where the clav- slates are about iiorizoiitai and on either side dip to the ea.st and the west at low angles. .Massive dark grey or drab argillite is tiie principal rock all ariamd Angles of dii -A. peiitle unticliua K()fi-llrikes the northern sturK''oii lioundarv of the Laurcntiiin -■nei>s, two miles lielow the junction of Hivcr. tlif .MaskiuoHLii'. it is dellerted eastward at a ri.yht angle from its former course and then grailualiy enters the gneissic area. The details of the geologv of the shores of Lake W'ahnapita' and of tlie route from ;^[,„.,.,^v-^ Portage Hay on its east '-ide to Stui'gi'on liiver. are so fully gi\cn in 'Icsunptioii. Mr. Murray's lieport for 1S.")C. that it will lie unneces.sary to repeat tlii'iii here. {Si'r (leologieal Surxi'v lieport for 1 S. "■).■> -.">(), pages 171- 17'.l.) Gkxehal I>i:sfiiirTio\ of ViciiMiLiox I{ivi;i;. Vermilion l{i\er riv rroU(lfoot"< east-and-west and norih-and-south line^. the ]iosi marking their intersectieeond. My instrumental |-\tcnt i>f survey extended up to thf cast and-we.-.t intci'sert ion. or three mi le,> "^ 'leyond the northern cilgc of the sheet and our explorations reached a point -ix nules still further north. ISdow Ni-nip-ska-gaming Ldt line all the way to ( »nwatin Lake, a ('],ai:ictcr of distance of twcnty^two miles in a. -.trai!.;lu line, t he i-i\ci' passes through '■'^'■'■• a suct'osion of narrow lakes <-onnecte(l liy stretches of I'ajiid ri\er llowinu' in rocky detiles and lia\ ing usually i>\u' 'a- tv.o and sometimes more falls with portages in eat-li stretch, so that the general descent nurst lia\e a consideralile grade. P're\ ious to the preseiii surxcy these lakes had no names and, foi' the sake nf c(in\ enience of descrijition, we were \,iiiirs, olilio'iMl togi\(" them those which appear upon ihemaii. The princijial triliutaries of this part of the river coming within the limits of the 'j-,.ii,„r,.|,.i,,s. sheet ai'e a hi'ook from the east at irs noriliern edge and Ka-wa-wa-ski- Uama l!i\er. a lar-e hrandi from the "csi which falls int. i Fraser Lake. St rat ilied i luronian rocks ex lend down fi'om the iiUersectionof theri\ er (;,.,icral with I'roudfoot'.- east-and-west line to the junction of I'.lack Ash llrook. j'li','!';'',,.^!', frmu the east side, a distance ot ele\cn miles in a straight line, the IS F fiKOI.OCK'AI, SritVKV OF CAXADA. Change in clmiiuter (if the river. course of tlie fiver beiii:;' about south-east. Here the stream enters uiinii an area of hoiiil)lencle-graiiite, uiicroperfinatite and gneiss, and its ciiurse becomes about soutli for a distance of nearly ei,iij;ht miles or to the he.ad of Bass Lake, where it emerges upon the volcanic l)reecia. Its general course over the latter rock is southward to Onwatin Lake, Ijut it makes a large bend to tli(^ eastward at Marshy Lake, from which a canoe-route g(jes north-eastward to the West Bay of Wahnapitse Lake. At Oiiwatin Lake an entire change takes place in both the diaracter and the course of tlie river. So great is this change that the Indians regard Onwatin (Smooth or Calm) Lake as a river-head from which the stream below derives its name : Onwatin (not Veriuilion) Pviver being its Indian designation. It may here be reniai'ked that, as a rule, all over the vast Archa-an C(mntry inhabited l)y the Outchipwai Indians, most of the rivers Ijear the same names as the piincipal lakes, which in each case are regarded as their source. I^'rom Onwatin Lake the river tl(»ws witli a gentle current, as a rule, all the way to Vermilion lake, in a general west-south-westerly direction, slightly liowed to the north- west, the distance in a straight line being twenty-seven miles ; but its Very tortuous diannel is so exceedingly tortuous that the actual length of the stream i~^ about three times as great. A fall (jf about tifty feet occurs at Larchwood. w]iei(> the Canadian Pacific Railway crosses the I'iver, but besides this tJiere are only a few small rapids, although the river is fre([uently lilocked by great jams of driftwood, eacli of which i-enders a portage necessary. Throughout the ;d)o\e section the rivei' tlows entirely upon the same rock-formation. At < )nwatin Lake, it enters upon the noitli side of the elongated basin of unaltered argillaceous sandstones and shales, and follows the gentle sweep of their strike all the way to Vei'milion Lake, the two lakes lying in corresponding jiositions nearly at the get)gi"iphical extremities of tiiis meml)er of the scries. In Vei'milion Lake the course of the ri\ei' doubles round and now tlows east-north- eastward to the nortli-west corner of Creigiiton. Tlie general upward bearing of W'liitson Creek coming from tiie opposite direction is in continuatio]! of this course as far as the north-west coi'ner of Garson, tlie two Streams almost coniplclely surrnmuling the I'cntrai part \'e section *>' to the i- T- it' 1 • •! -r , ■ . mouth. ot loster, the distance being twenty-one miles. In this section it flows altogether upon the grey wackes, quartzites, felsites, &c., of the lower local division of the Hiironian rocks and in the direction of their average strike. Its width varies much, but its principal expansion is Lake Waljagizhik, on the north-west side of which there is a large area of diabase. Gkologv of Vkkmiliox Rivf.k. Following the above general description of Vermilion Riwr, an ac- Aliove Proud- count of its geology will now be gi\en. Ai-ound the outlet of Omitchi- f""''' '"'*'• wanga Lake, or four miles in a direct course above Proudfoot's ea.st-and- west line, grey .diabase is exposed and on the eastern shore of Tonadus Lake, ;it two miles and a half above this line the rocks consist of dark greenish-grey argillite. Greywaeke of the same colour as the last name^l rock is exposed on the river at half n m'.le aliove the line. Proudfoot's line was examined from the coi'ner post for a distance of seven miles west or for six miles from the. river, and the country was also ex]iloi'ed for a short (listaiicc to tlie eastward of this post. No rock was observed between the river and the corner post, but eastward Hast of Ver- of the latter the rocks in the first mile consist of dark greenish-grey "'i''"" Uiv.T. ai'gillites, (juartzose greywat'kes anl greywackes containing hoi'nblende, all striking N.AN'. and S. E. ( >n ihe western shore of a good sized lake, a mile and a (|uartereast of the post, tlic last inentioned rocks are again exjiosed, while from its south-w(>stern extremity reddish hornblende- granite of medium texture extends to the south-westward. *Thin lake, wliicli extenils for tliree iiiilis anil a hiilf ejistuiinl of the Vermih'oii Kiver III the towiishij) of (oahiii'.i, was formerly ealleii " \ eniiilioii Lake '' on tlie toNViislii|i ma|i, Imt as tliis name w.-is )ireoL'ou|iie(l by the larger lake in the to\vnshi]i of Kai'liaiik. another name In eame ne<'essary and we called it MeCharles Lake in honour of .Mr. .K. Mi'Charles, wlio reside> on its northern shoi" and is doiii^' much to proniore the uiiniug iiiduslr\. «t»M*«» 20 F (;i;oLO(;uAi. MiiVKx of caxaoa. Wf-it of Ver- milion Kiver. (iivywacke- CollgldllleriltH syeiiite. fineiss. Bt'low I'roiul tout's lim.'. Quartzite coiitjloini'ratt' Black Ash Brook. Camp Tslaiid. As already statt-d the river intersee-ts tlie east-aiid-west line referred to a short distanee wi-st of the tirst mile post. Follow iiii;' this line, the &teep asi-ent on the west side ot' tin- river exposes a veiy dark coloured silieious eon.") '.and the inclination is to the north-eastward at an a\iMvige angle of (10. The rivei' continui's in the same general coui'se foi' six miles more (nine miles in all from the line) to Jilack Ash Brook, whei'e it pa.sses otl' the Hni'onian system. The rocks for these six miles consist of i|uartzites, alternating with aig-illites and clay-slates, with some grt>y- wackes. An island at the coiinnencenient of this section was named Camp Island for the convenience of local descrijition. in this vicinity a dark grey (piartzite dips X. 'M) W. at a higli angle, while a few •] GEOLOCY OF VERMILIOX HIVER. l\ F chains furtlier down ttic siUiie rock dips X. 40' E. < :')() . Close to the latter, and u >parently uiulerlyinjL; it. tliei'e is a )nassive dial .-coloured arjjillite which shows no stratification. Campbell Lake, measuring upwards of a mile in each direction, Campliell was discovered at two miles and a-lialf north-east of Camp Island. Between the river and this lake se\(n'al riilges of greywacke of ditlerent shades and textures were crossed, the strike being generally northward, but varying to 10 \ 15' and even 20' to the east of north. On the shores of Campbell Lake the rocks con;ist of, (I) greywacke with patches of iiuartz pebl)les, of all sizes, and silicious inclusions which weather to a sponge-like surface and, (2) silicious volcanic l^reccia, hold- in" sponge-like (luartz fragments and patches. On an exploration Cain]. Islaiul from Camp Island in the opposite direction, or soutli-west troni the j;,,,, river, as far as Pi'oudfoot's north-and-south line, tlie only rock met with was at th.ree-quarters of a mile, and consisted of a tine-grained greywacke, wliich showed no stratitication. Three-quarters of a mile below Camp Island, massive (juartzite appears, and at a quarter of a mile furthe.' massive greenish-drab argillite, striking N. 21 W., the dip being vertical. Pot-hole Falls, p„t.hc.le Falls with a descent of thirty-tive feet, occur at a mile and a-(iuarter Ijelow Camp Island. Here a clitl' on the south-west side of the river shows sections of ancient pot-holes much larger than the j.resent stream would appear capalile of forming In this vicinity massive greenish-drab argillite, massive ahh-grey quartzite and grey silicious conglomerate with pebbles of horni)lende-granite occur, striking, respectively, 8. G2° W., 8. 0(S \V. and N. 70 W. The l)edding of the tirst and last is on edge, but in the other case the dip is 8. 22' E. < l-'i', sliowing the existence of a fault or other distui'bance. Half a mile further down there is another fall, and here the rock is indurated greenish-drab clay- slate, striking due west Nertically, while its cleaxage, which is als.j ver- tical, runs N. 15 W. Ka-ko-zhish Falls, twenty-tive feet high, occur Ka-ko-zlush a little more than half a mile below the last fall. A dyke of diabase, over 100 feet wide, here runs N. G5 W. and greenish-drab clay-slates, on its north-east side, strike N. 20 W. : but ten chains further^ down where the ri^er enters Otter Kock Lake, similar slates strike N. 50' W. otter Rock iind dip N. 40 E. < ^<0\ On the east side of this lake the rock is =^ "^' line-grained massive greywacke, while on the north side it is dark bluish clay-slate, .ntriking N. 55' W. < 90'. A ridge of angular frag- uuMits of i.anded gi-eenish-grey slate crosses this lake. IMuH's of grey quartzite overlook the north-east side of (Gibson Lake and a grey (iil, son Lake. quartzite-congh>merate is found at its head A short distance above the head of this bdse there is a portage past a i-apid, a quarter of a 22 P GEOLOlilCAL 8UKVKY OF CANADA. Mowut Lake Kii-\va-wii- kash-ki-giiiiia Kiver. First gneiss. 'Hile lf ratl,er light grey diabase alxu.t 400 feet wide c.'<.sses the river and appears to East of river, Bass Lake. V'dlcanie breccia. (Treat diabase dyke. ^•] CJKOLOfJY OF VKRMILIOX HIVKH. 23 p "'S niii iihout ten degrees south of west find pn.bably ciuises tlie great l)end which the river makes in this part. From Onwatiu Lake all the way to Vermilion Lake, us already stated, the river Hows with the strike along tlu* north-western side of the basin of grey argillaeeuus sandstones interstratitied with softer beds. From a point three miles and a half, in a straight line, from the inlet of Onwatin Lake as fai' as the middle of the township of Lumsden, all tlie juimei'ous southward bends of the stream touch the outcropping edge of the same band of the formati(jn, which, with a southwai'd dip, sweeps round in a gentle northward curve between these points. Tn this interval the sandstones and the slaty beds are generally dai-k grey, and the lat^' i are sometimes black. The sand- stone is characterized by disseminated grains of transparent quartz and it also holds occasional ovate spots of a difterent hardness and a lighter colour than the average, measuring from a few inches up tt) three oi- four feet in diameter. These weather, on exposed surfaces, into oval and rounded depivssions, the larger of which are locally known as " Xanabozhoo's snowshoe tracks." These are well seen on the rock- sui-faces at Larchwood where the Canadian Pacitic Railway crosses the river and they are again met with at Chelmsford on the opposite side of the synclinal. Below Larchwood the argillaceous sandstones with the oval depressions on weathered surfaces are exposed freiiuently in the banks of the river for the iirst half of the distance to Vermilion Lake. Tlie dip is south-east at high angles and the strike Aery straight, the bedding never being curved or disturbed. In the lower half of the distance m»thing but sand is to be seen along the river. The rock just described under the name of argillaceous sandstone might also l)e called arkose or greyv .icke, but for the sake of distinction, these names are reserved for the rocks of the older division in this disti'ict, which generally l)ear more distinct evidence of being made up of the debris of granite or quartz-syenite. They have a great similarity to the dark grey silicious rocks which are scattered so abuntlantly in tht! form of boulders around the shores of James' Bay and o\vv the couiitiT to tlie south and west, and whicli occur in ttitn on Long Island, Eastnuun ; and they also resemble the dark grey greywacke or felsitic sandstone at the mouth of Churchill Biver on the *vest side of Hudson Bay. The country on tlu- south side of Vermilion Lake is hilly and some- what rugged, the highest elevations being towards the west end. The rocks of these consist of coarse black schist full of foi-eign fragments, mostly of (|uartz-syeinte. The cleavage strikes S. (iO W., and dips to the south-eastward at an angle of 00% but no distinct bedding could be observed. These rocks form part of xhr \A:vA: breccia Invud, else- Onwatinjto V'ermilioii Lake. Character of saiiflstone. Oval depres- sions in sur- face of rock. Below Larch- wood. Conivarison with similar rocks else- \vh(.'re. Verniiliou Lake. 24 F (iEOLO(iICAL SIHVKV OF fWADA. J'.luck slatf. Mineral-bear iiig vein. Kiver turns Sdlltll. Hnrnnian n )ck.s. Li'vy River. Rock like " hiilleHinta. Hornblende .u:nl■is^s. where (leseril)t'(l, and n.iitdiii, as usual, a -(mkI deal of ii'dii pyrites. FurtlH'r .>ast, on the soiitli side of the lake, tile uh-U is ,i tissile'l.lHck slate with \citieal elea\a.i,'e, striking' pai-allel to the siiore. At the tii'st portage below the lake, wliieh is ],ast a fall on jet lU. f<.nee.ssi(.n VT, Creightoii, tlie black slate is full of euljes nf iron jiyrites. The cle.i- - vage is vertical and runs .'j north of west. ( )n this lot, and only a short distance west of the portage, a good sized \,.in containing galena and iron ])yrit.vs cuts aei'oss the slate. ()tln-r veins in Fairbank and Creighto?! are l>eing te.sted for gol<|. Whitson Creek from the east joins tlie river at the foot of this fall, and now the general course of the streau) turns south and flows across the strike of the rocks as far as McCharles Lake, ,.n the south side of theSault Wte. Marie l)ranch of tlie Canadian PaciHc Railway. As already stated, the geneivU descent of the lix.-i- is rapid, and seven portages occur in the interval. On lot 11, concession V ,,f Creighton, about a mile below the Hrst portage, grey ([uartzite anil gi'evwacke occur, striking S. GO W. ( ireenish-gi^ey fine grained hornblendic schist is met with on the next lot t(. the west { Xo. Ii', con. V), and grey ipiartzite is found in Fairbank, two miles to tiie westward of this locality. Schist similar to the last occurs half-a mile above the .second portage, which is at the n..rtli end of lot 1, concession III, Fairbank, about threemilesfrom the first porta-e. Herethe rocks arelight and dark grey (juartzitcs, containing much felspar and passing into greywacke. The strike is S. GO' \\'. ^uartzite occui's on the north end of lot 3, concession III, a mile west of this portage, .-.nd it was traced thence south-westward for upwards of two miles, when it became flanked on either side by fine-grained gneiss. Along the north-westem margin of the gneiss in the valley of Levy Kiver to the north-eastward of this part of the Vermilion there is a belt of dark greenish-grey and almost black felsitic .schist with chlorite and black mica in fine scales covering the cleavage surfaces. This rock corresponds with the " hiilleHinta " of Norway. ' It is exposed at Eimna and Moore Lakes ; also on the section of Levy River ))etween them and for some distance to the northward of it, "and again on the islands and points in the iiortliern part of White Water Lake, as well as to the north-west of tlie b.auidary of the gneiss at the poii'it where it is cros.sed by the Canadian Pacific L'ailuay near this lake. The third portage occurs two miles below the second on the siaitli end of lot 11, con. 11, Creighton. Here the ro,k is all a dark grey hornblende-gneiss striking S. (iO \V. At th,^ fourth porta-e. half a mile further down there is a dark rather coarsely crystallim' diorite, much pitted o%er iimst of the exposed surfaces. The fi^th jiorta-re begins about a mile below th.. fourth, and is a (piarter of a mile Ion- OKOLOfiY OF VKinilMON lUVKH. ■J.") F ir(M'(' tlie ntck is ivddisli ^•iiriss, mostly "f li^'lit slwuK's. .Some i)ai'tsr parts ^ ^ '*"■ tiller ami iiion,' darkly coloured than the average. Tlie stratitieatiou is not very distinct. l)ut it runs ahout west-south-west. At the foot of this portage, whicli is on the south end of lot 11, con. VI, Oraham, a greenstone dyke, eleven feet wide, runs N. 7.'V E. The gneiss continues neai'ly to the head of the sixth portage on lot 1, con. IV, Denison. At this portage tlie rock is soft felsitic schist, the cleavage F.lsiticsdiist. surfaces of wliiJi glisten with tine scales of mica. It passes into grey wacke, some lieds l)eing massive and silicious. approaching (juartzite. The strike is N. T);-)' \V. < DU'. Similar .soft grey schist with finely "•listening surfaces continues for a mile helow the sixth portage. Here the cleavage is almost vertical with a south-westward strike, and the exposed edges are eroded int<» holes elongated in the direction i>f the cleavage. Half a mile below this portage the river touches the west town-line of Denison, where a ridge of diorite crosses it and several large quartz veins, witli a westerly cour.se, are found at the same Quartz veins, locality. A little molybdenite was the only other minei-al (.bserved in these veins. Between the town-line of Graham and the crossing of the <^j>"*_'«^»^^.;^f. Canadian Pacitic liailway, at the seventh portage, a ma.ssive tine- grained hlui.sh-grey greywacke occurs, striking 8. SO' W. < 90". At the head of the seventh portage the rock is bluish and greenish-grey soft felsitic schist, passing into greywacke, and striking S. 70 W. < 90°. On the railway line, a short distance west of the ri\er, there is a cutting thriuigh dark, ai. ': in parts almost black, .splintery clay-slate. Following the line, at one-third of a mile we.st of the river, a massive grey greywacke, with a few beds of dark shale, stands nearly vertically and strikes N. 7;")' W. Grey greywacke, in beds froiii three inches to two feet in thickness, striking due west with a s(aitliward dip of 85', continues to WhiteHsh Station on the north end of lot 1, con. I, Denison. The "eoloo'Y of the lower i.)art of the river will now be de.scribed from Lower Ver- the mouth upward to the intersection of the Canadian Facitic l{,iiU\ay. A long rapid occurs just before the Vermilion lliver joins the Spanish, neces.sitating a portage of three-(piarters of a mile in length.^ At the lower end of this portage a grey schist, striking 8. 45' W., occurs, while just abovt^ its upper extremity the rock is a yellow (piai'tzite, striking S. SO ' W., and diitping southward at an angle of 00'. In the rapids at the outlet ..f Lake Wabagizhik and on the first point on the Lakej^Waba- north-west side of the lake a tough splintery grey diabase occurs, with ^"'' " ' calcspar in the joints, but to the north-westward of this rock there is a light grey .juar'tzite which strikes S. 70' W. and comes out upon the river below the rapids Just referred to. The promontory near the L*l! F fii:or.or;irAi, st'ini:v ok canada. L/iTKi' art. diiibasi'. Li )riu'. Liikf Klla. • ^>uiirtzites Dvke. Lori Louise. iniddl." <.f tl... ii..rtli-wcst side of lUv l.ik.- ci.asists <,t' a li-ilit ^^,.,.3^ quaitzite with some beds of jrreyw.icke, hut the rock of all the rest of the shore as far as the iidet appears to he a -rey (hahase, which, in some phiees, is mottled and more eoarsely crystalhile tlian the avera^^e. a.,f This tonus part .,f a lar-e area of this roek, exteudii.j,' from tJie northern part of Foste.' to the Vltl, .■on.'ession of L„ri.e. Nickehferous pyrrhotite has heen foujid in this r..ck 01, lots 1 and 2, eon. Til, Nairn, and on lot II, con. V, Lome. On the south side ..f th.' iidet of Lake \Val)a-izhik. a i.luish-grey silicious ar-illite thps S. GO E. < 10 . Two miles ah<.ve this lake, or ut tlie centre of lot S. eon. TIL Lorne. the river falls ;',.-) feet, nearly perpendicularly, over a dyke of tine-j,'i-ained ^'reenstone ;50 feet wide nmnin- al.out S. ,sO^ W.. or parallel to the south side of this part of the ii\ er. The rock on the noi-th side of this dyke is silicious j,'reywacke schist, while on the soutli side it is li-^dit -rey .[uartzite. T)ie latter rock occurs at tlie next fall, half a mile further up. Lake T:ila is connected with the Verndlion liiver by a short marshy . channel in h.t (i, con. TT of Lonie. This lake is surrounded entirely with .iuar./ii,.s ni different characters, excepting at the points and on an islaml on the s,,utli side which form pai'ts of a large dyke of speckled giey diabase running west-scmth-west. The general strike |.f the (juartzites is n(,arly east aed west. They contain some bands of an arkose character. On the point near the nnddle of the north-west side of th- lake, two masses of greenstone from 50 to 100 feet in diameter are included in the .[uartzit.^. and on the next p..int to the s.mth-west ..n tliis shore, a mass of the same r..ck mixed with tine-grained grey quartzite rests unconformablv up.m the eroded edges ..f the (juaitzite beds, with fragments of the latter of all sizes more or less mixed with greenstone, intervening. Al)ove Lake Ella a schist(.se,o:reywackeis found on lot;"), con. TTI, Lome The course of the river, which is straight in this vicinitv, is probably deternuned by a greenstone dyke running S. lUi' W. alme' its south- eastern side. The next upward stretch of the stream is at dght an-des to the last and lies between two .lykes of dark heavy .lecompos^n-' greenstone, the Hrst of whi.-h runs X. K) W., and tin'- other appeail to be (pute jKirallel to it at a distance ..f a ,|uarter of a mile to the north-east. Light a.ul dark grey and greenish grev MUartzites prevail everywIuMV m tids part of Lome and continue then.-e into Louise Between the nvo dykes just n.enti.med a grey felsitic .piartzite dips 8. Throughout the township of Louis,- and thence to the intersection of the Verndlion by the Canadian Facitic Railway, .,uartzites, cf^n-r- aily largely mixed with felsitic matuial, are the only r..cks met with ] (JKNKUAL OK.SCUII'TIUN ilF SPANISH lUVKH, •li ¥ near tlic river. The 'lii' is iu'vi-r less thiiii 4-"» (iiul is usually iicuicr the pcrpciidifiilar. The comiiiKtu'st dii't'ctiuii of tlie strike apprtijic'lies east and west, \n\\ it. vai'ieM <,'really, espetnally in the vicinity (if the ^'i-eenstctne urea in the soutliern part of Denison and tiie nnrtliern part of Louise. Dejjosits of pyi'rhotit>^ have been found I'ynliotite;. in cnnneetion with this latter roek at eight localities in concessions \ and ir of J)enison and concession VI of Louise. Felsilic (|uartzites, or grey wackes, with some ([uartzites of a purei' kind are found through- out the Whitetish IntJian Reserve, witli tlie exception of a few com- paratively small areas of greenstone. (JKNKKAL i)K.S(-UIl'riO.\ OK SfAXISlI RiVKR. The Snanish Hiver liavin'' l>een topographically unknown above the Micrometer township of Hyman, it became necessaiT to make a micrometer .sur- vey of it, lietween this locality and the northern boundary of the sheet. This was accomplished by going down stream from a point al)ove the intersection of the Canadian Pacific Railway near Spanisli Forks, and after I'eaching the township of Hyman, the geological examination of the river and the country on either side was continued all the way to the juni^tioii (»f Vermilion Rviver. At Spanish Forks, sixty-four miles by the railway, north-west of Spanish Foik.- Sudbury, two lai'ge streams, one from tiie north and the other from the west, unite to form the main Spanish River, which is the largest sticam flowing into Lake Huron west of French River. From the Forks, downward, the course of the Spanish is remarkably straight, >[iuii citiiin f)f tli>' Ink.'. T)iiiicnsi()iis of the lake. Rocks sli.Ml wi,|..Min,u. nf thr vallrVM,,,] a tVw rNrrpt inns i,, tl..- nut lUv uf t\u- rnrks funniu- its slnprs, wl.irl, will |„. .l.-snih.-.i fnrliirr ,,„. till w.- u.Tivc within four nu'lfs and a-lmif nf il,.- .-.vat suutli svrst Ium..!. wlim- til.' rivfi- eni.T,i.'.'s ii|Min tli,. Ilnrunian l...|t. iMw.HMi Pcyani/isinj. and ih,- o,,,,! M.iitli-wcst L.-nd MuTe are niuny rapids in tl..- nvrv, l.ut only Hv,. pc-tu-es, und tliose all occur in '''*' ^''■"' f'"'"''' " ^ '"-1"^^ 'H.,. Kllinsv. A;fiu's Hivcr. from tl,.- nortii- wcst. falls in at the fifth porta-c. The other prin.'ipal trihutarics arc ItliM- Water ]{iver from the west, ten miles l,el..w P..-amasin- Oiwipin- Creek from the east, three nnMes further down, Ceneva Crc-ki also fn.m the east, fnur miles l.elnw the last, and the West Mranch,' n-ht nnlcsahovc the o,,.at south-west hen.l. Xmnenms rapids and falls occur hetwcen the last named locality and the (Jreat (N.K.) Hend, l.ut these will all l.e noticed in th.. -eoh.-i.'al .lescription of the river! Po(;amasi\(; Lakk and nit: Chain ny Lakksto tiii.: sotrinvAiii. ok it. Poiiamasinj,^ Like, of which a micrometer survey was made, lies paral- lel with the .Spanish Kiver, at an avera-e distance of one mih* we.st of It. The point at which the Canadian Pacific Railway cro.sses the river is opj.osite tlie middle of the hike .n.d the l.rook which dischar^'es it falls into the rivr one mile further up. There are three porta-as, all of about equal len.^th. about half a mile in each case, from the river to the lake, one at each extremity and mie at tlu- middle. Tlie lake is ten miles in len-th and has an av..,vi,i,^e width of three-(,uarteivs .,f a uule. Its surface, by barometric readin-s, is 77 fe.-t over Spanish liiveratthe in.ster.section of the railway. A po.st of the Hudson'.s Bay Company, which has been Ion- established, .stands on .m island in the centre of the la.ke, u.i.l-way betwe.-n its extremities. The rocks on the shores <.f tlic hike consist ,,f the prevailing hornblende-granite, which is all red except ..n an i.sland near the northern extremity, where it is -rey. and dykes of diabase, which were ob.served in three place.s, all )'unnin,i,' nearly j.arallel with its .tjreater leiii-th. A canoe-.'oute, foUowin- a .-hain of lakes with a iri^m-ral southwar.l cour.se, leaves a bay on the west side of Pojjama.sinjr Lake, two miles from Its .southern extremity. The first lake of this chain, four miles and a half Ion-, was named Kennedy Lik.> in h..nour of Mr. T. J. Kennedy, C. E., of Pogamasin- From it the Mo-„ lliver Mows .south Anotl^r chain and ,ust belo.v the lake is .joined i,y a stream from another chain ot hikes, which we also explored, leadin- from the southern extremity of Poo-amasing Lake. After pas.sin- through three other lakes. Blue \\ ater Lake, in the new townshi], of Craig, i.s reached. A rapid and crooked river of the same name leaves the east side of this lake and Chain of hikfrt. ^•1 (iK<>I,(MiY OV SI'ANISII IMVK.H. •J 'J y \\\nv WttttT l^.c•k^4.■ ,lisclwu-.'s its wiitern int.. Spfinisl. Uiv.-r. only tw.. iiiih-s u.wl .i lialt' .listant" Tiu- hhUs ,ilu,.- l.-.th -f tlw aLove dmins ..f kk.-s fui.Mst ut ,,.,l l,on.».i,.|.(l.'.rmMit.N .'xr.-pt at two niilrs south ..f tlu" .nith-t ..f K.-n- n..(lv Lai<.', wluMv a Uin.l of -m-n .M-ystalliiip sri.ist Nvitl. a soutl.-wst stfiko CTOSS..S on.' of th.. lak.'s. lilu.- Wat.-r ISiv.T. tl.r..u«i. its uIh.I.- rnurse, Hows upon a l.an.l ..f .lioiiti-- an.l -reywaek.. s.-l.ists, svl,u-h t-.nn a westwanl spur of tlw Strai-l.t i.ik.- Huronian nutli.T, to !..■ n..,n- fully (Icsci'ilit'.l further on. (rKOI.lMiY OK Sl'AMSII KlVKIt. As ahvmlv stat.-[r. Salter, P.L.S.. in.Hcated the occurrence of Muartzite in the .strike of this belt ( W. l>y S.), an.l it is not improbable that It reappears there and n.ay continue a considerable di.stance to the westward. Nickeliferous pyrrhotite was disc.vere.l and several minmg locations were taken uj. ah.ng the J51u.. Wate,' IJiver subse qiient to our survey of Spanish Uiver ,tnJ the exploration of Blue Muter Lake and J^iv,.r by the late ^Ir. Franeklvn. u hn was a member ot the party. About a mile and a-half below th.. IJlue Water branch, on lot 2 con m, the red hornblende-granite is again expo.cl and continues for four unles along the river with the exception of , wo exposures of greenstone, oneot which ,s oppo.site the m-mth of Onapiny- Cvek. (irevuacke c'Ciglomerate makes its appearance at the above distance an.l the same rock IS again .seen half a-mile further enly behmo-s to a I)and of Huronian rocks wldcli does not extend .piite so far ealt as Spanish River. A mile l)elow the long straight stretch of tlie river abo\-e referred to, and at a short distance back from tiie west l)ank, a bluff M-as found consisting of a coarsely crystalline blackish and -reyish dioritic rock apparently the side of a dyke. Tin, next rock to be seen is at one mile .^.art.,tes. fufther on, and consists of white an.l light vell.nvish-grey quartzite (hppnig S. -tO' E. < 70^ A similar rock, with a bluff of greenstonJ nsnig al)ove it. occurs thr..sy gr.y wa,.k.. sehist. ,.unnin.. ^. r2 h. and at the low..,. ..,,,1 it is a .Lu^k gn.y ,.|av-slat.., ..unning •>. I i h. <, 90 . lM..,m l,,t 7 to l,,t .\ ,-,,n.-,.ssio„ \-|, th.. ,.oek is a hne,i;Tai,„..| -ivy slaty sandst..,,.. ,inini,m- X. rl V]. . .jo , ,„ ],,( Black .late. I .,f ih,. san,.. .•on,.,.ssion. a gl..ssy bla.k slat.. ..•••.on on ti„. south side ni.i...s,te an island in the riv.-,.. A grey glossv li;,nifon,i s,.hisl sirikin-. X. <.. h. . !)0 ,s exp..sed for s.an.' distan.v aLn-. , he ,.iv..r .„, lot ^ n..a,. th.. foot of a large islan.l. . )„ l„t |, eo„c..ssion \|, ju.t b,.Iow th.s la,-., islan.l. rh.. n.eks in tl„. b,.,| of the .aver cmsist .,f lu.e-oraine.l Honilili-iult rock. .'* -1 GEOLOCIY OF SPANISH WIVKH. M F ,,i„k Muartzite, in thin layers, intevstratitiecl w,th ..nu,h-su.tac-e.l l.Wk lu>k^^.^^ late lippin,' southward at a high angle, while at a greater elevation U;^ls"p.::^.Hlaheavy band of davk green .niea-sehist fonuU.g the M.ca .Wt. T'^^'e't:: n,ade across the township of Hyn.an al... Its U^; we;tern town-line and the rocks were found to l,e as follows . Tn the southern half of oncession T, they are light c oured H->-xt.s . d sUicious .reywackes, while in the northern halt a bluish grey si. ty r^ ^wacl^ i^evails. At one place this contains a band of gar.^ufen.us hond.lende biotite " augen "' gneiss, which, although a normal rock of f--. that nanie, evidently fornis a part of the nuartxite and g,.ywacUe series ^^^^^^ ^.^ ^^^ in which it is incorporated. The geological relations and nucroscop.ca ^,„ ^,„^,,, el>aracter of this rock indicate clearly that it has been u.etainorphos. .,, ., some clastic whose con.position has been t.nourable o u ,l.u.ge under the conditions to which it has been subjected. it u. - responds with No. :U of Pn.fessor WilUanis list m Appendix I (,. <•• In the southern part of concession TI, a green glistening schist with ,..unded concretions was n.et with, followed near the -<'<^>;; '^ ^h^ san,e concession by a tlaggy grey ribboned ciuart.ite A short distance north of the post between concessions Tl and ITT the town-hne pisses over a lull of light grey ,,,,i,.in and Nairn, which is a cntinuat.on of Hiv..,.. U,., Unc ius, describe.!. < )n leaving the nver in this direction a ridge .,f cl,.se-graine.l dionte was found to run south-westward acr..s the .Hiadle of concession VI. Tlds is followed by green.sh-grey telsUic ,u„.t.iteorgreywackein the southern part of the san.e concision White Muart^ite was n.et with ac.ss the whole of ....cession A and i„t., .,.n..ession IV. a>.d f.'-m, our cxan.inations elsewhe,... M-vr z- ites appe,n. to extend to the Spa,.isl. River on the ..pposite suK' ot the '' Cl^hiui!;. down Spanish R.ve,. f....,, . I his sudden change in the .strike is accompanied by an emially sudden turn m the cour.se of the river ^ ^ Keet... Ka„. Kettle Fall, with a descent of 20 feet, is on lot ., con. IT (Hynuui) of Ka l.v lack horneblende schi.st, all striking X. 76 E. with a ..utlu.rlydip.. . > There isavein of hyaline ,uart. varying L • to .. feet m thickiu-ss at this place, but no other mineral :,r .^.e Z < '-rved in it. Imnie.liately below Kettle Fall the schists a^ <>.sturbe.l, but ,a a short distance on they have a general 2 to the west a, an angle of 70 . The next portage is ^n the ri^l t side ot the river, on the line between lots •' a.ul I ,•, ,. I /H x ^ h.,«ly.,m.„„™,.„s s..|n»,, „e,„.|y „„ ,.,|^„, ,„„| ,,,i| "'<■[ (!«,• s-,:J „.2Z lot .!, con. I, Hyman. ' ^ The S,.unsh Hiver enters the township of Drury in lot 1 2. ,.on I "•' '^ •'■" "^ enstone is associated with hard green schist, the cleavage of which runs (>ast a.nl west. A grey hydro-mica schist, running s.mth- west occurs where the Canadian Pacific Railway cro.sses the river in the centre of lot 11. con. 11. In the south-west corner of Nairn the river makes a double ..r reversed curve like the letter 8, in crossing a green- stone area, one portion of 'vhich is soft and another hard. The Spanish River now .'rosses the n<.rth-west corner of the town- ship of Foster, in the south-west corner of h.t ll*, con. VT. it falls twentv-five to thirtv feet over a st.'ong band of light grey ([uartzite, which" dips due south at an angle of 70 . The Vermilion River joins the Spanish on lot I'J, con. V, just below this fall, and as this brings u (ireeii scliiMt. Lome, (ireeii schist. Nairn. Dark clay- slate. Moraine. Striie. Ice-grooveff wall and roof. (Ireenstone area. Schists. I oster. (.Juartzitf baud. ;U) K f;Kor,o(iif .vr, suiivicv of canada. Fdriii and iHisitioi). Twii (l•,^tIt•t^ fVmrM's of Onapiiig Hiwr. SraiK'lii Rapids and falls. I >icii'itic' bi'HCfia. US t(. tilt' edge of tlie sheet the latt( iiiid T procveded to exfiniiiic the Veniiilioii Hi^■(.l•. Tl r r'i\(M' was \u>t t'ollowed ■•iiiv fiirtlicr .It." Me. Ah'Xiiiidei- Muiray iimde a toiHioTiiphifid aiul .yeoloi^ieal Spanish RiveT- tV(.m tliis point to Lake H \er a (|uarter of a nn'le. It has t (wiv extremit J' lows so teen miles below P wo (»Ut- called Onapin.y Creek, from its most south-west- uth-westward and falls into Spanish Uiver, thir'- River o-jjaniasiiiii; station. Tl and It leaves the lak<' f our nnles of the first outlet, at the foot of a 1 le and !ar,i>-(!r is the ( )n a half laninij' 4 east-north-east The general course of the ()nai)ing 1 t liay on the east side jenis the V ermilion one mi \i\-ei- IS south-soudi-east and it le al )<)ve Larchwood on the Canadian Pj ici- ic liailwav, or twenty-four miles the first foui' miles, tl to witiiin foui' miles of it^ east bv north to that st in a stiai'dit line fi 'om Ify liead le course is son th- east. .imictioii with ream. l)() th side.s. it receives four at tl id with islands, about half way up. Pnrtions of a large -Ivke, running nortli-no.Hi-eastward, form some of Large dykv. ti.e points and islands ah.ng the east slmre. near the s<.uth end, an(l parallel f. it an unusually long uninterrupted vi.-w may be obtaine. up the lak." Northward ot Proudtn„t-s line sections ot dykes and nutches of greenstone adhering to the granite walls may l)e seen here ,,„1 „,,,e all ah.ng. In the central part of the lake a narrow bay, on w nurrow the west side, seven miles long, runs parallel to it, separated by a high '- toiK-ueof land one mile wide. Towards the north eni.stiiictly bandi'd jfiiHis: Black por- phyry. limit l)t'lt of ^Tcy (iiaba.se. Straight \allev. Wijulv Laki Horiiblciiclc granite. Volcanic breceia. (.'uar.se black slate. Dykes al( >ng Onaping Kiver. a-quaitiT jihnvf tli<' iii„utli uf tlic Kirmiwal)il< Hiver. the noitli-wcst, Hank of u raiij,'c of lulls from tlic north-east n.mcs to the river. tli(' r..ck of svliich is \,.ry distiiR'tly banded feddish-jrrey j,Mieiss, which i.s ■ niudi eontoited and .shows numerous small dislocations, Init the 1,'eneral .strike is S. «);-)■" W. ft is cut hy iiTe,i;ular sti'a--lin^' dykes of .i^reen- 'i^' ' *^'"" "^ an-ular fra.irments of (he wall rock. A dyke only two feetiind a-half Ijroad of nearly black porphyry, with widely scattered white crystals and runnin.K ^^. •">•■■> W., cuts both the ^nieiss and the «>lder dykes. Some coarsely crystalline veins of felspar which occur here hold hu'ife crystals of maf^netite. The whole breadth of concession I of Levack, .>n the cour.se of the river upwards of a mile^ isoccujued byatraiisver.se .section of a ,i,neat belt of i-uther coai'sely ciy.stalline irr.'y diabase, which we have tniced from the north-ea.st corner of this township, south-we.stward into Trill, a distance of ulx.ut eighteen miles. This belt is widest where it is crossed by the Onapin- i{iver. and -radually diminishes t.. a j-oint at either extremity. To the north-eastward its course is marked by a strai^dit valley, (h.wn which the lower part of the Kinniwabik River How.s, but between the Onapin-; and Windy Lake it is covered by a ,^'reat accumulation of .sand. ,!,Mavel and boulder-earth, f(.rniin<,' hills in that direction. Windy Lake lies about mid-way on its c(,urse and, fi(.m this circumstance, it mioht l)e called, for distinction, the Windy Lake belt. Th.- south-eastern l)oundaiT of thi.s belt and the southei'ii town-line of Levack intersect the I'iver almost together, but at an anj-le with each other. IJelow this intersecti..n the red iK-rnblende-i-ranlte coutuiues to l)e met with aloiio' the rivei' for tw(. mile.s. or to the junc- ti.m of Windy Creek, below which the river enters upon the belt of flark .silicious \-olcanic breccia and its uuderlyin- (|uai-tzite c..n,i,domer- ate. The falls of the < )napin.!,r River, close to the line of the Canadian Pacitic Railway, ai'e over this br.'ccia. i'.etween the f.x.t of the falls ;'nd the junction of the riv.-r with th.- V.-rmilion. there are a few ex- posures of a coarse black slate, with iar-e grains of .,uart/, overlying the breccia. Th(> nrneiss and liornl)lende-, described, all alon.o- the Onapin- River, are cut here and there by dykes of diabase, most of wjiich ha\e a northerly coui'.se. Tiiio STUAicirr Laki-; Hihoman ()iTi,ii:ii. Its extent. This ii're.uular basin of the upper rocks has a lircadth of ejoht miles on the line of the Canadian Pacitic Railway. 1 1 s.-nds a spur w.-st ward as far as JUue Water Lake, in the township of Crai- and a hm^ev one south-westward to The Elbow of Sjanish Ri\rr. The.se have already- been referred to in connection with t he (lescrij)tion of this .stream. We I i ''4 i -] rilK STUAKMIT I.AKK IU'WOMAN OITMHU. :5!) V propose t.. ciill this hasin the Stmiflht Like outlier, as its recks um\ Nan,,.. deposits of economic i.iineruls are already Lest known in .■..nne.t.nn with this lake and the i-ailway station <«f the same name. The rocks within it consist principally of j;rey wacke-schists, .,uart/.t.-s. U.jokn ut tl,.- ..uartzite ..r -reywacke .M.n-lomerates, -reen schists, hard sandsf.nes, .rrcenstones and some dolomites. In addition to these, black slates occur upon the western side of the first hill west <.f the outlet ..f (5eneva Lake, and also, to a small extent, close to the outlet itself.* The eastern l.)l)e ..f the outlier surrcmnds (Geneva Lake and isalumst (;,.,uva Ukc. ,sei.arate.l from the rest of the basin. The Canadian Pacific Railway passes the .mtlet of this lake which is three miles north ..f Cartier station. Comin- from the south-east, on the line of the railway, dif- ferent varieties of the c.nnnon red hornV,lende--ranite of the district are fouml to extend tor two miles and a-.p.arter lu^yond Cartier, but here the .ranite becomes mixed with coarse breccia and conjilomerate. This is Coarne brec- foUowcd by ash--rey greywacke, 100 yards in width, and next by a bed nf fifteen feet of -rey to dove-clou red fine-drained dolomite, wather- Dohmnte. in- dark br..w... The dolomite strikes N. 4.V E. and the bedding is alH.ut vertical. It is f..llowed to the northward by coarse felsitic sand- stone and silicious greywacke-conglomerate or breccia. The p.d.bles (^nglu- and f.'agments in the latter weather out conspicuously and consist ... „ther varieties of greywacke, hornblende-granites like the prevailing varieties found in sifn in this region, black slate and black and white .,uart/.. The strike varies from N. 30^ to X. 00^ E. These rocks co,i- tinue, with.mt change, for half a mile up the track and at the <.n(l ..t tl.at distance thev are foun.l to enclose large masses or small areas -.t Knclose-l the -reywacke, partially altered into Hne-graine.l granite ..r syenite with all the outward appearance of the more tlu.roughiy crystalline varieties. The rock als.. includes considerable masses of the latter and ar.'as or patches of boulders of it c-rowded together, with the interstices filled by Patcl^. of crushed or broken fragments of the same rock. At the outlet of ( Jeneva Lake this syenite ..r granitic greywacke includes some black slate and a patch of impure dolomite thirty feet thick. A short distance north wart vellowish-grev .piartzite containing a good deal of felspathic matter, Quavt.te. hut the islan.ls in the mouth of the large bay .a^tlie ^mU^east. side '" *Thesearep>ob.U.lvaoc,ntinuaU.7of a^n,rT,f black slates near nann.rn.an Lake (.xaniincd by Dr. ScUvyn m 1883. K) K (iKOl.OCICAI. SlIiVKV (IK CANAKA. Coarse hrecfi AltfVi'd grcywackc. iVtagnetite. Hymiite. -•'i<' t'tiiiiuMl < it' ;,n('y syenite, iiiul an islet in tlieuutlet iirni is ninii)ose(l ot" the siuiie inck. A mile mid ii-liiilt' noi-th-oast of tlie outlet there is an Dolninite. islet of thinly l)e(l(le nlK i.lsTuliT. n r ..( o„a,,i>,» (■ k. «..-.v«..k.' •"■■—■ "'fi")-' '^ '■■■■ "; ,,'';'',/;i""!'; „ 1,1.., fn,M,.T, i.. .1..- ™„, ■.■Hi.,... ., .ivk.. ..I- '■i"'«i'-''^v:-'"'; ';,,,;. ,„ii,.-.-,u-.i.... i...'..i "'" '"'"f; :', V ,,„.k ......M»ts ..f -.■..>■ sla.y a.vv.v...-l<.' » ..1. -.... M - ..1. " . ".-" „,„.k„ iiiul w.'stcfii Ix.rd.'is of til." slu'i't. (!kxkka>, Hkmakks ..n T.IK lln-Ks oK TM.: I ).sT.u<"r. Tt willhes...ntV.m,thr:-n-nin- vrynvX aiul t.-.n, l',,,tVsM.i' Wil- V..lL'iitnc Tt will he sfcn tVoiii thf . 'iv^inm- r.'iMM> •> mituiv ot ,t,,,ili..l ,. v..„ ,li..i...-tlv ..,li„...,.l...-y. .....V. ..ev,..-tl..l ■>■-. I.. V. '■ ;;:i->"' "■■-' -'7 !'•";:;:!"!,:;■:::::.::;::;:: .M„ Tlu'V have i.n.l)ahlv heci. v..Kanic ash.-N. dUNt. imui '!- .u ....^>- ...■"-;"•«■ r'-T, :;::,::; :::..:;: p,ohahlv little la.,.l. of po^sihly none ut all. a. t. Lto,.v: Even nu.lten n.atte,. poure.l inf. the se.M.u.l . eaMl U '; to fonn son. of these deposits, o,. . in suu.,ent.^^^^^^^^^^^^ ...nai,. ueavlv intaet and tinally eool ,n that l'«--""- ;^ •^;, d^^ ,..„nn.^ eoven-d and ineo..po.a,ed in the .ednnenta.y st.ata. d-^ :UU.io;;s h,.eeeia. ...i.-h. with a thieU.^ss of -;'-' ;^;:-;^,r ^ : ,...., ,,e township of 'IViU neavly to NN ahnap.ta. ^^'^^ ' ; »' | ^,,,^ ,, , ,, ,„, .„ f of voleanu. aet.on with explosive v.oleuee. on a la.,. • ,„,, activity. ,.oek ...ay, how.-ve,', he of L<.we,- Ca,..h..an -^^- ^, ^,,^ ^.^ ^,.,.,,, Tl... , ..Pvwickes wl.ieh .Mmstit ute t he n.ost al.u..dant cUss desc-riUed. ";:::';:i::r:ri:;i'*:~ a,r:;~ .n.^vxvaekP is a nartzit('s diminish towards tlic N . K. aivd they appear to ha\i' resulted from the separation and ai'rangement of the constituents of gnyuacke by watei', the grains of (juartz. with a greater or less mixtiuc of those of felspar, l)eing dej)osited by them" sehi's to form liie (luart/.ites and the finer and lighter nmd being cari'ied furthei' on to form the slates. The quartzites of the Ihironian systc^n may We regarded as the more silicious forms of the sfime rocks or those varieties which luncbeeii rendered iMimparatively free from the felsitii' i,i softer constituents of gi'eywackes. It is worthy of remark that the qnarzites which form so laige a propoi'tion of the lluronian rocks along the north shoi'e of Jiake Huron and thence inland as far as the e tm.e hUed by a corresponding thickening of the n.end.ers on either side. The quartz- ites .lo not appear to foru. an excepti-n to this condition, but owx.^ o IJ— u.^_ the fact that they withstand, lenudati.m better than the n.ajority of the rocks associated with then,, th-^y beconu- nu.>'e conspuau.us m propor- tion to their vohnne than the others, and their relative proportions are therefore apt to be over-estiir. ted. The clav slates and Muart.i -e generally closely associated together, C.a, .late. ,,„a l,„ti;are found m conn, .on with the greywackes. Ihis is the case in the country between the AVahnapi.u. and Sturgeon Rivers a.u the same thing was observed along Montn al Hiv.. an.l between it and Lake Temaganii. These slates are generally drab or b u.sh-green, o, brownish and purplish. They are son.etin.es distinctly ba.uled acn,ss ,„.. eleavage-plans ; and at the northern outlet of Lake Teinagan where a handsome greenish variety occurs, they are streaked . i,.,vgular an,l interrupted black bars, which consist oi hornblcndic .nat^rial. This variety was nu.ch prized by the ancient Lulians .^ an ;;;.,.,,,„tal stone and a variety of articles n.a.le from it have been ,,„,l in manv pW-es in the Provinces of ( >ntar,o and Quebec an.l in -ri;:::;;; r ;:r t;:;... cks of t.. dis... ...st of o . ....... .xtensive masses, together with n,any of sn.aller --s .ucoi.nnu^ .,th the other Huronian n.cks and probab y '-^-1-u-- J^^ ^ ,,,.., „,, (,) aykes which cut through all the "-f -7; ;'\^. ;; The following are the three principal variet>es ot the hrst das . . h n the area of the Hrst division shown on the sheet , ere are 1 ^ > ^^^^^ _ n.assesof hi^hlv crvstalline diovite of a n-eduun text ue, and a da, k ^^ ^,, ^,.^„ .,.,„. ., ,...;.sl,-g,ven colon,., cl,a.acte,.i.ed by the presence ot aissen.inated spots and cystals of py.te or so,net in.es ot Vyrr\^-^'- , 1 • • , 'Plw.v lucasuic ti'oni less tnan a- the sti'ike of the adio,iiing r«>eks. I In > iniasuu t;,.,,.. of what weiv origmallv o\ertlo\Ns ot tni i.i'K'^cs iiiav I'cm'ese, it sections tii \\ n. .-^ . . 44 F (iKCtU»(i!('Al. sriiVKV OK (\N.\1>A. Character of cimiitry. f'niu'se grey (lial>iise. Two hflts, W'iiulv liakt l.elt. ' .Slaty and tiretriatcd dioritt's. Ciiarsc crys t.dlini' lioni- bli'iidf-iofk. slaty greenish diorite. which \n places l)ecomes l)recciate.i. the included fragments l)eingof all sizes, from v..ry large boulders down to small pelibles. and consisting principally of quartzites and granites or syenites. Tlie diorite belt which borders the south-eastei'u side of the tongue of granite and gneiss from (iarson to Craham lu'longs to this class, as docs also the belt in the Vth and ^'Ith concessions nf Henison. There is also a very coarsely crystalline dark green amphibolitc or hornblende-rock, examples of which may i)e seen on lot 4, cimcessi.m V, l'.lezard. just east of the Stobie mine : along the north-west side of the sam.. belt in the Vth concessinn of McKim ; neai' the McConnel! mine in the IVth ci.ncession of Snidei. and again at the s.iuth-west bend of the Sjianish Uist>r. A massive (juartziferou-, hornblende mck or di.irite is not uiu-onnnon ill the liuronian series in other ivgions. but in the Sudbury district we have what mav be a form of this n mod lied bv water a rock which .,] (iKN'KHAL HKMAHKS 0\ TIIK HorKS OF THE OlSTUUT. [n F Hiiiy be called a stratitied qiuirt/.-diorite. It is made up of rathef thin beds, the lower part of each of wliicli consists of a layer of (juartz grains^ the coarser being at the bottom and the finer higher up, while the upper part is a mixture of hornblende and felspai' delnis. Reference has already been made to the apparent alteration of grey- [Jneiss and wacke into granite in the t.Avnship of Moncrieff and around Lower Lake Onapuig and also as to the passage of another variety of grey - wacke into gneiss in the township of liyman. Some of the gneiss on lots 10 and 11 incimcession lUof Garson bears a strong resend)lance to the latter and it is possible that much of the gneiss of the long inliei's of the contracted portion of tlie Huronian belt in the Sudi)ury district may have resulted from the metamorphism of greywacke. In the centre of the townsliii) of McKim a belt of altered greywacke Altwd runs from the Coi.per Cliff mine and smelting works north-eastward to ■ the Vlth concession. Professor Williams desci-il)es an average speci- men of this rock from lot G concession IV, about three-.iuarters of a mile north of Sudbury, as a pale grey compact felsite, and its components do n.jt differ from those of unaltered greywacke except that they have lost their clastic appearance. On the railway track, one mile m)rth- west of Sudburv, there is a moiv compact and silici.ais variety of this ...ck, which, on M fresh strface exposed in a cutting, shows l>unches or H;;™;;™^'- spots, each a few inches n diamete.', mai'ked l)y long scattered nnper- fect crystals of black ho.nblende. At a short distance otl' these bunches have the appearance of foreign inclusions, but on .'loser examination they were found to be continuous with the rest of the roc-k. < )n lot 4, concession VT of McKin., about a mile soutli of the Stobie mine, where this belt of rock is pinching (Uit, it shows a distinct gueissoid structure, both macroscopicallv and microscopically. In some i.laces near the south-easte.n margin <.f this area of altered greywacke, there is a rather Hne--rained, ash-colou.ed rock, whi.'h n.ight be called an altered vol- ranic mud, in son.e parts of which whit.' grains of andesine are dissem- inate.1. Dv. Selwyn has calU-d tliis variety " rice-r..ck." Examples ..f "R.ce-vock.' it may be f.mn.l nl .r the Canadian Copp.'r Cmpany's smelting furnace, un the hill m.rtli of Smlbury and again ..n L.t 5, concession 1 1 1 of McKim. It also occurs at Lake Panacli.'. nCNKKAI. . IIAUA.TKH .)F TIIK llfimNIAN liO.'KS OF IIIK OISTHICT. Th.. .l..s..ripti.ms of the ti.'!.! g.'ol.>;.v -V .!..■ .listric. in tl». f..r..g..ing ru.ss.s .,f ,,a..-es and those ..f Professor Williams. .f the mi.rosc..p,cai .'haracters ..t the rock.s contained in Appen-lix 1, show that the Huronian b.4t m this district is ma.l.- up ..f ign.M.us or .rystalline masses, metmn..rphu. rocksderived both fnm. these ami fr..ms,.diM.entarystrata,togetherw,tb 46 F (iEOLOrilCAI, SIHVKY OF PANADA. Their nieta- inorphisni. Pyroclastic rocks. Changes in massive diorites. Nickel and copiHT. Occurrences shown on map, Area of occurrence. Associated witli tiie greenstones. unaUerecl ,„■ ..„ly -ligl.tl, oh,u.««l ctotta, «l,ich hav.- I.ee„ genemlly HMlimentoi-v, Imt with some Mcq.tu.ns. Notwitl,;undins the >.e,ii,„eut,u-,v .hamct..,. ut » -" f ^ '"j '^ p,„-ti..„ of tl,>.se r..ck», ..ve„ they w""' '" I"'" '"*" '""''^ "" ,""' poituiii «'• wi ,i„,.t l,v nndercoinff a greater or directly from igneous or v..lcau.c product., bv "'«*«.' -""'- ^ less nxditic-ation by wator. Since their consohdatum they ha^e been ^:;eted to .etiorphosin, intluenees uul ^ave be.. ,n.re o. e. altered accordin, to the ^^^-^;-^-^::^-:;-f^ exposure to pressure, sheanng, A'C, as wen vs u.eu ^ibility to change. They n.ay, therefore, as a das. be apF^>l-^ te nted pyroclastic. The prin.arily volca.ia-, as well as the dened :Xhlve also undergone son. degree of change, as, ^ examp^ .. the case of the volcanic glass-breccia ab..ve referred to, (NvhetAie, H U.O n or a little newer) where the punuce has been completely Sl^itied, and again in the case of son.e of tl. dior.es, winch were originally n.assive, but in which a textural change ana a schi to cleavage have been developed. A careful study ot these rocks, both he tieM and under the nncroscope, in connecti<.n snth such pmnts as the aW. e, might throw n.uch light on various questions regarding the nietamorphism of rocks in general. Economic Minkhals. Jlrkel and Copper.- Jn the Sudbury district these n.etals are so intimately associated as to n.ake it necessary to de^r.be th^n t..- .ether. They occur as nuxtures of chalcopynte and nickehte ous ;yrrhotite. In son.e instances the cppe,- is in larger proportion than the nickel, but in perhaps the nrnjority of cases the percentage o nieke! predon.inates. The principal occurrenc^ ot t^.ese or^ >e known are indicated on the accon.panynig nmp, from which it .ill be seen that they are always associated with the greenstones and also that their commonest situati<.n is at the contact ot these with some other rock, especially granite or gneiss. These mixed ores Iku^ now ,,en found over an area extending ..n the strike from the ^ a lace „une, on Lake Huron, north-eastward to the northern shore ot Lake \Vahnapita> and transversely fn.m the south-eastern boundary ot the Huronian belt in this district north-westNva.'f which he says:* '• Specimens of this tnq. have been .u'iven t.. Mr. Hunt for analysis and the result of liis investi},'ations shows that it contains mrt^nietic ,ron ore and magnetic iron pyi'ites -vnerally dissem- inated tlirough the rock, the former in very small -rains: titanifen.us in.n was found associated with the m-.gnetic ore. and a small quantity (if nickel and copi)er with the pyrites." Mr. Murray vi.sited the Wallace mine in 1S4S and .•ollected samples Wallace Mn.e of th.^ ore. Tn his i-port for that year (paj.<' 44) he says : "With a view of ascertaining the quality of the nickeliferous portion of the ore. a specimen of it. as free as possible from tlu> copper py.ites, was sub- mitted to analysis bv Mr. Hunt, who found it to c.mtain 8 • 'it) per cent, of nickel with : trace of cobalt : but as nearly two-fifths of the specimen consisted of earthy materials, sshich might readily be separ- ated by dressing, the .,uantity of nickel in the pure ore which this would represent would eciual nearly 14 jier cent. Tn the Sudbu.'y district, pyrrhotite is more generally .litlused and Abundance of more abundant than in any othei' km.wn region of Canada and the un- usual richness of this pyrrhotite in nickel, as compared with that of other pari, of the Dominion, is somewhat remarkable. The latter cir- cumstance may point t<. a connnon deep-seated origin of the accom- panying greenstones. wh(>th,"r they ..ccur at the su.'face among the Hui'onian or the Laurentian rocks. The causes which brought .ibout the deposition of the ore-bodie^ m their present positions and tiie mode of their fonuati.m are not very manifest. . It has been alreadv stated that the large.^ ore-nuisses are found principally at the junction ..f the greenstones with son..- ..ther rock. But there is also another .-ircumstance which appears to influence the l)et*n-n.ining ,„.currence or l..cali/.ation ..f the ores, naniely, the crossnigot these hnes of junction by lines ..f fracture or by the greenstone dykes which cut •ill the rocks. S..me of the greenstones along certain lines hold abun- dance of angular fragments of ..ther r..cks, especially quartzites, and this brecc.iat.^d c.,nditi..n app..trs t.. b,- favourable t.. the accumulatmn of the or,' This variety ..f the r.ick is f..und n.-ar the L)om.ni..n or Blezard, the St.,bie, Cpp.M' Clirt: Crean an.l Vermili.m mines. The larger ore.-b..dies all res..mbl.- each ..ther in m..st respects. Foruy.f ore Their general outline appears t.. be appr..Niuuitely l.-nticular^^ing "Rf'prnt of l>roKiv«s of tlu. t Jeok.g.cal Survy for IBoS 50, page 180. IS K ,;K,,|,,M;l(Ah SLItVKV OK CANAI.A. , . . • ,i,.,.tl, Their "iriitest supi'rtu-iiil di- w.,rk»'(l to prove tlieirt..nu, m (U-pth. 1 1.. i „. ., , • ,„ ,,,,i,, • 1 ,. ........llel to the "I'licra Strike ot the eii.'lo.Mii-; uu i.s. is:;;::,' ;,,;::,;'„„. ,„,„.i„„i i ,.i,„i...,,n,.. .1..... -.1. " --■>■ '-"'■ ini'l ruck. Mixr.l slllpllidrs. Fli:l liK 1. ■,-„i. tiKU..,. n,„v..nts a s,...c.i.non. natural .i.e, of ore fnnn the Co„„er-eli.f Mine. •^ TiM.sluulelK.H,,,,,,..,,,,,,...n.m», ;;;:;:;:,:''■'■ w,,,:;:;,::',.>H i-' : ■;-■■■ ""'t;;: . 1 .,i,l tn heinmnM.rate.l \u it aiul vir..vert\voiiiterh.ekur rainits NMth -a. Ii •Ell I iiiipossil)!*' to s(*i K( (.NuMlC MINKKM.^- lit.' 1 )V mt'i'lwiiiii-i lllCilllS CM ■tMllnfi.nciil tri'iltiiit'lit, i>> sfiy tnr nit the fdi'iu nt' i:;iains uttUiinii "f I Ik- tine tft K n the cnarsiT iioi'tunis unxtiin' in FiiiiuK 2. This tigviiv n'piv^f'iit'- iifcuni'ii, latuval si/.f, '>f yi ihotitt' is iilniust always mixfd with a cdiu idcialih' perL'ontayt' i,„,, unties if stonv ruattcr iii iitc that the fi.niHT I snialUTiiins. This may uu has iHM.u si-rc-atcd out of the mixtmv hy so.m the form ot laip' am li- thf pyiT hotitf StH'Dl uhvry pi'ocess siil)str to 1 )ai tiallv surround til sn lalh'i' stony inehisioiis. li one < )f these Itreei iated ore-i Icposltf Levaek, tlie spaee: 't ween till' itreens ■hieii occurs on hit :\, con. V ot tone fragments are sometimes (i,.;uiituiil ti artlv liy j.yirhotiteaml 1 1 partly l.v li-ht-coloured crystalline gram tilliuf,'. toid vein-matter, with questions his cireu mstance may )f interest in connection as to tlie t n,.us ori-i.i, woul.l sl„.w tliis, as well us tl.r fact tlut tiu'M" -.v.-astoiu-s thfMis.-lvfs fiis,- at Yiuvm 3. 'I'ln. tiLn.iv r,.,.n's,.nts a siMriiiuM.. H nanir^.l si/,., of or., from t.,.. Stol.i.. Mil..'. Til", shiulfd iiortioii r(.iiri.s..]its iliorit... ii wliiti. " " I'tiak.op.'-ritr. " liatc.lii.d " " pyrrliotit... ,l„.,t tlH.suuH. t..n,p.Tatu.v as the sulphide's. iU.t tlu-y ...ay bav 1,,.,,,, M.l,s...,uc.,tlv ......vo.. U'ss ni.Klitiea l.y othn- a,i.vi..-..'s. Tl..- o.- ,^,,,,.,H-.- ..f c.vstals ..f tVlspa.'. .lua.'t/. a..(l apatif ii. s.m,.' ot ll..- .leposlts. a,. two sulphid.'s i.. sopa.'at.- spots thi..kly i„t..,-,..ii.,^l.'d. while auoth.-.' s.-.t..... „Kiv .^how th.. sp.,t> to ciisisl ....ti.vly ..f th.' ...... oi- tin- ..th."... Ih.'s.. di'sst.n.i..at.^.l sulphi.U's exist i.. all p.<.l....'tio.is n-lativly to tl... g.w..- sto.ie ...at.'i.x u..til thev .•ephu-.^ ,u..,v than half th.. lattn' a...l .-....- . stitut.' a self-.'..asti..- o.v. T.. th.- ..uuth w..st ..f th.' .>. imiii'. .■)! K I KCONOMK' MINKItAI.t- •til. I ,..cksa.l,.i,..n.tl..... -^-->;'^''V'T'^-t'o;.!!Z ...,„.,..,„,,,.,., a,,...sits hav.. also l.a.l an i^.u-nus nn.nn l.k- t!u sn.all. ...u-s .-n.losea in thr-cliurit.-. , ,,„i...n a sluft rallr.l (•■.,.,-• \t tl.c V.'nnilion n.inr, ..n lut I., mu. 1\. D. nis..,,, X.:M had ..... .n MU.U in aion... U. a a..,U...ai...n ,...,,, ^^^^^^^^^^^^^ ,; ,„, .i,l,.,„. .h«,i.„., walls „r ,u,.v v,.ins,.,„. ex,.,< » ."-'";- " ; 1 i'm,-.u.i<.. i.-.vi">-"- :■> ,'■•■-;"■":,'; ■-:::;;::;;;:;: ;;:;;;;:::,,":r:;:;::i:::;,:':.^-,i. siu.ks t.-..l«i ,.,,,,, ,,t., Al al...ut titty yanls t- th.- s.u.th- ..f tin- .l...rm. .•!..- t.. ti . shatt -^ ,,u .nvvwa.l<.. t.Tn.inat. ...,..l ..f .1... shaft. n.a^u.. i...ls ..t M ^ ;^.;, ^, .,i..nti.. s.hi.t ,,,,ain, la..,.- an,l s..n,..wha -^ ^ ^"' ,^,,, '., ,,„,,, ,,,„, ...^t ->y s,na!l..n..s all nun^h.! ..... • ^ ^^^^^_^_^^. ^_^^ ^^_^^^ ^_^ ^^^^^^ „,.,.. -St a..n.ss,h..t..wnshM...t '>'"-;'; ^,,„„,, .„, ,,m..st -"• ,,.,„, its s..uth..n. l...nl.-.-. .■..,.,>- pvnt- ha. .. .ve., lot, l.ut as y.t n.. ..,..un.s ^''^^ .-;.-- ^;,,,.;. ,,^ ._ . ^,, T, „nn..t...an.v^u..o th.'cUstncta.vtheM..bu,th. ^ U ,h,, \V,„thinut..n la- r:r;::"u::'T:::^ :'"-:.- -i-^ ' ^ 7"z liel.tnLnnsj, t.. M.'s^.is. H. n. > n'- , , ■, .,1 1,,. tl,,. tivat- r.ff.nti'K"' "f :,..;,. ,.,..v™.....-< ."■« » ■■•>■'•■■'■ ;;:' •:;."■■" "v ;r'- "■"■■■ ■-- :;:;:;;r::::M;^u;'t.:;ii;;:..";-.Mi.,ie., - o„m,.an.."s. all..t^^l..u. 1 ^^^^. ^^^ ^^ p. M..TMt..sh, si'oreta.y ..t tlH-Cana.lianC..l.l..-rC..n.l.;niv NM'.ti . 1 Canu.tuu. last v.'arav.Ta-.-\ i..M-..-nt. :Vtii» l.tMT.-nt. I'^^'i'^'^ '"''"' ,■.,)., u o.no " St.)lm' niin.' ' ^ ^ _ .,.-._, ,. Ave. -an'.' .'t' all .»•_' K oil \V (iKllMKilCAl, S ill iiutf that the fivi Itpiit !■> Millie tlian niic- ^,,i,,, „,., ,„„,1 .,f ,li.. tl.ivr iiii.i.-s ; tins IS a,Tni„iti. 'i'"'"* ••' !"■•■ '•'■"^- "';■':"''■ .. Millrs ipf tin |)i>iiiiiniiii Mini ral ( 'iiiiiiMiiy. Mr (;,.oi-.- Attwooil, .M.H..nianai.'.T for the Dominion Minrral ('.mi- ,;,,;,„„i.„^,lati.of|S,l,Ma.vi..lS!M.w.ot..: ."Hi.. > Ki.s' or mrtallirs ot ,. I'.lrzaid 'nine avt-rajif t I'l-r rent, ni ckfl wliicli is acronii>anicil liy \'i\ laii < 'ii. f iiiliii'. ,,..,„, 2 iH-r ...,„. .•o,.p.-r. ni..al,ov..is.l,.. ivsult ot many hun.li .1^ of assays, also of tiu- |.ra..,in.l u orkin^ on a lar^L ...,1... Iln' nnkil „,, a, U... Woitliinmon v„ri..s vrry murii. ami wl liax.' liml assayst.on. .. ,,, ,,,„ tl. .-.S ,...r rrnt. ni..k.-l. La.-v slupiiimts of .l-an on- liav.- ^oiH. aliout \n 1-r .HM.t. im-k.-l an.l :i per n-iit .•opiK.r. W .■ hav.. also Ihi,.,,,.! some'ck.an .-oiM-r or. from tl..- W.,rtl.in-ton iiiu- assaym,^ IS ,„.,. ,.,.„t. roinuM- an.l l-'.l p.-r .••■nt. nirk.'l. ' . . ,. M, 1- U W. Daw. n.anauvr for M.'ssrs. H. H. \ iviaii iV ( o., writ ;„„■ .■„ -.oil, Maivli. IS'.U. sai.l; "The av.-ra-.- ,...iv..nta,nv ot tin- oiv sin.-lt...I li.'iv (Mufray miii.O is as follows : Ni..k..l 1 -. n-r .vn... .opiK-r <)-7n i..-r .■.■nt. Th.' matt., .-r first m.'tal will aMMa.i;v >••. l-r ,.,.nt. f..r ni.-k.'l an.l I i-.t .-..nt. for ropp.-r." ^P,„, ,.,,,,nta^-.' of ni.k.-i in saiii,.l.'s of tli.. pyrrlmtite ..vs from th.> ,„„„.,,ous.l,r"sitsof th.- .Hstri.t has j^.-n.-rally Ihhmi f.mn.l to ran,^.- from h-ss than "J l-r c-.-nt. to n.-arly 5 ,..r .■.•nt.. whil.- s.-l.-.^t.-.l sp-inn-ns of th.' suli.hi.l.-s of ni.-k.'l f.mn.l at son,.- of tli.- min.'s hav i;,v..n from aUout -M) to K) i..-r .•.-nt. .,-|„, |,,,uii.,ion Mineral Comi-any has ship|..'.l m tl..- s,.rin- ot 1>.M. a small .,uantity of .In-ss.-.l on- from tli.> Worthin.uton n.in.-. ..ontaunn.u in th.' nei"hlM.ur!ioo.lof :{() p.-r .•.'iit. ni.'k.'l. From th.' .l.'seription aliva.ly uix.'n of the .u.mmI ni.kel ami .-iri-'' „,,-sof the Smilmrv .le,M,.its. it wouM naturally he .•N,i.M.te.l .hat tin- ,,.1-aive proportions of th.^se tals woul.l vary -teatly. 1 h.'se ,,,iati.ms ar.- illustral.-.l l.v tl... foll..win,u- t.-sts: Mr. V. 1. Sp...Ty. 'TLrvy-s l.te .-liemist to tl... Cana.lia.. ("opper Cmipa.iy. i.i NoVMuhe,-. ISSS t-*'^' ma.l.. assays of nin.' .litV.'rent sampler of the oivs from the nn.i..s of this n.mpanv, ami foun.l them to show extr.mi.-s .,f 1 • 1 - ' p.'r .'ent. an.l 4.-.1 ,.,.,■ .-.'nt. of ni.'k.'l. th.. av..ra,!.-e l.-'in- 'I-'A^ per .•enl. an.l ot lt).> ,., ,,,,t ami D'US p.r .r.it. of copp.'r. the avera.ue of the latt.-r hemj-- M H ff ..I. N,..-l.m, lot 12, coil. in. N. .All, .MO. KiuiKf. 1 if iiickil c'lii- ti i.ts. Ki.li iiiiki on-. I'roiiortio.i of iiii'kfl tl |.;((l\. :u\ y deposits ill lilt- distiitt. iuit <.t' iiiiki'l. tlu- (ivcni^e I t'l.uiid tV'Mii I'.i.") iMT l)t'iii« •-'■•-'•'> I"''- "•'•" I. >«mi't ,1. to :Mo ii.Tcciii. tliiU tiiiif. I'.v your IVSfS of" fljillt sillU)>l''- o (lirt'ctioii, iiua loi-uliti.'S lliivr l»MMi mildr ill t'ollosviii'j, results t tlu'M' on tVolll SfVfll ilillfifiil ,,„. |,il»,mton ot tl..' Mux.'.v -s ith til'' ,^;,.,,..,,iiJ,.,i...,-.-i....... t'...-,."-" '-'>i""' '"" ^''"^'"'■- . ,1 ij..„i^,,., I'vrrliotitt'. (lissciniiiiit.'il 1 |,-,,,n. S. .1, ot f,. rou.-ssioM I. Dciiisou. I.M'O . „„';„', :.H--. ■ ■ > 1.-I. i-M---■ '■■":"K::::::^.. 7 .n,....>..L rv,.,., ,.,ii... ."i;'.™-':;; jMT cent. '"',;„„ 1.,. :,,.,.„. 11. l."-k(tV..,n.,lilV.-n.nM--."' -"'; ,,„,;: j, : ,W U.,. A -« Il:vnl..n-. I ■ ' ■ 1 1 I • I ". iw.r i-ciit ■ coliillt, nollf. ;,;,!: i,:.,™,. f.ii-n.-. < ■ ..m.^;,.,.! ..■.■... JAIltC ool.illt. 1 •'.»'• l>t'l' ft'llt *^ ' , M .1 V tlu. r..nliv ot' till' north town lllR' .-, lloss Lofatioii. :'. luil'-s uortl. ot th.^ m ntu ot .,f Mo,-.,.n. PyiTliotit. with :i small a,u.,un, o. n,,.,- pv'-.-. I • 1 1 •>.7'x 1,1. r cent • CO, alt. Iiolli'. '.""" ;r;';V.. .1 ".■wa,„i..ii»i.«i<.. .■v,H„.n„. wi.i, . (i Localioli \> I. " asi Moi •»•()() ,„,....,,,.,,,,nt..si,.a,an.n..ofaiont... 1, -ontain-a nicUK - 00 iit'i' i-eiit. ; cohalt, none. . . 1 • 1...1 1 -"iT ii(.r crnt : cohalt, none. ..,,:. I;;:;,.:, .■..-u «„; ■,. .-...■.-... ^^ '.' > > - -rr '::;;;;:::'::::;'':.::-'"":-;:'■ - 'T:^::;j::;::":r:::u,,.,,,..,,.,.^^ - iun.arcntlv. only m small < ,,UcU slate and volcanic l.ieccia. ( .ne ot . I.ese i Fairliank, near the - it let Int I. •■on. N' ot ,,,■ V.Tmilion Lake: another is on lot .^ con. tliifd occurs on the :r';,;'-:r;;::v;"':rc;,.;;;.::;:i..^ ■ ^>'- '■ -,4 F (;i:ol(k;ic.\l siuvkv of (■\s\i).\. (Jalcnu has l.ceu found in sniull .juantities with the pyrrliotitt" at thr t'oi-iKT Cliff Mine, iuul on lot 6, con. IIT of Unihani. It also occurs i„ small .luartz veins in dioritic schist on lot o, con. IV of Denison. ,.,1,1 <;,>/>/ Fifteen samples collected in 1890 were submitted to Mr. Hnffn.ann for assay f..r -old and sdver, and the foll..wing are his results : (iold, ! Silver, 1.") assays. l..)talit>. o.OOO Ib.s. I 2,000 lbs. Simon ()l)<)iisoii>K"s luintMiu lot S, con. Ill of Moncrutf Qviartz, lioneycimibed by tin- dissolvniK away ot non ^^^^^^^ ^,^^^^^ t)yi'it('s .■ • • ■.• ■ ■ ■ ; o ■ {>•' Vein 'of quartz, 50 fe.'t \vi.lr, and runninj; N. and f^- "" ^ • side of l.ittlc t'lrar T.akf. '_> nulcs W . of dam at outlfl ^. ^^^^ v.„;1.i;S:;.;':S^^S;ast>ici..,fu-,uM^ tZ: d.. V,.in No. 1 on mining- location N\ .K. HI, t^ownslnp 4 » (S. K. of Lake Wahnapita'l. l>roi'«'Vty of Mr. Donal.l -Mc- ^^.^^.^^^ ^,^, iMrvu ■ . i -^ ' " ,1(1 Vein No. -on >anicloL'ati(m .• ■•■"l -^"""• T.xntionM 1 1 1, at S. .Ntren.itv of 1-ak.- Mattatraniaslnnff, ^"'*a':h;,;^d!;tan..,. X. H.of Lak.. Wahna,ita.. Pvop.rty ^^^._ ^^^ ^_ .,,^.^^^^ N.a;'i!:.:fr.^'H;"^Vrndl.sNNVstofMi.tve^ 'IW. ■■ Non... N V uoriu-r township of JMnninwr. Sih..uMis v.^nstone c.ontainin,^,n...ycoi.,..ror.;. Fron. Mr. .lam.p.Stob... do do Middle ..f lav-., v.in of bhush-r..y quartz. ()i.in. none. Lot l-J. con. Ill,tlall>raitb 01, .xi/.. Vo..t or Noith wall. \V..st ..n.l Oplnr nnn... Irae... ^y^--,,,, HanLdnf,', ..r Soutii wjdl, W.'st ..n.! ( Jplnr nnne d'> v ' ,' ' N..a;^lKU«w.dl. Kast..rno,..>nn^()plnrnnne •.« o.. No>,k^^ T.nt .") (..in. 1 V. IK'nison. .\o. .^ shatt . _._. ,•.■•., ' K J, Kosslo..ation. .'iniik'sX. ..fnn.l.ll..of N. townbn.. ..f ^,^ "Moru'an (.lieoniiios.-.! i.yrit..s). . w, ./,. i '" ' Sin,p.so,.:s n,in.sl..t 11, cm. II, .oai.an,, n..ar W lut..hsl, ^^ ^ _^^ ^^^^ Station on ( . 1 . Ky >:„ld-b..arinK "^N^i^ii^^i^^^^^T^s ..f .,uart/., some ..f which are ..f la,-., size. have,. '"'''"■ l,,.en dis..overed in th.' n..rth-w..si,.n, pari ..f Crei-hton an.l th.' easteiMi ,,art ..f Fanl-auk. Tlieir -..n.Mal .-..u.s.. is N.N.K. Op.Miin-s have 1 n made .m s,.m.. .if th.'so veins i.y Mr. .1. iJ. ,msnn> ln„r.tunr. Tin- luirer .lep.isits ,if d.il.imif wlii.'h have """■ l,..en ;ies..rii.ed as .iccurrin^ a. Lake I'anaclu. and als.i th.ise ..f (ieneva I.ak.- an.l near raiii.T Stati.m. as well as tin- l.an.l which cros.ses Wahnapitic iJivr at tl... Island I'orta-e. are a.ppareiit ly suitalil.- f..r hun.ino- int.. lim.s and th.^y may als., !..■ f..nii.l us,.ful in .■..^..■.■ti..n xvith m..tallur-i<'al processes in the ilistriet. « S|,..cin...ns of .luart/. from Rasli v..iMs in tlii's,. townslii|,> liav.. 1 n a-say.'.l by Mr. Hoffmann witli tiie following,' results ■ ; Fairbank, lofJ. ..on. IV. N,, j:..ld or mIv,.i. Cn.iKiiton, l..t 11. ..on. V. N.. i;-..ld or silv..r. (1 wo assays.) X" APrEIsDIX I. NOTES ON THE MICUOHCOPTCAL ^^^^I^^!^^:^' FROM THE SUDBURY MINTNCI DTSIRTCT, CA.NAIXV. Bv Puor. (IKOKC.K H. V;.uu^..,V^. (of Johus H.>pklus lT„ive.-sity). (C'o//'^c-<«c? in 18SU-U0 h;/ Dr. Bohrrf li^'U.) :s;:::;:r— :::;;.:^-".^^^ -^ couiu^ctecl. , . I , ,jvt(>iisi\e iiH'tii- :::::'::;;:;:,:;;;:----' -'-"■"■"•" ^^■- certain H,irl't- ,; chunu-tcr in lu.tl, '""■ " " ■ ,.,v .,.■1,1. «l,„-l, .vlai.. liltl.. ...■ .... "- ' '■'^"-"•;. .„,,clmv, ..ml M.i.l = .^ ||^,^^^,^, ^^ ,^ ,„„ ,., ,„. „„,„|,.,,.« ,.( rc's. ";■-""'"'''''■'■"''"■-■"'"'" ' ^'*"'^ vciiiiiiu in (l'. _ , _ :;■ ~,~, . r 1 from the Su.lburv n-Kiou 1>h. l-eeu descnVx-d ,y ♦A similar c..ll..cti->" "V"''^:. ' S,, v. 44,'i.. k F<'b„ 1.^88), -.vn., read-.-. Prof. T. ii. Monn. y ^'i'-'h.i ;-•;••' ntSd toti,..,.; is ti,. luv.-nt wntor. alumt th- siuu.. >f..H-T..l ^"1 '-I'l^' or, (iKoi.iMurAi, sruvKV ok canada. Maiiv of the imrusisi' rocU ^till it'taiii. cNt'ii w lien urciitlv wcatliert'd. tlic uniuistiikablt* si.<,nis (• t' tlicir tnie characU'i' and smnvc. lUit tlicse masses, like tliose of e-lastir oiifiin, ai ■p subject to inetaniorpliism and recrystallizatio.! under altered physical c..ndition^. vshich may m t.n.e ul.liierate (mtirely tl.e niinemls and stnictiues tl.at a.v such certain .-uides as Ion- as thev survive. Such chan-es Nve may see .n pro-ress in the Copper Cliff rock (No. T,) while enou-h of the onpnal character remains to detinitelv lix the nature of the mass. In N..s. .V2 and 40, however, tl.e metanmrphism has pr..-ressed so far that we are only warranted in assiK-in- the rocks to the class of erui'tnes. after havmg trace.1 out the pro-ress of tlu'ir altera! i.nrs step l.v .tep. No. 4.i affords another example of such changes in pr..uress ,n eruptive rocks, where, however, the nature of the alteration is .,"if ^hi\vveu\ from that seen in No. :i. i • i • i Apart from their alterations, some of the .Tuptive rocks ot this col- UM.ti<.n possess an unusual intrinsic inteivst. This is noticeably the case with No. 4(), .p-artz-livi-ersthene gabbro : No. :;U. var.ohte ; No. 4:!. hornblendic pyroxenite ; N..s. :?5 and 42, vitrophyre tuff; and No. 17. micropegmatitc. Appended is a classill.'d list ..f th.' fifty sp.M.imeus. tollowed by descriptions ..f each one in regular succ.-ssion. T. -^KocKs WiiosK Clastic Stkicti u: is Plainly Visiulk. N.,. 1. Conglomerate. West sid.. of larges' islan.l in the west bay ..f Wahiianitie Lake. 24. Cnglomenite sandstone or greywacke. South side ot Hay Lake. Montreal l?iver. ^ ■20. Congloumrate san.lstone or greywacke. Fiv mil.'s N. h. ot inlet of F.cho Lake. St. Marys Miv.M-. 9. Coarse arkos.^ with sericite matrix. Fast side of Maph' Mountain. South of Montreal ]\\\"\: S. Finer arkose with sericif matrix. Stur-eon Wnw. n.'ar junction of Obabika liiviT. 12. Arkose with little sericite matrix South side of Lu.le lUver, Lake Temiscamin^'. IS. Arkose with much sericite matrix. ■llmteen miles up Vw^-v \Vahna]uta' liiver. 22. Arkose with felspar in process of serieit i/.fio„. ^rontreal Uiver. four miles above Temagami I'.ranch •'.-. Arkose with felspar in process of sericit i/.ation, N. K. si.l.. uiountain. -H'ar WendHbin's House, Lady Ivelyu Lake. APPKNDIX I. ;)( K No. 13. guJU'tzitc -irit witli sericiu- matiix. Hi^' Maple Mounlfiin. 17. White samlHtone, with kaolinizecl felspar. Hi"h Pond, east side nf Four miles N. K of inlet of Echo Lake, •2H. Felspathie sandstone or M Wahnapitie Luke. uai tzite. yar{al)!)it Lake, between Lakes Tema-am i and Teniiseamin,!. :; P,iotite epidote t;neis ,nol,,inerate. Tliree (,uai (crs of a mile N. W. of Copper Cliff mint •21. .MetiiiiKirj ihosed lirevwacke coiiiilomei ate. -JOtl yar Is S. F. of Copper Clill' mint •JC). Piiotite u'lieiss. ;U». SKricite cldorile --neiss. Hailwav trat'k, one mile soul h of Stobie mine. ■It in-- furnaee. Copper Cliff mim ]V. HoCKS >MTII M lM)IC\rio\s o K (,'l.ASriC OHK.IN. No. -J., (iraiiite (with allaliite () bav of l^ake W.ihnapitie. ( ;) N\'t^st side (.f lai-est islaiul m Tn eontaet with No. L) west :\. (Iranite SaiiH' as last. 4. ( Iranite. Same as ast. 1 1. Coarse uiani tc. ( )ne mile .lit h of Crow's Xest lioek. west sit le of Lake Tennse.iimni;. •^1. Fine hornblentle biotite -ranite. l{idj;e three tpiarler- of a IM iie west of Stti!)ie mme ,-,S p CKOUXMCAl. SUKVKY OF CANADA. No. 4:^. Crushed gruuite. Canadian Pacitic Railway lino, half a n.ile S. E. of Murray mine. :U. (Jurnet augite gneiss. West town-line of Hyn.an, two and u-hulf miles nortli of Spat.ish Hiver. 44. (lavtietiferous hornblende schist. Vennilion nnne, ..ne-third „f a mile S. W. of the boarding house. V.__-UNnornTKi) Khci'Tivks. No. o. l-ral.ti.gabbr... Shaft of Copper Cliff mine. 10. Sinular rock, nu.ch n.ore altered. NN all rock of shaft No. ., Vermilion mine. .. , r,. v. 10. Sin.ilar r<,ck, still n,ore altered. Wall rock of shaft No. -, Vermilion Lake. ,. , , • , ,. ., , V V,. •) ^ Uid.ft" west of Stobie mine, ■.V Fine-grained diorite (ct. >o. •).) 1^10^,^ »^ 40. Hornblende schist or amphibolite. Murray nune. 3.U. 4-' Vitrophvre tuff. Lowest High Fallof the Onapuig Ivnc.. 46 Quartz-hvpei-sthene gabbro. Dyke at Blezard mine. t OUvine di!d.ase. Creat .lyke at foot <.f tifth portage, Spanish tc, |)iab!isr(altered). Country rock of the I'.ruce mines. •5') Variolite. Ottawa Islet, Hudson Bay. .Ss'. Diabase porphy rite. Xacl.vak, Labrador. 4:^ Hornl>le:idepvroxenite (Changing to talc). Nachv.il< Labn.do, . 47. Mn.-opegniatite. Hagle Hock Lake. Township ot Levack. Dl'X'Kll'TloNS OK Till-. AliOVK llOCKS. No 1. r;,.y.v,-^ On.jl r.fr. .West side of the largest island hi West'Bav Lake Wahnapha.. Well roinuh.d granular Muurtz-telspar ^W iJ;;o inche. in diLmeter, cracked and scaled, inibed.led 111 a tine ..nipac; black matrix. Section shows the lobbies to be made up .^ ,.,,... felspar grains (mostly orthn.-lase) which are nmch bmken and ai;;,laced. They further show indication of having been -1--; " - an undulatorv extinction. 'ri,ese felspar grams ar<. cemented by a .- crystallized mosai.- of chalccdonic MUartz grains, winch varies consid- Lv in its tineness. It is well known that, umh. n...se ynanuc action, the Huartz of a rock may be completely recrysta lizcd into a l.sai: of inlerlocking, fresh looking grains, while the te.sj.ar rct.u^ its ori.dnal character and is only broken or optically disturl d. ( f. Its on in I^Hunann, .Mtkrystalhnische Koseubusch, Mass. (rest., -net liH.. [.. n , Schiefergesteine, p. '-i-iO.) BiLL 1 APPKNDIX 1. .')») F lesulted iioui i rn,.;. ..Imv like matrix contains numer- Tl,e s,n,.tu,-» of this ,,,ck i. in .■«..■,• ,,..,.«•. .yP-.Uy .U.tK. .U..1 No. 2. (.'raiiifK -Same loculitv as >«. i. n« »„;K..h.,, „..,-,hyrftic, th,..,ush ,h,. ,,«...». ..f l.u,.--.-vst«ls.., '"'Thf I;ti.,.. .h„w. ..nli„a„ «.»>i.i. M"-'^ «ivh n>,l,l u,*si,.,s , ehl,„-it,, eithe,. »-l,,,l v ..,■ .,. « • 7",, .^ ^,„,,,„„„,,, hy „ n,„ l„,,wn ,Miii..rHl. .hi.-li .» l.n.hi.hl, all.,, lU . 1 ,, „,,,„.., ,. ,,, .,.■ "•;»"i<-™"7 :;',^'": ';:,:„:.. Mh,. i A,„. .T..U,-. «o,..,„,. w ;;"":,, ;;;; „„„., „,.. evi,i«,ce ..,■ ,ly„. :r^!:r;:::;iD.'C^'-- ""' •'"■ ' ^' '■"""" ' '■'trr;,.,.. s , .^-:^-'"f ■,:'■;:::; t::;r:::: ,ik.. the tot, ex.-.,,t that it h,.« a fin..,' a,„l , .'-"■ -;;;:i,!':;r';:;;;':r;:" ,.»,. ....itic. -;;-.;;;*- :il)le in this set'tion. o .,,h1 -, The sitecinx'n is tw.. varieties elosely resen.l.le .n. anotlier. ^^ ^^^,,^i,.,,,. ,,,,„lin- of tins ven. p.- "nts a st . ^^^, ^^^^_ ^ .^^^.^^^ ^^^. ^,^^^ ^,,^^,^^^^. in b.i„. .,.Hte elear an-l tush. H>M .^^ ^^^-^ ^.^-^^ i, „.,.....,, ,u.,-e .hnllv taken l>y ^; ;' ^ ^/" ' -^ ^,,,,,, ,.,,,., to ,„ ..,t,emely fibrous nnneral u. matte.l ut H _^^.^ ^^^^^^ th.ehloriteanan.ayl>oehrysot,leorashestus. 1 1. ,-> is line; its strueture is tv,.ieally ^ran.tie. (iO K (;|.;( )!,()( ;i('.\ I, sruvKV <.k (•an\i>a. (illhhrn Dlnriti' Sllilt't. CV.pptT :;: ! mine. *). I'nt/ifii' (I'ahliro or (> Coiintrv-nu-k of tlu- Copper CHH" n.ppev-nickel p\ rite C'lilV A iiicdiuiiiini'iiined miissive •,nvenstoiit' or tra|i coiitiuniiiLf l)0tl 1 rlifii copyrite and pv.rlu.tite. This rock is u.i.loul.te.lly of eruptive on-'.u aiui from its present mineralouicul eoinposition it mi«ht he culled a hiotitic diorite. I'M.th its hornhlende and hi..tite ure, h<.wever, of secondary ..ri-in, and have heen derived fn.ni some pre-existin- consti- tuent which was in all prohahility i)yroxene. The microscope shows that the light porti.msof this section are com- posed of an interhicin- network of i.liomorphic felspar laths, whose tine striations slmw them t.. he i.laj^doclase. The union of these felspar crystals to considerable irrejiular ureas fre<. from l.i.ilicatc prevents Ih'eir p.oducin- a typical diabase or ophitic structure in the rock. Th.. place of this felspar toward the more iR-id en.l of the pla-iocluse series is indicated by its local alteration tc kaolin, rather than to cal- e.ite. Most of the felspar is penetrated by minute hornblen.le nee.Ues. and it is also ..ften sprinkled with ma-netite. Associated with th.- felspar are apatite needles, and a relatively small amount ..t .,uart/. which tills up the interstices l)etween the felspar laths. The ferro-n.a-nesian constituents of this rock (hornbl.MHlc and bio- tite) are, lik.' the felspar, -rouped int.. agjire-utes whi.-h .-cupy im-ular aivas. Th.' h..rnble.nde is .lark -iv.-n and stron-ly pl.'ochn.u'. It ."curs in .•lusfrs ..f small ne.'.ll.'s an.l -rains which by tlu-ir arran-.- UHM.t an.l structure bear every evideiu'e ..f b.'in- s.'cm.lary attcr pyr..v.Mu>. Th.- hornblen.le ..f the ..uts»le..f these clusters is moir .oni- pact an.l more. Iarklvc..l..r.-d than that in their centr.- : an.!, while the n^mains of a pvr..x.-ne ere .-oul.l not in any .-as.- b.- .l.-tinif-ly substan- tiat.-.l th.- r.-s(-,nblan.-e ..f this t,.. oth.-r hornbl.-n.le is t..., ch.se to be misfd<.-n (.-f , PI. 11. Fi-. 1. Max Schusf^r: Neues .Fahrbuch fur Min.. .-t.-.. lU-il. Ban.! Tin- biotit.-. whi.-h is 1.-SS in amount than th.- h..rnbl.-nd.-, is ..t a ,. ,,, ,.,1 ,o|or an.l ^tron-ly pl.-...-hr..i.-. It also b.-ar. strong m.li.-a- tiuns of s..c..ndurv ..rigin. l'...th the hombl.-n.l.- an.l the b.ot.te, but esp.M-ially the latt.-r, surr..nn.l th.- or.- (pyrite) in a way t.. su-vst that the.n.-tauH.rplusm t.. whi.-h th.-y ..w.- their origin, was m son..- way .re„eti.-allv conn.-ct.-.l with the dep..sit .-f th.- .'opp.-r an.l ni.-k.-l. " Th.-r.- .'-an be little .L.ubt that this rock was ..n.-.- an intrusive gab- ),,., nr diabas.-. whi.-h. owing t... some subs...,u.-nt m.-tanu.rph.sm. has l,;,di,. pvrox.-ni.- c...niM,nents chang.-.l t.. s.-.-on.lary l.ornblcn.l.- ..r uralh.- Durin- tlu- .■h.-mi.-al an.l u.oh-cular .•hang.-s whi.-h brought ■tb.-ut th.- alt.-rati..n. th.- felspar was till.-.l with minute l,„rnblen.le ••] APPKNDIX I. iieec llf.s, l)i<)tite wiis pnuhu'cd. iiiid i.frliai)s tlit- vi>\^\ (diDcr iiiid nil 01 V k.'litVr 4>us iron su Ipliidcs tnnU tl.cir pn'st'iit fonii and positicii No. r». Mirrni/niiilflr linrk (iM.ssil)ly a ivcr}' stallized clastic arkosc (»r ffvpy^^'i^"' keV ' On.- mil.- n...th-xvest"..f Sudbury. Apjiears tn the un- au led eve as a Jialc ni'cv t'flsitic ui iiss, witlinut iiioiniiicut i^ranis or jiorjiliyritic crystal- TJH' uiicrnscope sliows the slide to l)e c()nil)«>se( (I (pf ai 1 e\eidv iraii- ular mosaic oi i ..uartz and tVlsi.ar (orthoclase). int.'ispers. l)Uii(laiice o it' hiotite and consideraliU' iiuisco vite Hi^' 'hlv 1 (1 witli an •efractive I'liidotc uraniiles also occur aiu tlie hiotite is rar ■Iv altered to chlorite Traces of pyrite are also ) )r( ^seiit. Tl le rock is not t tvuicallv ''ranitic. an( 1 vet it hears i-ertam evid eiu •e ot' clastic oriiL;iii. Tlie.iuartz and felspar -rains mterlo. anil he hiotil.' has evidently ori.uinated ni s,!,,. clastic uraiiis can oe (lettn N O OU tlines ot originally ■ted, t liou'di it is not inii)ossi 1,1c that this ^1 I'cinien inav reiiresent a nietaniorphosi (I and rei-rv ,stalli/ed cla.stic miposed of ,i>ranitic inineraU Microi/nniihr A*'"'/', N( ■MH) irds east of ColU' ("lilV mine iinkisli M-rcv felsitic roc nuH •h like the last described. he microsco| (iiie shows the structure o if this rock to lie nuich lik. that of the last described. Us composition is also similar. •\<-e it that biotite is abseii t. Musco\ite also is ju'esen t in much smaller amount. The ferro-m iiirnesiaii silicates are verv sparsely ( listributed. and are ,tlv chlorite, with perliap mos iiresent as in a trace o ireen No. <■) he rot k is mostlv an ( lii fels])ar much more ains (orthoclase a abundant that in nd microc No. f). livdroxide which .L^ives the i)inkish tin li,.rnblende. Kpidote is ■veu mo.saic of (luart/ and line), the latter mineral bein,ii It is often .stained with iron ir(> to the rock. ical <'vi(lence o ibtainec if the uen ("sis of this specimen is a The microscop- bout the same as that for the piecedin.i,' (No. ()). The two succeedinji' specimens V an( 1 9), althouK h to the unaided eye apparently (^u ite like the o. are shown bv the microscop to possess a typically clasti ture, N< which ]ilaces their frau'mental o •i.p-iii hevond a A >■/,■< Sdiiilstdiii' i>r <' ri'i/ii'oi ,'h 11 d.aibt. Ui Sturueon Hiver neai ast struc- lunc- t ion o f the ( )babika. 'ale i're( ■nish -iiiev line trainee 1 rock of felsitic ajipea ranee. The microscope at once (lisi losed tlu' i)ronoun< ■ed fragment ai cl lar- if tl acler o Ans-'ular o lis rocK. I- sliiihtlv roum lich is not so api arent to the unau (led eve led Ln'ains o if less than a lillimetre avera.u'e diameter, are imbedded m a Hue felt-like matrix consisting princi] lb lallv o )f sericite (hydroinica or kaolin). The aiii;ular .yrai ns are ot tiie uran- itic mineral a trranule o is. (piart/.. oi ■llioclase. microcline and oli^oclase, with •arelv ,f reddish zircon. One tra^uu ■ nt of well mai ■ked micropey- n-j F (iKULUCiU'Al- SlUVKY OK CANAl'^- ...,,ite («.-ano,hy..e) was also ..,........ 'H ••;;;;;;•;;-: J :;-" -i;^::; ,,,, shape. Many of tl.-.u an- Urokn. -''/'; ^^^ ,,,,. .,,,:,it;, ,ilH„.r tl..' Ma.T..w.T interstices between the finuns. •^ . V fl.w nick s i)roi>ortionalel> Nn\aii Th.> "n.un.l n.ass ur .vnient -t this mkK i> ] . 1 ^ . ,..,:itv It is a rnnfnsed n.ass of nunute s.-nc.te seale., bun, :-i»:r:r::.:?:,x:=::^: 1;:;:. c'lilorite offuiin tlu^ section. »xt«l" / , ,i,„,. ,,,,.,,ite oeeur u. nu. ^'' ';"• ^ ^^^.^.,.,; „„„,e ahumlant than -:;:::t:rx:i':;;:i;::: -:.::;.,■,.,;,. >■ n • n Tlu. eount.v-rork of the aunt.Tous .luart/ xeni. ■"T, '';;:;:■.. '"-"i^.'; i..,., .■..™h. .■■- k, .;...... wliat silvery lustre n lie l„.,v. this tn he an extremely ehan-e.l hasie The nnor..scope s^'nns tlu> tn ,1,,,, cars to he 1 11 .M.Mi.ilv 1 n;il) hro or a (liahahe. n -H't^ eruptive, pro! ably oii-.nall.v a „a ,,i,.,uu-e.l sta-n- ..f altera- '":": .";:;;,::„: 1 ;».".■-" »««■■•■«■'-"* '•■■■■"",'"■",■?■■ '," ,„,,l«,l.,luv uM.lt,., ,.,„ |„„.K. ,|,s„,,|.,-„„,l. .,„.! ,.■' .."» "- l,l„.,,l l,> tl" ""V- ,„„, ,„„, „ i,„i,.,.|,l,.,,t... I„ tl„« '::ttz 'i::iL. n .„i„. ...- '-■ "■" "^ ,„„. ,„ile south of Cr..w-s Nest llock. ## APHKNIilX 1. (;:5 K Macruscnpu.ally a .ua.s.. u^^M.-at.. of ,.vy -l^'^'-t^' '••"''"^'' ^""'^I^'"^'' iind apale vell..wisli alu-mtioM piotUi.t. Th. um-;..s...,,..- shows a typically ^'ranitir st.u.tu.v, w,th ortl.o.las.. ..vn.l umTo..li,u-a.Ml a iitti.- striat..l plaj.'io,.laM., a...! .,'.a.t/.. 1 1h' n.fk ,s consi.l.rahlv all.T.-d. th.' tVlspar l.-iuji opa.,u.. tVon. tins caup Ma- .nicamms na-stitueut. on.-.- p-vs.-.t, has ^vl.olly 'ij>rurkr. Nmth m.Ic L.ttl. Kn... Lake 'I'cniiscai.ii.ij;. A .ou.uM .,.insof ...anitic n.i-.cn.ls .,ua..t.. oHhodasc, nnc.ocl.nc an. oh,o- Hasc ccn.cntc.l i.y p.opo..tio.,a,elv little se.ic.te a..d eh a_ u „,,.,,,,. Th. „..ins an- all of the sa,..e ave.-a.e .l.an.ete... and plau.h show l,v rl.ei,-ha..cte,thei.Mle..ivat,on f.o,„ ^fanite win e they appea to have suile.-ed hut little ab,.asion l.y .....ni... water. 1 he , .-k coU ..f this ..ock ishu.,ely due to the .veat a.nount ot chl.„.te „. .tsce, ^ No. i:;. (Jnarfzi/r (in,. lU.h Po..!. Maple M.a.nta.... west of La.h Evelvn I.akeai..l south of Mont.val Hiver. .,,•.•» This is a pale vellow ,ock, .^...1.11... a Mua.ta.te, hut wUh .hsUnct ,„a ,„.,e o,. lesJ .■ounde.l. pchhles which in appeanu.ce closely .•eseu.hh ;„, ,„,t,.ix. Se..icite is also ahun.lantly visible ,o the u,.a..l..d e.>e. ; ,uisc,.os..ope shows this .oH^ t.. he co...posed of a..,ula.. o,.W .H.Iht,v ..ounde.1 l>.ai..sof .....itic ..ua,., full of iluid tnclus.ons, wh.ch ^: hnhclded ,., a ,....u..a-..,ass of se.-icae and tine.. .p.aK. tn„n. nts .... .p.a,.t. .,.ai.,s o,. f.a„ne..ts ditlW .featly h, s.e hut a.v un-h-.. u.il.n.a!te.. i.. aia...ete,.. ^elspa.. substance is now ..... 1 W, ,,.s o.,ce p,e..en.. l>ut unde.' the i,.flue.,ce of .ly..a,..tc act on .t senns ' ,vit<. In •, ...at.' \of th.schai-acte.-, tohaveoassed i.t..sc.-.citeo.' ...uscoMte. I .. a 1....U ix „:',; :..,, I , ..■>...,.. .,,. M...i^ •'■'''■■:''"•■'■':. :"i::;,:t;. ,„,i,„.i|,„llv in iMvins „ m..,,. sil„-i..u« s'"""l"'»»- '■'- ""> l'" " ' ,,„.;,.,,.,„.. ■n„,v,„,..i..«-.v '«''vv-"'™'"v-'V™: ■ „ „. istin... ,.vi.U.,„,.s „f ,lu. »«,.„, of |„.,.ss„n., «,.,! .u.-!jir(trh'. \'-i')], imlcs west of Moiitival, m the iiiiiiii line of the Cauiuliiin P.u'iHe liiiilway. A (Ifirk-bluish jjrey rock in wliicli niiimte (|uart/. fnii^nneiits and j,n'aiii.s are very appaivnt to the unaided eye. Under the microscope numerous auifulai- oi' somewiiat rounded jj;rains of granitic (juartz of various sizes appear, ind)ed(led in a finer a<,'f,'re<,'ate of felspar, (piaitz, chlorite and nnca. The dark color of the rock is due to minute dust-like inclusions of an opaque substance which crowd the felsjjai-, grains. Tliey seem Ltenerally to l)e developed alon.ii; cleavage cracks and appeal- to be of secondaiy oi-igni, ;is they sometimes cover the whole felspar irrain so as to make it almost opaque, and at other times are (leveloi)e(l only in cei'tain parts of the grain. The felspar sid)stance is furthermore somewhat changed to mica and considerable chlorite isalsodevelojjed. Keddish zicronanda little brown tourmaline ai'e also found in this rock. The black opaque substance of this rock is not carbon, as it cannot i)e l)urned away by heating. Tt is sfime oxide of iron nut easily dissolved l)y hydrochloric acid as is magnetite. I)V heating it is reddened, and may i, ilmenite. See Figure 4^. FKilKK 4. Scttioii of sijeciinen 14, f.-om tlie main line of tlic Ciuiadiiiii Piicitic Raihviiy, 45.54 miles west .of Montreal. ( Jreywacke, sliowimj priiins of ((nart/. eiiiliedded in a finer aggre^'ate of felspar, quartz, chlorite and mica. No. 1."). Ff/fiitr III- J//''/v»//7n;/V«'. ~- Nortli side , :) a,nd 4.) N(/. IG. Micniijrdtiite or /'V/n///^. —South part of Lady Evelyn Lake. A tine compact pale gi-ey I'ock, dotted with minute green specks. The microscope shows this specimen to l)e an exti'emely even aggre- gvate of (|uar'tz and felspar grains, containing disseminated areas of chlorite. The separate gi-ains are noticeable for having almost exactly the same shape and size thi-oughout the rock ; still they forn\ an inter- locking mosaic and appear to have originated in xlfii. The felspar is mostly ortlioclase, and the structure is typically that of a microgranite. No poi-i^hyritic ci-ystals wliatever' are discernable. The ferro-magnesian silicate is wholly replaced by chlorite. Tt is not imjKJSsible that this rock may have been derived from tlie consolidation and recrystalliza- tion of an arkose. Its structure is not conclusive on this point. No. 17. W'liitr Siniihtuiif. — Log rollway, four miles north-east of inlet of Echo Lake. This rock looks like a white and slightly felspathic (piartzite, but its clastic character is apparent up<»n closer examination, even without the aid of the microscope. The .section of this specimen appear> under the microscope to be a mass of variously shajied, but mostly rounded quartz grains. There is. but very little true cement, but the (piaitz grains have undergone enlargement by the de])ositi()n of interstitial silica so that thev fre- (juently interlock by irregular sutures. This silica is opticallv con- tinuous with the quartz grain which it surrounds, as desci'ibed by Irving and Van Hise. (U. S. (1. S., Bull. No. 8.) Thei'e is also .some felspathic substance present in this rock which is considerably kaolin, ized. Kutile in deep yellow grains and cry.stals is also (piite abundant, while the qiiai'tz encloses occasional ziicon crystals. No. IS. /■'uu'-(/rr (inj/iracki'. — Five miles north-east of inlet of Echo Lake. Yariagated I'ock of uneven coarse grain, containing good sized pebbles A)i white quartz. The thin section of this specimen shows both rounded and angular quartz grains of very variable size imbedded in a moderately abundant sericitic matrix. Tts appearance is closely like that of slide No. 9 from Maple Mountain. The (|uartz grains and pebbles exhibit the influence ttf pressure, many of tliem having an undulatory extinction and riot infrequently being broken and displaced in the matrix. No. I'l. CinHiIoiiiei-iUi' (ill- A(/(//<>)if-riiff'?). ()ut\tt of Lake Alaski- nongt'wagaming. Large rounded pel)b]es of a granular mottled rock ir. a black com- pact matrix. The microscopic section of this specimen shows both kinds of rock and the I'ontactdinebetween them. Thepebl)lesareexti'emely altered, rather coarse graiiu'd diabase (dolerite). The structure of this rock is still sufficiently preserved to make its nature and origin certain, although its original mineial I'onstituents are now entirely altered. Its lath- shaped felspai' crystals ha^e decomposed to a senu-opa(iue gi-ey saus- suritic mass, while its augite is now replaced by chlorite of a pale green color. Even its ilmenite has wholly disappeared, as such, but it has left an unnustakable record behind in the chai-acteristic skeleton foiins produced liy the rlionbohedral parting, and iiov.- composed of dai'k grey leucoxenc which has resulted from its altei'ation. .\i'ile is also present in this alt<'red diabase. The matrix of this rock is unmistakabiy clastic -1 APHKN')IX t. 67 P in its character. .Small an^'uhir and .slii(htly rounded (|uartz j,'rains with some felspar, are enclosed in a chloritic l)ase, containing brightly polarizing sericite or kaolin. No. '2'2. Arkosi' Smtflsfuiii'. — Montreal River, fijurmilesahove Temaga- mi Bi-ai.ch. A reddish greygramilar rock of medium even grain. The mici'o.scope ■-hows this to be an even grained mixture of some- what "ounded (juartz grains with an e(iual amount of felspar (orthoclase, niicrocline and oligoclase). The minerals and their pro[iortions are tho,se of a granite, and yet the appearance of the grains and their re- lations to one another at once disclo.se the clastic character of the i-ock. The felspai', except a few of the ]arge.st grains, is quite changed to kaolin or sericite, although its external characters are still ])laiidy dis- cernable. This rendei's this specimen of peculiar interest in showing the origin of i-ocks like Nos. 9 and "JO, whose sericitic matrix has, in all probability, pa.ssed through a similar stage in itsdexelopment out of the felspar substance. No. li."{. Bi<)fiff'-i'pi.dof<'^i)iriss{(ir(iii('is.'<-c(>tig/<)iii''ri OS p (iKOLOcaCAL SUKVKY OF CAXADA. A portion of this specimen is (juite like No. 1*0, hut this alternates with much tincr gi'ained layers, which alone are ivpreseutecl in the thin section. The .section shows an aggregate of angular and suhangular cjuartz grains with some felsjiar. Between these grains much chlorite has been developed, which, together with the magnetite present, gives the dark color to this layer. No. 2'). Arkosi' Siiiidstitiir. Nortii-east side ot mountain, nt'ai' Wendahins house, Lady Hlvelyn Lake. A re(hlish white rock of niedium grain, whicli closely lesembles a granite in macroscopic appearance. Lender the microscoj)e the clastic nature of this rock is at once appai'ent, especially when it is viewed with a low power between crossed Nicol })risms. The grain varies considerably in its coai'seness in different pai'ts of the section. Quartz, orthoclase and ^ilagioclase fragments are thickly crowded and connected by comparatively little sericitic matrix. This can. however, be seen to be forming at the expense of the felspar substance. There has been some enlargement of the grains by subsequent growth, so that, in spite of their clastic character, they often interlock with irregular sutures. No. 20. Dtirk Ji)ii'-ijrt(ini'Stobie mine. A dark-coloi'cd compact ''ock, which gives in the hand specini'-n but little clue to its true chai-acter. Under tlie micioscope this rock appears as a tine-grained nuxture of biotite and quartz, to which a small proportion of felspar is added. The mica has evidently ci'ystallizcd l.ii sifti, and exhibits a decided parallelism in the position of its flakes. This produces a somewhat indistinct gnelssic structure, wliich is hardly observable at all in tlie hand specimen. Moi'covei', the mica is not eveidy distiibuted through the rock, but is concentrated in l)ands which surround oval or lenticular areas. These are always elongated in the direction of gneissic structure and are compo.sed of ([uaitz, with occasion-dly a little felspar. The material which composes these elongated areas differs extremely in the coarseness of its grain, .ind apjieai's to ha\'e l)een entirely recrystallized, although the form and distribution of the areas strongly suggest their being foi'mer |)ebl)les. The oi.ly other constituent observed in this specimen consists of minute higldy refractixe gi'anules sui'rounding grains of iron oi'e. 'I'hey arc tlu' \ariety of sjjhene known as leucoxene. My interpretation of this rock is that it was once a <'lastic grey- wacke, like many of the others represented in this collection, but that -] APPKXDrX I. 09 F it hiis subsequently uiuler«',l drnju-avh- Cunjlonin at<'. Two hundred yards east of Copper Cliff mine. This is a i)a]e pinkish, fdsitic n.ck in which large ami small irr(|gularly sha|)ed pebbles are very faintly traceal)le in a matiix that differs from them in external appearance oidy in being slightly darker. The contrast between pel)blesand matrix is much stronger under the microscope than it is in tiie hand specimen. The fonnei- (the pebbles) are composed of a granular aggregate (.f quartz and felspar, tlie latter being in prop<.rtionately small amount : while the matrix consists mostly of ' /■(»•/■.- Island in Lady Evelyn Lake. This is a light cnjoivd felspathic sandstone, with an abundant seri- citic-ground mass or matrix, much like the last described s])eciinen. excejtt that there has lieen no enlargement of the ([uartz grains to speak of. No. .10. Srn'rlfir Chlnritv Sr/n'.-^f. The smi'Iter. Cojiper Cliff nn'ne near Sudbury. A dark grey coiiqtact rock with small whitish blotches, and a (piite distinct cleavage caused by the parallelism nf the mica Makes. This specimen, which was probably once a, clastic, has unch'ruone extrem(> metamorphism, wlier<'liy most of its original char;ictei's h,i\e 70 !•' • iKOUXilCAI. Sl'UVKV (»K CANADA. been (.hlitcriitcd. It is now u tint! i,'iiiiiu'(l h'^'^wahW nf (|iiiirtK ami serii'ite, with whiih is assoeiatecl coiisideral)!*- imlc .,'iwii c-hlorite iiiid a minute (luantity of opatjue iron oxidf. Tlie stM-icitc ami chlorite have a distinct parallelism in arran^'ement, pn.ducinji; a cleavaj,'!'. Within tins uniform mass, which makes up by far tiu> lai'ger portion of the sect;t)n, are irrej,nuar and ill-detined ai-eas much richer in tpiartz. These correspond to the lijn;hter colored blotches ii\ the specimen and may represent fornu'r pebbles wliich have been recrystallized and well nijih obliterated l)y the metamorpliism. A small vein of (piartz passes two-thirds of the way across the section and terminates within it. The indications an that the chlorite of this rock has been dei'ived fnmi biotite, and its sericite from felspar, although neither (.f these original constituents is now present. No. .•'.!. FliK'-'jniiiH'i/ U<>nil>l>-ni(i' H'mtitr (,'r'-iori ubl..ndic mck. without any foliation \ isil)le in the small hand specimen. The microscope shows this rock to be a tine evenly gi-anular aggre- gate of felspar, hornblende, biotite and magnetite, which is practically tNo indiciitioii ..f foliation was ohs.-rvcl at this Ideality. 'I'hc rock is .•xtciisivciy cxiiosimI and is all massive.-- K. V>v.\.\.. •ILL -1 APPKNDIX I. 1 K free t'n.iii (iiiartz. The felspar is tor tlic must pjirt unstnuted (whk-li indicates, Itut does not pf,)ve, tluit it is oitiiodase). If analysis should show that ofthoclase were much the more ahiindant felNpar, tiie rock would be more properly t.'rmed a syenite. The jr<'neral character of the rock is, however, rather that of a diorite. liorid)lciide of the usual j,'reen variety, rarely with well-detined crystal form, is ai.undant. Associated with this is consideral)le hiotite. The opatpie iron oxide is surrounded hy leucoxene borders. .\patite needles abound in the felsjiar, and (piartz is only sporadically present. Tlie structur'e of the rock, as .see--, in the section, is <,'ranular, and it is not impossible that it may have originated from the metamorphisni of a basic eruptive eontaininu; i)yroxene, althou;;li no trace of this mineral is now pre.sent- The specimen in conipai'able with Xo. :> (the \;„-k innnediately a.ssociated in the ore of the Co])per Clitl" mine) without, however, ♦here In'iny; hei'e the certain proof of derivation that there exists. No. :}:5. R^n-i/xfiiinzi^'l SinidntoiK'. — The Hill, Sudbui'y Villa,i,'e. A light grey, di.stinctly clastic though thie-grained rock. It has no pronounced cleavage in the hand specini'-n, but is somewhat cxcnlv jointed. The microscope shows this to be a frag lental rock composed mainly of quartz, in which considcralile recrystallization has gone on. (lood sized and (piite irregularly shaped (piarlz grains are imbedded in a Kne- grained mass, which also consists in large jiart of ipiai'tz mingled with some fels]>ar substance. The (piartz fretpiently shows the optical disturl)- ance which is indic.itixc of the action of pressure. ;nid the interlock iui,' of thegi'ains proves that there has been considerable growth or cnl.n yement since dep(tsitioii, C'hloiite has l)een extensively developed in the matrix of this roi'k. The only other minerals not ii cd were magni-tite in minute specks and an occasional gi'ain of zircon. A (piartz \ein of small dim> nsions crosses tlie thin section. No. ."M. <<(tnt<'fifi'roiix II(iriilili'ii((r li'xifiti', ^- Anrjfit" (! iiriss. West line of the township of Hymaii, one mih' north of S]>anish i\i\cr. This is a normal gneiss, nuirh " stretched," whose d.ii-ker and finer grained portion bends around elongated len.ses or "eye.s," composed e.ssentially of (piartz. Minute crystds of wd garnet are .ibuiuiant, particularly around the edges of the (piartz leases. The microscope sh(»ws the lenses oi' "eyes"' of this specimen to l)e composed almost exclusi\('ly of large interlocking <|Uartz grains, w liicli bear witness by their undulatory extinction to the action of great pressuic. The mass of the I'ock which encloses these lenticular areas is an aggregate of felspar (both orthoclase and plagioclase) quartz, l)io- tite, hornblende, garnet, and iron oxide. Tlu^ felspar, (piartz and 7l> K tiK()l,(l(iI('\I, SIKVKV (IK CANADA. l)i<)tite present ii<> iitruliaiitics wmtliy «il' note. Tin- Imr iiUlende is intensely tricliroic. as follows : a i)!ile yellow ; i) very diirk yellowisli- j^reen : f b > fl- 1^ oeeiifs iii iri'cjiiilar patches or in prismatie crystalloids, associated with the liiotitc in matted a,i,'i,ne«,'ates. it has evidently ori<,'inate(l /// situ. Tlie ^'ariiet is in ^'ood sized ;iraiiis or Imperfect dodecahedral crystals in the matrix of the rock. It also occurs in very minute, l>ut very imperfect dodei'ahedrous in the tpiartz of the "eyes." The structure of this rock is ^'raiudar as far as its (luail/ and felspar are concerned, and shows tlie elVrct of pressure in the crushin;-- of its ^'rains. The interlacing,' or mend)ranous (Germ., tlaserij,') .sti'ucture characteristic of a jiiieiss is imi)artei! altogether hy the ari'anj,'ement of its nnca and hornhlende. The recrystal!izati(.n of all the comi)onents of this rock has l)een so comjilete that it i-an now only lie spoken of as a gneiss. There is nothinu' in its structure to indicate wiiether it has heen produced by dynamic met;unorphism fr nr /Jid/xim' {'!)-- N'ermiHon ndne, shaft No. 2, Denison. A ]iale ,u;rev conijiact even-j,nainee rock has been tpiite oi)literated. 'i'liis speci- men is comparable with \o. 10 from the same locality, of which it se(»nis to repres{ ;it a much more altered form. It is of course inij)ossil)le to say in such an altere(| rock what its original form was. but thei'c is little doulit that it r'e|)rt'.sents the remains of some basic eru])ti\e (eithei' dial)ase or <;abbro). Frt)m analogy with Xos. ."> ;ind lO we may say that the choice is perhaps in fa\(>r of y.Mbbro, 'i'lie pyroxene of the oriiiinal rock has ;4'i\en rise to the chlorite and biotite : the fel.sjiar, to the sericite, caicite and ({uartz. The iron oxi tliickly scattcn-il tliniui,'li the rock In \ciy Hue j,'raiiis. ■ U. I!. 7\ K (iKOM)fJICAr. HUHVKV OK CANADA. ism ill till' clfdva^'c (liifctiniis ot" tlifsc iiiinerHlH. Tlic only otlit-i- I'oiistitiU'iitrt visible uiuUt the nuLToHcopt' are (|Uiirtz, mid iliuoiiite Hurrouiiileil by veins of spliene (leii'-nxene). < )t' the oriyiii of this nick we nin say not hi nj,' now with (;eitainty. It may well have resulted from the extreme metamoriiiiism of some Itasie eru[)tive, hu* from a small H|)eeimen like this it is unsafe to draw any such loiuliision. 'Phi' felspathie vein is a mueh eoarser a;,';/ie;;fite of (piartz, ortlioulase and pla<,'ioi.'Iase with a little ;,'reeii liornMeiide. The felspar has many minute horiihleiide needles seeondarily developed in it, hut etherwise the roek ajtpeais like a fresh jfranite. No. H. h'>cri/Mfiif/lzM Arkosf. -Quarter of a mile north-west of Copper Clitl' mine. A f^rey roek enclosiiij>/ii/n' TnJ'*. Lowest falls of the Onaiiinj^ River. This dark compact rock is crowded with li<,diter-coloit'(l patches, which at first "fiance seem to resembl<> [xirphyritic crystals. .V closei- examination, however, .shows that they pos.se.ss extremely irrei,'ular outlines which are inconsistent with such an hy[)othesis. Under the microscope the real character of this unusual rock is at once apparent. It t'onsists of volcanic eject.anienta i i the form of <,'laas fraiiiiients of all shapes and sizes, as.soijiated with .some crystals or crystal fia<-nients (Fi<,' 0). Some of t!ie ir mi tlic Siidimry nicks. (/. r. p. 40.) ■ , APHKNUIX I. 7") K Di'igiiiiil t'diiM lit' tilt' idi'U. Ill s|>it»' tit' till' ruck Imsiii;; uiwv lit't-ii jtriiicijHilly tii it'|ilfu'»'(l filniiist »'iitir»'ly li.v finely frystHlliiu* chali Kloiiie (Umitz. Tilt' cavities in the puniice have heen filled with the same .substance. Some itf the ciystals are iiuinded ^{fains (if liiii|)id iiuait/ without any iniiiurity or coin|)osite cjiaractei'. In one of the speci- iiieiis there is a lai'fie crystal of fresii felspar, pre.'- 'iitiiij^ j^listeninj? vleavuge surfaceH, l)ut this mineral is exceptional and does not apjiear in either of tlie thin sections. Ill an appendix to a paper hy Dr. Hell, read lufore tiie (ieolo^^ical Sticiety of America, ."Ust I)eceinl)er, IS90, the present writer says: " In a hand >}ieciiiien this rocU presents a liearly black felsitic matrix, in which are embedded sharply anij;ulfir or sli;,'litly rounded fraf,'ments, \aryinj.; from I,', cm. in diameter downwards to ultra-microscopic dimensions. 'Pliese frattments are iii,diter in color than the matrix, but dith'r considerably aiimiii,' themselves in their tint, .structure and c( imposition. The majority resenilile chalcedony in appearance, others are .ufieenish, while .some of the larj^est fra<;ments are now replaced l)y a sin<,de calcite individual. Occasional small !j;rains of clear vitreous (|uart/, may also be detected, while siiecks of magnetic pyrites (pyrrlio- tite) are everywhere aliundant, Many of the anj,'ular frajiiuents show distinctly under the lens a flow or \e.sieular structure, which is still more apjiarent in a thin section of the rock wlu-n seen under the microscope. FliilHK ti. Section of silieitifil (ilass-liirwiii tir N'itniiiliyif Tiitf. Xo, 4'J. 76 F fJKOLO(iI('AL SrUVKY OI' lANADA. "The iippearance of this roc-k wlicii viewed witli a low nia^niifying power ( X' 1*0 dianieteris) is shown in tlie aueonipanyini;' ti^fure 6, for which I am in(lel)te(l to the skill of Mr. Chai'les H. Iveyes, Fel'- w in Oeology Jit the .Johns Kojjkius Unisei'sity. "The fi'a<,'nu'nts, even down to those of the smallest dimensions, have the angular form eharacteristie of glass sherds produeed hy explosive erujttions. The larger fragment in the lower pait of the tigui'e is finely \esit;ular, while the one above is more coarsely so. The How structui'e is as perfectly marked hy sinuous lines of gloi)ulites and microlites, which tei'minate aiirujitly against the hi-oken edge of the glass ])article, as ill the most recent vitrophyre. Minute spots of opatiue pyrrhotite are scattered thi'oughout the section. The gi'ound-mass is of a dark ct lor, owing to the massing in it of minute hiack glohulite.s, to whose nature the highest magnifying power gives no clue. " Unfortunately, no* analysis of this interesting rock has as yet been made. Between crosseti ^Nicols it is seen to be made up largely of chalcedonic (|uart/., which has changed the easily destructible glass into a sort of jasper, t'hloiite is idso abundant, frecpiently arranged as a border of radiating scales ai'ound the edges of the fragments, so as to coat them green in the hand specimen. 'I'he larger grains are always a tine mosaic of interlocking ijuartz, but some of the smaller ones are composed of a unit individual of cleiir \itreous (piart/. The only other minerals which could l)e identitied in the .section are calcite and a few grains of a glassy, sti'iated felds))ai'. The pi'esence of this latter min- eral is \cry noteworthy, as we should expect it to ha\f disappeared tluring the vicissitudes through which this rock has j>a.sse(l. " After a careful study of this rock I tiiid it possible only to inter- pret it ;is a remarkable instance of a xcry ancient volcanic glass- breccia, preserved thi-ough the luckv accident of siliciticatioii. Xor did this process go un, as is usual, thi'ough devitrification and loss of structure, l)ut rathei- like the gi-adual replacemeiil of many silicitied woods, whose every minute detail of stnu'ture is preserxcd. The rarity of such rocks in the earth's oldest formations is readilv intelligible, liut for this \ciy reason the exceptional preservation of a idck like this is all the inITin;uiii liiis mufic an Mnilly^ are also present m considerable amount. This rock, although a typical gabbro, is unusually acid, and appi'oaches in its quartz and zircon to theaugite granites. No. -17. (;ninlf>' ( Microj)fgmarate and individual yrains may also be found. The feiro-magnesian silicate is biotite, now considerably altered. A little light given hornblende is also present, but this, like the chlorite, seems to be of secondary origin. Apatite is al)undant in shai'}) acicular crystals, some of which have attained an extraordinary length. No. 48. Ofiviw Dinhafif'.-Aiv^iit Dyke, ■")th Portage, Si)anish River. A medium graine.. -Cliff on Colonization Roa.l, half a ndle north-west or hudl)urv. Pale grey comjjact felsite. _ The microscope shows this rock to be a medium sprained n.osaic of interlocKing quart, and felspar individuals, with which are associated a small amount of biotite, magnetite and minute highly .'efractive epxl'.te (?) granules. All the constituents are <,uite fresh, although the felspar shows an incipient stage of kaolinizati..n. The grain is not en- tirely even, nor are there any distinctly iM.rphyritic crystals j.resent It IS not impossible that the rock may be of clastic origin, but if it is recrystallization has progress.'d s,, far as toobliter-ite all certain traces of its original structure. No. .'?8. J'orphnrifir DmIhm' or Du,/>a.s,;-/'ar///,>/nf,'. (IHke) Nach- vak, Labrador. A dark gr<'en .•••mpa.-t and massive rsents the edge of the dyke, and from this the grain can be dis- tinctly seen to grow coaivser as we pa.ss to the opposite side of the specimen. The miscniscope shows that, in spite of considerabi,' alteration, the original comi)osition and stiiuture of this rock are still plainly recog- nizable. artial ill the ease (if the larj^er })oi'i>liyritie pyroxene erystals, so that a lar^e core of unaltered mineral remains at thes centime (Fig. 7). In the case FlclHK. 7. Section of .siHJciiiicii 8S, from ii ilyki! at Xiiclivak, Lahiwior. I'oriiliyritic diabase or diabase jioriiliyritc, shouiutr an nnakcrcd core of jiyroxenc in a crystal wliicli lias been |ii'rii>lierally changed to licinblende. of the finer pyroxene of the ground-mass, however, the change tohorn- hlendehas been comj)lete. Accompanying this development of secondary hond)lende, there has been some little biotite also foi'med. The felspar has itself suffered little alteration, although vei-y delicate honil)lende needl(!s ha\e also Iteen dexcloped in it. The opaipie iron ore (ilmenite) is extremely changed to leucoxene. winch surrounds it as a border, when the grain of the original mineral h;is not been entirely replaced. Twinning jiai'allel to the oi'thopinacoid is a very common featurt; in the original augite of this rock. No. .'59. ]'in-ln/l/<- (S/i/iirii/ific /)iiil>(i' shows this specimen trulites, whit'h ai'c characteristic of rocks .] APPENDIX I. 81 whose solidification has been rapid. Such spherulitic aggre.<^ations, while universally distributed through the acid rocks, are exceptional in those of basic composition. Nevertlieless, they have been described from the edge of diabase areas in Baviu-ia, Saxony, Savoy, Piedmont, Russia and Great Britain. This specimen of variolite from Hudsc.n Bay has suffered total alter- ation of all its original mineral components, and yet enough of its original structure has been preserved to place its true character beyond reasonable doubt. The main mass of this rock is now a nnitted aggre- gate of secondary hornblende flakes and fibres, together with epidote, ciilorite and a little quartz. There are, however, still recognizable tracer, of the former structure, for the narrow laths of felspar have fretiuently left their outlines where their substance has wliolly dis- appeared. The outlines of the former porphyritic crystals are in the main quite sharp. From their shape they appear- to have been largely olivine, although they ai-e now all replaced by an aggr^'gate of serpen- tine, chlorite and epidote. The oval patches of a lighter color appear in the thin section as cloudy and almost opaque areas. They are also composed largely of secondary hornblende, chlorite and epid(,te, but through them run the lighter, more or less radiating K.ies representing the former felspar crystals, whose arrangement is ([uite characteristic of the spherulites or " varioles " of the PJuropean varieties. No. 43. Hornhhndic Pyroxenito, in process of alteration to talc (steatite). Near Skynner's Cove, Nachvak, Labrador. A dark massive rock of trappean aspect, but noticeably soft and easily scari-ed white by even a slight scratch. This specimen is of very exceptional interest, both on account of its original peti-ographical character, and also because of its alteration, the process of which is admirably shown in the thin .section. The rock was once an evenly gianuiar aggregate of enstatite, diallage, hornblende and magnetite.* The first named of these constituents'^il by far the most abundant and it has succundred to an extensive altera tion into a finely matted aggregate of talc scales. This same alteration hiuj also gone on, although to a much less extent in the hornblende and also to a still smaller extent in the diallage (Fig. S). Tt is analoi^ous to the altei-ation of the enstatite fi(,m Baiiile, Norway, to talc, so i'ully figured and described by vom Rath and i'.r-cigger (Monatslr'er. Ber-1. Akad. Wiss., Oct., 1876, and Zeitschrift. fiir Kryst. 1. p. 18.) The enstatite has very pale colors in the thin section, but Iras its char'actei'istic jileoc hroism ; a. reddish ; I), yellowish to color-le.ss ; c. * It is, tlicreforo a hornblondie vanV-ty of the rock-tvp.. for uliidi tlie wntur h'ls migf^estwl tlui name Wel)Hterite. Am. (ieologist, July, ISito. G I « > 82 F GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OP CANADA. I J pale greenish. Tt also shows parallel extinction and all the other proper- ties of an orthorhonibic mineral, together with the rectangular cleavage of pyroxene in cross sections. Tt no longer has its original form, but now exists only as irregularly shaped cores in the midst of the talc which has taken its place. FlOURK 8. Section of specimen 43, from near Skynner's Cove, Nachvak, Labrador. Horn- blendic pyroxenite in process of alteration to talc. a. Hypersthene or enstatite. b. Hoinblende. c. Talc. (/. Magnetite, c. Diallage. The hornblende is next to the enstatite in abundance. Tt has all the pi'operties of an original component. Tt is compact and with its usual optical orientation and [)leochroism : n. smd I), pale yellow ; f .green. Its alteration to talc is as yet comparatively slight. The monoclinic pyroxene, recognized by its high extinctive angle, is nearly colorless and devoid of all pleochroism. Tts amount is relatively small and it is the best preserved of all the constituents. The opa(|ue iron ore in this lock occupies a very pronunent place. Tt is in irregular grains, some, times of rounded form, and is either compact f)r porous. The magnet shows it to be magnetite. The talc scales are usually arranged radially about these gi-ains. The rounded contours of the largest and least solid of tlu^ magnetite ai'eas, suggest that they may represent a replace- ment of olivine, but no certain traces of this minei'al now exist in this rock. APPENDIX 11. LEVELS OF LAKES ABOVE THE SEA. The following are the approximate elevations above the sea, of the more important lakes shown on the map accompanying this report. In the case of lakes lying close to the Canadian Pacific Railway, the levels have been ascertained by direct c«)mparison with some point on the line, but where the distance was considerable, the altitude of the lake was determined by barometric readings relatively to the railway, except, that of Onaping Lake, which was derived from a comparison of the mean of twelve barometric readings with the average reading at the sea level in the same month. The heights of the lakes in the nt rth-eastern part of the sheet are deduced from the observations of the late Mr. Alex. Murray and myself, checked by the level of the railway at Wahnapitai station. The names of the lakes are given in alphabetical order. Ft'Ct above sea level. Bannermau Lake l 270 Barlow (near W. end of Lake Nipissing) 650 Campbell do 645 Crooked or Crab (near Cartier Station) 1,348 Elbow (in Township 45) 678 Fairbank, or Washaigamog 867 Geneva 1^345 Koo-ka-gaming 879 Maskinonge-wagaming 800 Matta-gamashing 866 Ma-zin-in-waning, or Vermilion 786 Murray (W. of Sturgeon River) 774 Nipissing 6;59 Ni-ta-wa-gami or Whitewater 8.35 Onaping 1,417 Onaping, Lower Lake 1,410 Panache 772 Pogamasing 1181 Ramsay 820 Red Deer 685 Round 780 Straight 1,335 Vermilion, or Ma-zin-in-waning 786 Wahnapita' 845 Washaigamog, or Fairbank 867 Wash-ki-gamog 788 Whit^-water, or Ni ta-\va-gami 835 Windy, or Ma-ko-ping 1,060 84 F r.EOLOOICAL aunVEY OP CANADA. 1-i: Litst of Elevations on the Canadinn Pacific Railnmjj'nnn a point Fifty- ttvo (,5;.^) mileii ivet72 (i75 670 (;6H (i(i3 (;64 662 (;62 662 (163 (i65 667 670 669 670 673 674 (i93 699 714 729 740 766 823 847 847 818 788 77" 77(> 776 Miles West of Callander. 87 88 89 !M) 91 Romford St. 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 Sudbury St. 99 100 101 102 Murray Mine. 103 104 105 10(> 107 108 109 110 Chelmsford St. Ill 112 113 114 115 116 Bridge across Ver- milion River. Larchwood St. 117 IIH 119 Eleva- tion above Sea. 784 812 812 796 810 8.35 831 8,53 833 838 838 882 842 840 8,')6 906 954 976 975 949 895 871 875 879 878 881 876 876 883 877 872 865 865 858 858 860 8(i7 884 9:?1 Miles West of Callander. Eleva- tion above Sea. 120 960 121 996 122 1037 On )ing St. 10.50 123 1075 124 1097 125 1145 126 1202 127 1219 128 1257 129 1292 130 1349 1,31 1360 132 1370 133 1351 CartierSt. 1356 134 13()4 135 1345 136 1349 137 1359 1.38 1364 139 1343 140 1289 141 1258 142 1261 143 1292 144 1340 Straight Lake St. 1.335 145 13.36 146 1311 147 12.59 148 120(5 149 1202 1.50 1156 151 11.50 152 1145 1,53 1144 Pogamasinr St. 1144 154 1140 155 11.50 ^•J api'kxdix 11. Sault Htk. Marik Branch. So F MiU'H WfNt I'llevii- Miles West 1 I'lleva- of Hudlmry. tiou iil)ove Sea. of Sudlinry. tion ii1m)V(^ Sen. Sudbury St. 840 17 777 1 H.'U 18 704 2 HL".) Wliitefisli St. 701 3 ,S28 Ill 785 Copper Cliff St. )i32 20 810 4 ,S.S(! 21 822 5 84H 22 803 6 857 S 705 7 848 24 7tll 8 84H Wortliiugtou St. 750 » 7!)2 25 75(1 10 7H'A 211 7.M8 11 7S() 27 710 Naughtoii St. 78() 28 085 12 77it 2!t 705 13 787 30 071 14 775 31 70(1 15 705 32 718 1(> 770 Nelson St. 702 Bridge across Ver- 33 705 milion River. 771 34 704 Miles ".Vest of Siidi)ury. 35 3(1 37 Kleviv- tioii aJKive Sea. 690 646 020 Bridge aerossSpan- isli River. 020 ■M (171 3!) 077 40 071 Stanley St. 000 41 00!) 42 003 43 603 44 682 45 667 40 679 47 606 48 042 Wehhwood St. 043 40 022 50 046 APPENDIX III. REPORT BY ir. H. LYMAX, M.A., OF MONTREAL OX LEI'IDOPTEHA COLLECTED BY I)l{. R. J5KLL TNTHK COUNTRY NORTHWAIIJ) OK LAKE HURON. These spedmens were taken in diffeient years by l)v. F.ell nvA euihrace seventy-three (7:}) species „f the ..nier. xMost cf them were unfortunately in poor condition, and henec; several species could iK.t be determined with certainty, while some ..f the specimens were quite undeterminable. Havui- been collected for the i)urpose of identitica- tion only, few of them were pi'eserveo in such a way us to l)e of value for museum pui-poses. The species of nc st interest is Ca'mm>/m/>/H> hiornnfa, Edw., des- cribed from the neighbourhood of Like Winnipe) Siiaiiisli RivtT, Montreal River. July and August. A. AtlantiH, Edw. Sault Ste. Marie. June, .July and August. One specimen is a lieriiia|)lit()(lite. A. .Ut/rlnii, CVani. (I) Sault Ste. .Marie. .July and August. A. Chdrirhd, Sclineid. (4) Spanish Hixcr. .July. A. BpJlonn, Fai). Lake Teniiscauiing. July. I'hifi-ioih'tt Xycfeis, Doub.-Hew. (2). Sault Ste. Marie. July. /'. 77mnw, Druiy. (8) Sault Ste. Afai-ie, Spanish Rivei-. July. (f'rapttt Ftntniis, VaUv. iNJontreal Hiver. (-J) Lake Teniagami. (4) Vermilion llivei'.. August and Scptend)er. ^'. /'ror/tir, Cram. Vermilion Lake. July. Vmipum AnfiojMt, Linn. (•_') Lake Teniagami, Vermilion Rivei-. August and Sept<'nd)('r. Viiiicsxd J. Af/unn, Bd. Lee. Lake Temaganii. River. (4) Echo Lake (2) Montreal River. and September. V. Milherti, Godt. (.3) Sault St. Marie. .July. Pi/rfiiiii'is Afahinfa, Linn. (2) Sault Ste. Marie, P. Cardni, Linn. (2) Sault Ste. AJarit. July. P. Huntpva, Fab. Sault Ste. Mai-ie. July. Limetiifi.n Artlii'iiiis, Di'ury. (2) Lake Temiscaming. (2) Sault Ste. Marie. June and July. Xecuij/Dtphii (.'tt)if/uis, l>d.-Lec. Sault Ste. Marie. July. CoiK)ni/inj>/i((. /viini(if(i, Edw. (4) Sault Ste. Marit\ .June 28th, July Sth. Safi/rm Xepheh, Kirby. Georgian Hay. (2) La Cloche. August. TliPi'ln Sfrupmt, Harris. Wahnapitu' Ijake. .Vugust ITtli. C/irijsop/uniiix Tli. .July. C. Iliipnplilcnx, Rd. (2) Lake Temiscaming. Little Current. {■\) Sault Ste. Mai'ie. July, August and Sei)teml)er. Lyiuvna ? Sp. undeterminable. Sault Ste. Marie. .Iun('2Sth. Pnmphila J'i'rJnvx, Kirby. Sault Sle. Marie. June. /'aiiip/ii/n ? Sp. iiii(leterniinal)le. Sault Ste. Marie. End of August. P. Jfijsflc, Edsv. (2) Sault Ste. Marie. .June and July. J\ Cernex, Bd.--Lec. (2) Sault Ste. Marie. July. Xindniitdpx 1 S]). undciterminable. La Cloche. August. Deilephila Lineata, F. (2) Michipicotfm. August. Julv. July. •] AI'PKXKIX HI. !>.• V Ctmnchn Virylnlfd, C'liur|i. S.-iult Stc. Miuic. .Iiiiif .UJtli, Litliitxitt /tirn/nr, (Jrotf. \Vuiiii!i|>itic Uivci August Kith. HnphinifMSii Miiiil'ivii, \\';ilk, ("3) Siiiili Sti'. Mari''. ..'iilv. Cruco/it - t Mattiiwa. .Iul\ 1 Itli. ('. Jilililrniit/ariii, l{n\»i. Siuilt Stc, Marie. .Inly. An-fid SiiiiiK/crsi', iirolr. (icorjLfian Uiiy. Auj^u.st. J. I'hiiUlrii, Dniiy. Nnir IJi'ikh- Miiu's. .Auifust (itli. Ai/rofis .yDrniiiin'iUKi, iUxti'. Mattawa, .Iiiiv. J. //(iriin/iiai, (Ui)lt: Mattawa. 'luly lUli. .1. y /m! fon, }{i)ti. Sault Stc. Marit'. .July. A. Sdiii'iii, Hiibn. SuultStc. Marie .limr lltli. Miiiiifxlrx Ftc/^f/, ('I'ote. Mattawa. .Inly. Sc(ifi(>)>f('ri/.f /jUtotrii; \Anu. Fjakc 'rcmiscamiiii.'. .Inl\-. Lif/iDp/iiiiir I'f.iditt, (Ir'utc. l'|>]it'i' Ottawa iJivcr, St'|iti'iiil)fr. iMf'tin Aryilhtc ssii Liihrifd/is, iicy. Mattawa. .Iiilv I rtli. A'/)lz<'n.ri,n ^Knnila, Hubii. Vcriniliuii i{iver. Aii,i,'iist. K. Aiiin-ic(t/ls, (jiu'ii. Mattawa. July. Entrdpfhi TrtiiisrirKKfd, J)i'ury. Mniitrt>al IJixcr and Tidiit Hiver to the north of it. Au;,nist. E. Tratixrt'i'sdfd, Di'ui-y, \'ar. Vcniiilion Hivci-. Sc]»t('iiil)(>i'. Thf'rhdi Fi'rnddfid, lluhii. (•_') Moiitival |{i\('f. .Aiii^nist iuli. Slcyd M(d'idnria, Hai'J'is. La ('loclic. 'Inly. An(/f'i'ou(t CrtKwi'dfid, Kah. Saidt Stc. Marie .luly. Corycia Vesfdfinfa, (Uicii. Sault Ste. Marie. .July 2n(l. C. ScmicldTdtd, Walk. Sault Stc. ^faric. .fuiic .'^Otli. Seniiot/iixd (irutiildfii, (!utMi. N'cnnilion Jliver. Auifu.st. ('horn Pulchrarid, Miuot. Montreal River, Auffust Dtli ; {'!) Oiuipiiiji^ Lake, September 1 Itli. Ti-ljihoxd Dh ntdfd, Stepli. Near < )iiapiiij; Lake, ScptHUibcr Township of Levaek, October. lilifunmiitfi'd Uddiujnldto, Haw. Sault Stc. Marie. .Jul v. R. I/nsfdfd, Linn. (L') Sault Ste. Marie, .luly. /Ji/dnoiid")id Soniiiidfd, Fab. Vai\ (>ldiicdtd. Pack. Sault Ste. Marie. July. Salebria Fusca, Haw. Sault Ste. Mai'ic. .Jul v. 7 APPENDIX IV. MEANINGS OF INDIAN GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES IN THE COUNTEY AROUND SUDBURY. Daring the progress of our surveys and explorations, care was taken to obain from the local Indians the meanings of their geo- graphical names us far as they were able to give them. My own knowledge of the Ojibw^ or Otchipwai language enabled me to verify these in most cases. But all the translations in the following list have been submitted to Mr. Eobert Ross, of Naughton, and Professor John Galbi'aith, C.E., of Toronto, both of whom have a knowledge of this language. Some of these names have the Cree rather than the Ojibwd form, from which it appears probable that the Crecs, who now inhabit the country around James' Bay, may have atone time extended further south. The meanings of these Indian names are often obscured by contractions, which are very common in the Ojibw^ dialect, and also by corruptions that have crept in by carelessness and have been adopted by the Indians themselves. The spelling in common use is given with the addition, in some cases, of what is believed to bo the correct form. In the pronunciation, it is to bo understood that the value of the letters is the same as in French, which gives the sound much more correctly than by using the English pronunciation. Most of the Indian geographical names are in the locative form, so that at or the place of is to be under- stood in addition to the interpretation given in this list. The names are in al[)habetical order. Ashigan-ipoon-sap-agaming — The lake where nets are set for bass in winter. — A lake just south of Koo-ka-gaming Lake. Ka-bi (or pi)-to-ti-tw' a— The stream having the same course as (or continuing the course of) anothei- stream ; or it might, in other cases, mean the stream parallel to another stream. — A branch of Sturgeon River from the west in townships 25 and 23, which has the same course as the stretch of the latter just below it. Ku-kake-shi-wiwh-ta-gwa-ning— The cormorant's hiad.— A rock forming part of the cliffs on tho west side of Onaping Lake, a short distance north of Proudfoot's lino, Ka-min-i-tilv-wia-kwuk— River having many islands,— A stream in the township of Morgan. 8 92 APPENDIX IV. Ka-si-s^-gan-da-ga-wonk — Where there are spruces. — A lake west of upper Vermilion lliver and near Proudfoot's east-and-west line. Ka-wa-wi-ai-gama — The round lake. — Situated east of the outlet of Onaping Lake. Ka-wa-sa-ski (or hi)-gama — The lake of bays. — A lake on a small river of the same name which flows into the upper Vermilion from the west. Ka-wak-won-<5-ka-gama — Luke where tripe de roche is plentiful. — Situated a sliort distance west of Upper Vermilion Eiver. Kin-ni-wabik — (Golden) eagle's rock. — A lake in the south- eastern part of Lcvack, which the surveyors have called " Moose Luke." Kitchi-raish-kwis — Big grass. — A bi'anch of Vermilion Eiver from the north. Kino-gami — Long lake. — Between Lake Panache and WahnapittB Station on the Canadian Pacific Eailway. Koo-ka-gaming — Owl lake. — A lake nine miles long, situated a short distance east of Wahnapitic Lake. Ma-ko-ping — Contraction for bear lake — literally, bear's water. — The aboriginal name I'oi- the sheet of water which has been re- named " Windy Lake," on the line of the Canadian Pacific Eail- way norlh-west of Sudbury, Mat-ta-ga-ma-shing — A contraction for Mat-ta-wa-ga-ma-shing — The meeting of the waters — literally, the place where the lakes meet together. — At tiiis sheet of water two arms meet and into each of them a canoe-roule falls. A lake laying just east of \Vahnapila> Lake. Maskin-onge-wit-gaming — Big pike l:ike. — Between Sturgeon Eiver anil Wahniipitio Lake. Ma/.-in-in-waning — The pictured water. — So called from the re- flection of the land^caj)e on the calm water in the summer evenings. Situated in the townshij) of Fairbank. The sur- veyors re-named it "Vermilion Lake." Ministik (Sa-kuh-i-kun) — Island lake (Cree). — A lake on the town-line between Ermatinger and Cascaden. Miska-wi-ko-bang — I'laco of the rushes. — A lake about ten miles north of the township of Lumsdcn. Muck-a-tai-wa-gaming — Black lake. — On the east side of the Whitetish Indian reserve. *¥ -■> 4 + -t I •] APPENDIX IV. 93 Na-mai-gu8 (or goos) — Trout (the large grey or lake trout). — A lake cast of Onaping Eiver. Ni-iiips-ka- ;araing (or Ni-bish-i-ka-gaming) — Leafy lake — The source of Vermilion Eiver. — Situated a short distance east of Onaping Lake. Nipissing — A contraction for A-nib (or nip)-i-sing — The place of elms. Or, possibly, it may mean the little lake — as compared with Lake Huron. — Lake at the head of Fi ^ch Eiver. Nita-wa-gami — Lake where the stream is born — A lake in the northern part of Snider. Ee-named Whitewater Lake by the survej-'ors. 0-na-ping. — Maybe a contraction for O (or wun)-num-un-a-ning — Cree for red paint or " vermilion " place. Perhaps the reason why the river from the junction of this stream with what the Indians call the Onwatin, has received the name of Yermilion Eiver, is to be traced to this meaning. Onaping might also be a contraction for Oo-na-min-a-ping — place of gooseberries, Oo-na-min beiig the word for the fruit we call gooseberries in the dialect of the Crees around James' Bay, although shabomin is the name of these berries in the Ojibw^ dialect. On-wa-tin — Calm or smooth — literally no wind. — A lake on the Vermilion Eiver, regarded by the Indians as the source of the main river, which is known among them by the same name. Pawa-tik, or Pow-a-tik— Eapid.— A small river which flows through township GG. Piiy-pun-aka-mas-kik — Probably a conti'aotion for Pay-i-pa-pun- aka-mas-kik. Where the sun shines out upon the other side, or there is a glint of sunshine over on the other side of the water. — A lake between the Onaping and upper Vermilion Eiver. Tts northern extremity touchos Pioudfoot's east-and- west line. Pi-mitchi-wan-ga (or ka) — Pr()bal)ly for Pi-midgi-i-wan-ka — Place of running water. — A lake on the upper Vermilion Eiver. Ping-wi-i-min-ka-ni-wi (sipi) — Sand-cherry river with the two branches. — A small river flowing into the township of Morgan. Po (or pa)-gania-sing — A contraction for either Opa-gama-sing, Lakcof-the-narrows orPa-gwa-gama-sing, shallow lake. Lake of the Shallow Norrows would be an appropriate name. — A lake ten miles long, situated just west of Spanish Eiver, opposite the station of the same name on the Canadian Pacific Jlailway, 94 APPENDIX IV. Sa-ga-mook — The Peninsula. — The name of an Indian village situated at a peninsula on the north shore of Lake Huron a few miles west of La Cloche. Sagitchi-wai-a-ga-mog — Lake with the hills where the water goes out. Sagitchi is a single particle and means out of, or out from, and wai is a contrivction for wai-tchu, a hill. — A lake situated just north of the township of Lumsden. Schkow-a-na-ning (for Wa-ska-wa-naning). — The place of the turn (in the canoe-route). A lake east of Onaping Eiver. Shi-ba-o-na-ning — The channel. — The original and proper name of a place on the north shore of Lake Huron. Called also " Killarney." Shing-wak— White pine.— A lake a short distance east of Onaping River. Teniagami— Deep lake (in the Ojibwd or Otehipwai dialect). — A lake thirty miles long between the Montreal and Sturgeon Rivers and sending a stream into each. Temiscaming— Deep lake (in the Creo dialect).— On the Ottawa Eiver, where it changes its general course from west to east. Wab-a-gi-(or ki)-zhik— Clear or white sky.— A lake in the southern part of Nairn. Wah-na-pit-a3— More ocrrectly Wa-na-pit-^-(ping), the final syllable being merely locative, as it was formerly s ,'lled upon the maps. The change to the present incorrect forn was intro- duced by the late Mr. Alexander Murray when h. surveyed the lake in 185G, and arose from a misapprehension of the pro- per pronunciation of rhe diphthong to and which, moreover, does not occur at all in the Cree or Ojibw^ language. The accent is on the final 6. The h is the first syllable is unneces- sary, as the a alone is sufiicient, being always prounced soft and long in the Ojibwd language. A return to the proper and simpler spelling would bo v/elcomed by everyone who has occasion to write this name often. The word means hollow (molar) tooth and was probably suggested to the Indians, who are good map-makers, by the fact that the outline of the lake resembles that of a side view of a molar tooth. It is the largest lake on the river of the same name. Wa-na-tanga-(8a-gai-(hi)-gan) -HoUowed-rock lake.— Situated east of Onaping River and north of the township of Levack. Was-ka-gaming, for Oja-wask-ka-gaming— Green or blue lake, these colours having only one adjective to denote then.. Called Lake Panache, (Antler Lake) on the maps. ] APPENDIX IV. 95 Wa-shai-ga-raog — Clear lake. — A lake in the south-west corner of the township of Fairbank. Re-naraed, contrary to the wishes of the natives, " Fairbank Lake." A similar narie with the prefix ka belongs to a lake in township 66. Was-ki-ga-mog — the lake that curves rounrl. — A hook-shaped lake on the Maskinong^ River, not far west of Sturgeon River. We-quet-(8a-gai) (hi)-gan) — Bay lake. — In the township of Erma- tinge^". Wenge-kis-i-naw — Why is it cold? — The name of an Indian, after whom a stream north-west of Morgan, and passing through his hunting ground, is called. Wia-shai-ga-mog — Clear lake. — The same as Wa-sha-ga-mog.