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Les diagrammes suivants iilustrent Ie mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 T | ' ■ i «B i»»«i*«wi^JiiS xa^ i m fi s. -f •'■«-■■'■<' , 'tna the Course afM^,I>AM.VIX^S Voj/a^e ILound it- : Tram 1 6yq ,-tc iS^i . Co 00 .tzcr*!. s •A ^^^ # t- >:•«/» .k»jii 'TJ* Vi A. Jhi, bigirjt \P A lJiiC»K ■..jL^.t ^ntr-g^ :0i •y .t.rHiori^if *jii«"\ .i**^ «iij iiPS ^ :»e v»f « ■o""* i'' •M^ d^ili. 4».m4 I «f sr^Ja ►•C-l/ ar Z^: '*»<: iM^.^fColl I^eclir '^Jace' i/ielttU^. \ r. Captai Oefcril TheC Good Hi 11. The \ of hist and of , theCoi Bya F totiieC III A VC GapcD St. Geor^ together Ea/i'ItM IV. Capt. V. Capt. S pedidon VI. Capt. VIL Mr. ] iairsof tl] IJIttftrated ^ Plants, no G)pper-Pi fVinted fo Crpwn COLLECTION VOYAGES. In Four Volumes. CONTAINING I. Captain William Dampier's VOYAGES round the World : Defcribing particularly) tin Goafts and Iflands in the Eafi and Wefi'hubes. The South-Sta Coafts of Chili» Pmt and Jt§exko. This Countries of Tbnfuith -Aim and Malaua. The Cape of Good Hope, New-Holland, Sec. II. The VOYAGES of Uoun, Wafers Giving an Account of his bein^ left on the Ifihmutdi America^ amoii(|fc the IndUmtp and of their Treatment of him; with a particular Defcriptioti of the Country, &c. Alfo The Natural HiJIory of tbofi Fartt, By a Fellow of the Royal Society. And Davis's Expeditiom to the Golden Mnes. III. A VOYAGE round the World: Containing an Account of Cape. Dampier's Expedition into the South-Seas in the Ship St. George, With his Various Adventures and Eimements* &e* together with a Voyage from the Weft Coaft of Mexico ta Eaft'lndia. By W. F u N N E l L, Mate to Capt. Damfkr. IV. Capt. C o w L E y*s V OYAG E round the Globe. V. Captt. Sh a R p's Journey ovor the Jfthmus of Darienx and Ex- pedition into the South-Seat, VI. Capt. Wood's Voyage through the Streights of Magellan. yiL Mr. R oB E R T s*s Adventures and Suflferings amoneffc the Cbr^ fairs of tlie Levant : His Defcription of the Archipelago Iflands« iSrc, lUttftrated with Maps and Draughts: AKb ftveral Birds, nfliet, and Plants, not found in this Part, of the. World: Curloufly Sngravaion Copper-Plates. :>Mi"j'yn. i t^ted for James and Jo h n Kn a pf on , it. Crown i;i SuPd»r/*s,Chj4rch«.irard, Mpqc 'v.' •; I i I'lW^ • • • The in *• » Pal of one pirn na, % lam Ho} Their - Their . '• . ■'' > ^ E III t 3 ,cv,i;: . . ■ *t f - I ' Th t ■ ■ ' '^" ) ' r ' ■ \ V . ;j ..^. T.-:' ■ ; ■ . Printe ' . . I . ^ ' . 1 - . ' -A^^ v.: ■ Cro ..•I' V •. / -S'. '■>• **^. ANEW VOYAGE ROUND THE WORLD. Defcribing particularly The IJihmm of America^ feveral Coafts and Iflands in the Wefi Indies^ the Illcs of Cape Verde^ the Paflage by Herra del Fuego^ the South-Sea Coafts of Chili y PerUy and Mexico; the Ifle of Guam one of the Ladrones^ Mindanao, and other Philip- pine and Eaft-India Wands near Cambodia^ Chi- na, Formofa, Luconia, Celebes, &c. New-Hol- land, Sumatra, Nicobar Ifles -, the Cape of Good Hope, and Santa Hellena, Their Soil, Rivers, Harbours, Plants, Fruit», Animals, and Inhabitants. Their Cuftoms, Religion, Government, Trade, 6fr. V O L. I. By Capt. WILLIAM DAM PIER. Illuftrated with Maps and Draughts. \ The Seventh Edition, Corrected. LONDON: Printed for James and John Knaptow, at the Crown in St. Paul's Church- Yard. M dcc kkix. m ]' (■ I E J I P B tf it. iionSi \for which In the endeavour try-tnen *, ibat_ may Chooftng I refpeSi to •what It m lefs fen perienced, to be as } vityy in J have I g to compar thetj bee I fome plac yet in di} hardly be (f them^ Voyage he \PdrtSi bo '• I t THE PREFACE. BEfore the Reader proceed any further in the peru- fal of this H^ork^ I muft be/peak a little of his Pa-^ Hence here to take along with him this fieri account tf it. It is compofed of a mixt Relation of Plates and Ac' tions^ in the fame order of time in which they occurred: for which end I kept a Journal of every Day's Ohfervatious. In the Defcription of Places^ their Produff^ &c. / havd endeavoured to give what fatisfa6lion I could to my Cbun-* try-men j tbo* pofftUy to the defcribing feveral things thai may have been much better accounted for by others: Chooftng to be more particular than might be needful, with refpeSi to the intelligent Reader, rather than to omit what I thought might tend to the Information of Perfon$ no lefs fenfible and tnquifttive, tho* notfo Learned or Ex- perienced. For which reafon, my chief Care hath bee» to be as particular as was conjiftent with m>y Intended bro* vity, in fetting down fucb Obfervables as I met with. Nor have I given myfelf any great Trouble fince my Return.^ to compare my Dijcoveries with thofe of others : the ra^ ther, becaufi, fiould it fo happen that I have defcribid fome places, or things which others have done before me^ yet in different Accounts, even of the fame tbints, it catt^ hardly be but there will be fome new Light afforded by each of them^ But after all, conftdering that the main of this Voyage hath its Scene laid in long tracts of the Remoter Part Si both of the Eaft and Weft-Indies, fome of which A 3 very y. ^ r the P REFAC E. veryfeldom viftted by Englilh-wtf», and others as rarely by any Europeans, / may without vanity encourage the Reader to expeSl manv things wholly new to him^ and many others more fully defcribed than be may have feen elfewhere *, for which not only in this Voyage^ tho* it felf of many years continuance, but alfo feveral former long and dijlant Voyages have qualified me. As for the Actions of the Company among whom 1 made the greatefi part of this Voyage, a thread of which I have carried on thro* it, 'tis not to divert the Reader with them that I mention them, much lefs that I take any fleafure in relating them : but for method's fake, and for the Reader's fatisfaSlion % who could not fo well ac- quiefce in my Defcription of Places, &c. fnthout knowing the particular I'raverfis I made amo,;g them j nor in thefe, without an Account of the Concomitant Circum^ fiances: Befides, that I would not prejudice the Truth and Sincerity of my Relation, tho' by Omijftons only. And as for the Traverfes themfelves, they make for the Reader* s advantage, how little foever for mine •, ftnce thereby I have been the better inabled to gratify his Curioftty ; as one who rambles about a Country can give ufually a better account of it, than a Carrier who jogs on tp his Inn^ without ever going out of his Road. As to my Stile, it cannot be expelled, that a Seaman Jhould affe5l Politenefs ; for were I able to do it, yet 1 think I Jhould be little follicitous about it, in a work of this Nature, I have frequently indeed, divejled my felf of Sea-Phrafes, to gratify the Land Reader ; for which the Seamen will hardly forgive me : And yet, pojftbly, IJhall not feem Complaifant enough to the other ; becaufe J Jiill retain the ufe of fo many Sea-terms. I confefs I have not been at all fcrupulous in this matter, either as to the one or the other of thefe ; for I am perfwaded, that if what I fay be intelligible, it matters not greatly in what words it is exprefs'd. For the fame reafon I have not been curious as to the fpelling of the Names of Places^ Plants^ Fruits, Am- at malSf J If' The PREFACE. mill, Sec, Vfbicb in any of tbefi remoter parts are groen at thejleafure of travellers, and vary according to their different Humours : Neither have J confined my feJf to fucb rfames as are given by Learned yiutborf, or fa mucb as enquired after many of tbem. J write for my Countrymetty and have therefore y for the mojtpart^ ufed fucb Names, as are familiar to our Englrfli Seamen^ and tbofe of our Colonies abroadj yet without negleffing others that occurred. As it might fujfice me to have given fucb ^ames and Defcriptions as I could y IJball leave to thofi fif more teifure and opportunity the trouble of comparing tbefe with thofe which other Authors have affigned. 'ithe Reader will find as he goes along^ fome References tp an 4ppendi9C, which I once defigned to this Book *, aSy to a Chapter about the fVinds in different parts of the B^prldi p (^ Vefcription of the ^ay of Campcachy in the Wcft-Indics, where I lived long in a former Voyage ; and to 4 particular Cborogrdpbical Defcription of all the South-Sea Coaft of. America, partly from a Spanifh MS, and partly from my own and other ^travellers Ohferva^ tionsy befi/es tbofe contained in this Book. But fucb an Appendix would have, fwelled it t)oo unreafonably : and therefore t chofe rather to puhlifh it hereafter by itsfelf as tpportuttity fhall ferve. And the fame mufl be faid alfo as to a particular Voyage from Achin in the Ifle of Suma* tra, ^ Tonquin, Malacca, i'^c, which fhould have been infer ted as part of this General one, but it would have been f 09 long, and therefore omitting it for the pre- fnt, I have carried on this, next way from Sumatra to i-ngland ; and Jb made the Tour of the World corre- j^mdent to the Titie. For the better apprehending the Courfe of the Voyage, and the Situation of the Places mentioned in it, I have caufed feveral Maps to be engraven, and fome particular Drau^ts of my own Compofure. Among tbem^ there is in the Map of the American Ifthmus, a new Scheme of the adjoining Bay (?/* Panama and its IJlands, which to fome may feem fuperfiuous after that which Mr. Ring* A 4 ' rofe "V The PREFACE. rofb batb fuhlijhed in the Hijiory of the Buccaneers i and which be offers as a very exa£l Draught, I muft needs difagree with him in that, and doubt not but this which I here publijb will be found more agreeable to that Bay J by one whojhall have opportunity to examine it ; for it is a contra^ion of a larger Map which I took from feve- ral Station in the Bay it felf. The Reader may judge bow well ^ was able to do it, by my fever al Traverfes a- lout it, mentioned in this Book -, thofe, particularly, which are defcribed in the yth Chapter, which I have caufed to be marked out with a pricked Line j as theCourfe of my Voyage is generally in all the Maps, for the Readers more eafy tracing it, I having nothing more to add, but that- there are here and there fame mijlakes made, as to exprejioh, and the like, which avill need a favourable Corre^ionasthey occuf Upon Reading. For injlance, the Log of Wood lying out at fame diftancc from Sides of the Boats defcribed at Guam, and parallel to their Keel , whidh fit diftinc^ tion'sfake I have called the little Boat, might more clearly and properly have been called the fide Log, or by fome fucb Name j for though faftiioned at. the Bottom and Ends Boat-wife, yet is not hollow at top, but folid through-' out. In other places alfo I may not have exprefid my felf fa fully as I ought: But any conftderable Omiffion, that I fhalt recolleSi or be inform* d of, I Jhall indeavottr to make up in thofe Accounts I have yet to publifh % and for any Faults, I leave the Reader to the joint ufe of his Judgment and Candour, V TH E '* ■!? ;ii;^ ..JA §^SSI3S8S|8sS.SSSS§§SilSSSi§8gS jw n*:::n: THE CONTENTS. */y £ Introduction, containing the Author* s Bepar^ turefrom England, into the Weft Indies and the South-Scas» to thstitne of his leaving Capt. Sharp. 'hap. I. His Return out of the South-Seas, to his Land-, ing at (he l&hrriMs (^ Amcrkit. II. His Return by Land over the Ifthmus. in. His Traverfis a*nong the Weft-India IJlands and CoafiSi' and Jr^iM in Virginh. [V. His departure for the South-Seas again ; his touch-., ingat'ihe IJlands of Cape Verd, and the African Coaft^ and Arrival at the l/le of John Fernando in the South- Seas'. . . His Courfe thence- northward, to the IJles Lobos and Galkpiagos, /b Caldera Bay^ Reo Leja, and Ama- p^Xhtn the KofM^xicQ, ^. 'He goes back towards Peru, to the ^„ .^W . Cape , Qowntesl %. He Jiandi over to /^f fouthern.OceanTo'* /^^ Eaft- Indies, and arrives at Guam, vne of the Ladronc IJles. XI. His arrival at Mindanao, one[ of the Philippine IJlands : and of Ms Natural State,' XII. The Political Statt of Mmdsinio." Xill. Occurrences during the yiuthor'sftay at Mindanao. XIV. He departs towards Manila, in the IJle of Luco- nia ; touching at Bat IJland and the IJle of Mindora, and leaving LuGonia, he goes to Pulo Condore, ion the Coaji of Cambodia, to Pidlo Uby^ in the Baj^fi _ Siam, , XV. He goes to the IJland of St. John on the Codfi of\ China, to the IJles FKcdidorts near Formofs,. i and the Bafliee, or 5 IJlands, between Formofa and Lti- conia, called Orange, Monn^iQuth, Grafton, Ba- fhee, and Go2Lt IJles* XVI. He Coafis along the Eafl-Jidf of Luconia, Min- danao, and other of the Philippines: and totiching at the I. Celebes, and CallafuUing in the I. of Boiu- ton, he arrives at "Ntw-Hdlhnd. XVII. He goes thence^ touches at the I. Tri(^,. and another ; andjleering along the fFeJl-CoaJi of Suma- tra, arrives at the 7. of Nicobar, where be Jiayf a- fiorcy and the Ship departs, ' ' ^ ' XVIII. He Jlands over from thence in an open Boat to Paflange Jonca » ana thence to Achin ; and after fe- veral fraverfes comes to Bencouli, all on the L 0] Sumatra. i \ii^/ XIX. He Jhips himfelf for England, and arrivei at the Cape of Good Hope. XX. His departure thence to the IJland, Santa Hellena, and Arrival in the Downs. Captain 'the Author^ s Departure from England. i the Ladrone ^ Philippine |Capt. Wl L L I A M Da M P I E R'x V;OYAGE R O U N D T H E TERRESTRIAL GLOBE. The Introduction. Tie Authors Departure from England, and Arrival in Jamaica* His firfi going over the Ifthmus of America in- to /;5^ South-Seas: His coajiing a- long Peru and Chili, and back again f to his parting with Captain Sharp near the IJle of Plata, in order to re^ Surn over Land^ IFirft fet out of England on this Voyage at the beginning of the year 1679, in the Loyal Met" chant tf London, bound for Jamaica, Captain Knap- maff I •I 11 V V «.v t' *Tbe Author's Arrival at Jamaica. 'jik, tSig^man Commander. I went a PalTenger, dcHgning ^V^ when I came thither, to go from thence to the *' I Bay of Campeachy^ in the Gulph of Mexico, to cdt .l^V Log- wood: where iii a former Voyage t fcad fpent about three years in that employ $ and fo \va5 well acquainted with the place and the \tfork. , , , i We failed with a profperous Gale withont any ihi- \ pediipent or remarkable Paflagc in our Voyage: un- lefs that when we came in Sight of the Idund Hifpa- ^1 uiolai and vfert coafting along on the South-fide of it by the little IQes of yacca, or yijh, I obferved Captain Knapman was more vigilant than ordinary, keeping at a good diftance otF Shore, for fear of cdmingtoo near thofe fmall low Iflands } as he did onc6, in a Voyage from Engla'-d, about the Yfear 1673, lofing his Ship i.here, by the Carelefsnefs of his Mates. But we fucceeded better ; and arrived fafe at Port- Royal in Jamaica fome time in April 1679. and went immediately afliore. I had brought fome Goods with me from England, which I intended to fell here, and ftock my felf with Rum and Sugar, Saws, Axes, Hats, Stock- ings, Shoes and fuch other Commodities, as I knew would fell among the Campeacby Log-wood- Cutters. Accordingly I fold my Englijh Cargo at Porf -Royal ; but upon fome maturer Confiderations of my intended Voyage to Campeacby^ I changed my 1 houghts of that defign, and continued at Ja- maica all that Year, in Expedtation of fome other Bufinefs. I fhall not trouble the Reader with my Obfer- vations at that Ifle, fo well known to Englijh'mtn ; nor with the Particulars of my own Affairs during my Stay there. But in (hort, having there made a Purchafe of a fmall Eftate in Dorfei^jire, near my Native Country of Somerfet, of one whofe Title to ' ' ' • it 'rVN-i» fbe Author' sjirfi fnfering the South-Seas. iit I was well affured of, I was juft embarking my4*M^Q, feit for England, about Chrijimas, 1679. when one /[r. Hobby invited me to go firft a fhort Iradina ^oyagc to the Country of the Moskito's, of whom! .lall ^eak in my firft Chapter. I was willing to get jp fome Money before my return, having Taid out vhat I had at Jamaica •, fo I fent the Writing of my lew Purchafc along with the fame Friends whom I hould have accompanied tp England, and went on )oard Mr. Hobby. Soon after our fetting out we came to an anchor Igain in Negril Bay, at the Weft-end of Jamaica ; )ut finding there Captain Coxon, Sawkins, Sharp, and )tner Privateers, Mr. Hobby's Men all left him to go vith them, upon an Expedition they had contrived, leaving not one with him, befide my felf ; and being [hus left alone, after three or four days ftay with [r. Hobby, I was the more eafily perfwaded to go rkh them too. It was fhortly after Chrijimas 1679 when we fet out. 'he firft Expedition was to Portobeli which being acr bmplifhed, it was refolved to march by Land over [he Ifthmus of Darien, upon fomti new Adventures p the South-Seas. Accordingly on the 5th of yf- iril 1680, we went aihore on the Ifthmus, near Gold- \n-IJland, one of the Sambaloes, to the number of be- Iween three and four hundred Men, carrying with Is fuch Provifions as were neceflary, and Toys /herewith to gratify the JVild Indians, through /hofe Country we were to pafs. In about nine days narch we arrived at Santa Maria, and took it, and |fter a Stay there of about three days, we went on D the South-Sea Cpaft, and there embarked our jlves in fuch Canoas and Periago's, as our Indian 'riends furnilhed us withal. We were in Sight of 'Manama by the 23d of April, and having in vain |tcempted Puebla Nova, before which Sawkins^ - then X iv His Coafting along Peru. il>»j68o then Commander in chief, and others, were kill'dj we made Tome Stay at the neighbouring Ifles of Quiho. Here we refolved to change our Courfc, and! ftand away to the fouthward for the Coaft of Peru\ Accordingly we left the Keys or Ifles of ^ibo\ the 6rh of June^ and fpent the reft of the Year inl that fouthern Courfe ; for touching at the Ifles of I Corgonia and Plata, we came to Tlo, a fmalll Town on the Coaft of Peru, and took it. Thisl was in OSloher , and in November we went thence| to Coquimho on the fame Coaft, and about Cbriji-, mas were got as far a« the Ifle of John FernandoX which was the fartheft of our Courfe to the South-I ward. After Cbriftmas we went back again to the North-I ward, having a defign upon j^rica, a ftrong Townl advantagcoufly fituated in the hollow of the ElbowJ or bending of the Peruvian Coaft. But being theref rcpulfed with great Lofs, we continued our Courfej northward, till by the middle of April we were come in fight of the Ideo^ Plata, a little to the fouthwarc of the Equino^XJ roduition before the reft, that the Reader may the ;tter perceive where I mean to begin to be parti- liar ( for there I have plac'd the Title of my firft :haptcr. All therefore th^t I have to add to the Irttro- lu^Hon, is this i That while we lay at the Ifle of fobn Fernando^ Captain Sharp was, by general "onfentt difplaced from bein^ Commander } the Company bein^ not fatisfied either with his Cou- i'age or Behaviour. In his ftead, Captain fVatling ras advanced: but he being killed (hortly after )efore Arica^ we were without a Commander du- ring all th: reft of our Return towards Plata, Now Vatling being killed, a great number of the mean- er fort began to be as earneft for chooling Cap- tain SLirp again into the Vacancy, as before they lad been as forward as any to turn him out : And )n the other fide, the abler and more experienced 'Ten, being altogether diflatisfied with Sharp's former Condufb, would by no means confent to lave him chofen. In ihort, by that time we were pome in Sight of the Illand Plata^ the difference )etween the contending Parties was grown (q ligh, that they refolved to part Companies; ha- ving firft made an Agreement, that which Party ibever fhould upon Polling, appear to have the [ajority, they mould keep the Ship : And the other lould content themfelves with the Launch or ^ong-boat, and Canoas, and return back over the Ifthmus, or go to feek their Fortune other-ways, as [hey would. Accordingly^ *vi :iii. He leaves Captah Shtirp, I. ,^8,. Accordingly we out it to the Vote 5 and upon V^^ dividing, Captain Sbarfs Party carried it. I, who, had never been pleafed with his Management] ^ough I had hitherto kept my Mind to my f(pifj now declared my felf on the fide of thofe that were Out-voted ; and according to our Agreement, we took our Shares of fuch Neceflaries, as were fit tQ carry over Land with us, (for that was our Refo- lution :) and fo prepared for our Departure. \k ^!^& "S**" •*^t THE "-■:• I 7 H E TRAVELS O F f Captain William "Dampier. ■^ * I i CHAP. I. An Account of the Author s Return out of the South-Seas, to his Landing near Cape St. Lawrence, in the Iflhtnu^ of Darien : With an Occafional Defer ip- tion of the Moskito Indians. APRIL the 17th 1681, about Ten a Clock ^»- » 681. in the Morning, being 12 Leagues N. W. ''^V"'** from the Ifland Vlata^ we left Captain Sharp and thofe who were willing to go with him in the Ship, and imbarked into our Lanch and Canoas, defigning for the River of Santa Maria, in the GulT of St. Michael^ which is about 200 Leagues from the IQe of Plata. We were in Number 44 white Men who bore Arms, a Spanifh Indiatiy who bore Arms alfo ; and two Moskito Indians^ who j4? yoL. I. B. 'mys , 2 The Author*s Return out of the South-Seas, ^n. 1681. ways bear Arms amongft the Privateers, and are ^^^V^ much valued by them for ftriking Fifh, and Turtle or Tortoife, and Manatee or Sea-Cow ; and five Slaves taken in the South-Seas, who fell to our Ihare. The Craft which carried us wn aLanch, or Long- Boat, one Canoa, and another Canoa which had been fawn afunder in the Middle, in order to have made Bumkins, or Vcflels for carryin^Water, if we had not fcparated from our Ship. This wejoin'd to- gether again and made it tight \ providing Sails to \ help us along : And for 3 Days before we parted, we fifted fo much Flower as we could well carry, and rubb'd up 20 or 30 pound of Chocolate with Sugar to fweeten it i thefe Things and a Kettle, the S' .ves carried alfoon their Backs after we landed. And bc- caufe there were fome who defigned to go with us that we knew were not well able to march, we gave out, that if any Man faultred in the Journey over Land he muft expeft to be (hot to Death •, for we knew that the Spaniards would foon be after us, and one Man falling into their Hands might be the ruin of us all, by giving an account of our Strength and Co^ition ; yet this would not deter 'cm from go- ing with us. We had but little Wind when we part- ed from the Ship •, but before 12 a Clock the Sea- breeze came in ftrong, which was like to founder] us before we got in with the Ihoar i foi our fecurity therefore, we cut up an old dry Hide that we I brought witii us, and barficadoed the Lanch all| round with it to keep the Water out. About 10 a Clock at Night we got in about 7 Leagues to wind- ward of Cape Pajfao under the Line^ and then it I proved calm -, and we lay and drove all Night, be- ing fatigu'd the preceeding Day. The i8th Day I we had little Wind till the Afternoon ; and then we made fail, (landing along the fliore to thc'North-| ward, having theWind at S,S. W. and fair Weather. ■ Atl The Authors Return, 5cc. f At 7 a Clock we came abrcft of Cape Pajfao^ and^»i i6Ji; Ibund a fmall Bark at an Anchor in a fmall Bay to ^'OP*^ .eeward of the Cape, which we took, our own Boats ring too fmall to tranfport us. Wc took hcrjuft |nder the Equinoftial Line, (he was not only a help us, but in taking her we were fafc from being de- :ribed : wc did not defign to have meddled with Iny when we parted with our Conforts, nor to have ':en any if we could have helped it. The Bark tame tiom Gallio laden with Timber, and was )ound for Guiaquil. The 19th Day in the Morning we came to an An- :hor about izLeagues to theSonthward of Cape 67. ^rancifco, to put our new Bark into a better trim. In or 4 Hours time we finillied our Bufinels^and came [o fail again, and fleered along che Coaft with the "^ind at S. S. W. intending to touch at Gorgonia. Being to the Northward of Cape Sr. Francifco we let with very wet Weather i but the Wind conti* juing we arrived at Gorgonia the 24th Day in the lorning, before it was light ; we were afraid to Approach it in the Day Time, for fear the Spaniards lould lie there for us, it being the place where we :areened lately, and there they might expec!^ us. When we came afliore we fojjnd the Spaniards Bad )een there to feek after us, by a Houfe they had >uilt, which would entertain 100 Men, and by a ;reat Crofs before the Doors. This was token e- lough that the Spaniards did expedl us this Day a- rain } therefore we examined our Prifoners if they :new anyThing of it, who confeflfed they had heard )f a Pereago, for large Canoa) that rowed with 14 ")ars, which was kept in a River on the Main, and )nce in 2 or three Days came over to Gorgonia pur- )ofely to fee for us ; and that having difcovered IS, (he was to make all fpeed to Panama with the Tews s where they had three Ships ready to fend ifter us. B 2 We The Authors Return out of the SourhScas. We lay here all the Day, and fcrubb'd our new Bark, that if ever we Ihould be chafed we might the better efcape : we fiU'd our Water, and in the Evening went from thence, having the Wind at S. W. a brifk gale. The 25th Day we had much Wind and Rain, and we loft the Canoa that had been cut and was join- ed together -, we would have kept all our Canoas to carry us up the River, the Bark not being fo • convenient. The 27th Day we went from thence with a mo- derate gale of Wind at S.W. In the Afternoon we had excefTive Showers of Rain. The 2Sth Day was very wet all the Morning •, be- ' twixt 10 and 11 it cleared up, andwefawtwo, great Ships about a League and half to the Weft-' ward of us, we being then two Leagues from the fhore, and about 10 Leagues to the Southward of point Garrachina. Thefe Ships had been cruifingi between Gorgonia and tiie Gulf 6 Months •, but whe- ther our Prilbners dia know it I cannot tell. We presently furled our Sails, and rowed in clofei under the Hiore, knowing that they were Cruifers ; for if they had been bound to Panama this Wind would have carried them thither ; and no Ships bound \vomPanama come on this fide of the Bay, but keep the North-fide of the Bay till as far as theKeys of i^iiho to the Weftward ; and then if they are bound to the Southward they (land over and may] fetch Galleo, or betwixt it ar .1 Cape Si. Francifco. The Glare did not continue long before it rainedj again, and kept us from the fight of each other but if they had feen and chafed us, we were re-j folved to run our Bark and Canoas afhore, and take ourfelves to the Mountains and travel over Land j for we knew that the Imiians which lived in thefel parts never had any Commerce with the Spaniards -A fo we might have had a chance for ou r Lives. The An Account of the Moskito -Indians. 'y- The 29th Day, at 9 a Clock in the Morning, we -^w* »<58r.. ime to an Anchor at Point Garrachina, about 7 ^■^'VN^ .eagues from the Gulf of St. Michael^ which was le Place where we firft came into the South-Seas, |nd the way by which we defigned to return. Here we lay all the Day, and went afhore and Iried our Cloaths, clean'd our Guns, dried our Am- nunition, and fixt our lelves againft our Enemies, If we fhould be attack'd ; for we did expert to find feme Oppofition at Landing : we likewife kept a rood Look-out all the Day, for fear of thofe two >hips that we faw the Day before. The 30th Day in the Morning [at 8 a Clock we :amc into the Gulf of St. Michael's Mouth -, for we )Ut from Point Garrachina in the Evening, defign- [ng to have reached the Iflands in the Gulf before )ay i that we might the better work our Efcape from our Enemies, if we fhould find any of them raiting to ftop our PafTage. About 9 a Clock we came to an Anchor a Mile /ithout a large Illand, which lies 4 Miles .^rom the [outh of the River ; we had other Imall Iflands nthout us, and might have gone up into the Hi- rer, having a flrong tide of f^ood, but would noc idventure farther till we had lookt well about us. Wc immediately fent a Canoa afhore on the I- land, where we faw fwhat we always feared) ? Ship tt the Mouth of the River, lying clofe by the fhore, ind a large Tent by it, by which we found it would )e a hard Tafk for us to efcape them. When the Canoa came aboard with this News, feme of our Men were a little difheartened ; but it Was no more than I ever expe6led. Our Care was now to get fafe over Land, feeing rt could not land here according to our defire : 'herefore before the Tide of Flood was fpcnt, we [manned our Canoa and rowed again to the Ifland, |to fee if the Enemy was yet in Motion. When we B 3 came I •i I % 6 The Author* s Return out of the Sduth-Seas.^ M»^i68i. came afhore we difperfed our felves all over the Ifland, to prevent our Enemies from coming any I way to view us ; and prefently after High-water,' we faw a fmall Canoa coming over from the Ship to the Ifland that we were on •, which made us alii get into our Canoa, and wait their coming; and! we lay clofe till they came within Piftol-fliot of us,| and then being ready, we ftarted out and took them.| There were in her one white Man and two Indians % | who being examined, told us that the Ship which we faw at the River's Mouth, had lain there fiXiJ Months, guarding the River, waiting for our com- ing ; that Ihe had 12 Guns, and 150 Seamen and! Soldiers : that the Seamen all lay aboard, but thei Soldiers lay afhore in their Tents ; that there were- 300 Men at the Mines, who had all fmall Arms, and would be aboard in two Tides Time. They likewife told us, that there were two Ships cruifing in the Bay, between this place and Gorgonia ; the biggeft had 20 Guns, and 200 Men, the other 10 Guns, and 150 Men : Befides all this they told us that the Indians on this fide the Country were ourj Enemies ', which was the worfe News of all. How- ever we prefently brought thcfe Prifoners aboard, 1 and got under fail, turning out with the Tide of Ebb, for it was not convenient to ftay longer there. We did not long confider what to do ; but in- tended to land that Night, or the next Day betimes ; I for we did not queftion but we fhould either gee a good Commerce with the Indians, by fuch Toys as i we had purpofely brought with us, or elfe force our way through their Country, in fpight of all their Oppofition -, and we did not fear what thefe Spaniards could do agninft us, in cafe they fhould land and come after u:.. We had a ftrong Southerly Wind, which blew right in 5 and the Tide of Ebb being far fpent, wc could not turn out. I per- s all over the An Account of the Moskito-Indians, 7 I perfwaded them to run into the River of Congo^ An, i68i» rhich is a large River, about three Leagues from ^-OT^ ^he Ifland where we lay •, which with a Southerly ^ind we could have done : and when we were got lb high as theTide flows, then we might have land- id. But all the Arguments I could ufe were not of force fufficient to convince them that there was a large River fo near us, but they would land fome- [where, they neither did know how, where, nor [when. When we had rowed and towed againft the Wind I all Night, we juft ^ot about Cape St, Lorenzo in the Morning •, and tailed about 4 Miles farther to I the Weftward, and run into a fmall Creek within two Keys, or little Iflands, and rowed up to the Head of the Creek, being about a Mile up, and there we landed Ma'j i. 168 1. We got out all our Provifion and Cloaths, and then funk our Veflel. While we were landing and fixing our Snap-facks to march, our Moskito Indians ftruck a plentiful Dilh of Fifh, which we immediately dreft, and therewith fatisfied our Hunger. Having made mention of the Moskito Indians^ it may not be amifs to conclude this Chapter with a fhort account of them. They are tall, well-made, raw-bon'd, lufty, ftrong, and nimble of Foot, long-vifaged, lank black Hair, look ftern, hard fa- vour'd, and of a dark Copper-colour Complexion. They are but a fmall Nation or Family, and not 100 Men of them in Number, inhabiting on the Main on the North- fide, near Cape Gratia Dios 1 between Cape Honduras and Nicaragua. They are very ingenious at throwing the Lance, Fifgig, Har- poon, or any manner of Dart, being bred to it from, their Infancy ; for the Children imitating their Pa- rents, never go abroad without a Lance in their Hands, which they throw at anyObjedt, till ufe hath B 4 ' mada V t The' Author* s Return^ &c. 'An, i68i. made them Maftcrs of the Art. Then they learn to C'^Y"^*^ put by a Lance, Arrow, or Dart : The manner is thus. Two Boys Hand at a fmall diftance, and dart a blunt flick at one another ; each of them holding a fmall flick in his right Hand, with which he ftrikes away that which was darted at him. As they grow in Years they become more dexterous and courageous, and then they will ftand a fair Mark, to any one that will fhoot Arrows at them ; which they will put by with a very fmall Hick, no bigger than the Rod of a Fowling-piece ; and when they are grown to be Men, they will guard them- felves from Arrows, though they come very thick at them, provided two do not happen to come at once. They have extraordinary good Eyes, and will difcry a Sail at Sea farther, and fee any Thing better than we. Their chiefeft Employment in their own Country is to ftrike Fifh, Turtle, or Manatee, the manner of which I defcribe elfe- where. Chap. 3. For this they are efleemed and co- veted by all Privateers ; for one or two of them in a Ship, will maintain 100 Men : So that when we ca- reen our Ships, we choofe commonly fuch Places where there is plenty of Turtle or Manatee for thefc Moskito Men to ftrike : and it is very rare to find Privateers deftitute of one or more of them, when the Commander, or moft of the Men are E)igU/h ; but they do not love the French^ and the Spaniards they hate mortally. When they come among Pri- vateers, they get the ufe of Guns, and prove very good Marks-Men : they behave themfelves very bold in fight, and never feem to flinch nor hang back ; for they think that the white Men with whom they are, know better than they do when it is beft to. fight, and let the difadvantge of their Party be never fo great, they will never yield nor give back while any of their Party ftand. I could never perceive any Religion nor any Ceremonies, or .f- 'An Account of the Moskito Indians. i hx fuperftitious Obfervations among them, being -^w* i^Sr.' [eady to imitate us in whatfoever they faw us do at vOP^ Iny time. Only they feem to fear the Devi], whom [hey call Walkfaw ; and they fay he often appears 10 fome among them, whom our Men commonly tall their Prieft, when they defire to fpeak witti lim on urgen: Bufinefs ; but the rel^' know not any ping of him, nor how he appears, otherwife thaa ks thefe Priefts tell them. Yet they all fay they jnuft not anger him, for then he will beat them, , ^nd that fometimes he carries away thefe their 'riefts. Thus much I have heard from fome of [hem who fpeak good Engli/h. They marry but one Wife, with whom they live [ill Death feparates them. At their firft coming to- gether, the Man makes a very fmall Plantation, for [here is Land enough, and they may choofe what [poc they pleafe. They delight to to.v'^t near the pea, or by fome River, for the fake of llriking Fiih, kheir beloved Employment. For within Land there are other Indians^ with /horn they are always at War. After the Man ^ath cleared a Spot of Land, and hath planted it, le feldom minds it afterward, but leaves the ma- liaging of it to his Wife, and he goes out a ftriking. fometimes he feeks only for Fifh, at other times For Turtle, or Manatee, and whatever he gets he brings home to his Wife, and never ftirs out to (eek for more till it is all eaten. When hunger )egins to bite, he either takes his Canoa and feeks lor more Game at Sea, or walks out into the Woods \nd hunts about for Peccary, Warree, each a fort )f wild Hogs or Deer ; and feldom returns empty- landed, nor feeks for any more fo.long as any of It lads. Their Plantations are fo fmall, that they cannot fubfift with what they p'-oduce : for their largefl: Plantatlor* have not above 20 or 30 Plan- lain-Trees, a B<;d of Yams and Potatoes, a Bufh of I io "^An Account of the Moskito Indians.^ U». i68i.of Indian Pepper, and a fmall Spot of Pine-apples \\ ' -^^^ which laft Fruit is a main thing they delight in ; fbr|| with thefe they make a fort of Drink which our Men call Pine-drink, much efteemed by thefe Mos- kiio*s, and to which they invite each other to be! merry, providing Filh and Flefh alfo. Whoever of | them makes of this Liquor treats his Neighbours, making a little Canoa full at a time, and fo enough [ to make them all drunk ; and it is feldom that fuch Feafts are made, but the Party that makes them hath fome defign, either to be revenged for fome Injury done him, or to debate of fuch Differences as have hapned between him and his Neighbours, I and to examine into the Truth of fuch Matters. Yeti before they are warmed with drink, they never fpeak one word of their Grievances : and the Wo.| men, who commonly know their Hufband's Defigns, J prevent them from doing any Injury to each other,| by hiding their Lances, Harpoons, Bows and Ar-' rows, or any other Weapon that they have. The Moskito*s are in general very civil and kind! to the Englijh^ of whom they receive a great deal] of Refped, both when they are aboard their ShipsJ and alfo afliore, either in Jamaica, or elfewherej whither they often come with the Seamen. Wej always humour them, letting them go any whither! as they will, and return to their Country in any! Veflfel bound that way, if they pleafe. They will] have the Management of thcmfelves in tlieir ftrik- ing, and will go in their own little Canoa, whichf our Men could not go in without danger of over-| fetting ; nor will they then let any white Man come in their Canoa, but will go a ftriking in it juft as they pleafe: All which we allow them. Forfhould| we crofs them, though they Ihould fee Shoals oft Fifh, or Turtle, or the like, they will purpofelyj ftrike their Harpoons and Turtle-Irons afide, or fol glance them as to kill nothing. They have no form! ofl 'An Account of the Moskito Indians. IT ^f Government among them, but acknowledge the Jn.t(M% ying ot England for their Sovereign. They learn ^-OT^' ^ur Language, and take the Governour of Ja» laica to be one of the greateft Princes in the ^orld. While they are among the Eftglifi they wear ^ood Cloaths, and take delight to go neat and tight; )ut when they return again to their own Country they put by all their Cloaths, and go after their )wn Country fafhion, wearing only a fmall Piece )f Linnen tied about their Waftes, hanging down their Knees. CHAP. 11. % Author* s Land Journey from the South to the North Sea, over the Terra Firma, or JJihmus of Darien. EING landed May the ift, we began our march about 3 a Ciock in the Afternoon, di- refting our Courfe by our Pocket CompaiTes N, E, md having gone about 2 Miles, we came to the "oot of a Hill where we built fmall Hutts and lay ill Night ; having exceffive Rains till 12 a Clock. The 2d Day in the Morning having fair Wea- ther v/eafcended the Hill, and found a fmall Indian- *ath, which we followed till we found it run too luch Eafterly, and then doubting it would carry is out of the way, we climb'd feme of the higheft "fees on the Hill, which was not meanly furniih- :d with as large and tall Trees as ever I faw : At [length we difcovered fome Houfes in a Valley on [the North-fide of the Hill, but it being fteep could not defcend on that Side, but followed the fmall Path \ 1 i 'A Journey over the Ifthmus of America. :;rfii.i68i. pathnvhich led us down the Hill on the Eaft-fide, ^^^i^^ where we prefently found feveral other Indian Houfes. The firft that we came to at the Foot of the Hill had none but Women at home, who Could not fpeak SpaniJIj^ but gave each of us a good Cala- bafh or Shell- full of Corn-drink. The other Houfes had feme Men at home, but none thatfpoke Spa- n'tjh ; yet we made a fhift to buy fuch Food as their Houfes or Plantations afforded, which we dreft and eat all together ; having all forts of our Provi- fion in common, becaufe none fhould live better than others, or pay dearer for any thing than it was worth. This Day we had marched 6 Mile. In the Evening the HuHiands of thofe Women came home, and told us in broken Spanijh, that they had been on board of the Guard-Ship, which ^| we fled from two Days before, that we were now not abov.e ? Mile from the Mouth of the River Conpy and that they could go from thence aboard the Guard-Ship in half a Tide's time. This Evening we fupped plentifully on Fowls, and Pecary ; a fort of wild Hogs which we bought of the Indians 'y Yams, Potatoes and Plantains ferved U'i for Bread, whereof we had enough. After Sup- per we agreed with one of thefe Indians to guide us a Days march into the Country, towards the North- fide ; he was to have for his Pains a Hatchet, and his Bargain was to bring us to a certain Indian's Ha- bitation, who could fpeak Spanijh^ from whom we were in hopes to be better fatisfied of our Journey. The 3d Day having fair Weather, we began to flir betimes, and fet out between 6 and 7 a Clock, marching through feveral old ruined Plantations. ' This Morning one of our Men being tired gave us the flip. By 12 a Clock we had gone 8 Mile, and arrived at the Indian's Houfe, who lived on the Bank of the River Congo^ and fpake very good Spani/? ; to whom we declared the Reafon or this Vific. At 4 Journey over the Ifthmus of America. i } Ufirft he feemed to be very dubious of enter- -^"i^Si. lining any Difcourfe with us, and gave imperti- *^*OrNi :nt Anfwers to theQueftions that we demanded of Jim i he told us he knew no way to the North* ide of the Country, but could carry us to Cheapo^ If !>anta Maria^ which we knew to be Spamjh parrifons •, the one lying to the Eaftward of us, other to the Weftward : either of them at leaft lo Miles out of our way. We could get no other knfwer from him, and all his Difcourfe was in fuch m angry Tone, as plainly declared he was not our >iend. However, we were forced tomakeaVir- iue of Neceflity, and humour him, for it was nei- ther time nor place to be angry with the Indians j ^11 our Lives lying in their Hand. We were now at a great Lofs, not knowing what 'ourfe to take, for we tempted him with Beads, [oney. Hatchets, Matcheats, or long Knives ; but lothing would work on him, till one of our Men took a Sky-coloured Petticoat out of his Bag and jut it on his Wife*, who was fo much pleafed nth the Prefent, that fhe immediately began to [chatter to her Husband, and foon brought him into better Humour. He could then tell us that he :new the Way to the North-fide, and would have jone with us, but that he had cut his Foot two Days )efore, which made him uncapable of ferving us limfelf: But he would take care that we fhould lot want a Guide *, and therefore he hired the fame hdian who brought us hither, to conduft us two ~)ays march further for another Hatchet. The old [an would have flayed us here all the Day, becaufe it rained very hard ; but our Bufinefs required more "lafte, our Enemies lying fo near us, for he told us Ithat he could go from his Houfe aboard the Guard- IShip in a Tide's time •, and this was the 4th Day [fince they faw us. So we marched 3 Miles farther, and 14 A Journey over the Ifthmus of America. ',jii^i68i . and then built Hurts, where we ftayed all Night ji ' ^ "it rained all the Afternoon, and the grcatcft Part of the Night. The 4th Diy we began our March betimes, for the Forenoons were commonly fair, but much Rain Afternoon : tho' whether it rained or Ihined it was much at one with us, for I verily believe we croft; the Rivers 30 times this Day ; the Indians having, no Paths to travel from one part of the Country to another ; and thf^refore guided themfclves by the Rivers. We marched this Day* 12 Miles, and then built our Hutt, and lay down to flecp ; but we al- ways kept two Men on the Watch ; otherwile our own Slaves might have knockt us on the Head while we flept. It rained violently all the Afternoon,; and moft part of the Night. We had much ado toj kindle a Fire this Evening : our Hutts were but! very mean or ordinary, and our Fire fmall, fo that] we could not dry our Cloaths, fcarce warm ourl fclves, and no fort of Food for the Belly ; all whichl made it very hard with us. I confefs thefe Hardfhipsl quite expell'd the Thoughts of an Enemy, for now! having been 4 Days in the Country, we began to] have but few other Cares than how to get Guides and] Food, the Spamards were feldom in our Thoughts.! The 5th Day we fet out in the Morning betimes,! and having travelled 7 Miles in thofe wild pathlefs Woods, by 10 a Clock in the Morning we arrived] at a youns^Spamfh Indian's HoufCt who had former- ly lived with the Bifliop of Panama. The young! Indian vfiLs very brisk, fpoke very good Spanijby and! received us very kindly. This Plantation afforded us ftore of Provifions, Yams, and Potatoes, but no-, thing of any Flefh, befides 2 fat Monkeys we fhot,j part whereof we diftributed to fome of^ our Com- pany, who v/ere weak and fickly ; for others we! got Eggs, and fuch kLfrefhmei:ts as the IndianshadA for we ftill provided for the Sick and Weak. We Journey over the Ifthmus of America. 1 5 a Spanifh Indian in our Company, who firft took ^n. i68i. [Arms with Captain SawkinSy and had been with '"^'V^ jver fince his Death. He was perfuaded to live by the Mafter of the Houfe, who jpromifcd his Sifter in Marriage, and to be amftant to in clearing a Plantation : but we would not ifent to part from him here, for fear of fome feachery, but promifed to releafe him in two or fee Days, when we were certainly out of dan- s' of our Enemies. We ftayed here all the Af- moon, and dried our Cloaths and Ammunition, fared our Guns, and provided our felvcs for a irch the next Morning. >ur Chirur^eon, Mr. fVafer, came to a fad Dif- [er here : being drying his Powder, a carelcfs Fel- pafled by with his Pipe lighted, and fet fire to ; Powder, which blew up and fcorched his Knee, reduced him to that Condition, that he was )t able to march •, wherefore we allowed him a < ive to carry his things, being all of us the more icern*d at the Accident, becaufe liable our felves lery Moment to Misfortune, and none to look ter us but him. This Indian Plantation was feated the Bank of the River Congo, in a very fat Soil, \d thus far we might have come in our Canoa, if :ould have perfuaded them to it. jThe 6th Day we fet out again, having hired ano- |er Guide. Here we firft croft the River Congo in a inoa, having been from our firft Landing on the Teft-fide of the River, and being over, we march- to the Eaftward two Miles, and came to another iver, which we forded feveral Times, though it is very deep. Two of our Men were not able to :cp Company with us, but came after us as they [ere able. The laft time we forded the River, it [as fo deep, that our talleft Men ftood in the deep- Place, and handed the fick, weak and (hort icn 5 by which means we all got over fafe, ex- cept \ 1 6 A Journey over the Ifthmus of America. ,^».i68i.cept thofc two who were behind. Forcfccing s^^V^ Ncccflity of wading through Rivers frequently our Land-march, 1 tooi<; care before I left the Si to provide my fcif a large Joint of Bambo, whii Iftoptatboth Fnds, clofing it with Wax, fo asi keep out any Water. In this I prefcrved my Jou- nul and other Writings from being wet, tho* I wj often forced to fwim. When we were over th River, wc fat down to wait the coming of oi' Conforts who were left behind, and in halfi Hour they came. But the River by that timev fo high, tliat they could not get over it, neith.^ could we help them over, but bid them be of goc^' comfort, and (lay till the River did fall: Butvj marched two Miles farther by the Side of the Rive| and there built our Hutts, having gone this Day I Miles. We had fcarce finiihed our Hutts, befol the River rofe much higher, and overflowing t| Banks, obliged us to remove into higher ground But the next Nighi came on before we could buij more Hutts, fo we lay ftraggling in the Wood fome under one Tree, fome under another, as could find conveniency, which migiit have been il different comfortable if the Weather had been fail but the greateft Pan oi" the Night we had ex^rao dinary hard Rain, with much Lightning, and terii ble Claps of Thunder. Thefe Hardfhips andlncoi] vcniencies made us all carelefs, and there was Watch kept, (tho* I believe no body did fleep : ) .our Slaves taking the opportunity, went away in t| Night i all but one, who was hid in fome l\ol and knew nothing of their defign, or elfe fell aflee| Thofe that went away carried with them our CL rurgeon*s Gun and all his Money. The next Morning being the 8th Day, we weij to the River's fide, and found it much fallen ; an here our Guide would have us ford it again, whid . being deep, and the Current running fwift, we coui lere was A Journey over the Ifthmus of America. 17 lOt. Then we contrived to fwim over ; thofe that -^"^i^Sr. uld not fwim, we were rcfolvcd to help over as ell as we could : But this was not fo feifable : r we (hould not be able to get all our Things o- IV, At length we concluded to fend one Man o- rcr with a Line, who Ihould hale over all our 'hings firft, and then get the Men over. This be- 12 agreed on, one George Gayny took the end of • ^ine and made it faft about his Neck, and left the [ther end afhore, and one Man ftood by the Line* clear it away to him. But when Gayny was in ic midft of the Water, the Line in drawing after [im chanced to kink or grow entangled •, and he lat ftood by to clear it away, ft;opt the Line which irned Gayny on his back, and he that had the Line his Hand threw it all into the River after him, linking he might recover himfeif \ but the Stream inning very fwift, and the Man having three Hun- red Dollars at his back, was carried down, and iver feen more by us. Thofe two Men whom we ^ft behind the Day before, told us afterwards that ley found him lying dead in a Creek, where the fddy had driven him alhore, and the Money on lis Back •, but they meddled not with any of it, be* ig only in Care how to work their way through a pd unknown Country. This put a Period to that tontrivance. This was the fourth Man that we loft this Land-Journey •, for thefe two Men that we [ft the Day "before did not come to us till we were the North-Seas^ fo we yielded them alfo for loft. :ing fruftratcd at getting over the River this way, )t looked about for a Tree to fell acrofs the River. It length we found one, which we cut down, and reached clear over : on this we palTed to the ther fide, where we found afmall Plantain Walk, ^hicK we foon ranfackt. While we were bufy getting Plantains our Guide ^as gone, but in lefs than two Hours came to us C again, 1 8 A 'Journey over the Ifthmus of Ametica.' An. 1681. again, and brought with him an old Indian, to ^'^'V^ whom he delivered up his Charge-, and we gave him a Hatchet and difmift him, and entered our felves under the Conduft of our new Guide : who imme- diately Jed us away, and croft another River, and entered into a large Valley of thefatteft Land I did ever take notice of ; the Trees were not very thick, but the largeft that I faw in all myTravels ; We faw great Tracks which were made by the Pecaries, but | faw none of them. We marched in this pleafant Country till 3 a Clock in the Afternoon, in all a-i bout 4 Miles, and then arrived at the old Man's Country Houfe, which was only a Habitation for| Hunting : there was a fmall Plantain Walk, fbmel Yams, and Potatoes. Here we took up our Quar-| ters for this Day, and refrefhed ourfelves with uicli| Food as the Place afforded, and dryed our Cloathsl and Ammunition. At this Place our young 5/'a«j/Ui Indian provided to leave us, for now we thought! our felves paft Danger. This was he that was peH fwaded to ftay at the laft Houfe we came from, to| marry the young Man's Sifter -, and we difmiffe(l| him according to our Promife. The 9th Day the old Man conducted us towardj| his own Habitation. We marched about 5 Miles in this Valley •, and then afcended a Hill, and travel-! led about 5 Miles farther over two or three fmalli Hills, before we came to any Settlement. Half a| Mile before we came to the Plantations we light o| a Path, which carried us to the Indiam Habitations.^^ We faw many wooden CrofTes eredted in the way, which created feme Jealoufy in us that here werel feme Spaniards : Therefore we new primed all ourkf Guns, and provided our felves for an Enemy ; but'i coming into theTown found none but Indians, who j were all got together in a large Houfe to receive us : for the old Man had a httle Boy with himj that he fent before. Thcv "A Journey over the Ifthmus of America.' 19 They made us welcome to fuch as they had,-*». 1681.' [hich was very mean ; for thefe were new PJantati- ^-OT*^ IS, the Corn being not eared. Potatoes, Yams, id Plantains they had none, but what they brought fom their old Plantations. There was none of them )oke good Span^ : Two young Men could fpealc little, it caufed us to take more notice of them, 'o thefe we made a Prefent, and defired them to |ct us a Guide to conduft us to the North-fide, or irt of the way, which they promifed to do them- ilves; if we would reward them for it, but told us re muft lye ftill the next Day. But we thought ir felves nearer the North-Sea than we were, and ropofed to go without a Guide, rather than ftay 5re a whole Day : However fonie of our Men 10 were tired refolved to ftay behind ; and Mr. ""afer our Chirurgeon, who marched in great Pain rer fincc his Knee was burned with Powder, was tfoh'^d to ftay with them. The loth Day we got up betimes, refolving to |arch, but the Indians oppofed it as much as tney Suld ; but feeing they could not perfwade us to ly, they came with us -, and having taken leave our Friends, we fet out. Here therefore we left the Chirurgeon and two [ore, as we faid, and marched away to the Eaft- ird following our Guides. But we often looked our Pocket Compafles, and fhewed them to the aides, pointing at the way that we would go, lich made them fliake their Heads, and fay, rhey tre pretty Things, but not convenient for us. Af- we had defcended the Hills an which the Town )od, we came down into a Valley, and guided kr felves by a River, which we crofled 22Times ; Id having marched 9 Miles, we built Hutts and there all Night : This Evening I killed aQuaum, large Bird as big as a Turkey, wherewith we C 2 treated •v*^ 20 A Journey over the Ifthmus of America. wfw. 1 68 1, treated our Guides, for we brought no Provifion with us. This Night our laft Slave run away. The eleventh Day we marched 10 Mile farther, and built Hutts at Night ; but went fupperlefs tc Bed. The twelfth in the Morning Jiire crofled a deep River, pafTing over it on a Tree, and marched ; Mile in a low fwampy Ground *, and came to tlif fide of a great deep River, but could not getovtr We built Hutts upon its Banks and lay there al^ Night, upon our Barbecu*s, or Frames of Sucla raifed about 3 Foot from the Ground. The thirteenth Day when we turned out, the Ri^ ver had overflowed its Banks, and was 2 foot decf in our Hutts, and our Guides went from us, noted ling us their intent, which made us think they wen; returned home again. Now we began to repen our hafte in coming from the Settlements, for \k| had no Food fince we came from thence. Indea we got Macaw-berries in this Place, whe rewith '^a fatisfied our felves this Day though coarfely. The fourteenth Day in the Morning betimes, on Guides came to us again •, and the Waters beinl fallen within their bounds, they carried us to a TrJ that flood on the Bank of the River, and told if we could fell that Tree crofs it, we might pafsj if not, we could pafs no farther. Therefore we fj two of the bell Ax-men that we had, who fell'di exadly crofs the River, and the Boughs juft reaclj cd over i on this we pafled very fafe. "We afced wards eroded another River three Times, with mud Difficulty, and at 3 a Clock in the Afternoon \( came to an JW/<««Settlement, where we met adroil of Monkeys, and killed 4 of them, and flaied he| all Night, having marched this Day 6 Miles. Hej we got Plantains enough, and a kind Reception 1 the Indian that lived here*!U alone, except oneBfl| to wait on him. 21 t/^V\^ ^A Journey over the Ifthmus of America. tThe fifteenth Day when we fet out, the kind In- f ^*^*, %n and his Boy went with us in a Canoa, and fet ' ^ over fuch Places as we could not ford : and be- paft thofe great Rivers, he returned back again, f/ing helped us at leaft 2 Mile. We marched af- rwards 5 Mile, g|pd came to large Plantain Walks, lere we took up our Quarters that Night *, we [ere fed plentifully on Plantains, both ripe and reen, and had fair Weather all the Day and Night, think thcfe were the largeft Plantain-walks, and le biggcft Plantains that ever I faw, but no Houfe tar them : We gathered what we pleafed by our fuides Orders. The fixteenth Day we marched 3 Mile, and came a large Settlement, where we abode all Day : fot a Man of us bwt wiflit the Journey at an End \ ir Feet being bliftered, and ourThighs ftript with iding through fo many Rivers ; the way being al- [oft continually through Rivers, or pathlefs Woods. the Afternoon five of us went to feek for Game, id kilPd 3 Monkeys, which we dreft for Supper. lere we firft began to have fair Weathfir, which mtinued with us till we came to the North-Seas. The eighteenth Day we fet out at 10 a Clock, id the Indians with 5 Canoas carried us a League a River j and when we landed, the kind Indians Pent with us and carried our Burdens. We march- 3 Mile farther, and then built our Hatts, having [avelled from the laft Settlements 6 Mile. The nineteenth Day our Guides loft their way, id we did not march above 2 Mile. The twentieth Day by 1 2 a Clock we came to Iheapa River. The Rivers we croft hitherto run all Ito the South-Seas j and this of Cheapo was the laft [e met with that run that way. Here an old Man fho came from the laft Settlements, diftributed his irthen of Plantains amongft us,and taking his leave Jturned Home. Afterward we forded the River, C 3 and ±i A Journey over the Ifthmus 0/ America. '^»^i^i. and marched to the foot of a very high Mountain, ' ""^ ' where we lay all Night. This Day we marched a' bout 9 Miles. The 21ft Day fome of the Indians returned back, and we marched up a very high Mountain ; being on the Top, we went fome Miles on a ridge, andl fteep on both fides ; then defcended a little, andl came to a fine Spring, where we lay all Night, havJ ing gone this Day about 9 Miles, the Weather ftillS very fair and clear. The 2 2d Day we marched over another very high Mountain, keeping on the ridge 5 Miles. When we came to the North-end, we to our great Comv| fort, faw the Sea ; then we defcended, and parted f our felves into 3 Companies, and lay by the fide ofl a River, which Was the firfl: we met that runs intoi the North-Sea. The 23d Day we came through feveral large Plan-| tain Walks, and at 10 a Clock came to an Indian,^ Habitation, not far from the Norlh-Seas, Herewc| got Canoas to carr/ us down the River Conception \.4 the Sea-fide ; having gone this Day 7 Miles. "Wei found a great many Indians at the Mouth of th|^ River. They had fettled themfelves here for the be| nefit of Trade with the Privateers ; and their Com-j modities were Yams, Potatoes, Plantains, Sugar| Canes, Fowls, and Eggs. The Indians told us, that there had bee** a greati^ many Englifi and French Ships here, which were all'j gone but one Banolongo, a French Privateer that lay! at La Sounds Key or ^Hand. This Ifland is about 3 Leagues from the Mouth of the River Conception, and is one of the Samhalloes, a range of Iflands reach- ing for about 20 Leagues, from Point Samhallas to| Golden IJland Eaftward. Thefe Iflands or Keys, asl we call thpm, were firfi: made the Rendezvous ofl Privateers in the Year 1679, being very convenientj for careening, and had Names given to fome off thenii e"? M.i merica. I It runs mtoi A Journey over the Ifthmus of America. a 3 iem by the Captains of the Privateers : as this An. 1681, ki 5tf««if Kejr particularly. %^r\f^ Thus we finifhed our Journey from the South-Sea I the 'Sorth in 23 Days ; in which time by my Ac- iunt we travelled no Miles, crofTing fome very Igh Mountains -, but our common March was in [e Valleys among deep and dangerous Rivers. At ir firft landing in this Country, we were told that le Indians were our Enemies •, we knew the Rivers be deep, the wet Seafon to be coming in ; yet, ccepting thofe we left behind, we loft but one Ian, who was drowned, as I faid. Our firft land- ig Place on the South Coaft was very difadvanta- teous, for we travelled at leaft fifty Miles more lanwe need to have done, could we have gone up \beapo River, or Santa Maria River ; for at either Y thefe Places a Man may pafs from Sea to Sea in Ihree Days time with eafe. The Indians can do it in Day and a half, by which you may fee how td^ is for a Parry of Men to travel over. I muft ^onfefs the Indians did aflift us very much, and I |ueftion whecher ever we had got over without their - .fllftance, becaufe they brought us from time to [ime to their Plantations, where we always got *rovifion, which elfe we fhould have wanted. But If a Party of 500 or 600 Men, or more, were linded to travel from the North to the South-Seas, ^hey may do it without asking leave of the Indians \ though it be much better to be Friends with them. On the 24th of May, (having lain one Night at khe River's Mouth j we all went on board the Priva- teer, who lay at La Sound's Key. It was a FrenchVei- |el. Captain Trifiian Commander. The firft thing re did was to get fuch things as we could to gratify )ur Indian Guides, for we were refolved to reward Ithem to their Hearts content. This we did by gi- Iving them Beads, Knives, SciflTars, and Looking- IglaHes, which we bought of the Privateers Crc-w 4- C 4 and . 24 The Author* s Arrival at the North-Seas. 'An. »68i. and half a Dollar a Man from each of us *, whicl tOP^ we would have beftowed in Goods alfo, but couW| not get any, the Privateer having no more Toys They were fo well fatisfied with thefe, that they returned with joy to their Fr'ends •, and were veryl kind to our Conforts whom we left behind ; asl Mr. Wafer our Chirurgeon and the reft of theml told us, when they came to us fome Months afterj wards, as fhall be faid hereafter. I might have given a further Account of fevcrall things relating to this Country ; the Inland Parts ofl which are fo little known to the Europeans. But ll fliall leave this Province to Mr. Wafer, who made] a longer Abode m it than I, and is better able tol do it than an^ Man that I know, and is now preJ paring a particular Defcription of this Country fon the Pfcls. CHAP. t-Seas. us*t whic^ , but coulj lore Toys that they were veryl behind ; ail ft of theml inths afcerJ t of fevcrall nd Parts ofl im. But ll who made) ter able tol 5 now prcl "ountry fofl HA P. ■ fe Nx TV [£XlCO\ a Map o£the Middle Part- America* *5 O S C-A.Y Cujuph or Carolma 'Ul C.SJm'^ :4t 5F J. J** 4^. 'lufAH . '■;«« Ptnt* ■'^^'^ .^V^' J(..Z*» 'H^W^. j:^'^r.>t^^:iii r ii j: : South f^/ cH^^^ iC0ta4 'Tht H^uJHaeiuU ^ M S JE A 4 ;. Tjslej vj CJU'r- VD JtD j.asj: 2$ CHAP. III. /I |7)&^ AuthorV cruifingwith the Privateers in the North-ScastfW/^^ Weft- India Ctf J/?. They go to the IJle of St. Andreas. Of the Cedars there. The Corn-Iflands, and their Inhabi- tants, Blueficld'j River, and an account of the Manatee there, or Sea- Cow j with the Manner how the Moskito Indians kill them, andTortoife, &c. The M^ho-tree, The So- vages of Bocca toro. He touches again at Toint Samballas, anditsljlands. The Groves of Sapadiliacs there, the Soldier'^ Infcft, and Manchanccl Tree. The River oj Darien, and the Wild Indians »^<2r it\ Monaftery oflA^L" dre de Popa, Rio Grande, Santa Martha Town, and the high Mountain there i Rio la Hacha Town, RanchoReys, andPcztl FiHiery there -, the Indian Inhabitants and Country, Dutch T/Zp^/Qucrifao, &c. Count UE^iq€s unfortunate Expedition thither. IJle of Bon Airy. Ifle of Aves, the Booby and Mzn of War Bird: The Wreck of D'EftreeV Fleet, and Captain Pain'j ^venture here. Little Ifie of Aves The IJles RocaV, the Noddy and'lto^kk Bird, Mineral Water, Egg-Birds; /^^ Mangrove Trees, black, red,andwhitey IJle of Tortuga, its SaltTonds. IJle of Blan- co 5 the Guano Animal, their Variety ; and the bell Sea Tortoifc. Modern Alterations in F if^^ Weft- Indies. The Coafl of Qzi^lqcws, its remarkable Land, and TroduSf of the heft Cacoa 26 U».i68i. Trivateers in the North- Sea J. Cacoa Nuts. The Cacoa defcribed at largeA with the Husbandry of it. City of Caraccos. l-zGMQdtt Fort and Haven, Town of Coma- na. Vcrina, it s f amous be/iSp2ini(h Tobacco] The rich Trade of the Coaft of Caraccos. 0/ the Sucking Fifh, or Remora. The Author s\ Arrival in Virginia. TH E Privateer on board which we went being now cleaned, and our Indian Guides thus fa- tisfied and fet alhore, we fet fail in tv/o Days for Springer's Key, another of the Samballoes Ifles, and about 7 or 8 Leagues from La Sound*s Key. Here lay 8 Sail of Privateers more, viz. Capt. Coxen, lo Guns, loo Men. Capt. Payne, lo Guns, loo Men. ofth torn ther by at there Mama hell. , IVrigh I might Truth |foona< icame ; I joyed I thers, j f/ince, ^^BaSSol4 0-.4oMen., w Difcovc anfwere more j Paflage V^e rd count o conveni heartne EnglifhCommf^'''' * J .■now manders and" Englijhmen. Cz.i^t. Williams, a fmall Barcolongo. " Capt,2^^«^«, a Barcolongo, 4 Guns, about 60 Men, knglijh, Dutch and French ; himfelf a Dutchman Capt. Archemhoe, 8 Guns, 40 Men./ French Corn-i Capt. Tucker, 6 Guns, 70 Men. > manders and| Capt. Rofe, a Barcolongo. > Men. An Hour before we came to the Fleet, CaptaiiiB'"^^J"* Wright, who had been fent to Chagra River, ^rrivedBr , ^ at Springer's Key, with a large Canoa or Pcriagol , ^Pj laden with Flower, which he took there. Some oB/im, f .* the Prifoners belonging to the periago, came froHili Panama not above fix Days before he took her, anJ /^ , ^'I told the News of our coming over land, and likeMr y ^' wife related the Condition and Strength of Fanamcm^ J^^ which was the main thing they enquired after j i^WLil' p^j Captain Wright "w^iS fent thither purpofely to geta \ •} Prifoner that was able to inform them of t\M ^'^}^^ Strength of that Qty, becaufe thefe Privateers deE '^^ figned to join all their Force, and by the Afliftancf ^^» ^^ eas. ^ed at large, 7f Caraccos. nof Coma* lilh Tobacco. :araccos. Of 'he Authof'i ire went being Juides thus fa- tv/o Days for Ikes Iflcs, and I'sKey. Here En^ifh Com- The Tti'vateers Inteltigenee. %f cf the Indians^ (who had promifcd to be their Guides) «'»• 1681; to march over land to Panama \ and there is no o- ^"OT^ ther way of getting Prifoners for thatparpofe, but by abfconding between Chagra and Portabell^ becaufe there are much Goods brought that way from Pa- Mama ; efpecially when the Armado lyeth at Porta* hell. All the Commanders were aboard of Captain Wrigot when we came into the Fleet •, and were mighty inquifitive of the Prifoners to know the Truth of what they related concerning us. But as foon as they knew we were come, they immediately came aboard of Captian Trifiian, being»all over- joyed to fee us ; for Captain Coxon, and many o- thers, had left us in the South-Seas about 1 2 Months fince, and had never heard what became of us fince that time. They enquired of us what we did there ? .— how we lived? how far we uadbeen? and what *?* r^" ^B Discoveries we made in thofe Seas ? After we had Englt/htnen, Banfwered thefe general Queftions, they began to be ) ^ »* ■"^0'"^ particular in examining us concerning our ^bout6o Men,|paflrage through the Country from the South-Seas. • a Dutchman Byrg related the whole matter •, giving them an ac- Frencb ^omm^^^^^ ^f ^^^ Fatigues of our March, and the In< manders an(lBjQn^gj^jgj^^,;^g ^^ fuffered by the Rains 5 and dif- ^^"* r ' fr^^''^"^^ th^»^ q"ife f'*om that defign. Fleet, CaptainB 'j-^^j^ ^^ey propofed feveral other Places where ; River, arriveOBfyj,^ ^ p^j.jy Qf ^^^^ ^g ^^^.^ j^^^ g^t together might oa or Pc'"*^g'Jmake a Voyage i but the Objeftions of fome or other here. Sonie ^MMl hinder'd any proceeding : For the Privateers •S^» ^^T^ "Ihave an account of moft Towns within 20 Leagues e took '^^^' ^"lof the Sea, on all the Coaft from Trinidado down to ^"^' f^n I^^ ^^^^ Cruz i and are able to give a near guefs of gth of Panamm^^ Strength and Riches of them : For they make it uired after •, tojjj^jj. ^^^^^^^^ ^^ examine all Prifoners that fall in- pofely to get J ^^ ^^^■^^ Hands, concerning the Country, Town, 1 them or tw ^^ q^^ ^j^^^ ^^^^ belong to •, whether born e Privateers tie ^j^^^.^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ j^^^^ known it ? how ma- y the "^IViw^n^Jiy. Families, whether moft Spaniards ? or whether the 28 Cruijtng on the Weft-India Coafl. 'Jn, 1681 . the major-part are not Copper-colour*d, as Mulat- ^yy^^ toesy Muftefoes, or Indians ? whether rich, and what | their Riches do confift in ? and what their chiefeft Manufadures ? if fortified, how many great Guns, and what Number of fmall Arms ? whether it is I poffible to come undefcrib'd on them ? Ho'w many Look-outs or Centinels ; for fuch the Spaniards al- ways keep ? and how the Look-outs are placed ? j "Whether poffible to avoid the Look-outs, or take them ? If any River or Creek comes near it, or where the beft Landing ; with innumerable other fuch Queftions, which their Curiofities led them [ to demand. And if they have had any former Dif- courfe of fuch Places from other Prifoners, they I compare one with the other i then examine again, and enquire if he or any of them are capable to be Guides toConduft aParty of Men thither : if not, where and how any Prifoner may be taken that may do it ; and from thence they afterwards lay their Schemes to profecute whatever defign they take in Hand. It was 7 or 8 Days after before any Refolution was! taken, yet Confultations were held every Day. The! French feemed very forward to go to any Town that] the Englijh could or would propofe, becaufe the Go- vernpur of Peiiit Guavos (from whom the Privateersl take Commiffions) had recommended aGentleman[ lately come from France to be General of the Expe- dition, and fent Word by Captain Tucker, withi whom this Gentleman came, that they Ihould, ifl poffible, make an Attempt on fome Town bef6re[ he returned again. The Englijh when they were inj Company with the French, feem*d to approve of what the French faid, but never looked on that Ge-| jieral to be fit for the Service in Hand. • At lengt*! it was concluded to go to a Town,! the Name of which I have forgot •, it lies a great wayl in the Country, but not fuch a tedious march as it| wouM w i The Ip of St. Andreas. ip would be from hence to Panama. Our way to it ^'»- » 5?[j lay up Carpenter^s River, which is about 60 Leagues '^^^Y^**' to the Weftward of Portabell. Our greateft Obftruc- tion in this Defign was our want of Boats : therefore it was concluded to go with all our Fleet to St. An- dreas, a fmall uninhabited Ifland lying near the Ifle of Providence, to the Weftward of it, in 1 3 deg. 1 5 Min. North Lat. and from Portabell N. N. W. about 70 Leagues •, where we fhould be but a little way from Carpenter's River. And befides, at this Ifland we might build Canoas, it being plentifully ftored with large Cedars for fuch a purpofe ; and for this Reafon the Jamaica-men come hither frequently to build Sloops ; Cedar being very fit for Building, and it being to be had here at free- coft ; befide other Wood. Jamaica is well ftored with Cedars of its chiefly among the Rocky Mountains : thefe own. ajfo of St. Andreas grow in ftony Ground, and arc the laigeft that ever I knew or heard of ; the Bo- dies alone being ordinarily 40 or 50 Foot long, ma- ny 60 or 70 and upwards, and of a proportionable Bignefs. The Bermudas Ifles are well flored with them •, fo is Virginia, which is generally afandy Soil* I faw none in the Eaft-Indies, nor in the South-Sea Coaft, except on the Ifthmus as I came over it. We reckon the Periagoes and Canoas that are made of Cedar to be the beft of any •, 'they are nothing but the Tree it felf made hollow Boatwife, with a flat bottom, and the Canoa generally fharp at both ends, the Periago at one only, with the other end flat. But what is commonly faid of Cedar, that the Worm will not touch it, is a miftake, for I have feen of it very much Worm-eaten. All Things being thus concluded on, we failed from hcnce,dire6ting our courfe towards Sl.Andveas. We kept Company the firft Day,but at Night it blew a hard gale at N. E. and fomc of our Ships bore a- way : the next Day others were forced to J.cavc us, and w^V%; 30 The Trivateers feparate. An. 1681. and the fecond Night we loft all our Company. I " ^^ ' was now belonging to Captain Archemho^ for all the reft of the Fleet were over-mann'd : C^i^t. Archemk wanting Men, we that came out of the South-Seas muft either fail with him, or remain among the Indi- ans. Indeed we found no Caufe to diflike the Cap- tain ; but his French Seamen were the faddeft Crea- tures that ever I was among ; for tho* we had bad "Weather that requir*d many Hands aloft, yet the biggeft part of them never ftirr*d out of their Ham- mocks, but to eat or eafe themfelves. We made a fhift to find the Ifland the fourth Day, where we met Capt. H'Ytght^ who came thither the Day before, and had taken a Spanijh Tartan, wherein were 30 Men, all well armed : She had 4 Patereroes, and fome long Guns plac*d in the Swivel on the Gunhel. They fought an Hour before they yielded. The News they related was, that they came from Carta- gena in Company of 1 1 Armadilloes Cwhich are fmallBjjer while V'eflels of War) to feek for the Fleet of PrivateersBThunder-ft lying in the Samballoes : That they parted from thcB^^re being Armadilloes 2 Days before : That they were orderedB^ing there to fearch the Samballoes for us, and if they did notWacl but litt find us, then they were ordered to go to Portabell^^ queft of and lay there till they had farther Intelligence of us, and he fuppofed thefe Armadilloes to be now there. We that came over Land out of the South-Seas be- ing weary of living among the French, defired Cap- tain Wright to fit up his Prize the Tartan,and make HTi we w bemho, b ioas to tr f he wouj bliged V hey pleaf ntertain t When I greed wii is Comm nanimoiii We ftaic four Flee ore of u yight, C; herefore irher for B nd we del] a Man of War of her for us, which he at firft fecmcdpere we ar to decline, becaufe he was fettled among the French in Hifpaniola^ and was very well beloved both by the Governour of Pettit Guavos, and all the Gentry } and they would refent it ill, that Captain Wright, who had no occafion of Men, fhould be fo unkind to Captain Archembo, as to feduce his Men from him ; he being fo meanly mann'd that he could ^^^e Slaves hardly fail his Ship with his Frenchmen^ We told lem that h him or fome Ifli rivateers orn there hich are j Hands, Jyin ne of thei )r here are I'e ; who 'riv^teers i'hen they { lie Ships 7he Corn-Hlands.' 31 im we would no longer remain with Captain ytr- An. i68f henibo^ but would go afhore there, and build Ca- ^^'Y^ oas to tranfport our felves down to the Moshtoes^ f he would not entertain us •, for Privateers are not bliged to* any Ship, but free to go afhore where hey plede, or to go into any other Ship that will ntertain them, only paying for their Provifion. When Captain J'Vright faw our Refolutions, he greed with us on Condition we fhould be under is Command, as one Ship's Company, to which we nanimoufly confented. We ftaid here about i o Days, to fee if any more f our Fleet would come to us -, but there came no ore of us to the Ifland but three, viz. Captain yight^ Captain Archemho, and Captain Tucker. herefore we concluded the reft were bore away ither for Boccatora, or Bluefields River on the Main ; nd we defigned to feek them. We had fine Wea- :h are fmallBj^^f while we lay here, only fome Tornadoes, or • PrivateersW^J^^nder-fhores : But in this Ifle of St. Andreas, id from theB^^re being neither Fiih, Fowl, nor Deer, and it ere orderedB>'^'"g therefore tut an ordinary Place for rs, who ley did notW^d but little Provifion, we failed from hence again ) PortabellM[^ queft of our fcattered Fleet, directing our Courfe renceof us,ftr ^on^e Iflaids lying near the Main, called by the now there. ■"vateers the Corn-IJlands ; being in hopes to get uth-Seas be-f or" there. Thefe Iflands I take to be the fame efired Cap-J'^^'ch are generally called in the Maps the Pearl npany. I for all the t.Archemk >outh-Seas g the Indi- I the Cap- Ideft Crea- te had bad t, yet the :heirHam- Ve made a where we )ay before, in were 30 •eroes, and he Gunnel, ded. The i-om Carta ,and make firft fecmcd the French ;d both by he Gentry i ain Wright^ e fo unkind Men from It he couk We told him 'llands^ lying i'.bout the Lat. of 12 D. 10 M. North. lere we arrived the next Day, and went afhore on ne of them, but found none of the Inhabitants ; or here are but a few poor naked hid'ums that live ere ; who have been fo often plundered by the Vivateers that they have but little Provifion -, and I'hen they fee a Sail they hide themfelves ; other- r'ife Ships that come here would take them, and nake Slaves of them -, and I have feen fome of liem that have been Slaves. They are People of a 2 mean syyT^ 3 2 The Indians of the Corn-Iflands. y»j^'mean Stature, yet ftrong Limbs ; they are of a Harl(| Copper-colour, black Hair, full round Faces, fmall| black Eyes, their Eyebrows hanging over thcii Eyes, low Foreheads, fhort thick Nofes, not high,! but flattifli i full Lips, and fhort Chins. They havj a Fafliion to cut Holes in the Lip of the Boys when they are young, clofe to their Chin ; which theyl keep open with little Pegs till the are 14 or 15 Years old : then the wear Beards in them, madeofTur- tie or Tortoife-lhcll, in the for you fee in the Margin. The littli notch at the Upper-end they putii through the Lip, where it remai between the Teeth and the Lip the Under-part hangs down ovei their Chin. This they commonly wear all Dajj and when they fleep they take it out. They hav: like wife Holes bored in their Ears, both Men ani Women when young ; and by continual ftretchin| them with great Pegs, they grow to be as big as mill*d five Shilling-piece. Herein they wear pieo of Wood cut very round and fmooth, fo that theii Ear feems to be all Wood, with a little Skin abou| it. Another Ornament the Women ufe is abo their Legs, which they are very curious in •, fo| from the Infancy of the Girls, their Mothers maki faft a Piece of Cotton Cloath about the fmall their Leg, from the Ankle to the Calf, very hard which makes them have a very full Calf : This tli Women wear to their dying Day. Both Men am Women go naked, only a Clout about their Waftes yet they have but little Feet, though they go bai Fool Finding no Provifion here, we failed to ward Bluefield River, where we careened our Tai tane ; and there Captain Archemho and Captain 'Tud tr left us, and went towards Boccotoro, Ti » Blcwfield'x River. ft This -Blewjield's Riter comes out between the Ri- vers of Nicargua and Veragna. At its Mouth is a fine I'andy Bay, where Barks may clean : It is deep at its Mouth, butaShole within ; fo that Ships may not enter, yet 3arks of 60 or 70 Tuns may. It had this Name from Captain Blewfield^ a famous Priva- teer living on Providence Ifland long before Jamaica was taken. Which Ifland of Providence was fettled by the Englijh^ and belonged to the Earls of JVarwicL In this River we found a Canoa coming down the Stream ; and though we went with our Canoas to feek for Inhabitants, yet we found none, but faw in two or three Places figns that Indians had made on the Side of the River. The Canoa which we found was but meanly made for want of Tools, therefore we concluded thefe Indians have no Commerce with the Spaniards^ nor with other Indians that have. While we lay here, omMoskito Men went in their Canoa, and ftruck us fome Manatee, or Sea-Cow. Befides this Blewfield's River, I have feen of the Ma- natee in the Bay of Campeacby, on the Coafts of Boc^ ta del Drago, and Bccco delToro, in the River of D«- rien, and among the South Keys or little Iflands of Cuba. I have lieard of their being found on the North of Jamaica a few, and in the Rivers of Suri- nam in great Multitudes, which is a very low Land. I have feen of them alfo at Mindanea one of the PhUippine Iflands, and on the Coaft of New Holland, This Creature is about the Bigncfs of a Hoo-fe, and 10 or 12 Foot long. The Mouth of it ismuchlike the Mouth^of aCow, having great thick Lips. Ths Eyes are no bigger than a Imall Pea j the Ears are only two fmall holes op each fide of the Head. The Neck is Ihort and thick^, bigger than the Head. The biggcft Part of this Cteature is at the Shoulders, where it hath two large \Fins, one on each fide of its Belly. Under each of thefe Fins the Female hath a finall Dug to fuckle her young. From the D Shoul- 33 An. 1 681; 34 The Manatee, or Sed'Cow* An. 1 68 1. Shoulders towards the Tail it retains its bigncfs for ^OP^ about a Foot, then groweth fmaller and fmaUcr to the very Tail, which is flat, and about 14 Inches broad, and 2c Inches long, and in the Middle 4 or 5 Inches thick, but about thi- Edges of it not above 2 Inches thick. From the Head to the Tail it is round and fmooth without any Fin but thofc two before- mentioned. 1 have heard that fome have weighed above 1200/. but I never faw any fo large. The Manatee delights to live in brackifh Water i and they are comrtionly in Creeks and Rivers near the Sea. 'Tis for this Reafon pofllbly they arc notfecn in the South-Seas ( that ever I could obferve ) where the Coaft is generally a bold Shore, that is, high Land and deep Water clofe home by it, with a high Sea or great Surges, except in the Bay of Panama j yet even there is no Manatee. Whereas the JVeJi- Indies^ being as it were, one great Bay compofedof| many fmaller,are moftly low Land and Ihoal Water, and afford proper Failure fas I may fay) for the Ma- natee. Sometimes we find them in . fait Water, fometimes in frelli ; but never far at Sea. And thofe that live in the Sea at fuch Places where there is no River nor Creek fit for tliem to enter, yet do commonly come once or twice iii 24 Hours to the Mouth of any frefli Water River that is near their Place of Abode. They live on Grafs 7 or 8 Inches long, and of a narrow Blade, which grows in tj;ie Sea in many places, efpecially among Iflands near the Main. This Grafs groweth likewife in Creeks, or in great Rivers near the Sides of them, in fuch places where there is but little Tide or Current. They never come afliore, nor into (liallower Water than where they can fwim. Their Flelh is white, both the Fat and the Lean, and extraordinary fwect, wholefome Meat. The Tail of a young Cowis moft efteem'd "; but if old both Head and Tail arc very tough. A Calf that fucks is the moft delicate Meat; Privateers Thi Manatee, or Sea-Cow, 3 5 Privateers commonly roaft them ; as they do alio -f»^i68iJ great pieces cut out of the Bellies of the old ones. The Skin of the Manatee is of great ufe to Priva- teers, for they cut them into Straps, which they make faft on the Sides of their Canoas thro* which they put their Oars in rowing, inftead of Tholes or Pegs. The Skin of the Bull, or of the Back of the Cow is too thick for this ufe \ but of it they make Horfe-whips, cutting them 2 or 3 Foot long: ac the Handle they leave the full Subftance of the Skin, and from thence cut it away tapering, but very even and fquare all the four Sides. While the Thongs are green they twift them, and hang them to dry \ which in a Weeks time become as hard as Wood, The Moskito Men have always a fmall Canoa for their ufe to ftrike Fifh, Tortoife, or Manatee, which they keep ufually to themfelves, and very neat and clean. They ufe no Oars but Paddles, the broad Part of which doth not go tapering towards the Staff, Pole or Shandle of it, as in the Oar ; nor do they ufe it in the fame manner, by laying it on the Side of the Veffel ; but hold it perpendicular, griping the Staff hard with both Hands, and putting bacKL the Water by main Strength, and very quick Strokes. One of the Moskitoes (for they go but two in a Canoa ) fits in the Stern, the other kneels down in the Head, and both paddle till they come to the place where they expedt their Game. Then they lye ftill or paddle very foftly, looking well about them } and he that is in the Head of the Canoa lays down his Paddle, and ftands up with his ftriking Staff in his Hand. This Staff is about 8 Foot long, almoft as big as a Man's Arm at the great End, in which there is a Hole to place his Harpoon in. At the other End of his Staff there is a piece of light Wood called Bobwood, with a Hole in it, through which the Imail End of the Staff comes j and on this piece of Bobwood there is a Line of 10 or 12 Fa- D 2 thorn 3 but he rowed and towed, and they fup- pofed he got away : That Capt. Pain was likewifc chaced by them and Capt. Williams ; and that they had net feen them fince they lay within the Iflands : That iht Spaniards never came in to him ; and that Capt. Coxon was in at the careening Place. This Boca-'toro is a place that the Privateers ufe to refort to, as much as any place on all the Coaft, be- caufe here is plenty of green Tortoife, and a good careening Place. The Indians here have no Com- merce with the Spaniards -, but are very barbarous and will not be dealt with. They have deftroyed . many Privateers, as they did not long ifter this fome of Capt. Pain*& Men j who having built a Tent afhore to put his Goods in while he careened his Ship, and fome Men lying there with their Arms, in the Night the Indians crept foftly into the Tent, and cut off the Heads of three or four Men, and iuadn their efcapc \ nor was this the firft time they had ferved the Privateers fo. There grow on this Coafl: Vinelloes in great quantity, with which Choco- late is perfumed. Thefc I fliall defcribe elfe where. Our Fleet being thus fcattered, there were now I no liopes of getting together again; therefore every | one did what they thought, moft conducing to ob- tain their Ends. Capt. IVright, with whom I now| was, was refolved to cruife on the Coaft of Carta- gene-, and it being now almoft the Wellerly Winri- Seaf(iRj Teint Samballas, a7id its I [lands. 39 Scafon, we failed from hence, and Capt. Tanky An. i()%u with us i and we confortcd, becaufe Capt. Tanky had ^•^''Y^ no Commiffion, and was afraid the French would take away his Bark. We paft by Scuda^ a fmall Ifland (wncre'tis faid Sir Francis Drake*^ Bowels were biiry'djand came to a fmall River to Weftward of Chagrf i where we took two new Canoas, and car • ry'cf them with us into the Safnballoes. We had the wind at WefV, with much Rain *, which brought us to Point-Samhallas. Here Capt. Upright and Capt. Tank^ left us in the Tartane to fix the Canoas, while they went on the Coaft of Cartagene to fcek for Provifion. We cruifed in among the Iflands, and kept our Moskito-inen^ or Strikers out, who brought aboard fome half-grown Tortoife i and fomc of us went alhore every Day to hunt for what we could find in the Woods : Sometimes we got Pfcary^ tVarree or Deer ; at other times we light on a drove of 1' rge fat Monkeys, or ^ames, Corrofoes^ (each a large fort of Fowlj Pigeons, Parrots, or Turtle- doves Wc liv*d very well on what we got, not ftayinj.. long in one place i but fometimes we would go on the Iflands, where there grow great Groves of SapadilloeSy which is a fort of Fruit much like a Pear, but more juicy j and under thofe Trees v/e found plenty of Soldiers, a little kind of Animals that live in Shells, and have two great Claws like a Crab, and arc good food. One time our Men found a great many large ones, and being fharp-fct had them dreft, but moft of them were very fic^' afterwards, being poifoned by them : For on this Ifland were many Manchatieel Trees, whole Fruit is like a fmall Crab, and fmells very well, but they are not wholefome \ and we commonly take care of meddling with any Animals that eat them. And this we take for a general Rule j when we fiiid any Fruits that we have not feen before, if we fee them peck'd by Birds, we may freely eat, but i^ we fee D 4 no ■X. ^ 46 RivfT of Daricn.' "JH. i68i.no fuch fign, we let them alone ; for of this Fruit no Birds will tafte. Many of thcfe Iflands have of | thefe Manchaneel Trees growing on them. Thus cruifing in among thcfe Iflands, at length I we came again to La Soumrs Key ; and the Day be- fore having met with a Jamaica Sloop that was come over on the Coaft to Trade, /he went with us. Ii | was in the Evening when we came to an Anchor, and the next Morning we fired two Guns for t'^e In- \ dians that lived on the Main to come aboard *, for by this time we concluded we fhould hear from our I five Msn that we left in the Heart of the Country among the Indians^ this being about the latter End | of Auguft^ and it was the Beginning of Ma'j when we parted from them. According to our ExpeAati- ons the Indians came aboard, and brought our Friends I with them: Mr. fFafer wore a Clout ahour him, and was painted like an Indian y and he wa > fomc time aboard before I knew him. One of them, named Richard C oh/on, died within three or four Days | after, and was buried on La Sound*s Key, After this we went to other Keys, to the Eaft-I ward of thefe, to meet Capt. IVright and Cajpt. Tanky, who met with a Fleet of Periagoes laden with Indian Corn, Hog and Fowls; going to Car-l tagene\ being com oyed by a fmall Armadilly of | two Guns and fix Patereroes. Her they chacea a- fhore, and mod of the Periagoes ; but they got two of them off, and brought them away. Here Capt. lVrigbt*s and Capt. Tanky's Barks were clean*d ; and we ftock*d our felves with Corn, and then went towards the Coaft of Cartagene. In our way thither we pafled by the River of Darien\ which is very broad at the Mouth, but not above 6 Foot Water on a Spring-tide ; for the Tide rifeth but little here. Capt. Coxon, about 6 Months be- fore we cp,me out of the South-Seas^ went u^ this Ri- ver wifli a party of Mqn : every Man carry'd a fmall ftrong PFild Indians: 4t IrongBag to put his Gold in ; cxpcfting grcatRich- -^w >^'*» li there, tho* they got little or none. They rowed up *Or^ ibout IOC Leagues before they came to any Settlc- icnt, and then found fotne Spaniards^ who lived there to truck with the Indians for Gold ; there being rold Scales in every Houfe. T he Spaniards admired low they came fo far from the Mouth of the River, jecaufc there arc a fort of Indians living between fhat Place and the Sea, who arc very dreadful to the Spaniards, and will not have any Commerce with [hem, nor with any white People. They ufeTrunks pout 8 foot long, out of which they blow poifoned )arts ; and are fo filent in their Attacks on their Enemies, and retreat fo nimbly again, that the Spa- ■ tiards can never find them. Their Darts arc made ^f Macaw-wood, being about the bignefs and length ^f a Knitting-needle; one end is wound about with Cotton, the other end is extraordinary (harp and lall } and is jagged with notches like a Harpoon : BO th&t whatever it ftrikes into, it immediately ^aks off, by the Weight of the biggeft end i which is not of llrength to bear, fit being made fo flen- |er for that purpofe) and is very difficult to be got lut again, by reafon of thofe notches. Thefe Indi- Ins have always "War with our Darien friendly Indi" p;j, and live on both fides this great River 50 or 60 .eagues from the Sea, but not near the Mouth of le River. There are abundance of Manatee in this Liver, and fome Creieks belonging to it. This Re- ition I had from feveral Men who accompanied fapt. Coxon in that difcovcrv ; and from Mr. Cook particular, who was with them, and is a very in- clligent Perfon : He is now chief Mate of a Ship )und to Guinea. To return therefore to tfhe Profe- jtion of our Voyage ; meeting with nothing of )te, we pafl*e3, by Carthagene •, which is a City fo [ell known, that I (hall fay nothing of it. We fail- by in fight of it> for it lies open to the Sea : and bad Va Santa-Martha. Its High Land, ^iiJ^'* ^^^ * ^^^^ ^*^^ °^ Af<2^r^ dePo^a^ or NueftraSenmn de Popa, 2L Monaftery of the Virgin Mary's^ ftandi on the top of a very deep Hill juft behind Cartam It is a Place of incredible Wealth, by reafon of tl Offerings made here continually j and for this ri fon often in danger of being vifited by the Privateci did not the neighbourhood of Cartagene keep thci in awe. 'Tis in fliort, the very Loretto of the Wtl\ Indies : It hath innumerable Miracles related of ii Any Misfortune that befalls the Privateers is atti^ buted to this Lady's doing ; and the Spaniards port that fhe was aboard that Night the Oxford M of W;ar was blown up at the Ifle of Facca near H\ faniola, and that flie came home all wet ; as bclii fhe often returns with her Cloaths dirty and c with pafling thro' Woods and bad ways, when ihc been out upon any Expedition *, deferving dou lefs anew Suit for fuch eminent Pieces of Service. ; From hence we pafled on to the Rio Grande^ whei we took up frefh Water at Sea, a League oflF tlB'^Y'luT'c* and mac ward, pafling by St. Martha a large Town, good harbour, belonging to the Spaniards : yet hai it within thefe few Years been twice taken by Privateers. It ftands clofe upon the Sea, and tl Hill within Land is a very large one, towering up, great heighth from a vafl Body of Land. I am Opinion that it is higher than the Pike of Tenarij^ others alfo that have feen both think the fame ; tf its bignefs makes its heighth lefs fcnfible. \ ha feen it in pafling by, 3oLeagues off at Sea *, othci as thev told me, above 60 : and feveral have tol me, that they have feen at once, Jamaica, Hifpank and the high Land of Santa Martha ; and yet oeareft of thefe two Places is diftant from it i Leagues *, and Jamaica, which is fartheft: off, is '•■mmatca-m m counted near 150 Leagues ; and I queilion whethK^ ^' ^I any Land on either of thofe two Iflajids may be fcA- -.1 .^ _* .■'" 2^*avv w< id brough went to n Village fifhforP agues of lither the ivers go hich is le ey come u tey do till ere theo ns open r to look ten fecure ^eatl Fijbery, ~ 4, Leagues. It's Head is generally hid in the Clouds ; - but if we could go to St. Thomas, %/^>r>^ 46 IJle of Qucrifao. An. i68i.q%omas, which is an Ifland, and free Port, belong] ing to the Danes, and a SanAuary for Privateers] he would fend a Sloop with fuch Goods as we want] cd, and Money to buy the Sugar, which he woul| take at a certain rate ; but it was not agreed to. ^erifao is the only Ifland of Importance that tli Dutch have in the JVeJl-Indies, It is about 5 Lcaguj in length, and may be 9 or 1^ in circumference : tij Northermoft point is laid down in North lat. 12^ 40 m. and it is about 7 or SjLeagues from the Maiiii near Cape Roman. On the South fide of the Eatj end is a good Harbour, call*d SantaBarbara ; buti chiefeft Harbour is about 3 Leagues from the S. end, on the South-fide of it where the Dutch havc| very good Town, and a very fl:rong Fort. Shifl bound in thither mufl: be fure to keep clofe to Harbour's Mouth, and have a Hafar or Rope readj to fend one end alhore to the Fort : for there is 1 Anchoring at the entrance of the Harbour, andtl| Current always fets to the Wefl:ward. But beii got in, it is a very fecure Port for Ships citht. careen, or lye fafe. At the Eafl:-end are t^^o Hillj one of them is much higher than the other, ao fteepeft towards theNorth-^: ie.The reft of the Iflaiil is indifferent level -, wh^fc of late forne rich Ma have made Sugar-works ; which formerly was all Pj fture for Cattle : there u.e alfo fomefmall Planta ons of Potatoes and Yams, and they have ftilll great many Cattle on the Ifland ; but it is not iiiiich tfteemcd for its produce, as for its Situati{| for the Trade with the Spaniard. Formerly the " hour was never without Ships from Cartagene Portahell, that did ufe to buy oi iht Dutch loooi 1500 Negroes at once, befidcs great quantities! European Commodities \ but of late that Trade] fallen into the Hands of the Englifh at Jamaica : ftill the Dutch'^h^ivc a vaft Trade over all the ^(J IfidieSy fending from Holland Ships of good force I D* EftrccV Expedition. 47 in with European Goods, whereby they make very An. i«8i. fofitable returns. The Dutch have two other I- W^ Inds here, but of little Moment in romparifon of uerifao i the one lieth 7 or 8 Leagues to the Weft-, ird of ^erifao, called Jruba ; the other 9 or 10 eagues to the Eaftward of it, cali'd Bon- Airy. torn thefe Iflands the Dutch fetch in Sloops Provi- in for ^erifao to.maintain their Garrifon and Ne- loes. I was never at Aruha, therefore cannot fay ly Thing of it as to my own Knowledge •, but by port it is much like Don-Airy, which I Ihall de- fibc, only not fo big. Between ^erifao and Bon- ir) is a fmall Ifland called Little ^erifaoy it is not love a League from Great ^erijao. The King of \ance has long had an Eye on ^erifao, and made ne Attempts to take it, but never yet fucceeded. .lave heard that about 23 or '^4 Years fince the jvernour had fold it to the French, but dy*d a [all Time before thepleet came to demand it, and I his Death that defign failed. Afterwards, in the bar 1678, the Count D* Eftree, who a Year before Id taken the Ifle of Tot?ago from the Duich, was it thither alfo with a Squadron of ftout Ships, \y well mann'd, and fitted with Bombs and Car- Tes ; intending to take it by ftorm. This Flee'c came to Martinico ; where, while they ftaid, Jers were fent to Petit Guavers, for all Privateers Ircpair thither, and affift the Count in his Defign. lunc ; but in their way to ^erifao, the whole let was loft on a RifF or Ridge of Rocks, that ks off from the Ille of Aves ; not above two Ships ^ping, one of which was one of the PriVi-^^teers ;. fo that defign periftied. 7herefore not driving a Bargain for our Sugar itheGovcrnour of ^erifao,wG went from thence to s^rv^ 48 IJfe of Bon-Airy. ^^*i?V ^^ Soft'j^ir^ , another Dutch Ifland, where we met| D«/f/^Sloop come fromEurope, laden with Iti/h Bed which we bought in exchange for fome of our SugJ Bon-jiiry is the Eaftermoft of the Duicb IflaM and is the largeft of the three, though not the ni cpnfiderable. The middle of the Ifland is laiddod in Lat. 1 2 d. i6 m. It is about 20 Leagues fromt Main, and 9 or 10 from ^erifao, and is accountj 1 6 or 17 Leagues round. The Road is on the SJ fide, near the middle of the Ifland ; where there ii[ pretty deep Bay runs in. Ships that come from t| Eaftward luff up clofe to the Eaftern ftiore : and! go their Anchor in 60 fathom Water, within halj Cabels length of the fhore. But at the fame Tij they muft be ready with a Boat to carry a Hafarj Rope, and make it faft a fhore i otherwifewhent Land-wind comes in the night, the Ship would dii off to Sea again •, for the Ground is fo deep, thatJ Anchor can hold if once it flirts. About half a Ml to theWeftward of this Anchoring-place there isl fmall low Ifland, and a Channel between it and^ main Ifland. The Houfes are about hatf a Mile within La right in the Road : There is a Governour lives hel a Deputy to the Governour of ^terifao, and 7 oi| Soldiers, with 5 or 6 Families of Indians. Then no Fort ; and the Soldiers in peaceable Times little to do but to eat and fleep, for they nei watch but in Time of War. The Indians are bandmen, and plant Maiz and Guinea-Corn^ fome Yams, and Potatoes : but their chiefeft 6J nefs is about Cattle ; for this Ifland is plentifJ ftocked with Goats : and they fend great QuantiJ every Year in Salt to ^ertfao. There are fof Horfes, and Bulls and Cows •, but I never faw Sheep, tho' I have been all over the Ifland. South-fide is plain low Land, and there arc fevJ forts of Trees, but non« very large. There is am Sp Booby and Man-of- War- Birds. 49 Spring of Water by the Houfes, which ferves the ^n- i68t. Inhabitants, tho* it is blackilh. At the Weft-end ^■'^'^ of the Ifland there is a go^d Spr'ng of frefh Wa« ter, and three or four Indian Families Jive there, but no Water nor Houfes at any other place. On the South-fide near the Eaft-end is a good Salt- pond, where D/^/f^ Sloops come for Salt. From Bon-Air'^ we went to the Ifle of Aves^ or Birds i fo called from its great plenty of Birds, as Men-of-War and Boobies ; biit efpecially Boobies. The Booby is a Water-fowl, fomewhat lefs than a Hen, of a light grayilh Colour. I obferved the Boobies of this Idand to be whiter than others. This Bird hath a ftrong Bill, longer and bigger than a Crow's, and broader at the End : Her feet are flat like a Duck's Feet. It is a very fimple Creature, and will hardly go out of a Man's way. In other places they build their Nefts on the Ground, but here they build on Trees ; which I never faw any where el ft* *, tho* I have feen of them in a great many Places. Their Flefli is black and eats filhy, but are often eaten by the Privateers. Their Numbers have been much leflened by the French Fleet which was loft here, as I Ihall give an account. The Man-ofWar fas it is called by the Englijh) is about the Bignefs of a Kite, and in fliape like it, but black ; and the Neck is red. It lives on Fifh, ytt never lights on the Water, but foars aloft like a Kite, and when it fees its Prey, it flies down Head foremoft to the Water's Edge very fwiftly, takes its Prey out of the Sea with it Bill, and immediate- ly mounts again as fwiftly, and never touching the Water with his Bill. His Wings ar^ very lon^ j his Feet are like other Land-fowl, and he builds on Trees where he finds any j but where they are want- ing, on the Ground. This Ifland Aves lies about 8 or 9 Leagues to the Eaftward of the Ifland iBo«-y^fVy, about 14 or 15 Vol. I. £ Leagues 50 D' Eftree'^ ShtpwracL An. 1 6S 2. Leagues from the Main, and about the Lat. ofi i d. ^•'"V"^' 45 m. North. It is but fmall, not above four Mile in | length, and towards the Eaft-end not half a Mile broad. On the North- fide it is low Laud, commonly I overflo.vn with the Tide i but on the South- fide there I is a great rocky Bank of Coral thrown up by the Sea. Th° Weft-end is, for neer a Mile fpar--, plain rver- " . vii -inah Land, without any Trees. 1 here arej 2 Of < V/clls dug by Privateers, who often frequent j thi^ lO ;.d, becaule there is a good Harbour aboutj the midci' ^f it on the North-fide, where they may] Eonveniently earthen. The Riff or Bank of Rocks on which the Frrficb Fleet was loft, as I mentionedl above, runs along from the Eaft-end to the North- ward about 3 Mile, then trends away to the Weft- 1 ward, making as it were a Half Moon. This Riff breaks oft' all the Sea, and there is good Riding in i even fimdy Ground to the Weft ward of it. There are 2 or 3 fmall low fandy Keys or Iflands within this Riff, about 3 Miles from the main Ifland. The Count d*EJlree loft his Fleet here in this manner. Coming from the Eaftward, he fell in on the Back of the Riff, and fired Guns to give warning to the reft of hi$| Fleet: ^ut they Uippofing their Admiral was enga- ged with Enemies, hoifted up their Topfails, andl croudcd all the Sails they could make, and ran full fail alhore after him -, all within half a Mile of each other. For his Light being in the Main-Top was an unhappy Beacon for them to follow ; and there ef- caped but one King's Ship, and one Privateer. The I Ships continued whole all Day, and the Men had time enough, moft of them, to get aftiore, yet many periftied in the Wreck i and many of thofe that got i'afe on the Ifland, for want of being accuftomeil to| iiich Hardftiips, died like rotten Sheep. But the Pri- vateers who had been ufed to fuch Accidents lived I merrily, from whom I had this relation: and they told mc, that if they ha J gone to Jamaica with 30/. a Mail Pain's Adventure. $i a Man in their Pockets, tlipy could not have enjoy- An. i68i: -"d thcmfelves more: For they ':ept in a Gang by ^'^"V"^*' hemfelves, und watched when the Ships broke, to ^et the GooQs that came from hem, and though much was Itavcd againft the Rocks, yet abundance jf Wine and Brandy flo..ted over the Riff, where the PrivateTs ^- lited to take it up. They lived here about three Weeks, waiting an opportunity to tranf- port themfelves back again to Hifpaniola \ in all which timt they were never without two or three Hogflieads of Wine and Brandy in their Tents, and Barrels of Beef and Pork \ which they could live on without Bread well enough, tho' the new Co- n.ers out of France could not. There were about Forty Frenchmen on board in one of the Ships where there was good ftore of Liquor, till the after-part of her broke away and floated ever the Riff, anc- was cai 1 y*d away to Sea, with all the Men drink- ing and ringing, who being in drink, did not mind the Danger, but were never heard of afterwards. In afhort time after this great Shipwrack, Capr. Pain^ Commander of a Privateer of fix Guns, had a pleafant Accident befel him at this Ifland. H^ came hither to careen, intending to fit himfelf very well i for here lay driven on the Ifland, Maffs, Yards, Timbers, and many things that he wanted, therefore he hailed into the Harbour, clofe to the Ifland, and unrigg*d his Ship. Before he had done, zDiitch Ship of twenty Guns, was fent from ^erifao to take up the Guns that were loft c the Kiff: BuC feeing a Shi^ in the Harbour, and knowing her to be a Fr neb Privateer, they thought to take her firft, and came within a Mile of her, and began to fire at her, intending to warp in the next Day, for it is very narrow going in. Capt. Pain got afliore fome of his Guns, and did what he could to refift them s tho' he did in a manner conclude he muft be taken. But while his Men were thus bufied, he fpy*d a Vol. 1. E 2 Duty'>r>J to think it is fwallowed up in that of Petit-Guavres, the chief Garrifon the French have in thofe Parts. This Ifland we arrived at is pretty large, uninhabi- ted, and abounds with Salt. It is in Lat. 1 1 d. North, | and lyeth Weft and a little northerly from Marga- rita., an Ifland inhabited by the Spaniards, ftrongl and wealthy ; it is diftant from it about 14 Leagues, and 17 or 18 from Cape Blanco on the Main : A Ship being within thefe Iflands, a little to the South- ward may fee at once the Main, Magarita and I Tortuga, when it is clear Weather. The Eaft-end of Tortuga is full of rugged, bare, broken Rocks, which ftretch r.hemfelves a little way out to Sea. At| the S. E. Part is an indifferent good Road for Ships, much frequented in peaceable times by Merchant- Ships, that CO ne thither to lade Salt, in the Months] of May, June, July and Auguft. For at the Eaft- end is a large Salt-pond, within 200 Paces of thel Sea. The Salt begins to kern or grain in AprilX except it is a dry Seafon •, for it is obferved that! Rain makes the Salt kern. I have feen above 20I Sail at a time in this Road come to lade Salt ; and thefe Ships coming from fome of the Caribhe IJlandsA are alway well flored with Rum, Sugar and Lime-i juice to make Punch, to hearten their Men when they are at work, getting and bringing aboard thel Salt i and they commonly provide the more, inl hopes to meet witii Privateers, who refort hither in the aforefaid Months, purpofely to keep a Cbrijlmau as they call it •, being fure to meet with Liquor e- nough to be merry with, and arc very liberal to I thofe that treat them. Near the Weft-end of the Ifland, on the Sc uth-fide, there is a fmall Harbour and fome frefli Water : That End of the Ifland is full of ftirubby Trees, but the Eaft-end is rocky and barren as to Trees, producing only coarfe Grais. There arc fome Goats on it, but not many j and Turtle neXkano, IJk of Bhnco. 's7 [Turtle or Tortoifc come upon the fandy Bays to lay -rf».i68i*^ [their Eggs, and from thence the Ifland nas its name, vOT^ There is no riding any where but in the Roads jwhere the Salt-ponds are, or in the Harbour. At this Ifle we thought to have fold our Sugar a- Imong the Englifi Ships that come hither for Salt } jbut failing there, we defign'd for Trinidada, an Ifland |near the Main, inhabited by the Spaniards^ tolersLbly trong and wealthy ; but the Current and Eafterly ''inds hindring us, we paffed thro* between Mar^ larita and the Main, and went to Blanco, a pretty large Ifland almoft North of Margarita ; about 30 'jcagues from the Main, and in 1 1 d. 50 m. North .at. It is a flat, even, low, uninhabited Ifland, Iry and healthy : mofl: Savannah of long Grafs, and lathfome Trees of Lignum- f^it^s growing in Spots, /ith flirubby Buflies of other Wood about them. It ts plentifully fl:ored with Guano*s^ which are an inimal like a Lizard, but much bigger. The Body |/sas big as the fmall of a Man's Leg, and from the Hind-quarter the Tail grows tapering to the (End, which is very fmall. If a Man takes hold of ^heTail, except very near the Hind-quarter, it will )art and break off in one of the Joints, and the ntaiio will get away. They lay Eggs, as mofl: of ^hofe amphibious Creatures do, and are very good k eat. Their Flefli is much efljeem'd by Privateers, /ho commonly drefs them for their flck Men •, for [hey make very good Broaih. They are of divers Colours, as almoft black, dark-brown, light-brown, }ark-grccn, lighr-green, yellow and fpeckled. They \\\ live as well in the Water as on Land, and fome )f them are conftantly in the Water, and among locks: Thefe are commonly black. Others that live infwampy wet Ground are commonly onBufhes \nd Trees, rhefe are green. But fuch as live in dry nound, as here at Blanco, are commonly yellow; fet thcfe alfo will live in the Water, and are fome- times ' 5 * Modern Changes in the Wcft-Indics^ "J: i68x. times on Trees. The Road is on the N. W. End, *^V^ againft a fmall Cove, or little fandy Bay. There is no riding any where elfe, for it is deep Water, and fteep clofe to the Land. There is one fmall Spring on the Weft-fide, and there is fandy Bays round the Ifland, where Turtle or Tortoife comi up in great abundance, going aihore in the Night. Thefe that frequent this Ifland are called green Tur- tle, and they are the beft of that fort, both for | Largenefs and Sweetrefs of any in all the ffeji-ln- m dies. I would here give a particular Defcription of thefe, and other forts of Turtle in thefe Seas ; but becaufe I fhall have occafion to mention fome other I fort of Turtle when I come again into the South- Seas, that are very different from all thefe, I fhall there give a general Account of all thefe feveral forts at once, that the Diifereilce between theml may be the better difcermd. Some of our modern Descriptions fpeak of Goats on this Ifland. I know not what there may have been formerly, but there are none now to my certain Knowledge ; for my felf, ^nd many more of our Crew, h;\ve been all over it. Indeed thefe parts have undergone great Changes in this laft Age, as well in Places them- felves, as in their Owners, and Commodities of| them i particularly Nomhre de Dios, a City once fa- mous, and which ftill retains a confiderable Name I in fome late Accounts, is now nothing but a Name. For I have lain alhoar in the Place where that City flood -, but it is all over-grown with Wood, fo as| to leave no fign that any Town hath been there. We ftaid at the Ifle of Blanco not above ten Days, | and then went back to Salt-Toriuga again, where Cdpt. 2^anky parted with us : And from thence, af- ter about four Days, all which time our Men were drunk and quarrelling, we in Capt. PFright^s Ship went to the Coaft of Caraccos on the main Land. I This Coaft is upon feveral Accounts very remarka- ble; I 0<«/? ^/ Caracco's. Remarkable Land, 59 : 'Tisa continued Trafl of high Ridges of Hills, An. i€^} id fmall Valleys intermixt, for about 20 Leagues, ' '^''^ Iretching Eaft and Weft, but in fuch manner, that \e Ridges of Hills and the Valleys alternately run )inting upon the Shore from South to North : fhe Valleys are fome of them about 4 or 5, others )t above i or 2 Furlongs wide, and in length from it Sea fcarce any of them above 4 or 5 Mile at [oft i there being a long Ridge of Mountains at lat diftance from the Sea-Coaft, and in a manner irallel to it, that joins thofe (horter Ridges, and lofeth up the South-end of the Valleys, which at |e Nortn-cnds of them lie open to the Sea, and lake fo many little fandy Bays, that are the only anding-places on the Coaft. Both the main Ric ge ^d thefe fhorter Ribs are very high Land, fo that |or 4 Leagues off at Sea the Valleys fcarce appear the Eye, but all look like one great Mountain. rom the Ifles of Roca's about 15, and from the |e of J^ves about 20 Leagues off, we fee this Coaft [ry plain from on hoard our Ships, yet when at ichor on this Coaft, we cannot fee thofe Ifles ; |o' again from the Tops of thefe Hills, they appear if at no great diftance, like fo many Hillocks in iPond. Thefe Hills are barren, except the lower pes of them that are covered with fome of the lame \h black Mould that fills the Valleys, and is as ^od as I have feen. In fome of the Valleys there's Irong red Clay, but in the general they are ex- samly fertile, well-water'd, and inhabited by Spa- irds and their Negroes. They have Maiz and [antains for their Support, with Indian Fowls and le Hogs^ But the main Produft of thefe Val- /s, and indeed the only Commodity it vends, are Cacao-Nuts, of which the Chocolate is made, le Cacao-Tree grows no where irt the North-Seas it in the Bay ofCampeachy, on Cojia Rica, between frtabel an,d Nicaragua, chiefly up Carpenter's Ri- ver j i>4 *5o Of the beft CacaO'Nuts. :^».i68z. yer . and on this Coaft as high as the Ifle of % VOr^ ttidada. In the South-Seas it grows in the River Guiaquilf a little to the Southward of the Liiie, anjj in the Valley of Collima, on the Soutli-nde of M Continent of Mexico \ both vhich places I ilia|| hereafter defcribe. Befides thefe, I am confidei there's no places in the World where the Caca grows, except thofe in Jamaica^ of which there an now but few remaining, of many and large Walk or Plantations of them found there by the En^k at their firft Arrival, and fince planted by themj and even thefe, tho* there is a great deal of Pain and Care beftowed on them, yet feldom come tij any thing, being generally blighted. The Nuts c this Coaft of Cara':cos, tho' lefs than thofe of CojJ Rica^ which are large flat Nuts, yet are better anl latter, in my Opinion, being fo very oily, that wi| are forced to ufe Water in rubbing them up •, an the Spaniards that live here, inftead of parching then to get off the Shell before they pound or rub theul to make Chocolate, do in a manner burn them t{ dry up the Oil; for elfe, they fay, .'t Would fil them too full of Blood, drinking Chocolate as theJ do, five or fix times a Day. My worthy Confon Mr. Ringrofe commends moft the Guiaquil Nut i 1 prefume, becaufe he had little Knowledge of tlij reft i for being intimately acquainted with him, know the Courfe of his Travels and Experience] But I am perfuaded, had he known the reft fowcll us I pretend to Jk'vc done, who have at ^everaf times been long ufed to, and in a manner lived up on all the fcveral forts of them abpve-mentioncd he would prefer the Caraccos Nuts before any other] yet poflibly tlie drying up of thefe Nuts fo muclT by the Spaniards here, as I faid, may lefien theij Efteem with thofe Europeans^ that ufe their Cho col ..e ready rubb'd up : So that we always chofij to make it up our felves, Th The CacoaTree, 6t The Cacao Tree hath a Body about a Foot and an An.i&Zz. ilf thick (the Jargeft fort; and 7 or 8 Foot high, to S^^TN^ fe Branches, which are large, and fpreading like Oak, with a pretty thick, fmooth, dark-green [eaf, fhaped like that of a Plumb-tree, but larger. The Nuts are inclofed in Cods as big as both a Man's ifts put together : At the broad End of which (ere is a fmall, tough, limber Stalk, by which they Ing pendulous from the Body of the Tree, in all jirtsofit irom top to bottom, fcattered at irregular Jftances,and from the greater Branches a little way efpecially at the Joints of them or Partings, lere they hang thickeft, but never on the fmaller jhs. There may be ordinarily about 20 or 30 thefe Cods upon a well-bearing Tree ; and they Ive two Crops of them in a Year, one in December^ tthebeft In June. The Cod icfelf or Shell is oft half an Inch tdick •, neither fpongy nor ody, but of a Subftance between both, brittle, harder than the Rind of a Lemmon ; like which Surface is grained or knobbed, but more coarfe unequal. The Cods at firft are of a dark green, the Side of them next the Sun of a muddy red. they grow ripe, the green turns to a fine bright low, and the muddy to a more lively, beautiful , very pleafant to the Eye. They neither ripen, are gathered at once : But for three Weeks or a nth when the Seafon is, the Overfeers of the ntations go e'-ery Day about to fee which are ed yellov/ ; cutting at once, it may be, not a- e one from a Tree. The Cods thus gathered, |y lay in feveral heaps to fweat, and then burfting Shell with their Hands, they pull out the Nuts, ch are the only Subftance they contain, having Stalk or Pith among them, and ( excepting that "e Nuts lie in regular Rowsj are placed like the ins of Maiz, but fticking together, and fo dole- owed, that after they have been once feparated, 2 it l^W 6 1 City of Caraccos. -*w^i68i. it would be hard to place them again in fo narroJ ' '^ * a compafs. There are generally near lOo Nuts ioj Cod i in proportion to the greatnefs of which, it varies, the Nuts are bigger or lefs. When tak^ out they dry them in the Sun upon Matts fpreadi the Ground : After which they need no more CarJ having a thin hard Skin of their own, and muj Oil, which preferves them. Salt-Wafr willnj hurt them •, for we had our Bags rotten, lyingj the bottom of our Ship, and yet the Nuts never]tj worfe. They laife the young Trees of Nuts, if with the great End downward, in fine black Moulj and in the fame Places where they are to beail which they do in 4 or 5 Years Time, without trouble of tranfplanting. There are ordinarilyi thefe Trees, from 500 to 2000 and upward in| Plantation or Cacao-walk, as they call them i they fhelter the youngTrees from the Weather Plantains fet about them for two or three Years ;( llroying all the Plantains by fuch Time the Cac Trees are of a pretty good Body, and able to endii the heat ; which I take to be the molt perniciousj them of any Thing ; for tho' thefe Vallies lye op to the NorthWinds, unlefs a little flielter'd here 2 there, by fome Groves of Plantain Trees which 1 purpofely fet near the Shores of the feveral Baj| yet by all that I could either obferve or learn, Cacao's in this Country are never blighted, ail have often known them to be in other Places. cao-Nuts are ufed as Money in the Bay of Cjj feachy. The chief Town of this Country is called Cufi cos ; a good way within Land, *tis a large wealil Place, where live mod of the Owners of m Cacao-walks that are in the Valleys by the Shon the Plantations being managed by Overfeers al Negroes. It is in a large Savannah Country, tj abounds with Cattle'j and a Spaniard of my Acqua] I tan LaGuaire. La Comana. Vcrina. 6$ ance, a very fenfible Man who hath been there, <«^»' i*^*- ells me that 'tis very populous, and he judges it to VV^ e threeTimes as big as Corunna in Gallicia. The way o it is very fteep and craggy, over that ridge of -lills, which I fay clofes up the Valleyj, and parti- ion Hills of theCacoa Coaft. In thisCoalt it felf e chief Place is La Guaire, a good Town clofc y the Sea *, and though it has but a bad Harbour, et it is much frequented by the Spanijh Shipping i r the Dutch and En^ijh anchor in the fandy Bays at lie here and there, in the Mouths of feveral alleys, and where there is very good riding. The own is open, but hath a ftrong Fort ; yet both ere taken fome Years fince by Captain Wright and s Privateers. *Tis feated about 4 or 5 Leagues to e Weftward of Cape Blanco^ which Cape is the aftermoft Boundary of this Coaft of Car accos. Fur- tr Eaftward about 2oLeagues, is a great Lake or [ranch of the Sea, called Laguna de Venezuela •, a- ut which are many rich Towns, but the Mouth the Lake is lhallow,that no Ship can enter. Near \\s Mouth is a Place called Comana^ where the ivateers were once repulfed without daring to at- pt it any more, being the only Place in the [Orrh-Scas they attempted in vain for many Years ; d the Spaniards fince throw it in their Teeth frc- endy, as a Word of reproach or defiance to them, t far from that Place is Verina, a Imall Village Spanijh Plantation, famous for its Tobacco, uted the beft in the World. But to return to Caraccos, all this Coaft is fubjeft dry Winds, generally North Eaft, which r.iufed u» I'^ce^wealB^^^^ fcabby Lips j and we always found it thus, «1,-? r»f tiff ^^^^ ^"^ different Seafons of the Year, for I have pn on this Coaft feveral Times. In other refpefts Is very healthy, and a fwcet clear Air. The5;)w- \rds have Look-outs or Scouts on the Hills, and eaft- works in ihs Valleys, and moft of their Ne- groes wv^*-* 64. Rich Trade of the Coafi of Caraccos. •^"^l^^ii" g''o^s ^^^ furniflied with Arms alfo for defence J the Bays. The Butch have a very profitable Tradl here, almoft to themfelves. I have known threeoj four great Ships at a Time on the Coaft., each it mail be of thirty or forty Guns. They carry hither; forts of European Commodities, efpecialJy Linnenl making vaft Returns, chiefly in Silver and Cacao) And 1 have often wondered and regretted it, tliij none of my own Countrymen find the way thi™ diredly from England j for our Jamaica-m trade thither indeed, and find the Sweet of it, tlio) they carry Englijh Commodities at fecond or tliiij Hand. While we lay on this Coafl:, we went afhorei fome of the Bays, and took 7 or 8 Tun of Cacao] and after that 3 Barks, one laden with Hides, fecond with European Commodities, the third wi| Eartl:,en-Warc and Brandy. With thefe 3 Barksi went again to the Ifland of Roca*s^ where we fliafl our Commodities, and feparated, having Veffdsf nough to tranfport us all whither we thought mof convenient. Twenty of us ( for we were about I took one of the Veflels and our ihare of the Goo and went diredlly for Virginia. In our way thitlJ we took feveral of the Sucking-fifhes ; for whenj fee them about the Ship, we caft out a Line; Hook, and they will take it with any mannerj Bait, whether Fifh or Flelh. The Sucking-f about the bignefs of a large Whiting, and muchl the fame make towards the Tail, but the Head) flatter. From the Head to the middle of its Batf 'there groweth a fort of Flefli of a hard griftlySJ ftance like that of the Limpit (aShell-fifh taper! up piramidically) which fticks to the Rocks; like the Head or Mouth of aShell-Snail, buthar(l| This Excrefcence is of a flat and oval form, '{tvtn or eight Inches long, and five or fix broad ; \ rifing about half an Inch high. It is full of fd of the Sucking- Fi(h «r Remora. 65 ridges with which it wilJ fallen itfclf to any thing '^'»* «9*>« that it meets with in the Sea, juft as a Snail doth to ^'OP^' a WalJ. When any of them happen to come about^ a Ship, they feldom leave her, for they will i^<^6. on fuch filth as is daily thrown pver-boara, or on mere Excrements. When it is fair Weather, and but lit- tle Wind, they will play about the Ship j but in bluftering Weather, or when the Ship fails quick, they commonly faften rhemfclvcs to the Ship's Bot- tom, from whence neither the Ship's Motion, tho* never fo fwift, nor the mod tempeftuous Sea can remove them. They will likewife faften themfelves to any other bigger Fifh •, for they never fwim faft themfelves, if they m.vt with any thing to carry them. I have found them ftiv king to a Shark, after it was hal'd in on the Deck, though a Shark is {o ftrong and boifterous a Fifh, and throws about him fo vehemently tor half an Hour together, ic - - may be, when caught, that did not the Sucking- fifii ftick aft no ordinary rate, it muft needs be calt off by fo nHKh V^iolence. It is ufual alfo to fee them ftickii^g to Turtle, to any old Trees, Planks, or the like, that lie driven at Sea. Any Knobs or Inequalities at a Ship> Bottom, are a great Hin- drance to the Swifunefs of its failing ; and 10 or 12 of chefe fticking to it, -ftiuft needs retard it, as much, in a manner, as if its Bottom were foul. So that I am inLlined to think that this Fifh is thei?^- mora^ of which the Antients tell fuch Stories i if ic be not, I know no other that is, and I leave the Reader to judge, I have feen of thefe Sucking- iiHies in great plenty in the Bay of Campeach-j^ and in all the Sea between that and the Coaft of Carac- C'li^ as about tho'.'z Illands particularly I have lately defcribe^, Raai, Blanco, Tortugas, &c. They have no Scales, and are very good Meat. We met nothing elfe worth Remark in our Voyage to k'irginia j where we arrived in July 1 682, Vol. I. F Thac 66 The Author's jirrhal in Virginiitr *J: i68z. That Country is fo well known to our Nation, that I ^■^V^ I fhall fay nothing of it, nor (hall I detain the •Reader with the Story of my own Affairs, and the Trouble that befel me diir'ng nbout Thirteen! Months of my Stay there ; biit -n the nfcxt Chap- tcr, enter immediately upon my Second Voyage I into the South-Seas, arid rcmd the Globe. CHAP. ^ne Author*s id Voyage to the Soufh-Scas. 6^ CHAP. IV. ^h Authors Voyage to the Ijle ^/John Fefnart-* do in the South- Seas He arrives at the I [lei of Cape Verd. I/IeofS:i\\', itsSalt-'Ponds, Thi flamingo, and its remarkable Neft. Amber- greece where found. ThelJIesofSi, Nicholas, Mayo, St.Jago, Fogo, a burning Alount aim with the reft of the Ifles of Cape Vcrd. Shcr- borough River on the Coaft of Guinea. The Commodities and Negroes there : A Tovun of theirs defcrib'd, Tornadoes, S harks ^ Flying- fijh. A Sea deep and clear, yet pale. IJles of Sibbcl dc Ward. Small red Lobjlers. Str eight Le Mair. States Ijland. Cape Horn in Tc:r a del T\ice,6. Their meeting with Capt, Eaton in r/;^ South- Seas, and their going together to the Ijle of John Fernando. Of a Moskito- Man left there alone Three Tears : His Art and Sagacity i with that of other Indians. The IJland defcrib'd. The Savannahs^ Ame- rica. Goats at John Fernando'j. Seals. Sea- Lions. Snappers ,a fort of hi^. Rock-fifh. The Bays J and natural Strength of this Ijlund. E I N G nowentring upon the Relation of a new Voyage^ which makes up the main Body ofchij 5ook, proceeding from Virginia by the way of Icrra d Fui'go, and the Sottit-Sea!^ the Eafr-Tudies^ and fo [n, till my return to Englaiidb)' the way of the Cape 'good Hope, Ilhall give my Reader this fliort Ac- |ountof my firft Entranee upon it-. Among thofe wha Vol. L F 2 ir^ ac- ^>. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I |50 ■^™ 1^1 2.5 2.2 I 40 1.8 11.25 iU 11.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WIST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 %^' 4 ^ % .■f ¥ 68 TSejiutkor's id Voyage to the Soiiiili'Sczsl ^' »^83. accompanied Capt. Sharp into the South-Seas in our I \yy^^ former Expedition, and leaving him there, return'd over Land, as is (aid in the Introdufbion, and in | the I ft and 2d Chapters; there was one Mr. CwL an Englilh Native of St. Chriftophet*Sya,Cirole, aswc call all born of European Parents in the fVeJi-lndiesA He was a fenfible Man, and had been fome Years a Privateer. At our joining our felves with thofe Privateers, we met at our coming again to the North-Seas ; his Lot was to be with Captain 2^»i^; J who kept Company for fome confiderable titnel with Capt. Wright^ in whofe Ship I was, and parted with us at our 2d Anchoring at the Ifle oi^ortugai\ as I have faid in the laft Chapter. After our part*i ing, this Mr. Cook being Quarter-Mafter under Capt. Tank'jy the lecond Place m the Ship, accord- ing to the Law of Privateers, laid Claim to a Ship they took from the Spaniards ; and fuch of Captl Tanky's Men as were fo difpofed, particularly all thofe who came with us over Lind went aboard this Prize-Ship under the new Capt. Cook. Thitl Diftribution was made at the Ifle or ^acca, or diel Ifle of 4/^t as we call it } and here they parted alfol fuch Goods as they had taken. But Capt. Cook hi ving no Commifllon, as Capt. Tanky^ Capt. 7ri/?/i}»,| and fome other French Commanders had, who laTl ^ then at that Ifland, and they grutching the Englm fuch s. Velfel, they all joined together, plunder'dl the Englijh of their Ships, Goods and Arms, and! turn'd them afliore. Yet Capt. Trijiian took in a- 1 bout 8 or 10 of thefe Englijh^ and carried them withl him to Petit-Guavres : of which Number Captl Cook was one, and Capt. Davis another, who withl the reft found means to feize the Ship as (he lay atl Anchor in the Road, Capt. Trijlian and many ofl his Men being then afhore ; and the Englijh fending! alhore fuch Frenchmen zs rema,incd in the Ship anal were niafter'd by them, though fuperior in Numbcr,[ 2 flood His ^Departure pom Virginia. dp kood away with her immediately for the Ifleof /'tff- ^n. 168.3. w, before any notice of this Surprize could reach the ■^"^'^ ^rencb Governour of that Ifle; fo deceiving him Ifo by a Stratagem, they got on board the reft of their Countrymen, who had been left on thatlfland i ind going thence they took a Ship newly come from France laden with Wines. They alfo took a Ship of good force, in which they refolved to era- tiark themfelves, andniakeanew Expedition into rhe Soutb-Seas, to cruife on the Coaft of Chili and ^eru. But firft they went for Virginia with their 'rizes ; where they arrived the j4pril after my co- ling thither. The beft of their Frizes carried 18 runs ; this they fitted up there with Sails, and Kvery thing neccflary for (o long a Voyage -, felling rhe Wines they had taken for fuch ProviHons as they wanted. My felf, and thofe of our Fellow- travellers over the Jfthtnus of America^ who came irith me to Virginia th& Year before this ( moft of ^hich had fince made a fhort Voyage to Carolina^ . md were again returned to Virginia) refolv'd to join )ur fclves to thefe new Adventurers : and as many lore engaged in the fame Defign as made our whole >cw confift of about 70 Men. So having furnifh'd )ur felves with neceflary Materials, and agreed up*, )n fome particular Rules, efpecially of Temperance md Sobriety, by reafon of the length of our in- tended Voyage, we all went on board our Ship. Auguft 23. 1683. we failed from Achamack in Vir-- 5/Kw, under the Comnoand of Capt. Cook bound for the South->-Seas. I (hall not trouble the Reader /ith an Account of every Day's Run, but haften to the lefs known Parts of the World, to give a De- Icription of them i only relating fuch memorable [Accidents as hapned to us, and fuch Places as we touched at by the way, We met nothing worth ObfervatIon.,t|li we came CO the Idands of Cape Verd^ excepting aii^^^ Storm F 3 Si' wlu'.h 7# The IJles of Gape Vdrd/ ;)rr |6»3. wWcKwe could not efcapc: This hapued in i f(w^| %Or^ Days after we left Virginia. \ v/ith a S. S, JE. "Wrridjuft in our Teeth, The Storm lafted above a Week : In drencht ys all like fo many drowned Rats, arid was oneoftheworft Storms I ever was in. One I met with in the Eaft'Indies was more violent for the I time 5 but of not above 24 Hours continuance. Af- ter that Storm we had favourable Winds s^dgoodl Weather » and in a fhorf time wearrivefd atthct (land Sall^ which is one of the Eaftermoft of the CapeVerd Iflands. Of thefe there are in Number (fo (confidcrabld as to bear diftinft Names ^ and they lie ^Veral Degrees off" from CapeVerd in Africk, whence they receive that Appellltion *, taking up about 5 Peg. of Longitude in breadth, and about asmanji of Latitude in their length, viz. from near 1410 19 North. They are molt inhabited by PortuguejA Banditti, This of ifoll is an Ifland lying in tht Lat,| of 16. in Long. 19. deg, 33 m. Weft from the U zard in England^ ftretching from North to South I about 8 or 9 Leagues, and not ^bove a League and an half ©r two Leagues wide. It hath its Name from the abundance of Salt that*" is naturally con- l^eakd there, the whole Ifland being full of large ISalt- ponds. The Land is very barren, producing no Tree that I could fee, bqc fome fmali fhrubby Bufties by the Sea-fide. Neither could I difcern | any Grafs ; yet there are fome poor Goats on it. I know nqt whether there are any other Beafts I ibnthe Ifland: There are fome wild Fowl, but I judge not many. I faw a few Flamingo's, which is| afortofc" large FowJ, aiUch like a Heron in fliape, but bigger,'and of areddifli Colour. They deJightl to keep together in great Companies, and feed in JMud pr Ponds, or in fuch Places where there is not much Water: They are very ihy, therefore it is hard to Ihootthem. Yet I have lain obfeured in the Evening ncjir a J-^lacc where they refort, and ' ■ yfm The Flamingo", ^i itr Artificial Nefl. ^ with two im>r^ in my C?wapjWiy h^vc killed 14 tif'4»M%i* them at onfc ^ tfep-firft ghpt |:|ciflg made whil« thfiy *^^W were ft*ifi4ii»g P0^ the Qroufid, the gcher two as thcyrqfi?. They ^MiW^teir Nfifts in (hallow ?0Pd5, where there is much Mud, whi^h they fcrapf? togc- g(5ther* making littlei IJillpc^s, lil^c fraia|ll(l^nds, appearing 9^t Jpf the "Wate/ a Foot and haJf , high from tb? 3^0KIPfla. They piake the Foundation of I thefe liilJocks vbroad, bringing them up tapering to the Top, where they leave a fmall hollow Fit to Jay their ^gs in ;. and when they either lay their Eggs or ha^ch then^ri they ftand all the while, not on the J^illock, bup $:lpfe by it with their Legs on the Ground and, in the Water, rpfting thcmfclves a- g^inftthe JHiiUock, and covering the hollow Ncft^ ' upoi? it. wi|h their Rumps : Fpr their Legs are very long i j^nd : ' iJuiJding thus, as^ they do, upoli the Ground, th^y could neither draw their Legs con- veniently into their Nefts, nor fit down upon them otherwife than by refting their whole Bodies there, to the jlRrffi«dice of their Eggs, or their Young, were it not for this admirable Contrivance, which they have by natural Infvind. They never lay mrare than two Eggs, and feidom fewer. The young ones cannot fly till they are almoft full grown 5 ibiiit will run prodigioufly Hd: ; yet we have taken many of them. The Flelh of both young and old is lean and blacky yet very good Meat, tafting nei^ ther fiihy, nor any way unfavciry. Their Tongues are large, having a large Knob of Fat at the Root, which is an excellent Bit : A Difh of Flamingo's Tongues being fit for a Prince's Table. ; When many of them are (landing together by a Pond's Side, being half a Mile diftanc from a Man, they appe^ to him like a Brick Wall •, their Feathers being of the Colour of new red Brick : And they commonly ftand upright and fingle, one by one, Ua^ly in a row ( except when feeding ) and clofc F 4 by U»^i69i.hf fcath other. The ydung ones att fifft ai^eoiFj light grey i and as their Wmg-feathert fpring oiit, they gfow darker; and never come to their right Colour, or any beautiful Shaped under tenor eleven Months old. I have feen Fiamittgbes o.t Rio la Ha- cba^ and at an Idand lying near the ?4aih of Am- nV», called by Privatecn Flamingo Key, from the Multitude of thefe Fowlj that breed there : And I never faw of their Nells and Young but here. : *': . ' There iare not above 5 or 6 M^n On thrsf Ifland of Sally and a poor Governor, as they called him, who came aboard in our Boat, and about 3 or 4 {)oor lean Goats for a Prefenc to our Captain, tel- ing him they were the beft that the-flland did af- ford. The Captain, minding more the Poverty of the Giver than the Value of the Prefent, gave him - in requital a Coat to cloath him ; for he had no- thing but a few Rags onhi& Back, and an oM Hat not worth three Farthings >, which yet I believe he wore butfeldom, for fear he fhould want before he might get another ; for he told us there had not been a Ship in 3 Years before. We bought of'him about '120 Bulhels of Sale for a few old Cloaths i • And he begged a little Powder and Shot. Weftay'd here 3 Days s in which time one of thefe Poriuguefe offered to fomeof our Men a Lump of Ambergrecce in ex- change for fome Cloaths, defiring them to keep it fecret, for he faid if the Governor fhotild know it he fiiould be hang'd. At length one Mr. Coppi tiger bought for a fmall Matter ; yet I believe he gave more than it was worth. We had not a Man in the Ship that knew Ambergreece ; but I have fince feen it in other places, and therefore am certain it was not right. It was of a dark colour, like Sheep Dung, and very foft, but of no fmelJ, and poflibly 'twas fome of their Goat's Dung. I afterwards faw fome fold at the Nequfhan in the Eaji-Indies, which waso H\ 'Jmbergf^tel where fdund. 7 j lighter Colour, but very hard, neither had it any Am,\i€^%s nelh and this alfo, Ifappofewas a cheat. Yet *-*^^^^ is certain that in both theie Places there is Amber' reece found. L was told by one John Read, zBriftol Man, that |e was Prentice to a Mafter who traded to thefe lands of Cape^ifri; and once as he was riding at Anchor at FogOy atiother of thefe Iflands, there ^as a lump of it fwam by the Ship, and the Boat ;in'ga(hore he mid it i but knew it to be Aniber* Ireece, having taken up a lump fwimming in the Le manner the Voyage before, and his Mafter ha- bng at feveral Times bought pieces of it of the Na- ves of the Ifle of Fogo, fo as to enrich himfelf lereby. And fo at the Nequehars, EngUJhmen have )ught, as I have been credible inform*d, great [uantities of very good Ambergreece. Yet the In- li^itants are fo fubtle that they will counterfeit it, )ch thekc and here: and I have heard that in the iuif of Florida, whence much of it comes, the lative Indians there ufe the fame Fraud. Upon this Occafion, I cannot omit to tell my sader what I learnt from Mr. Hill the Clwrurgeon, 5on hisjhewing me once a piece of Ambergreece, lich was thus. One Mr. Benjamin Barker, a Man It I have been long well acquainted with, and low him to be a very diligeiK and obfervins Per- and likewife very fober and credible, told this \r.Hill, that being in the Bay of Honduras to pro- ire Logwood, which grows there in great abun- mce, and palling in a Canoa over to one of the jands in that Bay, he found upon the Shoar, on a idy Bay there, a lump of Ambergreece, fo large, lat when carried lo Jamaica, he found it to weigh jHundred Pound and upwards. V^heii he firfl (und it, it lay dry, above the Mark which the Sea en came to at High-water *, and he obferved in it ^reat Multitude of Beetles : it was of a dusky co* lour. 47 > -W? pf St. NicboJts* Tv ^0. i^g.ioar, towards black, andabeucHhc hardoefa of itl^l k>w Cheefct ai^ of a ver^r fnagraht Smell ^ This ty Mr, Hill fhewcd me, beiog Tome of it, which Mr] Barker gave him. Befides thofe already mentione(|| ^11 the Places where I have heard that A mbergrccQ hath been found, at Bermudas^i and the Bahama] . flands in theWeft-Indie^ and |hat part of the Cc oi Africk >v1ch its adjacent Idands, whieh.reacli from Mozambique to the Red-Sea, v :^f "1 We went from this Ifland ofSall, to ^t.Ni(;holsH another of the Cape Verd Iflands, lying Weft Soui Weft from 5/j//, about 2 2 Leagues. We arrived thcij tlie next Day after we left the other, undanchon on the S. E. fideof the Ifland. This is a pretty lar| Ifland V it is one of the biggeft oi 2Xi xhcCap^-Vet andlieth in a triangular form. The longeft fid -which lieth to theEaft, is about 30 Leagues longl .and the other two about 20 Leagues each. It is] mountainous barren Ifland, and rocky allix>undi .wards the Sea. •, yet in the Heai-t of it there arcVal leys, where the Portuptefe, which inhabit hfcrc, hail Vineyards and Plantations, and Wood for Tew(j Merc arc many Goats, which are but poor in Co .parifon with thofe in other Pkices, yet much bctn than thofe at Sail : There are likewife many Af The Govemour of this Ifland came aboard tis^ wii| three or four Gentlainen more in his Company, were all indifitrenrly well cloathed, and accou^ with Swords and Piftols i but the reft that dcco panied him to the Sea-fide, which were about two ty or thirty Men more, were but in a ragged Ga .The Govemour brought aboard fome Wine madcl the IQand, which tailed much like MaderaVfm it was of a pale Colour, and lookt thick. He td us the chief Town was in the Valley fourteen from the Bay where we rode ; that he had there 1 der him above one hundred Families, befides otl« inhabitants that lived fcatterisganSi^aUey 3 more 1 sifti af Mayo. 75 .^. Tli«y wero^lHcry fwarthy j' 'the Cover- •*»*■ u7Wthe dc^rcft "o^ them, yctof adark uwny ^^ bmplncion. - • - -''» *»>-'• ' ^^ '^'^ •■ <^n At this Iflaisd we fcrubWd the bottom of our Ship, nd h*e alfo utt: dog Weils aihore on the Bay, .and Uediall our Wmcp, and after 5 or 6T>xf% ftay, wd cnt from hence to Ma'p^ another of the Cape Veri lands^ lying about Arty Mile Eaft and by South omithe other v arriring there the next Day, and choring on the N. W. Jidc of the Ifland. We fent [rBo.lto(i Ihore, intending to have purchafed fome fovifion/ a$ Beef or Goats, with which this Iflandt bcttflf ftock'd than the reft of the Iflands. But e Inhabiianta Would nor fulFer our Men to land ; r about a Week before our Arrival there came an n^ijh Ship, the Men of which came afhore, pre- nding Fricndlhipi and fciz*d on the Govcrnour jih fompx>thers, and carrying them aboard, made em fend aftiore for Cattle to ranfom their Liber- And yet after this fet fail, and carried them ay, and they had not heard of them flnce. The \^ip Man that did this (as 1 was afterwards in- rmed) was one Capt. BQftd of Brijiol, Whether er he brought back thofe Men again I know not : iehimfelf and moft of his Men have fince gone o- r to the Spaniards : and it was he who had like to ve burnt our Ship after this in the Bay of Pafta- as I (hall have occafion to relate. This Ifle of Mayo is but fmall,and invironed with loles, yet a Place much frequented by Shipping for great plenty of Salt : and though there is but bad ding, yet many Ships lade here every Year. Here "plenty of Bulls, Gows, and Goats ; and at a tainSeafon of the Year, as May, June, July, and fgujl, q, fort of fmall Sea^Tortoife come hither to their Eggs : but thefe Turtle are not fo fweet as fe in the fVefl- Indies, The Inhabitants plant Corn, Potatoes, and fome Plantains, i^nd bfeed a lew ims. 'f6 Ifle of St fago.^ !SiMjitts.few Fowls i Itvins very poori yet much better thaal ' ^ the Inhabitants ofany other of thefe Iflands, ^/. *}9\ CO excepted, which lieth four or five Leagues to the Weftward of Ma»jo^ and is the chief, the moft fruitf fjal, and beft inhabited of all the Iflands of Cum Veri\ yet mountainous, and much barren Landj in it. On the Eaft-fide of the Ifle St. Jayi is a goo^l Fort, which in peaceable Times efpecially is feldonl without Ships *» lor this hath been long a Place whidtl Ships have been wont to touch at for Water aoi Hetrelhments, as thofe outward-bound to the £ I «o tfleof Sibbcl dc Wards: '^*L^^' nothing wortiiy remark ; not tb much asfa.Fiflj, qJ ^^^f^ ccpt flying Fifh, which have. been fo ofcefi defa bed, that I think it needlefs* to do it* Here we found the Sea much changed from jJ natural greennefs to a white, or palilh Colour, whi} caufed us to found, fiippofuig we might ftf. Ground : For whenever we find the Colour oft Sea to change, we know we ari: not far from La or ihoals which ftretch out into the Sea* runnml from fome Land. But here we found no Groo with one hundred Fathom Line. , I was this at noon by reckoning, 48 d. 50 m. Weft from 1 Lizard^ the Variation by our Morning amplitu 15 d. 10 m. Eail, the Variation increafing. Tlj 2oth Day one of our Chirurgeons died much mented» becaufe we had but o^t morfB for fuchj dangerous Voyage. ^...,,,. . : January ^8. we mad^, the Siobel de JFdrdSy whij are 3 JHands lying in the lat* of 51 d, 25 m. Soui( and LoBgitudeWeft from the Lizard in ^»glafid,\ my Account. 57 d. 28 m. the Variation here found to be 23 d. 10 m. I had for a Month be' we came hither, endeavoured to perfwadj; Capo Cook, and his Company, to anv:hor at thefe Iflan where I told them we ipight probably get Water,| I then thought, and in ca^ we/hould mifs of it ha yet by being good Hufb^nds of what we had, might reach John Fernanda's in th^Sotith'Seas^ our Wdtei: was fpent. This I urged to hiiid^rt Defigns of going through the Streights oi M4 Ian, which I knew would prove very dangerous | us } the rather, becaufe our Men being Private and fo more wilful, and lefs under Command, wo not be fo ready to give a watchful Attendance iD| Paflage fo little known. For altho* thefc Men more under Command than I had ever feen Privateers, yet I could not exped to find theml a Minute's call in coming to an Anchor, or wei/ f A firtpf fmall Lobjlersl Si tng Anjchor : Befide, if ever we ihould have occa- -«<». 1^83 . ion to moor, or caft out two Anchors, we had hot *^V^ ioat to carry out or weigh an Anchor. Thefe jiilands of Sibb/l df ff^ards were fo .nanmed by the "^jftcb. They arc all three rocky barren Iflands nthout any Tree, only fome Dildbe-Buflies grow- )£ on them:. And I do believe there is noWatei on ^ny one of them, for there was no Appearance of iny Water. The two Northermoft we could not coipe near, but the Southermpft we came clofe by, ?ut could not ftrike Ground till within two Cables length of tHe Ihore, and there found it to be foul rocky Ground. Fiom the Time that we were in lod. South, till K came to thefe Iflands, we had the Wind be- ^een E. N. E. and the N. N. E. fair Weather, and brifk gale. The Day that we made tliefe Iflands, 7t faw great flioals of fmall Lobfters, which co- loured the Sea in red fpots, for a Mile in compafs, md we drew fome of them out of the Sea in our ^ater-buckets, They were no bigger than the tep )f a Man's little Finger, yet all their Claws, both [feat and fmall like a Lobfter. I never faw any of pis fort of Fifli naturally red but here \ for ours on me£»g/j/^Coaft, which are black naturally, are not red till they are boiled : Neither did I ever any ^here elfe meet with any Fifli of the Lobfl:er-fliape fmall as thefe ; unlefs, it may be, Shrimps or 'rawns : Capt. Swan and Capt. Eaton met alfo with loals of this Fiih in much the fame Latitude and -ong 'ude. Ltu.ing therefore tho Sihhel deWard Iflands, as ^aviag neither good Anchorage nor Water, we liled on, directing our Courfe for the Streights of ellan. But the Winds hanging in the Wefter^ joard, and blowing hard, oft put us by ourTopfails, [0 chat we could not fetch it. The 6th Day of Fe- . \ruar^ we fell in with the Streights Le Mair^ which Vol. I. Q is ii Streights LcMsAt. States-mand. iito. 1683. is very high Land on both fides^ ahd the 'Streigjit^l ^^"V^ yery narrow. We had the Wind at N;N.W. afeft gale *, and feeing the Opening of the Strcights, vt ran in with it, till within four Mile of the Mouth; and then it fell Calm, and wfr found a ftrong Tii fetting out of the Streights to the Northward, ahd like to foiindei' tfur Ship 5 but Whether flood or ebb 1 know ot } only it made fuch a flio^t cocklingi Sea, as if it had been in a Rac^j ^r place where twol Tides meet *, for it ran every waj^, fometimes break- 1 tng in over our Wafte,- fometimes over our PottpJ fometimes over our Btrfer, and ^e Ship tofled like an Egg-fheli j fo that I never felt fiich uftcertain Jferkj in a Ship. At 8 a Clock in the Evening w6 had a] iimall Breeze at W. N. Wi andfteefed away to the Eaftward, intending to go round the States IJlanU the Eaft-end of which we reached the next Day bf Noon, haviflg a frefli Breeze all Night. . The 7th Day at Noon being off the Eaft-end ofl States- IJland, I had a good Obfervation of the Sud,[ and found my felf in Lat. 54 d. 52 m. South. At the Eaft-end of States-IJland zxt three fmalll frtands, or father Rocks, Pi^etty high, and whitel ^ith the Dung of Fowls. Wherefore having ob-l ferved the Sun, we haled up Souths defigning to pafil round to the Southward of Cape Horne^ which is the:] Southfermoft Land of terra del Fuego, The "V^md! hung in theWeftern quarter betwixt the N. W. and! the Weft, fo that we could rtot get much to the! Well ward, and we never faw Terra del Fuego after that Evening that we made the Streight Le Mair.l t have heard that there have been Smoaks and Firetl on T'erra del Fue^o, not on the tops of Hill j, but iffl Plains and Valleys, feen by thofe who have failedl thro* the Streights of Magellan , Jfup^oled to be made by the Natives. We did not fee the Sun aif rifing ot fetting, ill or- dSer to' make an "a-riipHtude after W^ lefr the Sibbel M "% V/ar^h\ Thf^ Mfft Capt. Eaton in the S. Seas.' 83 H^ards^ till we got into the South-Sea : Therefore I -4». i68t: know not whether the Variation increafedany more VOO^ ior no. Indeed I had an Obfervation of the Sun at Noon, in Jat. 59 d. 30 m. and we were then ftanding to the Southward with the Wind at W. by N. and I that Night theWind came about more to the South- ward of the Weft, and we tackt. I was then in liat. 60 by reckoning, which was the fartheft South IJat. that ever I was in. The 14th Day of February being in lat. $y, and |p the Weft of Cape Horfte, we had a violent Storm, fhkh held us to the 3d Day of March, blowing Dommonly S.W. and S.W. byW. andW.S.W. thick leather all theTime, with fmall drizling Rain, but lot liard. We made a fhift however to fave 23 Bar- rels of Rain-water, befides what we dreft our Vid:u- lis withal. March the 3d the"Wind ihifced at once, and came ibout at South, blowing a fierce gale of Wind ; foon ifcer it came about to the Eaftward, and we ftood Into the South-Seas. The 9th Day having an Obfervation of the Sun, jot having feen it of late, we foun4 our felves in It. 47 d. 10 m. and the Variation to bebut 15 d, iom. Eaft. The Wind ftood at S. E. we had fair Weather, |nd a moderate Gale, and the 17th Day we were in It. ^6 by Obfervation, and then found the Variatii in to be but 8 d. Eaft. The 1 9th Day when we looked out in the Morn- |)g wefaw a Ship to the Southward of us, coming (rith all tJie Sail (he could make after us : We lay iuzled to let her come up with us, for we fuppofed er to bcASpaniJb Ship come from BaUivia bound to \ifM :. We being now to the Northward of BaUivia id this being the time of the Year when Ships that Prade thence to Baldivia return home. They had W fame Opinion of us, and therefore made fure to G 2 take •V*w 84 They arrive at the IJle of John Fernando; -^iSsj. take us, but coming nearer we both found our mif.| takes. This proved to be one Capt. Eaton in a Ship fent purpofely from London to the South-Seas.- "Wm halea each other, and the Captain came on Bbard, and told us of his Adions on the Coaft of Braml\ and in the River of Plate, He met Captain Swan Cone that came from Eni\ land to trade herej at the Eaft Entrance into the) Screights of Magellan^ and they accompanied eachl "other thro* the Strcights, and were fcparated afterl they were thro* by the Storm before-mentioned.! Both we and Capt. Eaton being bound for John Fet] nando*s Ifle, we kept Company, and we fpared Bread and Beef, and he fpared us Water, which he| took in as he pafTed thro* the Streights. March the 2 2d 1684, we came in fight of thel Ifland, and the next Day got in and anchored inil Bay at the South end of the Ifland, and 25 Fathoral Water, not two Cables length from the Shore. We| prefently got out our Canoa, and went alhore to fee for a Moskito Indian, whom we left here when lel were chafed hence by three Spanijb Shfps in the Ycarl i68 1 , a little before we went to jirica ; Capt. Wai tin being then our Commander, after Cape. Shatjl was turned out. This Indian lived here alone above 'three Yean and altho' he was fcveral Times fought after by tb Spaniards, who knew he was left on the Ifland, yt^ they could never find him. He was in the Wood hunting for Goats, when Captain JVatlin drew his Men, and the Ship was under fail before lij came back to ftiore. He had with him his Gun a Knife, with a fmall Horn of Powder, and a fei Shot •, which being fpent, he contrived a way notching his Knife, to law the Barrel of his Gu into fmall Pieces, wherewith he made Harpoon I.ances, Hooks and a long Knifei heating the pieo lirft in the Fire, which he (truck witS his Guo 'j9 Moskito Indian left herlf, 85 lint, awl a piece of the Barrel of his Gun, which he -rf». 1683. iardned j having l?arnt to do that among thcEtigliJh. ^>^VN/ /he hot pieces of Iron he would Hammer out and )end as he pleafed with Stones, and faw them with lis jagged Knife i or grind them to an edge By long labour, and harden them to a goodTemper as there 7as occafion. All this may feem ftrange to thofe rhat are not acquainted with the Sagacity of the In- Hans J but it is no more than thefe Moskito Men ire accuftomed to in their own Country, where they lake their own Fiihing and Striking Inftl-iimentij, n'thput either Forge or Anvil ; tho* they fpend a [great deal of Time about them. Other wild Indiam who have not the ufe of Iron, ^hich the Moskito Men have from the Englijh^ make latches of a very hard Stone, with which they will :ut down Trees, Cthe Cotton-Tree efpecially, which (s a foft tender Wood) to build their Houfes or lake Canoas *, and tho* in working their Canoas . lollow, they cannot dig them fo neat and thin, yet they will make them fit for their Service. This their Digging or Hatchet-work they help out by Fire ; wlfether for the felling of Trees, or for the making the infide of their Canoa hollow. Thefe Contrivances are ufed particularly by the Savage In- Hani of BUwfieid's Rivera defcribed in the 3d Chap- ter, whofe Canoas and Stone-Hatches I have fcen. 'hefe Stone-hatches are about 10 Inches long, 4 [broad, and three Inches thick in the middle. They tare grownd away flat and fharp at both ends : Right [in the midft, and clear round it they make a notch, Ifo wide and deep that a Man might place his Fin- ger along it, and taking a ftick or withe about 4 foot long, they bind it round the Hatchet-head, in [that notch, and fo twifting it hard, ufe it as an [handle or helve ; the Head being, held by it very jfaft. Nor are other wild Indiam lefs ingenious. iThofe of Patagonia, particularly, head their Arrows Q 3 with $6 tits Reception of US, uf»^i683. with Flint, tut or ground ; which I have feen and " admired. But to return to our Moskito Man on thp Ifle of 7. Fernando. With ^fuch Inftruments as he made in that manner, he got fuch Provifion as the Ifland afforded ; either Goats or Fifli. He told us that at firft he was forced to eat Seal, which is very ordinary Meat, before he had made Hooks : bui I afterwards he never killed any Seals but to make| Lines, cutting their Skins into Thongs. He had a little Houfe or Hut half a Mile from the Sea, which was lin*d with Goats Skin •, his Couch or ^arbecu of Sticks lying along about two foot diftant fr6m the Ground, was fpread with the fame, and was.all his Bedding. He had no Cloaths left, having worn out thofe he brought from IVatUn*^ Ship, but only a Skin about his Wafte. He faw our Ship the Day before we came to an Anchor, and did befieve we vftrQEngUJhy and therefore kill'u three Goats in the Morning, before we came to an Anchor, and dreft them with Cabbage, to treat us when we, came a- ihore. He came then to the Sea-fide to congratulate our fafe Arrival. And when we landed, ^^Moskho Indian^ named Rohiriy firft leap*d afiiore, and , run- ning to his Brother Moskito Man, threw himM flat I on his face at his htt^ who helping him up,y ap^ em", bracing him, fell flat with his face on ^th^ Gxpund at Robin's feet, and was by him taken up. a|fo.' "Wc flood with pleafureto behold the fur^'i^^ an^ten- dernefs, and folemnity of this Interview,' which was exceedingly affedlionate on both Sides j and when their Ceremonies of Civility were over, we alfo that ftood gazing at them drew near, each of us em- bracing him we had found here, who was overjoyed to fee fo many of his old Friends come hither, as he thought purpofely to fetch him. He was named JVilli as the other was i?(7^f«, Thefewereiiames giv- en them by the Englijh^ for they had no Names a- mong themfclves ; and^ they take it as a great fa- vour ne IJk of John Fcman4o defcribed, %y irour to be named by any of us; and will complain -^j^^^Sj ffor want ofj^, if we do not appoint them fome name ^"'^^^^ fwhen thev^arp with qs : faying of tbemfelves th«y pt poor Men, and have ne Name. This Ifland vk ip lat. 34 d. 45 m. and about 120 .eagues from the Main, It is about 12 Leagues [found, full of high Jf ills, andfmall pleafantValleys-; I which if manured, would prob^^bly produce any nThing proper for the Climate. The fides of the Mountains are part Savannahs, part Woodland, S^- Ivannahs are clear pieces of Land without Woods ; [not becaufe more Darren than the Wood-land, for [they are frequently Jfpots of as good Land as any, [and often ^re intermix? with Wood-land. In the Bay [of Campeacb-j ^re very large Savannahs, which I [have feen fi^U of Cattle : but abQut the River o^ Plate [are the largeft that ever I heard of, 50, 60, 'or loo [Miles in length ; and JaniOilca, Cuba and Hifpaniola^ (have many Savaninahs intermixt withWoods. Places [cleared of Wood by Art and Labour do not go by [this Name, but thoie only which are found fo in the |unii;ihabited parts of America^ fuch as this Ifle of \john Fermnao's ; or which were originally clear in )ther parts. The Grafs in thefe Savannahs at John Fernando't lis not a long Baggy Grafs, fuch as is ufually in the [Savannahs in the fr eft- Indies, but a fort of kindly [Grars, thick and flourifliing the biggeft part of the [Year. The Woods afford divers forts of Trees s [fome large and good Timber for Building, but none [fie for Mafts. The Cabbage Trees of this Ifle are but [fmali and low ; yet afford a good Head, and the ICabbage very fweet. This Tree I fhall defcribe ia the Appendix, in theBay of C(2w/'(?^<:/:'y. The Savannahs are (locked with Goats in great [Herds : but thofe that live on the Eaft-end of the llfland are not fo fa: as thofe on the Weft-end ; for Ithough there is much more Grafs, and plenty of G 4 Water tt Goats at J, Tctnind&sl ifn. 1693. Water in every STallcy, neverthbleft khey thrive notl '"^ fo well here as on the Weft-end, Where there is m I^ood ; and yet there are found greater Flocks, and! thofe too fatter and fweeter. I ' That Weft-end of the Iftandii all high Champi. on Ground without any Valley, and but one place tol land i there is neither Wood nor any frefli Water,! and the Grafs fhort and dry. I Goats were Arft put on the Ifland by John Fer\ fiando, who firft difcovered it on his Voyage froml Lima to Baldivtd\ (and difcovered alfo another Iflamjl about the fame bigriefs, 20 Leagues to theWeftwarfl of this J From thofe Goats thcfc were propagated,! and the Ifland hath taken its Name from this iijl firft Difcoverer, who when he returned to Lima^ deJ fired a Patent for it, defigning to fettle 'here ; and! it was in his fecond Voyage hither that he fet aflioftl three or four Goats, which have fince by their inJ creafe, fo well ftock'd the whole Ifland. But he! could never get a Patent for ic, therefore it liesftilll deftitute of Inhabitants, tho* doubtlefs capable ofl maintaining 4 or 500 Familes, by wh^t may be proT duced off the Land only. I fpeak much within comJ pafs i for the Savannahs would at prefent feed icool Head of Cattle, befidcs Goats, and the Land being! cultivated would probably bear Corn, orWheat, andl goodPeafe, Yams, or Potatoes ; for the Land in theirl valleys and fides of the Mountains, is of a god! black fruitful Mould. The Sea about it is likcwifel very produdlive of its Inhabitants. Seals fwarm as! thick about this Ifland, as if they had no other placel in the World to live in ; for there is not a Bay norl Rock that one can get afliore on, but is full of themJ Sea-Lions are here in great Companies, and Filli, particularly Snappers and Rock-fifli, are fo plenti- ful, that two Men in an Hour's I'ime will take with] Hook and Lkie as many as wiii ferve 1 00 Men. The Seals^ t9 The Seals ^xt a fort of Creatures pretty well -^w. 1683 mown, yet it miy not be amifs to defer ibe them, "hey are as big as Calves, the Head of them like a )og, therefore called by the Butch the Sea-hounds, Jndereach Shoulder ^rows a long thick Fin : Thefc Iferve them to fwim with when in the Sea, and are iftead of Legs to them when on the Land for kifing their Bodies up on end, by the Help of thefe Fins or Stumps, andfo having ther Tail-parts drawn tlofe under them, they rebound as it were, and [hrow their Bodies forward, drawing their hinder i'arts after them ; and then again rifmg up, and )ringing forward with their fore Parts alternately, ley lie tumbling thus up and down,^ all the while ley are mo«'ing on Land. From their Shoulders to icir Tails they grow tapering like Filh, and have ^0 fmall Fins on each (tde the Rump *, which is lommonlv covered with their Fins. Thefe Fins :rve inftead of a Tail in the Sea ; and on Land ley fit on them, when they give fuck to their young, 'heir Hair is of divers colours, as black, grey, dun, )otted, looking very Peek and pleafant when they [ome firft out of the Sea: For thefe at John Fernan* 9*s have fine thick IhortFurr -, the like 1 have not iiken notice of any where but in thefe Seas. Here [re always Thoufands, I might fay poffibly Millions |f them, either fitting on the Bays, or going and )ming in the Sea round the Ifland •, which is cove- id with them (as they lie at the Top of the Wa- Er playing and funning themfelves ) for a Mile or i?/ofrom the Shore. When they come out of the ja they bleat, like Sheep for their Young ; and 10' they pafs through Hundreds of others young les, before they come to their own, yet they will )t fuffer any of them to fuck. The young ones re like Puppies, and lie much afliore ; but when eaten by any of us, they, as well as the old ones, [ill make towards the Sea. and* fwim very fwift and ^^^YNJ po Tke Sea Lian: A9' 1^3' and nimble i tho* on Shore they lie very fluggiftjy L rfy^ and will nor go out of our waya uniefs we ben (hen), but fnap at us. A blo^ on the Nofe foot kills (hem. Large Ships might here Iqad themrelvdl with Seals-ikins, ai^d Trane-ovl \ i^r they are eml ordinary fat. Seals are found as well in cold as hot| Climates ; and in tlie cold Places they love to get Lumps of Ice, where they will lie an^ fun then felves, as here on the Land : They are frequent ii{ the Northern Parts of Europe and /Itmricat and the Southern Parts of -^nV^?, as about the CapH\ Good Hope^ and at the Streigbts of Magellan : An tho* I never faw any in the iVeft-hidief^ but in tlv| Bay of Campeacby^ at certain Iflands. called the (eranes^ and at others called x\ytl)efarts \ yet tii(|| are Qver all the American Coail of the South'Stq from Terra del Fuego^ im to the Equiflpftial Lir but to the North of the Equinox.again^ in thefe Sea I never faw any, till as far as i \ North Lat. No ^id I ever fee any in the Eetft-hdies, \n gcnen they feem to, refort where there is plenty of Fill for ^hat is their Fodd i >^nd Fi(h» fuCh as they fe« j!^,n, as Cods, Groppers, ^c. are mod plentiful rocky Coafts : and fuch is moitly this "Weftern Co;^ pf *che South Am^vica ; as I (hail further relate. The Sea-Lion is a large Creature ajbout 1 2 or ij Foot long. The biggeft Part of his Body is asbjl as a Bull : It is (haped like a Seal^ but fix times j big. The Head is like a Lion*s Head i it hathj broad Face with many long Hairs growing aboutiij Lips like a Cat. it has a great goggle Eye, tin Teeth three Inches long, about the Bign^fs ofj Man's Thumb : In Capt. Sharp's time, fome of oui Men made Pjce with them. They have no Hi^ on their Bodies like the Seal j they are of a duj Colour, and are all extraordinary fat;-> onepftheij being cut up and boiled, will yield a Hogflieadi pil, which is very f\sreet and wholfome to fry Mc "^ ....... ^.^j^ Snapper-Ffjh, Roek-Ftfi. ...»,T» if Bthal. The lean Flcfli is black, and of a tparfe jtM^tijS), Irain j yet indifFercric good Food. They will lie a fcek at a time alhore if not difturbed. Where 3 • 4, or more of them come afhore tqgethtr, they iddleoneon another like Swine, and gruht like icm, making a hideous Noife. They eat Fifhi |hi(^ I believe is their common Food. - ^ The Snapper is a Fifli much like a Roach^ but d ;atdeal bigger. It hath a large Head and Mouth, |id great Gifis. The Back is of a bright Red, the clly of a Silver Colour : The Scales are as broad a Shilling. The Snapper is excellent Meat. They [e in many Places in ihe Weft-Indies^ and the South' is: I have not feenthem any where befide. [The Rock-Fijh is called by Seamen a Grooper ; the \amards call it a Baccalao, which is the Name for )d, becaufe it is much like it. It is rounder than Snapper^ of a dark brown Colour ; and hath [all Scales no bigger than a Silver-penny. This m is.goodfweet Meat, and is found m great ^ ^nty on all the Coaft of Peru and Chili. ""here are only two Bays in the whole Ifland ^ere Ships may anchor ; thefe are both at the ' -end, and in both of them is a Rivulet of good Water. Either of thefe Bays may be fortified [h little charge, to that degree that 50 Men in [hmay be able to keep off 1000 ; and there is no ling into thefe Bays from the Weft-end, but [h great difficulty, over the Mountains, where if len are placed, they may keep down as many as le againft them on any fide. This was partly ex- [ienced by 5 Englijhmen that Capt. Davis left here, defended themfelves againft a great Body of hiards who landed in the Bays, and came here to |roy them i and tho' the fecond time one of their iforts deferted and fled to the Spaniards^ yet the sr four kept their ground, and were afterwards en in from hence by Capt. Strong of London. We 9^ Their Manttgement §/ their Sick, We remained at John Ftrnando's fixteen DaytJ our fick Men were afhore all the time, and one Captain Eaton*s Dodors (for he had four in Ship ) tending and feeding them with Goat 2 feveral Herbs, whereof here is plenty growing! the Brooks i and their Difeafes wert chiefly Scorj butick. II CH^A Of CHAP. V. \he Author departs from ]ohjx Fcrnando'x. Of the Pacifick Sea. Of the Andes, or high Mountains in Peru ^»^ Chili. A Trize taken. Ip of Lobos: Penguins and other Birds there. Three Prizes more. The Iflands Gal- lapago's: The Dildoc-7r^^, Burton JVood^ Mammet- Tr^^j, Guanoes, Land-Tottoifc, their fever al kindi Green Snakes, Turtle^ Doves, Tortoife, or Turt/e-^nCs. Sea -Tur- tle, their feveral Kinds. The Air and PVea- ther at the Gsilhpzgo's, Some of the Iflands defcribedy their Soil, &c. The Ifland Cocos defcribed. Cape BXznco, and the Bay ofCiX'^ dcra J the Savannahs there. Capt. Cook dies. Of Nicoya, and a red fVood for dying, and other Commodities. A narrow kfcafe of Twelve Men. Lance wood. Volcan Vejo, a burning Mountain on the Coafi of Ria Lexa. A Tornado. The Ifland and Harbour ofKi^ Lexa. TheGulphofAmsLpziiz andTointGz^ fivina. Ifles of Mangcra and Amapaila. The Indian Inhabitants. Hog- Plumb- 7r^^. Other Iflands in the Guiph of Amsipzlh. Capt. Eaton and Capt, Davis careen their Ships hne, and afterwards part. HE 8th of April 1684, we failed from the me of 7. Fernando, with the Wind at S. E. We Ere now two Ships in Company : Capt. CoolCs,^ whofe 94 Pacifick-Sea if».' 1684. whofe Shi J) I was in, and who here took the SicItJ ^^^TV^^ ncfs of which he died a while after , and GaptaJ Eaton's. Our Paflage lay now along the Pacijick-Se(i[ properly fo called. For tho' it be ufual with ourl Map-makers to give that Name to this whole 0.1 cean, calling it Mare Auftraky Mai del Zur^ or Ma4 Pacificum ; yet, in my Opinion, the Name of thl Pacifick-Sea ought not to be extended from South tol North farther than from 30 to about 4 Deg. Soutij Latitude, and from the American Shore "Weftwarfl indefinitely, withrefpeft to my Obfervation ; wliii| have been in thefe parts 250 Leagues or more froml Land, and ftill had the Sea very quiet from Windil For in all this Traft of Water, of which I havtl fpoken, there are no dark rainy Clouds, tho' ofteii| a thick Horizon, fo as to hinder an Obfervation i the Sun with the Quadrant ', and in the MorninJ hazy Weather frequently, and thick Mills, butl fcarce able to wet one. Nor are there in this Sal any Winds but the Trade-wind, no Tempefts, m Tornadoes or Hurri( - nes ( tho* North of the EquaT for, they are met with as well in this Ocean as in tli(| Atiantick ; ) yet the Sea itfelf at the new and fullofl the Mocn, runs with high, large, long Surges, butl fuch as never break out at Sea, and fo are fafe el nough i unlefs that where they fall in and break up-| on the Shore, they make it bad landing. In this Sea we made the beft of our way towardl the Line, till in the Lat. of 24 S. where we fell in with the main Land of the South America, All thiil courfe of the Land, both of Chili and Peru is vaftlyl high J therefore we kept 12 or 14 Leagues off froml ' Ihore, being unwilling to be feen by the Spaniam dwelling there. The Land ( efpecially beyond this,[ from 24 deg. S. Lat. 17, and from 14 to 10) isofl a moft prodigious Heighth. It lies generally inl Ridges parallel to the Shore, and 3 or 4 Ridges onJ with another, each lurpaffing other in heighdiil andl Andes of Chili and Vtixx, $ ees of divers forts, unknown to us. Some of the reftermoft of thefe Iflands, are nine or ten Leagues |>ng, and fix or feven broad j the Mould deep and lack. Thefe produceTrees of great and tall Bodies, [pecially Mammee-trees, which grow here in great «oves. In thefe large Iflands there are fome pretty fg Rivers ; and in many of the other lefler Iflands, lere are Brooks of good Water. The Spaniards when ^ey firft difcover*d thefe Iflands, found Multitudes •Guanoes, and Land-turtle orTortoife, and named iem the Gallapagos Iflands. I do believe there is no face in the World that is fo plentifully ftored with ^ofe Animals. The Guanoes here are fat and larger iany_that I ever faw ; they are fo tame, that a Mun Jay knock down twenty in an Hour's Time with a jlub. TheLand^turtle are here fo numerous, that 5 H 3 or 102 Land-Tortoifc, theit Kinds, '^n. 1684 ot 600 Men might fubfift on them alone for feverjl V^V^' Months, without any other fort of Provifion : They are extraordinary large and fat i and fo. fweet, that no Pullet eats more pleafantly. One of the largeftof] thefe Creatures will weigh 150 or 200 weight, and feme of them are 2 foot, or 2 foot 6 inches over the Challapee qr Belly. I did never fee any but at thij place,, that will weigh above 30 pound weight. 1 have heard that at the Ifle of St. Lawrence or Mak gafiar^ and at the Englifh Foreft, an Ifland near it, called alfo Don Mafcarin^ and now pofTelTed by tht French*, there are very large ones, but whether fo| big, fat, and fweet as thefe, I know not. There art <£ or 4 forts or thefe Creatures in the Weft'Indm\ One is called by the Spaniards, Hecatee ; thefe live moil in frefh Water-ponds, and feldom come Land. They weigh about 10 or 15 pound •, they have fmall liCgs and flat Feet, and fmall longNecks. Another fort is called Tenapen ; thefe are a great deal lefs than the Hecatee ; the Shell on their Bach is all carved naturally, finely wrought, and well clouded : the Backs of thefe are rounder than thofel before- mentioned i they are otherwise much of tlie| (ame form : Thefe delight to live in wet fwampy places, or on the Land near fuch places. Both theic ibrts are very good Meat. They are in great plentj| on the IJles of Pines near Cuba : there the Sfanlj Hunters when they meet them in the Woods briiig| them home to their Huts, and mark them by notcli ing their Shells, then let them go ; this they do to have them at Hand, for they never ramble far froml thence. When thefe Hunters return to Cuba, after! about a Month or fix Weeks flay, they carry v them 3 or 400 or more, of thefe Creatures to fell;| for they are very good Meat, and ev'^ry Man knowi his own by their Marks. Thefe Tortoife in \:\\tGii\ lapdgoes are more like tht Hecatee, except thrt, asll faid before, they are much bigger i and they havi '^^■'. . vervi Sca-Tortoifc, and their Kinds:> ipj /ery long rni^ll Necks and little Heads. There are ^»- 1^84; fome (green Snakes on thefe Iflands, but no other * '^"^ ' Land Animal that I did evqr fee. There are great )Jenty of Turtle-Doves fo tame, that a Man may [ill 5 or 6 do2;en in a Forenoon with a (tick. They ^re fomewhat lefi than a Pigeon, and are very good feat, and commonly fat. There are good wide Channels between thefe I- lands fit for Ships to pafs, and in fome places fhole ^ater, where there grows plenty of Turtle-Grafs i therefore thefe Iflands are plentifully ftored with Jea-Turtle, of that fort which is called the green Turtle. I have hitherto deferred the defcription of jhcfe Creatures, therefore I fliall give it here. There ^it 4 forts of Sea- turtle, viz. the Trunk-turtle, the Loggerhead, the Hawks-bill, and the Green-turtle, TheTrunk-turtle is commonly bigger than the other, their Backs are higher and rounder, and their Flefli rank and not whollome.The Loggerhead is fo calPd, )ecaufe it hath a great Head, much bigger than the )t.her forts i their flefli is likewife very rank, and fel- Jom eaten but in cafe of Neceflity : They feed on Jvlofs that grows about Rocks. TheHawks-billTur- |le is the leaft kind, they are fo call'd becaufe their [ouths are long and fmail, fomewhat refembling Ihe Bill of a Hawk : on the Backs of thefe Hawks- )illTurtle grows that fliell which is fo much efl:eem*d for making Cabinets, Combs, and other things. The [argeftofthem may have 3 pound an an half of fliell ; have taken fome that have had 3 pound loOunces : Jut they commonly have a pound and hilf, or two jound i fome not fo much. Thefe are but ordinary food, but generally fweeter than the Loggerhead : Tet thefe Hawks-bills, in fome places are unwhol- fome, caufing them that eat them to purge and vo- lit exceflively, efpecially thofe between the SavibaU m and Portobel. We meet with other Fifli in the ^ejl-liidiesy of the fame malignant Nature : But I H 4 fliall 104 Sea-Tortoire, and their Kindsl dH^t694. (hall defcribe them in the Appendix. Thcfe Hawkt.| '^ bill Turtles arc better or worfc, accordins to their feeding. In fome places they feed on Grafs, as ^he Grcen-Tortoife alio doth ; in other places they keep among Rocks, and feed on Mofs, or Sea-Weeds; but thefe are not fo fweet as thole that eat Grafs, neither is their Shell fo clear •, for they arc commonly over-grown with Barnacles which fpoil tLe (hell; and their flcfh is commonly yellow, elpecially the fat. Hawks-bill Turtle are in many places of the PFefl Indies : They have Iflands and places peculiar to themfelvcs, where they lay their Eggs, and feldom come among any other Turtle. Thefe and all other Turtle lay Eggs in the Sand ; their Time of laying is in May, June^ 7"h' Some begin fooner, fome la- ter. They lay 3 Times in a Seafon,and at cachTiuje 80 or 90 Eggs. Their Eggs are as big as a Hen'j Egg, and very round,- covered only with a whit«| tough Skin. There are fome Bays on the North- fide of Jamaica, where thefe Hawks-bills reforttol lay. In the Bay of Honduras are Iflands which they| likewife make their breeding-places, and many pla- ces along all the Coaft on thcMainof the JVeJl^hdm} from ^rinidado to La Vera Cruz, in the Bay of Nom Hifpania. Wh'jn a Sea-turtle turns out of the Sea to lay, fhe is at leaft an Hour before (he returns again, for (he is to go above High-water Mark, and if it be low-water when (he comes a(hore, (he muft reft once or twice, being heavy, before (he comes to the place where (h? lays. When (he hath found a place for her pirpo'e, (lie makes a great hole with her Fins in theSanH, wherein (he lays her Eges, then covers them 2 foot deep with the fame Sand which 4he threw out of the hole, and fo returns. Sometimes| they come up the Night before they intend to lay, and take a view of the place, and fo having madeal Tour, or Semi-circular March, they return to the Sea again, and they never fail to come afhore the next Sea-Tortoife, and their Kinds. 105 next night to lay near that i)lacc. All forts of Turtle ^». «^>4* ufe the fame methods in laying. I knew a Man in JO' ^^'"^^^ tnaica^ that made 8 pound Sterling of the (hell of thcfe Hawks-billTurtle, which he got in oneSeafon, and in one fmallBay, not half a Mile long. The manner of taking them is to watch the Bay, by walking from one part to the other all night, making no noife, nor keeping any fort of light. When the Turtle comes afliore, the Man that watches for them turns them on their Backs, then hales them above hip;h-water mark, and leaves them till theMorning. A large green Tur- tle, with her weight and ftruggling, will puzzle 2 Men to turn her. The Hawks-billTurtle arc not only found in the^eji-hdiesy but on the Coaft of Guinea^ and in thcEaft-Indies. I never faw any in ihtSoutb-Seas, .. .The green Turtle are fo called,*becaufe their (hell lis greener than any other. It is very thin and clear, and better clouded than the Hawks-bill *, but 'tis ufedonly for inlays, being extraordinary thin. Thefe Turtles are generally larger than the Hawks-bill ; one will weigh ?. or 3 hundred Pound. Their Backs are fiattcr than the Hawks-bill, their Heads round and fmall. Green Turtle are the fweeteft of all the kinds : but there are degrees of them, both in re- fpeft to their flefti and their bignefs. I have ob- served that at Blanco in the Pf'^'eft-Indies, the green Turtle (which is the only kind there) are larger than any other in the North-Seas. There they will commonly weigh 280 or 300 pound : Their Fat is yellow, aftd the Lean white, and their Flelh ex- traordinary fweet. At Boca Toro^ Weft of Poriobel, they are not fo large, their flefli not fo white, nor the fat fo yellow. Thofe in the Bay of Honduras mdCampeachy are fomevvhat fmaller Itill i their fat is green, and the lean of a darker colour than thole at Boca Toro. I beard of a monftrous green Turtle once taken at Port- Royal, in the Bay of Cajtipeachy [that was four foot deep from the back to the belly, and 106 Sei-Tortoi(e, 'and their Kihds: ^An,\6i\ and the belly fix foot broad ; Capt. Roclfi Son, of | about nine or ten Years of A^e, went in it as in x Boat, on board his Father's Ship, ibout a quarter i}fL a Mile from the Jiore. The leaves of Fat afforded SI eight Gallons of Oil. The Turtle that live among , the Keys, or fmall Iflands on the South-fide ofCuba^ are a mix'd fort, fome bigger, fomelefs; andfoj their flefh is of a mixt Colour, fome green, fome dark, fomeyellowilh. With thefe PortmRoyal mJaA maica isconftantly fupplied, by Sloops that come hi- { ther with Nets to take them. They carry them a- live to Jamaica^ where the Turtles haveWires made I with Stakes in the Sea, to prefcrve them alive •, and the Market is every Day plentifully itored with Turtle, it being the common Food there, chiefly for the ordinary fort of People. Green Turtle live on Grafs, which grows in the Sea, in 3, 4, 5, or 6 Fathom Water, at moft of the Places before-mentioned. This Grafs is different from Manatee-grafs, for that is a fmall blade \ but this a quarter of an inch broad, and fix Inches long, The Turtle of thefe Iflands Gallapa^os, are a fort of a baflard grecnTurtle •, for their (hell is thicker than other green Turtle in the Pf^fji or Eaji-Indies, and their flefh is not fo fw^cc. They are larger than any other green Turtle ; for it is common for thefe to be two or three foot deep, and their Callapees, or Bellies five foot wide : But there are other green Turtle in the South-Seas that are not fo big as the fmalleft Hawks-bill. Thefe are fcen at the Ifland Plata, and other places thereabouts : They feed on| Mofs, and are very rank, but fat. Both thefe forts are different from any others, fori both He*s and She's come afhore in the Day Time,! and lie in theSun ; but in other places, none but the She's go afhore, and that in the Night only, to !ay| their Eggs. The beft feeding forTurtle in the Southl Seas is among thefe Gallapagos Iflands, for here is plenty of Grafs, Therel Sca-Tortolfe, and their Kindi, ' There is another fort of greenTurtlc in the South- I Seas which are but fmall, yet pretty fwect : Thefe Jic Weft ward on the Coaft of Mexico. One thing is very llrange and remarkable in thefe Creatures i that at the breeding Time they leave for two or I three Months (heir common haunts, where they feed Imoft of the Year, and rcfort to other Places, only I to lay their Eg^s : And 'tis not thought that they cat any Thing during this Seafon : So that both He's and She's grow very lean ; but the He's to that de- gree that none will eat them. The moft remarka- ble Places that I did 'ever hear of for their breeding, isatanlfland in thtlVeft-Indies czWtdCaimanes^ and the Ifle Afcentiott in the V/eJiern Ocean : and when the breedineTime is pad, there are none remaining. Doubtlefs they fwim fome hundreds of Leagues to come to thofe two Places : For it hath been often pbfcrved, that at Caimanes, at the breeding Time, there arc found all thofe fort of Turtle before de* icribed. ThtSouth-Keys of Cuba are above 4oLeagues Ifroni thence, which is the neareft Place that thefe {Creatures can come from ; and it is mod certain, that there could not live fo many there as come there in one Seafon. Thofe that go to lay at Jfiention, muft needs tra- Ivel much farther 5 for there is no Land nearer it than I300 Leagues : And it is certain, that thefe Crea- Itures live always near the fhore. In the South-Sea llikewife, the Gallapagos is the place where they live |the biggeft part of the Year •, yet they go from thence It their Seafon over to the Main, to lay their Eggs; /hich is 1 00 Leagues, the neareft Place. Altho* iMultitudes of thefe Turtles go from their common iPlaces of feeding and abode, to thofe laying Places, |yet they do not all go : And at the Time when the 'urtle refort to theS Places to lay their Eggs, they ire accompanied with abundance of Fiih, efpecially ">harks j the Places which the Turtle then leave be- jng tor An. 1684: loS The Weather at the Gallapagos. ^0^i^4. ing at that Time deftitutc of Fifli, which follow the ' Turtle. When the She's go thus to their Places to lay, the Male accompany them, and never leave them till they return : Both Male and Female are fat the be- ginning of the Seafon ; but before they return, the Male, as I faid, are fo lean, that they are not fit to cat, but the Female are good to the very laft ; yet not fo fat as at the beginning of the Seafon. It is re* ported of thefe Creatures, that they are nine Days engendering, and in the Water *, the Male oii the Female's Back. It is obfervable',that the Male, while engendering, do not eafily forfake their Female : For I have gone and taken hold of the Male when cngendring : and a very bad flriker may ilrikc them then, for the Male is not fhy at all-: But the Female feeing a Boat, when they rife to blow, would make her efcape, but that the Male grafps her lyith his two fore Fins, and holds her faft. When they are thus coupled, it is beft to ftrike the Female firft, then you are fure of the Male alfo. Thefe Creatures are thought to live to a great Age ; and it is obferved by x}[ityamaica Turtlers, that they are many Years before they come to their full growth. The Air of thefe Iflands is temperate enough confidering the Clime.' Here is conftantly a frelh Sea-breeze all Day, and cooling refrelhing Winds in the Night : Therefore the Heat is not fo violent here, as in moft Places near the Equator. The time of the Year for the Rains is in Novetnber, December and Januar'^. Then there is oftentimes excefllve hard tempeftuous Weather, mixt with much Thun- der and Lightning. Sometimes before and after thtfe Months, there are moderate refrcfhing fhow- ers ; but in May^ June^ July and ^ugufi^ the Wea- ther is always very fair. We ftaid at one of thefe Iflands, which lies under the Equator but one I'vi^ht, becaufe our Prizes could The Soilf &c. Z09 could not get in to Anchor. We reffefli'd our rf»- «<5f4j felves very well both with Land and Sea-Turtles •, ^-OPy apd the next Day we failed from thence. The next Ifland of the Gallapagos that we came to, is but two Leagues from this : 'tis rocky and barren like this i it is about five or fix Leagues long, and four broad. We anchored in the Afternoon, at the North-fide of the Ifland, a Quarter of a Mile from the Shore, in 16 Fathom Water. It is fteep all round this Ifland, and no anchoring only at this Place. Here it is but ordinary riding •, for the Ground isfo fl^eep, that if an Anchor ftarts it neter holds again ; and the Wind is commonly off from the Land, except in the Night, when the Land-wind comes more from the Well:, for there it blows right along the Shoar, tho" but faintly. Here is no Water but in Ponds and Holes of the Rocks. That which we fir ft ancho- red at hath Water on the North-end, falling down in a Stream from high fteep Rocks, upon the fandy Bay, where it may be taken up. As foon as we came to an Anchor, we made a Tent afliore for" Capt. Cook who was fick. Here we found the Sear- Turtle lying afliore on the Sand •, this is not cufto- mary in the ff^eft- Indies, We turned them on their Backs that they might not get away. The next Day more came up, when we found it to be their cuftomi to lie in the Sun : So we never took care to turn them afterwards ; but fcnt afliore the Cook every Morning, who killed as many as ferved for the Day. This Cuftom we obferved all the time we lay here, feeding fometimes on Land-Turtle, fometimes on Sea-Turtle, there being plenty of either fort. Capt. Davis came hither again a fccond time -, and then he went to other Iflands on the Weft-fide of thefe. There he found fuch plenty of Land-Turtle, that he and his Men eat nothing elfe for three Months that he ftaid there. They were fo fat that he faved fixty Jars of Oil out of thofe that he fpent : Thi^ 2 Oil if6 Cocos Ifiand.^ jin. 1684. Oil ferved inftead of Butter, to cat with Doughboys " ""'^ * or Dumplins, in his return out of thefe Seas. He found very convenient Places to careen, and good 'Channels between the Iflands -, and very good an- choring in many Places. There he found alio •plenty of Brooks of good Frefti-water, and Fire- wood enough, there being plenty of Trees fit for many ufes. Capt. Harrii, one that we Ihall fpeak of hereafter, came thither likewife, and found lomc Iflands that had plenty of Mammee-Trees, and pretty large Rivers. The Sea about thefe Iflands is plenti- fully ftored withFifli, fuch as are at John Fernando\ They are both large and fat, and as plentiful here as at John Fernando*s, Here are particularly abun- dance of Sharks. The North-part of this fecond Ifle we anchored at, lies 28 min. North of the Equator. I took the Height of the Sun with an Aftrolahe. Thefe Ifles of the Gallapago's have plenty of Salt. We fl:ay'd here but 1 2 Days •, in which time we put afliore 5000 Packs of Flour for a Referve, if we fliould have occafion of any before we left thefe Seas. Here one of our Indian Prifoners informed us that he was born at Ria Lexa, and that he would engage to carry us thither. He being examin'd of the Strength and Riches of it, fatlsfy*d the Company fo well, that they were refolv*d to go thither. Having thus concluded; the 12th of 7««^ we Hiiled from hence, defigning to touch at the Ifland Cocos, as well to put aflioar fome Flour there, as to fee the Ifland, becaufe it was in our way to Ria Lexa. We fteer*d North, till in Lar. 4 d. 40 min. intending then to fl:eer W. by N. for we expefled to have had the Wind at S. by E. or S. S. E. as we had on the South-fide of the Equator, Thus I had formerly found the Winds near the Shoar in thefe La • titudes i but when we firft parted from the Gallapa- gos, we had the Wind at S. and as wc failed far- ther North, we had the Windj atS. by W. thenat ' S. S. w. Cape Blanco. iii 5.S.W. Winds which we did not exped. We •^"•« 684: thought at firft that the Wind would come about ^OC^* again to the South ; but when we came to fail off Weft to the Iflartd Cocos, we had the Wind at S.W. by S. and could lie but W. by N. Yet we ftood that courfe till we were in the Lat. 5 d. 40 m. N, and then defpairing, as the Winds were, to find the Ifland CocoSi we fteer'd over to the Main •, for had we feen the Jfland then, we could not have fetchc it, being fo far to the North of it. The Ifland Cocos is fo named by the Spaniardsi becaufe there are abundance of Coco- Nut Trce^ growing on it. They are not only in one or two Places, but grow in f^reat Groves, all round the Ifland, by the Sea. This is an uninhabited Ifland, it is 7 or 8 Leagues round, and pretty high in the mid- dle, where it is deftitute of Trees, but looks very green and pleafant^ with an Herb called by the Spa-- wards Gramadael. It is low Land by the Sea-fide. This Ifland is in 5 d. 1 5 m. North of the Equator ; it is environed with Rocks, which makes italmoft inacceflible : only at the N. E. End there is a fmall Harbour where Ships may fa^ely enter and ride fe- cure. In this Harbour there is a fine Brook of frefli Water running into the Sea. This is the Account that the Spaniards give of it, and I had the fame alfo from Capt. Eaton ^ who was there afterward. Any who like us had not experienced the Nature of the Winds in thefe Parts, might reafonably c^- peft that we could have failed with a flown Sheet to Ria hem \ but we found our felves mift:aken, for as we came nearer the Shoar, we found the Winds right in our Teeth. But I fliall refer my Reader to the Chapter of Winds in the Appendix, for a I farther Account of this. We had very fair Weather,and fmall Winds in this I Voyage from the Gallapagos, and at the Beginning of \]ul^ we fell in with Cape Blanco^ on the Main of Mexico, tiz Caldera-Bay. ^^L^^' Mexico, This isfo called from two white Rocks ly- ^^^^^ ing off it. When we are off at Sea right againft the Cape, they appear as part of the Cape ; but being near the Shore, either to the Eaftward or Weftward of the Cape, they appear like two Ships under fail at firft view, but coming nearer, they are like two high Towers ; they being fmall, high and fteep on all fides, and they are about half a Mile from the Cape. This Cape is in Lat.9 d. 56 m. It is about the height of Beachy-head in England, on the Coaft of Sujfex. It is a full Point, which fteep Rocks to the Sea. The Top of it is flat and even for about a Mile i then it gradually falls away on each fide with a gentle Defcent. It appears very pleafant, being co- ver*d with great lofty Trees. From the Cape on the N.W. fide the Land runs in N.E.for about 4 Leagues, making a fmall Bay, call*d by the Spaniards Caldera. A League within Cape Blanco, on the N. W. fide of it, and at the Entrance of this Bay, there is a fmall Brook of very good Water running into the Sea, Here the Land is low, making a faddling between 2 fmall Hills. It is very rich Land, producing large tall Trees of many forts *, the Mould is black and deep, which I have always taken notice of to be a fat Soil. About a Mih from this Brook, towards the N. E. the Woodland terminates. Here the Savan- nah Land begins, and runs fome Leagues into the Country, making many fmall Hills and Dales. Thefe Savannahs are not altogether clear of Trees, but are here and there fprinkled with fmall Gioves, which render them very delightful. The Grafs which grows here is ver" kindly, thick and long ; I have ieen none better in the JVeft-Indies. Toward the Bottom of the Bay, the Land by the Sea is low and full of Mangroves, but farther in the Country the Land is high and mountainous. The Mountains are Dart Woodland, part Savannah. The Trees in thoie Woods are but fmall and ihort » and the Mountains Cape Blanco and Caldera Bay. 1 1 % Mountain Savannahs are cloathed but with indiffe- An. /6S+. rent Grafs. From the bottom of this Bay, it is but •Ors-* 14 or 15 Leagues, to the Lake oi Nicargua on the North-Sea Coaft : The way between is fomewhat mountainous, but moft Savannah. Capt. Cook^ who was then fick at John Fernando* s, continued fo till we came within 2 or 3 Leagues of Cape Blanco^ and then died of a fudden ; tho* he feem*d that Morning to be as likely to live, as he had been fome Weeks before ; but it is ufual with fick Men coming from the Sea, where they have nothing but the Sea-Air, to die off as foon as ever they come within the view of the Land. About four Hours after we all came to an Anchor, (namely the Ship that I was in. Captain Eaton^ and the great Meal Prize,) a League within the Cape, right a- gainfl- the Brook of frefh-water, in 14 fathom clean hard Sand. Prefently after we came to an Artchor Capt. Cook was carried alhore to be buried, twelve Men carried their Arms to guard thofe that were ordered to dig the Grave : for although we faw no appearance of Inhabitants, yet we did not know biit the Country might be thick inhabited. And before Capt. Cook was interred, three Spanijh Indians came to the Place where our Men were digging the Grave, and demanded whet they were, and from whence they came ? To whom our Men an- fwered, they came from Lima, and were bound to Ria Lexa, but that the Captain of one of the Ships dying at Sea, obliged them to come into this Place to give him Chriftian Buriah The three SpaniJJj In* dians who were very Ihy at firft, began to be very bold, and drawing near, alked many fillyQueftions ; and our Men did not (lick to footh them up with as many Falfehoodfl, purpofely to draw them into their clutches. Oup Men often laught at their temerity ; and afked them if they never faw any Spaniards be- fore ? They told theip, that they themfelves were Vol. L I Spaniards, 114 Nicoya. ^n. 1684. Spaniards, and that they lived among Spanianh, and ^-''V^ that altho' they were born there, yet they had never feen 3 Ships there before : Our Men told them, that neither now might they have feen fo many, if it had not been on an urgent occafion. At length they drill'd them by Difcourfe fo nea'-, that our Men laid hold on all three at once •, but before Captain Cook was buried, one of them made his efcape, the other two were brought off aboard our Ship. Cap- tain Eaton immediately came aboard and examined them ; they connfefled that they came purpofely to view our Ship, and if poflible, to inform themfelves what we were ; for the Prefident of Panama not long before fent a Letter of advice to Nicoya, in- forming the Magiftrares thereof, that fome Enemies were come into thefe Seas, and that therefore it behoved them to be careful of themfelves. Nicoya is a fmall Mulatto Town, about 12 or 14 Leagues Eaft from hence, (landing on the Banks of a River of that name. It is a Place very fit for building Ships, therefore mod of the Inhabitants are Carpenters ; who are commonly employed in building new, or repairing old Ships. It was here that Capt. Sharp (juft after IJeft him, in the Year 1681.J got Car- penters to fix his Ship, before he returned to Eng- land : and for that reafon it behoved the Spaniards to be careful, (according to the Governour of Panama*s Advice,) Jefl any Men at other times wanting fuch ■NccelTaries as that Place afforded, might again be fupplied there. Thefe Spanijk Indians told us likewife, that they were fent to the Place where they were taken in order to view our Ships, as fearing thefe were thofe mentioned by the Prefident of Panama : It being demanded of them to give an account of the Eftate and Riches of the Country -, theyfaid that the Inhabitants Svere moft Hufbandmen, who were imployed either in Planting and Manuring of Corn, or chiefly about Cattle i they having large Savan- nahs Red- Wood. 115 nahs, which were well ftored With Bulls, Cows and w». 1684. Horfes ; that by the Sea-fide, in fome Places, there *;^^^V^ grew fome Red-wood, ufeful in Dying i of this ' theyfaid there was little Profit made, becaufe they were forced to fend t to the Lake of A^/Vjrg»684. dered the place together with the danger they were ^OT^ in, they propofed to fend one of the talleft Men to try if the Sea between them and the Rock were fordable. This Counfcl they prefently put in Exe- cution, and found it according to their defire. So they all marched over to the Rock, where they re- mained till the Canoa came to them ; which was sl- bout fcven Hours. It was the latter part of the Ebb when they firft went over, and then the Rock was dry 5 but when the Tide of Flood returned again, the Rock was covered, and the Water ftill flowing i fo that if our Canoa had ftaicd but one Hour longer, they might have been in as great danger of their Lives from the Sea, as before from the Spaniards j for theTide rifcth here about eight foot. The Spaniards remaintd on the (bore, expedling to fee them de- ftroyed, but never came from behind the Buflies, where they firft planted themfelves ; they having not above 3 or 4 Hand-guns, the reft of them being armed with l^2iTiCcz.T\it Spaniards in thefe parts are very expert in heaving or darting the Lance -, with which upon Occafion, they will do great Feats, cfpecially in Ambufcadcs : And by their goodwill, they care not for fighting otherwife, but content themfelves with ftanding aloof. ' reatning and cal- ling Names, at which they are a^ ^pcrt as the other ; fo that if their Tongues be quier, wc always take it for granted they have laid feme Ambiifli. Before Night our Canoa came aboird, and brought our Men all fafe. The next Day two Canoas were fent to the bottom of the Bay to icek for a large C:\noa, which we were informed was there. The Spaniards have neither Ships nor Barks here, and but a tew Canoas, which they feldom ufe : Neither are there any Fiftiermen here, as I judge, becaufe Fifh is very fcarce ; for I never law any here, neither could any of our Men ever take any -, and yot whcrc-cvcr I ^ W we thought it bcft to defer this Defign till another time. There is afineSpring of frelh Water on the Ifland; there are fome Trees alfo, but the biggeft Part is Savannah, whereon is good Grafs, tho' there is no fort of Beaft to eat it. This Idand is in Lat. 1 2 d. 10 m. North. Here we ftayed till 4 a Qock in the Afternoon • then our Ships being come within a League of the Shoar, we all went on board, and fleered for the Gulf of Amapalla^ intending there to ciireen our Ships. The 26th of Jul-j Capt. Eaton came aboard our Ship, to confultwith Capt. DaviSj how to get fomc Imiam to aflift us in careening : it was concluded, that when we came near the Gulf, Capt. Davi^ ihould take two Canoas well manned, and go be- fore, and Capt. Eaton Ihould ftay aboard. Ac- cording to this Agreement, Capt. Vavis wenf away for the Gulf the next Day. The Gulf of Amapalla is a great Arm of the Se;| running 8 or 10 Leagues into the Country. It is bounded on the South-fide of' its Enprance with Point 122 Ifles of Mangera <2//^, on the Eaft-fide, in 10 Fa- thom Water, clean hard Sand. In the Evening Capt. Davis and his Company came aboard, and brought the Fryar with them *, who told Capt. Davis, that if the Secretary had not been kill*d, he could have fent him a Letter by one of the Indiam rhat was taken at Mangera, and perfuaded him to come to us ; but now the only way was to fend one of thofe Indians to feek the Cajica, and that himfelf would inftrudl him what to fay, and did not que- ftion but the Cafica would come in on his word. The next Day we fent aflioar one of the Indians, who before Night returned with the Cajica and fix other Indians, who remained with us all the time that we ftaid here. Thefe Indians did us good fervice i efpe- cially in piloting us to nn Ifland where we kill'd Beef whenever we wanted •, and for this their fer- vice we fatisfied them to their Hearts content. It was at this Ifland Amapalla that a Party oiEngliJhmen and Frenchmen came afterwards, and ftay'd a great while, and at iaft landed on the Main, and marched over Land to the Cape River^ which difembogues in- to the North Seas near Cape Gratia Dios, and is therefore called the Capt*River : Near the Head of this The Vajfage along the Cape River. 129 this River they made Bark-logs (which I (hall de- ^»J^4l fcribe in the next Chapter) and fo went into the ' North-Seas. This was the way that Captain Sharp had propofed to go if he had been put to it •, ^or this way was partly known by Privateers by the dif- covcry that was made into the Country about 30 Years fince, hy a Party of Englifl> Men that went up that River in Canoas, about as far as the place where thefe French Men made their Bark-logs : there they landed and marched to a Town called Segovia in the Country. They were neat a Month getting up the River, for there were many Catarafts, where they were often forced to leave the River, and hale their Canoas alhoar over the Land, till they were paft the Catarads, and then launch their Canoas again into the River. I have difcourfed feveral Men that W2re in that Expedition, and if I miftake not, Captain Sharp was one of them. But to return to our Voyage in Hand •, when both our Ships were clean, and our Water filled. Captain Davis and Captain Eaton broke off Confortihips. Capt. Ea- ton took aboard of his Ship 400 Packs of Flour, and failed out of the Gulf the fecord Day of Sep* teinber. ^ Vol. I. K CHA?: * " 130 An. 1684. CHAP. VI. They depart from Amapalia. Tornadoes, Cape S. Francifco. They meet Captain Eaton, and part again. Ifle ^^/Tlata dejcribed. Another meeti'ug u:iih Capt. Eaton> and their final parting. 'Point Sanda Hellena. Algavranc, a fort of Tar. A Spanifh fVrsck, Cruifings, Manra, near lape St. Lorenzo. Monte Chri- fto. Cruifings. Cape Blanco. Payta. The Buildings iv Vzxw, The SoilofV^rw. Colan. Bark- logs de [bribed. Piura. The Road of Payta. Lobos de Terra. They come again to Lobos de la Mar. The Bay /?/* Guiaquil. IJle of Sanfta Clara. A rich Spanifh Wreck there. Cat fifh. Toint A re na in the Ifle Puna. The ifland defcribed. The Palmeto-/r^f . Town and Harbour of Puna. River of Guiaquil. Guiaquil Town. Its Commodities, Cacao^ Sarfaparilla, Quito Cloth. Of the Cit>\ and Gold, and Air of Quito. They enter the Bay in order to make an attempt on the Town of Guiaquil. A great Advantage flipt that might have been made of a Cohpany ofN^rt oes ta- ken in Guiaquil River. They go to Plata again. Ifle Plata, TH E third Day of September, 16P4J wefenuhc Friar afhoar, and left the Indians in Pofleflion of the Prize which we brougnt in hither, though fhe was Hill half kden with Flour, and we failed out with the Land- Wind, palfing between Amapalk and Tornadoes, 131 and Mangera. When we were a League out, we faw ^^' ^^^A' a Carioa coming with Sail and Oars after u? , there- '-^'VNl fore we fhortned Sail and ftaid for her. She was a Canoa fent by the Governour of St. Michael's, T'own to our Captain, defiring him not to carry away the Friar. The Meflenger being told, that the Friar was fet afhore again at AmaDalla^ he returned with joy, and wc made Sail again, having the Wind ac W. N. W. We fteered towards the Coaft of Peru ; we had Tornadoes every Day till we made Cape St. Francifco, which from June to Novrmber are very common on thefe Coails ; and we h;id with the 'tornadoea very much Thunder, Lightning and Rain. When the Tornadoes were over, the Winds, which while they lalted was molt from theSouth-Eaft,came about again to the Weft, r.i.d never failed us till we were in fight of Cape St. I'rancifco^ where we found the Wind at South with fair Weather. This Cape is in lat. Old. 00 North- Tt is a high blult', or full point of Land, cloathed with tall great Trees. Paf- iing by this Point, coming from the North, you will fee a finall low Point, which you might f^jppofe to be the Cape j but you are then pail it, and prefent- ly afterwards it appears with three Points. TheLand in the Country within this Cape is very high, and the Mountains commonly appear very black. When we ' came in with this Cape, we overtook Capt. Katony plying under the (hoar : he in his Paflage from ^- jnapaila^ while he was on that Coaft, met with fach terrible Tornadoes of Thunder and Lightning, that as he and all his Men related, they had never met with the like in any Place. They were very much af- frighted by them, the Air fmelling very much of Sulphur, and they apprehending themfelves in great danger of being burnt, by the Lightning. He touch'd at the Ifiand Cocos^ and put aftioar 200 Packs of Flour there, and loaded his Boat with Coco-Nuts, and took ip frefh Water. In the Evening we fepa- K 2 rated 1 3 i The IJle Plata. •j^JJ^ rated agiln from Capt. Eafov, -, for he ftood off to ^-^^f^ Sea, nd we plied up under the Hioar, making our bell Advantage both of Sea and Land-Wjnds. The Sea-Winds arc here at South, the Land- Winds at S. S. E. but fometimes when we came abreft of the Kiver we ihould have tlic Wind at S. E. The 20th Day of September we came to the IHand Plata^ and anchored in 1 6 Fathom. We had very good Weather from the Time that we fell in with Cape St. Francifio ; and were now fallen in again with the fame Places from whence I begin the ac- count of this Voyage in the firft Chapter, having now compaHed in the whole Continent of the Sowth- Afuerka. The Ifland Plata^ as fome report, was fo named by tlie Spaniards, after Sir Francis Drake took the Cacafoga, a Ship chiefly laden with Plate, which they lay he brought hither, and divided it here with his Men. It is about fourN^ile long, and a Mile and half broad, and of a good hcightn. It is bounded with high fteep Cliffs clear round, only at one Place on the Eaft-fide. The top of it is flat and even, the Soil iiindy and dry : the Trees it produceth are buc fmall-bodied, low, and grow rhin ; and there arc only three or four forts of Trees, all unknown to us. I obferved they were much over-grown with long Mofs. There is good Grafs, cfpecially in the be- ginning of the Year. There is no Water on this I* fland but at one place on the Eaft-fide, clofe by the Sea i there it drills flowly down from the Rocks, wheie it may be received into VeflTels. There was plenty of Goats, but they are now all defliroyed, There is no other fort of Land- Animal that I dide- ver fee : here are plenty of Boobies and Men of JVar Birds. The anchoring-Place is on the Eafl:-fide, near the middle of the Ifland, clofe by the flioar, within 2 Cables length of the fandy Bay : there is about iS jOr 2g Fathom good fait oazyGround, and fmooth Water? P§mt St. Hdlcna. i3f Water ; for the S.E. point of the Ifland ftielters from •^*' «»^84. theSouth-Winds which conftantly blow here. From ^"^'^^^^ the S.E. point there ftrikes out a fmali (hole a quar- ter of a Milfr into the Sea, where there is commonly a great nplmg or working offhort Waves during all the r .'')od. Tl\c Tide runs pretty ftrong, the Flood 'o the South, ;ind the Ebb to the North. There is good landing on the fandy Bay againll the Anr horing-PIace, from whence you may go up in- to the Ifland, and at no Place bcfides. There are 2 or 3 high, ftcep, fmall Rocks at the S. E. point, not a Cables length from the Ifland j and another much bigger at the N.E. end: it is deep Water all round, but at the anchoring-Place, and at the fhole at the S.E. point. This Ifland lieth in lat. o i d. 10 m. South. Tt is diftant from Caj)e St. Lorenzo 4 or 5 Leagues, bearing from it W.S.* W. and half a point welterly. At this Ifland are. plenty of thofe fmall Sea Turtle fpoken of in my laft Chapter. The lift Day Captain Eaton came to an Anchor by us : he was very willing to have conforted with us i'j.'.'m ; but Captain Davis's Men werefo unrea- fonab^e, that they would not allow Captain Eaton's Men an equal fliare with them in what they got : therefore Captain Eaton ftaid here but one Night, and the next Day failed from hence, fl:ecring away to the Southward. We fl:aid no longer than the Day enfuing, and then we failed towards Point St. Hellena^ intending there to land fome Men purpofe- ly to get Prifoners for Intelligence. Point Santa Hellena, bears South from the Iflanc^ Plata. It lies in lat. ? d. 15 m. South. The Poinn is pretty high, flat, and even at top, overgrown with many great Thift:les, but no fort of Tree j at a diftance it appears like an Ifland, becaufe the Land within it is very low, This Point ftrikes outWeft into the Sea, making a pretty large Bay on the North-fide, A mile within the K 3 Ppint 134 St. Hcllena Village. Algratanc' Ah. 1684; Point, on the fandy Bay, clofc by the Sea, there is a ^^'V^*^ noor finall Indian Village, called San5la Hellena % the Land about it is low, Tandy and barren, there are no Trees nor Grafs growing near it ; neither do the Indians produce any Fruit, Grain, or Plant, butWa- tcr-Melons only, which arc large and very fweet. There is no frefli Water at this Place, nor near it ; therefore the Inhabitants are obliged to fetch all their Water from the River Colanche, which is in the bottom of the Bay, about 4 Leagues from it. Not far from this Town on the Bay, clofe by the Sea, about 5 paces from high-water Mark, there is a fort of bituminous Matter boils out of a little hole in the Earth i it is like thin Tar : the Spaniards call it ^l- ^atrane. By much boiling it becomes hard like Pitch. Tt is frequently ufjd by the Spaniards inftcad of Pitch ', and the Indians that inhabit here fave it in Jars. It boils up moft at high Water ; and then the Indians zre ready to receive it. Thefe Indiairsart. Fifhcrmen, and go out to Sea on Bark-logs. Their chief Subfiftence is Maiz, moft of which they get from Ships that come hither from u4katrane. There is good anchoring to I.eeward of the Point, right a- gainft the Village: but on theWeft-fide of the Point it is deep Water, and no anchoring. The Spaniards do report, that th^re was once a very rich Ship dri- ven aihoar here in Calm, for want ©f Wind to work her. As foon as ever Die ftruck (he hcel'd oft to Sea, 7 or 8 Fathom Water, where (he lies to this Day; none having attempted to fifli for her,becaufe fhe lies deep, and there falls in here a great high Sea. When we were abreft of this Point, we lent away our Ca- noas in the Night to take the Indian Village. They landed in the Morning betimes clofc by the Town, and took fome Prifoners. They took likewife a fmali Bark which the Indians liad fet on fire, but our Men quenched it, and took the Indians ♦hat did it •, who MantaJ 135 who being alkcd wherefore he fct the Bark on fire, f'^"^4; faid, that there was an Order from the Vice-Roy ' '^ ' lately fct out, commanding all Seamen to burn their Vcflcls, if attacked by us, and betake them- felves to their Boats. There was another Bark in afmallCove, a Mile from the Village, thither our Men went, thinking to take her, but the Seamen that were aboard fet her in Flames and fled : In the Evening our Men came aboard, and brought the fmall Bark with them, the Fire of which they had quenched ; and then we returned again towards Plata i where we arrived the 26th Day of Sep- temher. In the Evening we fent out fome Men in our Bark lately taken, and Canoas, to an Indian Village called Manta, two or three Leagues to the Weft- ward of Cape St. Lorenzo •, hoping there to get o- ther Prifoners, for wc could not learn from thofe we took at Point St. Hellena^ the reafon why the Vice- Roy fhould give fuch Orders to burn the Ships. They had a frelh Sea-breeze till about 1 2 a Clock ac Night, and then it proved calm •, wherefore they rowed away with their Canoas as near to the Town as they thought convenient, and lay ftill till Day. Manta is a fmall /Wi<2/2 Village on the Main, di- ftant from the Ifland Plata 7 or 8 Leagues. It ftands fo advantageoufly to be feen, being built on a fmall Afcent, that it makes a very fair profpeft to the Sea *, yet but a few poor fcattering Indian Houfes. There is a very fine Church, adorned with a great deal of carved Work. It was formerly a Habitation for 5/>«- niards, but they are all removed from hence now. The Land about it is dry and fandy, bearing only a few Ihrubby Trees. Thefe Indians plant no man- ner of Grain or Root, but are fupplied from other places i and commonly keep a flock of Provifion to. relieve Ships that want *, for this is the firfl Settle- ment that Ships can touch at, which come from Pa- K 4 nama 1 5 5 Monte- Chrifto.' ^An- i694.ttama, bound to Lima, or any c<-hcr Port in Peru, ^^VV> The Land being dry and fandy, is not fit to pro- duce Crops of Maiz •, which is the reafon they plant none. There is a Spring of good Water be- tween the Village and the Seas. On the back of the Town, a pretty way up in the Country, there is a very high Mountain, towr- ing up like a Sugar-loaf, called Monte Chrifto. It is a very good Sea-mark, for there is none like it on all the Coaft. The Body of this Mountain bears due South from Mania. About a Mile and half from the Ihore, right againft theVillage, there is a Rock, which is very dangerous, becaufe it never appears above Water 5 neither doth the Sea break on it, be- caufe there is feldom any great Sea ; yet it is now fo well known, that all Ships bound to this place do eafily avoid it. A Mile within this Rock there is good Anchoring in 6, 8, or 10 fathom Water, good hard Sand, and clear Ground : And a Mile from the Koad on the Weft-fide, there is a fhoal running out a Mile into the Sea. From Manta to Cape St. Lo- renzo the Land is plain and even, of an indifferent heighth. [See a farther Account of thefc Coafts in the Appendix.] As foon as ever the day appearM our Men landed, and marched towards the Village, which was about a Mile and a half from their Landing-place : Some of the Indians who were ftirring, faw them coming, and alarmed their Neighbours ; fo that all that were able got away. They took only two old Women, who both faid, that it was reported that a great ma- ny Enemies were come over Land thro* the Coun- try of Darien into the South-Seas, and that they were at prcfent in Canoas and Periagoes : and that the Vice-Roy upon this News had fct out the fore-men- tioned order for burning their own Ships. Our Men found no fort of Provifion here *, the Vice-Roy having likewife fent orders to all Sea-ports to I keep Captain Sx^dn. 137 keep no Provifion, but to juft fiipply themfelves. Irfw. 1684. Thefe Women alfo faid, that the Manta Indians were fent over to the Ifland Plata^ to deftroy alJ the Goats there ; which they performed about a Month agone. With this News our Men returned again, and arrived at Plata the next Day. We lay ftill at the Ifland P/4/<», being not refotved what to do i till the 2d Day of Ohob. and then Capt, Swan in the Cygnet of London arrived there. He was fitted out by very eminent Merchants of that City, on a Defign only to Trade with the Spaniards or Irt" dians, having a very confiderable Cargo well forted for thefe parts of the World •, but meeting with di- vers Difappointments, and being out of hopes to ob- tain a Trade in thefe Seas, his Men forced him to en*- tertain a Company of Privateers which he met with near Nicoya, a Town whither he was going to feek a Trade, and thefe Privateers were bound thither in Boats to get a Ship. Thefe were the Men that we had heard of at Manta ; they came over Land under the Command of Capt. Peter Harris^ Nephew to that Capt. Harris who was killed before Panama, Capt. ^w^« wasflill Commander of his own Ship,and Capt, //^rm commanded afmall Bark under Capt. Swam There was much Joy on all fides when they arriv'dj and immediately hereupon Capt. Davis and Capt. 5w^« confor ted, wifhing for Capt. EatonagAin. Our little Bark, which was taken at Santa Hellena^ was immediately fent out to cruize, while the Ships were fitting ; for Capt. Swan's Ship being full of Goods,wasnot fit to entertain his new GuefV, till the Goods were difpofed of ; therefore he by the Confenc of the Super-cargo's, got up all his Goods on Deck, and fold to any one that would buy upon Truft : the reft was thrown over-board into the Sea, except fine Goods, as Silks, Muflins, Stockings, (^c. and except the Iron, whereof he had a good Quantity, both wrought and in Bars : This was faveS for Ballaft. The I3S Cdpe Blanco? 'jn. 16(84: The third Day after our Bark was fent to cruize, ' "^'^^ (he brought in a Prize of 400 Tuns, laden -ivith Timber : They took her in the Bay of Guiaquil; fhe came from a Town of that Name, and was bound to Lima, The Commander of this Prize fai«l that it was generally reported and believed at Guiaquil, that the Vice-Roy was fitting out 10 Sail of Frigots to drive us out of thefe Seas. This News made our unfettled Crew wifli, that they had been perfuaded to accept of Capt. Eaton's Compa- ny on reafonable Terms. Capt. Davis and Capt. Swan had fome difcourfe concerning Capt. Eaton ; they at laft concluded to fend our fmall Bark to- wards the Coaft of Lima, as far as the Ifland Lo- hoSy to feek Capt. Eaton, This being approved by all Hands, Ihe was clean'd the next Day, and fent away, mann*d with twenty Men, ten of Capt. Da- vm's, and ten of 5zc;^«*sMen, and Capt. Swanmk a Letter direded to Capt. Eaton, defiring his Com- pany, and the Ifle of Plata was appointed for the general Rendezvous. When this Bark was gone, weturn'd another Bark, which we had, into a Fire- fliip i having fix or feven Carpenters, who foon fixt her } and while the Carpenters were at work a- bout the Firelhip, we fcrubbed and clean*dour Men of War, as well as Time and Place would permit. The 19th Day of 05iohcr we finiflied our Bufi- nefs, and the 20th Day we failed towards the Ifland Lobos, where our Bark was ordered to ftay for us, or meet us again at Plata. We had but little Wind, therefore it was the 23d Day before we pafled by Point St. Hellena. The 25th Day wecrofled over the Bay of Guiaquil. The 30th Day we doubled Cape Blanco, This Cape is in Lat. 3 d. 45 m. It is counted the worfl: Cape in all the South-Seas to dou- ble, pafling to the Southward i for in all other pla- ces Ships may (land off toSea 20 or 30 Leagues off, if they find they cannot get any thing under the Shear i Payta. The Buildings in V Tke Soil and Buildings of Vtml '^•^1684. jdly, is the want of Materials to build withal ; for however it be more within Land, yet here is neither Stone nor Timber to build -with, nor any Mate- rials but fuch Brick as I have defcribed ; and evn the Stone which they have in fome places is fo brit- tle, that you may rub it into Sand with your Fingers. Another reafon why they build fo meanly is, be- caufe it never Rains ; therefore they only endeavour to fence themfelves from the Sun. Yet their Wallsj which are built but with an ordinary fort of Brick, in comparifon with what is made in other parts of the World, continue a long time as firm as when firft made, having never any Winds nor Rains, to rot, moulder, or Ihake them. However, the richer Sort have Timber, which they make ufe of in build- ing •, but it is brought from other places. This dry Country commences to the Northward, from about Cape Blancoto Coquimbo^ in about 30 d. S. having no Rain that I could ever obferve or hear of; nor any green thing growing in the Mountains : nei- ther yet in the Valleys, except where here and there water'd with a few fmall Rive -s difpers*d iip and down. So that the Northermoft Parts ofthisTra'^ of Land are fupplied with 1 imber from Guiaquil^ Calleo, TornatOj and other places that are watered with Rains ; where there are plenty of all forts of Timber. In the South Parts, as about Guafco and Coquimboy they fetch their Timber from the Ifland Chiloe, or other places thereabouts. The Walls of Churches and rich Mens Houfes are whitened with Lime, both within and without ; and the Doors and Polts are very large, and adorned with carved Work, and the Beams alfo in the Churches : The Infide of the Houfes are hung round with rich embroidered, or painted Cloths. They have likewife abundance of fine Piftures, which adds no fmall Ornament to their Houfes : thele, I fuppofc, they have {tomOU Spain, But the Houfes of Papa are none of them fo v-^V^' Payta. Colan. BarkLogsl i^i fo richly furniflied. The Churches were large and An. 1684^ fairly carved : At one end of the Town there was a ^ fniall Fort clofe by the Sea, but no great Guns in it. This Fort, only with Mufquets, will command all the Bay, fo as to hinder any Boats from landing. There is another Fort on the Top of the Hill, juft over the Town, which commands both it and the lower Fort. There is neither Wood nor Water to be had there : they fetch their Water from an Indian Town called Colan^ about two Leagues N. N, E, from Payta: for at Colan there is a fmall River of freih Water, which runs out into liie Sea ; from whence Ships that touch at Payta are fuppiied with Water and other Refrefliments, as Fowls, Hogs, Plantains, Yams, and Maiz : Payta bemg deftitute of all thefe things, only as they fetch them from Colan, as they have occafion. The Indians of Colan arc all Fifliermen : they go out to Sea and fifh for Bark-logs. Bark-logs are made of many round Logs of Wood, in manner of a. Paft, and very diffe'cnt according to the Ufc that rhey are defigned for, or the Humour of the People that make them, or the matter that they are made of. If they are made for fifhing, then they are only 3 or 4 Logs of light Wood, of 7 or 8 Foot long, plac*d by the fide of each other, pinn'd faft together with wooden Pins, and bound hard with Withes, The Logs are fo placed, that the middlemoft are longer than tliofe by the Sides, efpecially at th^ Head or Fore-part, which grows narrower gradually iiiio an Angle or Point, the better to cut thro' the Water. Others are made to carry Goods : the Bot- tom of thefe is made of 20 or 30 great Trees of a- bout 20, 30 or 40 Foot long, faften'd like the other, fide to fide, and fo fhaped : on the Top of thefe they place another Ihorter Row of Trees acrofs them, pirin*dfaft to each other, and then pinn*d to the un- idermofi; Row » Um^ dpuble Row of flanks makes the Bottom 14* Park-logs defcrihed. ^4». 1684. bottom'of the Float, and of a confiderable breadth. ^'^'V^ From this bottom the Raft israifed to about 10 foot higher, with rows of Polls ibmetimes fet upright, and fupporting a floor or two : but thofe I obferved were rais'd by thick Trees laid a-crofs each other, as in Wood- Piles ; only not clofe together, as in the bottom of the Float, bbt at the ends and fides only, f as to leave the middle all hollow like a Chamber ; except that here and there a Beam goes acrofs it, to keep the Float more compadl. In this hollow, at about 4 foot heighth from the beams at the bottom, they lay fmall poles along, and clofe together, to make a floor for another Room, on the top of which alfo they lay another fuch floor made of Poles ; and the entrances into both thefeRooms is only by creep- ing between the great traverfe Trees which make the Walls of this Sea-Houfe. The loweft of thefe ftories fcrves as a Cellar : there they lay great ftones forBallaft, and their Jars of frefh Water clofed up; and whatever may bear being wet ; for by the weight of the Ballaft and Cargo, the bottom of this Room, and of the whole Veflel, is funk fodeep, as to lie 2 or 3 feet within the Surface of the Water. The fecond ftory is for the Seamen, and their Ne- cefl^aries. Above this fecond ftory the Goods are flowed, to what heighth they pleafe, ufually about 8 or I o feet, and kept together by Poles fet upright quite round : only theie is a little fpace abaft for the Steers-men, (for they have a large Rudder j and afore for the Fire-hearth, to drefs theirViduals, efpe- cially when they make long Voyages, as from Lima to Truxillo, or Guiaquil, or Panama, which laft Voy- age is 5 or 600 Leagues. In the midft of all, among the Goods rifes aMaft, to which isfaften'd a large Sail, as in our Weft-Country Barges in the Thames. They always go before the Wind, being unable to Ply againft it 5 and therefore are fit only for thefe Seas, where the Wind is always in a manner the I fame, Single Bark fogs, Piura. t4l fame, not varying above a point or two all the way ^»' «^V from Lima^ till fuch time as they come into the Bay V-OT^ o{ Panama : and even there they meet with no great Sea i but fometimes Northerly Winds j and then they lower their Sails, and drive before it, waiting a change. All their Care then is only to keep otF from Shoar } for they are fo made that they cannot fink at Sea. Thefe Rafts carry 60 or 70 Tuns of Goods and upwards *, their Cargo is chiefly Wine, Oil, Flour, Sugar, i^/7o-Cloth, Soap, Goat-lkins dreft, ^c. The Float is manag'd ufually by 3 or 4 Men, who being unable to return with it againft the Trade-wind, when they come to Panama difpofe of the Goods and Bottom together ; getting a Paf- iage back again for themfelves in fome Ship or Boat bound to the Port they came from •, and there they make a new Bark-log for their next Cargo, The fmaller fort of Bark- logs, defcribed before, which lie flat on the Water, and are ufed for Fifh- ing, or carrying Water to Ships, or the like (half a Tun or a Tun at a timej are more governable than the other, tho' they have Mafts and Sails too. With thefe they go out at Night by the help of the Land- wind (which is feldom wanting on this Coaft) and return back in the Day Time with the Sea-wind. This fort of Floats are ufed in many Places both ir the Eaji and Wejl- Indies. On the Coaft Coroman- del in the Eaft- Indies they call them Catamarians, [Thefe are but one Log, or two fometimes of a fort of light Wood, and are made without Sail or Rud- der, and fo fmall, that they carry but one Man, whofe Legs and Breech arc always in the Water, and he manages his Log with a Paddle, appearing at a [diftaftce like a Man fiting on a Filh's Back. The Country about P^3i/a is mountainous and bar- Iren, like all the reft of the Kingdom of Peru. There lis no Towns of Confequence nearer it than Piura^ [which is a large Town in the Country 40 Miles di- ftair. 144 Piura. Payta. 4n i6»4- ftant. It lieth, by report of our Spanijh Prifoners* ^y^>r^ in a Valley, which is water'd with a fmall Riveri that dilembogues it felf into the Bay of Cbirapee^ in about 7 d. of North latitude. This Ray is nearer to Piura than Payta -, yet all Goods imported by Sea for Piura are landed at Papa^ for the Bay of Chiro- tee is ^ull of dangerous fboles, and therefo' ? not ;*.i:qij; .*d ty Shiprnng. '^'^heRoad o^ Payta is one >c; ? -ic ^^''(l on the Coaft of Peru. It is fheltercd from th Sourh Weft by a point of Land, which makes a large Bay d fmooth Water for Ships to ride 'n. There is room enough for a good Fleet of Ships, and good anchoring in any depth, from 6 Fathom Water to 20 Fathom. Right againft the Town, the nearer the Town, the ftiallower the Water, and the fmoother tlie riding, it is clean Sand all over the Bay. Moft Ships paffing either to the North or the South touch at this Place for Water, for tho* here is none at the Town, yet thofe Indian Fifliermen of Colan will, and do fupply all Ships very reafonably ; and good Water is much prized on all this Coaft through the Scarcity of it. November the gd, at 6 a Clock in the Morning, our Mer landed about 4 Miles to the South of the Town, and took Ibme Prifoncrs that were fent thi- ther to watch for fear of us ; and thefe Prifoner? faid, that the Governour of Piura came with loo armed Men to Payta the Night before, purpofely to oppofe our landing there, if we ftiould attempt it. Our Men marched diredtly to the Fort on the Hill, and took it without the lofs of oneMan» Here- upon the Governour of Piura with all his Men, and the Inhabitants of the Town ran away as faft as they could. Then our Men entered the Town, and foi nd it emptied both of Money and Goods ; there was not fo much as a Meal of Viduals left for them. The Prifoncrs told us a Ship had been here a fip- tie before and burnt a ^reat Ship ip the Road, buc did TJiZr d/' Lobos dc Terra. 145 did not land their Men i and that here they put a- -^». ^^Uf ihore all their Prifoners and Pilots. We knew this -'^VVrf muft be Captain Eaton's Ship, which had done this, and by thefe Circumftances we <"uppofed he was gone to the Eiij}-1 tidies, it being always defigncd by him. The Prifoners told us allb. That fince Capt. Ea^on was here, a fnr^ll Bark had been off the Harbour, and lakcn a pair of Bark-logs a Fifhing, and made the Fifhermen bring aboard 20 or 30 Jars of frefh Water. This we fupuofed was our Bark that was fcnt to the Lobos to feelc Capt. Eato?i. In the Evening we Cime in with our Ships, and Anchored before the Town in 10 Fathom Water, near a Mile from the fliore. Here we (laid till tht fixth Day, in hopes to get a Ranfom from the Tow> . Our Captains demanded 300 Packs of Flour, 30UO pound of Sugar, 25 Jars of Wine, and 1000 Jars of Watt " to be brought off to us •, but we gotnoth ^j; of it. Therefore Captain Swan ordered the Town to be fired, which was prefendy done. Then all our Men came aboard, and Captain Swan ordered the Bark which Capt. Harris commanded, to be burnt, becaufe (he did not fail well. At Night, when the Land-Wind came off, we failed from hence towards Lobos. The loth Day in the Evening we faw a Sail bearing N. W. by N. as far as we could well difcern her on our Deck. We im- mediately chafed, feparating our felves, the better to meet her in the Night ; but we mid her. There- fore the next Morning we again trimm*d fharp, and made the bf'ft of our way to Lobos ue la Mar. The 14th Day we had fight of thelfland Lohos ds T^erra : It bore Eaft from us v we ftood in towards it, and betwixt 7 and 8 a Clock in the Nighc came to an Anchor at the N. E. end of the Ifland, in 4 Fathom Water. This iHand at Sea is of an indifferent height, and appears like Lobos de la Mar. About a quarter ' of a Mile ^om the North-end there is a great hollow Vol. I» L Rock. /] / / 14^6 Lobos de la Mar, again. An. 1684. Rock, and a good Channel between, where there is ^*^'^>^^^ 7 Fathom Water. The 15th Day we went afhore, and found abundancejof Penguins and Boobies, and Seal in great quantities. We Tent aboard of all thefe to be dreft, for we had not tafted any Flcfh in a great while before *, therefore fome of i?s did eat very heartily. Captain Swan., to encourage his Men to eat this coarfe Flelh, would commend it tor extra- ordinary Food, comparing the Seal to a roafted Pig, the Boobies to Hens, and -the Penguins to Ducks : this he did to train them to live contented- ly on coarfe Meat, not knowing but we miffht be forced to make ufe of fuch Food before we depart- ed out of thefe Seas •, for it is generally feen among Privateers, that nothing emboldens them fooner tp Mutiny than want, which we could not well fufifer in a Place where there are fuch quantities of thefe Animals to be had, if Men could be perfwaded to be content with them. In the Afternoon we failed from Lohos dt 'Terra ; with the Wind at S. by E. and arrived at Lobos ie la Mar on the 1 9th Day. Here we found a Letter, left by our Bark that was fent to feek Cape Eaton^ by which we underftood, that Capt. Eaton had been there, but was gone before they arrived, and had left no Letter to advife us which way he was gone \ and that our Bark was again returned to Plata, in hopes to find us there, or meet us by the way, elfe relolving to (lay for us there. We were forry to hear that Capt. Eaton was gone, for now we did not cjt- peft to meet with him any more in thefe Seas. The 2 ift Day we fent out our Moskito Strikers for Turtle, who brought aboard enough to ferve both Ships Companies *, and this they did all the time that we abode here. While we lay at this Ifland, Captain Swan made new Yards, fquarer than thofc he had before, and made his Sails larger, and our Ship's Company in the mean time fplic Flank for I • Fire- Bay of Guiaquil. Ifle of St. Clara. 147 Fire-wood, and put aboard as many Planks as we An 1684. could conveniently ftow, for other ufcs : Here be* ^^'V^ ing Plank enough of all forts, which we had brought hither in the firft Prize that we took, and left here. The 26th Day in the Evening, we faw a fmall Bark about 3 Leagues N.N.W. from the Ifland, but wc fuppofing her to be our own Bark, did not go after her. The next Morning fhe was two Leagues South of the Ifland, (landing oflT to Sea ; but we did not now chace her neither, altho* we knew fhe was not our Bark j for being to Windward of us, flic could have made her efcape, if we had chafed her. This Bark, as we were afterwards informed, was fent our purpofely to fee if we were at this Ifland. Her Orders were, not to come too near, only to ap- pear in fight i they fuppofing that if we were here we ftiould foon be after her •, as indeed it was a wonder wc had not chafed her : But our not doing fo, and lying clofe under the Ifland undifcern'd by them, was a great Occafion of our coming upon Vuna afterwards unexpedledly, :hey being now with- out fear of any Enemy fo near them. The 28th Day we fcrubbed our Ship's bottom, in- tending to fail the next Day towards Guiaquil ; it be- ing concluded upon to attempt that Town before we returned again to Plata. Accordingly, on the 29th Day in the Morning, we lobfed from hence, fteering diredlly for the Bay of Guiaquil. This Bay runs in between Cape Blanco on the South-fide, and Point C handy on the North. About 25 Leagues from C. Blanco, near the bottom of the Bay, there is a fmall Ifland called Santa Clara, which lies Eaft and Weft : It is of an indifferent length, and it appears like a dead Man ftretched out in a Shroud. The Eaft-end reprefents the Head, and the Weft-end the Feet. Ships that are bound into the River of Guia- pit pafs on the South-fide, to avoid the (holes which lie on the North-fule of it ♦, whereon formerly Ships L 2 have. I4« A rich Wreck, Cat-fidi. -'»j^4' have been loft. It is reported by the Spaniards^ tha' ^ " there is a very rich Wreck lies on the North-fide o* that Idand, not far from it *, and that fome of the Plate hath been taken up by one who came from Old-Spain^ with a Patent from the King to fifli in thofe Seas for Wrecks •, but he dying, the Projcft ceafed, and the Wreck ftill remains as he left it ; only the Indians by ftealth do fometimes take up fome of it ; and they might have taken up much more, if it were not for the Zat-fjh which fwarms hereabouts. The Cai-Jijh is much like if^biting^ but the Head is flatter and bigger. It hath a great wide Mouth, and certain fmall Strings pointing out from each fide of it, like Cat's Whiskers *, and for that reafon it is called a Cat-fiflj, It hath three Fins *, one growing on the top of his back, and one one either fide. Each of thefe Fins hath a ftiff (harp Bone, which is very venomous if it ftrikes into a Man's Flefh •, therefore it is dangerous diving where many of thefe Fifh are. The Indians that adventured to fearch this Wreck, have to their Sorrow experienced it ; ibme havmg loft their Lives, others the ufe of their Limbs by it: this wc were informed of by an Indian, who himfclf had been fifhing on it by ftealth. I my felf have known fonle white Men that have loft the ufe of their Hands, only by a fmall prick with the Fin of thefe Fi(h : Therefore when we catch them with a Hook, we tread on them to take the Hook out of their Mouths, or otherwife, in flurting about fas all Fifh will when firft taken) they might acciden- tally ftrike their fharp Fins into the Hands of thofe that caught them. Some of the Fifh are feven or eight pound weight : fome again, in fome particular Places, are none of them biggerthan aMan'sThumb, but their Fins are all alike venomous. They ufe to be at the Mouths of Rivers, or where there is much Mud and Oaze, and they are found all over the American Coaft, both in the North and Souib-Sea, at leaft Puntt Arena. Puna. 149 Jeaft in the hot Countries, as alfo in the Eaft -Indies : Ab»i69^ where failing with Captain Mtncb'm among certain Iflands near the Streigbti of Malacca^ he pointed to an Ifland, at which he told me he loft the ufe of his Hand by one of thefe, only in going to take the Hook out of its Mouth. The Wound was fcarce vi- fible, yet his Hand was much fwoln, and the Pain laltcd about 9 Weeks ; daring moft part of which the raging Heat of it was almoft ready to diftradt him. However, though the bony Fins of thefe Fifli are fo venomous, yet the Bones in their Bodies arc not fo ; at leaft we never perceived any fuch efiedt in eating the Fifti ; and their Flclh is very fweet, delicious and wholefome Meat. From the Ifland Santa Clara to Punta Arena is 7 Leagues E. N. E. This Punta Arena^ or Sandy^Point^ is the Weftermoft Point of the Ifland Puna. Here all Ships bound into the River of GuiaquU anchor, and muft wait for a Pilot, the entrance being very dangerous for Strangers. The Ifland Puna is a pretty large flat low Ifland, ftretchine Eait and Weft about 12 or 14 Leagues long, and about four or five Leagues wide. The Tide runs very ftrong all about this Ifland, but fo many difl^erent ways, by reafon of the Branches, Creeks, and Rivers that run into the Sea near it, that it cafts up many dangerous flioles on all fides of it. There is in the Ifland only one Indian Town on the South-fide of it, clofe by the Sea, and feven Leagues from Point Arena, which Town is alfo called Puna, The Indians of this Town are all Seamen, and are the only Pilots in thefe Seas, efpecially for this River. Their chiefeft Employment, when they arc not at Sea, is fifliing. Thefe Men are obliged by the Spa- niardi to keep good watch for Ships that anchor at ^oiiit Arena-, which, as I faid before, is 7 Leagues from the Town Puna. The place where they keep this watch is at a Point of Land on the Ifland Puna-^ L 3 that 150 Palmcto-TVff." 'f!iJ2i ^** ^^^'* ^^^ ^"^^ ^^^ ^^* * ^^°"^ whence they can "^^ fee all Ships that anchor at Point Jrena. The Iftdi- ans come thither in the Morning, and return at Night on Horfeback. From this watching Point to Point yirena it is 4 Leagues, all drowned Mangrove-lancL: and m the midway between thefe two Points is ano- ther fmall Point, where thefe Indians are obliged to keep another Watch, when they fear an Enemy. The Centinel goes thither in a Canoa in the Morn- ing, and returns at Night •, for there is no coming thither by Land, through that Mangrove marlhy Ground. The middle of the Ifland Puna is Savannah or Pafture. There are fome ridges of good Wood- land, which is of a light yellow or fandy Mould, producing large tall Trees, moft unknown even to Travellers ; But there are plenty of Palmeio-TrKSi which, becaufe 1 am acquainted with, I fhall de< fcribe. The Palmeto-Tvtt is about the bignefs of an ordinary Afh : It is about 30 Foot high i the Body flraight, without any limb, or branch, or leaf, ex- cept at the head only, where it fpreads forth into many fmall Branches, not half fo big as a Man's Arm, fome no bigger than ones Finger : Thefe Branches are about three or four Foot Jong, clear from any knot : At the end of the Branch cheir grdweth one broad leaf, about the bignefs of a large Fan. This, when it firft ihoots forth, grows in folds, like a Fan when it is clofed \ and ftill as it grows bigger fo it opens, till it becomes like a Fan fpread abroad. It is flrengthencd towards the ftalk with many fmall ribs fpringing from thence, and growing into the leaf i which as they grow near the end of the leaf, grow thinner and fmaller. The leaves that make the brufh-part of the Fiag-brooms which are brought in- to England, grow juft in this manner ; and are in- deed a fmall kind of Palmeiu •, for there are of them of fcveral Dimenfions.. In Bermudas, and elfewhere, they make Hats, Bafkets, Brooms, Fans to blow J the HoupfsofV\ix\i, Guiaquil i?/Vfr.' 151 l!hc Fire inftead of Bellows, with many other Houfc- ^»- *<534« implements, of Palmeto-kdives. On the Ridges where ^'^^VN^ thefe Trees grow, the Indians have here and there Plantations of Maiz, Yams, and Potatoep. There are in the Town of Puna about 20 Houfes, and a fmall Church. The Houfes (land all on Polls, 10 or 12 foot high, with Ladders on the outfide to go up into them. I did never fee the like Building any where but among the Malayans in theEaJt-Indies, They are thatched with P^/w^/o-leaves, and there Chambers well boarded, in which iaft they exceed the Malayans. The bell place for Ships to lie at an Anchor is againft the middle of the Town. There is five Fathom Water within a Cables length of the fhoar, and good foft deep Oaze where Ships may careen, or hale afliore; it ftows 15 or 1 6 Foot Wa- ter up and down. From Puna to Guiaquil is reckoned 7Lf agues. It is 1 League before you come to the River of Guiaquil*s Mouth, where it is about two Mile wide ; from thence upwards the River lies pretty ftraight, with- out any confiderable turnings. Both fides of the Ri- ver are low fwampy Land, overgrown with Red Mangroves, fo that there is no landing. Four Mile before you come to the Town of Guiaquil, there's a low Ifland (landing in the River. This Illand di- vides th? River into two Parts, making two very fair Channels for Ships to pafs up and down. The S. W. Channel is the wideft, the other is as deep, bu^ narrower and narrower yet, by reafon of manyTrees and Bulhes, which fpread over the River, both from the Main and from the IQand ; and there are alfo feveraj great dumps of Trees (landing upright in the Water, on either fide. The Ifland is above 9 Mile long. From the upper part of the Ifland to the Town of Guiaquily is almoll a League, and near as much from one fide of the River to 'the other. In that rpack>u$ place Ships of thegreatefl Burthen may L 4 ride / 151 Guiaq^ T. Cacao. Sarfaparilla, QvkO'Cioth, :r^ tains dcfired the Indian Pilot to direft us to fonie Creek where we might abfcond all Day, which was immediately done, and one Canoa was Tent toward Puna to our Bark, to order them not to move nor 6re till the next Day. But fhe came too late to countermand, the firft Orders ; for the two Barks before-mentioned laden with Negroes, come from the Town the laft quarter of the Evening Tide, and lay in the River, clofe by the fhoar on one fide, and we rowed upon the other fide and mift them i nei- ther did they fee nor hear us. As foon as the Flood was fpent, the two Barks weighed and went down with the Ebb, towards Puna, Our Bark feeing them coming dirt^tly towards them, and both full of Men, fuppofed that we by fome Accident had been deflroyed, and that the two Barks were mann'd with Spanijh Soldiers, and fent to take our Ships, and therefore they fired three Guns at them a League before they came near. The two Spanijh Barks im- mediately came to an Anchor, and the Mafters got into their Boats, and rowed for the Ihoar •, but our Canoa that was fent from us took them both. The firing of thefe three Guns made a great diforder a- mong our advanced Men, for mofl of them did be- lieve they were heard at Guiaquil, and that therefore it could t-e no Profit to lie ftill iri the Creeks but either row av/uy to the Town, or back again to our Ships. It was now quarter Ebb, therefore we could not move upwards, if we had been difpofed fo f" do. At length Capt. Davis faid, he would immec - ately land in the Creek where they lay, and march diredly to the Town, if but forty Men would ac- company him : And without faying more Words, he landed sunonQ the Mangroves in the Marihes. Thofe that were fo minded followed him, to the Number of forty or fifty. Capt. Swan Uy ftill with the 156 Guiaquii attempted, '•^w. 1684. the reft of the Party in the Creek, for they thought ^-^^^^^^ it impoffiWe to do any good that way. Capt. Z)vholIy unacquainted with thofe Rivers which were not frequented by the Spaniards, There are many fuch unfrequented Rivers between Plata and Panania ; Indeed all the way from the Line to the Gulph of St. Michaels, or even to Panama ic felf, the Coaft is not inhabited by any Spaniards, nor are the Indians that inhabit there any way under ', their Subjeftion : except only near the Ifle Galhy ^ Where on the- Banks of a Gold River or two, there are fome Spaniards who work th3re to find Gold. Now our Pilots being at a lofs on thefe lefs fre- quented Coafts, we fupplied that defe€t out of the S^tf;ny^ Pilot-books, which we took in their Ships ; Thefe we found by Experience to be very good Guides. Yet neverthelefs the Country in many Pla- ces by the Sea being low, and full of Openings, Creeks and Rivers, it is fomewhat difficult to find any particular River that a Man defigns to go to, Ivhere he is not well acquainted. This however could be no difcouragement to us ; for one River might probably be as well furniihed with Indian Canoas as another ; and if we foiind them, it was to us indifferent where, yet we pitch'd on the River St. Jago^ not becaufe there were not other Rivers as large, and as likely to be inhabited with Indians as it *, but becaufe that River was not iir from Gallo, an Ifland where our Ships could an- M 2 chor. 164 River of St. Jago^ ^^^•chor fafcly and ride fecurely. "We paft by Cape St» Francifco^ meeting with great and continued Rains. The Land by the Sea to the North of the Cape, is low and extraordinary woody ; the Trees are very thick, and feem to, be of a prodigious heighth and bignefs. From Cape St. Prancifco the Land runs more Eafterly into the Bay of Panama, I take this Cape to be its Bounds on the South-fide, and the Ides of Cobaya or ^ubo to bound it on the North- iide. Between this Cape and the Ifle GaUo there are many iarge and navigable Rivers. We paft by them sAl till we came to the River St. J ago. This River is near 2 d. North of the Equator. It is large and navigable fome Leagues up, and feven Leagues from the Sea it divides itfelf into two parts, making an IHand that is four Leagues wide againft the Sea. The wideft Branch is that on the S. W. fide of the Ifland. Both Branches are very deep, but the Mouth of the narrower is fo choakt with (holes that at low Water even Canoas can't enter. Above th« Ifland it is a League wide, and the Stream runs pret- ty ilraight, and very fwift. The Tide flows about three Leagues up the River, but to what height I know not. Probably the River hath its original from fome of the rich Mountains n^ar the Ciy ^ihOf and it runs through a Country as rich in Soil, as perhaps any in the World, efpecially when it draws within 10 or 12 Leagues of the Sea. The Land there both on the Ifland, and on both (ides of the River, is of a black deep Mold, producing extra- ordinary great tall Trees of nauy forts, fuch as u- fuaMy grow in thefe hot Climates. I (hall only give an account of the Cot Ion and Cabbage-tree^ ^ whereof there is great Plenty ; and they are as large of their kinds as ever I faw. There are two forts of Cotton-trees^ one is called the Red, the other the White Cotton-tree, The Whk^Ca«(/2> Knight, cali'd Don Diego de Pinas. This Knight came in a Ship from Lima to lade Timber. The Ship was riding in a Creek about a Mile off, and there were only one Spaniard and 8 Indians aboard. We went in a Ca« noa with 7 Meni and took her ; flie had no Goods, but 12 or 1 3 Jars of good Wine, which we took out, and the next Day let the Ship go. Here an In- dian Canoa came aboard with three Men in her. Thefe Men could not fpeak Spanijh, neither could they diftinguifh us from Spaniards 3 the wild Indiam ufually thinking all white Men to he Spaniards. We gave them 3 or 4 Callabafhes of Wine, which they freely drank. They were ftreight-bodied, and well- limb'd Men, of a mean heighth •, their Hair black, long-vifag'd, fmall Nofes and Eyes •, and were thin- fac'd, ill-look'd Men, of a very dark Copper-colour. A little before Night Captain Swan and all of us re- turned to Tomaco, and left the Veflel to the Seamen.] The 31ft Day two of our Canoas, who had been| i6fi5: 'A Tdcquet taken. lyt up the River'of ^omaco^ returned back again to the Am. i6g^ Village. They had rowed fcvcn or eight Leagues ^^'^^ up, and found but one Spanijh Houfe, which they were told did belong to a Lady who lived at Lima \ flic had Servants here that traded with the Indians for Gold i but they feeing our Men coming, ran a-, way : Yet our Men found there feveral Ounces of Gold in Callabafhes. The firft Day oi January 1685, we went from 7o- maco towards Gallo, We carried the Knight with us and two fmall Canoas which we took there, and while we were rowing over, one of our Canoa* took a Pacquet'Boat that was fent from Panama to Uma, The Spaniards threw the Pacquet of Letters overboard with a Line and a Buoy to it, but our Men feeing it took it up, and brought the Letters, and all the Frifoners. aboard our Ships, tliat were then at an Anchor at Gallo, Here we ilaid till the 6tlv Day, reading the Letters, by which we underftood that xht Armada from Old Spain was come to Porta- hi : And that die Prefidcnt of Panama had fent this Pacquet on purpofc to haftcn the Platc-Flcct thither from Lima, -j.^-, ,• , ., We were vfery joyful of. this News, and therefore. I fent away the Pacquet-Boat with all her Letters v and we altered ouip former Refolutions ot going to Lj- k?/k We now concluded to careen our Ships as fpeedily as we could, that we might be ready to intercept this Fket. The propereft Place that we, could think on for doing it was among the King's mands or Pearl-Keys^ becaufe they are nc'irPanama,^ and all Ships bound to Panama fropn the Coaft of, iLima pafs by them ; fo that being there we could |notpofHbly mifs the Fleet. According to thefe Rcfo-. " tions we failed the next Morning, in order to exe-: cute what we defigned. We were two Ships and three. IBarks in Company, viz. Captain Davis, Captaia ^Mn, a Fire-fliip, and two fmall Barks, asT«nders •, one. 't7a Gorgonla.' :^. 1 68;. one on dot, Davis his Ship, the other 'on Capt. "^"V^f Swan*s, we wcigh'd before Day, and got out all but Capt. Swan's Tender, which never budged j for the Men were all afleep when we went out, and the Tide of Flood coming on before they waked, \ve were forced to ftay for them till the next Day. The 8th Day in the Morning we defcried a Sail to the Weft of us ; the Wind was at South, and we chafed her, and before Noon took her. She was a Ship of about 90 Tun laden with Flour i fhc came from Truxillo, and was bound to Panama, This Ship came very opportunely to us, for Flour bc« gan to grow fcarce, and Captain Davis his Men frudgM at what was given to Capt. Swan ; who, as faid before, had none but what he had from Capt. Davis, We jogged on after this with a gentle Gale to- wards Gorgonia, an IQand lying 'about 25 Leagues from the IHand Galh. The 9th Day we anchored at Gorgonia^ on the Weft-fide of the Ifland, in 38 Fa- thom clean Ground, not two Cables length from the fhoar. Gorgonia is an uninhabited Ifland, in lat. a- bout three degrees North : It is a pretty high Ifland, and very remarkable, by reafon of two Saddles, or riflngs and filings on the top. It is about 2 Leagues long, and a League broad ^ and it is four Leagues from the Main : At the Weft-end is another fmalll- fland. The Land againft the Anchoring-place is lowi there is a fmall fandy Bay and good landing. The Soil [or Mouldi}f it is black and deep, in the low i Ground, but on the fide of the high Land it is a kind of a red Clay. This Ifland is very well cloathed with large Trees of federal forts, that are flouriftiing and green all the Year. It*s very well watered with fmall Brooks that iflue from the high Land. Here are a great many little black Monkeys, iomt Indim Conies, and a few Snakes, which are all the Land Animals that I know there. It is reported of this Ifland »♦ w>rs* tie Gale to- ; 25 Leagues 5 anchored at d, in 38 Fa- gth from the nd, in lat. a- r high IHand, ) Saddles, or ut 2 Leagues our Leagues other fmalll- -place is lowi linding. The ), in the low ind it is a kind cloathed with ourilhing and watered with Land. Here J, {omt Indian^ .all theLand^ ported of this ■*^ laand! Teart-C Vry. .175 Ifland that it Rains on evci-y Day in the Year more -' fland I towards the t\^o Men of Prize. "We vas the com- :d by on the ;, but in the 'ientes. Thij Land, with It appears lundaftrong ;thcr itbeal- Iwe paffed by , which we till coming This Point high Land, linLanditis linft the Sea. Water, you about twelve ^en Point G^- flat barren I- flana 7he KifigSy or PcArl-Jfiands: ii$ fl^nd called G«//^rfl, at which Capt. KiirrM was fiia-i'wjl?^*' ring with his Men the Gold he took in his pillaging Siin£la Maria, which I fpoke of a little before, wheh on a fudden five Spanijh Barks fitted out on purpofe at Panama, came upon him 5 but he fought them fo ftoutly with one fmall Bark he had, arid fome few Canoas, boarding their Admiral particularly, that they were all glad to leave him. By this Ifland w« anchored, and fent our Boats to the King's-IJIands for a good careening Place. The Ki»g*s-IJlands arc a great many low Woody I- flands, lying N.W. by N. and S.E. by S. They are about 7 Leagues from the Main, and 14 Leagues in length, and from Panama about 1 2 Leagues. Why they are called the Kin^s-IJlands, I know not ; they are fometimes, and moftly in Maps, called the Pearls IJlands, I cannot imagine wherefore they arc called fo, for I did never fee one Pearl Oyfter about them, nor any Pearl Oyfter-ftiells ; but on the other Oy- fters I have made many a Meal there : The norther- moft Ifland of all this range is called Pachea^ or Pa* be^ue. This is but a fmall Ifland dift:ant from Pa^ \Mma II or 12 Leagues. The Southermoft of them lis called St. Patds. Befides thefe two I know no more hat are called by any particular Name, tho' there re many that far exceed either of the two in big- lefs. Some of thefe Iflands are planted with Plan- ains and Bonano's •, and there are Fields of Rice on thers of them. The Gentlemen of Panama, to horn they belong, keep Negroes there to plant, eed, and • * jfband the Plantations. Many of them, fpecially ihe largefl, are wholly untill'd, yet very iood fat Land, full of large Trees. Thefe unplanted 'ands Ihelter many Runaway- Negroes, who abfcond the Woods all Day, and in the Night Ijoldly pillage he Plantain- Walks. Betwixt thefe Iflands and the ain is a Channel of 7 or 8 Leagues wide ; there is ;ood depth of Water, and good anchoring all the way 176 Lavdia Natar ' * V»- 1685. way. The Iflands border thick on each other ; yet | ^•''^VVJ they make many fmall narrow deep Channels, fit only for Boars to pafs between 'moft of them. At i the S. E. end, about a League from St. Paul's Ifland, i there is a good Place for Ships to careen, or hale alhore. It is furrounded with the Land, and hatha good deep Cl^ mnel on the North-fide to go in at. I The Tide rife a here about ten Foot perpendicular. We brought our Ships into this Place the 25tli| Day, but were forced to tarry for a Spring-Tide beJ fore we could have Water enough to clean them; therefore we firft clean'd our Barks, that they might cruife before Panama^ while we lay here. The 271! Day our Barks being clean we fent them out with! 20 Men in each. The 4th Day after they retum-l ed with a Prize laden with Maiz, or Indian Corn,l Salt- Beef and Fowls. She came from Lavelia, anjl was bound to Panama. Lavelia is a Town we onctl defigned to attempt. It is pretty large, and ftandjj on the Bank of a River on the North-fide of the Bay[ of Panama, fix or feven Leagues from the Sea. Nata is another fuch Town, ftanding in a PlainI near another Branch of the fame River. In thefa Towns, and fome others on the fame Coaft, they breed Hogs, Fowls, Bulls and Cows, and plant Mai^ purpofely for the fupport of Panama, which is fup plied with Provlfion moftly from other Towns ani] the neighbouring Iflands. The Beef and Fowl our Men took, came to usi a good time, for we had eaten but 'little Flefh fino we hic the Ifland Plata. The Harbour where w^ careen'd was incompaffed with three Iflands, and on Ships rode in the middle. That on which we hale our Ships afliore, was a little Ifland on the North-fiti of the Harbour. There was a fine fmall fandyBay,bi^ all the reft of the Ifland was invironed with Rock on which at low Water we did ufe to gather iters, Ciams, Mufcles and Limpits, The Clam I yet ai the Cil 25 Lei paHin^ the the Ml It is with ways V Say of VsLnmt. 177 a fort of Oyfter which grows fo faft to the Rock, ^^'^* that there is no feparating it from thence, therefore we did open it where it grows, and take out the Meat, which is very large, fat and fweet. Here arc a few common Oyfters, fuch as we have in Eng- land^ of which fort I have met with none in thefe Seas but here, at ^ointGarachina, at Puna, and on the Mexican Coaft, in the lat. of 23 d. North. I have a Manufcripc of Mr. Teat, Capt. Swan's chkf Mate, which gives an account of Oyfters plentiful- ly found in Port St. Julian^ on the Eaft-fide and fomewhat to the North of the Streights of Magellan i but there is no mention made of what Oyfters they are. Hers are fome Guanoes, but we found no other fort of Land- Animal. Here are alfo fome Pigeons and Turtle-Dovcs. The reft of the Iflands that in- compafs this Harbour had of all thefe forts of Crea- tures. Our Men therefore did every Day go over in Canoas to them to fi(h, fowl or hunt for Gua- noes ; but having one Man furprized once by fome Spaniards lying there in Ambum, and carried off by them to Panamay we, were after that more cautious offtraggling. The ij^thDzy of February 1685, we made an end of cleaning our Ship, fill'd all our Water, nnd ftock'd our felves with Fire-wood. The 15th Day we went out from among the Iflands, and anchored in the Channel between them and the Main, in 25 Fathom Water, foft oazy Ground. The Plate-Fleet was not yet arrived ; tljer^fore we intended to cruife before the City of Panama, which is from this Place about 25 Leagues. The next day we failed towards Panama, pafling in the Channel between the King^s- Iflands and the Main. It is very pleafant failing here, having the Main on one fide, which appears in divers forms. It is beautified with many fmall Hills, cloathed with Woods of divers fore of Trees, which are al- ways green and fiourifhing. There are fome few Vol. 1. ' ■'• • N • fmall U^VN. 178 Ck^ of Partama. ■J'^^J^S- fmall liigh Iflands within a League of the Main, feat* tering here and there one : Thefe are partly wdody, partly bare i and they as well as the Main, appear very pleafant. The King's Jjlands are on the other fide of this Channel, and make alfo a lovely Prof- pedt as you fail by them. . Thefe, as I have already noted, are low and flat, appearing in feveral Shapes, according as they are naturally formed. by many fmall Creeks and Branches of the Sea. The 1 6th day we anchored at Pacheque^ in 1 7 Fathom Water, about a League from the Illahd, and failed from thence the next Day, with the Wind at N. N. E. direfting our courfe towards Panama.' When we came sLbref^: of bfld Panama we anchored and fent our Canoa afhore v/ith our frifoner Don Dtego de PinaSy with a Letter to 'the G'overnoui", to treat about an Exchange for our Man they had fpj. rited away, as I faia •» and another Captain //^mV left in the.Riverof St.M?W<« the Year before, coming over Land. Don Diego was defirous to .go on this Errand in the Name, and with the Confcnt of the reft of our Spanijh Prifoners ; but by fbmeaccidcnt he was killed before he got afhore, as we heard afterwards. Old Panama was formerly a famous Si'lac^, but ic was taken by Sir Henry Morgan about the Year i ^^j^^ and at that time great part of it was burned 10 Aflies, and k was never re-edified finc^. New Panama is a very fair City, ftanding clofe by the Sea, about four Miles frbm the Ruines of the Old Town. Ft gives Name to a large Bay which is fa- mous for a great many navigable Rivef s, fbme where- of are very rich in Gold •, it is alfo very pleafantly fprinkled with Iflands, that are hdt only profitable to their Owners, but very delightfdl to the Paf- fengers and Seameh that fail by tHem j fome of which! have already. defcrfbed. It is incompalTcd on the backfide witJi a pleafant Country, which is full of fmall Hills and Valleys, beautified wi^h many Groves Panama.' The Spanifh Armada, 179 Groves and Spots of Trees, chat appear in the Sa- '''*rj^?^' vannahs like fo many little JQands. This City is all "^^^C^ compaffed with a high Stone Wall \ the Houfes are faid to be of Brick. Their Roofs appear higher than the top of the Gity Wall. It i^ beautified with a great many fair Churches and Religious Houfes, bc- fides the Prefident's Houfe, and other eminent Build- ings i which altogether make one of the fineft Ob* jcfts that T did ever fee, in America efpecially. There are a great many Guns on her Walls, mod of which look toward the Land. They had none at all againil: the Sea, when I firft entered thofe Seas with Capt. Sawkins, Gapt. C&xo»y Capt. Sharp, and others ; for till then tney did not fear any Enemy by Sea : But fincc that they have planted Guns clear round. This is a flourifhing City by reafon it is a thorough- fair for all imported or exported Goods and Trea- furc, to and from ail Parts of Peru and Chili ; whereof their Store-Houfes are never empty. The Road alfo is feldom or never without Ships. fBefides, once in three Years, when the Spamjh Armada comes to Portoiely then the Plate-Fiect alfo from Lima comes hither with the King's Treafure, and abun- dance of Merchant-Ships full of Goods and Plate i at that time the City is full of Merchants and Gen* tlemen ; the Seamen arc bufie in landing the Trea- fure and Goods, and the Carriers, or Caravan Mafr ters, imployed in carrying it over Land on Mules (in vaft droves every Day) to Portobel, and bringing back European Goods from thence : Tho* the City be then fo full, yet during this heat of Bufinefs there is no hiring of an ordinary Slave under a Piece of Eight a Day ; Houfes, alfo Chambers, Beds and Viauals, are then extraordinary dear. Now I am on this Subjed, I think it will not be amifs to give the Reader an account of the Progrefs of the Armada from Old-Spaijty which comes thus €Yery three Years into the Indies, Its firft ari-ival is N 2 at 1 8o A Spanifti Trophejy, u». 1685. at Carthagena^ from whence, as I have been told, an ^*'^'^>f'^^ Exprcfs is immediately fent over Land to Lima^ thro' the Southern Continent, and another by Sea to Porto- hely with two Pacquets of Letters* one for the Vice- roy ofLima^ the other for the Viceroy of Mexico. I know not which way that of Mexico goes after its arrival at Porlobel, whether by Land or Sea : But I believe by Sea to LaVeraCruz. That for Lima is fent by Land to Panama, and from thence by Sea to Lima. Upon mention of thefe Pacquets I fhall digrefsyet a little further, and acquaint my Reader,' that before my firft going over into the South-Seas with Captain Sharp (and indeed before any Privateers, (at lead fmce Drake and Oxengham) had gone that way which we afterwards went, except La Sound, z. French Cz^- tain, whobyCapt.^ng^/*sInfl"rudtions had ventured as far as Cheapo Town with r^ Body of Men, but was driven back again, ^ I being then on Board Capt. Cox. en, in Company with three or four more Privateers, about four Leagues to the Eaft of Portohel, we took the Pacquets bound thither from Carthagena, We ■opened a great quantity of the Merchants Letters, and found the Contents of many of them to be verv iurprizing, the Merchants of feveral Parts of Old- Spain thereby informing their Correfpondents of Pa- nama, and ellcwhere, ot a certain Prophecy that went about Spain that Year, the Tenour of which was, ^hat there wonld be Engli^i Privateers that. Tear in li&^ Wcft-lndics, who would make fitch great Difcove- ries, as to open a Door into the South-Seas ; which they fuppofed was fafteft fhut : And the Letters were accordingly full of Cautions to their Friends to be very -watchful and careful of their Coafts.; This Door they fpake of we ail concluded mufl be the, Paffage over Land through the Country of the Indians tiDarien, who were a little before this become our Friends, and had lately fallen out with the Spa- wardfi breaking off the Intercourfe which for fome :.. *• .. time The Sfory rf John Ctn. xSi time they had with them : And upon calling alfo '^'^^^^^^ to Mind the frequent Invitations we had from thofe ^^V>i Indians a little before this time, to pafs through their Country, and fall upon the Spaniards in the South-Seas, we from henceforward began to enter- tain fuch Thoughts in earned, and foon came to a Refolution to make thofe Attempts which we after- wards did with Capt. Sharp, Coxon, &c. So chat the taking thefc Letters gave the firft Life to thofe bold Undertakings : And we took the Advantage of the Fears the Spaniards were in from that Prophecy, or probable Coniedure, or whatever it were •, for we fealed up moft of the Letters again, and fent them afhore to Porfobel. The occafion of this our late Friendship with thofe Indians was thus. About 15 Years before this time, Capt. Wright being cruifing near that Coaft, and go- ing in among the SambaUoes Ides to ftrike Fi/h and Turtle, took there a young Indian Lad as he was pad- dling about in a Canoa. He brought him aboard his Ship, and gave him the Name of John Gret, cloath- ing him, and intending to breed him among the £»- lUJh. But his Moskito Strikers, taking a fancy to the Boy, begg*d him of Capt. Wright, and took him with them at their return into their own Country, where they taught him their Artv and he married a. Wife among them, and learnt their Language, as he bad done fome broken Engli/b while he was with Capt. Wright, which he improved among the Moskitoes, who correfponding fo much with us, do all of them fmatter Engli/h after a fort } but his own Language he had almoft forgot. Thus he lived among them for many Years *, till about fix or eight Months before our taking thefe Letters, Capt. Wright being again among the Samhalloes, took thence another Indiat^r Boy about 10 or 12 Years old, the Son of a Man of feme account among thofe Indians ; and wanting a Striker, ;hc .went away to the A4oj^i/«*8 Country,: N 3 * where' i 8 2 The Story of John GrctT ^^J[!»68j. where he took John Gret, Who was ttdw very expert ^^'^^^^ at it. John Gret was much pleafed to fee a Lad there of his own Country, and it came into his Mind to perfuade Capt. IVrtghty upon this occafion, to endea- vour a Fricndlhip with thofe Indians ; a thing our Privateerihad long coveted, but never durft attempt, having fuch dreadful Apprehenfions of their Num- bers and Fiercenefs : Bat John Gret offered the Cap- tain that he would go afhore and negotiate the Mat* ter J who accordingly fent him in his Canoa till he was near the (hoar, which of a fudderi was covered wich Indians, ftanding ready with their Bows and Arrows. John Gret^ who had only a Clout about his middle, as the Fafhion of the ludians is, leapt then out of the Boat and fwam, the Boat retiring a little way back ; and the Mw«i afhore feeing him in that Habit, and hearing him call to them in their own Tongue, (which he had recovered by converfing with the Boy lately taken) fuffered him quietly to land, and gathered all about to hear how it was with him. He told them particularly, that he was one of their Countrymen, and how he had been taken ma- ny Years ago by the Englijb, who had Ufed him very kindly ; that they were miftaken in being fo much afraid of that Nation, who Were not Enemies to them, but to the Spaniards : To confirm this, he told them how well the Englifh treated another yoUng Lad of theirs, they had lately taken, fuch a one's Son ) for this he had learnt of the Youths and his Father was one of the Company that was got together on the fhoar. He perfuaded them therefore to make a Beague with thefe friendly People, by whofe help rhey might be able to ({u^Wiht Spaniards \ affuring alfo the Father of the Boy, that if he would but go with him to the Ship, which they faw at anchor at ah' Ifl-find there (it was Golden- IJland, the Eaftermoft of thtSdmhalloes^ a Place where there is good ftriking for Turtle j* he fliouid haVc^his Son reftoied lo him, V ''- and y/ Agreement afthffiVi^, whb the Darien Indians. 183 and they might all exped a very kind Rcceptipn. ^^.ttt^. Upon thcfcTAflTMrances 20 pr 30 of them went off ^"^"^j^^ prefently, in two or three Cainoas laden with Plan- ' ' tains, Bon^noes, Fowls, £$?<•. And Capt. Wright hav- ing treated them on board, went alhore with them, and was entertained by them, and Prefents were made on each fide. C^y^, Wright gave the Boy to his Father in a very handfome £wg//7^ EJrefs, which he had caufed to be. made purpofely for him i and an Agreement was, immediately ftruck up between the £w|///2> and thefe Jn^iahs^ -who invited the £«^/j/^ through their Country into xh^Soutb-Seai. Purfuant to thjsAgreement, .tjie Englijh^ when thiey ame upon any fuch Defig^B*^ qr for Traffick >yith them, \yeFe tc) ijjjve a certajp $i^al which they pitcht upon, - whereby they ipight; he; j^riown. But it hap- pened tfeat Mr. Ji.a Soundl. t\\t ^rench Captain fpoken of a littlie before, being tijen ope of Capt. Wright*s Men, learn^ thij^ Signal, Jim^ ^^ying: alhore at Petit' Guavres^ wpoi^ jCapt. Wright* s going thither (opn af- ter, who had his Commiffion frpm thenci?,.h?.gave i\it ot\itt French there fuch aqa^coiint of the Agree- ment before-mentionedv a^d the eafmefs pf entering the South-Seas thereupon, ^hai;;, he apt, it tlje Head of about ,1 2o of them, who niide . pat ji^nTucpefsful attempt n^on Cheapo^ as I/ai^ 3 rnaking.ufe pf the Signal tjiey had learnt fpr P^fTfPg the Irfi^a/is (Coun- try, who, at tliattime couljijjpt diitingviini fp well between ithi? federal Natioxis qf jche Eurajpfam^, as they c,s^p.fince.,; ;:■ ': - ^ V . Frpm fuch.fmall Bpginnip'gs frofe thofe-great ilirg that have, b^en fincc made Jover the South-Seas^ vi^, from the J-.etter^>we topk,. atvl from the JF'riendlliip contrarfted -with ^hefe Indians hy. means of Jehn Gret, Yet this Frieodihipt had iijce toI>avebeen ilifled in its Infancy f fot witjhin a iew Months after m UngHJfj', trading;§ippp c^me on tjij^^Cpi^ ^ixQm^mam^, ^n4 jQhn\iSmt\ ^9 by this,tiqe;fi^i^dvanccd himfeTf a? ..^iicii N4 '" ' \i*CiramteQ 1 94 Courfi of the SpanUh Armada, Am. 1685 a Grandee among thefe Indxani^ together with five or ' ^"^ fix more of that quah'ty, went off to the Sloop in their long Gowns, as theCuftom is for fuch to wear among them. Beine received aboard, they exoedted to find every thing friendly, and John Gr^/talkt to them in Englifi \ but thefe Engli/b Men, having no Know- ledffe at all of what had happened, endeavoured to imake them Slaves (zs is commonly done) for upon carrying them to Jamaica^ they could have fold them for 10 or 12 Pound a piece. But John Gret, and the reft, perceiving this, leapt all over board, and were by the others killed every one of them in the Water. The Indians on (hoar never came to the knowledge of It *, if they had, it would have endangered our Cor- refpondence. Several times after, upon our convcr- fing with *em, they enquired of us wnat was become of their Country-men : But we told them we knew not, as indeed it was a great while after that we heard this Story ; fo they concluded the Spaniards had m^t with them, and killed, or taken them. But to return to the account of the Progrcfs of the Armada which we left at Carihagt ia. After an ap- pointed.ftay there of ^bout 60 Days, as I take it, it goes thence to Portohel^ where it lif s 30 Days, and no longer. Therefore the Viceroy of Limay on notice of the Armada's arrival ztCarthaggna, immediately fends away the King's Trcafureto Panama, where it is land- ed, and lies ready to befcnt to Porfohel upon thefirft News bf the Armada's arrival there. This is the rea* fon partly of their fending ExprefTes fo early to Lima, that upon the Armada's ftrft coming to /*or/ which grow pretty thick, and lofe together. The Bark is of a dark grey colour^ ' ick and rough, full df large chops. The Fruit i& igger than a Qulnct i ir is round, and covered with a "itk Rimi, of agfcy colour : When the Fxuit is ripe the bos. 188 A Spanifh Stratagem. ^J;J^Jthc Rind is yellow and tough •, and it will then peel ^^^^ off like Leather j but before it is ripe k is brittle : the juice is then white and clammy j but when ripe not fo. The ripe Fruit under the Rind is yellow as a Carrot, and in the middle are two large rough Stones, flat, and each of them much bigger than an Almond. The Fruit fmells very well, and the tafte is anfwera* ble to the fmell. The S. W. end of the Ifland hath never. been cleared, but is full of Fire-wood, and Trees of divers forts. There is a very fine fmall Brook of frefli Water, that fprings out of the fide of the Mountain, and gliding through the Grove of Fruit- trees, falls into the Sea on the North-fide. There was a fmall Town (landing by the Sea, with a Church at one end, but now the biggeft part of it is deftroy- cd by the Privateers. There is good anchoring right ' againft the Town, about a Mile from the fhoar, where you may have 16 or 18 Fathom Water, foftoazy Ground. There is a fmall Ifland clofc by the N. W. end of this called Tahogtlla^ with a fmall Channel to pafs between. There is another woody Ifland abouil a Mile on the N. E. fide of Tabago, and a good Chan- nel between them : This Ifland hath no Name that| ever 1 heard. , While we lay at TahagOy we had like to have hadal fcurvy trick plaid us by a pretended Merchant fromj Panama, who came, as by ftealth, to trafHck with usT privately *, a thing common enough with the Spam Merchants, both in the North and South-Seas^ notwithj ftanding the fevere Prohibition 0/ the Governoursj who yet fomctimes connive at it, and will even trad^ with the Privateers themfelves. Our Merchant m by agreement to bring out his Bark laden with Gc Sn the Night, and we to go and anchor at the §outlj of Pcrico, Out he came, with a Fircfliip inftead of | Bark, and approached very near, haling us with th Watch-word we had agreed upop. We, fufpeiting tii word, cali'd xo them to cQme to ai> ajpchor, ^nd upo thci Spanifh Stratagems. iSp their not doing fo fired at them ; when immediately An. 168^.' their Men going out into the Canoas,fet fire to their V^OT^ ^hip» which bkw up, and burnt clofe by us v fo that we were forc'd to cut our Cables in all hade, and fcamper away as well as we could. The Spaniard was not altogether fo politick in ap- pointing to meet us at Perico, for there we had Sea- room } whereas had he come thus upon us at Tahago^ the Land'wind bearing hard upon us as it did, we muft cither have been burnt by the Firefhip, or upon loofing our Cables have been driven alhore : But I fuppofe they chofe Perico, rather for the Scene of their Enterprize, partly becaufe they might there beft fculk among the Iflands, and partly becaufe, if tjieir Exploit fail'd, they could tnence efcape belt from our Canoas to Panama, but two Leagues off. During this Exploit, Capt. Swan ('whofe Ship was lefs than ours, and fo not fo much aim'd at by the Spaniards) lay about a Mile off, with a Canoa at the Buoy of his Anchor, as fearing fome Treachery from I our pretended Merchant; and a little before the Bark blew up, he law a fmall Float on the Water, and as I it appeared, a Man on ic, making towards his Ship ; I but the Man dived, and difappeared of a fudden, as thinking probably that he was difcovered. This was fuppofed to be one coming with fome Icombuftible Matter to have ftuck about the Rudder. For fuch a trick Capt. Sharp was ferved at Coquimbo, and, his Ship had like to have been burnt by it, if, b/ fliecr Accident, it had not been difcovered : I was then aboard Capt. Sharp*s Ship. Capt. Swan feeing the Blaze by us, cut his Cables as we did, his Bark [did the like ; fo we kept under Sail all the Night, Ibeing niore feared than hurt. The Bark that was on Ifire drove burning towards Tabago j but after the firft jolaft Ihe did not burn clear, only made a fmother, jfor fhe was not well made, though Capt, Bond had Ithe framing and management of \u ' This Jiu, 1685 Capt. Bond. The South-^ca Shipping, This Capt. Bond was he of whom I made mention in mw 4th Chapter. He, after his being at the Iflej of Cape Verd^ ftood away for the South-Seas^ at the I Inftigation of one Richard Morton,vfho had been With Capt. Sharp in the South-Seas. In his way he met vith Capt. Eatoriy and they two conforted a Day or two : At hi^ Morton went aboard Capt. Eaton, andl perfuaded him to lofe Capt. Bond in the Night, which Capt. Eaton did. Morion continuing aboard of I Capt. Eaton, as finding his the better Ship. Capt Bond thus lofing both hisConfort Ealottj and Mortonl his Pilot, and his Ship being but an ordinary Sailer, he defpaired of getting into the South-Seas; and had plaid fuch Tricks ^mong the C aribbee IJles, as I have teen told, that he did not dare to appear at any of the Englifh Iflands. Therefore he perfuaded his Men to go to the Spaniards, and they confented to any ^Wng that he fhould propofe': So he prefently fteered away into the Weft-Indies, and the firft Place where we came to an Anchor was at Portobel. He Iprefently declared to the Gbvemour, that thcte wercl Englifh Ships coming into the South-Seas, and that ifl they queftioned it, he offered to be kept a PrifonerJ till time Ihould difcover the Truth of what he faidji but they believed him, and fent him away to Pam- ma, where he was in great Efteem. This fcverall Prifoners told us. The Spaniards of Panama could not have fittdl out their Fire-fhip without this Capt. Bond's AffiftJ ance ; for it is ftrange to fay how grofly ignorantl the Spaniards in th&lVeft- Indies, but efpecially in thej South-Seas, are of Sea-Affairs. They build indiecdl good Ships, hit this is a Imall Matter : For anyl Ship of a good bottom willferve for thefe Seas on thej South Coaft. They rig their Ships but untowardly,| have no Guns, but in 3 or 4 of the King's Ships, and arc meanly furnifhed with Warlike Provifions, and much at a lofs for the making any Fireihips orotherj 1 \d Md^^Vrhvateer 5 -arrived, '' } ipx Icfs ufeful Machines. Nay, they have not the'fenfc to An. i68j. have their Guns run within the fides upon their dif- vy*Vi'>i charge, but have Plitfornis [without for the Men to ftand on to charge them ; fo that when we come near we can fetch them down with fmall fhot out of ouf Boats. A main reafon of this is, that the Native Spa^ niards are too proud to be Seamen, but ufe the Indians for all thofe Offices : One Spaniard^ it may be, going j in the Ship to command ;t, and himfelf of little i more knowledge than thofe poor ignorant Creatures: j nor can they gain much Experience, feldom going [far off to Sea, but coafting along the fliores. But to proceed : In the Morning when it was light Iwe came again to anchor clofe by our Buoys, and drove to get our Anchors again ; but ourBuoy-Ropes, being rotten, broke. While we were puzzling about our Anchors, we faw a great many Canoas full of iMen pafs between Tobago, and the other Ifland. This [put us into a new Confternation : We lay ftill fome jtime, till we faw that they cume diredlly towards us, |thenw« weighed and ftood towards them : And ' » vhen we came within hale, we found that they wer4 \EniIi/h and French Privateers come out of the riortb- ys through the Ifthmus of Darien. They were 280 "len, in 28 Canoas; 200 of them Fr^wc^i the reft They were commanded by Captain Gronet^ y Capt. Lequie. We prefently came to an Anchor again, and all the Canoas carfte aboard. Thefe Men. [old us, that there were 180 Englijh Men more, un- |er the command of Capt. 'H'ownley, in the Country hi Darien, making Canoas (as thefe Men had been) jo bring them into thefe Seas. All the Englijh Men ptcame over in this Party were immediately enter- aincd by Captain Davis and Captain Swan in their [wn Ships, and the French Men were ordered to have jur Flour-Prize to carry them, and Captain Granet eing the eldeft Commander was to command them and thus they wer^ all difpofed of to their Hearts 392 Erench Commfftons to Frivateers. Am. 1685. Hearts content. Capt. Gronet^ to retaliate this kind* ^■OT^ xiefs, offered Capt. Davis and Capt. Swan^ each of them a new Commiffion from the Govcrnoiir of P^ /// Guavres. It hath been ufual for many Years pad, for the Governour of P. Guavres to fend blank Com- miflions to Sea by many of his Captains, with Orders to difpofe of them to whom they faw convenient. Thoie of Petit Guavres by this means making them. fclves the Sandluary and Afylum of all People of de- , iperate Fortunes •, and increafing their own Wealth, and the Strength and Reputation of their Party thereby. Captain Davis accepted of one, having be- 1 fore only an old Commiffion, which fell to him by Inheritance at the deceafe of Capt. Cook ; who took it from Captain Triftian^ together with his Bark, as is before mentioned. But Captain Swan refufed it, faying. He had an Order from theDukcof J for it was then a- ironed by the Spaniards. There is another fmall^new Town at the Mouth of the River called the Scuchaderoes : It (lands on the ^orrh-fide of the open Place, at the Mouth of the Rivef of 3t. Maria, where there is more Air than at thf Mines, or at Santa Maria Town, where they arc in a manner ftiQed with heat for want pf Air. All 196 A Tfize of two Barks, 'I'L'i?/* -^^^ about, thefe Kivers, cfpccially near the Sea, the Land is low, it is deep black Earth, and the Trees it produceth are extraordinary large artd high. Thus much concerning the Gulf of St. Michael^ whi- ther we were bound. The fecond Day of March^ as is faid before, we \Yine) and they How oneTier at the top of another . w • ^ fo • the Sea, , and the a Ad high. bael, whi- .efore, we e anchored 'ailed from . Swan un- his Men : : reft of the ptain Swan fend Let- , which he tters to any a Clock we :leaned our g out, who Atn. They Night, and ne was laden ndy. Sugar,, kclared that went and :he next Day ver of Santd that Captain nds. At this t deal of his le diftributed Ship, fthat it d the Jars to ;fe Seas carry ars that hold Pifco (a Place Limat and fa • fe but Jars if op of another ^ fo News of more Trivateers coming, 1 97 fo artificially,, that we could hardly do the like An, i68j. without breaking them : Yet they often carry in ^-OT** this manner 1500 or 2000, or more in a Ship, and feldorh break one. The loth Day we took afmall Bark that came from Guiaquil : She had nothing in her but Ballaft. The 12th Day there came an /;;- dian Canoa out of the River of Sania Maria, and told us, that there were 300 Efjglijh and French Men more coming over Land from the North- Seas. The 15th Day we met a Bark, with five or fix Englifi Men in her, that belonged to Capt. Knight^ who had been in the South-Seas five or fix Months, and was now m the Mexican Coaft. There he had efpicd this Bai:k ; but not being able to come up with her in his Ship, he detach'd thefe five or fix Men in a Canoa, who took her, but when they had dons, could not recover their own Ship again, Jofing Company >yith her in the Night, therefore they came into the Bay q{ Panama, intending to go over-land back into the North-Seas, but that they luckily me,t with us :^ fo|: the lilhmus of Barien was now become a common Road for Privateers to pafs between the North .and South-Seas at their Pleafure.' This Bark of Captain Knights had in her 40 or 50 Jars of Brandy.: fhe was now commanded by Mr. Henry More ; but Captain Swan intending to promote Captain Harris, caufed Mr. More to be turned out, alledging that it was very likely thefe Men were run away from their Commander. Mr. More willingly refigned her, and went aboard of Captain Swan^ and became one of his Men. It was now tlie latter- end of the- dry Seafon here •, and the Water at the Kings, or Pearl- (/lands , of which there was plenty when we firft came hither, was now dried away. Therefore we were forced to ^o tp Point Garacjyma, thinking to water our Ships there. Captain Harris being now Com- f|^ander of the new Bark, was fent into the River I \ of 19^ Porto-Pinas. i4». i68j.of Santa Maria^ td fee fbr thofc Men that the hii' yy^'^^ ans told us of, whilft the reft of the Ships failed to- wards Point Garachina ; where we arrived the 21ft Day, and anchored two Mile from the Point, and found a ftrong Tide running out of the River Sam^ ho. The next Day we ran within the Point, and anchored in four Fathom at low Water. The Tide rifeth here eight or nine Foot : The Flood fets N. N. E. the Ebb S. S. W. The Indians that inhabit in the Kwtr Sambo czmt to us in Canoas, and brouglit Plantains and Bonanoes. They could not fpcak nor underftand Spanijh 5 therefore I believe they have no Commerce with the Spaniards, We found no frefh Water here neither i fo we went from hence to Port'PinaSy which is feven Leagues S. by W. from hence. Porto-Pinas licth in l?t. 7 d. North. It is fo called, becaufe there are many Pine-trees crowing there. 1 he Land is pretty hi^h, riling gently as it runs in- to -he Country. This Country near the Sea is all covered with pretty high Woods : The Land that bounds the Harbour is low in the middle, but high anH rocky on both fides. At the Mouth of the Har- bour there are twoTmall high Iflands, or rather bar- ren Rocks. The Spaniards in their Pilot-Books com- mend this for a good Harbour ; but it lieth all open to the S. W. Winds, which frequently blow here in the wet Seafon : Befide, the Harbour within the Iflands is a Place of but fmall extent, and hath a Very narrow going m 1 what depth of Water there is in the Harbour I know not. The 25th Day we arrived at this Harbour of ' Pines, but did not go in with our Ship, find- ing it but an ordinary Place to lie at. We fent in . our Boats to fearch it, and they found a Stream of good Water running into the Sea i but there were Hich great fwelling Surges came into the Harbour, that we could not conveniently fill our Water there. The Bajf pf Vsinamzi 19P The 26th Day we returned to Point Garaehina again. ^'U^ In our way we took a fmall VefTel laden with Ca* ^ cao •' She came from Guiaquil. The 29th Day we arrived at Point Garaehina : There we found Cap- tain Harris, who had been in the River of Santa- Maria } but he did not meet the Men that he went for : Yet he was informed again by the Indians^ that they were making Canoas in one of the Branches of the River of Sant^a Maria, Here we fhared our Ca- cao lately taken. Becaufe we could not fill our Water here, we de- (igned to go to T'^^^rgd again, whei^ we were fureto be fupplied. Accordingly on the 30th Day we fet fail, being now nine Ships in Company i and had a fmall Wind at S. S. E. The firft Day of yiprii, be- ing in the Channel between the King's-IJIands and the Main, we had much Thunder, Lightning, and fome Rain : This Evening we anchored at the Ifland Pacbeque, and immediately fent four Canoas before us to the Ifland Tabago, to take fome Prifoners for Information, and we followed the next Day. The 3d Day in the Evening we anchored by Perica, nc% who w; 1 Avogato-P^/ir. Mammcc-Sappota-Tr^w. loj gathered two or three Days, it grows foft and juicy, ili». »6S^ and then the juice is clear as Spring- Water, and ircrf ^^'^' fwect ; in the midft of the Fruit are two or thre6 black Stones or Seeds, about the bignefs of a Pump* kin-feed : This is an excellent Fruit. The Avogato Pear-tree is as big as moft Pear-trecSj I and is commonly pretty high *, the fkin or bark black, and pretty imooth ; the leaves large, of ail oval ihape, and the Fruit as big as a large I^emon. It is of a green colour, till it is ripe, and then it is a little yellowi(h. They are feldom fit to eat till they have been gathered two or three Days 5 then they become foft, and the Skin or Rind will peel off. ■The Subitance in the infide is green, or a little yel« |lowi(h, and as foft as Butter. Within the Subftanct there is a Stone as big as a Horfe-Plumb. This l^roit hath tio tafte of it felf, and therefore 'tis ufu* illy mixt with Sugar and lame^juice, and beaten bgether in v. Plate ; and this is an excellent Difh. viiz ordinary way is to eat it with a little Salt and roafted Plantain ; and thus a Man that's Hungry, ay make a good Meal of it. It is very wholfome ten any way. It is reported that this Fruit pro- ves to Luir, and therefore is faid to be much •• Icemed by the Spaniards : And I do believe they [re much efteemed by them, for I have met with •Icnty of them in many Places in the North Seas^ ^here the Spaniards are fettled, as in the Bay of ^mpeacbyy on thcCo^A of Cartagena^ and theCoaf^ ' Caraccos i and there are fome in Jamaica, which re planted by the Spaniards when they poiTefTcd It Ifland. The Mammee-Sappota Tree is different from the iatnmke defcribed at the Ifland Tabago in this Chap- Hf. It is not fo big or fo tall, neither is the Fruit big or fo round. The Rind of the Fruit is thin nd brittle ; the infide is a deep red, and it has a Dugh fiat long Stone. This is accounted the prin- cipal 204 Wild'Mammee. Star-Apple. Cht3ipo- River. j^J^Sy cipal Fruit of the JVeJl-Indies. It is very pleafant and wholfome. I have not feen any of thefe on Jamaica \ but in many Places in the IVefi-Indies among the Spaniards, There is another fort of Mammee-trec, which is called the wild Mammee : This bears a Fruit which is of no value, but the Tree is ftraight, tall, and very tough, and therefore principally ufed for making Mafts. The Star Apple-tree grows much like the Quince Tree, but much bigger. It is full of leaves, and the leaf is broad of an oval fhape, and of a very dark green colour. The Fruit is as big as a large I Apple, which is commonly fo covered with leaves, that a Man can hardly lee it. They fay this is a good Fruit •, I did never tafte any, but have fcen j both of the Trees and Fruit in many Places on the Main, on the North- fide of the Continent, and in Jamaica. When the Spaniards poflefs'd that Ifland, j they planted this and other forts of Fruit, as theSa- padillo, Avogato-Pear, and the like ; and of thefe I Fruits there are (till in Jatnaica in t'ofe Plantations] that were firft fettled by the Spaniards , as at tht An- gles, at 7 Mile-Walk, and i6 Mile Walk. There II have feen thefe Trees which were planted by the 5/^ J tiiardsy but I did never fee any Improvement madcl by the Englifh, who feem in that little curious. The Road for Ships is on the Northrfide, where there ij good anchoring half a Mile from the (hoar. . There is a Well clofe by the Sea or? the North-fide, and foriTierly there were three pr four Houfes clofe by it,l but npw tiiey ^re ^eftroyed. , This Jfland ilandji right againft the Mouth of the River Cheapo. I The River Cheapo fprings out of the Moqniair.t| pear the North-fide of the Country, and it beingl penn'd up on the South-fide by other Mo^ntainsJ bends its courfe tq the Weft ward between both J till finding a Paffage on the S. AV" it makes a kindl of a half Circle , and bein^ fwell*d to a confideraf '• ' ■ ° ■ - bit Cheapo TowTL 105 ble bignefs, it runs with a flow Motion into the^»'i68r. Sea, feven Leagues from Panama. This River is ^"'^^^^ very deep, and about a Quarter of a Mile broad : but tiie Mouth of it is choaked up with Sands, fo that no Ships can enter, but Barks may. There is a fmall Spanijh Town of the fame Name, within fix Leagues of the Sea : it ftands on the left Hand go- ing from the Sea. This is it which I faid Capt. La ^oawi attempted. The Land about it is Champion, with many fmall Hills cloathed with Woods ; but the higgeft Part of the Country is Savannah. On the South-fide of the River it is all Wood-land for many- Leagues together. It was to this Town that our 250 Men were fent. The 24th Day they returned out of the River, having taken the Town without any Oppofition : but -they found nothing in it. By the way going thither they took a Canoa, but moft j of the Men efcaped aflioar upon one of the Kin^s Ifands : She was fent out well appointed with armed I Men to watch our Motion. The 25th Day Capt. I i/flrw came to us, having cleanec' his Ship. The 1 26th Day we went again toward Tabago ; our Fleet now, upon Capt. Harris joining us again, confided often Sail. We arrived at Tabago the 28 th Day: there our Prifoners were examined concerning the \kttngth of Paaama ; for now we 'bought our felves ftrong enough for fuch an Enterprize, being near 1000 Men. Out of thefe, on occafion, we could jhave landed 900 : but our Prifoners gave us fmall lEncouragement to it, for they aflfured us, that all jlhe Strength of the Country was there, and that Iraany Men were come from Portobel^ befides its own^ [Inhabitants, who of themfelves were more in Num- pr than we. Thefe Reafons, together with the [Strength of the Place. (which hath a high Wall) [deterred us from attempting it. While we lay there at TabagOf fome of our Men burnt the Town on Ithe Ifland. . , . .... . The 206 Ifle of Pacheque. 'A: 168$. The 4th of Ma-j we failed henc« again bound for the Ktn^s IJlands ; and there we continued cruifing from one end of thefe Iflands to the other : till on the 2 2d Day, Capt.Z)\ That the Prcfident of Panama had ftri&ly ordered, that none ihould adventure to any of the Iflandt for Plantains : but Neceflity had obliged them to| trcfpafs againft the Prefldent's Order. They far* ther reported, that the Fleet from Litna was tj\ pe£led every Day ; for it was generally talked that! they were come from Lima : and that the Rr^porc atl Pancvna was, that King Charles II of England wail dead, and that the Duke o£Tork was crowned King.! The 27th Day Captain Swan and Giptain iWn/^l alfo came to Pacheque, where we lay, but Capuifll Swan's Bark was gone in among the Kin^i IJlands for| Plantains. The Ifland Pncbeque^ as I have btf related, is the Northermoft of the Kin^s Iflands. It{ is a fmal] low Ifland about ''. League round. On South-fide of it there are t^io or three fmall Ifland ^neither of them half a Mile round. Between ft eheque and thefe Iflands is a fmall Channel not abov £x or feven Paces wide, and about a Mile lonjj Thro' this Capt. ^ownley made a bold Run, beio preil hard by the Spaniards in the Fight I am goiii to fpeak of, though he was ignorant whether thd wa» a fufficient Depth of Water gr not. On tM I Eaft] Spanifh Fleet from Lima : Their Strength, 207 Eaft-fide of this Channel all our Fleet lay waiting An^ 168$. for the Lima Fleet, which we were in hopes would ^-OP^ come this way. The 28th bay we had a very wet Morning, for the Rains were come in, as they do ufually in May^ or June^ fooner or later \ fo that Ma^^ is here a very uncertain Month. Hitherto, till within a few Days, we had good fair Weather, and the Wind at N. N. £. but now the Weather was altered, and the WindatS.^.W. However about eleven a Clock it cleared up, and wefaw the Spamjh Fleet about three Leagues W. N^ W. from the Ifland Pacbeque^ (landing clofe on a Wind to the Eaftward ^ but they could not fetch the Ifland by a League. We were riding a League S. E. from the Ifland between it and the Main ; only Capt. Gronet was about a Mile to the Northward of us near the Ifland : he weighed fo foon as they came in tight, and flood over for the Main ; and iwe lay dill, expelling when he would tack and Icome to us : but he took cere to keep himfelf out |of Harai*a way. Captain Swan and Townley came aboard of Capt. kvis to order how to engage the Enemy, who we * kaw came purpofely to fight us, they being in all [4 Sail, befldcs Periagoes^ rowing with I2 and 14 Jars apiece. Six Sail of them were Ships of good brce : firfl the Admiral 48 Guns, 450 Men -, the ^ice-Admiral 40 Guns, 400 Men *, the Rear-Ad- niral 36 Guns, 360 Men; a Ship of 24 Guns, loo Men ; one of 18 Guns, 250 Men *, and one of |ighc Guns> 200 Men *, two great Firefhips, flx Ship$ ly with fmall Arms, having 800 Men on board |iem alU befides 2 or 3 hundred Men inPeriagoes. This account of their Strength we had afterwards Dm Captain Knight y who being to the Windward the Coaft of Peru^ took Prifoners, of whom he this Information, being what they brought from u# 2oS The ^rivateeirs Strength, 'An. 1685. from Lima. Befides thefe Men, they had alfd fomc ''^V^ hundreds of Old Spain Men that came from Poriohel, and met them at Lavelia, from whence they now came: and their IVrength of Men from Lima was 3000 Men, being all the ftrength they could make in that Kingdom ; and for greater Security, they had firft landed their Treafure at Lavelia, . Our Fleet confided of ten Sail: firft Captain Z)(i. vis 0,6 Guns, 156 Men, moft" Englijh \ Captain Sivm 16 Guns, 140 Men, all Eiiglijh: Thefe were the only Ships of force that we had ; the reft having none but fmall Arms. Captain Townley had no Men, all Englijb. Captain Gronet 308 Men, all, French. Captain Harris 100 Men, moft Engl Captain Branly 36 Men, fome Englijh, fome Eremh\ Davis his Tender eight Men ; Swan's Tender eight Men i Townley*s Bark 80 Men -, and a fmall Bark of| 30 Tuns made a Firefhip, with a Canoas Crew her. We had in all 960 Men. ButCapt. Gronetcmi\ not to us till all was over, yet we were not dif- couraged at it, but refolved to fight them , for be{ ing to Windward of the Enemy, we had it at ourl Choice, whether we would fight or not. It was three| a Clock in the Afternoon when we weighed, an(l being all under fliil, we bore down right afore thd Wind on our Enemies, who kept clofe on a WinJ to come to us ; but Night came on without m thing, befide the exchanging of a few Shot on eaci fide. When it grew dark, the Spanijh Admiral puj out a Light, as a Signal for his Fleet to come toaj Anchor. We faw the Light in the Admiral's Top] which continued about halt an Hour, and then was taken down , In a fhort time after we id the Light again, and being to Windward we keo under fail, fuppofing the Light, had been in the M miral's Top \ but as it proved, this was only a StrJ tagem of theirs ; for this Light was put out thefj cond time at one of their Barks Topm.aft*head, away ij A SeaFighi. 209 then flie was fent to Leeward ; which deceived us : ^^- «6«5. for we thought ftill the Light was in the Admiral's '^'V^ Top, J'.nd by that means thought our fclves to wind- ward of them. In the Morning therefore, contrary to our ex- peftation, we found they had got the Weather-gage of us, and were coming upon us with full Sail *, fo we ran for it, and after a running Fight all day, and ha- ving taken a turn almoft round the Bay or Panama^ we came to an Anchor again at the I(le of Pacheque^ in the very fame place from whence we fet out in the Morning. Thus ended this day's Work, and with it all that we had been projecting for five or fix Months •, when inftead of making our felves Mafters of the SpaniJIj Fleet and Treafure, we were glad to efcape them ; and owed that too. in a great meafure, to their want of Courage to purfue their Advantage. The 3cth day in the Morning when we looked out we faw die Span'ijh Fleet all together three Leagues to Leeward of us at an Anchor. It was but little Wind till i o a Clock,and then fprung up a fmall Breeze at South, and the Spani/h Fleet went away to Panama, What lofs they had, I know not •, we loll but one Man: And having held a Confult, we re- folved to go to the Keys of ^tibo or Cobaya^ to feck Capt. Harris, who was forced away from us in the Fight i that being the place appointed for our Ren- dezvous upon any fuch accident. As for Gronct^ he iaid his Men would not fuffer him to joyn us in the Fight: But we were not fatisfied with that ex- cufe 1 lb we fuffered him to go with us to the Ifles of ^iboa, and there calhiered our cowardly Compa- nion. Some were for taking from him the Ship which we had given him : But at length he was fuffered to keep it with his Men, and we fent them away in it to fome other place. CHAP. 210 CHAP. VIII. They fet out from Tabsigo, IJIe of Chuchc. The Mountain called Moro de Porcos. The Coaji to the Weflwardof the Bay of Panama. Ifles of Quibo, Quicaro, Rancheria. Ihe Palma- Maria-tree. The 7/7^/ Canalcs ^«^ Cantarras. They build Canoasfor a new Ev^pedition s and take Puebla Nova. Captain Knight joyns them, Canoas how made/TheCo^ft and frinds between Quibo and Nicoya. Volcan Vejo again. Tornadoes, and the Sea rough. Ria Lcxa Harbour. The City of Leon taken and burnt. Ria Lexa Creek 5 the Town and Commodities ; the Cjiiava- Fruit, and Prickle-Pear : A Ran- fom paid honourably upon Tarole : The Town burnt. Captain Davis and others go off for the South Coaft. A contagious Sichiefs at Ria Lexa. Terrible Tornadoes. The Volcan oj Guatimala; the rich Commodities of that Country i Indico, Otta or Anatta, Cochineel, Silvefter. ^rift Wood, and Pumice- Stones. The Codfl further on the North-wefi. Capt. TownleyV fruit lefs Expedition towards Teco- Sintcpt(]i\c. The IJIand Tangola, and Neighbour- ing Continent. Guatulco i^ort. Zhe BufFadorc, or Water-fpout. Ruins of GiutnlcoFfllage. The Coafi adjoining. Capt. Townlcy marches to the River Capalita. Turtle at Giiatulco. An Indiaa Settlement. The Vinello Tlant and Fruit. A Ccording to the Refolutlons we had taken, we fee out June the ift, 1685, pa fling be- tween rour Leaj In Mair Bark Capt< got I we w( of hit Bay; whethi Peru. . Of the not: it This to the . nyRiv the So partly thick < leagues] which Vers or_ thoughl I of the f for excj mta ^ jbctweeii (may tj %dc put tot tiler thj fofulL B OK! >jh 'S-* JbmjtSh'jM ichc. The The Coafl la. Ips of je Palma- Cantarras. itiom and ight joyns and If Ms )lcan Vejo b, RiaLcxa and burnt, mmodities i I : A Ran- The Town go off for knejs at Ria ' Volcan of ies of that Cochineel, mice- Stones, weft. Capt. wards Teco- i Neighbour- he Buffadore, >iVillage. The larches to the :o. y/wlndiaa ind Fruit. had taken, we pairing be- tween Ifle Chuche. Moro de Porcos^ an twcen Point Garachina and the Kings IJlands. The -^«. 168 j: Wind was at S. S. W. rainy Weather, with Torna- ^■^''VNi does of Thunder and Lightni^ig. The 3d day we pafled by the Ifland Chucbe, the laft remainder of the Iflcs in the Bay of Panama, This is a fmall, Jow, round, woody Illand, uninhabited j lying four Leagues S. S. W. from Pacheca, In our paffage to ^libo. Captain Branly loft his Main-Maft j therefore he and all his Men left his Bark, and came aboard Captain Davis his Ship. Captain Swan alfo fprung his Main-top-Maft, and got up another i but whije he was doing it, and we were making the beft of our way, we loft fight of him, and were now on the North-fide of the Bay, for this way all Ships r^uft pa;fs from Pamma, wliether bound towards the Coaft of Mexico or Peru. The loth day we pafled by Moro de Porcos^ or the Mountain of Hogs. Why fo called, I know not: it is a high round Hill .on the Coaft of Lavelia. This fide of the Bay of Panama runs out Wefterly to the J^flaiids of ^uiho : There are on this Coaft ma- ny Rivers and Creeks, but non^fo large as thofe on the Sotith fide of the Bay. It is a Coaft that is pardy mountainous, partly low Land, and very thick of Woods bordering on the S- •, but a few I leagues within Land it confifts moft.^ of Savannahs, which are ftotk'd with Bulls and Cows. The Ri- Ivers on this fide are not wholly deftitute of Gold, though not fo rich as the Rivers on the other fide of the Bay. The Coaft is but thinly inhabited, Ifor except the Rivers that lead up to the Towns of \Nata and Lavelia, I know of no other Settlement [between Panama and Puebla Nova. The Spaniards Imay travel by Land from Panama through all the iKingdom of Mexico^ as being full of . Savannahs •, [but towards the Coaft of Peru they cannot pafs far- ther thaii the River Cheapo ; the Land there being |fo full. of .thick Woods, and watered with fo many P 2 great ai 2 Th Ips of Quibo. Palma-Maria Tree, ^>». 1685. great Rivers, befides lefs Rivers and Creeks, that •«Or^ the Indians thcmfelvcs, who inhabit there, cannot travel far without much trouble. We met with very wet weather in our Voyage to ^iiho\ and with S. S. W. and fometimes S. W. Winds, which retarded our courfe. It was the 15th day oijune when we arrived at ^uibo, and found there Captain Harris, whom we fought. The Ifland ^ibo or Cabaya, is in lat. 7. d. 14. m. North of the Equator. It is about fix or feven Leagues long, and three or four broad. The Land is low, except only near the N. E. end. It is all over plentifully ftorcd with great tall flouri(hing Trees of many forts ; and there is good Water on the Eaft and North-Eaft fides of the Ifland. Here are fome Deer, and plenty of pretty large black Monkies, whofe Flelh is fwcct and wholfome : befides a few Guanoes, and fome Snakes. I know no other fort of Land-Animal on the Ifland. There is a fholc runs out from the S. E. point of the Ifland, half a Mile into the Sea; and a League to the North of this Ihole point, on the Eaft-fide, there is a Rock about a Mile from the fhoar, which at the lad quarter ebb appears above Water. Befides thefe two places, there is no dan- ger on this fide, but Ships may run within a quar- ter of a Mile of the flioar, and Anchor in 6, 8, 10, or 1 2 fathom, good clean Sand and Oaze. There are many other Iflands, lying fome on the S. W, fide, others on theN. and N. E. fides ot this Ifldnd *, as the Ifland ^icaro, which is a pretty large Ifland S. W. of ^ibo, and on the North of it b a fmall Ifland called the Rancheria \ on which Iflandj * are plenty of Palma-Maria Trees. The Palma\ Maria is a tall ftraight-bodied Tree, with a fmall| Head, but very unlike the Palm-tree, notwith (landing the Name. It is greatly cftcemed for ma king Mafts, being very tough, as well as of a gooi Jength 5 for the grain of the Wood runs not ftraighi '• alon along grow cjuent forth fmall : have 1 chorin with 1 them a I/land thougli ufed Of of this the Ke\ of thei( chants 2 June us: an methods they we Sea, th afford, on the ( City of thing n< was pit( Lancf ol cut do) cafion Trees we fentl upon thi to get PI that Cal 'vho wa( Town ., ftrcngth kiii»d! ' Lir Voyage times S. W. It was the ^uibOf and ught. The m. North of :agues long, , except only ifljlly ftorcd y forts i and th-Eaft fides ind plenty of ?lefh is fweci :s, and fomc id- Animal on >ut from the into the Sea*, lolc point, on Mile from the ippears above cre> is no dan- ivithin a quar- jr in 6, 8, lo, ►aze. g fome on the i, fides ot this :h is a pretty ; North of it is in which Ifland The Palm , withafmall| tree, notwith- jemcd for ma U as of a goo( ms not ftraighi alonr VaMtt^ov^ taken. an along it, but twilling gradually about it. Thefe Trees '^»- »68j. grow in many places of the IVeJl-IndieSy and are fre- '^^'W^ quently ufed both bv the Englijh and Spaniards there for that ufe. The Iflands Canales and Cantarras^ are (mail Iflands lying on the N. E. of Ranchcrla, Thefe have all Channels to pafs between, and good An- choring about them j and they are as well ftorcd with Trees and Water as ^ibo. Sailing without them all, they appear to be part of the Main. The Ifland Stfiho is the lareeft and moft noted •, for al- though the reft have Names, yet they are feldom ufed only for diftinftion fake : thefe, and the reft of this knot, pafllng all under the common name of the Kep of ^ibo. Captain Swan gave to fevcral of thefe Iflands, the Names of thofe Engli/h Mer- chants and Gentlemen who were Owners of his Ship. June 1 6th Captain Swan came to an Anchor by us: and then our Captains confulted about new methods to advance their Fortunes: and becaufc they were now out of hopes to get any thing at Sea, they rcfolved to try what the Land would aflford. They demanded or our Pilots, what Towns on the Coaft of Mexico they could carry us to. The City of Leon being the chiefeft in the Country (any- thing near us) though a pretty way within Land, was pitch'd on. But now we wanted Canoas to Land our Men, and we had no other way but to cut down Trees, and make as many as we had oc- cafion for, thefe Iflands affording plenty of large Trees fir for our purpofe. While this was doing, we fent 150 Men to take Puebla Nova (a Town upon the Main near the innermoft of thefe Iflands) to get Provifion : It was in going to take this Town that Captain Sawkim was killed in the Year 1680. who was fucceeded by Sharp, Our Men took the Town with much eafe, although there v/as more ftrength of Men than when Captain Sawkins was kill'd. They returned again the 24th day, but got P 3 no C^^Y^v 214 The manner of miking Camas, ■^^^8j. no Provifion there. They took an cmfty Bark in their way, and brought her to us. The 5th day of Jul-j Captain Knight^ mentioned in my laft Chapter, came to us. He had been crui- fing a great way to the Wcftward, but got nothing bcude a good Ship. At laft, he went to the South- ward, as high as the Bay of Guiaquil^ where he took a Bark-log, or pair of Bark-logs as we call it, laden chiefly with Flour. She had other Goods, as "Wine, Oyl, Brandy, Sugar, Soap, and Leather of Goats-skins : and ne took out as much of eich .;: he had occafion for, and then turned her away again. The Mafterof the Float told him, that the King's Ships were gone from Lima towards Panama .* that they carried but half the King's Treafure with them, for fear of us, although thejr had all the ftrength that the Kingdom could afl^rd : that all the Merchant-Ships which fhould have gone with them were laden and lying at Payta, where they were to wait for further Orders. Captain Kmgbt having but few Men, did not dare to go to Payta^ where, if he had been better provided, he might have taken them all •, but he made the beft of his way into the Bay of Panama^ in hopes to find us there inriched with the Spoils of the Lima Fleet ; but coming to the Kings JJlands^ he had advice by a Prifoner, that we had engaged with their Fleet, but were worded, and fince that made our way to the Wdftward ; and therefore he came hither to feek us. He prefently conforted with us, and fet his Men to work to make Canoas. Every Ships cornpany made- for themfelves, but we all helpe^l each other tO launch them, for fome were made a Mile from the Sea. The manner of making a Canoa is, after cutting down a large long Tree, and fquaring the upp'.'r-| moft fide, and then turning it upon the flat fide, to /hvipe the oppofite fide for the bottom. Then again they they holes and c botto thinni com IT Inche; Onco Cap was 3 6 ther 3 aMon dy to Ship a- rotten Men V While they w March John R ii.^to in her him i they hi The ing oui Leon, We wel mandec ley anc Tender! pad 01 leaving! the Ra\ Main, was at paflingl and by They fail from Quibo/Z^r Ria Lcxa. ^ 1 5 they turn her, and dig the infidc \ boring alfo three ^^' '^^5- holes in the bottom, one before, one in the middle, ^^^V^ and one abaft, thereby to gage the thickncfi of the bottom } for otherwile we might cut the bottom thinner than is convenient. We left the bottoms commonly about three Inches thick, and the fides two Inches thick below, and one and an half at the top. One or both of the ends we (harpen to a point. Capt. D^u/'j made two very large Canoas i one was 36 Foot long, and five or fix Feet wide •, the o- thcr 32 Foot long, and near as wide as the other. In a Months time we finifhed our Bufinefs and were rea- dy to fail. Here Capt. Harris went to lay his Ship a-ground to clean her, but fhe being old and rotten fell in pieces : And therefore he and all his Men went aboard of Capt. Davi and Capt. Swan. While we lay here we ftruck Turtle every day, for they were now very plentiful : But from Aitguft to March here arc not many. The 18 th day of 7«/y 'John Rofe^ a Frenchman, and 14 Men more, belong- ii.;*to Capt. Gronet, having made a new Canoa, came in her to Capt. Davis, and defired to ferve under him i and Capt. Davis accepted of them, becaufi; they had a Canoa of their own. The 20th day of July we failed from §uibo, bend- ing our courfe for Ria Lsxa, which is the Port for Leon, the City that we now defigned to attempt. We were now 640 Men in eight Sail of Ships, com- manded by Capt. Davis, Capt. Swan, Capt. Town- ley and Capt. Knight, with a Firefhip and three Tenders, which lail had not a conftant Crew. Wc paft out between the River ^tiho and the Rancheria, leaving ^liho and ^icaro on our Larboard fide, and the Rancheria, with the reft of the IQands, and the Main, on our Starboard fide. The Wind at firft was at South South Weft : We coafted alopg fhore, pafling by the Gult of Nicoya, the Gulf of Duke, and by the Ifland Caneo, All this Coaft is low Land P 4 over- 2 1 6 Volcan Vcjo.' ^». 1685. overgrown with thick Woods, and there are but few '^'"^'^^^ Inhabitants near the Ihore. As we failed to the Weft- ward wc had variable Winds, fometimes S. W. and at W. S,W. and fometimes at E. N. E. but we had them moft commonly at S. W. we had a Tornado or two every Day, and in the Evening or in the Night, we had Land-winds at N. N. E. The 8th Day of yfugufl, being in the lat. of 1 1 d. 20 m. by obfervation, we faw a high Hill in the Country, towring up like a Sugar-loaf, which bore N. E. by N. We fuppofed it to be Folcan VejOy b/ the fmoak which afcended from its top ; therefore we fleered i^i North, and made it plainer, and then knew it to be that Volcan^ which is the Sea-mark for the Harbour for Ria Lexa •, for, as I faid before in Chapter the 5th, it is a very remarkable Mountain. When we had brought this Mountain to bear N. E. we got out all our Canoas, and provided to embark into them the next Day. The 9th Day in the Morning, being about eight Leagues from the fhore, we left our Ships under the charge of a few Men, and 520 of us went away in 3 1 Canoas, rowing towards the Harbour of Ria Lexa. We had fair Weather and little Wind till two a Clock in the Afternoon, then we had a Tornado from the fliore, with much Thunder, Lightning and Rain, and fuch a guft of Wind, that we were all like to be foundred. In this extremity we put right afore the Wind, every Canoas Crew making what fhift they could to avoid the Threatning Dan- ger. The fmall Canoas being moft light and buoyant, mounted nimbly over the Surges, but the great heavy Canoas lay like Logs in the Sea, ready to be fwallowed by every foaming Billow. Some of ou> Canoas were half full of Water, yet kept two Men conftantly heaving it out. The nercenefs of the Wind continued about half an hour, and a- baicd by degrees s and as the Wind died away, lb the Tornadoes. 217 t. of 1 1 d. [ill in the rhich bore ejo, b/ the ^reforc we then knew irk for the before in Mountain, bear N. E. to embark about eight Ships under went away our of Ri^ _ Wind till i a Tornado Lightning hat we were nity we put rew making atning Dan- light and ges, but the e Sea, ready How. Some ;r, yet kept 'he fierceneis lour, and a- ied away, ^'o the the fury of the Sea abated : For in all hot Countries, ^" '685. as I have obferved, the Sea is foon raifed by the '■^''VVi Wind, and as foon down agfCin when the Wind is gone, and therefore it is a Proverb among the Seamen, Up IVind^ up Sea^ Down TVmd^ down Sea. At feven a Clock in the Evening it was quite calm, and tho Sea as fmooth as a Mill-pond. Then we tugg'd to get into the ihore, but finding we could not do it before Day, we rowed off again to keep our felves out of fight. By that time it was Day, we were five Leagues from the Land, which we thought was far enough off fliore. Here we intended to lye till the Evening, but at three a Clock in the Afternoon we had another Tornado, more fierce than that which we had the Day before. This put us in greater peril of jour Lives, but did not lad: fo long. As foon as the violence of the Tornado was over, we rowed in for the fhore, and entred the Harbour in the Night : The Creek which leads towards Leon lieth on the |S.E. fide of the Harbour. Our Pilot being very well acquainted here, carried us into the Mouth of it, but could carry us no farther till Day, be- caufe it is but a fmall Creek, and there are other Creeks like it. The next Morning as foon as it was light, we rowed into the Creek, which is very nnr- |rowi the Land on both fides lying fo low, that tvery Tide it is overflown with the Sea. This fort of -and produceth red Mangrove-Trees, which are here fo plentiful and thick, that there is no pafllng thro' ^hem. Beyond thefe Mangroves, on the firm Land, dofe by the fide of the River, the Spaniards have 3uilt a Breaft-work, purpofely to hinder an Enemy [rom the Landing. When we came in fight of the Jreaft-work, we rowed as faft as we could to get ilhore : The noifc of our Oars alarmed the Indians ?ho were fet to watch, and prefently they ran a- fay towards the City of Leon, to give notice of our [pproach, Wc landed as fgon as we could, and marched 21 i City of Leon f and Country adjacent. \An.ih%^, marched after them: 470 Men were drawn out to yy^>r'^ march .to the Town, and I was left with 59 Men more to (lay and guard the Canoas till their return. The City of Leon is 20 Mile up in the Country; The way to it plain and even, thro' a Champion Country, of long graffy Savannahs, and fpots of high Woods. About five Mile from the Landing-place there is a Sugar-work, three Mile farther there is ano- ther, and two Mile beyond that, there is a fine River to ford, which is not very deep, befides which, there is no Water in all the way, till you come to an Indian Town, which is two Miles before you come to the City, and from thence it is a pleafant ftraight fiindy way to Leon. This City (lands in a Plain not far from a high pecked Mountain, which oftentimes cafts forth fire and fmoak from its top. It may be feen at Sea, and it is called the Vulcan of Leon, The j Houfes of Leon are not high built, but (Irongand large, with Gardens about them. The Walls are Stone, and the Covering of Pan- tile : There are three Churches and a Cathedral, which is the head Church in thefe parts. Our Countryman Mr. Gage, who travelled in thefe parts, recommends it to the World as the pleafanteft place in all America^ and! calls it the Paradice of the Indies. Indeed if wel confider the Advantage of its Situation, we may findl it furpaffing moft Places for Health and Pleafureinl Amerira^ for the Country about it is of a fandyl Soil, which foon drinks up all the Rain that falls,! to which thefe parts are much fubjefl. It isinj compalTed with Savannahs j fo that they have th^ benefit of the Breezes coming from any quarter) all which makes it a very healthy Place. It isi place of no great Trade, and therefore not rich iij Money. Their Wealth lies in their Padures, and Cattle, and Plantations of Sugar. It is faid thaj they make Cordage here of Hemp, but if the/ have any fuch Manufadlory, it is at fome diftancj frofl -""Vn^ City of L^on taken. 219 from the Town, for here is no fign of any fuch ^». 168^. thing. Thither our Men were now marching ; they went from the Canoas about eight a Clock. Captain to'!Vtileyy with 80 of the briskeft Men, marched be- fore, Captain Swan with 100 Men marched next, and Captain Davis with 170 Men marched next, and Captain /Twfg^/ brought up the Rear. Captain ^owfileyy who was near two Mile a-head of the reft, met about 70 Horfemen four Miles before he came to the City, but they never ftood him. About thfee a Clock Captain Townhy, only with his 80 Men, enter- ed the Town, and was briskly charg'd in a broad Street, with 170 or 200 Spanijh Horfemen, but two or three of their Leaders being knock'd down, the reft fled. Their Foot confifted of about 500 Men, which were drawn up in the Parade; for the Spaniards in thefe parts make a large fquare in every Town, tho* the Town it felf be fmall. The Square is cal- led the Parade : commonly the Church makes one fide of it, and the Gentlemens Houfes, with their Galleries about them, the other. But the Foot al- [ fo feeing their Horfe retire left art empty City to Captain Townlej ; beginning to fave themfelves by I flight. Captain Swan came in about four a Clock, Captain Davis with his Men about five, and Captain \Kntght with as many Men as he could incourage to march, came in about fix, but he left many Men tired on the Road -, thefe, as is ufual, came drop- ping in one or two at a time, as they were able. The next Morning the Spaniards kill'd one of our [tired Men ; he was a ftout old Grey-headed Man, laged about 84, who had ferved under Oliver in [the time of the Jrijh Rebellion -, after which he vas at Jamaica, and had followed Privateering ^ver fince. He would not accept of the offer our len made him to tarry alhoar, but faid he would Nture as far as the beft of them : and when fur- rounded 220 ' City of Lzon burnt. 'An. 1685. rounded by the Spaniards^ he refufed to take Quarter, *"^"^^'^ but difcharged his Gun amongft them, keeping a Piftol Hill charged, fo they Ihot him dead at a di- ftance. His name was Swan ; he was a very mer- ry hearty old Man, and always ufed to declare he would never take Quarter : But they took Mr. Smith who was tired alfo ', he was a Merchant belonging to Captain Swan^ and being carried before the Governour of Leon^ was known by a Mulatta Wo- man that waited on him. Mr. Smith had lived ma- ny years in the Canaries^ and could fpeak and write very good Spanijh, and it was there this Mulatta Woman remembred him. He being examined how many Men we were, faid iqoo at the City, and 500 at the Canoas, which made well for us at the Canoas, who draggling about every day, might ea- fily have been dellroyed. But this fo daunted the Governour, that he did never offer to moleft our Men, although he had with him above 1000 Men, as Mr. S??iith gueffed. He fent in a Flag of Truce about Noon, pretending to Ranfom the Town, ra- ther than let it be burnt, but our Captains de- manded 300000 Piecesof Eight for its Ranfom, and as much Provifion as would vidlual looo Men four Months, and Mr. Smith to be Ranfomed for fome of their Prifoners i but the Spaniards did not in- tend to Ranfom the Town, but only capitulated day after day to prolong time, till they had got more I Men. Our Captains therefore, confidering the di- ftance that they were from the Canoas, refolvedto| be marching down. The 14th day in the Morning, they ordered the City to be fet on fire, which was I prefently done, and then they came away : but they took more time in coming down than in go- ing up. The 15th day in the Morning, the Spamanhl fent in Mr. Smith, and had a Gentlewoman in ex-l change. Then our Captains fent a Letter to thcl Governour, to acquaint him, that they intendcdl RiaLexa Harbour and Town. 221 ►uarter, :ping a at a di- ry mer- :lare he [r. Smith jlonging fore the tta Wo- ived ma- md write ; Mulatta ined how :ity, and IS at the might ea- unted the noleft our 000 Men, of Truce Town, ra- )tains de- ifom, and Men four 1 for fome id not in- ulatedday got more .ng thedi- frelblved to Morning, which was ,way: hut :han in go- ,e Spamanh man in ex- iter to the ;y intended! next to vifit Ria Lexa^ and defired to meet him there : A», iSSi* they alfo releafed a Gentleman, on his promife of *^V^ paying 150 Beefs for his Ranfom, and to deliver them to us at Ria Lexa *, and the fame day our Men came to their Canoas : where having (laid all Night, the next Morning we all entred our Canoas, and came to the Harbour of Ria Lexa^ and in the After- noon our Ships came thither to an Anchor. The Creek that leads to Ria Lex'a, lyeth from the N. W. part of the Harbour, and it runs in Norther- ly. It is about two Leagues from the Ifland in the Harbours mouth to the Town ; two thirds of the way it is broad, then you enter a narrow deep Creek, bordered on both fides with Red Mangrove Trees, whofe limbs reach almoft from one fide to the other. A mile from the mouth of the Creek it turns away Weft. There the Spaniards have made a very ftrong Breaft-work, fronting towards the mouth of the Creek, in which were placed 100 Sol- diers to hinder us from landing : and 20 Yards be- low that Breaft-work there was a Chain of great Trees placed crofs the Creek, fothat 10 Men could have kept off 500 or 1000. When we came in fight of the Breaft-work we fired but two Guns, and they all ran away : and we were afterwards near half an hour cutting the Boom or Chain. Here we landed, and marched to the Town of Ria Lexa, or Rea Lejo, which is a- bout a Mile from hence. This Town ftands on a Plain by a fmall River. It is a pretty large Town with three Churches, and an Hofpital that hath a fine Garden belonging to it: befides many large fair Houfes, they all ftand at a good diftance one from another, with Yards about them. This is a very ^ fickly place, and I believe hath need enough of an Hofpital ; for it is feated fo nigh the Creeks and Swamps, that it is never free from a noifom fmcU. The Land about it is a ftrong yellow Clay : yet where 112 The Guava. Trsckle'Teat. An 1685 where the Town (lands it feems to be Sand. Here ^^^'^^ are feveral forts ot Frulcs, as Guavo's, Pine-apples, Melons, and Prickle-Pears. The Pine-apple and Melon pre well known. The Guava Fruit grows on a hard ferubhed Shrub, whofe Bark is fmooth and whitilh, the branches pretty long and fmall, the leaf fomcwhat like the leaf of a Hazel, the Fruit much like a Tear, with a thin rind ; it is full of fmalJ hard Seeds, Aind it may be eaten while it is green, which i$ a thing • very rare in the Indies : for moft Fruit, both in the Eaji or Weji-Indies^ is full of clammy, white, unfa- vory juice, before it is ripe, though pleafant enough afterwards. When this Fruit is ripe it is yellow, foft, and very pleafant. It bakes as well as a Pear, and it may' be codled, and it makes good Pies. There are of divers forts, different in fhape, tafte, and colour. The infide of fome is yellow, of others red. When this Fruit is eaten green, it is binding, when ripe, it is loofening. The Prickle-Pear, Bufh, or Shrub, of about foilr or five Foot high, grows in many places of xhtlVef- Indies^ as at Jamaica^ and moft other Iflands there ; and on the Main in feveral places. This prickly Shrub delights moft in barren fandy grounds ; and they thrive beft in places that arc near the Sea; cfpecially where the Sand is faltifh. The Tree, or Shrub, is three or four Foot high, fpreading forth fe- veral branches ; and on each branch two or three! leaves. Thefe leaves (if I may call them fo) are round, as broad every way as the palm of a Man's hand, and I as thick •, their fubftance like Houfeleek : thefe leaves are fenced round with ftrong prickles above an Inch long. The Fruit grows at the farther edge of the Leaf: it is as big ^s a large Plumb, growing fmall near the Leaf, and big towards the top, where it opens like a Medlar. This PVuit at firft is green like the Leaf, from whence it fprings with fmall Prickles I I about! The 25th I 'oke off mded to reel 'pt. Szva'i "■d. I hadi now .'left ' ' Ria Lcxa fe»r«f . 22 j about It *> but when ripe it is of a deep red colour. An. 1685; The infide is full of fmall black Seeds, mixt with a ^•^^V^^ certain red Pulp, like thick Syrup. It is very plea- fant in tafte, cooling, and rcfrefliing i but if a Man cats 15 or 20 of them they will colour his Water, making it look like Blood. This I have often ex- perienced, yet found no harm by it. Thee are many Sugar-works in the Country, and Efta?>uons or Beef Farms : There is alfo a great deal . of Pitch, Tar and Cordage, made in the Country, which is the chief of their Trade. .This Town we approached without any oppofition, and found no- thing bur empty Houfes ; bcfides fuch things as they could not, or would not carry away, which were chiefly about 500 Packs of Flour, brought hither in the great Ship that we iL^ft at Amapalla^ and fome kh, Tar and Cordage. Thefe things we wanted, nd therefore we fent them all aboard. Here we eceived 150 Beefs, promifed by the Gentleman ;hat was releafed coming from Leon ; befides, we ifited the Beef-Farms every Day, and the Sugar- orks, going in fmall Companies of 20 or 30 Men, d brought away every Man his Load ; for we lund no Horfes, which if we had, yet the ways ere fo wet and dirty, that they would not have en ferviceable to us. We flayed here from the 7th till the 24th day, and then fome of our de- ruftive Crew fet fire to the Houfes: I know not by or threcBlio^^ order, but we marched away and left them are round, ■"■ning j at the Breafl-work we imbarked into our hand, andWnoas and returned aboard our Ships. hefe leavcsF weanlnchBThe 25th day Cant. Davis, and C^^t. Swan •dae of thejokc off Confortfliip ; for Capt. Davis was 5«an2 iniallB^ded to return again on the Coafl of Peru^ but where itfct. Swa^t defired to go farther to the Weft- areen like^d. I had till this time been with Capt. Davis^ aU PrickbW novf .left hini> and went, aboard of Qaptain abouil Swan, Here -apples, pie and I . ' ■ ' erubbed ifh, the jmcwhat e a Tear, eds, ^ind \ a thing ,th in the te, unft- it enough B yellow, as a Pear, ood Pies. pe, tafte, of others s binding, ^boutfodr nds there, lis prickly mds-, and the Sea: Tree, or vg forth it 224 Malignant Fevers/ An. 1685. Swan, It was not from any diflikc to my old Cap. O^pw tain, but to get fome knowledge of the North m Parts of this Continent of Mexico : And I knew that Capt, Swan determined to coaft it as far North, as he thought convenient, and then pafs over for the Eajl. Indies ; which was a way very agreeable to my In. cUnation. Capt. lownley^ with his two Barks, wa$ refolved to keep us Company •, but Capt. Knigbt and Caj^t. Harris followed Captain Davis. The 27th t'ay in the Morning Capt. Davis with his Ships went out of the Harbour, having a frefli Land Wind. They were in Company, Capt. Davis*s Ship with Capt. Harris in her ; Capi. Davis'"^ Bark and Firelhip, and Capt. Knigbi in his own Ship, in all four Sail. Capr. Swan took his laft farewel of him by Tiring fifteen] Guns, and he fired eleven in return of the Civility. We uayed here fome time afterwards to fill oui Water and cut Fire-wood ; but our Men, who hai been very healthy till now, began to fall d apace in Fevers. Whether it was the badnefs ol the Water, or the unhealthinefs of the Town wi the caufe of it we did not know •, but of the two, I rather believe it was a Diftemper we got at R Lena ; for it was reported that they had been vi- fited with a Malignant Fever in that Town, whici had occafioned many People to abandon it j aDi although this Vifitation was over with them, yi their Houfes and Goods mig'\t ftill retain fomev of the Infcdion, and communicate the fame OS. Tor %ned Trade the No Aboi we wen compan Captain and his Wen this Coa two vioj fui FJa/1 did nevci Tornado Wind di( the time. the Wind and fomei tht N. W We kcj no Land j 12 d. 501 %hr. T peeks or h often beJci between ti do report It is cabled near the fo< ^^tf* and I the rither believe this, becaufe it afterv^ariB Gulf of raged very much, not only among us, but alfoarnol■^^o^th-Sea] Capt. Davis and his Men, a^ he tcld me himfeBC'omi'nodit fince, when I met him 'mE:igland: Himfelf li«3/fiioit p(.j like to have died, gs did feveral of his and our MfBif'to EuropX The 3d dzy oi September we turned afhore all oHor Anatta,f Prifoners and Pilots, they being unacquainted fifl Jndico i ther to the Weft, which was the Coaft that wcB^nd half qi fignf old Cap. North rn knew that rth, as he r the Eafi- to my In- {arks, wa$) The 27th Ships went Vind.Thcy with Capt.1 refhip, and! ;ail. Capt.l iring fifteen! le Civility. iS to fill ou^ ;n, who had o fall do'^j e badnefs o( e Town w of the ml re got at Ri| had been vil own, whici idon it -, m them, y^ cain fnmev/ the fame it aftervfari )ur alfo arnoi -M me hin\f« Himfelf W sand our Mf afhorc alloi icquiiinted u aft that v[0( m Tornadoes, Volcan, and Cit^ <7/Giiatimala. 22 5 figned to vifit : for the Spaniards have very little jin. i6«5. Trade by Sea beyond the River Lempa^ a little to ViOT^ the North Weft of this place. About 10 a clock in the morning, the fame day«, we went from hence, fteering Weft ward, being in company four Sail, as well as they who left us, viz. Captain Swan and his Bark, and Captain Toivnhy and his Bark, and about 340 Men. We met with very bad weather as we failed along this Coaft : feldom a day paft but we had cne or two violent Tornadoes, and -with them very ft ighD- fal Flaihes of Lightning and Claps of Thunder -, I did never meet with the like before nor fince. Thefe- Tornadoes commonly came out of the N. E. the Wind did not laft long, but olew very fierce for the time. When the Tornadoes were over we had the Wind at W.^ fometimcs at W. S. W. and S. W. and fometimcfi to the North of the Weft, as far as thcN.W. ^ We kept at a good diftance off (hoar, and faw. DO Land till the 14th day *, but then, b^ing in lat. 12 d. 50 m. the Volcan of Guatimala appeared in fight. This is a very high Mountain with two. peeks or heads appearing like two Sugar-loaves. Ic often belches forth Flames of Fire and Smoak from between the two heads *, and this, as the Spaniards do report, happens .chiefly in tempcftuou-s wcathe^^ It is called fo from^the City Guatamala, which ftandi, near the foot of it,about eightLeagues from the SoHth^ Sea, and by report, 40 or 50 Leagues from the Gulf of Matique in the B^y of Honduras, in the North-Seas. This City is famous for many rich Commodities that are produced thereabouts (feme- aimolt peculiar to this Country) and yearly fenc. irito Europe^ efpecially four rich Dyes, Indico, Otta |or Anatta, Silvefter, and Cochineel. Indico is made of an Herb which grows a Fobc [and half or two Foot high, full of fmali branches 1 Q. and I Indico, OtU or Jndtta. 216 >». 1685;. and ihe Blanches full of Leaves, refcnnbling; th« ^^^^^^^*** Leaves which grow on Flax, but more thick and fubdantial. The^ cut this Herb or Shrub and caft it into a large Ciilern made in the ground for that purpofc, which is half full of Water, The Indico StalK or Herb renr>ains in Che Water till all ti)c Leaves, and I think, the Skin, Rind, or Bark rot off, and in a manner diffolve ; but if anv of the Leaves (hould ftick faft, they force them oft by much labour, tofTing and tumbling the Mafs in the Water till all the pulpy fubftancc is diflblved. Then the Shrub, or woody part, is taken ouj, and the Water, which is like Ink, being diflurbed no more, fettles, and the Indico falls to the bottom of the Ciftevn like Mud. When it is thus fettled, they draw off the IVater, and take the Mud and lay it in the Sun to dry : which there becomes ]»ard, as you fee it brought home. Otta, or Anatta, is a red fort of Dye. It is made bf a red Flower that grows on Shrubs 7 or 8 Foot high. It is thrown into a Ciftern of Water as the Indico is, but with this difference, that there js no ftalk, nor fo much as the head of tlio Flower, but only the Flower it felf puU'd off from the head, as you peel Rofe-Ieaves fiom the bud. This remains in the Water till it rots, and by much jumbling it difTolves to a liquid fubftance, like the Indico; and being fettled, and the Water drawn off, the red MucT is made up into Rolls or Cakes, and laid i^n the Sun to dry. I did never fee any made but at a place called the /ifigeh in Jamaica^ at Sir^'homas AIu{iaiford*s Plantations, about 20 Years (ince ; buc was grubb*d up while I was there, and the Ground othcrwife employed. I do believe there is fion€ any where elfe on Javiaka: and even this pr«obably was owing to the SpamarJs, when they had that IHand. Indico is common enough in Jamaica, I obferved tiicy planted it mod in landy Ground : they Ibw great freat lars dico is 0frhei pirr mi IhtWet fhtivui Iwprovi Country ftfice bti 1 kiiow i t/emade ufed by the Man did ufe £( four Ri;^! Money: 1 'n Jattmici ^ound} ^ ^Uzh mej Traders ^'th the Captain L ''cgJnning dogwood, which ii landed wi houfe foJll w feverail raarki i>ea| t'jen iay /, thefc Shii «'ater. '>nd fupt ppecies, Qi limniedtacc Tsg the ick and ind caft for that • Indico i all tli€ iark rot V of the by much ic Water rhcn the t "Water, :, fettles, ftein like ff off the he Sun to o\2 f«e it It is made or 8 Foot Lter as the there is no awcr, but e head, as remains in imbling it le Indico i n off, the ,, and laid made but Sir I'homai I .fince-, but! the Ground is iion« any .obably waJ that Ifland. 1 obferved ; they Tow g.reat Indico, Otta dr Anatta. 117 ?^nt Field! of ic, and I think they few it every if»^i68f . m i but I did never fee the Seecis ic bears. In- dico it jproduced all over the IVefi-Indies^ on moft of the uaribhii Iflands, as well as the Main ( yet no part of thir Main yield* fuch great quantities both <>f Irf<&to and Octa as this Country about Guaiimala, I biliofk that Otta is made now only by the Spani- 4rds', (^ (kice the deftroying that at the Jfngels Plafiuui^n iff Jamaica^ I h^ive noc heard of any Iffoproveirienc made of this Commodity by our CouAtry-men any Where v and as to Jamaicat, I havt ftfice been informed, that 'tis wholly left off there. 1 kAow not what quantities either of Indico or OttA tfe made at Cuha or Hifpaniola : but the place moO: uffid by our Jamaica Sloops for thefe things ii the Ifland Porto Rico, where our Jamaica Traders did ufe Eo buy Indico for three Rials, and Octa fot four Riar.^ the Pound, which is but 2 ;. 3 ^. of our Money: and y^t at the fame time Orta was worth m Jamaica y. the Pound, and Indico 3 J. 6il.^t Pound} u d even thii alfo paid in Goods > by which meant alone they got 50 dt* 60 per Cent, Our Traders had not then K)und the way of trading with the Spaniards in the Bay of Honduras ; but Captain Coxtn went thither (as I take it; at tha beginning of the Year 1 679, uiider pretence to cut Logwood, and went into the Gulph of Matiquc^ wMch is in the bottc^m of chat Bay. There he landed with hil Canoas and took a whok Store- houfe full of Indico and Octa in Chells, piled up in feveral parcels, and marked with different marks feady to be (hipt off aboard two Ships chat then lay in the road purpofely to take ic in •, but thefc Ships could noc come ac him, ic being (hole- water. He opened feme of the ChefVs of Indico, and fuppofing the other Cheih to be al! of the fame Species, ordcredi his Men to carry them away. They immediatelf iet to work, and took the neareft ac 0^2 hand; lit Cocbintil Ah. 168$. hand •, and having earned out one Hett> df Chefti^ ^*^^>r^ they fcizcd on anotltcr great Pile of t difltrent Mark from the reft, intending to carry them away next. But a Spanijb Gentleman, their Prifoner, knowing that there was a great deal more than they could carry away, defired them to take only fucn IS belonged to the Merchants, Cwhofe Marks he undercook to fhew them) and to fpare fuch as had the fame Mark with thofe in that great Pile they were then entring upon ; becaufe, he faid, thole .Chefts belonged to the Ship-Captains, who fol- lowing the Seas, as thexnfelvcs did, he hoped they .would, for that rcafon, rather fpare their Goods thaa the Merchants. They confented to his Requcftj but ipon their opening their Chefts (which was jiot before they came to Jamfiica^ where by conni. vancc they were permitted to fell them) they found that the Von had ocen too fharp for them % the few Chefts which they had taken of the fame Mark 3vith the .great Pile proving to be Otta, of greater value by tar than the other } whereas they might as well have loaded the whole Ship With Otta, as with Indico. -li; c-.i.:.\ . • . :;. :" Thp Chocbineelxs'^nlri^Qdiy bred in a fort of Fruit much Jikc th^ Prickl'.-Pear. The Tree or Shrub < that boys it is like tt Prickle- Pear-Tree, about five >^ Foot high\; and fO prickly, only the Leaves are not quice:fo:big, but the Fruit IS; bigger. ,Pr>:thetop 4. -. ^^ ^'^ Fruit there grows a red Flower. :, This Flower, ';j '%,. :■ .whcui.tlK: Fruit is ripe,; falls down 04 the top of ^i-. the Fruit, which then begins to open,j and covers jt fo, that no Rain, nor Dew can wet the infidc. \ '1 he Jjjtot day, or two days after its falling down, the Flower being then fcorched away, by the he»t oPti^e Sun, the Fruit opens as broad a^thc mouth of a'$i(it-Pot, ;ind the infide of the Fruit^;*! by this tinic.ltj^^ol fmall red Jnfeds, with curious thin Wings., As thcyy-jYere bred here, fo here < tjiqy-l;y<)uid die m away •ri(bncr» Wi thcY nly fuch [arks he h as had Pile they id, thoie who fol- )pcd they oods than Rcqucfti ^rhich wai by conni- chcy found \ i the few imc Mark of pcater ;y might as Otta, as jrt of Fruit ; or Shrub |[ about five ^ves are not pi>*the top his Flower, the top of ajid covers ; the infidc. aiing down, by the heal IS the mouth uit 5 * by this sthinWings. »<)uld 4«, for -OTNl CoMneel. Silvejier. ii% for want of food, and rot in their husks, (having ^'^^^ by this time eaten up cheir Mother-Fruitj did not ^^ " the Indians^ who plane larse Fields of thefe Trees, v^hen once they perceive the Fruit open, cake care CO drive them out : for they fpread under the bran* ches of the Tree a large Linnen Cloth, and then with fticks they Hiake the branches, and fo difturb.thr poor Infers, that they take wing to begone, yet hovering dill over the head of their native Tree, but the heat of the Sun fo diforders them, that they prefently fall down dead on the Cloth fpread for diat purpofe, where the Indians let them remain two or three days longer, till they are thoroughly dry. When they fly up they are red, when they fall down they are black i and when iirft they are quire di7 they are white as the flieet wherein they lie, though the Colour change a little after. Thefe yield the much efteemed Scarlet. The Cochineel- trees are called by the Spaniard Toona's : Thev are planted in the Countrv about Guatimala, and about Cbfapeznd GuaxacUySLil three in the Kingdom ofMexi- The Silvefter is a red Grain growing in a Fruit ». much refembling the Cochineel-fruit v as doth alfo the Tree that bears it. There flrft (hoots forth a yellow Flower, then comes the Fruit, which is longer than the Cochinecl-fruit. The Fruit being jripe opens alfo very wide. The infide being full of ithefe fmall Seeds or Grains, they fall out with the , leaft touch or fhake. The Indians that gather them hold a Difli under to receive the Seec^ and then ihake it dpw;). Thefe Trees grow wild } and eight or M of theie Fruits will yield an Ounce of Seed: but )f the Cpchifieel-fruits, three or four will yield an )unce of Infers. The Silvefter gives a colour a}moft - fs fair as th? Cgchineel ; and folike it as to-be often liftaken for it, but it is not near fovaluaj^e. I ^jicn made enquiry how the Silvefter grqws, and the Cochin^eli but was never fully fs^risiied^ till. Jin. 13d ^rift-isjoody and Pumice- II ones. ^*j- 1 met a Spani/h Gentleman that had lived 20 Years in the Wefi'In^es^ and fome Years where thefe grow ; and from him I had tbefc relapons. He was a very intelligent Perfon, and pretended to be well ac- quainted in the Bay of Ompiachj j therefore I ex- amined him in many particulars concerning that Bay, wliere 1 was well acquainted my (elf. Jiving there three Years. He gave very true Jind pertinent anfwers to all my demands, fo that I coulq have no diftruft of what he related. When we firft faw the Mountain of GuatimaU^ vrt were b^ judgment 25 Leagues d(ftance from it. As we came nearer the Land it appeitr(jd hlgiher arj4 plainer, yet we faw no fir?, but a little SmoaJc prot cceding from it. The Land by thc^ Sea. vas of i good height, yf t but Mw in compurifon with that \n th? Country. The Sea for about eight or ten Leagues from the flio^r was full of floating Trees, or Drift- Wood, as it is called, (oi which I havefccfl a great deal, but no where fo much a$ here,) and Pumice-ftones floating, which probably are throwi; out of the burning Mountains, and walhed down ro the ftioar by the Rains,; which are very violent and frequent in tihis Country^; and on the fide of Hon* iur^i it is exccflivel) wet. Thi «4th Pay we were in lat. 14 d. %o m. Nor^h, and the Weather more fettled. Then Capt?iin town- ky took with him 106 Men in nine Canoas, and went :>W37 lo the Wcftward, where he intended tp land, ^nd somage in the Country for fome refrefh*, m^rit for our fi^k Men, we having at this time nean half our Men fick, and many wcfc dead fince wc left Ria Lexa. Wc in the Ships lay ft^ll with our TopfaHs f urlcd, and our Corfcs or lower Sails hal'd ^\p this Pav and the next, that; Captap;i To^nlin might get the flart of u$. I The 26th T>iy we made fail again, cpaftingtd the Weftward, having the Wind at North and fm ' ' weather. wcatht which than ^ uicon a prett Thd Countr for Cat (ofgreei Here tl 6ndy f high, a niakiAg or Canti Land, 1 to the We lay lafie fflti Thf great were fof( the nighi warrt) i t| ftll on tx Mdc ^rj TheSea-Coaft. i%\ weather. Wc ran along by a traift bf very hjgh Land« ^^ i68 j- which came from the Eaftward^ more within Land Chan we could fee ', after ^ feii in with it, it bare \xi company for about 'lo Leagubs, and ended with a pretty gentle defceht towards the Weft. There we had a perfe£b view of a pleafant low Country, which Icemed {o be rich in Pafturagi? for Cattle^ It was plentifully fumi(hed with Groves of green Trees, mixt among the graiTy Siirannahs : Here the Land was fenced from the &a with high (andy Hills, for che Wives all along this Coaft run high, and beat againft the ihoai: vciy boifteroufly, ynakiAg the Land wholly unapproachable in Boats or Candas : So We eoafted ftitl along by this low Land, €ighl or nine Leagues farther, keeping clofe to the (H<}ar for fear of milline Capt. Townigy, We la^ by m tht Night, and in the Buy made ah leariefail The 2d Day 6f OSfoher Captain ^owhky came «• board i he had coafted along ihoar in his Canoas« Utking fat ail encTance, but found none. At laft, i)eing out of ho^es to find any Bay, Creek, or RU Ver, into which he might fafely enter i he put a- ihoar oh A fandy Bay» but overfet all his Canoas : He ha4 one Man drowned, and feveral loft their Arms, and fome of them that had not waxt up their Cartage or Catouche Boxes, wet all their powder. Captain townUy with much ado got ak ihoar, aAd dragged the Canoas up dry on the Bay ; liven every Man fearched his Catouche-box^ ancjl drew the Wet Powder out of his Gun, and pro- vided to march into the Country, but finding it full of great Creeks which they could not ford, they were forced to return again to their Canoas. In the night they made good Fires to keep themfelves wariln > the tuixx. morning 200 Spaniards and Indiana fell on themv but were immediately repulied, and in^de greater fjpeed t?ack than they hs^d done for- 0^4 ward, 23 2 IJIe T^ngoU, Guatuico, a 'Port. ^n. i68f . ward. Captain Towftky followed them, but not far ^'^^y^^ for fear of his Canoas. Thefe Men came frmxTt- guantapeque^ a Town that Captain TdwnUy went chiefly to feek, becaufe the Spanijh Booki make- mention of a large River there; but whether it was run away at this time, or rather Captain TownUy and his Men were fhortTfighted, I know pot ; but .theycouldnotfind.it. XJpon his return we prefently made fail, coafline ftill Weft ward, having the Wind at .E. N. E. fair weather-and a frefh gale. We kept within two Mile of the Ihoar, founding all the way -, and fbund at fix .Miles diftance from Land 19 Fathom 5 at eight Miles diftance 21 Fathom, grofsSandi We faw -lio opening, nor fign of any place to land at, fo we failed about 20 I>eagues farther, and came to a fmall high 16and called Tangola, where there is good an- choring. The Ifland is indifferently well furnilhcd with Wood and Water, and lieth about a League .from the fhoar. TJie Main againft the Ifland is .pretty high champion Savannah Land by the Sea j but two or three Leagues within Land it is higher, and very woody. , We coafted a League farther and came to Guatuico. This Port is in lat. 15 d. 30 m. it isone of the belt in all this Kingdom of Mexico. Near a Mile from the mouth of the Harbour, on the Eaft-fide, there is a little libnd clofe by the fhoar ; and on the Weft- fide or the mouth of the Harbour there is a ^reat hollow Rock, which by the continual work- ing df the Spa in and out makes a great.noife, which inay be heard a great way. Every Surge that comes jn forccth the Water out of a little hole, on its top, 4s out of a Bipe, from whence it flies outjuft like the blowijig of a Whale.; tp which the Spaniards alio liken ir. They.cal] this Rock and lfpo\>t the Buffadore: upon ^iiat. account I );np^ lippi , : pvee s [) Guatulco, >f the beft Mile from fide, there nd on the there is a mal wprk- )irc, which that comes )n its top, vit juft \^^^ Spout the :3 V'..^ Guatulco.' Capalita Ri'ver, 23; ihtl|£calineft Scafons the Sea beats in there, ma- -*» 1695. king^c Water fpout at the hole : fo that this is '-'^VV always a good Mark to find the Harbour by. The •Hafbouf is about three Mile deep, and one Mile broad 5 it runs in N. W. But the Weft-fide of the Harbour is beft to ride in for fmall Ships ; for there you may ride land-locked : whereas any where elfe you are open to theS. W. Winds, which often blow hefe. There is good clean ground any where, and good gradual foundings from 16 to 6 Fathom i it is bounded with a fmooth fandy Ihoar, very good to land at } and at the bottom of the Harbour there is a fine Brook of frefti Water runniijg into the Sea. Here formerly ftood a fmall Spanijh Town, or Vil- lage, whiclji was taken by Sir Francis Drake : but now there is nothing riemaining of it, befide a little Chapel ftanding among the Trees, about 200 paces from the Sea. The Land appears in fmall (hort ridges parallel to the Ihoar, ari(! to each other ; the innermoft ftill gradually higher than that nearer the flioar i and they are all cloathed with very high flourifliing Trees, that it is extraordinary plea- fane and delightful to behold at a diftance: I have no where feen any thing like it. At this place Captain Swan, who had been very fick, came aihoar, and all the fick Men with him, land the Surgeon to tend them. Captain Townhy again tooj^ a company of Men with him, and went I into the Country po feek for Houfes or Inhabitants. He marched away to the Eaftward, and came to the River Capalita : which is a fwift River, yet deep near the n^ outh, ar^d is about a League fromGuatulco, iThcre two of his Men fwan> over the River, and took khree Indians that >vere placed ther^, 7^% Centinels, to patch .for our coming. * ' Thefc could none of pcm fpeak Spanijh ; yet our Men by Signs mad9 ^em underftandj that they defired to know if there n% any Town or Village near j who by the Signs 234 Turtle, Viniiys >»• *i?5» which thev made gave our Men to underftand, that ' they toula guide them to a Settlement: but there was nor underftandine by themi whether it was a Spanijb or Indian Settlement, nor how far it was thi- ther. They brought thefe Indians aboard with them, and the next Day, which was the 6th Day of 0^^ her. Captain Towniey with 140 Mrn (of whom I was one; went a/hoar again, ticking one of thefe Indians with us for a Guide to ConduA us to this Settlement. Our Men that ftay'd aboard fillM our V/ater, and cut Wood, and mended our Sails: an4 our Moskito Men ftruck three or four Turtle every Day. They were a fmall fort of Tifrtle, and not very fweet, yet very well efteemed by us all, becaufc we had eaten no Fleih a great while. The 8 th Day we returned out of the Country, hairing been about 14 Miles direAIy within Land before we came to any Settlement. There we found a fmall Indian Village, and in it a great quantify of Vinelio's drying in the Sun. The Vinello is a little Cod full of fmall black Seeds *, it is four or five Inches long, about the bjgt ncfs of the ftf m of a Tobacco L-nT , and when dried much refembling it : fo that 3ur Privateers at firft have often thrown them away when they took any, wondering why the Spaniards (faould lay up To^ ]bacco ftems. This Cod grows on a fmall Vifte, which climJis aljout and Tupports it felf by the licignbouring Trees: icfirft bears a yellow FJol^cr, ifrom whence the Cod afterwards proceeds. It hi iirft green, but when ripe it turns yellow •, then thw^*^ J^^^ '^' Indians (whofe Manufacture it is, and who fell itB'J^"^'^^''wi (Cheap tp the Spaniards) gather it, and lay it in theBp ^^ W ?urt* which makes it foft; then it changes to«?'"eStonL phefnut-colour, Jl^^^n they frequently prefs it bcrl"'^ * wes fwecn their fingers, which makes it flat. If the Im ^^^ ' JtJ Ifiansio any thing to them befide, I krtow not ; buB'^y^"' J^nol 1 Jjavc feen the Spamards Qeek them with Oil. Pf ' ?^'*^'*c' Thefe I have % not- wfi jbme 3e hare oftc but I ne\ Mr. Cree Spanijh w and feven hrtohel z could no Could we would ha^ ftafon anc We there ; and flore < thofe 2.tBoi Caibooca, i found. TJ a Cod amc ap fold b^ among Ch them amo /cent. I k thii Co tSJV, The Indik Spanifi, pie: and r yinelletsy where fmmd. ^%$ thefc Vines grow plentifbljy at 9^fr«^/^9/ where ■, the yellow and the red. Seals here. Of the River of Cullacan, and the Trade of a Town there with Ci\'iiotm2L. Maflaclau. River and Town of Rolario. Caput Cavalli, and ano- ther Hill. The difficulty of Intelligence on this Coafl. The River (?/*01ctta. River of St. Jago. ^^Maxentelba Rock, and ZqW^qq Hill. Sanchored there. This is a broad open Bayv \\kh two or three Rocks at the Weft-fide. Here is anchoring aU over the Bay, in 30 or 20 or 12 l&thom. Watery but you muft ride open to all Win(ls, except the Land- Winds, till you come inta luor 13 fathom Water; then you are Iheltered mm the W. S. W. which are the common Trade IWinds. The Tide rifeth here about five Foot $ the blood fets to the N. £. and the Ebb to the S. W. IXhA landing in this Bay is bad^ the place of land- iflg is clbfe by the Weft-fide, behind a few Rocks ; ^lere always, goes a gceat SwelL The Spaniards com- pare this Harbour for goodnefs to Gtta^lco^ but here is a great difference between tncm. For imtuko is almoft Landlocked, and this an open and no one would eaOly know it by their Cha% i(kr of it, but by its Marks and its Latitude, which 15 d. North. For this reafon our Canoas, which be fent from Guatulco and ordered to tarry here ^rus, did not know it, (not thinking this to be ^at fine Harbour) and therefore went Srther j two them, ai I faid before^ rieturned again^ but the. other '^f?r 140 A Farm. Jdctalsl >fc^|68j other two wcfc not yet come to us. The Land that ' bounds this Harbour is pretty high, the Earth fandy and yellow, in fome places red \ it is partly Wood, land, partly Savannahs. The Trees in the Woods are large and tall, and the Savannahs are plenti- fully ftorcd with very kindly Grafs. Two Leagues to the Eaftof this place is a Beef Farm, belonging to Bon Diego de la Rofa, The 23d Day we landed about 100 Men and march- ed thither, where we found plenty of fat Bulls and Cows, feeding in the Savannahs, and in the Houfe good (lore of Salt and Maiz ; and fome Hogs, and Cocks and Hens : but the Owners or Overfecrs were gone. Wi: lay here two or three Days fcafting on frelh. Provifion, but could not contrive to carry any quan- tity aboard, becaufe the Way was fo long, and our Men but weak, and a great wide River to ford. Therefore we return'd again from thence the 26th Day, and brought every one a little Beef or Fork! for the Men that ftay'd aboard. The two Nights that we ftay'd aflioar at this place we heard grcitj droves of Jaccals, as we fuppos'd them to be, bark- ing all Night long,, notfar fiom us. None of usl law thcfe ; but I do verily believe they were Jaccals J tho* I did never lee thofe Creatures in America^ norl hear any but at this time. We could not think thatj there were lefs than 30 or 40 in a company. Wc got aboard in the Evening-,, but did, not yet hear any news of our two Canoas. : The 27th Day in the Morning wc failed fron hence, with the Land-Wind at N. by W. The SeaJ Wind came about Noon at W. S. W. and in the EvcnJ ing wc anchored in .x6 Fathom Water, by a fmalj rocky Idand, which lieth about half a Mile fron the. Main, and fix Leagues Weftward from Porti^«j ^Is. . The S^aniardi give no account of this Iflan \ti their Pilotrbook. The 28th Day wc failed agaii| with the Land Wind: in the. Afternoon the Set d march- Bulls and be Houfc logs, and fecrs were igonfrefK any quan- , and our r to ford. e the 26ih cf or Pork I wo Nights kcard great kbc, bark- ^ore of us jre Jaccalsi] merica^ norl t think that! ipany. "^^1 ,ot yet hcarj failed frot Sf. ThcSeaj intheEvcnj by a ftnaij la MileW rom Portion >f this Iflai c failed agaii lOOn thcSci t)rcci breeze blew hard,and we fpningour Main Top-maft. ^«»- >^S* This Coaft is ftiU of fmall Hills and Valleys, and a ^-'^/^ great Sea falls in upon the Shore. In the Night we met with the other two of our Canoas that went from us at Guatulco, They had been as far as Acapuko to fctk Port An^eh, Coming back from thence they went into a River to get Water, and were encounte- red by 150 Spaniards^ yet they filled their Water in (bight of them, but had one Man fh6t through the Thigh. Afterward they went into a Lagune, or Lake of Salt-water, where they found much dried Filh, and brought fome aboard. Wc being now a- breaft of that. place, fent in a Canoa mann'd with twelve Men for more Fifli. The Mouth of this La- gune is not Piftol'fhot wide, and on both fides are pretty high Rocks, fo conveniently placed by Na* ture, that many Men may abfcond behind ; and With- in the Rock and Lagune opens wide on both fides. The Spaniards being alarmed by our two Canoas that had been there two or three Days before, came arm- ed to this Place to fee g re their Fifh ; and feeing our Canoa coming, they lay fnug behind the Rocks, and AiiFered the Canoa to pafs in, then they fired their Volley, and wounded five of our Men. Our People were a little furprized at this fudden Adventure, yet fired their Guns, and rowed farther into the Lagune, for they durft not adventure to come out -^^ again thro' the narrow Entrance, which was near a (garter of a Mile in length. Therefore they rowed into the Middle of the Lagune, where they lay out of Gun-fhot, and looked about to fee if there was not another PafTagc to get out at, broader than that by which they entred, but could fee none. So they lay ftill two Days and three Nights, iii hopes that we Ihould come to feek them \ but wc lay off at Sea, about three Leagues diftant, waiting fop their return, fuppoiing by their long abfcnce, thac they had made fome. gf#a.icr Dilcovery, an^ wer« Vol. L R gone 34 s Snooks, a fort of Fijb. ^m. 1685. gone farther than the Fi(h-Range i becaufe i^ is ufual ''^ with Privateers whe^i they enter upon fuch Dcfigns, to fc»rch farther t;han they propofcd, if they meet any Encouragement. But Captain Townley and his Bark being nearer the Shore, heard fome Guns fired in the Lagune. So he mann'd his Canoa, and went towards the Shore, and beating the Spanhrds away from the Rocks, made a free Paflage for our Men to come out of their Pound, where elfe they muft have been ftarved or knocked on the Head by the Spaniards, They cj^me aboard their Ships again the 31ft of O£fober. This Lagune is about the Lut. of 16 d. 40 m. North. -T From hence we made fail again, coafting to the Weftward, having fair Weather and a Current fct- ting to the Weft. The fecond Day of November we paft by a Rock, called by the Spaniards the Algatrofs. The Land hereabout is of an indifferent height, and woody, and more within the Country mountainous. Here are feven or eight white Cliffs by the Sea, which are very remarkable, bccaufe there are none fo white and fo thick together on all the Coaft. They are five or fix Mile to the Weft of the Algatrofi }lpck. There is a dangerous Shoal lieth S. by W. from thefe CliflFs, four or five Mile off at Sea. Two Jyeagucs to the Weft of thefe Cliffs there is a pretty krgeRiyer, which forms a fmall Ifland at itsMouth. rjThe Channel on the Eaft-fidc is butfiioal and fandy, but the W^eft Channel is deep enough for Canoas to enters On the Banks of this Channel the SpamrJs tiaye made a Breaft-work, to hinder an Enemy from koding or filling Water. . The 3 d Day we anchored abrcaft of this River, in iJ4 patliooi Water, about a*Mile and half off Shore. iThe nextrMorning we mann'd our Canoas, and wentaftiore to the Breaft-work with little Refiftancf,' jiJcho!xhere were about 200 Men to keep us off. They :fired ai)cuit tweaiy or thirty Guns ar us, but feeing w: lire wcr One chi( routed I pcriors with Bn arms, ft unlefs nc great de; to fait Fi Fi/h I o Snooks, very nun I about a f fmall of a hath Scali How the never fou yet any Ba this Coaft, plco. We mar try, and it, ■Mulatto, pj was lately! Cant. Tow\ he had an I perfuade h| Harbour c Therefore] not only , l^t'tmany \h'aH oppc pS he tho^ 'Joyed in ^fre was pi jow were,/ hf'r, whf "li^^re it waf is ufuat )cfign5, ' cy meet and his ins Bred ndwent 'ds away )ur Men ley muft iby the igain the : Lat. of ng to the irrent fct- uemher we Jlgatrofs. tight, and untainous. r the Sea, 5 are none paft. They te Jlgatrofi S. by W. Sea. Two ; is a pretty its Mouth. and fandy, r Canoas to Lnemy from his River, in dfoflf Shore. :anoas, and 2 Rdiftance, us off. They 1, but feeing < W.' the SiS'C^aft. 14$ Vc were rcfolvcd to land, they auittcd the Place j AnA6%f, one chief Reafon why the Spaniards are fo frequently routed by us, although many times much our Svh periors in Numbers, and in many places fortified with Bread-works, is, their want of fmall Ftrei* arms, for they have but few on all the Sea Coafh^ unlefs near their larger Garrifons. Here we found a great deal of Salt, brought hither, as I judge, for to fait Filh, which they take in the Lagunes. The Filh I obferved here moftly, where what we call Snooks, neither a Sea-fi(h nor frefh "Watcr-fifli, but very numerous in thefe fait Lakes. This Fifh is about a Foot long, and round, and as thick as the fmall of a Man's Leg, with a pretty long Head : It hath Scales of a'whitifh Colour, and is good Meat. How the Spaniards take them I know not, for we never found any Nets, Hooks or Lin^s j neither yet any Bark, Boat, or Canofi among them, on all this Coaft, except the Ship I ihall mention at Aca- plco. '■ We marched two or three Leagues into the Coun- try, and met with but one Houfe, where we took a ■Mulatto. PHfoner, who informed us of a Ship that was lately arrived at Acapuko \ Ihe came from Lima, iCapt. Townely wanting a good Ship, thought now he had an opportunity of getting one, if he could perfnade his Men to venture with him into the Harbour of Acapulco, and fetch this Lima Ship out. Therefore he immediately propofed it, an4 found hot only all his owi Men willing to aflift him; but many of Captain 5w/z«'s Men alfo. Captain \k'an oppofedit, becaufc Provifion being fcarce with p, he thought our time might be much better em- ployed in firft providing our felves with Food, and [lere was plenty of Maiz in the River, where we »ow were, as we were informed by the fame Pri» foner, who offered to condu(fl Us to the Place vhere it was. Bat neither the prefcnt Ncceffity, nor R 2 Cap- ^•VXl 344 Acapulco^ f^lJ^^' Captain SwatC% PerfuaHon availed any thing, no nor " ^'*^ * yet their own Intereft \ for the great Defign we had then in Hand, was to He and wait for a rich Ship which comes to Acapulco every Year richly laden from the Philippine IHands. But it wasnecelTary we fhould be well Hored with Providons, to enable us to cruife about, and wait the Time of her coming. However, fownley's Party prevailing, we only fil- led our Water here, and made ready to be gone. So the 5th Day in the Afternoon we failed again, coafting to the Weftward, towards Acapulco, The 7th Day m the Afternoon, being about twelve Leagues from the Shoar, we (aw the high Land of Acapulco^ which is very remarkable : for there is a round Hill ftanding between two other Hills •, the Weftermofl of which is the biggeft and higheft, and hath two Hillocks like two Paps on its Top : the Eaftermoft Hill is higher and (harper than the Mid- dlemofl. From the middle Hill the Land declines toward the Sea, ending in a high round Point. There is no Land (haped like this on all the Coalt. In the Evening Captain townley went away from the Ships with 140 Men in twelve Canoas, to try to get the Lima Ship out of Acapulco Harbour. Acapulco is a pretty large Town, 1 7 deg. North of the Equator. It is the Sea-Port for the City of I Mexico f on the Weft-fide of the Continent ; as la Vera Cruz, or St John d^Ulloa in the Bay of N(fl3i\ hi/pania, is on the North-fide. This Town is the only place of Trade on all this Coaft ; for there is little or no Traffick by Sea on all the N. W. Part of| this vafi; Kingdom, here being, as I have faid, nei- ther Boats, Barks nor Ships, (that I could ever fee ji unlefs only what com<: hither from other Parts, andl fome Boats near the S. £. End of California -, as ll cuefs, by the Intercourfe between that and the Mm] for Pcarl-fifhing. The arrives Eg. North ic City of snt; as la of Novt iwn is the ,r there is .Part of . faid, nci- Id ever fee) Parts, and ^ornia-, as^ thcMain.1 The Ships that Trade with Manila. The Ships that Trade hither arc only three, two "j^ZJ^^ that conftantly go once a Year between this and **^^^»* Manila in Luconia^ one of the Philippine Iflands, and one Ship more every Year to and from Lima, This from Lima commonly arrives a little before Chriftf mas; (he brings them Quick-filver, Cacoa, af(d Pieces of Eight. Here (he (lays till the Manila Ships arrive, and then takes in a Cargo of Spices, Silks, Callicoes, and Muflins, and other Eaft-India Commodities, for the Vk of Peru^ and then re- turns to Lima, This is but a fmall VelTel of twenty- Guns, but the two Manila Ships are each (aid to be above lOoo Tun. Thefe make their Voyages alternately, (b that (one or other of them js always at the Manili^s, When either of them fets out from Acapulcoy it is at the latter End of March, or the Beginning of April ; (he always touches to re- frefh at Guam^ one of the Ladrone Iflands, in about fixty Days fpace after (he fets out. There (he ftays but two or three Days, and then profecutes her Voyage to M((i»«7 ■ . ' . end •^^ 5P^/ Marqtfis; ' 1^7 t^d with all their Lives ; for on a fudden tliey were ^n.i6ft^, cncountred 'with a violent Tornado from the Shore, L^VSI which had like to have foundered all the Canoas t but they cfcaijed that Danger, and the feCond Night got fafe into Port Marquts.' Port Marquis is a very good Harl?our, a League to the Eaft' of. Acapuke Harbour. Here they ftaid all the next Dky vo dry themfelves,' their Cloaths, their Arms and Ammu- nition, and the next Night they rowed foftly into Acapulco}r{2irho\iv\ and becaufp they would not be heard, they hal*din their Oars, and paddled as foftiy as if they had been feeking Manatee. They paddled dofe to the Caftle ', then ftruck over to the Town,' and found the Ship riding between the Breaft-v;ork and the Fort, within abbtft ahundred Yard^; of each. When they had well viewed her, and confide- rcd the linger of the Defign, they thought it not poflible to iccomplilh. it •, therefore they paddled foftly back Again, till they were out of command ot the Forts, ' and then they went to Land, and fell in among a Company oi Spanijh Soldiers (for the Spaniard^ having feen them the Day before, had fet Guards along the Coaft ) who immediately fired at them, but did them no damage, only made them retire farther from the Shore. They Jay aft<^^ i wardr none of vhcn they a fort of ow from thatching irviceable, rhatch, if *, and this saL The Whether the Palm- It it is like all peeked cy9, which 7eft-er.d of > the Sea: A littie to ■nd Rqcks, :ween them en Fathom N. W. Tide 70 Men of or fourteen Miles. . Jew-fifh. Chequetam 349 Miles. There we came to a poor Indian Village •^»« i69f that did not afford us a Meal of Visuals. The Peo- ^^/^ pie all fled, only aAftf/^// two fmall Pares. It is in lat . 18 d. 8 m.- North. Th€- Sfamards make mention of a Town called Tbelufm' near this Hili, which we would have vifitfed if Wf: could have found the way to it. The 26th Tki Captain Swan and Captain ^owniey^ with 206 MenV of whom I was one, went in our Canoas to feek foi* the City of Colima, a rich Place by report, but how fir within Land I could never leatn : For as I faid- before, here is no Trade by Sea, and therefore we- could never get Guides to inform us, or conduct us- I to any Town, but one or two, on this Coaft : and there is never a Town that lieih open to the Sea but' Ucapuico ; and therefore ourfearch was commonly fruitlefs, as now j for we rowed above 20 Le::gue$ along Ihoar, and found it a very bad Coaft tO' |Land. We faw no Houfe, nor fign of Inisabitants, ilthough we paft by a fine Valley, called the VaN- iey of Magueila ; only at two Places, the one at our irll fetting out on this Expedition, and the other It the end of it, we faw a Horfeman fet, as wefup- Jofed, as a Centinel, to watch us. At both Places ^e landed with difficulty, and at each Place we tol- lowed the track of the Horie on the fandy Bay •, m where they entered the Vv^oods we loll the crack, id although we diligently fearcht for it, yet we could ill '4n. 16 252 TJIfe Volcan and Valley of Colima. K 1695. could find it no more ; fo we were perfefbly at a lofs to find out the Houfes or Town they came from. The 28th Day, being tired and hopekfs to find any Town, we went aboard our Ships, that were now come abrcft of the Place where we were \ for always when we leave our Ships, we either or« der a certain Place of Meeting, or elfe leave them a Sign to know where we are, by making one or more great Smoaks ; yet we had all like to have been ruined by fuch a fignal as this, in a former Voyage under Captain Sharpy when we made that unfortunate Attempt upon -^^riV^, which is mention- ed in the Hiftorj of the Buccaneers, For upon the routing our Men, and taking feveral of them, fome of thofe fo taken told the Spaniards^ that it was agreed between them and their Companions on board, to make two great Smoaks at a diftance from each 0- ther, as foon as the Town fhould be taken, as a lignal to the Ship, that it might fafely encer the Harbour. The Spaniards made thefe Smoaks prc- icntly : I was thei¥ among thofe who ftaid on board ; and whether the fignal was not fo exa^Iy made, or fome other Difcouragement happened, I remem. ber not, but we forbore going in, till we faw our fcattered Crew coming off in their Caiioas. Had we entered the Port upon the falfe Signal, we mull have been taken or funk ; for we muft have paft clofe by the Fort, and could have had no Wind to bring us out, till the Land- Wind ftiould rife in the| Wight. But to our prefent Voyage : After we came a- board we faw the Volcan of Colma, This is a very| high Mountain, i.i about 18 d. 36 m. North, ftand- ing five or fix Leagues from the Sea, in the midftl of a pleafaht Valley, It appears with tv/o lharp Peeks, fron) each of which there do alwr.ys iffuel Flames of Fir'^ or Smoak, The Valley ih which this! Volcan ftai?ds, is caJJcd the Valley of Colima, froml th?| en, as a enter the oaks prc- )n board i made, or I remenv e fa^v our aas. Had ' we muft' have paftl o Wind to rife in the] re came a- lis is a very >rth, ftand- the midft tvvo ftiarp^ ilwr.ys iffue , which this olima^ fro"^ ^//iry of Coliiha.' 255 the Town it fclf which ftands there not far from the ^»- >^5* Volcan. The Town is faid to be great and rich, the ^^/VNJ chief of all its Neighbourhood : And the Valley in which it is feated, by the relation which the Spani- ards give of it, is the moft pleafant and fruitful Val- ley in all the Kingdom of Mexico. This Valley is about ten or twelve Leagues wide by the Sea, where it makes a fmall Bay : but how far the Vale runs in- to the Country I know not. It is faid to be full of Cacoa-Gardens, Fields of Corn, Wheat, and Plan- tain-Walks. The neighbouring Sea is bounded with a fandy (hoar j but there is no going aflioar for the violence of the Waves. The Land within it is low all along, and woody for abo\H two Leagues from the Eaft-fide •, at the end of the Woods there is 3 deep River runs out into the Sea, but it hath fuch a great Bar, or fandy Shoal, that when we were here, no Boat or Canoa could poflibly enter, the Sea running t>b high upon the Bar : otherwife, I judge, we ihould have made fome farther Difcovery into this pleafant Valley. On the Wefl-fide of the River the Savannah-land begins, and runs to the o- ther fide of the Valley. We had but little Wind when we came aboard, therefore we lay off this Bay that Afternoon and the Night enfuing. The 29th Day our Captains went away from our Ships with 200 Men, intending at the ^rft conveni- ent Place to land and fcarch about for a Path : For the Spani/h Books make mention of two or three o- iherTowns hereabouts, efpecially one called Sallagua^ to the Weft of this Bay. Our Canoas rowed along as near the fhoar as they could, but the Sea went fohigh that they could not land. About 10 or 11 a Clock, tvvo Horfemen came near the fhoar, and one of them took a Bottle out of his Pocket, and drank to our Men. While he was drinking, one of our Men fnatch*d up his Gun, and let drive at hinu and kiird his Horfe : So his Confort immediately 2 fet i54 ^^^^ ^f Sallagual. 'An. ^85. fct Spurt to his Horfe and rode awtiy\ leaving tht other to come after a Fool But h? being booted, made but flow hafte ; therefore two ot our Men itript themfejves, and fwam aflioar to take him. But he nad a Macheat, or long Knife, wherewith he kept them both from feizin^ him, they having no- thing in their Hands wherewith to defend themfelves; or oiTend him. The 30th Day our Men came all aboarl again, for they could not find any Place to land in. ' The firft Day of 'December we pafTed by the Port ofSallagua. This Port is in lat. 18 d. 52 m. It is only a pretty deep Bay, divided in the middle with a rocky Point, which makes, as it were, two Har- bours. Ships may ride fecurely in either, but the Weft Harbour is the beft : there is good Anchoring any wherein 10 or 12 Fathom, and a Brook of frefh Water runs into the Sea. Here we faw a great new thatched Houfe, and a great many Spaniards both Horfe and Foot, with Drums beating, and Co- lours flying in defiance of us, as we [^thought. We took no notice of them till the next Morning, and then we landed about 200 Men to try their Cou- rage ; but they prefently withdrew. The Foot ne- ver ftay'd to exchange one Ihot, but the Horfemen ftay'd till two or three were knock'd down, and then they drew off^, our Men purfuing them. At laft two of our Men took two Horfes that had loft thdr Riders, and mounting them, rode after the Spaniards. £a\\ drive till they came among them, thinking to have taken a Prifoner for Intelligence, but had like to have been taken themfelves : for four Spaniards furrounced them, after they had difcharged their Pi- ftols, and unhorfed them -, and if fome of our bed Footmen had not come to their refcue, they muft have yielded, or have been killed. They were both cut in two or three Places, but their Wounds were rt(>t mortal. The four Spaniards got away before our i-' Men :he Port I. It is ile with vo Har- but the [ichoring Loffrelh reat new irds both and Co- tht. We ling, and leir Cou- Foot ne- :lorfemen wn, and 1. Atlaft loft their Spaniarii inking to t had like Spaninrdi i their Pi- f our beft they muft were both unds were before our Men Oftha. The Author Ukenjick, 155 Men. cduld hurt them, and mounting their Horiei, ^». 1685. fpecdcd ftifjcr their Conforts, who were marched away ^^^)r^ into the Country. Our Men finding a broad Road leading into the Country, followed it about four Leagues in a dry ftony Country, full of fhort Wpod \ but 5nding no fign of Inhabitants, they re- turned again. In their way back they took twoilfir- Um\ who were not able to march as faft as their Conforts ; therefore they had (kulkcd in the Woods, and by that means thought to have efcaped our Men. Thefe Prifoncrs informed us, that this great Road did lead to a great City called Oarrha, from whence many of thofe Horfcmen before fpokcn of came : That this City was diftant from hence, as far as a Horfc will go in four Days -, and that there is no place of Confequence nearer : That the Coun- try is very poor, and thinly inhabited. They faid Jib, that thefe Men came to affift the Pbillipine Ship, that was every Day expedted here, to put a- lliore Paflengers for Mexico. The Spanijh Pilot- Books mention a Town alio called Sallagua hcre- ibouts; but we could not find it, nor hear any thing of it by our Prifoners. We now intended to cruifr off Cape Corrienies, to wait for the Pbillipine Ship. So the 6th Day of Wicember we fee fail, coafting to the Weftward, to- wards Cape Corrientes. We had fair Weather, and but little Wind ; the Sea-Breczes at N. W. and the Land-wind at N. The Land is of an indifferent Heighth, full of ragged Points, which at a Diftance appear like Iflands: The Country is very woody, |but the Trees are not high, nor very big. Here! was taken fick of a Fever and Ague that afterwards turned to a Dropfy, which I laboured inder a long time after ', and many of our Men died^ )f this.Diftcmper, though our Surgeons ufed their jreateft Skill to preferve their Lives. The Dropfy is ' general.Dillemper on this Coaft,.and the Native* - - fay, '->. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I |45 us ■ 56 |2£ 1 2.5 2.0 im L25 1.4 III 1.6 * 6" ► ^ # /I °m •M 7 Photographic Sciences Ccaporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14510 (716)872-4503 25tf *ape Corrientts. >68s. fay, that the beft Remedy they can find for it, is the Stone or Cod of an AUegator ( of which they have four, one near each Leg, within the Flefli^ pulverized and drunk in Water : This Receipt we alfo found mentioned in an Almanack made at Mexico: \ would have tried it, but we found no Allegators here, though there are feveral. There are many good Harbours between Salh- gua and Cape Corrientes *, but we palTed by them all. As we drew near the Cape, the Land by the Sea ap. peared of an indifferent heighth, full of white Cliffs } but in the Country the Land is high and barren, and full of (harp peeked Hills, unpleafant to the fight. To the Weft of this ragged Land is a Chain of Mountains running parallel with the Shore ; they end on the Weft with a gentle Defcent \ but on the Eaft-fide they keep their heiehth, ending with a hich fteep Mountain, which hatn three Tma!! iharp peeked Tops, fomewhat refembling a Crown •, and therefore called by the Spaniards^ Coronada, the Crown Land. The I ith Day we were fair in fight of Cape Cor- rienteSy it bore N. by W. and the Crown Land bore | North. The Cape is of an indifferent heighth, with i fteep Rocks to the Sea. It is flat and even on the Top, cloathed with Woods: The Land in the Country is high and doubled. This Cape lierh inj ^o d. S m. North. I find its Longitude from 'Tern- riff to be 230 d. 56. m. but I keep my Longitude! Weftward, according to our Courfe •» and accord- ing to this reckoning, I find it is from the L/z^tr^in England 111 d. 41 m. fo that the Difference of time | is eight Hours, and almoft fix Minutes. Here we had refolved to cruise for the Pbilipitiel Ship, becaufe (he always makes this Cape in herl Voyage homeward. Wc were, ( as I have faid ) fourj Ships m Company ; Captain Swan, and his Tender J Captain ^ownley , and his Tender. It was for ^rdcrcd en Salh' diem all. icSeaap- of white high and inpleafant Land is a with tk • Dcfcenti Lh, ending direc fmall » a Crown i ronadat the ' Cape Cor- I Land bore [ighth, with 5vcn on the I and in the I Eipe licth in I Longitude and accord- 1 ticLfeflriiinI •cnccoftt'tn«| IJks of Chjunttly. ^S7 ordered, that Capuin ^w^w fliould lye eight or ten ^$»f. Leagues off ihore, and the reft about a League di- ftant each from other, between him and the Cape, that fo we might not mifs the Philippine Ship j but we wanted Provifion, and therefore we fcnt Capt. TflWw/tf/sBark, with 50 or 60 Men to the Weft of the Cape, to fearch about for fome Town or Planta- tions, where we might get Provifion of any fort. The reft of us in the mean time cruifing in our Statbns. The 17th Day the Bark came to us again, but had got nothing, for they could not get about the Cape, becaufe the Wind on this Coaft is com- ijttonly oetween the N. W. and theS.W. which makes it very difficult getting to the Weft ward y but they left four Canoas with 46 Meu at the Cape, who re- folved to rov; to the Weft ward. The x 8 th Day wc failed to/ the Keys of Cbametly to fill our Waters The Keys or Iflands of Cbametly are about 16 or 18 Leagues to the Eaftward of Cape Corrientes. They are fmall, low, and woody, invironed with Rocks, there are five of them lying in the form of an half Moon, not a Mik from the ftiore, and between them and the Main is very good Riding, fecurc from any wind. The Spaniards do report, that here live Fiinermen, to fifh for the Inhabitants of the City of Purification. This is faid to be a large Town, the beft hereabouts *, but is 14 Leagues up in the Country. The 20th inftant we entred within thefe Iflands, palTmg in on the S. £. fide, and anchored between the Iflands and the Main, in five Fathom clean Sand. Here we found gopd frefli Water and Wood, and caught plenty of Rock-fifh with Hook a^jd Line, a fort ofFifti 1 defcribed at the Ifle of John Fernando^ but we faw no fign of Inhabitants,be fides three or four old Hutts i therefore I do believe that the Spanyh or Inixan Fiftierflnen come hither only at Lenty or fome other fuch 3eafon, bi^t that they do not live S here m^r^ ^ 2 5 s Valdcras, aphaflmt P^dtleyl ^11^1685. here cohftantly. The 21ft Day Captaiti towkU^ went away, with about 60 Men, id tvikt zx\ Indian Village, feven or eight Leagues from hfertce to the Weilward more towatds the Cape, and the next Day we went to cfuife off the Cape, where Capt. Townley was to meet us. The 24th Day, as we were cruifing off the Cape, the four Canoas before^mentioned, ^Vhich Captain ^ownky*s Bark left at th^ Cape, cartie off to us. They, after the Bark left them, paft to the Weft of the Cape, and rowed into the Valley P^alderas, or perhaps Vii/i'/rw 5 for it figni- iies the yalhy of Flags. This Valley lies in the bottom of a pretty deep Btyi that runs in between Cape Cott^ientei otit\\e S. E. and the pdint of Pontique on the N. W. which two places are about jo Lcaigues afundcr; The Valley is about three Leagues wide 5 there \i a level fandy Bay againft the Sea, and good fmo6th land- ing. In the midft of the Bay is a fine River, where* into Boats may enter ; but it is bnickilh at the latter- end of the dry Seafon, which is in February ^ March^ and part of April. I Ihall fpeak more of riie Seafons in my Chapter of Winds, ir the Ap- pendix. This Valley is bounded within Land, with a fmall green Hill, that makes a v«ry gentle de- fcent kito the Valley, and affords a very pleafant profpe^ to Sea-ward. It is inriched with fruitful Savannahs, mixt with Groves of Trees fit for any ufes, bcfide Fruit-Trees in abundance, as Guava*s, Oranges and Lrnies, which here grow wild in fuch plenty, as if Nature had defigncd it only for a Garden. The Savannahs are full of fat Bulls and Cows, gnd fome Horfes, but no Hbiife in fight. When our Canoas came to this pJtafant Valley, they landed 37 Men, jmd marched into the Coun- try feeking for feme Hoafes. They had not gone paft three Mile before they were attackt by 150 Spa- niards, Horfe and FoQt': There was arimall thin , . ^ Wood Wo< tfltrt thort ". , KT 1--. > f» f deep on the yrbich The a level K land- where* at the tnore of he Ap- d, wih ntle de- pleafant fruitful : tor any Guava's, i in fuch y for a ulls and fight. Valley, - Coun- notgone ] 1 50 Spa- V/ood Wbttd^lbft &^the^. Into Vhlch our Men fetreat- ^^-^S^.l tdi tdftciii-ethcitiftlvesfi-ohithefwyof theHorfe: ^-^Vnj| Yd ^^ S|^ima>-ij tode in anibng theni, and attack c ihbft ^iy furiduflv, till ^ut 240 Men, and marched to a fmall Hill;, where they remained with 50 or 60 Mea to watch the Spa^rds, who appeared in great Companies on other Hills not far diftant, but did never, attempt any thing againft our. Men. Here we ,k}ji''d and . falted above two months Meat, befides what we ijpent frefhi and might have kill'd as much more, if we had been better ftor*d with. Salt. Our ))opes of meeting the Philippine Ship were now over •,' for we did all conclude, that while we were neceffitated to hunt here foi* Provifions, fhe was paift by to the Eaftward, as indeed fhe was, as we did underftand afterwards by Prifoners. So this defign fail'd, through Captain Townley*s eagernefs after the Lima Ship, which he attempted in ^«/jfo Harbour, as I have related. For tliough we* took a little Flour hard by, yet the fame Guide which told us of that Ship, would have condudled us where we might have had ftore of Beef and Maiz : but inftead there- of, we lofl both our tiine, and the opportunity of providing our felves ; and fo we were forced to be viftualling when we fliould have been cruifing off Cape Corrientes, in expedation of the Manila Ship. Hitherto we had coafted along here with two diffe- rent deligns *, the one was to get the Manila Ship, which would have inriched us beyond meafure ; and this Captain Townley was moft for. Sir Thomas Cavendijh formerly tpok the Manila Ship off Cape St. Lucas in Calif orniay (where we alfo would have waited for her, had we been early enough ftored with Provifions, to have met her there) and threw much rich Goods dyer-board. The other defign, which Captain S-ijaan and our Crew were moft for, was to fearch along the Coaft for rich Towns, and Mines chiefly of Gold and Silver, v/hich we were aifured • I ♦ % 2tfl efpent it we pes of for we jQdtated r to the lerftand I faird, Ke Lima )Our, as Ic Flour i of that ^c might id there- tunity of :ed to be lifing off la Ship. two diffe- nila Ship, incafure i ;ir I'homas • off Cape ould have ,gH ftorcd and threw icr defign, I moft for, owns, and we were affured Daricfiindian^/^i/«/Ponti(juc. affured were tn this Country, •«& w%JU)p^d near ^ff^ the (hoar: hot knowinc (aaf #e afterwards found) ^-^V**** that it was in cfFeft an Inland Country , its Weal tjh remote from the South-Sea Coaft, arid havine HkIc . * er no Coinnt^rce with it, its Trade beipg oriver^ Eaftward With Europe by La Vera Cruz. Yfet we had ftill fotae expeflation of Mihes, and fo refolded to deer on farther Northward i but Captain ^^rivn- ley, who had ho other defign in coming on this. Coaft, but to meet this Ship, refolved to return a- gain towards the Coaft of ivrf(. In all. this Voyage on the M(f>f»Vtf» Coaft, wc had' with us a Ca|>tainJj and two or three of his Men of our friendly Indians of the Ifthmus of Varien ; who ha- ving conduced over fome Pdrtics of t>ur Privateers, and expreffiftg' a defire to go along with'-us, were received,' arid kindly entertained aboard our Ships ; and we were ple{ts*d in having, by this means. Guides Veftdyjjrovided, ftiould we be for returning over Land; as feveral of us thought to do, rather than fail' rbimd about. Qut at this time, we of Captain Swan's Ship defigning farther to the North- Weft, and Captain Toianley going back, we com- mitted thefe our Indian Friends to his care, to carry them homciw So here we parted ; he to the £aft- ward, and we to the Weft ward, intending to fcarch as far 00 the Wel^ward as the Spaniards were fettled. ' It was the 7th Day or January in the Morning when we failed from this pleafant Valley. The Wind was at N. E. and the weather fair. At eleven a Clock the Sea-wind came at N. W. Before Night we paflcd by l?Qint Pontique-, this is the Wcft^point of the Bay of tl^e Valley of Valderas^ and is diftant from Cape Corrientes lo Leagues. This Point is in lat. 20 d, 50 m. North 5 it is high, round, rocky and barren. At a diftance it appears like an Ifland. A f-eague rq the Weft of this Point are two fmall barr ' ^ ^ i rcn /•■' I 26 i TA ■ Other IJk^of Chmi^\fp -<*. 168^. rcn Illands, called $hc Iflands of Pontiqui, 7Iien» ^O^^^ nr'4 fcveraj high* Iharp, white Rocks, that lie fqtf, tcrjpg about them : We paft'd ^etwf^efi tht(e focjcf Iflands on the left, and the Main pn tl>e ti^ht, for there is np danger. The Se^-cot^ft beypn^ t)its ^qii^| runs Nx)rthward for about ^8 Leagues, ipa^iog ma- ny rj^gged. Points, virh;fnjall f^ndy Bay4 betweei^ them.. The Land by the $ea- fide is Iq^ aod pretty woody } l)ut in the: Qountfy, full 9^ fejigh^ ^^f^ barren,, rugged, unpk^^nt Hills.:: /.• • ; Tht i4lh Day we liad fight of a fni?iU white Rock, which a^pear$v very, q^uch lil^eva §tup under fail. ThisRockisidJftti wd. isw- jji%^ree|!«ague8 from the Main. There is a good Channel between it and the Main, vffe6re :yo\i will hftye .12 or 14 Fathom Water near the Ifland > but riinning nearer the Main, you will have gradual SQafldlngps, till yo\| come in with the /hoar. At Night we anchored in fix Fathom Water, ne^ir a League frorn the Main, iu good oazy Ground. We caught a great many Cat- f/hhtre, and at feveral. places on this C92t0:^ both before and after this.' ,aj;v:i ; ..,;i s'/V:-:?'' ' > From this IQand the " Land ruhft raqt^ ^uairthcrly, making a fair fandy Bay 5 but the Sea ^lls in witl[ inch violence an the fhoarj that there is no land- ing,, but very good. .Anchoring on all- theCoaft, and ^gradual Soundings.. Abput a League off fiioar you will have fix Fathom, and four Mile off Ihpar you will have fevcn Fathdm Wateri *; We itJarncto an Anchor eyery Eveniogi and in the'.|^Qjphings we- laiied.ofE .with the. L^jn3-jvind» . which we found ap . N. E. . and the Sea-breezes a$ N. W- / ^ T;he;2iDt'h Day wc juichored abont^ three Miles on the Eift#'fide of the.Hlands C^ in twpor three great clufters, 1 6 or 20 in a eludes The Fruit is as big as a Pullet's Egg, of^ round form, and in colour yellow. It has a thick Skin or rind, and tliQ infide is full qf finall black feeds, mixc among the Fruit. It is Ihgrp pleafant Fruit, The red Penguin \% of the bignefs and colour of a fmalj dry Onion, and is in (hape much like a Nine- pin ; for it grows not on a Stalk, or Stem, as the other, but one End on the ground, the other landing up- right. Sixty or fcventy grow thus together as clofe as they can ftsmd one by another, and all from the lame Root, cr clufter of Roots. Thefe Penguins are encompafs'd or fenced with long Leaves, about a Foot and an half, or two Fpot long, and prickly like the former » and the Fnjjt too is much alike. They are both whp)fon:)e, and never pfFcnd the Stomach; but thofe diat Qat many, will Bnd a heat or tickling jn thejr Fundament. They grow io plentifully in the Bi^y of Campeacb^^ tl>at there is np palling for jbeir high prickly Leaves. There are fome Guanoes on thefe Iflands, but nOk,other fort of L^nd-Animal. Th^ Bays about the IQands are fpmetimes vifited with Seal $ and this was thcJirft place where I had feen any of thefe ^nim^liS, , Q1J the Nprth-fide of the Equator^ in thefe ..: ... ' S ^ Seas, «64 TeMtlBfberyatCzW^otr^i: An i68tf. Seas. For the Fifli on this fandy Coaft lye moft in ^-'^^^''^ the Lagunes or Salt-lakes, and Mouths of Rivers s but thfc Seals conne not fo much there, as I judee : For this bein^ no rocky Coaft, where Filh refort moft, there ieems to be but little Food for the Seals, tinlefs they will venture upon Cat-fifh. Capt. Swan went away from hence with loo Men in our Canoas, to the Northward, to feek for the River Coolecan, poffibly the fame with the River of Paftla^ which fome Mafps lay down in the Province or Region of Cullacan. This River Hedi in about 24d. N. lat. We were informed, that there is a fair rich Spatiijb Town fcated on the Eaft-fide of it, with Savannahs about it, full of Bulls and Cows i and that the Inhabitants of this Town pafe over in Boats to the Ifland California^ where they filh for Pearl. I have been told fince by a Spamard that faidhehad been at the l^?iti6, Califoma^ that there are great plenty of Pearl Oyfters there, and that the Native Indians of Gii/// but r. They coaft- fowe J the far- n. ia Lake, lUel with Mangrove lat. about iodeSatti lough for anding af- tlVere is a^ Houi'e, Rio de Sail. MaflTactanJ %Sf Houfis, and an Eftantion, or Farm of large Cattle.^** i^* Our Men went into the Lake and landed, and coining V^^ to the Houfe, found feven or eight Bufliels of Maiz x but the Cattle were driven away by the Spaniards^ yet there our Men took the Owner of the Eftantion, and brought him aboard. He faid, that the Beefs were driven a great way in the Country, for fear we ihould kiU them. While we lay here, Capt. Swan vent into this Lake again, and landed 150 Men on :he N. E. fide, and marched into the Country : About a Mile from the Landing-place, as they were entring a dry Salina^ or Sale-pond, they fired at two Iniiam that crofs'd the way before them \ one of them being wounded in the Thigh,' fell down, and being examined, he told our Men, that there was an lidian Town four or five Leagues off, and that the way which they were going would bring them thither. While they were in Difcourfe with the Indian they were atuck'd by 100 Spamjh Horfcmen, who came with a defign to fcare them back, but wanted both Arms and Hearts to do it. Our Men pad; on from hence, and in their way marched- through a Savannah of long dry Grafs. This the Spaniards fet on fire, thinking to burn them, but that did not hinder our Men from marching forward, though it did trouble them a little. They rambled for want of Guides all this Day, and part of the next, before they came to the Town the Indian fpoke of. There they found a com^ pany of Spaniards and Indians^ who made head againft them, but were driven out of the Town after a ihort Difpute. Here our Surgeon and one Man more were wounded with Arrows, but none of the reft were hurt. \Yhen they came into the Towti they found two or . three Indians wounded, who told ihem that the Name of the Town was Majfa- mn\ that there were a few Spaniards living in it, and l^herefl: >ycre Indians; that five Leagues from thia Town 166 River andT&ums p/Eoteio. : Cold Mines. 'jn^ 1 686 Town thrrci vrcrc two rtcK Gold Mincsi where the Spsmards et Comfcftaiiay which is the chiefeft Town jn chefe Parts, kept many SUvca and Mmaj aiwork for Gold. Here our Men lay chat Nighr» and the next Morning packt up all the Maiz that they could 6nd, and broi^ht it on their Backs to (he Canoas, f.nd came aboard. We lay here till the id of February^ and then Captain Swan went away with about 80 Men to the River Rofaino \ where they landed, and niarched to an Indian Town of the fame Name. They found i it about nine Mile from the Sea ; the way to it fair and even. This was a fine little Town, of about 60 or I jro Houfes, with a fair Church \ and it was chiefiy inhabited with Indians^ they took Prifoners there, which told them. That the River Rafaria is rich io pold, and that the Mines are not above two Leaauei from the Town. Captain Swan did not think i( 1 convenient to go to the Mines, but made hade aboard with the Maiz which he took there, to thej quantity of about 80 or 90 BuQiels ( and which eg lis, in the fcarcity we were in of Provifions, was at that time more valuable than all the Gold in the World ', and had he gone to the Mines, the Spmam would probably have deftroyed the Com :)aefofe bis return.' The 3d qf February^ we went wiih our Ships alfo towards the River Rqfario, and anchoredl the nejct Day againft the River*sMouth,fev*tn Fathom,! good bazy ground, a League from the fhoar. Thisl River is in lat. 22 d. 5 1 m. N. When you are at m Anchor againft this River, yoq will fee 4 T^v^^ ^^H like a Su^ar-lpaf, a^lictle ^V'^^y wichii> Land, right overl the Rivcr,and bearing N.E. by N. TovtheWeftwardl of that Hill there is another pretty longiHili, calledl by theSpaniards Caput Cavaili, or the Horfc-a hcad,| The 7th Day Captain iS«;a;i came aboard with the Mai;^ which he got. This was but a fmall quanrityl for fp many. NJcn .as we. ^yere, .efpe^ially co^fidcryigl J?itVf#/ St j4gO. 367 jibe place we were in, being ftrtngerii nxA having '^•^ «}>(• L> Pilots to dircdl or guide ui into any Riven and ^■'>''?^ w« being wichouc aU fort of Provi(bn» but what we were forced to get in this manner fvcm the (hoar* Aqd though our Pilot- Book dire^cd us well eaough to M the Riven, yet for want of Guides to carry Ltptbe SettiementSi we were forced fo (barch two or three Days before we could find a place to land : for, as I have faid before* befides the Seas being too Irough for landing in many pUces, they have netthee JBoat, Bark, nor Canoa, that we could ever foe Drh^arof: and therefore as there are no fuch Land*- llB^places in thefe Rivers, as there are in the Narih- tn fowhen we were landed, we did not know liiich way to go to any Town, except wi acdden- lly met with a path^ ■ Indeed, the Spaniards and Mi0»/, whom we had aboard, knew the Names of eril Rivers and Towns near them, ^nd knew the fflwns when they faw them i but they knew not I way to go to them from the Sea. . The 8th Pay, Captain Swan fent about 40 Men kfeqkforthe River Oletat which is to the Eaft- liardof the River iic/rtr<>. The next Day we fol*- red afit^r with the Ships, having the Wind at ?.N.W. and fair weather. In the Afternoon our IS came again tp us, for they could not find JWiyer Olfta i therefore we deli^ned next for River Str J ago, to the Eaft ward fti|l. The 1 1 th ly'in the Evening, we anchored againft the louth of the River, in feven Fathom Water, good jftoazy ground, i^nd tboi^ttwa Mile/rom the fhoar.* iberewas a high ^hkt Rock without us, called* fmntflbo. This Rock at a diftance appears like: iip under fail; itbore fromus >y.Ni W. diftanc iM three Leagues. The HWlZelifco bore S.B. which' lavery hijgh HilJ in the Country, with a Saddle' I Bending on the top. The River St. ^/^o is in: i 22 di 1 5 ni. It is qnc of the principal Rivers on> this >'T 26S Santa Fecaque.^ 'jtm. iii6 this Coaft 1 thenc is lo Foot Water ipn the fiaV at low Water, but ^ how much ic^ i^ows here I know ttot. The mouth of this River is near half a Mile broad, and very fmooth entring. Withm thcj mouth it is broader, for there are three or four Rj. vers more meet there, and iffue all out together, it I is brackifh a great way up*, yet there is frefli Water to be had, by digging or making Wells in the fandy Bay, two or three Foot deep, juft at{ the mouth of the River. The I ith Day Captain Swan fent 70 Men in four] Canoas into this River, to feek a Town ; for al<< though we had no intelligence of any, yet the] Country appearing very promiling, we did notj queftion but they would find Inhabitants befoic' they returned. They fpent two Days in rowing uj and down the Creeks and Rivers; af laft they came to a large Field of Maiz, which was almol ripe: they immediately fell to gathering as fall as they could, and intended to lade theCgncast but fedngan Ifidian that was fet to watch the Corn they quitted that troublefome and tedious wotk, and feiz^d him, and brought him aboard, in hopes bi his information, to have fome more eafie and exj pedite way of a Supply, by finding Cdirn ready coj and dried. He being examined, f^iid, chat cherj was a Town called Santa Pecaquf^ four Leaguesfro the place where he was taken i and that if we V figned to go thither, he would underuke to be oii| Guide. Captain Swan immediately ordered his Mc to make ready, and the fame Evening went awaj with eight Canoas and 140 Men, taking the Indu for their Guide. He rowed about five Leagues up the River, an landed the next Morning. The Riycr at this plad was not above Piftol-fhot wide, and the Banif pretty high on each fide, and the Lan^ plain even. He left 23 Men to guard the Canoas, an C/(r, Mnd Siher Mines of Campoftella. ' 269 marcht witK the reft to the Town. He fet out An. x6U. 'from the Canoas at fix a Clock in the Morning, and O^VVi itjuJh'd the Town by 10. , The way through which he paired was very plain, part of it Wood-land, part Savannahs. The Savannahs were full of Horfes, Bulls and Cows. The Spaniards feeihgi him coming run all away-, fo heentred the Town without the kaft oppontion. . • : ■ ^ -v^ J This Town of Santit' Pecdque ftaridsbna Plain,, in a Savannah, by the fide of a Wood, with many Fruic-Trees about it. It is but a fniall Town, but very regular, after the Spanijh mode, with a Parade in the midft. The Houfes fronting the Parade had jUl Balconies : there were two Churches *, one againlt the Parade, the other it the end of the Town. It 1$ inhabited moft yrith Spaniard/, Their chiefeft Occupation is Husbandry. There are alfo fome ICarriers, who are imployed by the Merchants of \Cii^pdp!laj to trade for them to and from the lines. ■ Umpoftella is a rich Town, about 2 1 Leagues from nzt. It is the chiefeft in all this part of the King- , and is reported to have 70 white Families ; hich is a great matter in thefe parts *, for it may le, that fuch a Town hath not lefs than 500 Fami- of copper-coloUred People, befides the white, he Silver Mines are about five or fix Leagues fi-om 'nta Pecaque ; where, as we were told, the Inha- litants of Compoftelh had fome hundreds of Slaves 11 work. The Silve- heye, and all over the King- lorn of Mexico , is r. to be finer and richer in pro- ortion than that of Potoft or Peru^ tho* the Oar be ot fo abundant; and the Carriers of this Town hnta Pecaque^ carry the Oar to Compqfiellay where is refined. Thefe Carriers, "or Sutlers, alfo furniih e Slaves at the Mines with Maiz, whereof here Ji great plenty now in the Town defigned for that 'c: Here was alfo Sugar, Salt, and Salt-fifli. •'^ ^ Captain Uk; im.' Captain SwdH's only bufmefs at Sdhia P'ecadue %as ^'^^\^^ to gtt Pirovifion i therefore h^ ordered his Men to divide theftirelil'^s into tv(r6 |jart$, atid ty turns •ake, or what 'depth of Water then is, or of the Harbours, Rivers, or Creeks, thail border on it : Whereas on the Weft-fide of the Ifland towards the y^^//V^ Coaft, their Pilot-Book gives aa account of the Coaft from Cape St. Lucas to 40 dj North. Some of their Drafts newly made il make California to join to the Main. I do belicvd that the Spaniards do not care to have this Lake dil] covered, for fear left other' European Nations fhoul(| get knowledge of it, and by that means vifitthJ Mines of New Mexico. We heard that not lona before our arrival here, the Indians in the Provinci # pf New Mexico made an Infurreftion, and deftroye| moft of the Spaniards there, but that fome of then flying towards" the Gulph or Lake of Califon made Canoas in that Lake, and got fafe awayj though the Indians of the Lake of California, feen to be at perfect Enmity with the Spaniards. Wc hi ,. ^^rAr^»^i/i?w» iblved to take the firfl: Opportunity of returning to England: So that he feigned a Compliance with fome of his Men, who were bent upon going tocruize at Manila^ that he might havcleifure to take fome favourable Opportunity of quitting the Privateer Trade. ".uo bib f.-jbrii:.; '■) f}->!-. -Rfll '-yr'' ;.j:/ a ^^ c ' O ■ ■ ■ . Their Vr^vijions for crojjing the South -Seas. 279 An. 1686. C H A P. X. T!heir departure from Cape Coricntcj joir the Ladrojtic IJlands^ 4»^ri&^£aft- Indies. Their Courfe thither, and Accidents by the way : witha\Tableofeach^afs Run, &c. Of the different Accounts of the Breadth of thefe Seas, Guam, one of the Lad rone Iflands, The Coco-Nut Tree, Fruit, &c. The Toddi, or Arack that diftils from it 5 with other ' Ufes that are made of it. Qoxtz-Cables, The Lime, orCrab-Limon. The Bread-fruit. The Native\n6\2iVisof GMzm, Their Throes, are* markablefort of Boats : and of thofe ufed in the Eaft-lndics. The State of Guam: and the Trovijions with which they were fur - nipjed there, 1H A V E given an Account in the laft Chapter ot the Rcfolutions we took of going over to the Eaft^hdies. But having more calmly confidered on the Length of our Voyage, from hence to Guam^ one of the Ladrone Iflands, which is the firft pli^ce that we could touch at, and there alfo being not certain to find Provifions, moft of our Men were almoft daunted at the Thoughts of it ; for wc had not fixty Day's Provifion, at a little more than half a Pint of Maiz a Day for each Man, apd no other Provifion, except three Meals of falted Jc^'fjk \ and we had a great many Rats aboard, which we could not hinder fropi eating part pf our Maiz. Befide, the great Diftahce between Cape Coriefjtes and Cuam : which i^ variqufly fet dowii. The S/aniciyM, T 4 who 180 The Ted'mfnefs $f this t^9yMge: 'An.ittW. who have the greateft Reafon to know bcft, make ^J^^^^ it to be between 2300 and 2400 Leagues % our Books alfo reckon it differently, between 90 and 100 Degrees, which all comes (hort indeed of 2000 I ^agues, but even that was a Voyage enough to frighten us, confidcring our llanty riovifions. Capt. Swan^ to encourage his Men to go with him, per« fuaded them that the Englijh Books did give the bed Account of the Dillancc ; his Reafons were many, although but weak. He urged amona the reft, that Sir Thomas Candijh and Sir Francis Drake did run it in lefs than fifty Days, and that he did not queftion but that our Ships were better Sailers, than thofe which were built in that Age, and that he did not doubt to get there in little more than forty Days : This being the beft time in the Year for Breezes, which undoubtedly is the Reafon that the Spaniards fet out from Acapulco about this time •, and that although they are fixty Days in their Voyage ; ir is becaufe, they are great Ships deep laden, and very heavy Sailers \ befides, they wantine nothing, arc in no great haftc in their way, but lail with a great deaJL of their ufual Caution. And when they come near the Ifland Guanty they lie by in the Night for a "Week, before they make Land. In prudence we alfo Ihould have contrived to lie by in the Night when we came near Land, for other wife we might have run aflioar, or have out-failed the Iflands, and loft fight of them before Morning, But our bold Adventurers fcldom proceed with fuchwarinefs when in any ftraighcs. But of all Capt. Swanks Arguments, that which prevailed moft with them was, his promifing them, as r have faid, to cruize off" the Manila's, So he and his Men being now agreed, and they encouraged with the Hope of Gain, which Works its way thro' all Difficulties, wc* fet out from Cape CorrienteSy March the 31ft, 168 5. We were two Ships in Com- , pany, t, make :s \ our 90 and of 2000 lOUgh to ns. Capt. lim, per- give the ons were nong the cis Drake be did not ilcrs, than iiat he did han forty Year for n tiiat the time V and Voyage \ laden, and nothingt ail with a when they I theT»Jight n prudence the Night c we might tlands, and jt our bold irinefswhcn that which lifing them, So he and encouraged ts way thro' i CorrienteSy lips in Com- pany! The Cpurfh from Cafe Corricntcs to Guam. 2 s 1 pany, Capt. Swan*i Slujp and a Bark commanded jI». i6M; under Capt. Swan^ by Capt. Teaty and we were 1 50 U^WI Men, 100 aboard of the Ship, and 50 aboard the Bark, befides Slaves, as I faid. We had a fmall Land-wind at E. N. E. which carried us three or four Leagues, then the Sea-wind came at W. N. W. a frelh Gale, fo we (leered away S. W. By fix a Clock in the Evening we were about nine Leagues S. W. from the Cape, then we met a Land-wind which blew frefh all Night -, and the next Mornins about 10 a-Clock we had the Sea- breeze at N, N. E. fo that at Noon we were thirty Leagues from the Cape. It blew a frefh Gale of Wind which carried us off into the true Trade-wind, ( of tlieDiF rence of which Trade- winds I fliall ilpcak in the Chapter of Winds in the Appendix ) for although the conltant; Sea-breeze near the Shoar is at W. N. W; yet the true Trade off at Sea, when you arc clear of the Land-winds, is. at L. N. E. At firft we had it at N.N. E. fo it came about northerly, and theri to the Eafl as we run off. At 250 Leagues diftance from the Shoar we had it at E. N. E. and there it ftood till we came within forty Leagues of Guanii When we had eaten up our three Meals of falted Jtw-fjh^ in fo many Days time we had nothing but our fmall Allowance of Maiz. After the 3 lit Day oi March we made great Runs every Day, having very fair clear Weather, and a frelh Trade-wind, which we made ufe of with all I OQr Sails, and we made many good Ohfervatiom of the Sun. At our firft fetting out, we fteer*d into thcLat. of 13 Degrees, which is near the Lat. of \Quam\ then we fleered Weft, keeping in that Lat. By that time we had failed twenty Days, our Men feeing we had made fuch great Runs, and the Wind like to continue, repined becaufe they were kept at fuch fhort Allowance. Captain Swan endeavoured to perfyade them to have a little Patience ; yet nothing 2ti Occurrences during the Vofage, An,.i6%6i nothing but an Augmentation of their daily AJlow- WV ance would appeafc them. Captain Swan^ though with much Reluftance, gave way to a fmall En- largement of our Commons, for now we had about . ten Spoonfuls of boil*d Maiz a Man, once a Day, whereas before we had but eight : I do believe that this fhort Allowance did me a great deal of good, though others were weakened by it; for I found that my Strength increafed, and my Dropfy wore off. Yet I drank three times every Twenty-four Hours i but many of our Men did not drink in nine or ten Days time, and fome not in twelve Days; one of our Men did not drink in feventeen Days time, and faid he was not adry when he did drink •, ^ct he made water every Day more or lefs. One of our Men in the midft of thefe Hardlhira was found guilty of Theft, and condemned for the fame to have three Blows from each Man in the Ship, with aTwo-Indi and a half Rope on his bare Back. Captain Swan began firft, and ft ruck with a goo ^ "Will j whofe Example was folldwed by all of us. Jt was very ftrange, ihatin all this Voyage we did not fee one Fifti, not io much as a Flying-fifli, nor any fort of Fowl, but at one time, when we were by my account 4975 Miles Weft from Cape Corientes^ then we fawa great Number of Boobiev which we. fuppofed came from fome Rocks not far from us, which were mentioned in fome of our Sea^ Charts, but we did not fee them. After we had run the 1900 Leagues by our recko-j ning, which made the Englifh account^Q Guam, the Mejj began to murmur againft Captain S'-Ji^an, for perfuading them to come this Voyage j but he gave them fair words, and told them that the Spanijb Ac- count might probably be the trueft, and feeing the Gale was likely to continue, a Ihort time longer] would end our troubles. M\ ily Allow- », though fmall En- I had about ICC a Day, jelicve that II of good, or 1 found ropfy wore >enty-fovir irink in nine reive Day&i n Days time, rink V ^cthc One of our i found guilty to have three h aTwo-lnch ::aptain Swan Will i whofe s Voyage vrc aFlying-fift, me, when v^c •ft from Cape jr of Boobiesy Rocks not far le of our Sea' bvourrecko cj:o Lain Guam, Swan, ^, but he gave [he Spanijh Ac and feting thi t time longer the for Thjc ,lNntjLisf Si:..K' ^i r^cA ••'• 1 It- £ndlifh JUilet . {' Itw^picK of Cup Ijsrcc fhe^ arrive at Gtiam, one of the Ladrone IJlands, 2%% As we drew nigh the Ifland, wc met with fome ^»^i68< Ifmall Rain, and the Clouds fettling in the Weft, " were an apparent token that we were not far from Land j for in thefe Climates, between or near the Tropicks, where the Trade-wind blows conftantly^ the Clouds which fly fwift over Head, yet feem near the Limb of the Horizon to hang without much monon or alteration, where the Land is near. I have often taken notice of it, efpecially if it is high I Land, for you Ihall then have the Clouds hang about [it without any vifible Motion. The 20th Day of Ma'jy our Bark being about three [Leagues a-head of our Ship, failed over a rocky (hole, on which there was but four Fathom Water, land abundance of Fi(h fwimming about the Rocksi IThey imagined by this that the Land was not far off; Ifo they clapt on aWind with the Bark's Head to the iNorth, and being paft the Shole, lay by for us^ IWhen we came up with them. Captain Teat came aboard us, and related what he had feen. We were then in lat. 12 d. 55 m. fteering Weft. The Ifland xGuam is laid down in Lat. 1 3 d. N. by the Spmu \ardi^ who are Mafters of it, keeping it as a baiting? Place as they go to the Philippine Iflands. There- Ifore we clapt on a Wind and ftood to northward, [being fomewhat troubled and doubtful whether we [were right, becaufe there is no Shole laid down in. the Spanijh Drafts about the Ifland Guam. At four la-Clock, to our great Joy, we faw the Ifland Guam^ lat about eight Leagues diftance. I It was well for Captain Swan that we got fight of lit before our Provifion was fpent, of which we had Ibut enough for three Days more ; for, as I was af- Itcrwards informed, the Men had contrived, firft to Ikiil Captain S^Ji^an and eat him when the Viftuals Iwas gone, and after him all of us who were accef- Ijary in' promoting the undertaking this Voyage. iThis made Cape. Swan fay^ to rotf after our arrival AC 2t4 They anchor at Guarti. 'An^i^S^%t Guam, M f Dampier, you would have made then] but a poor Meal', for I was as lean as the Captain was lufty and flefhy. The Wind was at E. N. m and the Land bore at N.N. E. therefore we ftood to the Northward, till we brought the IHand to bear| Eaft, and then we turned to get in to an anchor. The account I have given hitherto of our Courfcl from CzTpe Corriftttes in the Kingdom ofMexicOy (for I have mentioned another Cape of that Nime m Peru, South of the Bay of Panama) to Guam, one! of the Ladrone Iflands, hath been in the grofs. But for the SatisfaVi o*iv7 , n .' . -.1 . r "•■-'•' • •♦ 1 ;;-3 3r.'ef. ' i 1' '>V.' .'■ if Tii^/tf <>/ each 7>a)fs Run to Guam. P^ Courfi, DjP 106 S. W. 17 20 Lat. mnds. 31 SWsdW 20: II R. 19: 2 WN W / I 2 SW 5W 68 81 NW:NNW SW I w 142 102 98 '9 29 54 18 23 5 6 lOI 100 136 150 106 86 6:, 93 R. r7:25 Ob.17: 6 NbW 3 W byS N- 4 W 12S 140 160 108 Ob. 16:57 N :NNE 6 W 20S Ob.i5:43 Ob.i'J :25 N W loS NE 7 W 15S 89 Ob.15 : 2 NE:ENE 8 10 II 12 W 2S 64 94 R. 14:57 ENE W 4S 06.14:51 ENE ; ENE I W 5S 138 124 170 12 10 14 137 123 169 05.14:39 W 5S 06.14:29 ENE • ENE ENE '^ ENE W 5S R. 14 : 15 '3 W 5^ 170 14 15 169 R. 14 : I H |W 5S 180 177 ;r. 13:46 15 i6 17 W 6S I74|i8 172 180 214 R. 13: 28 ENE cloudy W 6S 182 l'9 R. 13 : 9 ENE mifty ENE rain W 6 S 216 l!22 R. il : 47 .. ..; -^"^ ■ •■I Ihe Sum of the Weftings hitherto is which make Deg. of Longitude — 2283 39 rom hence my Courfe is moft Weft, fometimes Southerly, fometimes Northerly. ETfN E cloudy en"e Day 18 '9 20 :i 22 23 Courfe, DiJi W 192 w 180 w w w 177 180 R.W. 0b.W4N 170 NorS. o o o o 192 R. 12: 47 180R. 12 :47 m o ji8o II N 168 i7q' R. 1 2 'Rrr2' R. 12 1? 47 47 R. 12 :47 05.12:58 Jl>nl 286 Jim, 1686. 2 » 25 26 28 29 30 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 W W 3 N 5>^ i i84|ob.i3: 7 w - > 14c 16; 171 Ob. 13:7 R. 13 : 7 Ob. 1 3: 12 Ob. 1 3: 12 R. 13 : 12 Ob.13 : 12 w W. 2N. ^ 172/ }i73 kf w w i96( 196 100 154 163 180 172 160 5S 9N 160 154 '52 179 171 160 148 133 128 III 128 129 128 113 108 120 1I7 130 w R. 13 : 12 R. W. Ob.W.2S W 2 N R. 13 : 12 Ob.13 • 7 Ob.13 • 14 Ob.13 : 22 W 2 N W Ob.13 • 22 E N E W 3 s W 4 S 149 134 128 112 128 129 128 188 114 7S Ob.13 '- 15 E by N E NT E NE 9 9S Ob.13 •• 6 R. 13 : 6 Ob.i2 '.SI R. 12 : s7 R. 12 :57 10 II 12 13 14 15 w W5S w 9 E NE E NE~ ' w E NE E NE E-NE E N E E N E ( w W 4 N 8N iiS 8 N R. 12 :57 Ob.f3: 5 16 W 6 S bb.i2 :54 n W3 s w 109 120 127 134 Ob.r2:49 18 ■ R. 12 :49 R. 12 :49 EN E 19 ' w E N E 20 i"' M ! w R. 12 : 50 E sjWyW 10 K, 12 : 59 E N E 1" s k 1 1 1 1 IT) 4 1 1 a 1 thf %A/ «-• 1 1 1 Vi a c . ,mil Making Deg. of Longitude in all- — IZ5 d. r ( m. Now The fable explained, -2^7 Now the Ifland Guam bore N. N. E. eight Leagues -rf*. 168^; jdift. this gives 22 m. to my lat. and takes 9 from my UOPW Meridian dift. fo that the Ifland is in Lat. 13: 21; and tlie Merid. dift. from Corientes 7302 Miles i 1 which, reduced into degrees, makes i25d. u m. The Table confifts of feven Columns. The firft is lof the Days of the Month. The 2d Column con- tains each Day's courfe, or the Point of the Compals we ran upon. The 3d gives the diftance or length of fuch courfe in Italian or Geometrical Miles, (at the rate of 60 to a degree) or the Progrefs the Ship I makes every Day •, and is reckoned always from noon to noon. Jut becaufe the courfe is not al- Iways made upon the fame Rumb in a direft Line, Ithercfore the 4th and 5th Columns fhew how many iMilcs we ran to the South every Day, and how Imany to the Weft ; which laft was our main Run in pis Voyage. By the 17th of /ipril we were got pretty near into the Latitude Guam, and our Courfe [then lying along that parallel, our northing and louthing confequently were but little, according as pe Ship deviated from its diredt courfe •, and luch pcviation is thenceforward expreft by N. or S. in [he 5th Column, and the Ship's keeping ftraight on [he Weft -Rumb, by o, that is to fay, no northing y fouthing. The 6th Column fhews the Latitude re were in every Day, where R. fignifies the dead ''tchmngp by'the running of the Logs, and Ob. fliews he Lat. by Obl'ervation. The 7th Column fhews the Vind and Weather. To thtfe I would have added an 8th Column, to hew the Variation of the Needle ; but as it was very nail in this courfe, fo neither did we make any ob- fcrvation of it, above once, after we were fet out (otn the Mmcan Coaft. At our departure from Cape wioites, we found it to be 4 d. 28 m. eafterly :; jnd the Obfervation we made of it afterwards,' rhen we had gone about a third of the Voyage, - fliewcd all Of the Breadth of the Somh-Sca$: 4r>. %6t6' (hewed it to be fo near the fame, to be decrcaHng • I \/V\> Neither did we obfer^ it at Guam^ for Capt. SwaA who had the In%uments in his Cabbin, did not feem much to regard it : Yet I am inclined to think that at GuaMy the Variation might be either none at all, | pr even increafing to the weftward. To conclude, Miy 20th at noon (when we begin I to call it 2 1 ft) we were in lat. 12 d. 50 m. N. by R, having run fmce the noon before 134 Miles direct- ly "Weft. We continued the fame Courfe till two that Afternoon, for which I allow 10 Miles mon Weft ftiil, and then, finding the parallel we ran up-l on to be too much foutherly, we clapt On a "Winil and failed dire(5tly North, till five in the Afternoon,! having at that time run eight Mile, and increafedl our Latitude fo many Minutes, making it 1 2 d. 58 m,! We then faw the Ifland Guam bearing N. N. E. (li{ ftant from us about eight Leagues, which gives thej Latif; 1e of the Iftand 13 d. 20 m. And accor to the account foregoing, its Longitude is 125 dl 1 1 m. We(t from the Cape Corrientes on the Coaftof| Mexico^ allowing 58 or 59 Italian miles to adegre in thefe Latitudes, at the common rate of 60 Mil ;o ? degree of the Equator, as before computed. As a Corollary from hence it will follow, thall upon a fuppofal of the Truth of the general alj lowance. Seamen make of 60 Italian Miles to Equinodlial Degree, that the South-Sea muft be of^ greater breadth by 25 degrees than it*s commonlj reckoned by Hydrographers , who make it onlj about 100, more or lefs. For lince we found (as [ ihall have occafion to fay j the diftance from Gui to the eaftern Parts of Ajla^ to be much the famj with the common reckoning , it follows by wayi neccflary Confequence from hence, that the 2| degrees ot Longitude, or thereabouts, which arc ui| der-reckoned in the diftance between America an the Eajl^ Indies weftward , ~ arc over -reckone| of ibi iEthbpick^niAtlantick Oaan. 289 in the breadth of /^a and Jfrick^ the /iilantick Sea, ^»^«6Jlft. or the American Continent, or all together ; and fo * thatTraft of the Terraqueous Globe, muft be fo much (hortncd. And for a further confirmation of the faft, I ihall add, that as to the JEthiopkk or Indian Sea, its breadth mud be confiderably Icfs than 'tis generally calculated to be •, if ic be true what I have hearcf over and over, from feveral able Seamen, whom I have converfed with in thefe parts, that Ships failing from the Cape of Good Hope to , New Holland, (as many Ships bound to Java, or thereabouts, keep that Latitude) find thcmfelves there, (and fomctimes to their coft j running aground when they have thought thcmfelves to be a great way off i and 'tis from hence poflibly, that the Dutch call that part of this Coaft the Land of Indraught, (as if it magnetically drew Ships too faft to it) and give cautions to avoid it : But I rather think, *tis the nearnefs of the Land, than any Whirlpool, or tlie like, that furpri?es them. As to the breadth of the Atlantick Sea, I am from good hands alTured, that it is over-reckoned by fix, feven, eight, or ten d»-- grces i for befides the concurrent Accounts of feve- ral experienced Men, who have confirmed the fame to me : Mr. Canhy particularly, who hath failed as a Mate in a great many Voyages, from Cape Lopez, on the Coait of Guinea, to Barbadoes, and is much cftecm'd as a very fenfible Man, hath often told me, that he conftantly found the diftance to be between ^o and 62 degrees*, whereas 'tis laid down in 68, 69, 70, and 72 degrees, in the common Draughts. As to the fuppofitioii it felf, which our Seamca make, in the allowing but 60 Miles to a degree, I am not ignorant how much this hath been canvafed I of late years efpecially, and that the prevailing Opi- nion hath been that about 70, or upwards, fhould I be allowed. But till I can fee fomc better grounds V foi- 290 OftheMiUsinaT^eg, The IJle of Q)xm, A: ?^86. for the cxa^lncfs of ihofc trials^ that KaVe bccfti V'VN^ made on Land by Mr, Norwood and others, con- fuiermg the inequality of the Earth's Surface, a» well as the obliauity of the way ;. in their allow- ing for which t am fomewhat doubtful of therr mcafures. Upon the whole matter, I cannot but adhere to the general Sea-calculation, conBrmed as to the main by daily experience, till feme mor^ certain Eflimatc Ihall be rfiade, than thofe hither- to attempted. For we find our ftlvps, when we iail Nortn or South, to be brought to our inrendcci place, in a time agreeable enough with what we expe^ upon the ufual fuppofition, making all rei- fonable allowance, for the Utile unavoidable dcvi. ations Eaft or Weft : and there fccms no reafon why the fame Eftimate Ihould not ferve us in crof. fing Ehe Meridians, which wc find fo true in Sailing iinder them. As to this Courfe of ourS to Guam particularly, we fhould rather incrcafe than Ihottcn s ^ eur Eftimate of the leneth of it, cortfidering that the eafterl-y Wind and Current being fo ftrong, and bearing therefore our Log after us, as is ufuai in fuch cafes 5 /hould we therefore, in cullng up the i\m of the Log, make allowance for fo much Ipace as the Log it felf drove after us f which is commonly three or four Miles in 100, in fobrilk a gale as this was) we muft have reckoned more tlvin 125 degrees} l)ot in this Voyace wc made no fach allowance* (though it be ufual to do it) fo that how much fo« ever this Computation of mine e>cceeds the coftimoa Draughts, yet is it of the iTiOrteft, according to our Experiment and Calculation. But to proceed with our Voyage r The Ifland Guam or Cuahon, (as the Native Indiam pronounce it) is one of the Ladrone Iflands, belongs to tlic Spaniards, who have a fmall Fort With fix Guns Id it, with a Governour, and 2oor JbSoldie^rs. They keep it for the relief and refrefhfticnr of their Pj?*/- li^p'mt of Ifli of Guam, i^r Maria. The Coconut, i^i /i/^w^ Ships, thstf touch here in their. way from -^w. 1686. Acapulco to Manila^ but the Winds will not fo eafily ^-^VNrf let them take this way back again. The Spaniards of late have named ijuam^ the Ifland Maria \ it is about 12 Leagues long, and four broad, lying N. and S. It is pretty high Champion Land. The 2 ift Day of Af^ v, 1686, at 1 1 a Clock in the Evenins,. we anchored near the middle of the Ifland S«« rcddifli, dry and indifferent fruitful. The Fruits are chiefly Rice, Pine-Apples, Water-melons, Musk- melons, Oranges and Limes, Coco-nuts, and a fore of Fruit called by us Bread-fruit. The Coco-nut Trees grow by the Sea, on the Weftern-fidc in great Groves, three or four Miles in length, and a Mile or two broad. This Tree is in fhape like the Cabbage-tree, and at a diftance they are not to l?e known each from other, only the Coco-nut Tree is fuller of Branches ; but the Cab- bage-tree generally is much higher, tho* the Coco- nut Trees in fome places are very high. The Nut or Fruit grows at the head of the Tree, among the Branches and in Clufters, 10 or 12 in a iClufter. The Branch to which they grow is abolit I the bignefs of a Man's Arm, and as long, running fmall towards the end. Ir is of a yellow Colour, full of Knots, and very tough. The Nut is gene- rally bigger than a Man's Head. The outer Rind is near two Inches thick, before you come to tlve Shell •, U 2 the 29 i :. The Coco Nut, -^, \^\^ <«<». i686.the Shell itfelf isblack, thick, and very hard. The Kernel in fome Nuts is near an Inch thick, (licking ^o the infide of the Shell clear round, leaving a hollow in the middle of it, which contains about a Pint, more or lefs, according to the bignefs of the Nut, for fome are much bigger than others. This Cavity is full of fweet, delicate, wholfom and refrefhing Water. While the Nut is ^rowing^ all the infide is full of this Water, without any Kernel at all -, but as the Nut grows towards its Maturity, the Kernel begins to gather and fettle round on the infide of the Shell, and is foft like Cream *, and as the Nut ripens, it increafeth in fubftance and becomes hard. The ripe Kernel is fweet enough, but very hard to digeft, therefore feldom eaten, unlefs by Strangers, who know not the efFeds of it j , but while it is young and fbft like Pap, fome Men will eat it, fcraping it out with a Spoon, after they have drunk the Water that was within it. I like the Water' beft when the Nutisalmoft ripe, for it is then fwecteft and brisked. When thefe Nuts are ripe and gathered, the out- fide Rind becomes of a brown rufty colour ; fo that one would think that they were dead and dry ; yet th':;y will fprout out like Onions, after they have been hanging in the Sun three or four Months, or thrown about in a Houfe or Ship, and if planted afterward in the Earth, they will grow up to a Tree. Before they thus fprout out, there is a fmall fpungy lound knob grows, in the infide, Ivhich we call an Apple. This at fir ft; is no bigger than tlie top of one's Finger, but increafeth daijy, fucking up the W;iter till it is grown fo big as to fill up the Cavity of the Coco-nut, and then it be- gins to fprout fortii. By this time the ^Iut that was hard, begins to grow oily ana ipft, thereby giving paflage to the Sprout that fprings from the hard. Tht , (licking ^0 g a hollow )ut a Pint, )f the Nut, '4 wholfom is growing, without any towards its r and fettl? is foftlike increafeth in pe Kernel is ft, therefore [10 know not jng and ibft aping it out c the Water ;r beft when fwecteft and red, the out- lour i fo that ad and dry •, J, after they four Months, indif planted yrow up to a t, there is a n the infide, a: is no bigger reafeith daily, fo big as to id then it be- the Nut that fpfr, thereby ngs from the ApplC) Toddy andArackyLiquors made of the Coco-Tree. ±pi Apple, which Nature hath fo contrived, that it points ^^^J^^ to the hole in the Shell, (of which there are three, ^•OP**' till it grows ripe, juft where it's faftned by its ftalk to the Tree; but one of thefe holes remain open, even wheri it is ripe) through which it creeps and fpreads forth its Branches. You may let thefe teem- ing Nuts fprput out a Foot and half, or two Foot high before you plant them, for they will grow a great while like an Onion out of their own Sub- ftance. ' Belide- the Liquor or Water in the Fruit, there is alfo a fort of Wine drawn from the Tree called Toddy, which looks like Whey. It is fweet and very pleafant, but it is to be drunk within 24 Hours after it is drawn, for afterwards it grows fowre, Thefe that have a great many Trees, draw a Spirit from the fowrc Wine, called Arack. Arack is di- ftill'd alfo from Rice, and other things in the Eaft-Indies ; but none is fo much efteemed for ma^ king Punch as this fort, made of Toddy, or the ^ap'of the Coco-nut Tree, for it makes moft dclir cate Punch ; but it muft have a dafh of Brandy to hearten it, becaufe this Arack is not ftrong enough to make good Punch of itfelf. This fort of Li^ quor is chiefly ufed about Gow, and therefore it lias the Name of Goa Arack- The way of drawing the Toddy from the Tree, is by cutting the top of a Branch that would bear Nuts; but before it has any Fruit -, and froni thence the Liquor which was to feed its Fruit, djftils into the hole qf a Cal- labafh that is hung upon it. This Branch continues running^lmoft as long as the Fruit would have been growing, and then it dries a- way. The Tree hath ufqally three frqitfulBranchea, which if they be all tapp'd thus, then the Tree bears no Fruit that Year ; but if one or twp only be tapped, the other will bear Fruit all the while. The Liquor which is thus drawn is emptied out of the y 3 caiub^m; 294 7heUfes of theCoconuf, An. 1686. Gillabafh duly Morning and Evening, fo long as k continues running, and is fold every Morning and Evening in moft Towns in the Eafl-Indies, and great Gain is produced from it even this way ; but thofe that diftil it and make Arrack, reap the greateft profit. There is alfo great profit made of the Fruit, both of the Nut and the Shell. The Kernel is much ufed in making Broath. "When the Nut is dry, they take off the Husk, and giving two good Blows on the middle of the Nut, it breaks in two equal parts, letting the Water fall on the Ground J then with a fmall Iron Rafp made for the purpofe, the Kernel or Nut is rafped out clean, •which being put into a little frelh Water, makes it become white as Milk. In this milky Water, they boil a Fowl, or any other fort of Flelh, and it makes very favory Br oath. Bnglijh Seamen put this Water into boiled Rice, which they eat inftcad of Rice- inilk, carrying Nuts purpofely to Sea with them. This they learnt from the Natives, But the greateft ufe of the Kernel is to make Oyl, both for burning and for frying. The way to mate the Oyl is to grate or rafp the Kernel, and ftpep it in frefh Water \ then boil it, and fcum off the Oyl af top asitrifes: But the Nuts that make the Oyl ought to be a long time gathered, fo as that m Kernel may be turning foft and oily, Xhc Shejl of this Nut is ufed in the Eaft-Indies for Cups, Pifhes, Ladles, Spoons, and in a manner for ^U eating ^iid dnnking VeiTels, Well-lhaped Nub jt.'C often brought home loEurape, and much efteeni- cd. The Hhsk of the Shell is of great ufe to make Cables i for the ^ry Husk is full of fiiiall String? ^ncj Threads, which being beaten, become foft, ahc} ihe other Subftance which was mixt among jt falls i,-. way 'like Saw^duft, leaving only the Strings. Thefe j^re a^^wards fpup into lon^ Yarns, and twifted i^p in^p Bftlis fQr ^pnvepience; a}i4 ipariy (if thef? -The Trwjitablenefi of CwoTrees. 29; Rope- Yarns joined together make good Cables, -'»• '^8^** This Manufa<4oi:y is chicBy ufed at the MaUfve- ^^''"V^ lilands, and the Threads fent in Balls into all places that trade thither, purpofely for tQ make Cables. I made a Cable at Jchin with fome of it. Thefe arc called Coirg Cables ♦, they will laft very welL But there is another fort of Coiie Cables (as they arc called) that are blark, and more llrong and lailting *, and are made of firings that grow like Horfe-hair, at the heads of certain Trees, almoftlike the Coco- nut Tree, This fort ccmes mod from the Ifland Ti- mor. In the South-Seas ths Spaniards do make Oa- kam to caulk their Ships,with the Husk of the Coco- nut, which is more Serviceable than that made of Hemp, and they fay it will never rot. I have been told by C^ptaia Knox, who wrote the Relation of Ceylon, chat in fome places of India they make a fore of coarfe Cloth of the husk of the Coco-nut. which is ufed for Sails. I my felf have feen a fort of coarfe Sail-cloth made of fuch a kind of fubfiance^ buc whether the fame or no I know not. . I have been the longer on this fubjcdV, to give the ' Reader ^ particular Account of the ufe and profit of a Vegetable, which is poflibly of all others the moft generally ferviceable to the Conveniences, a$ well as the Neceffitics of humane Life. Yet this Tree, chat is of fuch great ufe, and efteemed fo much in the Eajf- Indies, is fcarce regarded in the IVeJl'Jndieiy for want of the knowledge of the bene- fit which it may produce. And 'tis partly for the fake of my Country-men, in our Americfln, Planta- tions, that I have fpoken fp Urgcly of it. For the hot Climates there arc a very proper Soil for it : apd indeed it is fo hardy, both in the railing it, and when grown, that it will thrive as well in dry fan- dy ground as in rich L^nd. I have found themgrov/- jpg very -^vcell in low fandy Iflan.(fls (on the Weft of hmatnt) that are overrflojye^ .yiri^jvfhc §ea cver)f V ^ Spffn^- fc^'V'^^ 296 ne Lfme'Jrieafid Fruit, Bread-fruit, ^»^i686. Spring-tide ; and thoueh the Nuts there s^re not very big, yet this is no lofs, for the Kernel is thick and fweet i and the Milk, or Water in thp infide, is more pleafant and fweet th?in of the Nuts that grow in rich ground, which are commonly large indeed, but not very fweet. Thefe at Guam grow in dry ground, are of a middle fize, and I think the fweetcft that I djd ever tafte. Thys much for the CocQ-nut. The Lime is a fort of baftard or Crabrlimon. The Tree, or Bufh that bears it, is prickly, like a Thorn, growing full of fmall Boughs. In Jamaica^ {ind other places, they make of the Limc-Bulh Fences about Gardens, or any other Tnclofurc, by planting the Seeds clofe together, which growing up thick, fpread abroad, and make a very good Hedge. The Fruit is like a Lemon, but fmaller j the Rind thin, and the ipclofed Subftance full of Juice. The Juice is very tart, yet of a picafant tafte if fweetried with Sugar. It is chiefly ufed for making Punch, both in the Eajl and Weji-lttdies^ as well afnoaf as at Sea, and much of it is for that pur- pofe yearly brought home to England^ from our Weft'Ittdia Plantations. It is alfo ufed for a particu- lar kind of Sauce, which is called Pepper-Sauce, and is made of Cod-Pepper, commonly call'd Guinea- Pepper, boiled in Water, and then pickled with Salt, and mixed witK Lime-juice to preferve it. Limes grow plentiful in the Eaft and iVeJl-Indies^ within the Trqpicks. The Bread-fruit (as we call it) gr- ws on a large Trecj ?is big and high as our largeft Apple-Trees. It hath a (breading Head full of Branches, and dark Ji^eavcs. The Ffuit grows on the Boughs like Ap- ples : it is as big as a Penny-loaf, when Wheat ii at five Shillings the Bufliel. It is of a round Ihape, and ha;th a th'ck tough Rind. When the Fruit ii ribc, it is yellow and fofc -, and the tafte Is fweet frmf, c ^Tc not lel is thick th? infide. Nuts that lonly large Guam grow I think the luch for the Crabrlimon. :kly, like a In Jamaica, Limc-Bulh cloiurc, by ich growing I very good but fmaller -, ;ancc full of f a plcafant efly ufed for ^eji- Indies, as for that pur- /, from our •or a particu- •epper-Saucc, callM Guinea- pickled with I preferve it. i IVejl-Indieiy «rs on a large )ple-Trees. It .es, and dark ghs like Ap- len Wheat is round fliape, 1 the Fruit is afte is fweet apd The Natives of Guam. 297 and plcafant. The Natives of this Mand ufc it for -"JjlJlJ^ Bread : they gather it when full grown, while it is ^^^'^ green and hard ; then they bake it in an Oven, which fcorcheth the rind and makes it black : bur they fcrape off the outfide black Cruft, and there remains a tender thin Cruft, and the infide it foft, tender and white, like the Crumb of a Penny Loaf. There is neither Seed nor Stone in the infide, but all is of a pure fubftance like Bread : it muft be eaten new, for if it is kept above 24 Hours, it be- comes dry, and eats har(h and choaky ; but 'tis very pleafant before it is too ftale. This Fruit lafts in feafon eight Months in the Year ; during which time the Natives cat no other fort of Food of Bread-kind, I did never fee of this Fruit any where but here. The Natives told us, that there is plenty of this Fruit growing on the reft of the Ladrone Illands \ and 1 did never hear of any of it any where elfe. They have here fome Rice alfo : but the Ifland being of a dry Soil, and therefore not very proper for it, they do not fow very much. Filh is fcarcc abour this Idand -, yet on the (hole that our Bark came over there was great plenty, and the Natives commonly go thither to fifh. The Natives of this Ifland are ftrong-bodied, lirge-limb'd, and well- fhap'd. They are Copper^ coloured, like other Indians. : their Hair is black and long, their Eyes meanly proportioned j they have pretty high Nofes •, their Lips arc pretty full, and their Teeth indifferent white. They are long- viliiged, and ftern of countenance i yet we founq > them to be affable and courteous. They are rpany of them troubled with a kind of Leprofie, This Diftemper is very common at Mindanao: xh&fcioT(^ II Ihall fpeak more of it in my next Chapter. They of Guam are oci>erwire very healthy, cfpecially in the I dry feafon: but in the wet feafon, which comes in in Jime^. and holds .. till OMer, xhc Air is mor? thifk 10 S TroeSt a fort of Xxa^izxi Boats* ^». 1686. thick and unwholfomc; which occafions Fevers* iyV>J but the Rains are not violent nor lading. For the Ifland lies fo far wefterly from the Philippine Iflands, or any other Land, that the wefterly Winds do fel- dom blow fo far ; and when they do, they dc not laft long: but the eafterly Winds do conftantly blow here, which are dry and healthy ; and this Ifland is found to be very healthful, as we were Informed while we lay by it. The Natives are very ingenious beyond any People, in making Boats, or Ptoes, as they are called in the Eaji-Inaies, and therein they take great delight. Thefe are builc fliarp at both ends ; the bottom is of one piece, made like the bottom of a little Canoa, very neatly dug, and left of .1 good fubftance. This bottom* part is inftead of a Keel. It is about 26 or 28 Foot long i the under-part of this Keel is made round, but inclining to a wedge, and fmooth •, and the upper- part is almoft flat, having a very gentle hollow, and is about a Foot broad : From hence both fides of tiic Boat are carried up to about five Foot high with nar* row Plank, not above four or five Inches broad, and .each end of the Boat turns up round, very pretti- ly. But what is very fingular, one fide of the Boat is made perpemlicular, like a Wall, while the o- ther fide is rounding, made as other Veflels are, with a pretty full belly. Juft in the middle it is about four or fiveFoot broad alofc,or more,according to the leneth of the Boat. The Maft ftands exadly in the middle, with a long Yard that peeps up and down like a Mizen-yard. One end of it reacheth down to the end or head of the Boat, where it a placed in a notch, that is made there purpofely to receive it, and keep it faft. The other end hangs over the Stern i To this Yard the Sail is faftened, At the Foot of the Sail there is another fmall Yard, to keep the Sail out fquare, and to roll up the ' on when it blows bard j for it fcrves inftpad of a Reel, Reef I accorc Belly. or fcv( noa, i Jong ai above and ve arc twc as big I one ne fcven f of whic TroeSt or Indian Boats, 299 Reef to take up the Sail to what degree they pleafe, •^'»' «^*5» according to the ftrength of the Wind. Along the ^^/'V^ Bdly-fide of the Boat, parallel with it, at about fix or feven Footdiftance, lies another fmall Boat, orCa- noa, being a Log of very light Wood, almoft as long as the great Boat, but not fo wide, being not above a Foot and an half wide at the upper part, and very fliarp like a Wedge at each end. And there arc two Bamboes of about eight or i o Foot long,and as big as one's Leg, placed over the great Boat's fide, one near each end of ir, and reaching about fix or feven Foot fronn the fide of the Boat : By the help of which, the little Boat is made firm and conti^ guous to the other. Thefe are generally called by the Dutch, and by the Englifh from them. Out- hjers. The ufe of them is to keep the great Boat upright from over-ferting •, becaufe the Wind here being in a manner conftantly Eaft, Cor if it were at Weft it would be the fame thing) and the Range of thefe Iflands, where their bufinefs lies too and fro, being moftly North and South, they turn the flat fide of the Boat againft the Wind, upon which j they fail, and the Belly-fide, confequently with its I Jitile Boat, is upon the Lee : And the Veflel having hi Head at each end, fo as to fail with either of them foremoft (indifferently ) they need not tack, or go about, as all our Veflels do, but each end of the Boat ferves either for Head or Stern as they pleafe. When they ply to Windward, and are Itninded to go about, he that fleers bears away 4 llittje from the Wind, by which means the Stern Ifomes to the Wind i which is now become the Head^ Ipnly by fliiftjn^ the end of the Yard. This Boat is leered with a brofld Paddle, inflead of a Ruddcn have been the :nj«Fe particular in defcribing thefe ^oats, becaufe J do believe, they fail che beft of any Joats in the World. I did here for my own fatis* ■ fifdfQp, try the fwif^npfs of one of them ■} failing - 300 The State of the Spaniards at Guam J 'Atf. 1^86. by our Log, we had j2 Knots on our Reel, and flic ^"^^V^^ run it all out before the half Minute-Glafs was half out ; which, if it had been no more, is after the rate of 1 2 Mile an Hour •, but I do believe flic would have run 24 Mile an Hour. It was very plcafant to fee the little Boat running along fo fwift by the others fide. The Native Indians are no lefs dextrous in ma- naging than in building thefe Boats. By report they will go from hence to another of the Laarom Iflands abo'it 30 Leagues off, and there do their BuHnefs, and return again in lefs than i 2 Hours. I was told that one of thefe Boats was fent Exprefs to Manila^ which is above 400 Leagues, and performed the Voyage in four Days time. There are of thefe Proes ji Boats ufed in many places of the Eaji-Indies, but with a Belly and a little Boat on each fide. Only at Mindanao I faw one like thefe, with the Belly and a little Boat only on one fide, and the other flat, but not fo neatly built. The Indians of Guam have neat little Houfes, very handfomly tliatchM with Palmeto-thatch. They in- habit together in Villages built by the Sea, on th?| Weft-fide, and have Spani/h Pricfts to inftru6t them| in the Chriftian Religion. . The Spaniards have a fmallForton the Weft-fide, I near the South-end, with fix Guns in it. There is a Governour, and 20 or 30 Spani/h Soldiers. There are no more Spaniards on. this Ifland,- befide two or three Priefts. Not long before we arrived here, the Natives rofe on the Spaniards to deftroy them,andcli(l ]f\\\ many: But the Governour with his SoldiersI at length prevailed, and drove them out of tlwl Fort : So when they found thcmfelves difappoint* cd of their intent, they deftroy^ed the Plahtatioml and Stock, and then went away to other Iflahds:! There were then three or 400 Indians on this Ifland \ (pit aow there arc not above 100 j for all that werfi in Houfes, very :h. Theyin- le Sea, onthd inftruft them .n." the Weft-flck, t. There isa Idiers. There befide twoot rived here, M ythem,ancldid th his Soldiers ;m out of the! vcs difappoint- the Plantations other lOahdsi onthislftandil w all that wen inl neir Treating for Trovijtonsl 301 in this Confpiracy went away. As for thefe who An. i68tf* yet remain, if they were not actually concerned in that broil, yet their Hearts alfo are bent againft the Spaniards : for they offered to carry us to the Fort, and affift us in the Conqueft of the Ifland ; but Capt. Swan was not for molefting the Spaniards here. Before we came to an anchor here, one of the Priefts came aboard in the Night with three Indians, They firft haled us to know from whence we came, and what we were : to whom anfwer was made in Spanijh, that we were Spaniards, and that we came from Aeapulco, It being dark they could not fee the make of our Ship, nor very well difcern what we were:. Therefore we came aboard j but perceiving the miftake they were in, in taking us for a Spanijb Ship, they endeavoured to get from us again, but we held their Boat faft, and made them c6me in. Capt. Swan received the Prieft with much Civility, and conducing him into the great Cabbin, declared,That the reafon of our coming to this Ifland was want of Provifion, and that he came not in any hoilile manner, but as a Friend to purchafe with his Mo- ney what he wanted: And therefore defired the Pi-icft to write a Letter to the Governour, to inform him what wc were, and on what accour /e came. For having him now aboard, the Capw.^in Was willing to detain him as an Hoflage, till we had Provifion. The Padre told Captain Swjn, that Provifion was now fcarce on the Ifland ; but h ; would engage, that the Governour would do His utmoft to |furni(h us. In the Morning the Indians, in whofe Boat or 'roe the Friar came aboard, were fent to the Go- wnour with two Letters ; one from the Friar, and mother very obliging one from Capt. S-ivan, and a Went of four yards of Scarlet-cloath, and a piece )f broad Silver and Gold-Lace. The Governour: (ives near the South-end of the Ifland oft the Weft-, fidej 3»i The Governmr's Trefcnts to Capt. Swan. An. i68d. fide ; which Was about five Leagues from the place tOr>-' where we were ; therefore we did not cxped an Anfwer till the Evening, not knowing then how nimble they were. I'herefore when the Indian C»noa was difpatched away to the Govcrnour, wc hoifed out two of our Canoas, and fent one a fiihing, and the other afliorc br Coco-nuts. Our fifhing Canoa got nothing j but the Men that went alhore for Coco-nuts came off laden. About II a Clock, that fame Morni^.g, the Go* vcrnour of the Ifland fent a Letter to Capt. 5wrt«, (Complimenting him for his Prefent» and promifing to fuoport us with as much Provifion as he could pofTiBk fparc \ and as a Token of his Gratitude, he lent a Prefent of fix Hogs, of a fmall fort, moft ex* cellent Meat,, the belt I think, that ever I cat.' They are fed with Coco-nuts, and their Flefh is as hard as Brisket-Beef. They were doubtlefs of that breed in America which came originally from Spm, He fent alfo 1 2 Musk-melons,larger than ours in En^ landf and as many Water-melons, both forts here | being a very excellent Fruit i and fent an order m j the Indians that lived in a Village not far from our Ship, to bake every Day as much of the Bread-fruit as we did defire, and to afllft us in getting as many| dry Ccco-nuts as we would have j which they ac« cordingly did, and brought off the Bread-Fruit eve* ry Day hot, as much as we could eat. After this the I Governour fent every Day a Canoa or two with Hogs and Fruit, and defired for the fame Powder, Shot and Arms ; which were fent according to hi! Rqqueft. We had a delicate large Engli/h Dog, tvhich the Governour did defire, and had it given] him very freely by the Captain, though much a- ^ainft the grain of many of his Men, who hadal great value for that Dog. Captain Sivan endea-l vouredtaget this Governour's Letter of RecomI inendation to fome Merchants at Manila, for he had The Acapulco Ship narrowly efeafes theml } o j had then a defign to go to Fort St. Georg^y and from ^»' i686. thence intended to trade to Mitnila : but this his de- K/'V^ fign was concealed from the Company, While we lay here, the Acapulco Ship arrived in fight of the Ifland, but did not come in the fight of U9 % for the Governour fent an Indian Proe, with advice of our being here. Therefore Ihe ftood off to the South- ward of the Ifland, and coming foul of the fame ihole that our Bark had run over before, was in great danger of bein^ loft there, for flie ftruck off I her Rudder, and with much ado got clear •, but not till after three Days labour. For tho* the (hole be To near the Ifland, and the Indians ep off and fi(h there every Day, yet the Matter of the Acapulc9 Ship, who Ihould (one would think) know thefe Parts, was utterly ignorant oi it. This their ftriking Ion the fliole we heard afterward, when we were on Ithe Coaft of Manila ; but thefe Indians of Guam did Ifpeak of her being in fight of the Ifiand while we [lay there, which put our Men in a great heat to go But after her, but Captain Swan perfuaded them 3ut of that humour, for he was now wholly averfe |to any Hoftile adion. The 30th Day of Mjy, the Governour fent his laft Prcfent, which was fome Hogs, a Jar of pickled langoes, a Jar of excellent pickled Fifli, and a Jar bf fine Rusk, or Bread of fine Wheat-Flower, ba- led like Bisket, but not fo hard. He fenc befides, nx or feven Packs of Rice,defiring to be cxcufed from ending any more Provifion to us, faying he had io more on the Ifland that he could fpare. He pt word alfo, that the Weft Monfoon was at hand, hat therefore it behoved us to be jogging from icnce, unlefs we were refolved to return back to imerica again. Captain Swan returned him thanks y his kindnefs and advice, and took his leave ». lid the fame Day fent the Friar afhoar, that was jized on at our nrft arrival, and gave him a large Braft 304 Their Trovi/tons for their yoyage. Jim, 1686. Brafs Clock, an Aftrolable, and a large Tclcfcopc » O^VNJ for which Prcfcnt ihc Friar fcnt us aboard fix Hogs, and a roafting Pig, three or four Bulhels of Pota.' toes, and 50 Pound of Manila Tobacco. Then wc prepared to J)e gone, being pretty well furnilhcd with Provifion to carry us td Mindano^ where wc defigned next to touch. We took aboard us as many Coco-nuts as we could well ftow. and v/e had a good (lock of Rice, and about 50 Hogs ia iJUt. CHAP. They dejlgn for Mindanao. CHAR XI. 305 -/». 1(586. They refolve to go to Mindanao. Their depar^ ture from Guam. Of the Philippine IJlands. The JJle Luconia, and its chief Town and Tortj Manilo, Manila, ^rManilbo. Of the rich Trade we might eftablipi with thefe IJlands, ot. John's IJIand, They ^arr/v^tfr Mindanao. The JJland defer ibed Its Ftrtility, The Lib- by Trees, and the Sago made of them. The 'Plantain Tree, Fruit, Liquor y and Cloith. A fmaller Plantain at Mindanao. . The Bonano, Of the Clove-bark, Cloves and Nutmegs, and the Methods taken by the Dutch to monopo- lize the Spices, The Bet el- Nut, and Arek- Tree. The Duricn, and the Jaa-Tree and Fruit, The Beajls of Mindanao. Ccntcpees or Forty Legs, a 'venomous InfeB, and others. Their Fowls, Fifh, &c. The Temperature of the Climate^ with the Courfe of the Windsy Tornadoes, Rain, and Temper of the Air throughout the Tear, WHilc we lay at Guam, we took up a Refb- lution of going to \lindanao, one of the Philippine Iflands, being told by the Friar and others, that it was exceedingly well ftored with Provifi- ons ; that the Natives were Mahometans, and thjit they had formerly a Commerce with the Spaniards, but that now they were at Wars with them. This IHand was therefore thought to be a convenient place for us to go ; for befides that it was in our X way iod nyeparture from Guam. I. tf St. John. ^n^6%6 way to the Eajl-Indies, which Vrc had refolved to *^^^^^ vifit ; and that the Wefterly Monfoon was at hand, which would oblige us» to (heker fomewhere in a Ihort time, and that we could not expeft good Harbours in a better place than in fo large an Iffand Hi^ Mindanao I befides all this, I fay, the inhabitants of Mindanao being then, as we were told, (tho* falfly) at Wars with the Spaniards, our Men, who it Ihould feem were very fqueamifh of plundering without Licence, ^ derived hopes from thence of getting a Commiffion there from the Piince of the Illand, to plunder the Spanijh Ships about Manila, and fo to make Mindanao their common Rendezvous, And if Captain Swan was minded to go to an En- ^ifh Port, yet his Men, who thought he intended to leave their, hoped to get Veflcls and Pilots at Mindanao fit for their turn, to cruize on the Coaft of Manila, As for Capcsin Swan, he was willing enough to go thither, as bed fuiting his own de- lign \ and therefore this Voyage was conclu4ed on by general confent. Accordingly June 2d, 1686, we left Guam, bound for Mindanao. We had fair Weather, and a pretty fmart gale of Wind at Eaft, for 3 or 4 Days, and tJhen it fliifted to the S. W. being rainy, but it foo;i came about again to the Eaft, and blew a gentle gale ; yet it often fhuffled about to the S. £. For though in the Eaft-Indies the Winds fhift in April, yet we found this to be the fhifting Seafon for the Wiods here ; the o»her Ihifting SealoR being in O^ioher^ fooner or later, all over India, As to our Courfe from Guam to the Philippine Idsinds, we found it (as I intimated before) agreeable enough with the account of our common Draughts. The 2ift Day of June we arrived at the Illand Si. John, which is one of the Pbilipiine ltia.n6s. The Philippines MTt a great company of large Iflands, ta- king up about 13 deg. of Lat. in length> reaching near Philippine IJlands, Lucotiia, Manilor |6f near upon, from 3 d. of North LaC. to the 19th de- wf».i686. gree, and in breadth about 6 dcg. of Longitude. ^^'VN* They derive this Name from Pbulip II. King of Spain ', and even now do they moft of them belong to that Crown. The chiefefl: Ifland in this Range is Luconia^ which lies on the North of them all. At this IHand Magellan died on the Voyage ihat he was making round the World. For after he had paft thofe Streights bcr tween the South-end of America and ^erra del Fuego^ which now bear his Name, and had ranged down in the South-Seas on the back of /America ; from thence ftrctching over to the Eajl-Tndies, he fell in with the Ladroneldind^, and from thence fleering Eaft ftill, he fell in with thefe Philippine Iflands, and anchored fit Luconia \ where he warr'd with the native Indians^ to bring them in Obedience to his Mailer the King of Spaitt^ and was by them kill'd with a poy- foned Arrow. It is now wholly under the Spam- firdSf who have feveral Towns there. The chief is Maniiot which is a large Sea^port Town near the S. £. end, oppolite to the IHand Mindora. It is a place of great Strength and Trade : The two great: Acapulco Ships before mentioned fetching from hence all ibrts of Eaji-Tndia Commodities *, which arc brought hither by Foreigners, efpecially by the Cbine/e, and the Portugefe, Sometimes the ^nglijb Merchants of Fort St, George fend their Ships hither ^ it were by ftealth, under the charge of Portu- guefe Pilots and Mariners : For as yet we cannot get the Spaniards there to a Commerce with us or the Dutcby although they have but few Ships of their own. This fec^nris to arife from a Jealoufi? or Fear of difcovcing the Riches of thefe Iflands, for moft, if not all the Philippine Iflands, are rich jn Gold : And the Spaniards have no place of much i^rength in all thefe Idinds that I could ever hear pt; befidcs H(inilo it felf. Yet they have Villages X 2 and » -7 |o8 Philippine i/Z«»ix. IJle of St. John. jih. i6i6. and Towns on feyeral of the Iflands, and Padres or ^yy\J Priefts to inftru(5t the native Indians, from whom they get their Gold. ■The Spatiijh Inhabitants of the fnnaller Iflands efpecially, would willingly trade with us if the Go- vernment was not fo feyere againfl it: for they have no Goods but what are brought from Manila at an extraordinary dear rate. I am of the Opini- on, that if any of our Nations will feek a Trade with them, they would not lofe their labour*, for tlie Spaniards can and will fmuggle Cas our Seamen call trading by ftealth) as well as any Nation that I kno\y i and our Jamaicans are to their profit fen- fible tnough of it. And I have been informed that Captain Goodlud of London, in a Voyage which he made from Mindanao to China, touch*d at fpme of thefe Iflands, and was civilly treated by the Spa- niardSi who bought fonie of his Commodities, giv- ing him a very good Price for the fame. There are about 12 or 14 more large Iflands ly- ihg*'to the Southward of Lticonia j mofl: of which, as I faid before, are hi habited by iht Spaniards. Bt- fides thefe there are an infinite number of fmall Iflands of no acconpt, and even the great Iflands, many of them, ard without Names; or at leaft fo varioufly iet down, that I find the fame Iflands named by divers Names. The Ifland St. John and Mindanao are the fou- thermofl: of all thefe Iflands, and are the only Iflands in all this Range that, are not fubjeft to the Spaniards. St. John's Ifland is on the Eafl:-fide of the Min- danao, and difl:ant from it 3 or 4 Leagues^ It is inlar. about 7 or 8 North. This Ifland is in length about 38 Leagues, ftretching N. N. W. andS.^. E. and it is in breadth about 2.4 Leagues, in the iliiddle of the Ifland The northermpfl: end is feroader, and the fouthermoll is narrower: This Ifland is of ? good Their arrival at Mindanao. 309 good herghth, , and is full of many fmall Hills. The ^«^«68d.. |,and at ^he South-Eaft-end (where I was afhoar/^-^'^VN/' is of a black fat Mould i; and the whole Ifland if ems to partake of the fame fatnefs, by the vaft number of large Trees that it producethj for it jdoks all over like one great Grove. - As we were pafling by the" S. E. end we- faw a Canoa of the Natives under the (hoar; therefore one of our Canoas went after to have fpoken with her i but flie run away from us, feeing thehifelves chaced, put their Canoa afhoar, leaving her, fled into the Woods i nor would be allured to come to us, altho' we did what we could to entice them; be- fides thefe Men, we faw no more here, nor fign of any Inhabitants at this end. . When we came aboard our Ship ngain, we (leered away for the Ifland Mindanao^, y^hich was now fair in fight of us: it being about .10 leagues difl:ant from this part of St. John*$. Th^ 2 2d day we came within a league of the Eafl:-fide of the Ifland Min- danao,9fid having the Wind at S. E. we fteeredi toward the North-end, keeping on the Eaft-fide, till we came^ into the lat. of 7 d. 40 m. and there we anchored in g fmall Bay, about a Mih from the Shoar, in 10 Fathom Water, rocky foul Ground. Some of our ijtooks gave us an account, that Mindanao City and Ifle lies in 7;d. 40 m. We gucfl: that the^ middle of the Ifland might lie in this lac. but we were at c great lofs where to find i;he City, whether on:the:^alt or Weft-fide. Indqejd^ had it been a fmall Ifland, lying open to the Eaftern Wind, we might probably have fearched firft on the Weft-fide i for commonly the Ifunds \vijh,in the Tropicks, or within the bounds of the Trade- Winds, have their Harbours on the Weft- fide, as beft flieltered \ bat the Ifland Mindanao being guarded on the Eaft-fids by St. John*^ Ifland, we might as rea- lonably txpc(5t to find the Harbour and City on X 3 this %^^v*^ 8 to /^^ *^ *"y ^^cre clfc : but coming into the "^ Lit. in which we judg'd the City mij^ht be, found no Canoas, or People, that might give ^any um* brage of a City, or place of Trade near at hand, tho' we coafted within a League of the Shoar. The IHand Mindanao is the bi^geft of all the Pbi- Uppine Iflands except Luconia, It is about 60 Leagues l6ng, and 40 or 50 broad. The SoutK-end is in Jibout 5 d. N. and the N. W. end reacheth almoft to 8 d. N. It is a very mountainous Ifland, full of Hills and Valleys. The Mould in general is deep and black and extraordinary fat and fruitful. The fides 6f the Hills are ftony, yet productive enough of very large tall Trees. In the heart of the Coun- try there are fome Mountains that yield good Gold. The Valleys are well moiftned With plca- fant Brooks, and fmall Rivers oF delicate Water j and have Trees of divers forts flourifhing and green all the Year. The Trees in general are very large, and mofl: of them are of kinds unknown to u^. There is one fort whkH deferves partieular no- tice J called by the Natives JLf^^y-Trees. Thefe grow wild in great Groves of 5 or 6 Miles long, by the fides of the Rivers. Of thefe Trees Sago is hiade, which the poor Country People efet inftead of Bread 3 or 4 Months in the Year. This Tree for its body and fiiajpe is much like the Palmcto-Tree, or the Cabbage-Tree, but not (b tall as the latter. The Bark and Wood is hard and thin like a Shell, ahd full of white Pith, like the Pith of an Elder. This Tree they cut down, and fpHt it in tlie mid- dle ard fcrape out all the Pith ; which they beat luftily with a Wooden Feftle in a great Mortar or Trough, and then put it into a Cloch or Strainer held ^ver a Trough i and pouring Water in among the Pith, they ftir it about in the Cloth : So the Water carries all the Subftance of the Pith through the Cloth down into the Trough, leaving nothing in the Sago, ne Plantain Tree or Shrub. ^w the Cloth but a light fort of Husk, which they ah. 1686. throw away j but that which felJs into the Trough vy^T^ fettles in a fhort time to the bottom like Mud *, and then they draw off tLe Water, and take up the muddy Subftance, wherewith they make Cakes ; which being bak'd proves very good Bread. The Mindanao reople live 3 or 4 Months of the Year on this Food for their Bread-kind. The Na- tive Indians of Teranate, and lldore, and all the Spice^ Jflands, have plenty of thefe Trees, and ufe them for Food in the fame manner ; as I have been in- form*d by Mr. Card Rofy^ who is now Commander of one of the King's Ships. He was one of our Company at this time *, and being left with Captain Swan at Mindanao, went afterwards to teranate^ and lived there among the Dutch a Year or two. The Sago which is tranfported into other parts of the Eaji- Indies, is dried in fmall pieces like little Seeds or Comfits, and commonly eaten with Milk ' of Almonds, by thofe that are troubled with the Flux *, for it is a great binder, and very good in that Diflempcr. In fome places of Mindanao there is plenty of Rice ; but in the hilly Land they plant Yams, Po- tatoes, and Pumpkins ; all which thrive very well. The other Fruits of this Ifland are Water- Melons, Musk-Melons, Plantains, Bonanoes, Guavas, Nut- megs, Cloves, Betel-Nuts, Durians, Jacks, or Jacas, Coco-Nuts, Oranges, £*ff. The Plantain I take to be the King of all Fruit, not except the Coco it feif. The Tree that bears this Fruit is about 3 Foot, or 3 Foot and an half round, and about 10 or 12 Foot high. Thefe Trees are not raifed from Seed, (for they feem not to have anyj but from the Roots of other old Trees. If thefe young Suckers are taken out of the Ground, and planted in another place, it will be 15 Months be- fore they bear, but if let ftand in their own native X4 SoU The Tkntain Tree, Soil they will bear in 12 Months. As foon as the Fruit is ripe the Tfee decays, but then there are many young ones growing, up to fupply its place. When this Tree firlt fprings out of the Ground, it comes up with two Leaves i and by chct time it is a Foot high, two more fpring up in the infide of them \ and in a fhort time after two more within them i and fo on. By that time the Tree is a Month old, you may perceive a fmall body almoft as bi^ as one's Arm, and then there are eight or ten Leaves, feme of them four or five Foot high. The firft Leaves that it ihoots forth are not above a Foot long, and half a Foot broad ; and the Stem that bears them no big- ger than one's Finger i but as the Tree grows higher the Leaves are larger^ As the young Leaves fpring up in the infide, fo the old Leaves fpread off, and their tops droop downward, being of a greater length and breadth, by how much they are nearer th« RoQt, and at laft decay and rot off: but ftill there are young Leaves fpring up out of the top, which makes the Tree look always green and flouriihing. "When the Tree is full grown, the leaves are 7 or 8 Foot long, and a Foot and half broad i towards the end they are fmaller, and end with a round point. TheStem of the Leaf is as big asa Man's Arm, almoft round, and about a Foot in length, between the Leaf and the Body of the Tree. That part of the Stem - which comes from the Tree, if it be the out fide Leaf, feems to indole half the Body as it were with a thick Hide ; and right againft it, on the other fide of the Tree, is another fuch anfwering to it. The next two Leaves, in the infide of thefe, grow oppofite to each other in the fame manner, but fo that if the two outward grow North and South, thefe grow Eaft and Weft, and thofe ftill within them keep the fame order. Thus the Body of this Tree feeins to be made up of many thick Skins, growing one over another, and when it is full grown, there fprings The Plantain Fruit* atf fprings out of the top a ftrong Stem, harder in fub^ -<*»• i684. ftance than any other part of the Body. Ihis Stem ^yVNj. fhoots forth at the Heart of the Tree,: is as big as a Man's Arm, and as long*, and the Fruit grows in clufters round it, firft bloflbming and then Ihooting; forth the Fruit. It is fo excellent, that the Spaniards give it the prehcminence of all other Fruit, as moft conducing; to Life. It grows in a Cod about 6 or 7 Inches Icng, and as big as a Man*s Arm. The Shell*' Rind or Cod, is foft, and of a yellow colour when ripe. It refembles in (hape a Hogs gut Pudding. The inclofed Fruit is no harder than Butter in Winter, > and is much of the colour of the pureft yellow But- ter. Ic is of a delicate tafte, and melts in one's Mouth like Marmalet. It is all pure Pulp, without any Seed, Kerjiel or Stone. This Fruit is fo much efteemed by all Europeans that fettle in America^ that when they; make a new Plantation, they commonly begin with a good Plantain-walk, as they call it, or a Field of Plantain? ; and as their Family increafeth, fo they augment the Plantain-walk, keeping one Man pur- Ipi'ely to prune the Trees, and gather the Fruit as he fees convenient. For the Trees continue beai ing, fome or other, moft part of the Year ; and this is many times the whole Food on which a whole Family fubfifts. They thrive only in rich fat ground, for poor fandy will not bear them. The \ Spaniards in their Towns in America, as at Havana^ I Cartagena^ Portobel, &;c. have their Markets full of Plantains, it being the common Food for poor iPeople : Their common price is half a Riol, ox ^ d. a Dozen. "When this Fruit. is only ufcd for Bread, it is roafted Or boil'd when it's juft full grown» but not yet ripe, or turn'd yellow. Poor People, or ' l^Iegroes, that have neither Fifli nor Flefli to cat with it, make Sauce with Cod-pepper, Salt and Lime-juice, which makes it eat very favory ; much better than a cruft cf Bread alone. Smetimes for rr4 TlantainFrtiit and 7)rink, J». i6i6. a chKoge they eat a roalled Plantain, and a ripe l^V^ raw Plaintain together, which is infVead of Bread and Butter. They eat very picafant fo, and I have made many a ^ood Meal in this Manner. Some. times our Engltjb take 5 or 7 ripe Plantains, and maHiing them together, make them into a lump, and boil them inftead of a Bag-pudding ; which they Cdli a BufF- Jacket : and this is a very good way for a change, I'his Fruit makes alio very good Tarts •, and the green Plantains flic*d thin, aiid dk led ill the Sun, and stated, will make a fort of Flour which is very g'>od to make Puddings. A ripe Plantain flic*d ana dried in the Sun may be prcfervcd a great while ; and tt.on cat like Figs, ▼cry fweet nnd pleafant. The Darien Indinns prc- fcrve them a long time, by drying them gently over the Fire ; mafhing them firfl:, and moulding them into lumps. The Moskito Indians will take a ripe Plantain and road it ; then take a pint and half of "Water in a Calabalh, and fqueeze the Plantain in pieces with their Hands, mixing it with the Water ; then they drink it all off together : This they call MiJiilaWy and it's pleafant and fweet, and nou^ rilhing : fomewhat like Lambs-wool fas 'tis call'dj made with Apples and Ale : and of thi? Fruit alone many thoufand of Indian Families in xht JVeft-Indiei have their whole fubfiftence. When they make Drink with them, they take »o or 12 ripe Plantains and malh them well in a Trough : then thjy put 2 Gallons of Water among thern \ and this in 2 Hoars time will ferment and froth like Wort. In 4 Hours it is fit to drjnk, and then they bottle v'., and drink ic as they have occafion : but this will not keep above 54 c r 30 Hours. Thofetheiefore that ufe this Drink, urewit in this manner every Morning. When I went firft to Jamaica I could relifh no other drink they had there, It drinks brisk and cool, and is very pleiifant. This Prink is windy, and fp is the Fruit eaten raw-, tut i boira Tlanuin Cloth* axf boilM or roaftcd it is not fo. If this Drink is kept **?».»^^ above 30 Hours it grows fliarp : but if then it lae put ^^/VNI out in the Sun, it will become very good Vine* gar. This Fruit grows all over the fViefl- Indies fin the proper Climates^ at Guniea^ and in the Eaft-Indieu As the Fruit of this Tree is of great ufe for Food, fo is the Body no lefs ferviceable to make Cloaths 1 but this I hever knew till I came to this Ifland. The oidinary People of Mindanao do wear no other Cloth. The Tree never bearing but once, and fa being feird when the Fruit is ripe, they cut it down clofe by the Ground if they intend to make Cloth [with it. One blow with a Hatchet, or long 1 Knife, will ftrike it afunder ; then they cut off the top, leaving the trunk 8 or i o footlor.g.. ftrippingoff the outer Rind, which is thickeft towards the lower end, having ftript 2 or 3 of thefe Rinds, the Trunk becomes in a manner all of one bignefs, and of a whitifh colour : Then they fplit the Trunk in the Imiddle ; which being done, they fplit the two [halves again, as near the middle as they can. Thid jthey leave in the Sun 2 or 3 Days, in which time [part oF the juicy fubftance of the Tree dries away, land then the ends will appear full of fmall Threads. |The Women, whofe employment it is to make the Cloth, take hold of thofe Threads one by one, vhich rend away eafily from one end of the frnnk to the other, in bignefs like whited-brown "aread •, for the Threads are naturally of a determi- nate bignefs, as I obferved their Cloth to be all of \t fubftance and equal finenefs ; but *tis ftubborrt shennew, wears out foon, and when wet, feels a, lide flimy. They make their pieces 7 or 8 Yards long, their Warp and Woof all one thicknels and abidance. There is Another foit of Plantains in that Ifland, [fhith are Ihorter and lefs than the others, which 1 never liiw any where but here. Thefe are full of 31^ Bonano'St Clove- Bark, Clove fy Nutmegs. jbt. i6S6. of black S sds mixt quite through the Fruit. They i/yV) are binding, and are much eaten by thofe that have Fluxes. The Country People gave them us for that ufe, and with good fuccefs. The Bonano Tree is exadlly like the Plantain for fhape and bigncls, not eafily difcinguifhable from it Ijut by its Fruic, which is a gre^t deal fmaller, and not above half fo long as a Plantain, being alfo more mellow and fofc, lefs lufcious, yet of a more ^clicate tafte. They ufe this for the making Drink giftner than Plai^tains, and it is beft when ufed for prink, or eaten as Fruit *, but it is not fo good for Bread, nor doth it eat well at all when roafted or boilMi fo *tis only neceflity that makes any ufeit this way. They grow generally where Plantains do, being fet intcrmixt with them purpofely in their Plantain- walks. They have plenty of Clove- Ipark, of which I fdw a Ship-loac' \ and asfor Cloves,! ^(ija Lat{(, whofn I fhall nave occafion to mention, fold me, that if the Englijh would fettle there, thry could order Matters fo in a little time, as to fend a Ship-load of Cloves from thence every Year. 1 have been informed that they grow on the Boughs 6f a Tree about as big as a Plumb-tree, but I ne| vcr happened to fee any of them. I have not feen the Nutmeg-trees any where •» bull the. Nutmegs this Ifland produceth are fair and large,! yet they have no great (tore of them, being unwilf ling to propagate them or the Cloves, for fear thitj fhould invite the Duich to vifit them, and bringi them into fubjedtion, as they have done the reft ofl the neighbouring Iflands where they grow. Fori the Dutch being feated arr.ong the Spice-IflandJ Jiave monoplized all the Trade into their own! Hands, and will not fuffer any of the Natives tflT difpofe of it, but to themfelves alone. Nay, they ^re fo Careful to preferve it in their own Handsi th^ they will not fuffer the Spice to grow in th The livxch monopolize the Spice. 117 uninhabited Iflands, but fend Soldiers to cut the An. 1686. Trees down. Captain Rofy told me, that while he ""^^T^ lived with the Dutch^ he was fent with other Mth to cut down the Spice-Trees ; and that he himfelf did at feveral times cut down 7 or 800 Trees. Yet altho* thu Dutch take fuch care todeftroy them, there ere many uninhabited Iflands that have great plenty of Spice-Trees, as I have been informed by Dutch Men that have been there, particularly by a Cap- tain of Ji Dutch Ship that I met with at Aching who told me, that near the Idand Battda there is an Ifland where the Cloves falling from the Trees do lieand rot on the ground, and they are at the time when the Fruit falls, 3 or 4 Inches thick under the Trees. He and fome others told me, that it would not be a hard matter for an Englijb Veflcl to pur- chafe a Ship's Cargo of Spice, of the Natives of fome of thefe Spice- Iflands. He was a fr°e Merchant that told me this. For by that nam? rhe Dutch and Englijh in the Eaft-Iit' Um^ diftingui h thofe Merchants who are not Ser- vants to the Company. The free Merchants arc not fuffered to trade to the Spice-Iflands, nor to many other places where the Dutch have Fadories *, but on the other Hand, they aie fuffered to trade to fome places where the Dutch Company them- felves may not trade, as to Achin particularly, for [there are fome Princes in the Indies^ who will not trade with the Company for fear of them. The Seamen that go to the Spice Iflands are obliged to ring no Spice from thence for themfelves, except fmall matter for their own ufe, about a pound or [WO. Yet the Mafl:t rs of thofe Ships do common- ly fa order their bufinefs, that they often fee u re a good quantity, and fend it aflioar to fome place near Batavia^ before they come into that Harbour, [for it is always brought thither firft before it's fenc [0 Europe,) and if they meet any Vflel at Sea that will SIS The Betel'Trei andNnt. jm, i68tf. will buy their Cloves, thej will fell lo or 15 Tuni out rf 100, and yet feemmgly carry their Compl^ mcnt to Batavia \ for they will pour Water among the remaining part of their Cargo, which will fweU them to that decree, that the Ships Hold will be as full again, as it was before any were fold. This Trick they ufc when ever they difpofc of any clan. deftinely ( for the Cloves when they firft take them in are extraordinary dry, and fu will imbibe a great deal of Moifture. This is but one Inftance, of many hundreds, of little deceitful Arts lYitBukh Sea-men have in thefe Parts amone them, of whidi I have both feen and heard fevcral. I believe there ure no where greater Thieves ; and nothing will perfuadr chem i:o difcover one another \ for mould any do it, the reft would certainly knock him on the Head. But to return to the rrodu^s of Mm* danao. The Betel-nut is much efteemed here, as it is in 1 moft places of the Eajilndies, The Bctel-Tre«| grows like the Cabbage-Tree, but it is not fo big, nor fo high. The Body grows ftrait, about n pr J4 foot high without Leaf or Branch, except at the Head. There it fpreads forth long Bran* chcs, like other Trees cf the like nature, as th< Cabbage-Tree, the Coco-Nut Tree, and tiie Palm. Thefe Branches are about 10 or 12 foot Jong, and their ftems near the head of the Tree, fts big as a Man*s Arm. On the top of the Trd among the Branches the Betel-Nut grows on a tough ftem as big as a Man's Finger,in dufters mueii as the Coco-Nuts do, and they grow 40 or ^o inti clufter. This Fruit is bigger than a Nutmeg, andl is much like it, but rounder. It is much ufed alll over the Eaji Indies. Their way is to cut it in four I pieces, and wrap one of them up in an A''^k*1 leaf, which they fpread with a foft Pafte made Jwime or Plaftcr, and then chew it altogether^ Evcifl ere, as it is in he Bctel-Trw t is not fo big, ait, about 12 ranch, except rth long Bran- nature, as ihe^ ree, and the 10 or 12 loot id of the Tree, of the Trei .., grows on» n'dufters m^^ v40or />oini Nutmeg* % much ufed all to cut it in four p in an A''-** t Paftc made / it aUogctbcr. Evcffl [op ut s Betel and Arek. Durians, Tree and Fruit, 31^ Every Man iti thefe parts carries his Lime-box b^ ^» i68¥. his Ode, and dipping his Finger into it, fpreads his ^^^'^^ Betel and Arek-leaf with ir. The Arek is a fmall Tree or Shrub, of a green Bark, and the Leaf is long and broader than a Willow. They are packt up to fell into Parts that have them not, to chew with the Betel. The Betel-Nut is moft efteem'd when it is young, and before it grows hard, and then they cut it only in two pieces with the green Husk or Shell on it. It is then exceeding juicy, and therefore makes them fpit much. It tafies rough in the Mouth, and dies the Lips red, and makes tho Teeth black, but it preferves them, and cleanfetH the Gums. It is alfo accounted very wholfom for the Stomach -, but fometimes it will caufe great Giddinefs in the Head of thofe that are not us*d to chew ic. But this is the Effedt only of the old Nut, for the young Nuts will not do it. I fpcak of my own Experience. This Ifland produceth alfo Durians and Jacks. The Trees that bear the Durians, are as big as Ap- pleTrees, full of Boughs. The Rind is thick and rough } the Fruit is fo large that they grow only about the Bodies, or on the Limbs near the Body, like the Cacao. The Fruit is about the Bignefs of |a large Pumpkin, covered with a thick green rough 'lind. When it is ripe, the Rind begins to turn ellow, but it is not fit to eat till it opens at the op. Then the Fruit in the infide is ripe, and "ends forth an excellent Scent. When the Rind is pened, the Fruit may be fplit into four quarters } ch quarter hath feveral fmall Cells, that inclofc certain quantity of the Fruit, according to the ienefs of the Cell, for fome arc larger than others ne largeft of the Fruit may be as big as a Pullet's gg. 'Tis as white as Milk, and as foft asCreftiii» nd the Tafte very delicious as thofe that are ac'* lullomed to them » but thofe who have not beeii ufcd S 20 Jf^cA Tree and Fruit, fhe AnimrU here. >».i6x6.urcd to cat them, will diflikc them at firft, becaufe K/'\'\) they fmell like roaftcd Onions. This Fruit miift be cateo in its prime, (Tor there is no eating of it before it is ripe) and even then Hwill not keep a- bove a day or two before it putrifies, and turns black, or of a dark colour, and then it is not good. Within the Fruit there is a Stone as big as a fmall Bean, which hath a thin Shell over it. Thofe that arc minded ro eat the Stones or Nuts, roaft them, and then a thin Shell comes otF, which inclofcs the Nut ; and it c;its like a Chefnut. The Jack or Jaca is much like the Durian, both in bigncfs and fliape. The Trees that bear them alfo are much alike, and fo is their manner of the Fruits growing. But the infidc is different i foi ihc Fruit of the Durian is white, that of the Jack is yellow, and fuller of Stones. The Durian is mod elleemed •, yet the Jack is a very pleafant Fruit, and the Stones or Kernels are good roafted. There arc many other forts of Grain, Roots an(j| Fruits in this Ifland, which to give a particular de. fcription of would fill up a large Volume. In this Ifland are alfo many forts of Beads, botlil wild and tame ; as Horfes, Bulls, and Cows, Buf| faloes. Goats, Wild Hogs, Deer, Monkies, Gua- no's, Lizards, Snakes, 6ff. I never faw or lieardl of any Beads of Prey here, as in many other placcil The Hogs are ugly Creatures ; they have all great! Knobs growing over their Eyes, and there are mul-f titudes of them in the Woods. They are comi monly Very poor, yet fweet. Deer are here very! plentiful in fome places, where they are not di-f fturbed. Of the- venomous kind of Creatures here are Scor-I pions, whofe ding is in their Tail -, and CentapeeJ,! callM by the Engli/h 40 Legs,both which are alfocoml mon in the fVeJl-Indies^ in Jamaica^ and elfewhere[ Thcfe Gentapees are 4 or 5 Inches long, as big here. , becaufc Fruit muft ,ting of it )t keep a- and turns i not good. as a I'mall Thofe that roaft liicm, indoles the irian, both t bear them inner of the flferent *, foi ^ of the Jack he Durian is leafant Fruit, I .fted. in, Rootsan(l| [particular dc* me. , Beafts, both i Cows, Buf- Dnkics, Gua-I • faw or heardl other place.! iave all greatl :hcre are it\ul-f hey are coin-j are here verfl ;y are not di-l here are ScotI ind Centapees, 'harealfocotnj 'and elfev^here ,ng, as big' Fowl^ Fifbt Ri^virs and Air, 3 at , i Goofe-Quill, but flattiOi ; of a Dun or rcddifh co- -^V^' lour on the Back, but Belly whitifli, and full of ^'^*^' Legs on each fide the Belly. Then* Sting or Bite is more raging than the Scorpion. They lie in old Houfes, and dry Timber. There arc Tevcral forts of Snakrc, fomc very poifooous. There is another fort of Creaiure like a Guano both in colour and ihape, but four times as big, whofe Tongue is like a folall Harpoon, having two beards like the beards of a Fifli-hook. They are faid to be very venomous, but I know not their Names. I have feen them in ether places alfo, as at PuloCondore, or the Ifland Condore^ and at Achin, and have been told chat they are in Uie Bay of Bengal. The Fowls of this Country arc Ducks and Hens : ' Other tame Fowl I have not feen nor heard of any. The wild Fowl, arc Pidgeons, Parrots, Parakits, Turtle-Doves, and abundance of fmall Fowls. There are Bats as big as a Kite. There are a great many Harbours, Creeks, and good Bays for Ships to ride in *, and Rivers navi- gable for Canoas, Proes or Barks, which are all plentifully ftored with Fifh of divers forts, fo is al- io the adjacent Sea, The chiefeft Fi(h are Boneta's, Snooks, Cavally's, Bremes, Mullets, lo Pounders, i^c. Here are alfo plenty of Sea Turtle, and fmall Manatee, which are not near fo big as thofe in the IVtft'Indies. The bigg^iV that I faw would not weigh above 600 Pound *, but the fleih both of the Turtle and Manatee are very fweet. The Weather at Mindanao is temperate enough as to heat, for all it lies fo near the Equator •, and efpecially on the borders near the Sea. There they commonly enjoy die Breezes by Day, and cooling v Land-Winds at Night. The Winds are eafterly one part of the Year, and wef^erly the other. The eafterly Winds begin to blow in OMer, and it is the middle of November before they are fettled. y Tbt'fc 3 22 The Wind and Weather. ' ^».i686. Thefc Winds bring fair Weather. The wefterly ^•^^y^^ Winds begin to blow in May, but are not fettlec ^ till a Month afterwards. The Weft-Winds always bring Rain, Tornadoes, and very tempeftuous Weather. At the firft: coming in of thefc Windg they blow but faintly.; but then the Tornadoes rife one in a Day, fometimes two. Thefe are Thunder-fhowers which commonly come againft the Wind, bringing with them a contrary Wind to what did blow before. After the Tornadoes are over, the Wind fhifts about again, and the Sky be- comes clear, yet then in the Valleys and the fides of the Mountains, there rifeth a thick Fog, which covers the Land. The Tornadoes continue thus for a Week or more -, then they come thicker, two or three in a Day, bringing violent guft;s of Wind,and tjcrrible claps of Thnnder. At la(t they come fo faft, that the Wind remains in the Quarter from whence thele Tornadoes do rife, which is out of the Weft, and there it fettles till OMer or Novem- ber, When thefe weftward Winds arp thus fettled, the Sky is all in mourning, being covered with black Clouds, pouring down exceflive Rains fome- times mixt with Thunder and Lightning, that no- thing can be more difmal. The Winds raging to that degree, tliat the biggeft Trees are torn up by the Roots, and the Rivers fwell and overflow their Bapks, and drown the low Land, carrying great Trees into the $ea. Thus it continues foipe- times a Week. together, before the Sun or Stars •appear. The fierceft of this Weather is in the latter •end of July and in Auguft, for then the Towns feem •to ftand in a great Pond, and they go from one Houfe .to another in Canoas. At this time the Water carries away all the filth and naftinefs from under their Houfes. Whilft this tempeftuous Seafon lafts, the Weather is cold and chilly. In September the Wea- ther is more moderate, and the Winds are not fo ficfce, 323 Jim. i(586> Tke Wind and Weather* fierce, nor the Rain fo violent. The Air thence fiuNrari beginis to be inore clear and deiightfome •, V^V*s# but then in the Morning these are thick Fogs, con- .tinuing tiJl ipor ii a. Clock before the Sun fhines out, efpccially when it has rained in the Night. In ' October the eafterly-Winds begin to blow again, and bring fan: Weather till April, Thus much coiijcrn- jng Che natural date of Mindanao, ' 's» '■■'1 Y 2 w - CHAP, *A». 1686. CHAP. XIL M' Oj the Inhabitants, and Civil St^te of the IJleo} Mindanao. The Mindanayans, Hillanoone^, Sologucs, and Alfoorcs. Of the Minda- nayans, properly fo called i 7 heir Manners and Habits, The Habits and Manners of their Women. A Comical Cuftom at Minda- nao. Their Houfes, thtir *Diet, and IVafb- ings. The Languages fpoken there, andTranf actions with the Spaniards. Their fear ofth Dutch, and feeming defire of the Englifli. Their Handy crafts^ and peculiar fort of Smiths Bellows. 'Iheir Shtpptng, Commode ties, and Trade, The Mindanao and Ma- nila Tobacco, A fort of Leprofie [here, and other ^iftempers. Their Ahr^iages, The Sultan of Mindanao, his ^^verty, Tower, Family, &c. The Troes or Boats here. Ra- ja Laut the Central, Brother to the Sultan, and his Family, Their way of Fsghting.Thetr Religion, Raja Laut'j devotion, A Clock or ''Drum in their Mofques, Of their Cir- cumcifion, and the Solemnity then ufed. Of \ other their ReltQious Obfervations and Super* flit ions. Their abhorrence of Swines*Plefb,^(:, f Tf'Mis Ifland is not fubjeft to one Prince, nei- \^ :her is the Language one and the fame ; but the People are much alike, in colour, ftrength^ and ftacure. They are all or moft of them of one theljleoj lanoonc^, • Minda- Manners ^anners of at Minda* and fVafb- undTranf- fear ofthi }e £ngU{h. ar fort of Commodu o and Ma- cherCy and ages, Tht rr, Tow6fy s here. Ra- the Sultan, hting.Theif A Clou their Cir- •» ufed. Of f and Super- s*FleJby6iQ. Prince, nci- ic fame ; but ir, ftrengrfu of them of I one OftheTeopUoftheljland, 325 one Religion, which is MahometaniTm. an4 their ^>^. i68d. cuftoms and manner of Jiving are alike. The t^W Mindanao People, more particularly fo called, are the greateft Nation in the Ifland, and trading by Sea with other Nations, they are therefore the ipore civil. I fliall fay but little of the reft, being lefs known to me, but (o much as hath come to my knowledge, take as follows. There are befides the Mindanayans, the Hilanoortes, (as they call them) or the MountaneerSj the Sologues and Alfovres. The Hilancones live in the heart of the Country : They have litdc or i)p commerce by Sea, yet they have Proe's ;hat row with 12 or 14 Oars apiece. They enjoy the benefit of the Gold Mines i* and with their Gold buy, foreign Commodities of the Mindanao People. They have alfo plenty of Bees- Wax, which thjy exchange for other Commodi- ties. The Sologues inhabit the N. W. end of the liland. Thcy^ are the leaft Nation of all ; tljey T""ade to Manila in Proes, and to fome of the Neighbouruig Iflands, but have no Commerce with the Mindanao People. The Alfoores are the fame with the Mindanayans^ and were formerly under the fubjeftion of the , Sultan of Mindanao, but were divided between the Sultan*s Children, and have of late had a Sultan of their o and he made War with them a little after wc went away, as I afterwards underftood. The Mindanayans properly fo called, are Men of mean (Vatqres \ fmall Limbs, flrai^bc Bodies, an4 lltde Heads. The& Faces are oval, their Fore- heads flat, v/ith black fmall Eyes, fhort low No- fes, pretty large Months ; their Lips thin and red, 'Ifj^ th^ir Tcrth blacky yet very found, their. Haip Y 3 olack 3 2 6 Of the Ttop^e of the Ifland. jtn. i6S6. black and ftrai^ht, the colour of their Skin taw- *''"^^'*** ney, but inclining to a brighter yellow than fome' other Indians, efpecially the Women. They have a Cuftom to wear their Thumb-nails very long, efpecially that on their left Thumb, for they do never cut it but fcrape it often. They are indued with good natural Wits, are ingenious, nimble, ancj a^^ive, when they' are minded j but generally very lazy and thievifh, and will not work except forced by Hunger. This lazinefs is natural to mofi Indi- ans i but thefe People's lazinefs feems rather to pro- ceed not fo much from their natural Inclinations, as from the feverity of their Prince, of whom they Itand in awe i For he dealing with them very ar- bitrarily, and taking from them what they get, this damps their Induitry, fo they never ftrive tp have any thing but from Hand to Wouth. They are generally proud, and walk very ftately. They are civit enough tp Strangers, and. will eafily be acquainted with them, and entertain them with great freedom ; but they are implacable to their Enemies, and very revengeful if they are injured, frequently poifoning fecreily thofe that have af- fronted them. They wear but few Cloaths •, their Heads are* * , circled with a fhort Turbat, fringed or laced at both ends *, it gpes once about the Head, and is tied in a knot, the laced ends hanging down. They wear Frocks and Breeches, but no Stockings nor SiiOO.es. , ' The Women are fairer than the Menj and their Hair is black and long ; which they tie in a knot^ that hangs back in their Poles. They are more round vilaged than the Men, and generally well featured •, only their Nofes are veryfmall, and fo low biitween their Eyes, that in fome of the Fe- 0' male Children the rifing that Ihould be betwecq the Eyes is fcarce difcernablei neither is there any ■ " ' ' i^nlible l^rrive TBeir Habitu 317 fenfible Hfing in their Foreheads. At a diftance -f». 16S6. they appear very wfclj i but being nigh, thefe Im- '^^Wi pediments are very obvious. They have very fmall timbs. They wear but two Garments ; a Frock, and a fort of Petticoat ; the Petticoat is only a piece of Cloth, fowed both ends together : but it is made two Foot too big for their "Waftes, fo that they may wear either end uppermoft : that part that comes up to their Wafte, becaufc it is fo much too big, they gather it in their Hands, and twift it till it fits clofe to their Waftes, tucking in the twifted part between their Wafte and the edge of the Petticoat, which keeps it clofe. The Frock fits loofe about them, and reaches down a little below the Wafte, The Sleeves are a great deal longer than their Arms, and fo fnrtall at the end, that their Han is will fcarce go through. Being on, the Sleeve fits in folds about the Wrift, wherein they take great Pride. The better fort of People have their Garments rrtade of long Cloth ; but the ordinary fort wear Cloth made of PJantain-tree, which they call Saggen^ by which Name they call the Plantain. They hav? neither Stocking or Shooe, and the Women have very fmall Feet. The V/omen are very defirous of the Company of StranMrs, efpecially of White Men j and doubt- lefs would be very familiar, if the Cuftqm of tha Country did not debar them fron> that freedom, which feems coveted by them. . Yet from the hjgh- cft to the loweft they are allowed liberty to con- verfe with, pr tre^t Strangers in the fight of their J-Ipsbands. There is a kind of begging Cuftom ^.t Mindanao, that I have not met elfewhere with in all my Tra- vels •, and which I believe is owing to the little Trade they have -, which is thus : When Strangers Ht J^rrive here, the Mindanao Men WaII c,>me aboard,- Y 4 auj^ u^y>v 328 How they treat Strangers, fl ^^^' ^"^ invite them to their Houfes, and inquire who has a Comrade^ (which word I believe they have from the Spaniards) or a Pagally, and who ha? not. A Comrade is a familiar Male-friend ; a Pa- gaily is an innocent Platonick Friend of the other Sex. All Stranpcr" are in a manner oblig'd to ac- cept of f '"5 j^ uaj \tance and Familiuriry, which mti'l be lirll purci a..xi with a fmaii Prefent, and afterwart*^ coaB}. ned with fome Gift or other to continue tht icqi '^itance : and as often as the Stranger goes aihort, ; e is welcome to his Comrade or Pagally*s Houfe, where he may be entertained for his Money, to Eat, Drink, or Sleep i and com- plimented, as often as he comes aftiore, with To- bacco and Betel-Nut, which is all the Entertain- ment he mull expert gratis. The richeft Mens "Wives, are allowed the freedom to converfe yrith her Pagally in publjck, and may give or receive Prefents from him. Even the Sultans and the Generals "Wives, who are always coopt up, will yet look out of their Cages wh^n a Stranger paflcth by, and de- mand of him if he wants a Pagally : and to invite him to their Friendlhip, wjll lend a Prefent of To- bacco and Betel-nut tp him by their Serv>mts. The chiefeft .City on this Ifland is c4led by th? fame name of Mindanao. It is feated on the South- fide of the Ifland, in lat. 7d. 20 ip. N. on the Banks of a fmall "River, abput two Mile from the Sea. The rnanner of building is fomewhit ft^ange: yet generally ufcd in this part of the ^aft-Indies. Their Houfes are all builcon Pods, a|)0ut 14, 16, 18, or 20 Foot high. Thefe Pofts s^re biggcy or |efs, ac- cording to the intended magnificence of ^hc Super- ftru^lure. They have but one Floor, bu; many Par- titions or Rooms, and a Ladder or 3tairs to go op out of the Streets. TheR';of is large, and covered with Palmeto or Palm-leaves. So there is a clear liairage like a Piazza Cbut a filthy onej) under thi; •^.■^'^^•.- . ' 'Hoiife, m Of their Houjes and BufUinj^s, 32^ Houfe. Sr 'nc of the poorer People chat kcjp Ducks ^^- »^8tf. or Hens, ave a fence made round the Pofts of ^*'^V^« their Houi -s, with a Door to go in and at ; and this Und^. room fervcs fir no other ufe. Someufc this place ^ r the common draught of their Houfes, but huiUung moftly clofe by tht River in all parts ot the Indies^ chey make the River receive all the filth of their Houfc ; and at the time of the Land- floods, all is waihed very clean. The Sultan's Houfe is much bigger than any of the reh. It flands on about 1 80 great Pofts or Trees, a great deal higher than the common Building, with great broad Stairs made to go up. In the firft Room he hath about 20 Iron Guns, all Saker and Minion,~ placed on Field-Carriages. The General, and other g'"eat Men have fome Guns aifo in their Houfes. About :o paces from the Sultan's Houfc there is a fmall low Houfe, built purpofely for the Reception of Ambafladors or Merchant Strangers. This alfo (lapds on Pofts, but the Floor is not faifed ^boye three or four Foot above the Ground, and is neatly matted purpofely for the Sultan and his Council to fit on •, for they ufe no Chairs, but fit crofs-leggfd like Taylors on the Floor. The common Food at Mindanao is Rice, or Sago, und a fmall Fifli or two. The better fort cat Bulfa- Jo, or Fowls ill dreft, and abundance of Rice with lit. They ufe no Spoons to eat their Rice, but I every Man takes a handful out of the Platter, and I by wetting his Hand |n Water, that it may not ftick 10 his Hand, fqueezes it into a lump, as hard as poiTibly he can make it, and then crams it into his Mou;h. They all ftrive to make thefe lumps as big |as their Mouth can receive them ; and fecm to vie with each other, and glory in taking in the biggeft < [lump i fo that fometimes they almoft choak them- |jelves. They always wafti after Meals, or if they « touch any thing that is unclean ; {ot which r£afoa they 330 Of the Houfes, &c. 'An. 1 685. they fpend abundanccof Water in their Houfes. This ^•^''VV "VVater, with the waOiing of their Dirties, and what other filth they make, tney- pour down near their Fire-place: for their Chambers are not boarded, but floored with fplit Bamboes, like Lathe, fo that the Water prcfently falls underneath their dwelling Rooms, where it breeds Maggots, and makes a pro- digious {link. Befides this Slthinefs, the Tick Peo- ple cafe thernfelves, and make Water in their Cham- bers } there being a fmall hole made purpofely in the Floor, to let it d»'op through. But healthy found People commonly eafe theml'elves, c.nd make Water jn the River. For that reafon you ihall always fee abundance of People, of both Sexes in the River, from Morning till Night ; fome eafing thernfelves, others waftiing their Bodies or Cloaths. If they come into the River purpofely to wafh their Cloaths, they (Irip and iland naked till they have done ; then put them on, and march out again : both Men and Wo< men take great delight in fwimming, and wafhing themfelves, being bred to it from their Infancy, i do believe it is very whoifom to wafli Mornings and Evenings in thefe hot Countries, at leaft three I or four Days in the Week: For I did ufe my lelf to it when I lived afterwards at Ben-coolyt and found it very refrefliing and comfortable. It is very good for thofe that have Fluxes to wafli and ftand in the| River Mprnings and Evenings. I fpeak it experimen- tally J lor I was brought very low with that diftem- per at Jcbin ; but by wafhing conftantly Mornings I and Evenings 1 found great benefit, and vas auickly cured by it. in the City of Mindanao they fpeak two Lan- guages indifferently ; their own Mindanao Lan-I guage, and the Malaya : but in other parrs of the] Ifland they fpeak only their proper Language, ha- ving little Commerce abroad. They have Schooh, and inftruft their Children to reivd and wyitc, andl / brind Their good Opinion of the Englifh. s j i bring them up in the Mahometan Religion. There- ^>*- 1^^* fore many of the Words, cfpccially their Prayers, U^V^si arc in Arahick \ and many of the words of civilty the fame as in Turks'j -, and cfpccially when they meet in the Morning, or take leave of each other, ihey exprefs themfelves in that Language. Many of the old People, both Men and Women, can fpeak Spamjhy for the Spaniards were formerly fettled among them, and had feveral Forts on this Ifland i and then they fent two Friars to the City, to convert the Sultan of Mindamo and his People. At that time thefe People began to learn Spanijh^ and the Spaniards incroached on them, and endea* voured to bring thtm into fubjcdibn i and proba- bly before this time had brought them all under their Yoak, if they themfelves had not been drawn off from this Ifland to Manila^ to refill the Chinefe , who threatned to invade them there. When the Spa* n'ards were gone, the old Sultan of Mindanao, . Fa- ther 10 the prefent, in whofe time it was, razeJ and demolilhed their Forts, brought away their Guns, and fent away the Friars •, and fmce that time will not fufFer the Spaniards to fettle on the IHands. They are now moft afraid of the Vutcb, being fenfible how they have inflaved many of the Neigh^ bouring, Iflands. For that Reafon they have a Ions time defired die Englijh to fettle among them, and have offered them any convenient Place to build a Fort in, as the General himfelf to}d us; giving this ReafpTJ, that they do not find the Englifh fo in- croaching as the Dutch or Spanijh. The Dutch are no lefs jealous of their admitting the EngHJh, for they are fenfjble what detriment it Would be to then^ if the Englijh jfhould fettle here. . There are but few Tradefmen at the City of Mindanao. The chiefeft Trades are Goldfmiths,- j^lackfjnith.s, and Carpenters. There arc but two or '" ' "' "•■'—'■ ■■;■.•■ ^ • . three / Ija Their Trddesl 'ji».t686' three Goldfrniths i thefe will work in (jold or Silver, and make any thing that you defire : but they have no Shop furnifhed with Ware ready-made for Sale. Here are feveral Blackfmiths who work very well, confidering the Tools that they work with. Their Bellows are much different from ours. They arc made of a wooden Cylinder, the trunk of a Tree, about three Foot long, bored hollow like a Pump, and fet uprishton the ground, on which the Fire it felf is made. Near the lower end there is a fmall hole, in the fide of the Trunk next the Fire, made to re- ceive a Pipe, through which the wind is driven to the Fire by a great bunch of fine Feathers faftned to one end of the Stick, which clofing up the inflde ot the Cylinder, drives the Air out of the Cylinder through the Pipe : Two of thefe Trunks or Cy- linders are placed fo nigh together, that a Man ftandins between them may work them both at once alternately, one with each Hand. They have neifher Vice nor Anvil, but a great hard Stone or a piece of an old Gun, to hammer upon : yet they will perform their work, making both common Utenfils and Iron-works about Ships to admiration, They work altogether with Charcoal. Every Man almoft is a Carpenter, for they can work with the Ax a|id Adds Their Ax is but fmall, and fo made that they can take it out of the H^lve, and by turn. ing it make ^n Adds of it. They have no Sawsi but when they make Plank, they fplit the Tree in two, ^nd make a Plank of each part, plaining it with the Ax (ipd Adds. This requires much pains, and takes up a great deal of time ; but they work chfcap, arid the goodnefs of the Plank thus hewed, which hath its Grain prefcrv'd entire, makes amends | for their coft and pains. They build good and ferviceable Ships or ^arki | for the Sea, fome for Trade, others for Pleafureji ipd feme Ships of War. Their trading Ve^ols thej km Beet'Wdx and Tobaccol in fend chiefly to Manila, Thither they tranfport Bees- ^». i6tf* wax, whicn, I think, is the only Commodity, be- C^Wi (ides Gold that they vend there. The Inhabitants of the City of Mindanao get a great deal of Bees- wax themfelves: but the greaceft quantity they purchafe is of the Mountaneers, from whom they alfo get the Gold which they fend to Manila \ and with thefe they buy their Callicoes, Muflins, and China Silk. They fcn^ fometimes their Barks to Borneo and other IHands } but what they tranfporc thither, or import from thence, 1 know not. The dutch come hitner in Sloops from Ternate and ^tidore^ ind buy Rice, Beei-wax, and Tobacco : for here is a great deal of Tobacco grows on this Ifland, more than in any Ifland or Country in the Eaft- Indies^ that I know of, Manila only excepted. It is an excellent fort of Tobacco % but thele People have not the Art of managing this Trade to their beft advantage, as the Spaniards have at Manila. I do believe the Seeds were firft brought hither from Manila by the Spaniards^ and even thither, in all probability, from AmeriM : the difference between I the Mindanao and Manila Tobacco is, that the Min- danao Tobacco is of a darker colour ; and the Leaf larger ai^d groffer than the Manila Tobacco, being propagated or planted in a fatter Soil. The Manila Tobacco is of a bright yellow colour, of an in- different fize, not ftrong, but,pleafant to Smoak. The Spaniards at Manila are very curious about this Tobacco, h''*vlng a peculiar way of making it up Ineady in the Leaf. For hey take two little Sticks, leach about a Foot long, und Hat, and ^placing the IStalks of the Tobacco Leaves in a row, 40 or 50 of Itiiem between the two Sticks, they bind them hard [together, fo that the Leaves hang dangling down. ^ne of thefe bundles is fold for a Rial at Fore k. George: but you may have lO or 12 Pound of Tobacco at Mindanae for a Rial -, and the Tobacco is ?» §14. '-'the Lepfbfie. %/in.\(it^- as good, or rather better than the Manila Tobacco, ^'^'^^ but they have not that vent for it as the Spantarii 'have. The M/W.'r«rto People are much troubled with a fort of Leprofie, the wme as we obfervcd at Guam, This Diftemper runs with a dry Scurf all over their Bodies, ^nd caufcth great itching in thofe that have it, making them frequently fcratch and fcrub them- felves, which raifeth the outer Skin in fmall whitilh flakes, like the Scales of little Fifb, when' they arc raifed on pnd with a Knife. This makes their Skin extraordinary rough, and in fomc you /hall fee broad white Spots in feveral parts of their Body. I judge fuch have had it, but were cured ; for their Skin^ were fmooth, and I did not perceive them to fcrub themfelves : yet I have learnt from their own Mouths that thefe Spots were from this Diftemper. "Whether they ufe any means to cure themfelves, or whether it goes away of it felf, I know not : but I did not perceive that they made any great matter of it, for they did never refrain any Company for I it i none of our People caught it of them, for we were afraid of it, ana kept off. They are fome- times troubled with the Small-Pox, but their ordi- nary Diftcmpers are Fevers, Agues, Fluxes, with I great pains, and gripings in their Guts. The Coun- try affords a great many Drugs and Medicinal I Herbs, whofe Virtues are not unknown to fome of | them that pretend to cure the Sick. The Mifidanao Men have many Wives: but I what Ceremonies are ufed when they marry I know not. There is commonly a great Feaft made by the I pridegroom to entertain his Friends, and the moft part of the Night is fpeit in Mirth. • The Sultan is abfolute in his Powei* over all hisl Subjedls. He is but a poor Printc i for as I men- tioned before, they have but little Trade, andl iherefofc cannot be rich. If the Sultan undcrftandil thatl Of the Sultan and his Family. S35 that any Man has Money, if it be but 20 Dollars, -^W' i6%6i bled with a i at Guam. ,1 over their fe that have fcrub them- mall whitifli icn' they are :s their Skin )a fhall fee :ir Body. 1 dv for their eive them to )m their own is Diftemper. ; themfelves, low not : but ^reat matter :ompany for I :hem, for we | ;y are fome- nt their ordi- Fluxes, with , ThcCoun- id Medicinal rn to fome of Wives: but marry I know t made by the and the moft| r over alibis for as I men- Trade, and nn undcrftands that which is a great matter among them, he will fend to borrow fo much Money, pretending urgent oc- cafions for it •, and they dare not deny him. Some- times he will fend to fell one thing or another that he hath to difpofe of, to fuch whom he knows to have Money, and they muft buy it, and give him his price *, and if afterwards he hath occalion for the fame thing, he muft have it if he fends for it. He is but a little Man, between 50 or 60 Yeari old, ind by relation very good-natured, but over-ruled by thofe about him. He has a Queen, and keeps ibout 29 Women, or Wives more, in whofe com- Sny he fpends moft of his time. He has one aughter by his Sultanefs or Queen, and a great many Sons and Daughters by the reft. Thefe walk about the Streets, and would be always beg- ging things of us \ but it is reported, that the young Princefs is kept in a Room, and never ftirs out, lind that (he did never fee any Man but her Father ind Raja Laut her Uncle, being then about Four- teen Years old. When the Sultan vifits his Friends he is carried in 'a fmall Couch on four Mens fhoulders, with eight or ten armed Men to guard him •, but he never goes faf his way, for the Country is very woody, and they have but little Paths, which renders it the lefs commodious. When he takes his pleafure by Wa- ;er, he carries fome of his Wives along with him* he Proes that are built for this purpofe, are larg« nough to entertain 50 or 60 Pcrfons or more* "he Hull is neatly built, with a round Head and! •tern, and over the Hull there is a fmall flight; oufe built with Bamboes 5 the fides are made up ith fpiit Bamboes, about four Foot high, with little indows in them of the fame, to open and Ihut t their pleafure. The Roof is almoft flat, neatly ktchcd with Palmeto Leaves. This Houf^ is di- vided u^V\i W-yrv^ 336 Of their T roes: J^ i68<5- vided into two or three fmall Partitions or Chambers, one particularly for himfelf. This is neatly Matted underneath and round the (ides *, and there is a Carpet and Pillows for him to fleep on. The fe- cond Room is for his Women, much like the for- mer. The third is for the Servants, who tend them with Tobacco and Betel-Nut ; for they are always chewing or fmoaking. The fore and after-parts of the Veflel are for the Marriners to fit and row. Be* fides, this, they have Outlayers, fuch as thofe Idc- fcribed at Guam -, only the Boats and Outlayers here are larger. Thefe Boats are more round, like a Half-Moon almoft ; and the Bamboes or Out- layers that reach from the Boat are alfo crooked. Befides, the Boat is not Bat on one fide here, as at Guam-, but hath a Belly and Outlayers on each iide : and whereas at Guam there is a little Boat fa^ ften'd to the Outlayers, that lies in the Water ; the I beams or Bamboes here arc fattened traverfe. wife to the Outlayers on each fide, and touch not the Water like Boats, but i, 3 or 4 Foot above the Water, and fcrve for the Barge-Men to fit and row| iand paddle on ; the infide of the Veflel, except on- ly juft afore and abaft, being taken up with thel Apartments for the PaflTengers. There run acrofj the Outlayers two tire of Beams /or the Padlers tol fit on, on each fide the Veflfel. The lower tire ofl thefe Beams is not above a Foot from the Water : fol that upon any the leaft reeling of the Veflel, thel Beams are dipt in the Water, and the Men that fitl arc wet up to their Wafte : their Feet feldom efcaf ping the Water. And thus as all our Veflfels arej rowed from within, thefe are paddled from with'l out. The Sultan hath a Brother called Raja LauU brave Man. He is the fecond Man in the Kingdoml All Strangers that come hither to trade muil mm their A4drefi to 4um, for id\ Sea-Aif airs belong i him Chambers, iy Matted there is a The fe- ; the for- tend them are always :er-parts of row. Be* thofe I dc- Outlayers round, like es or Out- ifo croolied. ; here, as at ers on each LttleBoatfa- Water-, the' led traverfe. ,nd touch not 30t above the to fit and m\ 'X, except on- up with the I re run acrofsl :hePadlersto| lower tireoti ^e Water: fol he Veffel, the! : Men that fit! ;t feldom efca-I )ur Veffelsart ld from withff Raja tauU ^ the Kingdoml dc muft maki Fairs belong ^«^ 7/&^ Mindariayan G^«'68ft. any Commodity, and 'tis by his Permiflion that U^VS^ the Natives themfelves are fuffered to trade : Nay, the very Fifhermen muft take a Permit from him : So that there is no Man can come into the River or go out but by his leave. He is two or three Years younger than the Sultan, and a little Man like him. He has eight Women, by fome of whom he hath Iflue. He hath only one Son j about twelve or four- teen Years old, who was circumcifed while we were there. His eldeft Son died a little before we came hither, for whom he was ftill in great Heavinefs. If he had lived a little longer he fhould have marri- ed the young Princefs ; but whether this fecond Son muft have her I know not, for I did never hear any Difcourfe about it. Raja Laut is a very fharp Man ; he fpeaks and writes Spanijh^ which he learned in his Youth. He has by often converfing with Stran- gers, got a great fight into the'^Cuftoms of other Nations, and by Spanijh Books has fome Knowledge of Europe, He is General cf the Mindanayans, and is accounted an expert Soldier, and a very ftouc Man ; and the Women in their Dances, fing many Songs in his Praife. The Sxi\i2inoi Mindanao fometimes makes Wu- with his Neighbours the Mountaneers or Alfoores, Their Weapons are Swords, Lances, and fome Hand-CreffetSw The Creflet is a fmall thing like a Baggonet, which they always wear in War or Peace, at work or play, from the greateft of them to the pooreft, or the meaneft Perlbns. They do never meet each other fo as to have a pitcht Battle, but they build fmall Works or Forts of Timber, wherein they plant little Guns, and lie in fight of each other two or three Months, Ikirmifhing every Day in fmall Parties, and fometimes furprizing a Breaft-work •, and whatever fide is like to be worft- jcd, if they have no probability to cfcapc by flight, £ they at Their Religion, jf Cong. *••• «fi86. they fell their Lives as dear as they ah ; for thcrd ^^'^^\) is feldom any quarter given, but the Qo&querour cuts and hacks his Enemies to pieces. The Religion of thefe People is Mahometanifm ; Friday is their Sabbath ; but I did never fee any difference that they make between this Day and any other Day ; only the Sultan himfelf goes then to the Mofque twice. Raja Laut never goes to the Mofque, but prays at certain Hours, Eighcior Ten times in a Day ; where-ever he is, he ;s very punftu- al to his Canonical Hours, and if he be aboard will go alhore, on purpofe to pray. For no Bufinds nor Company hinders him from this Duty. Whether he is at home or abroad, in a Houfc or in the Field, he leaves all his Company, and goes about loo Yards off, and there kneels down to his Dievotion. He firH kiffes the Ground, then prays aloud, and divers time in his Prayers he kiflea the Grourtd, and does the fame when he leaves off. His Servants, and his Wives and Children talk and fing, or play how they pleafe all the time, but himfelf is veiy fierious. The meaner fort of People have little Dc« votion : I did never fee any of them at their Prayers, or go into a Mofque. In the Sultan's Mofque there is a great Drum with but one Head called a Gang \ which is inftead of a Clock. This Gong is beaten at 1 1 a Clock, at 3, 6, and 9 ; a Man being appointed for that Service. He has a Stick as big as a Man*s Arm, with a great Knob at the end, bigger than a Man*s Fift, made with Cotton, bound fall with fmall Cords : with this he ftrikes the Gong as hard as he can, about twenty A:rokes ; beginning to ftrike leifurely the firft five or fix ftrokes \ then he ftrikes fafter, and at iall f:r 'kes as faft as he can ; and then he ftrikes again Hiv/e: and Aower fo many more ftrokes : Thus he laes and fiUs three times, and then leaves off till Hour j after. TWs is done Night and Day. They >re' Thi Age, This ( Soicmi fome ": was on a gcnei faJ, or be cira are cir< or ten ] And gn %. I tifcd, Pi that kee either th( TO or 1 1 fice. He 1 and with moftofcl in Arms j ^ere inga ' defcribe a great R that h to Shriek or t**^© or thi He holds ^ance in |Jngfi-om a menacinj [Enemy, u h nothing [and /hakei lakes ma '^nce, an| ''lich he >^fea fliric i.. :anifm ; fee any and any then ^0 s to the tor Ten Lputifitu- oard will finds nor Whether the Field, bout 100 Dfcvotion. loud, and ; Groufrt, s Servants, g> ox play felf is vei7 c little De- sir Prayers, Drum with nftead of a :k, at 3, 6, Jervice. He rith a great 7ift, made 5 : with this Dout twenty :he firft five and at laft trikes again s : Thus he javes off till and Day. Tl^ey QrcUmciJion, Jt Mock- fight. 3J9 They circumcirc the Males at ii or 12 Years of -^*- "5*6« Age, or older \ and many are circumcifed at once. ^-''"V^^J This Ceremony is performed with a great deal of Solemnity. There had been no Circumcifion for fome Years before our being here \ and then there was ortifc for Raja Lauf's Son. They choofe to have a general Circumcifion when the Sultan, or Gene- ral, ©r fome other great Perfon hath a Son fit to be circunwifed ; for with him a grejit many more are circumcifed. There is notice given about eighc or ten Days before for all Men to appear in Arms. And great Preparation is made agamft the folemn Day. In the Morning before the Boys are circum- cifed, Prefcnts are fent to the Father of the Child, that keeps the Feaft j whichj as I faid before, is either the Sultan, or fome great Perfon ; and about 10 or 1 1 a Clock the Mahometan Prieft does his Of- fice. He takes hold of the Fore-fkin with two Sticks, and with a pair of Sciflars fnips it off. After this moft of the Men^i both in City and Country being in Arms before the Houfe, begirt to aft as if they were ingaged with an Enemy, having fuch Arms as I defcribed. Only one afts at a time, the reft make a great Ring of 2 or 300 Yards round about him. He that is to exercife comes into the Ring with a great Shriek or two, and a horrid Look ; then he fetches two or three large Hately ft rides, and falls to work. jHe holds his broad Sword in one Hand, and his Lance in the other, and traverfes his Ground, leap- ing fi'om one fide of the Ring to the other ; and iii a menacing Pofture and Look, bids Defiance to the [Enemy, whom his Fancy frames to him j for there [is nothing but Air ro oppofe him. Then he ftampfs md (hakes his Head, and grinning with his Teeth lakes many ruful Faces. Then he throws his .ance, and nimbly fnatches out his CreflTet, with 'hich he hacks and hews the Air like a Mad-man, )fteq ihrieking. At laftj being almoft tired wixU Z 2 mo- I40 Solemnities at^ircumciJioH^^ •*»^»J^ motion, he flies to the middle of the Ring, where ^^^"^^"^"'^ he feems to have his Enemy at his Mercy, and with ^wo or three Blows cuts on the Ground as if he was cutting off his Enemy's Head. By this time he is all of a Sweat, and withdraws triumphantly out of the Ring, and prefently another enters with the like Shrieks and Geftures. Thus they continue combin- ing their imaginary Enemy all the reft of the Day j towards the conclufion of which thericheft Men aft, and at laft the General, u.id then the Sultan con- cludes this Ceremony : He and the General, with fome other great Men, are in Armour, but the reft have none,, After this the Sultan returns home, ac* compaaied with abundance of People, who wait on him there till they are difmift. But at the time when we were there, there was an after-game to be played v for the General's Son being then circum- cifed, the Sultan intended to give him a fecond Vi- fit in the Night, fo they all waited to attend him thither. The General alfo provided to meet him in the beft manner, and therefore defired Capt. Swm with his Men to attend him. Accordingly Capt. Swan ordered us to get our Guns, rid wait at the General's Houfe till further Orders. So about 40 of us waited till Eight a Clock in the Evening : "When the General with Capt. Swan^ and about 1000 Men, went to meet the Sultan, with abundance of Torches that made it as light as Day. The manner of the March was thus : Firft of all there was a Pa- geant, and upon it two dancing Women gorgeoufly apparalled, with Coronets on their Heads, full of .glittering Spangles, and Pendants of the fame, hang- ing down over their Breaft and Shoulders. Thele are Women bred up purpofely for dancing : Their Feet and Legs are bur little employed, except fome- times to turn round very gently \ but their Hands, Arms, Head and Body, are in continual Motion efpecially their Arms, which they turn and twijtl rering Pagcar fix or ( tain Sw that at marchin his Gun After us Spamjb I ter them many wi After th( their fide der. W SuJtan an ^et them I before hi Sons, wh iiad gort rogui/hjy the next Sultan, , third, thL above fix] ^5xr, bef like your I »nd ordinl without af theGener fed in Jul together .i'etween ii KtlieCoi A Trocefffon at aCircumcifion. 341 lo ftrangely, that you would think them tb be made ^*^;J^^ without Bones. Befides the two dancing Women, ""OT^ there were two old Women in the Pageant hold^ ing each a lighted Torch in their Hands, clofe by the two dancing Women, by which Light the glit- tering Spangles appeared very glorioufly. This Pag<:ant was carried by fix lufty Men : Then came fix or feven Torches, lighting, the General and Capr tain Swan^ who marched fide by fide next, and we that attended Captain Swan followed clofe after, jnarching in order fix and fixabreaft, with each Man his Gun on his Shoulder, and Torches on each fide. After us came twelve of the General's Men with old SpaniJI:) Matchrlocks, marching four in a row. Af- ter them about forty Lances, and behind them as many with great Swords, marching all in Order, After them came abundance pnly with Creflets by their fides, who marched up clofe without any or- der. When we came near the Sultan*s Houfc, the Sultan and his Men met us, apd we wheel'd off to let them pafs. The Sultan had three Pageants went before him : In the firfl: Pageant were four of his Sons, who were about ten or eleven Years old. They had gotten abundance of fmall Atones, which they roguifhly threw about on the People's Heads. In the next were four young Maidens, Nieces to the Sultan, being his Sifter's Daughters ; and in the third, there was three of the Sultan's Children, not above fix Years old. The Sultan himfelf followed next, being carried in his Couch, which wa> not like your Indians Palankins, but open, and very little and ordinary. A multitude of People came aker, j without any order : But as foon as he was paft by, the General, and Ca^z. Su; an, and all our Men, clo- fed in juft behind the Sultan, and fo all marched together to the General's Houfe. We came thiiher perween 10 and ?i a Clock, where the biggeft part p the Company were immediately difmifi, •, bur the Z 3 Siikjiix 149 Muficai-Belts. The Ladies, An.\6%6. Sultaft and his Children, and his Nieces, and foitie other Perfons of Quality, entered the Gen^^ral's Houfe. They were met at the Head of the Stairs by the General's Women, who with a great deal of Refpedt condudled them into the Houfe. Captain Swan^ and we that were with him, followed after. It was not long before the General caufed his dano jng Women to enter the Room and divert the Com- pany with that Paftimc. I had forgot to tell you that they have none but vocal Mufick here, by what I could learn, except only a row of a kind of Bells without Clappers, i6 in Number, and their -/eight increafing gradually from about three to ten pound weight. Thefe are fet in a row on a Table m the General's Houfe, where for feven or eight Days together before the Circumcifion Day, they were ftruck each with a little Stick, iot the biggeft part of the Day making a great noife, and they ccafed that Morning. So thefe dancing Women fung themfelves, and danced to their own Mufick. After this the Ge- reral'sW^omen, and the Sultan's Sons, and his Nieces Janced. Two of the Sultan's Nieces were about i8 or 19 Years old, the other two were three or four Years younger. ^Thefe young Ladies were very rich- ly drcft, with loofe Garments of Silk, and fmaiJ Co- ronets on their Heads. They were much fairer than any Women I did ever fee there, and very well featu- red ; and their Nofcs, tho* but fmall, yet higher than j the other Womens, and very well proportioned,! When the Ladies had very well diverted themfelves and the Company with dancing, the General caufed us to fire feme Sky-rockets, that were made by his and Capt. 5«;^«'s Order, purpofely for this Night's Solemnity ; and after chat the Sultan and his Retinue went away with a few Attendants, and we all broke up, anci thus ended this Day's Solemnity: bL?ttlie| Boys being fore with their Amputation, went ftrod- diing for a Fortnight after^ Thcyl in many them mol in the Iflj come in fhc very neVjLxadAm, Mhorrence of Swine, f4) They are not, as I faid befofe, very curious, or -^w. »686 ftriftin dbfcrving any Days, or Times of particular C-^VNi Devotions, except it be Ratndam time, as we caJl it. The Ramdam time was then in Auguji, as I take it, for it was fliortly after our Arrival here. In this time they faft all Day, and about feven a Clock in the Evening they fpend near an Hour in Prayer. Towards the latter End of their Prayer they loudly invoke their Prophet for about a quarter of an Hour, both old and young bawling out very ftrangely, as if they intended to fright him out of his Slecpinefs or negle<5l of them. After their Prayer is ended, they fpend fome time in Feafting before they take their Repofe. Thus they do every Day for a whole Month at leaft •, for fometimes \^ two or three Days longer before the RamJam ends : For it begins ^t the New-Moon, and lafts till they fee the next New-Moon, which foinerimes in thick hazy Weather is not till three or four Days after the Change, as it happen'd while 1 was at Achin^ where they conti- nued the Ramdam till the New-Moon*s Appearance. The next Day after they have feen the New-Moon, the Guns are all dilcharged about Noon, and then the time ends, A main part of their Religion confifts in wsihing often, to keep themfelves from being deBled j or after they are defiled to clcanfe themfelves again. They alfo take great care to keep themfelves from being polluted, by tailing or touching any thing that is accounted unclean •, therefore Swines Flefh is very abominable to them •, nay, any one that hath either tafted of Swines Flcfh, or touched thofe Creatures, is not permitted to come into their Houfes in many Days after, and there is nothing v/ill fcare them more than a Swine. Yet there are wild Hogs inthelflands, and thofe fo plentiful, that rhey will come in Troops out of the Woods in the Night into fhc very City, and come under their Houfes, to Z 4 romage w'Y^^ J 44 Shoes fpoiNwitb Hogs-briflksl ■^i-.'ii^' ron^3geupand down the Filth that they find there. The Natives therefore would even defiie us to lie in wait for the Hogs to deftroy them, wh'th we did frequently, by fliooting them and carrying them presently on board, but were prohibited their Houfcs afterv.ards. Ant' now I am qn this Subject, I cannot omit a Story concerning the General. He once defired to have a Fair of Shoes made after the Englijh Fafhion, though le did very feldom wear any : So ope of Qur Men made him a Pair, which the General likecj very well. Aftervvards fome body told him, that the Thread wherewith the Shoes were fowed, were pointed wiph Hogs-briftles. This put him into a great Paflion i fo he fent the Shoes to the Man that made them, and fent him withal more Leather Xo make another Pair, with Threads pointed with fbme other Hair, which was immediately done, and then he was well pleafed. ; CHAP. >t omit * lefired to Fafhion, o ope of eral likecl him, that ved, were lim into a the Man re Leather inted with done, and CHAP- 341 CHAP. XIII. Their coafting along the Ijle of Mindanao> from a Bay on the Eaji-fide to another at the S. E. end. Tornadoes and boifierousff^eat her. The S. E. Coaft, and its Savannah and plenty of ^eer. They coaft along the South-fide to the River of Mindanao (Jity^ and anchor there. The Sultan's Brother and Son come aboard them J and invite them to fettle there. Of the Feafiblenejs and probable Advantage offucha Settlement from the neighbouring Gold and Spice-I(lands, Of the befiway to Mindanao hy the South-Sea and Terra Auftralisj and of an accidental T)ifcovery there by Captain Davis, and a probability of a greater. The Capacity they were in to fettle here. The Min- danayans meafure their Ship. CaptainS'iJ^XiS Trefent to the Sultan : his Reception of ity and Audience given to Capt. Swan, u'/V^Raja Laut, the Sultan's Brother's Entertainment of him* The Contents of two EngliQi Let- ters fljewn them by the Sultan of Mindanao. Of the Commodities and the ^unifhments there. The General's Caution how to demean themfelves j at his Terfuafion they lay up their Ships in the River. The Mindanaians Careffes. The great Rains and Floods of the City. The Mindanaians >&<»^>^ Chinefe Accomptants. How their Women dance. A Story of one John thacker. Their Bark eaten up, and their Ship endanger d by the Worm. Of the Wormt ""'■ ' ' here ■^%. J^^W. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) ^ ^%<^ 1.0 1.1 |jo ""^^ MI^B •^ Uii III 2.2 H: i;;. M 1.8 1.25 |||.4 1.6 ^ 6" ► w ^ /} ■'> Photographic Sdences Corporation ^^ ^v •\s c\ \ V O^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)S72-4S03 ■^ Two IJlands at theS. E, of Mindanao^ here and elfi/wbeft, OfCnffainS'VTtXi, Raja Laut, the Generats^eceitfutnefs, Hunting wild Kine, The Tfodigality of fome of the Englilh. Captain Swan treats with a young Indian pf a Spice-lfland* A Hunting-Vbyagi with the General, Hispunijhing a Servant of bis. Of his Wives and Women. A fort oj firongKice-drink. The Generals foul T>ealing andExa5iions, Capt, Swan'i Uneajinefs and tndifcreet Management, His Men fnutiny. Of a Snake twifting about one of their Ne^ks. The main part of the Crew go away witht^e Ship, leaving Captain Swan and fome of hM Men : Several others poifoned there, Aving in the two laO: Chapters given fome fic. count of the Natural, Civil, and Religiouj >tate of Mindanao^ I fhall now go .on with the Pro< fecution of our Affairs during our ftay here. " 'Twas in a Bay on the N. Eaft-fide of the Ifland ihat we came to an Anchor^, as hath been faid. We lay in this Bay but one Night, artdpartofthe iiext Day. Yet there we got Speech with fome of | tie Natives, who by figns made us to underftaod, that the City Mindanao was on the Weft-fide of the Idand. We endeavoured to perfuade one of them j to go with us to be our Pilot, but he would not: Therefore in the Afternoon we loofed from hence, ftecring again to the South-eaft, having the Wind| at S. W. When we came to the S. E. end of the Ifland Mindanai^ we faw two finaU Iflands about three Leagues diftant from iL We might have paffed between them and the main liland, as we learnt fince *, but not knowing them, nor what dangers we i might encounter there, we chgfe rather to fail to the jKaftward of them. But meeting very ftrong | weftcrly Winds, we got nothing forward in inany| Days. Thi Baf ofDeerl %^,f Days. In this time we firft f^w the Idands Meangis, d». i6^ which are about fixteen Leaeoes diftant from the C/W Mindanao^ bearing S. E. I £all have occafion to fpeak more of them hereafter. The 4th Day of Jul'j we got into a deep Bay, four Leagues N. W. from the two fmajl Iflands before- mentioned. But the Night before, in a violent Tornado, our Bark being unable to bear any longer^ bore away, which put us in ibme Pain ibr fear fha was overfet, as we nad like to have been our felves. We anchored on the South- Weft-fide of the Bay, in fifteen Fathom Water, about a Cableslength from the Shore. Here wc were forced to (helter our felvcs from the Violence of the Weather^ which was (o boifterous with Rains and Tornadoes, and a ftrong wefterly Wind, that we we^e very glad to find thii Place to anchor in, being the only Shelter on thiti Side from the Weft-Winds. This Bay is not above two Miles wide at the Mouth, but farther in it is thr^e Leagues wide, and feven Fathom deep ; running in N. N. W. Ther^ is a good Depth of Water about four or five Leagues in, but rocky foul Ground for about two Leagues in, from the Mouth on both fides of the Bay, ex- cept only in that place where we lay. About three Leagues in from the Mouth, on the Eaftem-fide, there are fair fandy Bays, and very good anchoring in four, five, and fix Fathom. The Land on the Eaft-fide is high, mountainous and woody, yet very well watered with fmall Brooks, and there is one River large enough for Canoas to enter. On the Weft-fide of the Bay, the Land is of a mean heighth with a large Savannah, bordering on the Sea, and ftretching from the Mouth of the Bay, a great way^ to the Weftward. This Savannah abounds with long Grafs, and it is plentifully ftock'd with Deer. The adjacent Woods area Covert for them in the Heat of the Day ; but Mornings 54* ^^^y ^^fi'Ve at Mindanaa River. jf». 1 685. Mornings and Evenings they feed in the open Plains, H^y^ as thick as in our Parks in England, I never faw any where fuch Plenty of wild Deer, tho* I have met with them in feveral parts of America^ both in the North and South-Seas. . . The Deer live here pretty peaceably and unmo- leflied i for there are no Inhabitants on that fide of the Bay. We vifited this Savannah every Morning, ^nd killed as niany Deer as we pleafed, fometimes 1 6 or 1 8 in a Day i and we did eat nothing but Venifon all the time we ftayed here. We faw a great many Plantations by the fides of the Mountains, on the Eait-fide of the Bay, and we went to one of them, in hopes to learn of the Inhabitauts whereabouts the City was, that we might not over-faij it in the Night, but they fled from us. We lay here till the i 2th Day before the Winds abated of their fpry, and then we failed from hence, directing our Courfe to the Weft ward. In the Morning we had a Land- Wind at North. At a ii a Clock the Sea-breeze came at Weft, juft in our Teeth, but it being fair Weather, we kept on our way, turning and taking the advantage of the Land? breezes by Night, and the Sea-brec;zes by Day. Being now paft the S. E. part of the Ifland, we coafted down on the South-fide, and we faw abun- dance of Canoas a fiftiing, and now and then a fmal! Village. Neither were thefe Inhabitants afraid of us fas the former^ but came aboard j y^t we could not underftand them, nor they us, but by figns: And when we pientioned the Word Mindanao^ they •^ould point towards it. The 1 8th D^y of Jtilj Vi56 arrived before the Rii ver of Mindanao, the Mouth of which lies in lat 6 d, %2 m.^ N. and is laid in 231 d. 12 m. Longitude Weft, from the Lizard in England. We anchored yight againft th^ Hiver i^p 15 Fathom Water^ cleai; ■;■■ ■: " ■ •■ har4| Their Recipf ion by the Mindanayins? 34J> hard Sand •, about two Miles from the Ihore, arid Jin. -itf86» three or four Miles from a fmall Ifland, that lay with- <>^VX> out us to the Southward. We fired feven or nine Guns^ I remember not well which, and wdre anfwered again with three from the.fliore ; for which we gave one j^ain. Immediately after our coming to an Anchor, ' Raja Laut and one of the Sultan's Sons came off in a Canoa, being rowed with ten Oars, and demand^ cd in Spanijh wh^t we were ? and from whence w« came ? Mr. Smith (he who was taken Prifoner stt Leon in Af^ apiwered in the fame Language, that we were Englijhj and that we had been a great while out of England. They told us that we were welcome, and aiked us a great many Queftions a- bout England ; efpecially concerning our Eaft^India Merchants 5 and whether we were lent by them to fettle a Fadory heref Mr. Smfth told them that ye came hither only to buy Provifion* They feemed a little difcontented when they underftood that W^ were not come to fettle among them : For they had heard of our Arrival on the Eaft-fide of the Ifland a great while before, and entertained hopes that we were fent purpofely out of England hither to fettje a Trade with them 5 which it Ihould feem they are very defirous of. For Capt. Goodlud had been here not long before to treat with them about it ; and when he went away told them (as they faidj that in a fhort time they might expeft an Ambaflador from En^ land to make a fuJl Bargain with them. i Indeed upon mature Thoughts, I fhould think we could not have done better, than to have com? plied with the defir'e they feemed to have of our fet- tling here ; and to have taken up our Quarters . a- mong them. For as thereby we might better have confulted our own Profit and Satisfadtion, than by the other loofe roving way of Life;, fo it might probably have proved of Publick Benefit to our Nation, and been a means of introducing an ^»- t50 jtdvdHtagei of a Settkment here, '^9**^^gHJb Settlement and Trade, hot only htn, but ^•OT^ through fevcral of the Spice-Iflands, which lie in itt Neighbourhood. For the liknds Meangii, whieh I liientioned in the beginning of this Chapter, lye within cwentt XiCaguet of Mindanao. Thefe are tiiree fmall Iflaiim that abdund with Gold and Cloves, if I may credit my Author Prince Jeoly, who Was born on one of thtffi, and was at that time a Slave in the City of Mindanao, He might have been purchafed by us of , his Mafter for a fmall matter, as he was afterwards by Mr. Mttody, fwho came hither to trdde, and laded a Ship with CIove-Bark) and by tranfpor^ing hicn home to his own Country, we might have gotten a Trade there. BUt of Prince Jeoly I fhall fpeak more hereafber. Thefe Iflands are as yet pro- bably unknown to the Dntcbi who as I faid before, indeavour to ingrofs all the Spice into their om Hands. There was another Opportunity offered us here of fettling on another Spice-Ifland that was very well inhabited : For the Inhabitants fearing the Dutcb^ and underftanding that the E^lifi were fettling at Mindanao, their Sultan fent his Nephew to Minda- j nao while we were there to invite us thither : Capt. Swan conferr'd with him about it divers thnes, and I do believe he had fome Inclination to accept the | Offer ; and I am fure moft of the Men were for it: But this never came to a Head, for want of a true | underilanding between Capt. Swan and his Men, as may be declared hereafter. Befide the Benefit which might accrue from thk | Trade with Meangis^ and. other the Spice-Iflands, the Philippine Iflands themlelves, by a little Care and Induilry, might have afforded us a very benefi- cial Trade, a^d all thefe Trades might have been I managed from Mindanao, by fettling there hrft. Foji that Ifland ly^th very convenient for Trading cither The beft wajt U fiSePhilippiae Jffltmds. 151 (iithcrtothe Spice-Iflands, or to the reft of the 4 i69^ Philippine Iflands ; fince as its Soil is much of the V-»orv-« iune Nature with either of theixi, fo it lies as it were in the Center of the Gold and Spice-Trade in thefe Parts ; the Iflands North of Mindanao abounding moft in Goldf jlnd thofe South of Meangis in Spicci V As the Ifland Mindanao lies very convenient for Trade, fo confidering its Diftance, the way thither may not be orer-long and tirefome. The Courfe that I would choofe inould be to fetout of England ibout the latter-end of Augufi^ and to pafs round 'itrra del Fuego^ and fo ftretching over towards New Holland^ coaA it along that flioar till I came near to hftndanao ; or lirft I would coaft down near the dmeriean Shore, as far as I found convenient, and len dire£fc my Courfe accordingly for the Ifland. JBy this I fliould avoid coming near any of the ^«/f;& Settlements, and befure to meet always with conftant briflc eafterly Trade- Wind, after I was ince paft lerra del Fuego, Whereas in paffing a-> ibout the Cape of Good Hope^ after you are fliot o« er the Eaft-Indian Ocean, and are come to the I- ands, you muft pafs through the Streights of Ma^ wca or Sandjj or elfc fome other Streights Eaft froii> ba, where you will be fure to meet with Country- inds, go on which fide of the Equator you pleafe i nd this would require ordinarily feven or eighc Months for the Voyage, but the other I fliould ope to perform in fix or feven at moft. In your ' turn from thence alfo you muft obferve the fame ule as the Spaniards do in going from Manila to apulco ; only as they run towards the North-Pole •r variable Winds, fo you muft run to the South- ard, till you meet with a Wind that will carry ou over to Terra del Fuego, There are Places e- ugh to touch at for Refrefliment, either going coming. You may touch going thither on e^. 2 ther "isi Cavls*Jr ^ifcovery df Ttttk AuttralU:. %rf».i686. ther Tide of Terra Patagonia^ or, if you plcafe, it ^^''^^^ the Gallapagoes JJlands, where there is Refrelhment enough j and returning you may probably touch fomewhere on New- Holland, and To make fome pro- Stable Difcovery in thcfe Places without going oiii of your way^. And to (peak my Thoughts freely, I believe 'tis owing to the neglecSb.of this eafie way that all that vafbTraft of S^r^^ yf«/?r^/w; which bounds the South-Sea is yet pndifcovered : Thofe that crofs that. Sea feeming to defign fome Bufinefsl on the Peruvian or Mexican Coalt, and 'fo leaving chat at a diftance. To confirm which « I fhali add what Captain Dflwi told mediately, Thit after hij Departure from us at the K[averi: of Ria^Loxa (aj| is mentioned in the 8th Chap.) heivent, ^fter fcve- ral Traw:rfes, to the Gallapagaes^! und thdt' (landing I thence Southward for Wind, i to bring him about Terra del Fwegp, in the Lat of iy South,- about 500 Leagues from Copayapo, on: the Coaft of CbiliA ' he faw a fmall fandy Ifland juft by him; and that] they faw to the Weftward of it a longTradl of pret- ty high Land, tending away toward the North Weill out of fight. This might probably be the\Coailof| Terra Aujiralis Incognita, '\M c-r : , >v . . But to return to Mindanao; as to the Capacity vtl were then in, of fettling our felves at ilfiii^tf«/?, aI-[ though we were not fent out of any fuch defign ofj fettling, yet we were as well provided, or better! confiderthgallCircumftances, than if we had* Fori there was fcarce any ufeful Trade, but fome oq other of us underftood it. We had Sawyers, Car penters, JoyncrS, Brickmakcrs, Bricklayers, Sh makiers, Taylors, ^c, we only wanted .a goo Smith for great Work ; which: we might have ha(| at Mindanao. We were Very well provided wid Iron, Lead, and all forts of Tools, as Saws, AxesJ Hammers, ^c. We had Powder and Shot enough and very good fmall Arms. If we had defigned col • • . buil, build i out of naeed i alio a ( out of SiWy toe pafs an better t the danj change hotCiii general, cafiiy bs were aln and thej fcives a enough ( to mana, with the Captain Gold, wJ foldmof he had h he might chants to digrefTioi To pr Mindanai Canoa, a they faid After abc leaves; f miiing t< theyfaki' Month's then he that in th fome cor Raja Laut invites them ajbore. 353 build a Fort, wc could have fpared 8 or 10 Guns ^*' «<>86« out of our Ship, and Men enough to have msr V/VN/ naged it, and any Affair of Trade befide. We had alio a great Advantage above raw Men that arc fent out of England into thefe places, who proceed ufu- aliy too cautioufly, coldly and formally, to com- pafs any confiderable Defign, which Experience better teaches than any Rules whatfoever ; befidcs the danger of their Lives in fo great and fudden a change of Air : whereas wc were all inured to hot Climates, hardened by many Fatigues, and in general, daring Men, and fuch as would not be eafily baffled. To add one thing more, our Mca were almoft tired, and began to delire a quietus eft i and therefore they would gladly have feated them- fdves any where. Wc had a good Ship too, and enough of us (befide what might have been fpared to manage our new Settlement) to bring the News with the EfFefts to the Owners in England : for Captain Swan had already five Thoufand Pound in Gold, which he and his Merchants received for Goods fold moftly to Captain Harris and his Men% which if he had laid but part of it out in Spice, as probably he might have done, would have fatisfy'd tjie Mer- chants to their Hearts content. So much by way of digrefllon. To proceed therefore with our firft Reception at Mindanao^ Raja Laut and his Nephew fat dill in their Canoa, and would not come aboard us *, becaufe, as they faid, they had no Orders f^ it from the Sultan. After about half an Hour's Difcoiirfe, they took their leaves i firft inviting Captain Swan afhore, and pro- mifmg to aflift him in getting Prpvifion*, which they faid at prefent was fcarce, but in three or four Month's time the Rice would be gathered in, aud then he might have as- much as he pleafed : and that in the mean time he might fecure lus Ship in fome convenient place, for fear of the wefterly A a Winds, "1 • *l f$4 their frefentsy and Audience 0fjhe Sftksn: \4»'i6S6. Winds; which they iiiidyrould livery vjolent at. ^•^"V^J the lattcr-enjd of this Month, ai)^ Sptl^f next, as w6 4 found th|jm. . «* t * *| We did hot know tKe Quality of^Uide tym Vei ' fons till after they wtre. gone*, elfe wejhoukf H^^ii fif'd fome, Guns at/ their departure:' "VWien thdyf were gone^ a certain Officer under the Sultaii came' ' aboard, and meafured our Ship. A Qafiom deri^ ved from the^ Chinefe^ who always meafure xfk length and breadth, and the depth of tho. Hold of ' all Ships that come to load there : by which meani they know how much each Ship will carry. ^ Bqt for what reafon this Cuftom is* ufed either t^ the Chinefi, or Mindanao Men, I could never learnr, un- lefs the Mindanayans defign by this noeans to inv |3rrove theirSkill in Shipping, againft they have a Trade. Captain Swaii^ confidering that the Seafon of the Ifear would oblige us to fpend fome time at this I- fliind, thought it convenient to make what Intereft he could with the Sultan ; who might afterwards ei- ther obflft'uft, or advance his Defigns. He there- fore immediately provided a Prefent to fend afliofc to the Sultan, viz. Three Yards of Scarlet-Cloath, Three Yards a^ broad Gold Lace, a Turkifh Scimi- ter and a Pair of Piftols : And to I^aja Laui he fent Three Yards of Scarlet-Cloth, and Three Yards of Silver Lace. This Prefent was carried by Mr. Henry Mon in the Evening. He was firft conducted to Raja Laul*s Houfe *, where he remained till report thereof was made to the Sultan, who immediately gave order for all things to be made ready to receive him. About nine a Clock at Night, a Meflenger catne frotti the Sultan to bring the Prefent away. Then JV^r. More was conduced all the way with Torches and sirmed Men, till be came to the Houfe where the Sultan was. The Sultan with eight or ten Men of his Council were; feated on Carpets^ waiting! . . " hij h r» * ^Xf/tf Enstifli Lettns found at Mindanao. * 4^5 *|u« cominff^ iD*^ Prcfent that Mr. ^(?r^ broucht ^^ »68^; •was laiS dowit lefpr^ thenij and was very kjndly S^**^Cy • :cepc^d bjrch^ ^ran, wtyb.caufed Mr. More to fic loMTik^y chet^ and asjced & ^reat manv 'Queftions * [i^^htm. J'he difcourfe was in Spanijlt by an In--' |l|ef0rete{. This .Conference tailed about an ho^r, * U^ /hen he was difmift, • aiid returned again to RajaJ^ui^s Houfe. There was a Supper provided Tor him, and the Boat's Crew \ after which he re- turned aboard. The next day the Sultan fent for Capt. Swan : He . immediately went afhore with a Flag flying in the BoaVs-head, and. two Trumpets founding all the wayit When he came afhore, he was met at his JLanding by two prin(:ipal Officers, guarded along with Soldiers and abundance of People eazing .to fee him. The Sultan waited for him in his Cham- ber of Audience, where Captain Swan was treated with Tobacco and Betel, which was all his Enter- tainment. The Sultan fent for two En^ijh Letters for Cap- tain Swan to read, purpofely to let him know, that our Eafi-India Merchant; did delign to fettle here, and that they had already fent a Shjp hi- ther. One of thefc Letters was fent to the Sultan from England^ by the Eaji-tnclia Merchants. ThJ chiefeft things contained ^jx.^ as 1 remember, for I faw it afterwards in the Secretarys hand, who was very pround to fhew it to us, was to defire fome Priviledges, in order to the building of a Fort there. This Letter was written in a very fair Hand } and between each Line, there was a Gold Line drawn. The other Letter was left by Captain Goodlud^ direftcd to any Englt/h-m^n who Hiould happien to come thither. This related wholly to Trade, giving an account, at what race he had agreed with them for Goods of the liland, and how J^ur^^fan Goods (bould be fold to them A a 2 with. U^ A Mindanaiafri Vunifumni, J»^m6%6. with an account of their Weights and Mcafurcs, and ^ their difference from ours. The Rate agreed on for Mindanao Gold, was 14 Spanijh Dollars, Cwhich is a current Corn all over India) the EtigUJh Ounce, and 1 8 Dollars the Min- danao Ounce. But for Bees-wax and Clove-bark, I do not remember the Rates, neither do I well re- member the Rates of Europe Commodities j but I think the Rate of Iron was not above 4 Dollars a Hundred. Captain Goodlud'a Letter concludes thus. Truji none ofthem^ for they are all Thieves^ hut Tace is Latin for a Candle. We undcrftood afterwards that Captain Goodlud was robb'd 6f fome Goods by one of the Generars Men, and that he that robb*d him was fled into the Mountains, and could not be found while Captain Goodlud was here. But the Fellow returning back to the City fome time after our arri- val here, Raia Lattt brought him bound to Captain Szvany and told him what He had done, dcfiring him to punifh him for it as he pleafed ; but Captain Swan excufed himfelf, and laid it did hoi belong to him, therefore he would have nothing to do with it. However, the General Raja Laut^ wduld not pardon hhn, but punilhcd him according to their own Cuftom, which I did never fee but at this time. He was ftript ftark naked in the Morning at Sun- fifing, and bound to a Poft, fo that he could not ilir Hand nor Foot, but as he was mov'd ; and was placed with his Face Eaftward againfl: the Sun. In the Afternoon they turn'd his Face towards tht Weft, tliat the San might ftill be in his Face ; and thus he flood all Day, parcht in the Sun (which fhines here cxceflively hot) and tormented with the Moskito's or Gnats : After this the General would have killed him, if Captain SiiOan had confented to it. I did never fee any put to Death •; but I believe they arc barbarous enough in it. The Gcncrjil told us him- • ' ■ • - fclf Kso^L^ut entfrtatnsCaf tain Swm^ $37 fef thv he put two Men to Death m a Town where /**»• '^w* fomc of us were with him j but I heard not the man- K^VSJ ner ofit. Their common way of punifliing is to ftrip them. in this manner, and place them in the Sun i but fometimes they lay thtm flat on their Backs on the Sand, which is very hot *, where they remain a whole Day in the fcorching Sun, with the Mos.Hito's biting them all the time. This Adlion of the General in ofFerina; Captain Swan the Punilhmcnt of the Thief, caus'd Captain Swan afterwards to make him the fame offer of his Men.when any had offended the Mindanao Men : but the General left fuch Offenders to be punifbed by Captain Swa^, as he thought convenient. So that for the leaft Offence Captain Swan puniffied his Men,and that in the fieht of the Mindanaians ; and I think fome- times only for revenge •, as he did once punifh hi$ chief Mate Mr. teaty he that came Captain of the Bark to Mindanao. Indeed at that time Captain Swan had his Men as much under command as if he had ' been in a King*s Ship : and had he known how to ufe his Authority, he might have led them to a- ny Settlement, and have brought them to aflifthini in any defign he had pleafed. . Captain Swan being difmifs'd from the Sqltan^ with abundance of Civility, after about two Hour$ Difcourfe with him, went thence to Raja Laut*s Houfe. Raja Laui had then fomc Difference with the Sultan, and therefore he was not prefent at the Sulcan*s Reception of our Captain *, but waited his return, and treated him and all his Men with boyl- cd Rice and Fowls, Jie then told Captain Swan again, and urged it to hiiTi« chat it \^qu14 be bed to get his Ship into the River as foon as he could, becaufc of the ufual tempeftuous Weather at this time of the Year -, aftd that he ffiould want no afllft- Ance to further him in any thing. He told him air fp, that as we mud of^ nccefTity ftay here fomc A a J tin^c, . J5« ' T^key draw their Ship up their River, ^». 1686. time, fo our Meh would often cortie afliore*, and \y\'\) he therefore defired him to warn his Men to be careful to give no affront to the Natives ; who, he faid, were very revengful. That their Cuftoms ^ being different from ours, he feared that Captain Swan's Men might fome time or other offend them, though ignorantly ; that therefore he gave him this friendly warning, to prevent it : That his Houfe Ihould always be open to receive him or any of his Men, and that he knowing our Cultoms, would never be offended at any thing. After a great deal of fuch Difcourfe he difmifl the Captain and his Company, who took their leave and came aboard. Captain Swan having feen the two Letters, did not doubt but that the Englijh did defi^n to fettle a Fadlory here : therefore he did not much fcruple the Honefly of thefe People', but immediately or- dered us to get the Ship into the River. The Ri- ver upon which the City of Mindanao (lands is but imall, and hath not above 10 or 11 foot Water on the Bar at a Spring- tide : Therefore we lightned our Ship, and the Spring coming on,' we with much ado got her into the River, being affifted by 50 or 60 Mindanaian Filliermen, who liv'd at the Mouth of the River i Raja Laut himfelf being a- board our Ship to direft them. We carried her about a quarter of a Mile up, within the Mouth of the River, and there moored her, head and fterri in a hole, where we always rode afloat. After this the Citizens of Mindanao came frequently a- board, to invite our Men to their Houfes,' and to offer us Pagallies. 'Twas a long time fince any of us had received fuch Friendlhip, and therefore we were the more eafily drawn to accept of their kindnefles ; and in a very Ihort time moft of oiir Men got a Comrade or two, and as many Pagal- jles i efpecially fuch of us as had good Clothes, and ftore cf God, as many had, who were bf x\\t '" number The Natives care fs them, ■" t$9 number of thofe that accompanied Captain Harris An. it^ ' over the Ifthmus of DarieH, the reft of us being O'VNJ j30or enough. Nay, the very pooreft and meaneft of us con/d hardly pafs the Streets, but we were even hal'd by Force into their Houfes, to be treated by them : altho* their Treats were but hican, viz. Tobacco, or Bete^-nut, or a little fweet fpiced Wa- ter 5 yet their feeming Sincerity, Simplicity, and the manner of bcftowing thefe Gifts, made theiQ very acceptable. When we came to their Houfes* they would always be praifiHg the Englljb, as decla- ring that the Englijh and Mindanaians were all one. This they expreft by putting their two fore -fingers clofe together, an4 faying, that the Englijh and Minda^ miam werefamo, famo, that is, all one. Then they would draw their fore-/ingers hajf a foot afunder, and fay the Dukb and they were BugetOj which fig- nifies fo, th^t they were at fuch diftance in point of Friendfl^ip: Andfor the Spaniards, they wouid make a greajter I^Leprefentation of diftance than for the l)i(tcb : Fearing thefe, but having felt, and fmarted from the Spaniards^ who had once alnjoft brought them uhder. Captain Swan did fijjdom go into a^iy Houfe at firft, but into Raja Laut*s. Therehe dii)ed conimonly every day ; and as many of his Men as were alhore, and had no Money to entertain themfelves, refort- cd thither about 12 a Clock, wliere they had Rice enough boiled and well drcl^, and fome fcraps of Fowls, or ^its of Buffi^loe, dreft very paftily. Cap- tain Swan vas ferved a litrle better, ;ind his two Trumpet :ts founded all the time that he was at din- ner. After dinner Raja Laut would fit anddjfcourfe with him moft part of the Afternoon. \t wa^ now the Ramdam tinie, therefore the General cx- cufed himfelf, that he could not entertain qur Captain with Dances, and other Paftimes, as he ^Cs:a4ed ^Q do when this lolcmn Time was paft i ' . A a 4 ^cfides. % 160 ^ f^olent Rains and Floods. ■ "'ivrs? ^^^*'^^^» *^ ^*^ ^^^ ^^'7 heighth of the wet Seafon, • l/irV and therefore not fo proper for Paftimes. We had now very tfempeftuous Weather, and cxceflive Rains, which fo ftvell'd the River, that it overflowed its Banks ; fo that we had much ado to keep our Ship fafc : For every now and then we fhould have great Tree come floating down the River and ometimes lodge againft our Bows, to the endangering the breaking our Cables, and either the driving iis in, overthe Banks, or carrying us out to Sea ; both which would have been very dangerous to us, efpecialjy being without Ballafl:. The City is about a Mile long (of no great breadth) winding with the Banks of the River oa the right Hand going up, tho* it hath many Houfes on the other Side too. But at this time it feemed to ftand as in a Pond, and there was no pafling frqm one Houfe to another but in Canoas. This tem- peftuous rainy Weather happened the latter-end of July, and laftcd moft part of Auguft, When the bad Weather was a little aflwaged, Captain Swan hired a Houfe to put our Sails and Gqpds in, while we careenM our Ship. We had a great deal of Iron and Lead, which was brought alhore into this Houfe. Of thefe Commodities f Captain Swan fold ro the Sultan or General, 8 or ip Tuns, at the Rates agreed on by Captain Goodlud, to be paid in Rice. The Mindanaians are no good Accomptants*, therefore the Cbinefe that live here, do caft up their Accompts for them. After this. Captain Swan hou^t Timber-trees of the General, and fet fome of our Men to faw them into Planks, to (heath the Ship's bottom. He had two Whip-Saws on Board, which he brought out of England , and four or five Men |hat knew the ufe of them, for they had been Sawyers m^amaica. When r, and that it ich ado nd then ig down r Bows, les, and carrying •en very Sallaft. no great River on y Houfes it feemed o pairing This tem- :cr-end of -When rheir Dances. 'J St^y of J.lh^ckct. J«i When the Ramdam time was over, and the dry ^^J?^ time fct iri a little, the peneral, to oblig* $wan^ entertained him every Night with Dances. The dancing Women that are purpofcly bred up to it, and make it their Trade, I have already de- fcribcd. But befide them all the Women in gene- ral arc much addided to Dancing, They dance 40 or 50 at once ; and that ftanding all round in a Ring, joined Hand in Hand, and finging and keep- ing time. But they never budge out of their places, nor make any motion till the Chorus is fung ; then all at once they throw out one Leg, and bawl out aloud ; and fometimes they only clap their Hands when the Chorus is fung. Captain S'wan, to re- taliate the General's Favours, fent for his Violins, and Tome that could dance Englifh Dances ; where- with the General was very well pleafed. They qommonly fpent the biggeft part of the Night in ihefe fort of Paftimcs. Among the reft of our Men that did ufe to dance thus before the General, there was one John Thacker^ who was k Seaman bred, and could neither write nor read ; but had formerly learnt to dance in the Mufick-houfes about Wapping : This Man came into the South-Seas with Captain Harris, and getting with him a good Quantity of Gold, and be- ing a pretty good Huft)and of his Share, had ftill [feme kfty befides what he laid out in a very good puit of Cloaths. The General fuppofed by his Garb and his dancing, that he had been of noble Eic- raftion j and to be fatisfy'd of his Quality, asked if one of our Men, if he did not guefs aright of im ? The Man of whom the General asked* this ueftion told him, he was much in the right ; and hat moft of pur Ship's Company were of the like; xtraftion ; efpecially all thofe that had fine baths i and that they came aboard only to fee he World, having M9ney enough to bear their Ex- pences 1 61 T^e Getieral's Treachery. A». 1686. pcnces whcrc-ever they came j but that for th ^y^TSj |:efl:, thofc that had but mean Clothes, they were only common Seamen. After this, the General fliew*d a grelt deal of Refpedt to all that had good Clothes, but efpecially to John Thachry till Cap- tain Swap came to know the Bufmefs, and marr'd all J undeceiving the General, and drubbing th(j Nobleman : For he was fo much incenfed againft John Thacker, that he could never endure him after- wards i tho* the poor Fellow knew nothing of thd Matter. About the middle of November we began to work on our Ship's Bottom, which we found very mucli eaten \yith the Worm : For this is a horrid place i for Worms. We did not know this till after we had I been in the River a Month •, and then we found] bur Canpas bottoms eaten like Honey-combs ; our JBark, which ^as a fingle Bottom, was eaten thro ' } lo that Ihc could n9C fwim. But oui Ship was lheath« ed, atid the Wornji camuj no further than the Hair between the flieathing Flank, and the main Plank. We did not miftruft the Qeneral*s Knavery 'till now: for when he came down to our Ship, and found us ripping off the (heathing Plank, and law the firm | Bottom underneath. He Ihook his Head, and feem- cd to be difcontented i faying, he did never ftea Ship] yrkh two Botton^s before. We were told that in place, where we now lay, 4 Dutch Ship was eaten upl in 2 Months time, and the General had all her Qunsjl and it is probable he did expedl to have h^d qursJ Which I do believe was rhe main Reafon that madel him fo forward in affifting us co get our Ship into| the River, for when we c^n^e out again we had no Affiftance from hini. We had no Worms till wa came to this place : For when we careen'd at tM Marias, the Worm had not touch*d us ; nor aO Gnanty for there we fcrubb*d i nor after we came i\ ;he Ifland Mindanap y for at the S. E. end of th ■•'•■' ■ Ifla Ship- Worms, 3»l Ifland we heclM and fcrobb*d alfo. The Mindanai- An. i6d6- uni arc fo fenfible of thcfe deftruftive Infefts, that L/'V^ whenever they come from Sea, they immediately hale their Ship into a dry Dock, and burn her bot- tom, and there let her lye dry till they are ready to go to Sea again. The Canoas or Prbes they hale up dry, and never fuffer them to be long in the Water. It is reported that thofe Worms which get into a Ship's bottom in the fait Water, will dye in the frcfh Water ; and that the frefli Water Worms will dye in fait Water ; but in the brackifh Water both forts will increafe prodigioufly. Now this place where we lay was fometimes brackilh Water, yet commonly frefh ; but what fort of Worm this was ] know not. Some Men are of Opinion, that thefe Worms breed in the PUnk ; but I am perfwaded they breed iii the Sea : For I have feen Millions of them fwimming in the Water, particularly in the Bay of "Panama \ for their Captain Davis, Captain I Swan and my felf, and mbft of our Men, did take . notice of them divers times, which was the reafoii of our Cleaning fo often while we were there: and thefe were the largeft Worms that I did ever fee. I have alfo feen them in Virginia , and in the Bay of iCampeacby i*in the latter of which places the Worms cat prodigioufly. They are always in Bays, Creeks, jMouths of Rivers, and fuch places as are near the lihore;" being never found far out at Sea, that I Icould ever learn : yet a Ship will bring them lodg'd lin its Plank for a great Way; Having thus ript off all our Worm-eatefi Plank, ind clapt on new, by the beginning of I)/?f^z«^^r [1686, oiir Ship!s-bpttpm was fheathedand tallowed, and the loth day we went over the Bar and took iiboard the Iron and Lead that we could not fell, ; ind began to fill oiir Water, and fetch aboard Rice [or our Yoyage : but C; -Stc;^;; rernain'd afhore ftill, id was not yet deccrmin'd when to fail, or whither. ■ - ill •■• ■ ' V But 1 64 ^^^ General tricks them. '4». 1686. But I am well alTured that he did never intend to jyVN) cruize about Manila, as his Crew defigned ; for I did once ask him, and he told me. That what he had already done of that kind he was forcM to •, but now being at Liberty, he would never more engage in any fuch Defign : For, faid he, there is no Prince on E^arth is able to wipe off the Stain of fuch A6tions. What other Defigris he had I know not, for he was commonly very crofs ; yet he did never pro- pofe doing any thing clfe, but only ordered the Pro- 1 vifion to be got aboard in order to fail •, and I am I ' confident if he Jiad made a motion to go to any Eni- lijb Faftory, mod of his Men would have confented I to it, tho' probably fome would have ftill oppofed it, | However, his Authority might foon have over-fway. cd thofe that were refraftory -, for it was very ftrangc I to fee the Awe that thefe Men were 'i of him, for he punifh'd the moft ftubborn and daring of his Men, Yet when we had brought the Ship out into the Road, they were not altogether fo fubmifllve as while it lay in the River, tho* even then it was that iie| puniflied Captain "Teat. I was at that time a hunting with the General I for Beef, which he had a long time promifed us,| But now I faw that there was . no Credit to be gi- • ven to his Word ; for I was a Week out with hinjl and faw but four Cows, which were fo wild, thati we did not get one. There were five or lix morel of pur Company with me ; thefe who were youngl Men, and had Dalilah*s there, which made them fondl of the Place, all agreed with the General to tell Cap-" tain Swan that there were Beeves enough, only theyj were wild. But I toldhim the Truth, and advifedliimi not to be too credulous of the Gcneral*s Promifes. Hel feemed to be very angry, and ftormed behind theGe-j peral's Back, but in his Prcfencewas very mu^e, be| fng a Man of fmall Courage. \i\ I never pro- ed the Pro- and I am to any £«^. e conientcdl oppofed it, ; over-fway' veryftrangel >fhim, for r of his Men. to the Road, J as while it I was that he the General >romifed us,| dit to be gi' »ut with hinji wild, tliatl or Tix more were youngi de them fond| 1 to tell Cap , only theyl advifedhira 'romifes. He| :hind theGe- •y mu^e, be- lt I The Prodigality of the ^ti^\^ Stamen. t6s It was about the 20th Day of December when we <*»• »*8^« returned from hunting, and the General dcfigncd ^•'V^^ to go again to another place to hunt for Beef; but he ftayed till after Chrijimas-day, becaufe fome of usdeHgned to go with him ; and Captain Swatt had deured all his Men to be aboard that Day, that we might keep it folemnly together : And accord- ingly he fent aboard a BufFaloe the Day before, that we might have a good Dinner. So the 25th Day about 10 a Clock, Captain Swan came aboard, and all his Men who were afhore : For you muft underftand that near a third of our Men lived con- ttantly afhore, with their Comrades and Pagallies, and fome with Women-fcrvants, whom they hired c*J of their Mafters for Concubines. Some of our ' Men alfo had Houfes, which they hired or bought, forHoufes are very cheap, for 5 or 6 Dollars. For any of them having more Money than they knew hat to do with, eafed themfelves here of the rouble of telling it, fpending it very lavifhly, their rodigality making the People impofe upon them, the making the reft of us pay the dearer for what t bought, and to endangering the like Impofi- ions upon fuch Englijhmen as may come here here^ ^ ter. For the Mindanayans knew how to get our quires Gold from them (for we had no Silver,; and hen our Men wanted Silver, they would change w and then an Ounce of Gold, and could get rit no more than ten or eleven Dollars for a Min^ ]nnao Ounce, which they would not part with a-^ [ain under eighteen Dollars. Yet this, and the great rices the. Mindanayans fet on their Goods, were not le only way to leffen their Stocks •, for their Pa- llies and Comrades would often be begging mewhat of them, and our Men were generous lOugh, . and would beftov/ half an Ounce of Gold a time, in a Ring for their Pagallies, or in a ver Wrift-band, p.r Hoop to come about their Arms, z46 Captain Swan'/ /// Conduct. ^». 1636. Arms, in hopes to get a Night's Lodging with KyV^J them. When we are all aboard on Chriftma^-Day, Cap. tain Swan and his two Merchants ; I did expeft | that Captain Swan would have niade fome Pro. pofals, or have told us his Defigns } but he only I dined and went afliore again, without fpcaking |. ny thing of his mind. Yet even then I do think that he was driving on a defign, of going to one of the Spice-Iflands, to load with Spice ; for the youn^ Man before mentioned, who I faid was fentl by his Unkle, the Sultan of a Spice-Ifland nearl uernatey to invite the Engli/h ro- their IQand, camel aboard at this time, and after fome private difJ courfe with Captain Swan^ they both went afhonl together* This young Man did not care that the! Mindanaians fliould be privy to what he faid. jl have heard Captain Swan fay that he offered tol load his Ship with Spice, provided he would builr U fmall Fort, and leave fome Men to fecure thJ Ifland from the Dutch ; but I am fince informdj that the Dutch have now got poiTefTion of tb Ifland. The next day after Chriftmas, the General wc away again, and 5 pr 6 Englijhmen with him, whom I was one, under pretence of going a huntj ing i and we all went together by Water in Proe, together with his Women and Servants, t^ the hunting-place. The General always carrie his Wives and Children, his Servants, his Mone and Goods with him : fo we all imbarked ii Morning, and arrived there before Night. J ha^ already defcribed tlie Falhion of their Proes, ai the Rooms made in them. We were entertained 1 4 the General's Room or Cabbin. Our Voyage wi not fo far, but that wc reached oar Fort befoij Night. The Generats Seraglio^ 3^ At this time one of the General's Scrvajits had ^».«6W. offended, and was punifhed in this manner : H^ V/Wi was bound faft flat on his Belly, on a Bambou be- longing to the Prow, which was fo near the Wa- ter, that by the Veilels motion, it frequently del- ved under Water, and the Man along with it ; and Ifometimes when hoifted up, he had fcarce time to blow before he would be carried unde** Water a- I gain. When we had rowed about two Leagues, we en* tred a pretty large deep River, and rowed up a League further, the Water fait all the way. Ther? was a pretty large Village, the Houfes built after the Country falhion. We landed at this Place, where there was a Houfe made ready immediately for us. The General and his Women lay at one end of the bufe, and we at the other end, and in the Evening / II the Women in the Village danced before the Ge- serai. While we ftaid here, the General with his Men rent out every Morning betimes, arid did not return ill four or five a Clock in the Afternlstpn, and he ould often complement us, by telling us what good Tuft and Confidence he had in us, f^yiW that he left his Women and Goods under our r^oteftion, ,d that he thought them as fecure with us fix, (for had all our Arms with us^ as if hie hatvJeftDM if his own Men to guard them. Yet for all thji ;reat Confidence, he always left one of his pfwci- 1 Men, for fear fome of us ihould be too familiar ith his Women. They did never ftir out of their own Room hen the General was at Home, but as foon as he as gone out, they would prefently come into our oom, and fit with us all Day, and ask a Thou- nd Queftions of us concerning our Englijh Wo- en, and our Cuftoms. You may imagine that be- rc this time, fome of us had attained fo much of their 36^ Their Convetft with the Generats fVomen, Am. \6i6. their Language as to undcrftand them, and give i/'W ihem Anfwers to their Demands. I remember that one dav they asked how many Wives the King of England had ? Wc told them but one, and that our Englijh Laws did not allow of any mote. They faid it was a ftrange Cuftom, that a Man | ' Should be confined to one Woman •, fome of them I faid it was a very bad Law, but others again faid it was a good Law •, fo there was a great Difputea- mong them about it. But one of the General's Women faid pofitively, That our Law was better than theirs, and made them all filent by Che Reafonf "which fhe gave for it. This was the H^ar §ueen^ aji we called her, for fhe did always accompany thel - General when ever he was called out to engage hi$| Enemies, but tlie reft did not. By this Familiarity among the Women, and byl often difcourfing them, we came to be acquaintdl . with their Cuftoms and Privilcdgcs. The Generall lies with his Wives by turns *, but fhe by whom hef had the firft Son, has a douulc Portion of his Qm\ pany : For when it comes to ht r turn, fhe has hin two Nights, whereas the reft have him butonJ She witli whom he is to lye at ^^ight, feems to havj a particular Refpeft fhewn her by the reft all ili J)recedent day -, and for a Mark of diftinftion wears a IJriped filk Handkerchief about her Nedj by which we knew who was QuCen that day. f Wc lay here about 5 or 6 Days, but did nevcj in all that time fee the leaft fign of any Beef, whid was the Bufmefs we came about, neither weri we fuffered to go out with the General to fcj the wild Kine, but we wanted for nothing elfej However, this did not pleafe us, and we often portuned him to let us go out among the Caitlj At laft he told us. Thai he i.ad provided a Jan Kice-drink to be merry with us, and after that ' fliould go w|th him. « ".v,v ? , \<^v.O Rice-Drink; , ,-; J tfn This RiceHdrink ii made of Rice boiled and ^^>^7: put into a Jar, where it remains a long time fteep- ing in Water. I know not the manner of making it, but it is very ftrons pleafant Drink. The Even- ing when the General defigned to be merry, he caufed a Jar of this Drink to be brought into our Room, and he began to drink firft himfelf, then afterwards his Men \ fo they took turns till they were all as drunk as Swine, before they fuffered US to drink. After they had enough, then wo drank, and they drank no more, for they will not drink after us. The General leapt about our Room a little while *, but having his Load, foon went to fleep. The next Day we went out with the General in- to the Savannah, where he had ne^i lOO Men maT king of a large Pen to drive the Cattle into. For that is the manner of their Hunting, having no Dogs. But I faw not above eight or ten Cows \ and thofe as wild as Deer, fo that we got none this Day : yet the next Day fome of his mtn brought in tkree Heifers, which they kill'd in tl^e Savannah. With thefe we returned aboard, they being all that ; we got there. Captain Swan was much vexed at the General's Actions •, for he promifed to fupply us with as much Beef as we fhould want, but now either could not* or would not make good his Promife. Befides, he failed to perform his Promife in a Bargain of Rice, tiiat we were to have for the Iron which we fold him, but he put us off ftill from time to time, and would not come to any Account. Neither were thefe all his Tricks i for a little before his Son was circumcifcd, Cof which I fpake in the forego- ling Chapter^ he pretended a great ftreight for JMoney, to defray the Charges of that Day \ and Itiierefore defired Captain Swan to lend him abou^ [twenty Ounces of Gold i for he knew that Captain Jb Swut 'tY^ Raja Laut'j hea/lheft h Capt. Swan: !f^^9? Swan hid i confideroble qutntity 6f GtUd in his ■ . ^^y^ pdfleflion, which the General thought wac hit I Jj^"'* own, but indeed he had none but what belonged to ■ "®^*^ ' the Merchants. HoweVer he lent it the. General i but when he came to an account with Captain Swan^ he told him, that it was nfual tit fueh fo^ lemn times to make Prcfcnt^ and that he received it as a Gift. He alfo demanded Payment for the ViAuals that our Captain and his Men did eat at his Houfe. Thefe things ftartled Captain Swart, yet hbw to help himfelf he Knew not. But all this, with other inward Troubles, lay hard on our Captain's ^ Spirits, and put him very much out of Humouri for his own Company were prefHng him every Day to be gone, becaufe now was the heighth of the cafterjy Monfoop, the only Wind to carry us far* ther into the Indies, About this time fome of our Men, who , were weary and tired with wandring, ran away into the Country and abfconded, they being aflfifted, as Wai generally believed by Raja Laut, There were Others alfo, who fearing we Ihculd not go to an Engli/b Port, bought a Canoa, and defigned to go in her to Borneo : For not long before the Mindanat VeflTel came from thence, and brought a Letter di- rected to. the chief of the Engli/h Factory at Mk' Aanao, This Letter the General would have Cap* tain Swan have opened, but he thought ii might ' come from fome of the Eafl-India Merchants whofc Affairs he would not intermeddle with, and there* fore did not open it. I fince met with Captain Bowry at j^chinl and telling him this Story, he faid that he fent that Letter, fuppofing that the £«g' iijb were fettled there at Mindanao ; and by this Letter we alfo thought that there was an Englijh Factory at Borneo: So here vvsa a miftake on both fides. But this Canoa, wherewiih fome of them thought to go t but fent his Mate, Herman Coppinger. This Man fometime before this, was deeping at his Pagallie?, and a Snake twifted himfclf about his Neck ; but afterwards went away without hurting him. In this Country it is ufual to have the Snakes [ come into the Houfes and into the Ships too ', for we had feveral came aboard our Ship when we lay in the River. But to proceed, Herman Coppinger provided to go aboard ^ and the next Day, bein^ the time appointed for Captain Swan and all his Men to meet aboard, I went aboard with him, nei-*- thcrof us diftrtifted what was defigning by thofe aboard, till we came thither. Then we found it was only a Trick to get the Surgeon off; for now, having obtained their Defires, the Canoa was fent alhore again immediately, to defire as many as they could meet to come aboard i but not to tell the Reafon, Isi^ Cs^ptain Swan fhould con^e to hear of » b 3 Tho ^7* Thef Uav^ Cn^Sam S^m tekfiui. AH.t^lj, ) ^The 13 th Day iQ the Morning they weighed, and C/W fircid a. Gun: Caf)jt. <5w4« knmeaiately fent »^ board Mr. Nelly ^ who was now his chief Mate, to fee .what the matter was :. To him thty told all their Grievances, and Ihewcd him the Journal., He per- iw^Aded them to ftay till the next Day, foi* an An- f<^er frotn Capuin Swan and the Merchants, So the^ (tjimp to an Anchor again j and the next Morn* Jng Mr. Harthop came aboard : He perfwJidcd them t» be reconciled again, or at lealt to ftay -and get iporc Rice : But th«y were deaf to it, aind Weigh- eiii^gain while he^a« aboard. Yci: &t Mr, fi<^rthof% P-erfwafion they promifcd to ftay till twoa Clock in ti>el Afternoon for Captain Stvan^ and the reft of the Men, if they would come aboaivd & but they furred no Man to go^fliore, except; one tVillian tJ(Uliavis that had ft wooden Leg, and ftiK^her that ■wwa a Sawyer., .J :. t Jfj.Cdpi. 5wl ofcafions; N(9lc di^'Odr Men want^fpr giving OfFenoj^ through N ^(?ir;general Rogueries, Jjnd fometiiftes by -daUyiflg | t4)ft,fdrp}l|aTjy with theii- Women, even b?foi ^'t-s ho^\ . tjfnrrii rii;,:ru .. ^.'^ ..C tl A p.! silT C H A P. XIV, TivtV -ivV* fkty depari \fftm the River of Mindanao. Of the time hfi or gain' d in failing round" the '.. . World: With a Caution to Seamen, about the Allowance they are to take for the difference of the Sun's declination. The South* Coafl of Mindanao. Chambongo Town and Hariour, ';ivith its neighbouring Keys. Green Turtle. , fiuinsAof ^. Spanilh Fm* The Wejlermoft^ fbi^t of Hitifi^nzo. Two Throes oft he So\0' gues Men from Manila. An Ifle to the Wefk <7/Sebo. Walking-Canes. JJleof^ms, veryi large j and numerous Turtle and Manatee. A dangerous ShoaU They fail by Vzn&y be- longing to the Spaniardis, and others of the Philippine Iflands. JJle.iS^ Mindorz. Two Barks taken. A further jfi^countpf the Ifle Luconia, and the Qty and Harbour ofMsr nila. They go off Pulo Condorc / ^jp.i^Sj.to dccreafe the diflfercnce of deqUnation, whereai thqr ought ft ill to have incrcftfed it, for it ail th^ way increafed upon us. : We had the Wind at N. N. E. fair clear WcaJ tber, and a brisk Gale. We coaftod to the 'wefc ward, pn the Sputh-fide of tine liUnd of Mindannir, keeping within four or fivie Leagues of the Shonj the Land fropi hence trends away W. by S. • It? 'A of a good heighth by the Sca,^ abd very woody, and in ^he Country w« few high Hills. The next Day w^ were abrtft oS €hambongo \ % irown in this Ifland, and 30 Leagues from the Ri* yer of Mindanao, Here is fatd to: be a good Har- Bouf , and a great Settlement, with plenty of Beef I 4n4 Buiffaioc. It is reported that the Spaniards wen' formerly fortified here alfo : There arc two Shoal* lii^ o^ pis place, two or three Leagues from the Shear. From hence the Land is more low and even •, ypt there are fome Hills in the Country. About .fix Leagues before we came to the Weft-end 6f the Ifland Mindanao, we fell in with a great ma- ny, fmajl lovr Xflands or Keys, and about two of | tiircc ^eagues to the Southward of thefe Keys, ^erc Is a long Ifland ftretchjng N. E. and S. W, about 12 Lef^ues. This Ifland is low by the Sea on the North-iide^ and has a Ridge of Hills in the mid- 1 ^1^^. running from one end to the other. Between th>5 Ifle anq the fmall Keys, there is a good large Channel: Among the. Keys alfo chere is a good depth of Water, and a violent Tide ; but on what point of the Compafs it flows, I know not, nor how much it rifech and falls. • , The 17th Day we anchored on the Eaft-fide of all ihefcKeys, in ei^ht fathom Water, clean Sand. Here 3^re plenty of green Turtle, whofe Flelh is asfwect ^s any in the tVeft-Indiei : But they are very ftiy. A little to the weft ward of thefe Keys, on the Iflanci j^indanao^ we faw abui^dapee of Coco-nut-Trees'J Therefore Ruins of a Spattilh Fort, Tbt Goafts^ &cJ J79 Therefore wc fast tnwr Canoa afljore, thinking to •^. i6»tw. find Inhabitants, but fo^nd norie, nor fign of any v'^^ batg<"cai Trafts off Hogs, and greAt Cattle ;' and dafe by the Sea there were Riluis ofian'Jokl Fort 4; the Walls thereof were of a go<>d.'hdghth, built- with Stone and Lime, '. and by the Workmanfh^ fsem'd to be S.pmfii; ¥iom tbifi place the Land trends W. N. W. and it is of an indiiferent heighth by the Sea. It runon tSus point of theCompafsfour or five Leagues, and tfaeri the Land trends away N. N.W. five or fix Leagues farther, making with' many bloff Points. We weigh*d again the 14th Day, and went thto^* between the Key&rbut met fuch uncertain Tides, that we were forced to anchor again; The' 2 2d D»y we got abbutrhe wcftermolt Point of all Mindanao^ and ifcood' to the northward, plying under the Shore, and having the Wind at N. N. El a frefh Gale. As Yit failed along further, we found- tine Land, to trend N. N. E. On this part of the IQand the Lar^d is high by the Sea, with foil bkff Points, and v«ry woody. There are fomc fioall faiidy Bays^^ which atford Streams of freih .♦ I Here we met with' two Prows belonging to the SohgueSf one of the Mindanaian Nations before- mencbned. They came from Manila l^cti with Silks and Callicoes. We kept on this weftern part of the Ifland ftcering northerly, till We came a- brcfi: gif fomc other of the Philippine Iflands, that lay to the northward of us, then fleered away towards them j but fl ill keeping on the Weft- fide of them, and we had the Winds at N. N. E. The 3d of February we anchored in a good Bay on the Weft-fidciof the Ifland, in Lat. 9 d. 55 min. where we had 13 Fathom-water, good foft Oaze. This Ifland hath no Name that we could find in. any Book» but licth on die Weft-fide of the Ifland 3«0 Canes, IJ!e ofBMts. ' * '^ >•, 1687. Seho, It is about eight or ten Leagues long, mountai. t/V\J ijoui and woody^ At this place Captain Rtad^ who was the fame Captain Swan had fo much raUed a- gainft in his Joumal, and was now made Captain in his room (as Captain Teat was made Maftery and 14r. Henr-j More Quarter-Mafter j ordered the Car- fienters to cut down our Quarter Deck to make the ^ip fnuff, and the fitter for failing. "When that was done we heeled her, fcrubbed her Bottom, and tai> lowed it. Then we fill'd all our Water, for here is a delicate fmall run of Water. . The Land was pretty low in this Bay, the Mould black and: fat, and the Trees of feveral Kinds, very thick and tali. In fome places we found plenty of Canes, fuch as we ufe in England for Walkine-Canes. Thefe were fhort-joint^d, ndc above two Foot and a half, or two Foot 10 Inches ihe longeft, and moft of therti n6t above two Foot. They run along on the Ground like a Vine; or taking hold of their Trees, they climb up to their very tops. They are 15 or 20 Fathom long, and much of a bignefs from the RoOty till within ilve or jix Fathom of the end. They ar/e of a pale'greeo Colour, cloached over with & Coat of mort thick hairy Subftance^ ' of a dun Colour ; but it comes off by only drawing the Cane through your Hand. We did cut many of them, and they proved very tough heavy Canes. We faw no Hqufes, nor lign of Inhabitants » but while we lay here, there was a Canoa with fix Men came into this Bay j^ but whither they were bound, or from whence they came, I know not. They were Indiam^ and we could not undetftand them. In the middle of this Bay, abcut a Mile from the Shore, there is a fmall low woody IHand, not above a Mile in Circurpference j our Ship rode a- t>0Mt a Mile from it. This Ifland was th/e Habitat .. .' ^ Wl y^kft mmbennf nmftrous Batts. jtt (ipn . of, an incredible number of great Bates, with ^*. i^iTJ Biodies as big as Ducks, or large Fowl, and with vaft Wings : For I faw at Mindanao one of this fort, and I judge that the Wings ftretch'd out in length, could not be ler$ aflunder than 7 or 8 Foot from tip to tip i for it was much more than any of us could fathom with our Arms extended to the utmoft. The Wings are for Subftance like thofe of other Batts, of a Dun or Moufe colour. The Sicin or Leather of them hath Ribs running along I it, and draws up in 3 or 4 Folds ) and at the joints of thofe Ribs and the extremities of the Wings^ diere ^,r> (harp and crooked Claws, by which they I may hang on any thing. In the Evening as foon as the Sun was fet, thefe Creatures would begin to take their flight from this Illand, in fwarms like Bees, dire£l;ing their flight over to the Main liland *, and whither afterwards I know not. Thus we fhould fee them rifing up from the Ifland till Night hindred our fight; and in the Morning as foon as it was light, we fhould fet them returning again like a Cloud, to the fmall Ifland, till Sun rifing. This Courfe they kept conftantly while we lay here, affording us every Morning and Evening an Hour's Diverfion in gazing at them, and talking about them; but our Curioflty did not prevail with us to go afliore to them, our felves and Ca-r noas being all the day-time taken up in bufinefs a- bout o,ur Ship. At this Ifle alfo we found plenty I of Turtle and Manatee, but no Filh. We fl:ay*d here till the loth of February, 1687. land then having compleated our Bufinefs, we failed Ihence with the Wind at North. But going out we lilruck on a Rock, where we lay two Hours : Ic was very fmooth Water, and the Tide of Floods or elfe we (hould there have loft our Ship. We ftruck off a great piece of our Rudder, which was all the damage that we received, but we more narrow- wJkjSJ' ^y "^'^ lofing our Ships this time, than in any othe^l in the whole Vopgt. This is k very dangerow Shoal, becaufe ic docs ndt break, unlefs proba- bly it may appear in foul Weather. Ii lies about two Miles to the weftward, withdut the fmall BattJ Ifland. Here wc found the Tid^ of Flood fetting CO the fouthward, and thet Ebb to the north. I ward. " ' ' After wc were part this Shoal,' we coafted along I by the reft of the Philippine l^Kvi^s^ keeping on iM Weft- fide of them. Some of them appeared to be very mountainous dry Land. We faw many Firci In the Night as we pafled by Panayy a great Ifland fettled by Spaniards^ and by the Fires up and dowl ic feems to be well fettled by them ; for this isi Spanijh Cuft6m, whereby they give Noticft of any Danger or the like /'om Sea i and *tis probable chey had feen our Ship the Day before. This is an unfrequented Coaft, and 'tis rare to have any Ship f^er there. We touched not at Pana% nor any where elfc } tho^ we faw a great many fmall Iflands CO the weft ward oi us, and fbme Shoals, but noof | cf them laid down in our Draughts. The 1 8 th Day of Feb, we anchored at the N. W,| end of the Ifland Mindora^ in 10 Fathom-water, a- bout three quarters of a Mile from the Shore. MhA dora^ is a large Ifland ; the middle of it lying in Lat. 13. about 40 Leagues long, ftretching N. W. and S. £. It is high and mountainous, and not very I woody. At this Place where we anchored the Land was neither very high nor low. There was a fmall Brook of Water, and the Land by the Sea v/as very woody, and the Trees high and tall, buti A League or two farther in, the Woods are very thini and fmall. Here we faw great Tracks of Hog and! Beef, and we faw fome of each, and hunted thenu| but the7 were wild^ and we could kill none. While oaft'ed along ?pingon (he peared to be many Firei t great Ifland ip and do^ foi' this ist foticA of any *tis probable . This is an lave any Ship \a% nor any I fmall ICands lis, butnoni at the N.W.I )m-watcr, a- Shore. Mh- lying in Lat. N. W. and mdnot very inchored the There was a 1 by the Sea and tall, but are very thin of Hog and untcd themi lone. While , While we were here, there was a Can6a with four '^»- tt9% Indians came from Manila. T^hey were very fhy of M.ajwhtle : But at laft,. hearing us fpeak Spanijh^ they came to us, and told us, that they were go->^ ing to a Fryar, that liv'd at an Indian Village to« wards the S. £. end of the Ifland. They told ui alfo, that the Harbour of Manila is ieldom or ne* ver without 20 or 30 Sail of Veffels, moft Zbinefe^ fome Portuguezff and fome few the Spaniards have of their own« They faid, that when they had dono their bulinefs with the Fryar they would return to Manila^ and hope to be back again at this place in four I^ys time We told them that we came for a Trade with the Spaniards at Manila, and (hould bd glad if they would carry a Letter to fome Merchant diere, which they promifed to do. But this was only a pretence of ours, to get out of them what iiuelligence we could as to their Shipping, Strength, Vid the like, under Colour of feekmg a Trade ; for bur bufinefs was to pillage; Now if we had really defigned to have traded there, this was as fair an op« Ipottunity as Men could have defi red : Fov thefc Men ould have brought us to the Fryar that they were Igoing to, and a Irnall Prefcnt to him would have Qgaged him to do any kindnefs for us in the way f Trade : For the Spanifij Governours do not allow of it, and we mufl trade by Health. The 21ft Day we went from hence with the ind at E.N. E. a fmall gale. The 23d Day in he Morning we were fair by the S. E. end of the and Luconia^ the place that had been fo long de- ed by us. We prefcntly faw a Sail coming from he northward, and making after her we took her two Hours time. She was a Spaniflj Bark, that came om a place called Pangafanain, a fmall Town on he N. end of Luconia, as they told us ; probably he fame with Ponga£iny, which lies on a Bay at the ". W. fide of the Ifland, She was bound to Manila^ but Sl4 Of the Actpttlco Ship, imd Ifle i/Luconla: ^^itf87> but had no Goodi aboard \ and therefor! we turned I >^^Y^^ her away. - The 23d we took another Spanijh VefTel that came from the fame place as the other. She was laden with Rice and Cotton-Cloth, and bound for Manila alfo. Thefe Goods were purpofcly for the jicapuh Ship : The Rice was for the Men to live on while they lay there, and in their return : and the Cotton- cloth was to make Sail. The Mafter of this Prize was Boatfwain of the Acapuko Ship which efcaped us at Guam^ and was now at Manila. It was thii Man that gave us the Relation of what Strength it had, how they were afraid of us there, and of the accident that happen'd to them, as is before mentioned in the loth Chapter. We took thefe two Veflels within ieven or eight Leagues of Manila, Luconial have fpoken of already: butlfhall now add this further account of it. It is a great Ifland, [ taking up between 6 and 7 degrees of Lat.in length, and its breadth near the middle is about 60 Leagues,! but the ends are narrow. The North-end lies in a- boiit 19 d. North Lat. and the S. end is about 12 d. 30 m. This great Ifland hit !. abundance of fmalil Keys or Iflands lying about iti efpecially at the North-end. The South- fide fronts towards the rcftl of the Philippine Idarnds: Of thefe that are its neareftl Neighbours, Mindora lately mencion'd, is the chief,! and gives Name to the Sea or Streight that parts itl and the other Iflands from Luconia : being callcd| f he Streights of Mindora. ^ The Body of the Ifland Luconia is compofed ofj many fpacious plain Savannahs, and large Moun«| tains. The North-end feems to be more plain and! even, I mean freer from Hills, than the South-end J but the Land is all along of a good heighth. It doej[ not appear fo flourifliing and green as fome of the other Iflands in this Range*, efpecially that ofj St. Jobnt Mindanao^ Balt-mandi ^(* yet in feme place^ ,i Ttttptet afJCf^Affj .1 JttutnU mar ■■ rttiu tJiu 4t p ^ a ^ ^mnii^i, tit S Z . _,^^fe^[lBfltHHnifefi!tflE^3Biiitei4^^^^9i ^^M tft4 Jilandj Ah Can Jar Uffp*itr dt 3X . Mitunts h*Mrina The time df the Year being now too far fpent An, i6Sp to do any thing here, it was concluded to fail from hence to Pulo Condore, a little Parcel of Iflands, on the Coaft of Cambodia, and carry this Prize with us, and there careen if we could find any conve- nient Place for it, defigning to return hither again by the latter End of May, and wait for the Jca- pulco Ship that comes about that time. By our I)rafts ( Mtrhich we were guided by, being Strangers tc thcfe Parts ) this feemed to us then to be a Place out of the v/ay, where we might lie fnug for a while, and wait the time of returning for our Prey. For we avoided as much as we could the going to lie by at any great Place of Com- merce, left we fhould become too much expofed, and perhaps be affaultedby a Force greater than our I own. So having fes our Prifoners afliore, we failed from \Luconia the 26th Day of February, with the Wind E. N. E. and fair "Weather, and a brii k Gale. We were in Lat. 14 d. N. when webega'4 to fteer away for Pulo Condore, and we fteer'd S. by W. In our way thither we went pretty near the Shoals of Pracel^ and other Shoals which are very dangerous. We were very much afraid of them, but efcaped them [without fo much as feeing them, only at the very ISouth-end of the Pracel Shoals we faw three little Tandy Iflands or Spots of Sand Handing juH above "Tater within a Mile of us. It was the 1 3th Day of March before we came in fight of Pulo Condore, or the Ifland Condore^ as Pulo pgnifies. The 14th Day about Noon we anchored mthe North- fide of the Ifland, againfta fandy Bay fwo Mile from the Shore, in ten Fathom clean hard )and, with both Ship and Prize. Pulo Condore is [he Principal of a Heap of Iflands, and the only in- labited one of them. They lie in Lat. 8 d. 40 m. Torch, and about twenty Leagues South and by C c 2 Eaft 390 Ip of Condorc. The Tar-Tree* 'An. 1687. Eaft from the Mouth of the River of Cambodia, ^i^VVI Thefe Iflands lie fo near together, that at adiftancc they appear to be but one Ifland. Two of thefe Iflands are pretty large, and of a good heighth, they may be feen fourteen or fifteen Leagues at Sea ; the reft are but little Spots. The tjiggeft of the two ( which is the inhabited one ) is a- bout four or five Leagues long, and lies Eaft and , Weft. It is not above three Mile broad at the broadcft I Place, in moft places not above a Mile wide. The other large Ifland is about three Mile long, and half a Mile wide. This Ifland ftretcheth N. andS. It is fo conveniently placed at the Weft-end of the big. geft Ifland, that between both there is formed a very commodious Harbour. The Entrance of this Har- bour is on the North-fide, where the two Iflands are near a Mile afunder. There are three or four fmall Keys, and a good deep Channel between them I and the biggeft Ifland. Towards the South-end ofj the Harbour the two Iflands do in a manner clofel up, leaving only a fmall Paflage for Boats and Ca- noas. There are no more Iflands on the Noth-fid.\| but five or fix on the South-fide of the great Ifland.] See the Table. The Mold of thefe Iflands for the biggeft Partijl blackilh, and pretty deep, only the Hills are fome-[ what ftony. The Eaftern Part of the biggeft Iflandj is fandy, yet all cloathed with Trees of divers forf«' The Trees do not grow {< thick as I have feen thentl in fome Places, but they are generally large and tall,| and fit for any ufe. There i« one fort of Tree much larger than anyl other on this Ifland, and which I have not feeri anyl where elfe. It is about three or four Foot Diamettrl in the Body, from whence is drawn a fgrtof clammyl Juice, which being boiled a little becomes perl * fe(5l Tur ; and it you boil it much it will becomeT iiAtd as Pitch. It may be piic to cither ufe » ^'^ ufcd Mangoes, Kchiii of fever al forts. 391 ufed It both ways, and found it to be very ferviceable. <^»- »<587. The way that they get this Juice, is by cutting a L^VNJ great Gap horizontally in the Body of the Tree half through, and about a Foot from the Ground *, and then tutting the Upper-part of the Body aflope inwardly downward, till in the middle of the Tree it meets with the Traverfe cutting or plain. In this plain horizontal femicircular Stump, they make a hollow like a Bafon, that may contain a Quart or two. Into this Hole the Juice which drains from the wounded Upper-part of the Tree falls i from whence you muft empty It every Day. It will run thus for fome Months, and then dry aw^y, and the Tree will recover again. The Fruit-trees that Nature hath bellowed on thefe Ides are Mangoes ; and Trees bearing a fore of Grape, and other Trees bearing a kind of wild or baftard Nutmegs. Thefe all grow wild in the Woods, and in very great plenty. The Mangoes here grow on Trees as big as Ap- ple-trees : Thofe at Fort Si, George are not fo large. The Fruit of thefe is as big as a fmall Peach ; bun long and fmaller towards the Top : It is of a yellow- ilh Colour when ripe j it is very juicy, and of a pleafant Smell, p.nd delicate Tafte. When the Mango is young they cut them in two pieces, and pickle them with Salt and Vinegar, in which they put fome Cloves of Garlick. This is an excellent Sauce, and much efteemed ; it is called Mango- Jchar. Achar I prefume fignifies Sauce. They make in the Eaft-In- \m^ efpecially at Siatn and Pegu^ feveral forts of Achar^ as of the young Tops of Bamboes, ^c. \^zm\io-Achar and MdiU^o- Achar are moft ufed. The Mangoes were ripe when we were there, (as were alfo the reft of thefe Fruits) and rhey have then {ck delicate a Fragrancy, that we could fmell them out in the thick Woods if we had but the Wind of I them, while wc were a good way from them, and C ^ ^ could 3 9 i' Wild Grape- tree. Wild Nutmeg. An. i68« could not fee them ; and we generally found them '-'''VNJ out this way. Mangoes are common in many Places of the Eaji-Indies *, but I did never know any grow wild only at this Place. Thefe, though not ib big as thofe I have feen at Acbin ana at Maderas or Fori St. George, are yet every whit as pleafant as the bed fort of their Garden Mangoes. The Grape-tree grows with a ftrait Body, of a Diameter about a Foot or more, and hath but few Limbs or Boughs. The Fruit grows in Clufters, all about the Body of the Tree, like the Jack, Du* rian, and Cacao Fruits. There are of them both red and white. They are much like fuch Grapes as grow on our Vines, both in Ihape and colour ', and they are of a very pleafant winy tafte. I never faw thefe but on the two biggeft of thefe Iflands j the reft had no Tar-trees, Mangoes, Grape-trees, nor wild Nutmegs. The wild Nutmeg- tree is as big as a Walnut* tree ; but it does not ffjread fo much, The Boughs are grofs, and the Fruit grows among the Boughs as the Walnut, and other Fruits. This Nutmeg is much fmaller than the true Nutmeg, and longer alfo. It is inclofed with a thin Shell, and a fort of Mace, encircling the Nut within the Shell This l^aftard Nutmeg is fo much like the true Nutmeg in (hape, that at our firft Arrival here we thought it to be the true one j but it hath' no manner of fmeli nor tafte. The Animals of thefe Iflands are fome Hogs, LU zards and Guanoes •, and fome of thofe Creatures mentioned in Chap. XI, which are like, but much bigger than the Guanoes. Here are many forts of Birds, as Parrots, Para- kites, Doves and Pigeons. Here are alfo a fort of wild Cocks and Hens : They are much like our tame Fowl of that kind ; but a great deal lefs, for they are about the bignefs of a Crow. The Cocks do crow Of the Turtle moving from Sea to Si^a, 39} crow like ours, but much more fmall and fhrill ; An, 1687; and by their crowing we do firfl" find them out in ^"^'VN* the Woods where we fhoot them. Their flefh i^ very white and fweet. There are a great many Limpits and Mufcles, and plenty of green Turtle. And upon this mention of Turtle again, I think it not amifs to add fomc Reafons to ftrengthen the Opinftn that I have given concerning thefe Crea- tures removing from Place to Place. 1 have faid in Chap. V, that they leave their common feeding* places, and go to places a great way from thence to lay, as particularly to the Ifland Afcention. Now I have difcourfed with fome fince that Subjedl was printed, who are of Opinion, that when the lay< ing-time is over, they never go from thence, but lie fomewhere in the Sea about the Ifland, which 1 1 think is very improbable : for there can be ncf Food for them there, as I could foon make appear ; as particularly from hence, that the Sea about the llfleof Afcention is fo deep as to admit of no ancho- I ring but at one place, where there is no fign of Grafs : I and we never bring up with our founding Lead any Grafs or Weeds out of very deep Seas, but Sand, or the like, only. But if this be granted, that there is Food for them, yet I have a great deal of reafon to believe that the Turtle go from hence; for after the laying-time you Ihall never fee them, and where- ever Turtle are, you will fee them rife, and hold their Head above Water to breath, once in feven or eight Minutes, or at longeft in ten or twelve. [And if any Man does but confider how Fifli take Itheir certain Seafons of the Year to go from one Sea to another, this would not feem ftrange ; even Fowls alfo having their Seafons to remove from one Iplgce to another. Thefe Iflands are pretty well watered with Ifinall Brooks of frefli Water, that run flufli into C c 4 thQ 394 T^^ convenient Site of Pulo Condore. 'j#». 1687. the Sea for ten Months in the Year. The latccr-cnd "'^V'^ of March they begin to dry away, and in ^pril you Ihall have none in the BrooKs, but what is lodged in deep Holes ♦, but you may dig Wells in fome places. In May^ when the rfain comes, the Land is again replenifhed with Water, and the Brooks run out into the Sea. Thefe Iflands lie very commodioufly in the way to and from Japan, China, Manila, I'unquift, C in diftrefs ry convcni" dations, be| id Tar. It ulher in a I itry of Co- cure a Fac- ich is capa- :e therefore! e, and with- 1 Draft of it, by Nation them fpokc rnt a fmat- ^k it pretty is the com- ( though it Langu^e) the Lingu$ eve it is the Jinvct', And Bormo $ The Inhabitants, Trofthuting of JVomenl 395 horrieo % but at CeleheSy the P hilippine A([B.nds, and ^'^'J^V the Spicc-Iflands, it fccms borrowed for the carrying on of Trade. The Inhabitants of Pulo Condore arc but a fmall people in Stature, well enough fliaped, and of a darker Colour than the Mindanayam. They arc pretty longVifaged 5 their Hair is black and ftreight, their Eyes are but fmall and black, their Nofes of a mean bignefs, and pretty high, their Lips thin, their Teeth white, and little Mouths. They are very civil People, but extraordinary poor. Their chiefeft Employment is to draw the Juice of thofc Trees that 1 have defcribed to make Tar. They preferve it in wooden Troughs •, and when they nave their Cargo, they tranfport it to Cocbinchina^ their Mother-Country. Some others of them cm- ploy themfelves to catch Turtle, and boil up their Fat to Oil, which they alfo tranfport home. Thefe j People have great large Nets, with wide Mafhes to catch the Turtle. The JamaicaTuvtXcvs have fuch ; and I did never fee the like Nets but at Jamaica and Ihere. They arc fo free of their Women, that they |wou|4 brine them aboard and offer sm to us ; and many o? our Men hired them foi . fmall Mat- ter. This is a Cuftom ufed by feveral Nations in the Eaji- Indies J as at Pegu^ Siam, Cochinchina^ and \Camhodia, as I have been told. It i; ufed at Tunqutn alfo to myKnowledge i for I did afierwards make a Voyage thither, and moft of our Men had Women [aboard all the time of our abode there. In Africa lalfo, on the Coaft of Guinea, our Merchants, Fac« Ifors, and Seamen that refide there, have their black liifes. It is accounted a piece of Policy to do it i for the chief Factors and Captains of Ships have the 5,rcat Men's Daughters offered them, the Mandarins Noblemens at Tunquifjy and even the King's mes in Guinea •, and by this fort of Alliance the Country •v. * *\* ■■ ., f 9^ An Idol Temfh. Chinefe IMs. 'Am, 1687. Country People arc engaged to a ffreatcr Friend- '-^'VNJ ihip : And if there (hould arife any difference about Trade, or any thing elfe, which might provoke the Natives to feek fome treacherous Revenge, (to which all thefc Heathen Nations arc very prone) then thefe Dalilahs would certainly declare it to their white Friends, and fo hinder their Country. men*s Defign. Thefe People arc Idolaters : But their manner of Worfhip I know not. There are a few fcattering Houfes and Plantations on the great Iliand, and a , fmall Village on the South-fide of it •, where there is a little Idol Temple, and an Image of an Ele* phant about five Foot high, and in bignefs propor* tionable, placed on one fide of the Temple j and a Horfe not fo big, placed on the other fide of it ; both (landing with their Heads towards the South. The Temple it felf was low and ordinary, built of Wood, and thatched like one of their Houfes } which are but very meanly. The Images of the Horfe and the Elephant were ' the moft general Idols that I obferved in the Tern- pies of Tunquin, when I travelled there. There were other Images alfo, of Beafts, Birds and Fifh. I do not remember I faw any Humane Shape there j nor any fuch monftrous Reprefentations as I have feen among the Chinefe. Wherc-ever the Chinefe Ssi' men or Merchants come (and they are very nume- rous all over thefc Seas^ they have always hideous Idols on board their Jonks or Ships, with Altars, and Lamps burning before them. Thefe Idols they bring aftiore with them : And befide thofe they have in common, every Man hath one in his own Houfe. Upon fome particular folemn Days I have feen their Bonzies^ or Priefts, bring whole Armfuls of painted Papers, and burn them with a great deal of Ceremony, being very careful to let no Piece efcape them. The lame Day they killed a Goat which ATroceffion of the Idolaters at Madcras. 597 vhich had been purpofely fatting a Month before \ ^^ «^*7« this they offer or prefent before their Idol, and then ^^'VSJ drefs it and feaft themfelves with it. I have (ecn them do this in Tunquin, where I have at the fame time been invited to their Fea{!s •, and at Bancouli^ in the Ifle of Sumatra^ they fent a Shoulder of the I I'acrificed Goat to the Englijh^ who cat of it, and aflc- cdjne to do fo too ; but T rcfufed. When I was at Maderas^ or Fort St. GeQrge^ I took notice of a great Ceremony ufed for fevcral Nights jfucceflively by the Idolaters inhabiting the Suburbs: Both Men and Women Cthefe very well clad) in a great Multitude went in folemn ProcefTion with lighted Torches, carrying their Idols about with them. I knew not the meaning of it. I obferved feme went purpofely carrying Oil to fprinkle into the Lamps, to make them burn the brighter. They began their Round about 1 1 a Clock at Night, and [having paced it gravely about the Streets till two or Ithrec a Clock in the Morning, their Idols werecar- Iricd with much Ceremony into the Temple by the IChief of the Proceflion, and fome of the Women I Ifaw enter the Temple, particularly. Their Idols [were different from thofe of Tunquin, Ca?nbodia, &c. fing in Humane Shape. I have faid already that we arrived at thefe Iflands jthc 14th Day of Manh, 1687. The next Day we Fearched about for a Place to careen in i and the 1 6th Day we entered the Harbour, and imnediate- |y provided to careen. Some Men were fet to fell jreat Trees to faw into Planks i others went to un- ' fegj"g the Ship ; fome made a Houfe to put our loods in, and for the Sail-maker to work in. The 'ountry People reforted to us, and brought us of [he Fruits of the Ifland, with Hogs, and Ibmetimes Turtle ; for which they received Rice in exchange, vhich we had a Ship-load of, taken at Manila. We Jught of them alfo a good Quantity of their pitchy Liquor, 398 Two Men pot fined at Mindanao, die here'', Jf». 1687. Liquor, which v/c boiled, and ufcd about our Ship's *^ Bottom. Wc mixed it firll with LimCj which wc made here , and it made an excellent Coat, and ftuck on very well. We (laid in this Harbour from the i6th Day of Marcbf till the i6th of yipril -, in which time wc made anew Suit of Sails of the Cloth that was taken in the Prize. We cut a fpare Main-top-maft, and fawed Plank to (heath the Ship's Bottom i for fhel was not (heathed all over at Mindanao, and that old Plank that was left on then we now ript oil, 3nd clapt on new. While we lay here two of our Men died, who were I poifoned at Mindanao^ they told us of it when they found themfelves poifoned, and had lingered ever fince. They were open'd by our Dodtor, according to their own Requeft before they died, and their Livers were black, light and dry, like Pieces of{ Cork. OurBufinefs being finiflied here, we left the Spa- tiijb Prize taken at Manila^ and moft of the Rice,! taking out enough for ourfelves ; and on the 17th Day we went from hence to the Place where wc firft| anchored, on the North-Ade of the great Ifland, pup pofcly to water 1 for there was a great Stream whcnl we fird came to the IHand, and we thought it was fo now. But we found it dried up, only it flood in Holes, two or three Hogfhcads or a Tun in a Hole :l Therefore we did immediately cut Bamboes, andl made Spouts, through which we conveyed the Wa*! tor down to the Sea-fide ; by taking it up in Bowls,! and pouring it into thefe Spouts or Troughs, Wcl conveyed fome of it thus near half a Mile. Whilcl we were filling our Water, Capt. Read engaged ani old Man, one of the Inhabitants of this Ifland, thel fame who I faid could fpeak the Malayan Language, to be his Pilot to the Bay of Siam ; for he had oH ten been telling us, that he was well acquainted there,! andl Pulo Ubi. 399 :ft the Sfi- f the Rice, >n the 17th ere we firft Ifland, pur- cream when ight it was it ftood in in a Hole: nboes, and ed the "Wa- p in Bowls, lughs. Wcl lie. While' engaged an Idand, the Languap;e, he had of- inted there,! and and that he knew fome Iflands there, wherr there ^'•- "^'T- were Fifhermen lived, who he thought could fup- V^YN* ply us with Salt-fifh to eat at Sea *, For we had no- thing but Rice to eat. The eafterly Monfoon wai not yet done *, therefore it was concluded to fpend fome time there, and then take the advantage of the beginning of the weftern Monfoon, to return to Manila again. The 21ft "Dvfoi April 1687, we failed from Pulo Condore, diredine our Courfe W. by S. for the Bay of Siam, We had fair Weather, and a fine moderate Gale of Wind at E. N .E. The 23d Day we arrived at Pulo Ubi, or the Ifland Ubi. This Ifland is about 40 Leagues to the weftward o(Pulo Condon j it lies juft at the entrance of the Bay ofSiam, at the S.W. point of Land that makes the Bay } namely, the Point of Cambodia. This Ifland is about feven or eight Leagues round, and it is higher Land than any of Pulo Condore Ifles. Againft the South-Eaft-part of it there is a fmall Key, about a Cables length from the main Ifland. This Puh Vbi is Very woody, and it has good Water on the North-fide, where you may anchor 5 but the befb anchoring is on ihe Eafl-fide againft a fmall Bay ; then you will have the little Ifland to the fouthward of you. At Pulo Ubi we found two fmall Barks laden with Rice. They belonged to Cambodia^ from whence they came not aboye two or three Days before, and they touched here to fill Water. Rice is the ge- neral Food of all thefe Countries, therefore it is tranfported by Sea from one Country to another, as Corn in thefe parts of the World. For in fome Coun- tries they produce more than enough for themfclves, and fend what they can fpare to thofe Places where there is but little. The 24th Day we went into the Bay of Sia?n : |This isa large deep Bay, of which and of this King- '" - dom 4^ The SeameH of Champa, '^n. 1687 dom I (hall at prefent fpeak but little, becaufe I de- ^''^V^^frgn a more particular account of all this Coaft, to ^ "Wit, cf 'Tunquin^ Cochmbim, Siam, Champa^ Cam- bodia^ and Malacca, making all the nioft eafterly pare of the Continent oi Afta^ lying South of China: But to do it in the Courfe of this Voyage, would too much fwell this Volume -, and I (hall chufe therefore to give a feparate Relation of what I know or have !earnt of them, together with the neighbouring Parts of Sumatra, Java, &c. where I have i^ent fome time. We ran down into the Bay ofSiam, till we came to the Iflands that our Pub Condbre Pilot told us of, which lie about the middle of the Bay : But as good a Pilot as ht was, he run us a-ground ; yet we had iiO damag**. Capt. Read went alhore at thefc Iflands, ^here he found a fmallTown of Fifhermen i but they had noFilk to fell, and fo we returned empty. We had yet fair Weather, and very little Wind ; fothat being often becalmed, we were till the 13th j Day of May before we got to Pulo Vbi again. There we found two fmall Veflels at an Anchor on the Eaft-fide : They were laden with Rice and Laquer, which is ufed in Japanning of Cabineis. One of thefe came from Champa, bound to the Town of Malacca, which belongs to the Dutch, who took it from the Portugueze ; and this fhews that they have a Trade with Champa. This was a very pretty neat Veflel, her bottom very clean and curioufly coated, fhe had about forty Men all armed with Cortans, or broad Swords, Lances, and fome Guns, that went with a Swivel upon their Gunnal. They were of the Idolaters, Natives of Champa, and [fome of the brilkclt, moft fociable, without Fearfulnefs or Shynefs, and the moft neat and dextrous about their Shipping, of any fuch I have met with in all my Travels, The other VelTel came from the River of Cambodia, and was bound towards the Streights ot Malacca. Both of them ftopt here, for the wefter- A Jonkjtom Falimbam or Sumatra^ ^ti ly-winds now began to blow, which were againft An. t^ty. them, being fomewhat bleated. L/"VNJ We anchored alfo on the Eaft-fide, intending to fill Water. While we lay here we had very violent Wind at S.W. and a ftrong Current fetting right to windward. The fiercer the Wind fblew, the more ftrong the Current fe*: againft it. This Storm lafted till the 20th Day, and then it began to abate. The 21 ft Day of May we went back from henCle I towards Pulo Condore, In our way we overtook * great Jonk that came from Paiimbam, a Town oh I the Ifland Sumatra : She was full laden with Pep- I per which they bought there, and was bound to \Siam : But it blowing fo hard, flie was afraid to ven- ture into that Bay, and therefore came to Pulo Con- \kre with us, where we both anchored May the 24th. ThisVeffel was of the Chinefe make, full of little Rooms or Partitions, like our Well-boats. Ilhallde- fcribe them in the next Chapter. The Men of thia Monk told us, that the Englijh were fettled on the Ifland Sumatra^ at a Place called Sillabar ; and the firft Knowledge we had that the Englijh had any Set- I dement on Sumatra was from thefe. When we came to an Anchor, we faw a fmall iBark at an Anchor near the Shore ; therefore Capt. \Read fent a Canoa aboard her, to know from jwhence they came ; and fuppofing that it was a IMalayan Veflel, he ordered the Men not to go a- jboard, for they are accounted defperate Fellows, and their Veflels are commonly full of Men, who ^1 wear CrefiTets, or little Daggers by their fides. he Canoas Crew not minding the Captain's Orders itnt aboard, all but one Man that flayed in the Ca- loa. The Malayans, who were about 20 of them, feeing our Men all armed, thought that they came p take their Veflel ; therefore at once, on a Signal given, they drew out their Creflets, and ftabbed be or fix of our Men before they knew what the matter 402 A bloody Fray with a Malayan Vejfel. 4m. 1687. matter was. The reft of our Men leapt over-board, I VOT**^ fome into the Canao, and fome into the Sea, and / fo got away. Among the reft, one Daniel iVall'n\ leapt into the Sea, who could never fwira before noi' fmce i yet now he (warn very well a good while before he was taken up. When the Canoas came aboard, Capt. Read mann'd two Canoas, and went to be revenged on the Malayans \ but they feeing him coming, did cut a Hole in the VeflePs bottom, and went alhore in their Boat. Capt. Read followed] them, but they ran into the Woods and hid them- felves. Here we ftaid ten or eleven DayS) foritl blew very hard all the time. While we ftaid hcre| Herman Coppinger our Surgeon went alhore, intend-i ing to live here *, but Capt. Read fent fome Men tol letch him again. I had the fame Thoughts, andl would have gone afhore too, but waited for a morel convenient Place. For neither he nor I, when wel were laft on board at Mind mao, had any Know-[ ledge of the Plot that was laid to leave Capt. Swan\ and run away with the Ship *, and being fufficiendjl weary of this mad Crew, we were willing to givcl them the flip at any Place from whence we mightl hope to get a PaiFage to an Englijh Faftory. Thercl was nothing el/b of Moment happened while \ve| ftaid here. CHAP 'effel. vrer-boardJ I Sea, and nUl lVall\i\ nm before! yood ,noas camel and went :hey feeing l*s bottom, ad followed 1 hid them- lays, for it e ftaid herel ore, intend*! me Men tol oughts, and! d for a moicl I, whenvfel any Know-' Capt. 5mJ , fufficiemljl ling to givc| 403 C H A P. XV. 7 hey ledije Pulo Condorc, defigningfor Mana- ^»' '^s;. la, but are driven off from thence ^ and from V/V^ the IJle of Prata, bf the Winds, and brought upon the Codft of China. Ifte of J^ John, on the Coaft of the Trovince of Canton ,• its Soil andTrodutiions, China Hogs, &c. The Inhabitants i and of the Tartars forcing the Chincfe to cut off their Hair. Their Habit s^ and the little Feet of their Women, China- warcy China- r^^/ J, Tea, &c. A Village at St, JohnV IJland, and of their Husbandry of their Rice. A Story oj a Chinefe Pagoda? or Id'jl-Temple, and Image. Of r^^JChina- Jonksi and their Rigging, They leave St» John's and the Coaft of China. A mofi out- rageous Storm. Corpus Sant, a Light, or meteor appearing in Storms. The Pifcadorcs, or FiiherV Ijlands near Formofa : A Tarta- rian Garrifon, and Chinefe Town on one of thefe Ijlands, They anchor in the Harbour riear the Tart us Garrifon, and treat with the Govermur. Of Amoy in the Province ^Fo- kien, and Macao, a Chinefe and Pbrtuguele Towny near Canton in China. The Habits i>f a Tartarian Officer and his Retinue. 7 heir Trefents, excellent Beef. Samciu, a fort of Chincfe Arack, and Hocciu a kind of ChX- ncCcMum, and the Jars it is bottled in. Of fhe IJle of Formofa, and the five Ijlands $ to P d which 404 Their Departure from Pulo dondorcil ^». 1687. which they gave the Names of Orange, Man.' mouth, Grafton, BaHice, and Qo^aAjlandSy ingeneraly the^z^tt-IJlands, A Digreffion concerning the different depths of the Sea near hiih or low Lands^ Soil, &c. as before. The Soilt Fruits and Animals ofthefiljlands. The Inhabitants and their Cloathing, Rings of a yellow Metal like Gold. Their Houfes built on remarkable Precipices, Their Boats and Employments. Their Foody of Goats-Skins^ Entrails y^c. Tarcht Locufts. Bafnec, or Sugar-cane Drink. Of their Language and Originaly Launces and BufFaloe Coats, No Idotsy nor civil Form oj Government. A young Man buried alive by them -, fuppofed to be for Theft. Their fVives and Children, and Husbandry, Their Manner s^ Entertainments^ and Traffick. Of the Ships firft Entercourfe with thefeTeople, and Bartering with them. Their Courfe among the IJlands 3 their Jiay there, andprovifion to depart. They are driven off by a violent Storm, and return. The Na- tives Kindnefs to Jtx of them left behind The Crew dijcouraged by thofe Storms^ quit their dejign of Crti/ing off Manila for theh- capulco Ship s and 'tis refolved to fetch a Compafs to Cape Comorin, andfo for tht Red-Sea. HAving filled our Water, cut our Wood, and got our Ship in a failing Pofture, while thc| ering hard Winds laded, we took the firft Op- portunity of a fettled Gale to fail towards Manila.^ Accordingly Ju^e the 4th, 1687, we loofed from Pultl on to I them; of our ftill con and chei and the the Lat. from us It is- clear ro between and aT fiefe do Spaniard their Jc there, as we w |weconv< that in drowned Sheats of Vnccl Ifles and Rocks of V\m, 4*»_^i6l7. Englifhrnen more, and having occafion to (lay fome time, we killed a Shote, or young Porker, and roafted it for our Dinners. While we were bufy drelTingof our Pork, one of the Natives came and fat down by us; and when the Dinner was ready^ we cut a good Piece and gave it him, which he willingly received. But by Signs he begged more, and withal pointed into the Woods j yet we did not underftand his meaning, nor much mind him^ I till our Hunger was pretty wellalfwaged \ although I he did dill make figns, and walking a little way from us, he beckoned to us to come to him 1 which at laft I did, and two or three more. He going be- fore, led the way in a fmall blind Path, through -a Thicket, into a fmall Grove of Trees, in which there was art old Idol Temple about ten Footfquare: The Walls of it were about fix Foot high, and tw6 Foot thick, made of Bricks. The Floor was paved with broad Pricks, and in the middle of the Floor ftood an oi'' rufty Iron Bell on its Brims. This Bell was about iwo Foot high, (landing flat on the Ground ; the Brims on which it ftood were about fixtecn Inches Diameter. From the Brims it did taper away a little towards the Head, much like our Bells; but that the Brims did not turn out fo much as ours do. On the Head of the Bell there were three Iron Bars as big as a Man's Arm, and about ten Inches long from the Top of the Bell, where the lEnds joined as in a Center, and feemed of one Ma(s Iwith the Bell, as if caft together. Thefe Bars ftood all parallel to the Ground, and their farther Ends, [which ftood triangularly and opening from each [other at equal Diltances, like the Fliers of our IKitchen- Jacks, were made exaeaves, and raifed about three Foot high, ^r m teamen to creep into. She had a pretty large Cab>l bin, wherein there vas an Altar and a t.amp bum*l ing. I did but jufc look in, and faw not the Idoil ;TneHold was divided into many fmall Partitions,ali| of them made fo tight, (hat if a Leak ihould fpringl up in any one of them,. it could go no farther,! jfuid fo could do but little damage, but only to thel Goods in the Bottom of that Room where the LeaU ifprings up. Each of thefe Rooms belong to one or| two Merchants, or more ; and every Man freight his Goods in his own Room » and probably lodge ■^here, if he be on Board himfelf. Thefe Jonkshavi| only tv/o Mafts, a Main-n^aft and a Forernr^t. Tt . jro ii:.l'or(r| . GreMt M^s. They ieave China. 4ti Fore-tnaft has a fquare Yard and a fquare Sail, but •<<»^i68t* (be Main-mail has a Sail narrow alofc, like a Sloops- liil, tnd in fair Weather thcj^ ufc a Top- fail, which is to hale down on the Deck in foul Weather, Yard and all i for they do not go ud to furl it. Thq Main-maft in their biggeft Jonks feem to me a« big as any Third-Rate Man of Wars Maft in Eng^ W, and yet not pieced as ours, but made of onq grown Tree \ and in all my Travels I never faw any tingle Tree-mafts fo big in the Body, and f I them: but of no ufc now, whatever they have .-^ift;^; Ibcert. Between the two caftcrmoft Iflands there is a very Igood Harbour, which is never without Jonks riding Imit: and on the Weft-fide of the eaftermoft Ifland I there is a large Town and Fort commanding the Har- bour. The Houfes are but low, yet well built, and [the Town makes a fine Profpeft. This is a Ga. rifon of the tartars^ wherein are alfo three or four Hun- dred Soldiers i who live here three Years, and then Ithcy are mov'd to fome other Place. On the Ifland, on the Weft-fide of the Harbour, Idofe by the Sea, there is a fmall Town of Cbinefei [and moft of the other Iflands have fome Chinefe fi. ring on them more or lefs. Having, as Ifaid before, concluded to go to thefe ^flands, wc fteered away for them, having the Wind \i W. S. W. a fmall Gale. The 20th Day of Ja/y rahad firft fight of them, and fteered in among thems Ending no place to anchor in till we came into the "larbour before-mentioned. We blundering in, Abwing little of our way, and we admired to fee fo nany Jonks gping and coming, and fome at an An- bhor, and fo great a Town as the neighbouring £aft- rmoft Town, the Tartarian Garrifon ; for we did not wpeft, nor defire to have feen any People, being in L,arc to lie conceal'd in thefe Seas •, however feeing ve were here, we boldly run into the Harbour, and prefently lent afliore our Canoa to the Town. Our People were met by an Ofiiccr at their iding; and our Quarter-mafter, who was the khicfeft Man in the Boat, was conduced before lie Governour, and examined of what Nation wc and what was our Bufinefs here. He wre. an- ifcr*d, That we were Englijh^ and were bound to imo'j or Anha'i^ which is a City ftanding on a navi- iable River in the Province of Fokein in China^ and a place of vaft Trade, there being a huge Mul- titude 418 Cities of Atttoy and Macfi in China; | Sam Am. 1687* dtude of Ships there, and in general on all thefel black ar i/V>J Coafts, as I have heard of feveral that have been! round hij there. He faid alfo , that having received fomei were bla Damage by a Storm, we therefore put in here tol which rer refit, before we could adventure to go farther ;l of the fa and that we did intend to lie here till after the| Garments iFull-Moon, for fear of another Storm. The Go. vcrnour told him, that we m'^ht t)etter refit our Ship at Amo^ than here, and that he heard that two EngUJh Veflels were arrived there already ; and that he ihould be very ready to affift us in any; thing 5 but we muft not expeA to trade thcre,B widiout ] but muft go to the Places allowed to entertainB Ears. TJ Merchant-Strangers, which were Amoy and MacdoM Button on Macao is a Town of great Trade alfo, lying in anl and the ' Jfland at the very Mouth of the River of Ca«/wiB Head as 1 were cov< his Atten black Sm Gaps. T made of Hair like light red k The Ofl the Gover kindlicft B Country . Hogs, four flat Cakes of Arack, It is fortified and gafrifoned by a large Portugutji^ Colony, but yet under the Cbinefe Government, whofe People inhabit one Moiety of the Town, an( lay on the Portuguefe what Tax they pleafe; foi they dare not difoblige the Cbinefe, for fear of lofin| their Trade. However, the G'>verncur vc.) kindly told our Quarter-mafter, that whatfecvi we wanted, if that Place cou'i furnifh us, fliould have it. Yet that we muft not come aflioi on that Ifland, but he would fend aboard fome 'MUc Cbineje his Men, to know what wc wanted, and thejBthgy call it' Ihould alfo bring it off to us. That never the! cfsJ^^fQ^g -^^J might go on ftiore on other Iflands to buy RefreMjt jgoks Hit inuivi.or the Cbinefe. After the Difcourfe was cndByg^y pi^^^ cd, the Governour difmift him, with a fmall Jar oB mightily, ai Flour, and three or four large Cakes of very fiiJship goes c Bread, and about a Dozen Pine- Apples and ^VatcrBfoakinff th Melons ( all very good in their kind ) as a PrefenttBhome with the Captain. Ijars, that h. The next Day an eminent Officer came aboardlabout twoX witii a great many Attendants. He wore a blacllhence rife Silk Cap of a pj^rticular pake, with a Plume oipretty ihor I blacr 5.II11 Shuanii Hoc Shu, Chinefe Liquors. 41 9 black and white Feathers, (landing up almoft '^*- '^7r round his Head behind, and all his outfide Cloaths ""^"^^^ were black Silk : He had a ioofe biack Coat, which reached to his Knees, and his Breeches were of the fame *, and underneath his Coat he had two Garments more, of other coloured Silk. His Legs were covered with fmall black limber Boots. All his Attendants were in a very handlome Garb of black Silk, all wearing thofe fmall black Boots and Gaps. Thefe Caps were like the Crown of a Hat made of Palmeto-leaves, like our Straw-hats ; but without Brims, and coming down but to their Ears. Thefe had no Feathers, but had an oblong Button on the top, and from between the Button and the Cap, there fell down all round their Head as low as the Cap reached, n fort pf coarfe I Hair like Horfe-hair, dyed (as i fuppofc) of a I light red colour. The Officer brought aboard, as a Prefent fron^ Itbp Governoyr, a young Heifer, the fatteft and ikindlicft Beef, that I did e/er tafte in any foreign Country ^ 'twas fmall, yet full grown ; two large Hogs, four Goats,two Baskets of fine Flour, 20 great flat Cakes of fine well-tafted Bread, two great Jars of Arack, (made of Rice as I judged) called by the Cbinefey Sam Shu ; and 55 Jars of Hoc Shuy as they call it, and our Europeans from tiiem. This i« a ftrong Liquor, made of Wheat, as I have been told. It looks like Mum, and tafles much like it, and is very pleafant and hearty. Our Seamen love it mightily, andwill lick their Lips with it : for fcarce a Ship gees to China, but the Men come home fat with Ifoaking this Liquor, and bring ftore of Jars of ic Ihome with them. It is put into fmall white thick Ijars, that hold near a Quart : The double Jars nold [about twoXJuarts. Thefe Jars are fmall below, and lihence rife up with a pretty full belly, clofing in [pretty fliort at top, with a fmall thick mouth. Over £ e the 4«o They kave the Viksidotes. An. US87. jj^g mouth of the Jar they put a thin Chip cut ^^"^^^ round, juft fo as to cover the mouth, over that 4 piece of Paper, and over that they piit a great lump of Clay, almoft as big as the Bottle or Jar it felf, with a hollow in it, to admit the neck of the Bottle, made round, a?d about four Inches lone ; this is topreferve the Liquor. If the Liquor take any vent it will be fowre prefently, fo that when we buy any of it of the Ships from China returning to MaderaSj or Fort St. George, where it is then fold* or of the Ci&/» for where there are fhort Ridges of Land, there are good B^iys at the extremities of thofe Ridges, where they plunge into the Sea ; as on the Coaft of Caraccos, &c. The Ifland pf John Fernando, and the Ifland St. Hellena, &c. are fucli high Land with deep Shore : and in general, the plunging of any Land under Water, feems to be in proportion to the rifing of its continuous pare above Water, more or lefs fteep j and it muft be a, Bptrpm ^Inioft level, or very gently declining, E e 3 that 4'24-' High Shores and deep Seas^ An. 1687 th At iaflfords good anchoring, Ships being Toon '■Or^ driven from their Moorings on a fteep Bank: Therefore we never ftrivc to anchor where we fee the Land high» and bounding the Sea with deep Cliffs; and for this reafon, when we came in fight of 5/tf/«-Ifland near Ttrra del FuegOy before we entered into the South-Seas, we did not fo much as think of anchoring after we faw what Land it \ was, becaufe of the deep Cliffs which appeared ane of have I which or the : they :wo or d hold It give ve faidl nearf )r fourl Men, ire got! keptj n their red to f they Deck, Linch- ore wci :n pet- celvd Their Traffiak 'With the Bafhcans. • 4 j j cfcived one of them very bufy getting out one of^». 1687^ our Linch-Pini •, and took hold of the Fellow, who ^-^OTsrf immediately bawl'd out, and all the reft prefcntly leaped over-board, fome into their Boats, others into the Sea ; and they all made away for theShoar* But when we perceived their Fright, we made much cf him that was in hold, who ilood trembling all the while -, and at laft we gave him a fmall Piece of Iron, with which he immediately leapt over-board and fwam to his Conforts \ who hovered about our Ship to fee the Iffue. Then we beckned to them to come aboard again, being very loth to lofe a Com- merce with them. Some of the Boats came aboard again, and they were always very honeil and civil afterward. We prefently after this fent a Canoa afhore, to fee their manner of living, and what Provifion they had: The Qanoa's Crew were made very welcome with Bajhee drink, and faw abundance of Hogs, feme of which theyr bought, and returned aboard. After this the Natives brought aboard both Hogs and Goats to us in their own Boats -, and every Day we Ihould have fifteen or twenty Hogs and (joats in Boats aboard by our fide. Thefe we bought for a fmall matter j we could buy a good fat Goat for an old Iron Hoop, and a Hog of feveniy or eighty Pound weight for two or three Pound of Iron. Their drink alfo they brought off in Jars, which we bought for old Nails, Spikes and Leaden Bullets. Befidc the fore- mentioned Commodities, they brought a- board great quantities of Yams and Potatoes v which we purchafed for Nails, Spikes or Bullets. It was one Man*s Work to be all Day cutting out Bars of Iron into fmall Pieces with a cold Chifel : And thele were for the great Purchafes of Hogs and Goats, which they would not fell for Nails, as their Drink and Roots. We never let them know what Store we have, that they may value it the more. Vol. I. F f ^ Every Wc 4} i TMr Stay and Bujtnefs at thefi tjlts, U»> 1^7. Every Morning, aflbon as it was light, they Would l^V^^ thus come aboard with their Commodities ; which we bought as we had occafion. We did commonly furniih our felves with as many Goats and R.oots as ferved us all the Day •, and their Hogs we bought in large quantities, as we thought convenient ; for we faltcdthem. Their Hogs were very fwect j but I never fewfo many mcazled ones. We filled all our Water at a curious Brook cloft I, in GrafiotC% Ifle, where we firft anchored. ^e ftaycd there about three or four Days, before we went to other Iflands. We failed to the fouth. ward, paffing on the Eaft-fide ot Grafton Ifland, and then pafled through between that and M^a mouth Ifland ; but we found no anchoring till w«j came to the North-end of Monmouth Ifland, and| there we ftopt during one Tide. The Tide runs very ftrong here, and fometimcs it^kes a ftioit chopping Sea. Its courfc among thefe Iflands is S. by E. and N. by W. The Flood fets to the North, and Ebb to the South, and it rifeth and falleth eight! Foot. When we went from hence, we coaftcd about two Leagues to the fouthward, on the Weft-fide of Monmouth Ifland ; and finding no Anchor-groundJ we ftood over to the Bajhee Ifland, and came to an Anchor on the North-eaft part of it, againft a{ fmall fandy Bay, in feven Fathom clean hard Sand, and about a quarter of a Mile from the Shore. Herel kindly c aboard board a Hands c the next. We h mofl:Iy f Winds t< vided to fettled) I provided or eighty Potatoes i About fhifted al N. E. fim and begar clouded, ; AtTwt Storm. \ a Head; ; down, yet Sheet-ancf which flop Day. Th drove agai was now ai or Four well for u is a pretty wide Channel between thefe two Iflands,! Sands in 01 and Anchoring all over it. The Depth of Waieri been drive is twelve, fourteen and fixteen Fathom. Ideavours We prefently built a Tent afliore, to mend curl becaufe wc Sails in, and ftay'i all the refl of our time here,l not get ofi viz. from the i3tb Day of Au^jajt till the 26th Day I deep Wate o^ September. In which time we mended our Sails,! longer; 1 and fcrubb'd our Ship's Bottom very well j andland got u every Day fomeof us went to their Towns, and werel heft Bower . - - , - kifldJy A fierce Stdrm. 4} 7 kindly entertained by them. Their Bo^its alfo came ^* 1687. aboard with their Merchandize to fell, and lay a- ^^'VN/ board all Day ; and if we did not take it off their Hands one Day, they would bring the fame again the next. We had yet the Winds at S. W. and S. S. W. moftly fair Weather. In O^ober we did expedt the Winds to fhift to the N. E. and therefore we pro- vided to fail ( as foon as the ea(tern Monfoon was fettled ) to cruize off of Manila. Accordingly we provided a Stock of Provifion. We falted feventy or eighty good fat Hogs, and bought Yams and Potatoes good ftore to eat at Sea. About the 14th Day of SfNemhr the Winds fhitted about to the Eaft, and tis>m thence to the N. E. fine fair Weather. The 25th it Cc^me at N. and began to grow frefh, and the Sky began to be clouded, and the Wind frelhned on us. At Twelve a-Clock at Night it blew a very fierce Storm. We were then riding with our beft Bower a Head ; and though our Yards and Top-maft^were down, yet we drove. This obliged us to let go our Sheet-anchor, veering out a good Scope of Cable, which ftopc us till Ten or Eleven a-Clock the next Day. Then the Wind came on fo fierce, that fhe drove again, with both Anchors a-head. The Wind was now at N. by W. and we kept driving till Three or Four a-Clock in the Afternoon : And it was well for us that there were no Iflands, Rocks or Sands in our way, for if there had, we muft have been driven upon them. We ufed our utmoft En- deavours to Hop here, being loth to go to Sea, becaufe we had fix of our Men alhore, who could not get off now. At laft we were driven out into deep Water, and then it was in vain to wait any longer: Therefore we hove in our Sheet-Cable, and got up our Sheet- Anchor, and cut away oiir beft Bower, ( for to have heav'd her up then would F f 2 have 4? 8 Of fix EnglilTimen left ajbore. W».i6g7. have gone near to have foundred us^ and foput to ^•^y^^ Sea. We had very violent Weather the Night cn- fuing, with very hard Rain, and we wer*? forced to feud with our bare Poks till Three a-Clock in the Morning. Then the Wind flacken'd, and we brought our Ship to onder a Mizen, and lay with ou." Head to the Weftward. The 27th Day the Wind abated much, but it rained very hard all Day, and the Night enfuing. The 28th Day the Wind canne abdut to the N. E. and it cleared up, and blew a hard Gale, but it flood not there, for it fliifted about to the eaftward, thence to the S. E. then to the South, and at laft fettled at S. W. and then we had a moderate Gale and fair Weather. It was the 29th Day when the Wind came to the S. W. Then we made all the Sail we could for the Ifland again. The 30th Day we had the Wind at Weft, and faw the Iflands ; but could not get in before Night. Therefore we ftood off to the fouthward till two a-Clock in the Morning ; then we tackt and ftood in all the Morning, and about Twelve a-Clock, the ift Day of O^ober, we an- chored again at the Place from whence we were driven. Then our fix Men were brought srboard by the Natives, to whom we gave three whole Bars of Iron for their Kindnefs and Civility, which was an ex- traordinary Prefent to them. Mr. Robert Hall was one of the Men that was left alhore. I fliall fpeak more of him hereafter. He anc^ the reft of them told me, that after the Ship was out of fight, the Natives began to be more kind to them than they had been before, and perfuaded them to cut their Hair fhort, as theirs v/as, offering to each of them if they would do it, a young Woman to Wife, and a fmall Hatchet and other Iron Utenfils lit for a Planter^ in Dowry i and withal fhewed them a Piece of Land for them to manage. They were 2 courted 7 he CrtuJ go upon new Trofeifs. 43 i^ • courted thus by fcveralof the Town where they then -rf». i6g were : but they took up their head Quarters at the ViOTN? Houfe of him with whom they firft went aflioar. When the Ship appeared in fight acain, theo they importuned them ror fome Iron, which is the chief thing that tli<"y covet, even above their Ear-rings. We might have bought all their Ear-rings, or other Gold they had, with our Iron-bars, had wq been jfiured of its Goodnefs ; and yet when it was toucli- cd and compared with other Gold, wc could not dif- cern any Difference, though it looked fo pale in the Lump i but the feeing them polilh it fo often, was a new Difcouragement. This laft Storm put our Men quite out of heart : for although ic was not altogether fo fierce as that hich we were in on the CoalV of China, which WuS ftill frefli in Memory, yet it wrought more powerfully, and frighted them from their Defign of cruifing before Manila^ fearing another Storm there. Now every Man wifht himfelf at home, as they had done a hundred times before; But Captain Ready and Captain Teat the Matter, perfuaded them to go towards Cape Comoririy and then they would tell them more of their Minds, intending dj^ubtlefs to cruize in the Red-Sea -, and they cafily prevailed with the Crew. The eaftern Monfoon was now at hand, and the heft way had been to go through the Streights of Malacca: But Captain Teat {aid k was dangerous, by reafon of many Iflands and Shoals there, with which none of us were acquainted. Therefore he thought it bed to go round on the Eaft-fide of all the Philipine Iflands, and fo keeping South toward the Spice- I/lands, to pafs out into the Eajl-Indian Ocean about the Ifland Timor, F f 3 This IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 ^ ^ i^ I.I 1^ 1^ ^ lis lio - 6" 1.8 11.25 1111.4 111.6 V] .^# /: ^ 7 M Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 c« W Ko 440 The Authoi's Refilution. J6i^i687, This fecrhed to be a very tedious way about, and ' as dangerous altogether for Shoals \ but not for {nett- ing with En^ijh or Dutch Ships, which was ^-heir §reateft Fear. I was well enough fatisfied, knowing lat the farther we went, the more Knowledge and Experience I fhould get, which was the main Thing that I regarded *, and fhould alfo have the more va< iriety of Places to attempt an Efcape from them, being fully refolved to take the firft Opportunity of gjiving them the flip. CHAP. They dq by [hi Se.Jo They when after i of the Swan, Authi but in danao. dorc, « Town Eaftft IjUmdi Tmle Ptrtue % . A Spot of one Ifland bour ( given vice in Habit differe m a% thers A > ' •« r about, and It for meet- was ♦'heir j, knowing wledge and [lain Thing ic more va- rom them, lortunicy of f CHAP. ' J^ £ 9i vti Si jfe'S <& 4c w 4v cE> dv w A ift 9i 9» 9i tv vh 4P CHAP. XVI. They depart from the Bafhce-/^^«/j, andfa^ng by fbme others, and the N.-Endof Lucbhia. J/. John'j IJle, and other of the Philip^iacs. They flop at the two Ifles near Mindanao; where they re- fit their Ship, and make a Tvimp after the Spanifh Fajhion. Bf theyoung Trmce of the Spice'IJlandthey have News of Cdpt^ Swan, andhfsMen, left at Mindanao. The Author popofet to the Crew to retiirn to him^ but in vain. The Story of his Murder at Mfn- danao. The Clove-lflands, Tcrnatc. Ti- dorc, ^c. The IJland Celebes, and'D\xtch Town of Macalfer. They coaft along the Eaft'^e of Celebes, and between it and other Iftands and Shoals, with great difficulty. Shy Turtle. VafiCpckles, A wild rine of great Virtue for Sores. Great Trees $ one extejtvefy big, Beacons infieadof Buoys on the Sholes. A Spout : a 'Defcriptionofthem, with a Story of one. Uncertain Tornadoes, Turtle. The 1/land BoMton, and its chief Town and Har* bour Caliafufung. The Inhabitants, Vifits given avid received by the Sultan, His de- vice in the Flag of his Troe : His Guards, Habit and Children. Their Commerce, Their different Eft eem {as they pretend) of the ^n^- liih and Dutch. Maritime Indians fell o- thers for Slaves, Their Reception in the F f 4 Town 44X An. if)%7. 4ii AT. E, endoftuconii, ^ndJJle^of St, John. 7 own. A Boy with four rows of Teeth, Tatd- hifes, Crockltelofesy a forf of White Tfirrofs, They pafs among other inhabited Jflands. Om^ b^, Pcntarc, TUnorc, ^c. Sholesl Ncw^ Holland j laid down too much northward. Its fSoiii and Dragon-trees. The poor winhr^ Inhabitants : their Feathers, }Iabit, Food, Arms, &c. -The way of fetching Fire out of Wood. The Inhabitants on the ijlands. Their ffabitfftions, Unfitnefsfor Labour, ficc. The great Tides here-* Thef dejign for the IJland Cqcos, 4nd Caf^ ComofiVif TH E 3d Day of OSiober liSSy, we failed from thefe ICands, (landing to the fouthward , in- tending to fail through among the Spice-Iflands, We had fair Weather, and the Wjnd at Weft. "Wc firft fteer'd S. S. W. and paffed clofe by certain fmalj Iflands that lie juft by the North-end of the Ifland Luconia. We left them all on the Weft of us, ajid }3aft on the Eaft-fide of it, and the reft qf thp Phi. ippine Kknds, coaftipg to the fouthward, The N. Eaft-endof the Iflapd Luconia zpf cars to f)e ^o'od. Champion Land, of an Indifferent neighth, plain and ^ven for many Leagues ; only it has fotne pretty hi^h Hills ftanding upright by thcmfelves in thefe Plains •, but no Ridges of Hills, or Chains of Mountains joining one toanother^ The Land on this fide feerps to be moft Savannah, or Pafture : The S.£aft-part is more. mountainous and woody. Leaving the Idand Lnconia, and with it our Goli 4en Projedls, we failed on to the Southward, pafling pn the Eaft-fide of the reft of the Philippine Iflands. Thefe appear tp be more mountainous, and lefs woody, till we came in fight of the Ifland St. John ; fhe i&rft of that Name 1 mentioned : ttie pther I fpH? Weft, fpaku ot. defcribed Wind eoi from the, The I. low wood pf Minda do not fir The I Fe fteere( yed at th( we went i which lie tioned the we found the eafter ihorc '9 fo our Ship, to clean three or i they arc al and of a \ and deep Water. They Trees J to cut doi they made s^lfo, our anew Foi our Pump did cqt a red it, %\\% lowed eacl ipade big midft of t ther J anc ^em ex'ad / Wtfi-fide 9f. Mindanao, ^r^^x^yumps. 441, fpaki; ot on the Coaft of. China. This I have already Jm. j^: defcribed to be a very woody IQand. Here the ^^^"VSI Wind coming fouthcrly, forced us to keep farther from thejflands. * The i4thDay of OMervtt came clofe by a fmall low woody Idand, that lieth Eaft from the S.E. end pf Mindanao^ diiVant from it about 20 Leagues. I dp not find it fet down in any Sea-Chart. The 15 th Day we had the Wind at N. E. and ^t fteered Weft for the Ifland Mindanao^ and arri-. yed at the S. E. end again on the 16th Day. There we went in and anchored between two fmall Iflands, which lie in about 5 d. 10 m. North Lat. I men- tioned them when we firft came on this Coaft. Here we found a fine fmall Cove, on the N. W, end of the eaftermoft Ifland, fit to careen m, or hale a-; fliorc \ fo we went in there, and prefently unrigged Qur Ship, and provided to hale our Ship aflipre, to clean her Bottom. Thefe Idands are ^bouc three or four Leagues from the Ifland Mindanao ; they arc about four or five Leagues in Circumference, and of a pretty good heighth. The Mold is black and deep ; and there ar^ two fmall Brooks of frefh Water. They are both plentifully ftored with great high Treps i therefore our Carpenters were lent a'fliore to cut dowa fome of them for our ufe •, for here they made a new Boltfprit, which we did fet here :jlfo, our old one being very faulty. They made a new Fore-yard too, and a Fore-top-maft : And our Pumps being faulty, and not ferviceable, they did cut a Tree to make ^ Pump. They firft fqua- red it, ph^n fawed it in the middle, and then noj- jowed each fide cxa(5lly, Tire two hollow fides were ipade big enough to conrain a Pump-box in the midft of then) both, when they were joined toge- ther J and it required their utmoft Skill to clofe fhem exaftly to the making a tight Cylinder for the '' .' ~ Pump ■■ T 44* jf Prince of a ipieiljldnd. f^^^' ^»'n™P"^0'f > being unaccuftomed to fuch Work. * ^^^ We learnt this way of Pump-making from the Spa- mardsi who make their Pumps that they ufe in their Ships in the South-Seas after this manner -, and I am Confident that there are no better Hand-pumps in the World than they have. V/hilc we lay here, the young Prince that I men- tioned in the 13 th Chapter came aboard. He under ftanding that we were bound farther to the foutl)- 1 ward, defired us to tranlport him and his Men to his own Ifland. He fhewed it to us in our Draft, imd told us the Name of it 5 which we put down in our Draft, for it was not named there ; but I quite forgot to put it into my Journal. This Man tola us, that not above fix Days before this, he faw Captain Swan^ and feveral of his Men that we left there, and named the Names of fomc tt theni, who he faid Were all well, and chat now they were at the City of Mindanao ; but that they hacf all of them been out with Raja Laut, fighting iSnder him in his Wars againft liis Enemies the Jl- foores i and that moft of them fought with un- daunted Courage ; for which they were highly ho- noured and efteemed, as well by the Sultan, as by the General Raja Laut ; that now Capt. 5 wtf« intend- ed to go with his Men to Fort St. George^ and that in order thereto, he had J)roffered forty Ounces of | Gold for a Ship ; but the Owner and he were not yet agreed *, and that he feared that the Sultan would not let him go away till the Wars were ended. All this the Prince told us in the Mala'^anTot^pit^ which many of us had learnt ; and when he went away he promifed to return to us again in three Days time, and fo long Capt. Read promifed to ftay for him (for we had now almoft finiflied our Bufi- nefs^ and he feemed very glad of the Opportunity gf going with us. After The Murder of C. Swan at Miiklanao. 44f After this I endeavoured to perfwade our Mtti Am^i69f» to return with the Ship to the River of MindanaOi and offer their Service again to Captain Swan, I took an Opportunity when they were filling of Water, there being then half the Ship's Company aihore v and I found all thefe ver^ willing to do it. Ildefired them to fay nothing, till I had tried this Minds of the other half, which I intended to do I the next Day, it being their turn to fill Water then \ But one of thefe Men, who Teemed moft forward to invite back Captain Swan^ told Captain Read and Captain "teat or the Projeft, and they prefentljr diflwaded the Men from any fuch Defigns. Yet fearing the worft, they made all pofiible hade to be gone. I have fince been informed, thiit Captain Swan and his Men ftaied there a great while afterward t and that many of the Men got Paflagesfrom thenc^ \\ti Butch Sloops to ternatej particularly Mr. Rofy^ and Mr. Nelly. There they remained a great while^i and at laft got to Batavia fwhere tht Dutch took liieir Journals from them) and (o to Europe ; and that fome of Capt. Swan's Men died at Mindanao ; of which Number Mr. Bartbrope^ and Mr. Smithy Captain Swan's Merchants were two. At laft Cap- tain Swan and his Surgeon going in a fmall Canoa aboard of a Dutch Ship then in the Road, ii) order j to get Paflage to Europe^ were overfec by the Na- tives at the Mouth of the River ; who waited their coming purpofely to do it, but unfuipeAed \yf them 5 where they both were killed in the Water, This was done by the General's Order, as fome think, to get his Gold, which he did immediately feize on. Others fay, it was becaufe the General'fi Houfe was burnt a little before, and Captain Swan I was fufpefted to be the Author of it j and others fay, That it was Captain Swan's Threats oc^cafioned l)j$ own Ruin i for he woujd often fay pailionately^ that 44< They anivi st the Ifland Celebes. .1687. that he had been abufed bv the General, and that "^^ he would have Satisfaction for it \ Saying alfo, that now he was well acquainted with their Kivers, and knew how to come in at any time ; that he alfo knew their manner of Fighting, and the Weaknefs of their Country ; and therefore he would go away, and get a Band of Men to aflifl; him, and return. ing thither again, he would fpoil and take all that they had, and their Country too. When the Ge- neral had been informed of thefe Difcourfes, he would fay, What, is Captain Swan made of Iron, and able to refift a whole Kingdom ? Or does he think that we are afraid of him, that he fpeaki thus ? Yet did he never touch him, till now the MindatMyans killed him. It is very probable there might be (bmewhat of Truth in all this *, for the Captain was pafllonate, and the General greedy of Gold. But whatever was the Occafion, fo he was killed, as feveral have alTured me, and his Gold feized on, and all his Things ; and his Journal alfo from England, as far as Cape Corrientes on the Coaft of Mexico, This Journal was afterwards fent away from thence by Mr. Moody Cwhowas there both a little before and a little after the Murder) and he fent it to England by Mr. Gt/ddard, Chief-Mate of the Defenfe^ But to our purpole : Seeing I could not perfwade them to go to Captain Swan again, 1 had a great de- fire to have had the Prince's Company .* But Cap- cjdof it, tl tain Read was afraid to let hi^ fickle Crew lie lon^l** R^eat St That very, Day that the Prince had promifed to re- turn to us, which was November 2. 1687. we failed hence, diredting our Courfe South-Weft, and having the Wind at N. W. Thi? Wind continued till we came in fight of the Ifland Celebes ; then it veered about to the Weft, and to the fouthward of the Weft. We came up with the N. E. end of the Ifland Celebes the 9th, Day /. Gilo pay, and Hreitward the £aft-fi The Ifla ed in leng grees of I^ It lies und< Lat. I d. 3 5d. 3om.5 point in th and South, a long nar Leagues » of this Ion fide of wh which are chiefeft arc of Ceylon mon, and thought by World i bi (hewn. At the S Sea or Gulp and forty c altnoft direi f&veral fma the Wcft-fi great dutch. There ai ide of the Iflands, and faw a high ] on the Eaft mod the lei black and < bcs; , and that ; alfo, that Livers, and lat he alfo Wcaknefs i go away, I nd return, ke all that sn the Gc- ourfea, he I 3e of Iron, Dr does he he rpeaks 11 now the bable there s*, for the 1 greedy of , fo he was d his Gold (ournal alio n theCoaftI 5 fent away here both a I er) and he lef-Mate of >t perfwadei a great de- But Cap- ew lie long^ lifed tore- ^ we failed and haying fight of the the Weft, e came up )es the 9th, pay I. Giloto, Ternate, Tidor, &c, MacafTcr. '447 Day, and there wc found the Current fetting to the f*^^f[ Ifeftward fo ftrongly that wc could hardly get on ' ^'^ ' the Eaft-fide of that IHand. The Ifland Celebes is a very large Idand, extend- ed in length from North ro South, about 7 de- grees of I^at. and in breath it is about 3 degrees. Ic lies under the Equator, the North-end being in Lat. I d. 30 m. North, and the South-end in Lat. 5 d. 30 m. South, and by common account the North- point in the Bulk of this Ifland, lies neareft North and South, but at the North-Eaft-end there runs ouc along narrow Point, (Iretching N. E. about thirty Leagues \ and about thirty Leagues to the eaftward of this long Slip, is the Ifland Gilolo^ on the Weft- fide of which are four fmall Iflands, clofe by it, which are very well ftored with Cloves. The two chiefefl: are Ternate and ^idore ; and as the Ifle of Ce'jlon is reckoned the only Place for Cinna- mon, and that of Banda for Nutmegs, fo thefe are thought by fome to be the only Clove-Iflands in the World i but this is a great Error, as I have already (hewn. > At the South-end of the Ifland Celehes there is a [Sea or Gulph, of about feven or eight Leagues wide, and forty or fifty long, which runs up the Country almoft airedly to the North ; and this Gulph hath feveral fmall Iflands along the middle of it. On Idle Weft-fide of the Ifland, almoft at the South- nd of it, the Town of Macajfer is feated. A Town f great Strength and Trade, belonging to the \tch. There are great Inlets and Lakes on the Eaft- ide of the Ifland i as alfo abundance of fmall Hands, and Sholes lying fcattered about it We aw a high peeked Hill at the N. end : But the Land }n the Eaft-fide is low all along \ for we cruized al- moft the length of it. The Mold on this fide is Iblack and deep, and extraordinary fat and rich, ard i|4t TJbey coaft akmg the Ip rf Celebes. '^7. and full of Trees : And there are many Brooks ofl Water run out into the Sea. Indeed all this Eaft.f fide of the Ifland feems to be but one large Grovt| of extraordinary great high Trees. Having with much ado got on this Eaft-Hde, coaft.| ing along to the Southward, and yet having but lit-l tie Wind, and even that little againft us, at S. S. 'W.l ■|Uk1 fometimes Calm, we were a long time going a>[ bout the Ifland. The 2 2d Day we were in Lat. id. 20m. SouthJ 4tnd being about three Leagues from the Ifland (land- ing to the Southward, with a very gentle Land*! Wind, about 2 or 3 a Clock in the Morning, m heard a clafliing in the Water, like Boats rowing:! And fearing fome fudden Attack, we got up all our| Arms, and ftood ready to defend our felves. foon as it was Day we faw a great Proe, built liktl the Mindanayan Proes, with about 60 Men in her J and fix fmaller Proes. They lay (till about a Milej to windward of us, to view us ; and probably d^| iigned to make a Prey of us when they firft came| out 5 but they were now afraid to venture on us. At laft we fliewed them Dutch Colours, thinkinej thereby to allure them to come to us : For we couldj not go to them j but they prefently rowed in col ward the Ifland, and went into a large Opening \\ #nd we faw them no more 5 nor did we ever fee anyl other Boats or Men, but only one fifliing Canoa,| while we were about this Iflana •, neither did we fa any Houfe on all the Coaft. About five or fix Leagues to the South of thkj Flace^ there is a great Range of both large and fmallf Iflands i and many Shoals alfo that are not laid downl in our Drafts •, which made it extremely troubl^| ibme for us to get through. But we paft between them all and the Ifland Celebes, and anchored againf tk fandy Bay in eight Fathom fandy Ground, abouj Sfy Turtles. Fs/I Cockles. A ^rug. 449 half a Mile from the main Iftand \ being then inLat. ^' >^ I dL 50 m. South. ^ere we ftaied feveral Days, and fent out our Canoas a ftriking of Turtle every Day \ for here is ffreat plenty of them \ but they were very (by, as they were generally where-ever we found them in the Msjt-Inaia Seas. I know not the reafon of it, un- left the Natives go very much a ftriking here : For even in the Weft-tn^s they are fhy in Places that are I much difturbed : And yet on New-Holland we found them ihy, as I (hall relate % though the Natives there I io not nK)left them. On the Shole without MS we went and gathered |SheU4ilh at low Water. There were a monftrous fort of Cockles ) the Meat of one of them would fufiice feven or eight Men. It was very good whol- jbme Meat. We did alfo beat about in the Woods Lon the Ifland, but found no Game. One 'of our iMen, who was always troubled with fore Legs, found u certain Vine that fupported it felf by clinging a- Ibout other Trees. The Leaves reach Hx or feven iFoot high, but the Strings or Branches 11 or 12. lit had a very green Leaf, pretty broad and roundifh, land of a thick Subilance. Thefe Leaves pounded Tmall and boiled with Hog's Lard, make an excel- ent Salve. Our Men knowing the Virtues of it, bckt themfelves here : There were fcarce a Man in ^he Ship but got a Pound or two of it *, efpecially jch as were troubIe4 with old Ulcers, who found reat Benefit by it. This Man that difcovered thefe .eaves here, had his firft Knowledge of them in the |fthmas of Darietiy he having had his Receipt from. ae of the Indians there : And he had been afhore ia iivers Places fince, purpofely to feek thefe Leaves, but did never find any but here. Among the many iraft Trees hereabouts, there was one exceeded ail |he reft. This Capt. Read caufed to be cut down« |n order to make a Canoa, having loft our Boats, all but 450 Aguat Trie. Beaconifet on Sbolei. 'Ji», i687- but one fmaU one, in the late Storms } fo fiX ludy ^i^VV Men, who had been Logwood-cutters in the Bays I of Campeacby and Honduras (zi Captain Rtad him* fclf, and many more of us had) and fo were very ex. pert at this work, undertoolc to fell it, taking their turn, three always cutting together; and thoy were one whole Day, and half the next before they got it down. This Tree, though it grew in a Wood, was yet 18 Foot in Circumfer nee, and 44 Foot of clean Body, without Knot or Branch : And eveai there it had no more than one or two BranchesJ and then ran clear again 10 Foot higher; there it fpread it felf into many great Limbs and Branches,! like an Oak, very green and flourifhing : Yet it wasi .periiht at the Heart, which marr'd it for the Ser-I vice intended. I So leaving it, and having no more Bufmefs here,l we weighed, and went from hence the next Day,l it being the 29th Day of November. While we Jayl here we had fome Tornadoes, one or two every! Day, and pretty frefli Land-winds which were atl Weft. The Sea-breezes are fmall and uncertain,! fometimes out of the N. £. and fo veering about tol the Eaft and South-Eaft. We had the Wind af North-Eaft when we weighed, and we fteered ofi S. S. W. In the Afternoon we faw a Shole a-head oil us, and altered our Courfe to the S. S. £. In the vening at 4 a Clock, we were clofe by another gread Shole ', therefore we tackt, and ftood in for the l\ . fland Celebes again, for fear of cunning on fome 1 the Sholes in the Night. By Day a Man might aj void them well enough, for they had all Beacons oq them, like Huts built on tall Pods, above High] water Mark, probably fet up by the Natives of th Ifland Celebes, or thofe of fome other neighbouring Iflands *, and I never faw any fuch elfewhere. In th] Night we had a violent Tornado out of the S. " which lafted about an Hour. Tl Sk .'!r ff/4r Celebes. A Tornado and Sfout. 451 The 30th Day wc had a frefh Land- Wind, and -''^'J^T; fteered away South, pafling between the two Shoals, ^ which we faw the Day before. Thefe Shoals lye in Lat. 3 d. South, and about ten Leagues from the Ifland Celebes, Being paft them, the Wind died a« way, and we laybecalmed till the Afternoon : Then we had a hard Tornado out of the South- Weft, and towards the Evening we faw two or three Spouts, the firft I had feen fince I came into the Eaft-Indies % m the Weft'Indies I had often met with them. A Spout is a fmall ragged piece or |)art of a Cloud haneins down about a Yard, feemingty from the blackeft part . thereof. Commonly it hangs down floping from thence, or fometimes appearing with a fmall oending, or elbow in the middle. 1 never faw any hang perpendicularly down. It is fmall at the lower-end, feeming no bigger than one's Arm, but ftill fuller towards the Cloud, from whence it proceeds. When the Surface of the Sea begins to work, you (hall fee the Water, for about 100 Paces in Circumference, foam and move gently round till the whirling Motion increafes : And then it flies up- ward in a Pillar, about 100 Paces in Compafs at the bottom, but lelTening gradually upwards co the fmallnefs of the Spout it felf, there where it reacheth the lower-end of the Spout, through which the ri- fing Sea-water feems to be conveyed into the Clouds. This vifibly appears by the Clouds increafmg in bullc and blacknefs. Then you (hall prefently fee the Cloud drive along, although before it feemed to be without any Motion : The Spout alfo keep- bg the fame Courfe with the Cloud, and (till fuck- I ine up the Water as it goes along, and they make I a Wind as rhey go. Thus it continues for the fpace of half an Hour, more or lefs, until the fucking is fpent, and then breaking off, all the Wa- ter which was below the Spout, or pendulous piece Vol. I. Gg of 452 Of 4 SpQUt on the Coaft of Guinea: 4»' 1687. of Cloud, falls down again into the Sea, making a **^^^^ great Noifc with its fall and clafhing Motion in thq Sea. . It is very dangerous for a Ship to be under a Spout when it breaks, therefore we always endea- vour to ihun it, by keeping at a diftance, if poffi. bly wc can. But for want of Wind to carry us a- way, we are often in great fear and danger, for it \% ufually calm when Spouts are at work ; except only jyft where they are. Therefore Men at Sea, when they fee a Spout coming, and know not how to a^ void \ty do fometimes nre Shot out of their great Guns into it, to give it air or vent, that fo it may Ijreak » but I did nc/er hear that it proved to be of any Benefit. And now being on this Subje6l:, I think it no( amifs to give you an account of an Accident that happened to a Ship once on the Coaft of Guinea^ Ibmetime in or about the Year 1674. One Cap* tain Records of London^ bound for the Coaft of QHinea^ in a Ship of 300 Tuns, and 16 Guns, called the Blejing 5 when he came into the Lat. 7 or 3 degrees I*^rth, he faw feveral Spouts, one or which came diredly towards the Ship, and he having nq Wind to get out of the way of the Spout, made ready to receive it by furling his Sails. It came on very fwift and broke a little before it reached the 3hip i making a great Noife, and raifing the Sea round it, as if a great Houfe or fome fu:h Thing, had been caft into the Sea. The Fury of he Wind ftill lafted, and took the Ship on the ."jtarboard- bow with fuch .Violence, that it fnapt off the Boltfprit and Fore-maft both at once, and blew the Ship all along, ready to / over-fct it, but the Ship did prefently right again, and the Wind whirling round, took the Ship a fecond time with the like Fury as before, but on the contrary fide, and was again like to over-fct her the other way. The The Mi and was fprit ha( top-maf Wind ( them. Fore-ma with thei I had th then Quj hraham P fecond N We ar this was t them. 1 caufc the] like a Lc way : Bui them oftei of the Hai Decembt we fteerec tion in L Ifland Boi Leagues conftant S. W. wh Winds we Kindnefs eft G?lc, ; Day at N( m. South. The 5th the Ifiand Weather, Mojkito ^ ftrike Tun being Ihy rs,^'^ IJle of iovxonl Fickle- WeatheK 455 The Mizen-maft felt the Fury of this fecond Blaft, ^n- 1687; and was fnapt fliort off, as the Fore-maft and Bolt- fprit had been before. The Main-maft, and Main- top-maft, received no Damage, for the Fury of the Wind C which was prcfently over^ did not reach them. Three Men were in the Fore-top when the Fore-maft broke, and one on the Boltfpht, and fell with them into the Sea, but all of them were faved. I had this Relation from M. John Canby, who was then Quarter -mafter, and Steward of her ; one A- hraham Wife was Chief Mate, and Leonard J efferia fecond Mate. ~; We are ufually very niuch afraid of them: Yet this was the only Damage that ever I heard done by them. They feem terrible enough, the rather be- caufe they come upon you while you lie becalmed, like a Log in the Sea, and cannot set out of their way : But though I have feen, and been befet by them often, yet the Fright was always the greateft of the Harm. December the ift, we had a gentle Gale at E. S.E, we fteered South ; and at Noon I was by Obferva- tion in Lat. 3d. 34 m. South. Then we faw the Ifland Bouton, bearing South- Weft, and about ten Leagues diftant. We had very uncertain and un- conftant Winds : The Tornadoes came out of the S. W. which was againft us j and what other Winds we had were fo faint, that they did us little Kindnefs ; but we took the Advantage of tlie fmall- eft G?le, and got a little way every Day. The 4th Day at Noon I was by Obfervation in Lat. 4d. 30 m. South. The 5th Day we got clofe by the N. W. end of the IQand Bouton, and in the Evening, it being fair Weather, we hoifed 'out our Canoa, and fent the Mojkito Men, of whom we had two or Uiree, to ftrike Turtle, for here are plenty of them ; but they being (hy, we cliofe to ftrike them in the Nighc G g 2 (which 454 Ifie of Bouton, and its City Callafufung. 'An. 1687. (which is cuftoiriary in the tVeJi-tnciies alfo) for every i/VV time they come up to breath, which is once in 8 or 10 Minuts, they blow fo hard, that one may hear them at ^o or 40 Yafds diftance ', by which means the Striker knows where they arc, and may more eafily approach them then in the Day i for the Tun- tie fees better than he hears *, but on the contrary, the Manatee's hedring is quickeft. In the Morning they returned with a very large Turtle, which they took near the Shore *, and withal an Indian of the Ifland came aboard with them. He ipake the Malayan Language ; by which wc did un- derftand him. He told us, that two Leagues far- ther to the Southward 6f us, there wa'^ a good Harbour, in which we might anchor : So having a fair Wind, We got thither by Noon. This Harbour is in Lat. 4 d. 54 m. South ; lying on the Eaft-fide of the Ifland Bouton. Which Ifland lies near the S. E. end of the Ifland Cekhes^ diftant from it about three or four Leagues. It is of a long form, ftretching S. W. and N. E. above 25 Leagues long, and 10 broad. It is pretty high Land, and ap* pears pretty even, and flat and very woody. There is a large Town within a League of the anchoring-PIace, called Callafufung^ being the chief, if there were more ; which we knew not. It is about a Mile from the Sea, on the top of a fmall Hill, in a very fair Plain, incompaifed with Coco- hut Trees. Without the Trees there is a ftrong Stone- Wall clear round the Town. The Houfes are built like the Houfes at Mindanao \ but more neat : And the whole Town was very clean and de- lightfome. The Inhabitants are fmall, and well (haped. They are much like the Mindanaiam in fhapc, colour, and habit ; but more neat and tight. They fpeak the Malayan Language, and are all Mahometans. They arc very obedient to the SuUan, who is a •2 little ufung. ) for every )nce in 8 or : may hear hich means may more )r the Tun- I contrary, I very large and withal them. He we did un- ^eagues far- N^-'i- a good ; So having >uth ; lying Vhich Ifland ^ehs, diftant is of a long [ 25 Leagues .nd, and ap- dy. ague of the ig the chief, not. It is > of a fmall with Coco- is a ftrong ;'he Houfes but more lean and de- aped. They ipc, colour, They fpeak Mahometans. n, who is a little ne Suitan of^OMXOTi ; his ^eviee 4nd Guards. 45 5 jittlcMan, about forty or fifty Years '^M^ and hath ^»* ^^V a great many Wives and Children. l^V^ About an Hour after we came to an Anchor, the Sultan fent a Meflenger aboard, to know what we were, and what our Bufmefs. We gave him an acr count i and he returned afhore, and in a fhort time after he came, aboard again, and told us, that the Sultan was very well pleafed when he heard that we were Engltjh •, and faid, that we Ihould have any thing that the Ifland afforded •, and that he himfelf would come aboard in the Morning. Therefore the Ship was made clean^ and every thing put in the belt order to receive him. The 6th Day in the Morning betimes a great many Boats and Canoas came aboard, with Fowls, Eggs, Plantains, Potatoes, 6fr. but they woul4 c^fpofc of none till they had Orders for it from the Sultan^ at his coming. About 10 a-Clock the Sul- tan came aboard in a very neat Proe, built after the Mindanao Fafhion. There was a large white Silk Flag at the Head of the Maft, edged round with a deep red for about two or three Inches broad, and in the middle there was neatly drawn a Green Grif- fon, trampling on a winged Serpent, that feemed to ftruggle to get up, and threatened his Adverfary with open Mouth, and with v^ long Sting that wa$ ready to be darted intp his Legs. Other Eaji-Indian princes have their Devices alfo. The Sultan with three or four of his Nobles, and three of his Sons, fat in the Houfe of the Proe. His Guards were ten Mufqueteer?, five (landing on one fide of the Proe, and five on the other IMe ; and before the Door of the Proe-houfe ftoqd one with a great broad Sword and a Target, and twp rnore fuch at the after-part of th« Houfe j and in the Head and Stern of the Proe ftpod four Mufque- teers more, two at each end. §? Thp 4S6 The Sultan's Habit. Selling of Slaver. 'Am. 1687 . The Sultan had a Silk Turbat, laced with narrow ^>^VSJ Gold Lace by the fides, and broad Lace at the end : which hung down on one fide the Head, after the Mindanayan Fafliion. He had a Sky-coloured Silk pair of Breeches, and a piece of red Silk thrown ' crofs his Shoulders, and hanging loofe about him ; the greateft part of his Back and Wade appearing naked. He had neither Stocking nor Shoe. One of his Sons were about 15 or 16 Year old, the other two were young things ; and they were always in the Arms of one or other of his Attendants. Captain Read met him at the (ide, and led him into his fmall Cabin, and fired five Guns for his welcome. As foon as he came aboard he gave leave to his Subje(5ts to Traffick with us } and theni our People bought what they had a Mind to. The Sultan recm'd very well pleafed to be vifited by the Efiglijh ; and faid he had coveted to have a fight of Engltfhmen^ having heard extraordinary Charadlers of their juft and honourable Dealing : But he ex- claimed againft the Butch, (as all the Mifidanayam, and all the Indians we met with do) and wiflied them at a greater diftance. For Macajfer is not very far from hence, one of the chiefeftTowns that the Dutch have in thofe parts. From thence the Dutch come fometimes hither to purchafe Slaves. The Slaves that thefe People get here and fell to the Dutch, are fome of the idola- trous Natives of the Ifland, who not being under the Sultan, and having no Head, live ftraggling in the Country, flying from one Place to another to preferve themfelves from the Prince and his Sub- jcfts, who hunt after them to make them Slaves. For the civilized Indians of the Maritime Places, who trade with Foreigners, if they cannot reduce the inland People to the Obedience of their Prince, they catch all they can of them and fell them for ^Slaves $ Wit. h narrow : the end : after the »ured Silk k thrown out him i appearing loe. One the other always in 5. 1 led him IS for his rave leave i theri our to. The ted by the a fight of ^haraders ut he ex- tdanayanSf id wiihed ce, one of lofc parts, hither to 'eople get the idola- ing under iggling in nother to his Sub- ;m Slaves. le Places, ot reduce :ir Prince, them for Slaves i T^ Sftkan entertains them at Callafiining, 457 Slaves ; accounting them to be but as Savages, juft •^»- 1687- as the Spaniards do the poor Americans, C/VNJI After two or three Hours Difcourfe, the Sultan went afhore again, and five Guns were fired at his Departure alfo. The next Day he fent for Captain Read to come afhore, and he with feven or eight Men went to wait on the Sultan. I could not flip an Opportunity of feeing the Place ; and f accom- paniecl them. We were met at the Landing-place by two of the chief Men, and guided to a pretty neat Houfe, where the Sultan waited our coming. The Houfe ftood at the further-end of all the Town before-mentioned, which we pafi: through ; and abundance of People wefe gazing on us as we paft by. When we came near the Houfe, there were forty poor naked Soldiers with Mufquets made a Lane for us to pafs through. This Houfe was not built on Pofts, as the reft were, after the Minda- nayan way ; but the Room in which we were en- tertained was on the Ground, covered with Mats to fit on. Our Entertainment was Tobacco and Be- td-nut, and young Coco^nuts ; and the Houfe was befet with Men, and Women and Children, who thronged to get near the Windows to look on us. We did not tarry above an Hour before we took our leaves and departed. This Town flands in a fandy Soil i but what the reft of the Ifland is I know not, for none cf us were afhore but at this Place/ The ne^^t Day the Sultan came aboard again, and prefented Captain Read with a little Bov, ^but he was too fmall to be ferviceable on boara ; >and ib Captain Read returned Thanks, and told him he was too little for him. Then the Sultan fent for * bigger Boy, which the Captain accepted. This Poy was a very pretty tradable Boy j but what WW wonderful in him, he had two Rows of Teeth, G g 4 one 45 « The Creckadore. IteatTroes, Iflmds: '^•.1687. one within another on each Jaw. None of the 0- *-^^VNJ ther People were fo, nor did I ever fee the like. The Captain was prefented alfo with two He-goats, and was promifed fome BufTaloe, but I do believe that they have but few of either on the Idand. We did not fee any Buflfaloe, nor many Goats, neither have they much Rice, , but their chiefeft Food i% Roots. We bought here about a Thoufand Pound Weight of Potatoes. Here our Men bought alfo abundance of Crockadores, and fine large Parakites, curiouHy coloured, and fome of them the fineft I ever faw. The Crockadore is as big as a Parrot, and (haped much like it, with fuch a Bill ; but it is as white as Milk, and hath a Bunch of Feathers on his Head like a Crown. At this Place we bought a Proe alfo of the | Mindanayan irike, for our own ufe, which our Car- penters afterwards altered, and made a delicate Boat I fit for any Service. She was (harp at both ends, but we faw*d oS one, and made that end flat, faftening a Rudder to it,and (be rowed and failed incomparably. Weftaied here but till the i2th Day, becaufe it was a bad Harbour and foul Ground, and a bad time of the Year too, for the Tornadoes began to come in thick and ftrong. WJj^n we went to weigh our Anchor, it was hooked in a Rock, and we broke our Cable, and could not get our Anchor, though we ftrove hard for 'f i fo we went away and left it there. We had the Wind at N.N.E. and we fteered towards the S.E. and fell in with four or five fmall fdands, that lie in 5 d. 40 m. South Lat. and about five or fix Leagues from Callafufung Harbour. Thefc Iflands appeared very Green with Coco-nut Tree:, a and we faw two or three Towns on them, tM% heard a Drum all Night, for we were pot in a-| mong Shoals, and could not get out again till thef next Day. We knew not whether the Drum wercl for fear of us, or that they were making mcrryj asl lands.' of the 0- the like. Flc-goats, Jo believe and. "We :s, neither Food is ,nd Pound )ught alfo Parakites, he fineft I md (haped IS white as Head like alfo of the h our Car- ilicateBoat 1 ends, but faftening a )mparably. becaufe it and a bad began to It to weigh d we broke )r, though and left it we ftcered • five fmall and about I Jfles of Timor, Omba, and Pcntarc. ' 45^ is 'tis ufual in thefc Parts to do all the Night, fing- ^». ttiT ing and dancing till Morning. *-^''^^*-' We found a pretty ftrong Tide here, the Flood fetting to the fouthward, and the Ebb to the north- ward. Thefe Shoals, and many other that are not laid down in our Drafts, lie oh the South- Weft-fide of the Idands where we heard the Drum, about a League from them. At laft we paft between the Iflands, and tried for a Pafiage on the Eaft-fide. We met with divers Sholes on this fide alfo, but found Channels to pafs through ; fo we fteer'd away for the Ifiand Ttmor^ intending to pafs out by it. We had the Winds commonly atW.S. W. ahdS.W. hard Gales and rainy Weather. The 1 6th Day we got clear of the Shoals, and fteered S. by E. with the Wind at W. S.W. but veering every half Hour, fometimes at S. W. and then again at W. and fometimes at N. N. W. bring- ing much Rain, with Thunder and Lightning. The 20th Day we pafied by the Ifland Omha^ which is a pretty high Ifland, lying in Lat. 8d. 2om. and not above five or fix Leagues from the N. E. part of the Ifland lienor. It is about 13 or 14 Leagues long, and five or fix Leagues wide. About feven or eight Leagues to the Weft of Omba, is another pretty large Ifland, but it had no Name in our Plats -, yet by the Situation it ftiould be that which in fome Maps is called Pen tare. We faw on it abundance of Smoaks by Day, and Fires by Night, and a large Town on the North-fide of it, not far from the Sea ; but it was fuch bad Wea- 3ur. Thefcl ther that we did not go afliore. Between Ojnba and nut Trcei. ! Pentare, and in the mid Channel, there is a fmall hem, Tindl low fandy Ifland, with great Sholes on either fide ; got in a-l but there is a very good Channel clofe by Pentare^ ain till thcl between that and the Sholes about the fmall Ifle. )rum wercl We were three Days beating off and on, not havt ng merry,! ihg a Wind, for it was at South South Weft. asp The 4 to A difficult Taffagt. Timor and 9thetljles\ ^. 1^' The 23d Day in the Evening, having a fmall Gala i/VN/ at North, we got through, keeping clofe by Peti" tare. The Tide of Ebb here fct out to the South- ward, by which we were helped through, for we luid but little Wind. But this Tide, which did us a kindnefs in fetting us through, had like to have ruined us afterwards ; for there are two fmall Iflands lying at the South-end of the Channel we came through, and towards thefe Iflands the Tide hurried i» fo fwiftly, that we very narrowly efcaped being driven afhore ; for the little Wind we had before 9X North dying away, wc had not one breath of Wind when we came there, neither was there any Anchor-Ground. But we got out our Oars and rowed, yet all in vain ; for the Tide fet wholly on one of thefe fmall Iflands, that we were forced with might and main Strength to bear off the Ship, by thrufling with our Oars againft the Shore, which was a fteep Bank, and by this means we prefently drove away clear of Danger » and having a little Wind in the Night at North, we fteercd away S. S. W. In the Morning again we had the Wind at ^ W. S. W. and fleered S. and the Wind coming to the W. N. W. we fteered S. W. to get clear of the & W. end of the Ifland Timor, T,he 29th Day we ixff the N. W. point of Timor S. E. by E. dtftant about eight Leagues. Timor is a long high mountainous Ifland flretch^ ing N. E. and S. W, It is about 70 Leagues long, and 15 or 16 wide, the middle of the Ifland is m Lat. about 9 d. South I have been informed that the Portuguefi do trade to this Ifland 5 but I know no- thing of its produce befides Coire for making Cables, of which there is mention Chap. X. The 27th Day we faw two fmall Iflands which lie near the S. W. end of Timor, They bear from us S. E. We had very h^rd Gales pf Wind, and wc came A S&mI near Timor, paft with difficulty. 461 1 ftill with a great deal of Rain •, the "Wind at W. and <^»- «^87- lw.S.W. ^-OTN^ Being now clear of all the IHands, wc flood off I South, intending to touch at New-Holland, a part of ejicures there is plenty i but they are extraordinary. ihy>' . 4^4 ' ^^f Poof 'winking ^People of New- Holland. 'jLm, 1688. Hiy i though the Inhabitants cannot trouble them much having neither Boats nor Iron. The Inhabitants of this Country are the mifera- Weft People in the World. The tiodmadodi of Mo. mmatapa^ though a nafly People, yet for Wealth are Gentlemen to thefe ; who have no Houfes, and ikin Garments, Sheep, Poultry, and Fruits of the Earth, Oftrich Eggs, &c. as the Hodmadods have : And fetting afide their Humane Shape, they dlHcr but little from Brutes. They are tall, ftrait-bo- died, and thin, with fmall long Limbs. They have great Heads, round Foreheads, and great Brows. Their Eye-lids are always halfclofed, to keep the Flies out of their Eyes ; they being fo troublefome here, that no fanning will ke y them from comins to one's Face ; and without the AlTiftance of both Hands to keep them off, they will creep into ones Noftrils, and Mouth too, if the Lips are not ihut very clofc ; fo that from their Infancy being thus annoyed with thefe Infeifls, they do never open their Eyes as other People : And therefore they cannot fee far, unlefs they hold up their Heads, a) if they were looking at fomewhat over them. They have great Bottle-Nofes, pretty full Lips, and wide Mouths. The two Fore-teeth of their Up- per-jaw are wanting in all of them. Men and Wo- men, old and young ; whether they draw them out, I know not : Neither have they any Beards. They are long-vifaged, and of a very unpleafing Afpe6l, having no one graceful Feature in their Faces. Their Hair is black, fhort and curl*d, like that of the Negroes ; and not long and lank like the common Inatam, The Colour of their Skins, both of their Faces and the reft of their Body, is Coal-black, like that of the Negroes of Guinea, They have no fort of Cloaths, but a piece of the Rind of a Tree tied like a Girdle about theirWaiils, and a handful of long Grafs> or three pr four fmali green Lips, eir lip- id Wo- m out, They Afpcft, Their of the ommon if their ck, likcl of the Waifts, ir fmalll green Their living on fmall Fijb left agrounJ. \€s green Boughs full of Leaves, chruft under iheir Gir- ^^ >^<'' die, to cover their Nakednefs. w-*^-.*-* They have no Houfes, but lie in the open Air without any covering ; the Earth being their Bed« and the Heaven their Canopy. Whether they co- habit one Man to one Woman, or jpromifcuoufly, I know not ; but they do live in Companies, 20 ■ or 30 Men, Women, and Children toffether. Their only Food is a fmall fort of Fifh, which they gee by making Wares of Stone acrofs little Coves or Branches of the Sea ; every Tide bringing in the fmall Fifli, and there leaving them for a Prey to thefe People, who conftantly attend there to fearch for them at Low-water. This fmall Fry I take to' be the top of their Filhery : They have no Inftru- ments to catch great Fifh, fhould they come ; and fuch feldom day to be left behind at Low water : Nor could we catch any Filh with oar Hooks and Lines all the while we lay there. In other Places |at Low-water they feek for Cockles, Mufcles, and IPeriwincles : Of thefe Shell-fifh there are fewer ill i fo that their chiefeft dependance is upon what. he Sea leaves in their Wares •, which, be it much r little they gather up, and march to the Places f their Abode. There the old People that are lOt able to ftir abroad by reafon of their Age, and :he tender Infants, wait their return \ and whac 'rovidence has bellowed on them, they prefently roil on the Coals, and eat it in common. Some- itnes they get as many Fiih as makes them a plen- iful Banquet '» and at other times they fcarce gee ivery one a tafte : But be it little or much that they ;ec, every one has his part, as well the young and ender, the old and feeble, who are not able to go broad, as the ftrong and lufty. When they have ten they lie down till the next Low-water, and hen all that are able march our, be it Night or ay, rain or Ihine, 'tis all one *, they muft attend tha 2 Ware?, 4^6 Their Arms, How Indians get fire. '4n. 1688. Wares, or elfe they muft faft : For the Eahh affordi ^^^'^^'^ them no Food at all. There is neither Herb, Root, Pulfe nor any fort of Grain for them to eat, that we faw ; nor any fort of Bird or Beaft that they can catch, having no Inftruments wherewithal to do fo. I did not perceive that they did worfhip any thing. Thefe poor Creatures have a fort of Wea- pon to defend their "Ware, or fight with their Ene- mies, if they have any that will interfere with their poor Fifhery. They did at firft endeavour with their Weapons to frighten us, who lying afliore dc- terr*d them from one of their Fifhing-places. Some of them had wooden Swords, others had a fort of Lances. The Sword is a piece of Wood fliaped fomewhat, like a Cutlafs. The Lance is a long ftrait Pole fliarp at one end, and hardened after- wards by heat. I faw no Iron, nor any other fort of Metal ; therefore it is probable they ufe Stone- Hatchets, as fome Indians in America do, defcribd in Chap. IV. How they get their Fire I know not ; but pro- bably as Indians do, out of Wood. I have feen the! Indians of Bon-Air^ do it, and have my felf tried the Experiment : They take a flat piece of Woodj that is pretty foft, and make a fmall dent in one fide of it, then they take another hard round Stick,| about the bigncfs of one's little Finger, and fharpen< ing it at one end like a Pencil, they put that fharpl end in the hole or dent of the flat foft piece, and then rubbing or twirling the hard piece betweenj the Palms of their Hands, they drill the foft pieo till it fmoaks, and at laft takes Fire. Thefe People fpeak fomewhat thro' the Throat }| but we could not underftand one word that theyj faid. We anchored, as I faid before, Januavj thi 5th, and feeing Men walking on the Shore, vfi presently fenc a Canoa to get fome Acquaintan m with them: Provifion a ing our Boa We fearche< their Houlc; places where out of hope! no farther i fuch places come. In al old Wells on At laft w( we found a | lieve there w( and Children fhore, threati but they wer we iired purj fo fmall that they were mi cially the Wi reftly totheiJ fnatching up the little Chi ing; but the men, and fuel ftai by a Fire, been coming We did not inti ther i for they have no Boats, Canoas, or Bark-logs. They took up Four of them, and brought them aboard} two of them were middle-aged, the other two were young Men about 1 8 or 20 Years old. To thefe we gave boiled Rice, and with it Turtle and Manatee boiled. They did greedily devour what we gave them, but took no notice of the Ship, orl anyi any thing in again, they our firfl com them, or the liv'd on the R (landing on 1 with their S\v at us: Atlaf beaten, which vigour, purf They hearing could drive i they would cr^ Throat. Tho Main, would took feveral o ferved, they not fee us til always give th( but the lilandei mong them, c when we ha our Ship into tide, as far as Ihe was left drj half a Mile ; about five fathc and the Ebb S we lay wholly 1 near us by aboi fore time enoug we did very we Tent, where Strikers brougl Day, which wa While we la;, our Men to go [threatned to b Their Sbiemfs, The Tides her^. 4^9 any thing in ic» and when they were fee on Land dn. 16M' again, they ran away as faft as they could. At ~ our firft coming, before we were acquainted with them, or they with us, a Company of them who liv'd on the Main, came juft againft our Ship, and ftanding on a pretty high Bank, threatned us with their Swords and Lances, by fhaking them at us : At laft the Captain ordered the Drum to be beaten, which was done of a fudden with much vigour, purpofcly to fcare the poor Creatures. They hearing the noife, ran away as faft as they could drive *, and when they ran away in hafte, they would cry Gurry, Gurry, fpeaking deep in the Throat. Thofe Inhabitants alfo that live on the Main, would always run away from us j yet we ' took feveral of them. For, as I have already ob- ferved, they had fuch bad Eyes, that they could not fee us till we came clofe to them. We did always give them Vidbuals, and let them go again, but the Idanders, after our firft time ot being a- mong them, did i\ot ftir for us. When we had been here about a Week, we hal'd our Ship into a fmall fandy Cove, at a Spring- tide, as far as Ihe would float ; and at low Water ^ Ihe was left dry, and the Sand dry without us near half a Mile ; for the Sea rifeth and falleth here about five fathom. The Flood runs North by Eaft, and the Ebb South by Weft. All the Neep-tidcs we lay wholly a-ground, for the Sea did not come near us by about a hundred Yards. We had there- fore time enough to clean our Ships bottom, which we did very well. Moft of our Men lay afhore in a Tent, where our Sails were mending •, and our Strikers brought home Turtle and Manatee every Day, which was our conftant Food. While we lay here, 1 did endeavour to pcrfuade our Men to go to fome Englijh Faftory 5 but was threatned to be turned afhore, and left here for H h 2 it. 470 Theydejign for Cocosi and Cape Comorin.' 'An. i68»; it. This made me defift, and patiently wait fof ^^''''VNJ fome more convenient place and dpportunity to leave them, than here : Which I did hope I fhould accomplifli in a ihort time ; becaufe they did in- tend, when they .went from hence, to bear down towards Cape Comorin. In their way thither they designed alfo to vidt the Ifland Cocosy which lieth in Lat. izd. 12m. North,- by our Drafts; hoping there to find of that Fruit ; the lOand having its Name from thence. C H A f , Leaving Nc Cocos, a\ near it* . fifh, Coa Ifland Tri every Spn Ifland neat others, y. Nicobar-J; Name, j. Manners t They anch Soil, andf &c. The Bread. Th Form, Ha form of Re andCanoa^ thorprojeti and with h tugucfc, a% firft Rencoi common Ti Man-Eatei They buy a Achin J bti Having ret ttUt again f(t raic fof [lity to fhould did in- ,r down cr they lieth in hoping ving its 471. An, \6Zi' CHAR XVII. ST HAf Leaving Ncw-HoPand they pa ft by the IJland Cocos, and touch at another woody iJland. near it* A Land Animal like large Craw' fifb. ' Coco-Nuts, jioating in the Sea, The IJland Trifle bearing Cocoas, yet over-flown every Spring-tide. They anchor at a jmall Ifland near that of Naffaw. Ho^-Ifland, and others, A Troe taken belonging to Achin. ^'iQohzi- Ifland y and the reft called by that Name, Ambergreece, good and bad. The- Manners of the Inl ^bitants of thefe Iflands, They anchor at Nicobar-i^ Boat-load of ] and 4 the anchc you have 14 ] Sand. The 21ft D the nortiiwarc the Ifland Sumt theW.andS.i times Rains a Weather. The 25th D ing CO the no tra^ and a Ran Leagues off ii liland is the m< 40 m. North, ] with tall flour! Day. The 29th w( which we chafei not come up v being within j went into a Car afcoard. She w longing to Ad w was and into eafant Mefs IJle Kaffaw. Hogi^, &c. 'A^roe taken. 47f Mcfs enough. After we parted from T^rifie wc ^- "^ faw other fmall Iflands, that were alfo full of Coco- V/VNI nut Trees. The 19th Day, being in Lat. 3d. 25 m. S. the S. W, point of the Ifland Najfaw bore N. about five Mile dift. This is a pretty larse uninhabited Ifland } in Lat. 3 d. 20 m. S. and is fuU of high Trees. A- bout a Mile from the Ifland Najfaw there is a fmall Ifland full of Coco-nut Trees. There we anchored the 29th Day to replenifli our ftock of Coco-nuts» A RifF of Rocks lies almoft round this Ifland, fo that our Boats could not go afliore, nor come; aboard at low Water; yet we got aboard four Boat-load of Nuts. This Ifland is low like Trifie^ and 4 the anchoring is on the North-fide; where you have 14 Fathom, a Mile from ihore, clean Sand. - The 2ifl: Day we went from hence, and kept to , the northward, coafting flill on the Weft-fide of the Ifland Sumatra \ and having the Winds between the W. and S. S. W. with unfettled Weather ; fome- times Rains and Tornadoes, and fometimes fair Weather. The 25th Day we crofl: the Equator, ftill coaft- ing CO the northward, between the Ifland Suma^ tra^ and a Range of fmall Iflands, lying 14 or 15 Leagues gfF it. Amongfl: all thefe Iflands, Hag- Ifland is the moft confiderable. It lies in Lat. 3 d. 40 m. North. It is pretty high even Land, cloathed with tall flourifhing Trees; wepaft it by the 2$th Day. The 29th we faw a Sail to the North of us, which we chafed : but it being little Wind, we did not come up with her till the 30th Day. Then, being within a League of her. Captain Read went into a Canoa and took her, and brought her aboard. She was a Proc with four Men in her» be- longing to Jcbhiy whithei: Ihe was bound. She came 47^ ^^' ^* ^oaft, Achin Harbour, 'Am.\iAt.ckmt from one of chcfe Coco^nilt I Hands that we i^V*NJ paft by, and was laden with Coco-outs, and Coco, nut Oil. Captain Read ordered his Men to take aboard all the Nuts, and as much of the Oil as he thought convenient, and then cut a hole in the bottom of the Proe, and turned her loofe, keeping the Men Prifoners. It was not for the Lucre of the Cargo, that Cap< tain Read took this Scat, but to hinder me and ibme others from going afliore *, for he knew that ytt were ready to make our efcapes, if an oppor- tunity prefented it fejf *, and he thought, that by his abuting and robbing the Natives, we (hould be afraid to truft our felves among them. But yec this proceeding of his turned to our great advan- tage, as Aiall be declared hereafter. May the ift, we ran down by the North- Weft- end of the IGand Sumatra^ within feven or eight Leagues of theihore. All this Weft-fide of Sumatra which we thus coafled along, our Engli/hmen at Fort St. George^ call the Weft-Coaji (imply, without adding the name of Sumatra, The Prifoners who were taken the Day before fhewed us the Iflands that lie off of Achin Harbour, and the Channels through which Ships go in ; and told us alfo that there was an Englijh Faftory at Achin, I wiih*d my felf there, but was forced to wait with patience till my time was come. We were now directing our courfe towards the Nicobar Iflands, intending there to clean the Ship's Bottom, in order to make her fail well. The 4th Day in the evening, we had %ht of one of the Nicobar Iflands. The fouthermoft of them lies about 40 Leagues N. N. W. from the N. W. end of the Ifland Sumatra, This moft foutherly of them is Nicobar it felf, but all the Clutter of Iflands lying South of the Audeman Iflands are called by our Seamen the Nicobar Iflands. Thd The Inhal Converfe wii them, they ^ offer their C of what Nat alike to the Ambergreeci Ambersrf( diam of tnef alfo know h a certain M bought fuch tain fVeldon a thefe Iflands, lay ; and I ii that one of h good, having verv good am At that Ifl were two Fry One of them the other rem with Captain ■ the Inhabitan ytry honeft, were not addi deri Thatth and Wife, < changing till £ were punftua Bargains; An the Chriftian terwards from who told me a Letter froni away from the The 5th Da fide of the M; of one f them W. endl criy of Iflands led by The Nicobar Ifiansi, Ambergte^ee. 477 The Inhabitants of thcfc Iflands have no certain ^l*^^ Converfe with any Nation ( but as Ships pafs by them, they will come aboard in their Proes, and offer their Commodities to Sale, never inquiring of what Nation they are } for all white People are alike to them. Their chiefeft Commodities are Ambergreece and Fruits. Ambersreece is often found by the Native /«• diam of tnefe Iflands, who know it very well ; as alfo know how to cheat ignorant Strangers witl| a certain Mixture like it. Several of our Men bought fuch of them for a fmall Purchafe. Cap- tain fVeldoH alfo about this time touched at fome of thefe Iflands, to the North of the Ifland where we lay } and I faw a great deal of fuch Ambergreece* that one of his Men bought there *, but it was noc good, having no fmell at all. Yet I faw fome there very good and fragant. At that Ifland where Captain Welddn was, there were two Fryars fent thither to convert the Ittdians, One of them came away with Captain Weldon ^ the other remained there ftill. He that came away with Captain Weldon gave a very good Character of the Inhabitants of that Ifland, viz, that they were very honefl:, civil, harmlefs People 5 That they were not addicted to Quarrelling, Theft, or Mur- der i That they did marry, or at leaft live as Man and Wife, one Man with one "Woman, never changing till Death made the Separation \ That they were punAual and honeft in performing their Bargains ; And that they were inclined to receive the Chriftian Religion. This Relation I had af- terwards from the Mouth of a Prieft at Tonqueen^ who told me that he received this Information by a Letter from the Fryar that Capt, fVeldon brought away from thence. But to proceed. The 5th Day of May we ran down on the Weft- fide of the Ifland Nicobar^ properly fo called, and anchored 47 • Nicobar-^. The Mehfy Tree and Fruit: '^•^1688. anchored at the N. W. end of it, in a fmall Bay, in eight Fathom Water, not half a Mile from the Shore. The Body of this Ifland is in 7 d. 30 m. North Lat. It is about 1 2 Leagues long, and 3 or 4 broad. The South-end of it is pretty high, .with fteep Cliffs againfl; the Sea *, the reft of the IHand is low. Bat, and even. The Mold of it is black, and deep •, and it is very well watered with fmall running Streams. It prodqceth abundance of tall Trees, nt for any ufes ', for the whole bulk of it feems to be but one entire Grove. But that which adds mod: to its Beauty off at Sea, are the many Spots of Coco-nut Tr^es which grow round it in every fmall Bay. The Bays are half a Mile, or a Mile long, more or lefs \ and thefe Bays are intercepted, or divided from each other, with as many little rocky Points of Wood-land. . As the Coco-nut Trees do thus grow in Groves, fronting to the Sea, in the Bays, fo there is another fort 01 Fruit-Trees in the Bays, bordering on the back-fidc of the Coco-Trees, farther from the Sea. ft is called by the Natives, a Melory-Tree. This Tree is as big as our large Apple- Trees, and as high. It hath Mackifh Rind, £^nd a pretty broad Leaf, The Fruit is as bjg as the Bread-fruit at Guam^ de- fcribed jn Chapter X. or a large Penny- Loaf. It is fhaped like a Pear, and hath a pretty tough fmooth Rind, of a light green Colour. The infide of the Fruit is in Subflance miuch like an Apple it but full of fmall Strings, as big as a brown Thread. I did never fee of thefe Trees any where but here. The Natives of this Ifland are tall well-limb'd Men } pretty long vifaged, with black Eves •, their Nofes middle proportioned, and the wnple Sym- metry of their Faces agreeing very well. Their Hair is black and lank, and their Skins of a dark Copper-colour. The Women have 9,0 Haii: on ' • ' their imb'd their Sym- Th?u: dark ir: otx their TJbfi Natives i their LanguagiiHoufist ^c. 470 their Eye-brows. I do believe it is pluck'd up by ^^- •*••• the Roots } for the Men had Hair growing on their ^'^^TSi Eye -brows, as other People. The Men go all naked, fave only a long narrow piece of Cloath, or Safh, which goin^ round their Waftes, and thence down between their Thighs, is brought up behind, and tuck'd in at that part which goes about the Waftc. The Women have a kind of a fhort Petticoat reaching from their Wafte to their Knees. Their Language was different from any that I had ever heard before; yet they had fome few Malayan words, and fome of them had a word or two of Portuguefe\ which probably they might learn aboard of their Ships, pafTing by this place : for \» hen thefe Men fee a Sail, they d6 prefently go aboard of them in their Canoas. I did not per- ceive any Form of Religion that they had ; tney had neither Temple, nor Idol, nor any manner of outward veneration to any Deity, that I did fee. They inhabit all round the Ifland by the Sea- fide, in the Bays \ there being four or five Houfes* more or lefs, in each Bay. Their Houfes are built on Polls, 2i& l\it Mindanayans 2iXt, They are fmall, low, and of a fquare form. Th^re is but one Room in each Houfe, and this Room is about eight Foot from the Ground ; and from thence the Roof is raifed about eight Foot higher But inftead of a fharp ridge, the top is exceeding neatly arched with fmall Rafters about the bignefs of a Man's Arm, bent round like a Half-Moon, and very curioufly thatch'd with Palmeto-leaves. They live under no Government that I could perceive ; for they feem to be equal, without any ciiftinftion 1 every Man ruling in his own Houlc. Their Plantations are only thbfe Coco-nut Trees which grow by the Sea-fide ; there being no cleared Land farther in on tiie Ifland : for I obferv'd that when 4io Their drfffit^ their Mdory. Tbeht Caneai. .^1688. when paft the Fruit-Trees, there were no Path* to be feen going into the Woods. The greateft ufe which they make of their Coco-Trees is todra^ Toddy from thetn, of which they are very fond. The Mclory Trees feem to grow wild \ they have great earthen Pots to boil the Mdory Fruit in, which will hold 12 or 14 Gallons. Thefe Pots they fill with the Fruit \ and putting in a little Water, they cover the Mouth of the Pot with Leaves, to keep the fteem while it boils. When the Fruit is foft they peel off the Rind, and fcrape the Pulp from the (brings with a flat ftick made like a Knife ; and then make it up in great lumps, as big as a HoUand Cheefe ; and then it will keep fix or feven Days. It looks yellow, andtaftes well, and is their chiefeft Food: For they have no Yams, Potatoes, Rice, nor Plantains (except a very few i^ yet they have a few fmall Hogs, and a very few Cocks and Hens like ours. The Men imploy themfelves in Fifhing •, but I did not fee much Fifh that they goc : Every Houfe hath at leaft two or thr^e Canoas belonging to it, which they draw up aihore. The Canoas that they go a fifhing in are fharp at both ends ; and both the fides and the bottom are very thin and fmooth. They are fhaped fome* what like the Proes at Guam^ with one fide flattifh, and the other with a pretty big belly *, and they l^ive fmall (light Outlagers on one fide. Being thus thin and light they are better managed with Oars than with Sails : Yet they fail well enough, and are fleered with a Paddle. There commonly go 20 or 30 Men in one of thefe Canoas *, and fel* dom fewer than 9 or 10. Their Oars are fhort, and they do not paddle but row with them as we do. The Benches tliey fit on when they row are made of fplic Bamboes, laid a-crols, and fo near together, that they look like a Deck. The Bam- boes lie moveable \ fo that when any go in to row they The Am they take u would fit ; a Legs. The Iflands were they were a difierence at hither while ' But to pro before, the 5 ing, when ^ Read immed: Ship in orde Day and the i they intende< Winds being hopes to get < ihifted. Oth difficult for h ly Monfoon v I thought n by getting lei feemed not vc I had no real being a place our CrwW no one reafon tha at this particu tunity of leav ways intend t had here aUb Trade for Am gaining a conf a fhort time I and by accufh the Proes or C felf to their C Hiould havefei and have kno' 9di, chs to ft ufe idratr u thejr Fruit ePots little c with When fcrape delike as big r fcven is their >tatoes, sy have dHem ilhingi Every onging row are 1 fo near Batn* to rev/ they TJbe Author's Reafons for flaying here. 48 1 they take up a Bambo in the place where they •^'■- i^B8. would fit ; and lay it by to make room for their ^"^''*^ Legs. The Canoas of thofe of the reft of thefe Iflands were like thofe of Nicobar : and probably they were alike in other things •» for we faw no difference at all in the Natives of them, who came hither while we were here. But to proceed with our Affairs: It was, as I faid before, the 5th Day of May, about 10 in the Morn- ing, when we anchored at this Ifland: Captain Read immediately ordered his Men to heel the Ship in order to clean her : which was done this Day and the next. All the Water- Veffels were fill'd they intended to go to Sea at Night : for tht Winds being yet at N. N. £. the Captain was in hopes to get over to Cape Comorin before the Wini ihifted. Otherwife it would have been fomewhat difficult for him to get thither, becaufe the wefter- ly Monfoon was not at hand. I thought now was my time to make my Efcape, by getting leave, if po0ible, to ftay here : for it feemed not very feazaole to do it by ilealth ; and I had no reafon to defpair of getting leave : this being a place where my ftay could, probably, do our Crew no harm, mould I defign it* Indeed one reafon that put me on the thoughts of ftaying at this particular place, befides the prefent oppor- tunity of leaving Captain Read, which I did al- ways intend to do alToon as I could, was that I had here alfb a profpedb of advancing a profitable Trade for Ambergreece with thefe People, and of gaining a confiderable Fortune to my felf : For in a (horc time I might have learned their Language, and by accuftoming my felf to row with them in the Proes or Canoas, efpecially by conforming my felf to their Cuftoms and Manners of Living, I fliould have feen how they got their Ambergreece, and have known what quantities they get, and 2 the 4^1 The Author leaves the Ship andgoes afljore, '^n. .1688. the time of the Year when mofl is found. And then afterwards I thought it would be eade for me to have tranfported my felf from thence, ei- ther in fome Ship that pad this way, whether Mnglijhy Dutch, or Portuguefe ; or elfe to have gotten one of the Young. Men of the liland, to have gone with me in one of their Canoas to Achin ; and there ^to have furnifhed my felf with fuch Commodities, as I found moft coveted by them -, and therewith, at my return, to have bought their Ambergreecc. I had, till this time, made no open fliow of go- ing afhore here : but now, the Water being fill d, ^nd the Ship in a readinefs to fail, I deiired Cap- tain Read to fet me afhore on ihis Idand. He, fup- pofing that I could not go afhore in a place lefs lirequented by Ships than this, gave me leave: which probably he would have refufed to have done, if he thought I fhould have gotten from hence in any fhort time ; for fear of my giving an ^account of him to the Englijh or Dutch, I foon got up my Chefl and Bedding, and immediately got fome to row me afhore; for fear left his mind ihoLild change again. The Canoa tliat brought me afhore, landed n\c on a fmall fandy Bay, where there were two Houfcs, but no Perfon in them. For the Inhabitants were removed to fome other Houfe, probably,, for fear of usj becaufe the Ship was clofe by: and yet both Men and Women came aboard the Ship without any fign of fear. When our Ship?s Canoa was going aboard again, they met the Owner of the tloufes coming alhore in his Boat. He made a great many figns to them to fetch me off again : but they would not underftand him. Then he came to me, and offered his Boat to carry me off: but I refufed it. Then he made figns for me to go up into the Houfe, and, according as I did under- itand him by his figns, and a few Malayan wordsl iha;| d Cap- j, fup- ice lefs leave : > have 1 from 7'ing an )on got ply, got mind led me -loufcs, ,;s wercl "or fear nd yet Ship Canoa vner of made a again len he ne off: e to go under- / words TJ^ Author goes afborel 48 j that he ufcd, he intimated that fomewhat would -*». 1688. come out of the Woods in the Night, when I was ^OT^ afleep, and kill me, meaning probably fome wild Beaft. Then I carried my Chcft and Cloaths up in- to the Houfe. I had not been afhore an Hour before Captain feat and one John Damarely with three or four armed Men more, came to fetch me aboard again. They need not have fent an armed Pojfg for me ; for had they but fent the Cabbin-boy afhore for me, I would not have denied going abc?rd. For tho' I could have hid my felf in the Woods, yet then they would hav- abufcd, or have killed fome of the Natives, purpofely to incenfe them againft me. I told them therefore that I was ready to go with them, and went aboard with all my Things. When I came aboard I found the Ship in an up^ roar ; for there were three Men more, who taking Courage by my Example, delired leave air<'> ro ac- company me. One of them was the Surgeon Mr. Coppinger^ riie other was Mr. Robert Hall, and one named Amorofe ; I have forgot his Sirname. Thefe Men had always harboured the fame Dciigns as I had. The two laft were not much oppofcd \ but Captain Read &nd his Crew would not part with the Surgeon. At laft the Surgeon leapt into the Canoa, and taking up my Gun, fworc he would go afliore, and that if any IvUn did oppofe ir; he would (hoot him : But John Oliver, who was then Quarter-mafter, leapt into the Canoa, taking hold of him, took away the Gun, and with the Help of two or three more, they dragged him a^ain into the Ship. . .^l-'^. Then Mr. Hall and Amhrofe and I were iagain fent afhore i and one of the Men that rowed us afhore flole an Ax, and gave it to u^, knowing it a good Commodity with the Jn}iians. It was was now dark, therefore we lighted a Candle, and I V o L. I. I i being 4 84 Others fet afhore with him, 'An. 1 688 being the oldcft Standcr in our new Country, con- ^^"^V*^ dudted them into one of the Houfcs, where we did prefently hang up our Hammocks. We had fcarce done this before the Canoa came alhore again, and brought the four Malayan Men belonging to Ach'w., ( which we took in the Proe we took off of Sumatra) and the Portuguefe that came to our Ship ou'' of the Siam Jonk at Ptilo Condor e : The Crew having no occafion for thefe, being leaving the Malayan Parts, where the Portuguefe Spark ferved as an Interpreter^; and not fearing now that the Achinefe could be fer- viceable to us in bringing us over to their Country, forty Leagues off; nor imagining that we durft make fuch an Attempt, as indeed it was a bold one. Now we were Men enough to defend our felves againft the Natives of this Ifland, if they ihould prove our Enemies : though if none of thefe Men had come alhore to me, I Ihould not have feared any Danger: Nay, perhaps lefs, becaufe I ihould have bee:i cautious of giving any Offence to the Natives. And I am of the Opinion, that there are no People in the World fo barbarous is to kill a lingle Perfon that falls accidentally into their Hands, or comes to live among them ; except they have be- fore been injured, by fome Outrage or Violence committed againft them. Yet even then, or after- wards, if a Man could but preferve his Life from their firft Rage, and come to tr^'at with them, f which is the hardeft thing, becaufe their way is ufually to abfcond, and rufhing fuddenly upon their Enemy to kill hl.n at unawares ) one might, by fome flight, infmuate one's felf into their Favours again ; cTpe- cialiy by fhewing fome Toy or Knack that they did never fee before : which any European, that has feen the World, might foon contrive to amufe them withal: as might bedcme, generally even with a lit- Fire ftruck Vtith a Flint and Steel. As Of t As for th< Man-eaters, pie: All Ni have feen or live on, eith grow natura Fifh and L People of i\ Penury ) anc eat him. I J formerly hav their Enemiej much talked c ^ica. I am a i been cuftoma they facrifice ihould eat th< remptory in Compafs of n of there Cann them have be( \Weft. Indies. } poor Florida 1 to be civil en< heard of the / Ifles of Cannil Ivery civilly wi done fo with u endeavoured t Uoes, and have Ifland Santa U hies fucceflivel' even the Ifland ravaged by the |ftill lies ivafte 's being too nej 'ific it every If '^n right, by As Of the Reports about Cannibals. 485 As for the common Opinion of Anthropophagi^ or An. 1688.' Man-eaters, I did never meet with any fuch Peo- v^V*^ pie : All Nations or Families in the World, that I have fecn or heard of, having fome fort of Food to live on, either Fruit, Grain, Pulfe or Roots, which grow naturally, or elfe planted by them *, if not Fifh and Land- Animals befides ; ( yea, even the People of New-Holland had Fifh amidft all their penury ) and would fcarce kill a Man purpofely to eat him. I know not what barbarous Cuiloms may formerly have been in the World ; and to facrifice their Enemies to their Gods, is a thing hath been much talked of, with Relation to the Savages of Ame- rica. I am a Stranger to that alfo, if it be, or have been cuftomary in any Nation there ; and yet, if they facrifice their Enemies, it is not neceflary they (hould eat them too. After all, I will not be pe- remptory in the Negative, but I fpeak as to the Compafs of my own Knowledge, and know fome of the^e Cannibal Stories to be falfe, and many of I them have been difproved fince I firft went to the Weft-Indies. At that time how barbarous were the poor Florida Indians accounted, which now we find to be civil enough? What ft range Stories have we heard of the Indians^ whofe Iflands were called the Ides of Cannibals ? Yet we, find that they do trade very civilly with the French and Spaniards ; and have done fo with us. I do own that they have former Fy lendeavoured to deftroy our Plantations at Barha- Uoes^ and have fince hindred us from fettling in the llfland Santa Loca by deftroy ing two or three Colo- Inies fuccefllvely of thofe that were fettled there ; and levcn the Ifland Tahago has been often annoyed and [ravaged by them, when fettled by the Dutch., and |ftill lies Tvafte ( though a delicate fruitful Ifland ) IS being too near the Caribbees on rhe Continent, who nfic it every Year. But this was to preferve their )v/n right, by endeavouring to keep out any tha; I i 2 would 4'^ The Ship depart $t and leaves them, ■4k. i68S. would fettle themfelves on thofe Iflands, where t/W they had planted themfelves ; yet even thefc Peo- ple would not hurt a fingle Perfon, as I have been told by fome that have been Prifoners among them. I could inftancs^ alfo in the Indians of Bocca Tore^ and Boc€s Drago, and many other Places where they do live, as the Spaniards call it, wild and lavage : yet there they have been familiar with Privateers, but by Abufes have withdrawn their Friendfhip agaii^ As for thefc Nicobar People, I found them affable enough, and therefore I did not fear them i but I did not much care whether I had gotten any more Company or no. But however I was very well fatisfied, and the rather, becaufe we were now Men enough to row our felves over to the lOand Sumatra ; and accord- ingly we prefently confulted how to purchafe a Ca- noa of the Natives. It was a fine clear Moon-light Night, in which we were left afliore. Therefore we walked on the fandv Bay to watch when the Ship would weigh and be gone, not thinking our felves fecure in our new-gotten Liberty till then. About Eleven or Twelve a-Clock we faw her under Sail, and then wc returned to our Chamber, and fo to fleep. This was the 6th of May, The next Morning betimes, our Landlord, with four or five of his Friends, came to fee his new Guefts, and was fomewhat furprized to fee fo many of us, for he knew of no more but my felf. Yet he fcemed to be very well plcafed, and entertain'dj us with a large Calabalh of Toddy , which he brought with him. Before he went away again, ( for whercfoever we came they left their Houfesl to us, but whether out of Fear or Superftirion l| know not ) we bought a Canoa of him for an Ax,| and we did prefently put our Chefts and Cloaths ml They fi in it, defign and lye thej expefted ev( When oui Acbinefe ent( launched off off, but o\it preferved ou draggM alfo our things w tnj Journal taking, whid therto carefu another Carj now like to Chefts and toi ado, wc dki a that lay loofe We lay her Fires to dry time fixt our and they alfo fubftantial Sa The Cano: Books and CI time, and rOM leaving many dians of the li Ca^asagainfl Men would ir the Ifland we what rates we we came, whic for the Ship's (as fhey fcWo Men might b( bargain, The MS, JV^r„ HaH m They fet cut in a Boat, and coafi along. 447 in it, defigning to go to the South-end of the Wand, ^^JJjJJ' and lye there till the Monfooti ihifted, which we expcdted every Day. When our Things were (lowed away, we with the Acbinefe entered with Joy into our new Frigot, and launched off from the Shore. We were no fooner off, but oUl- Canao overfet, bottom upwards. We preferved our Lives well enough by fwimming, and dragg'd alfo our Chefts and Cfoaths afhore } but all our things were wet. I had nothing of value but my Journal and fome Drafts of Land of my own taxing, which 1 much prized, and which I had hi- therto carefully preferved. Mr. Hall had alfo fuch another Cargo of Books and Drafts, which were now like to perifh. But we prefently opened our Chefts aAd took out our Books, which, with much ado, wc did afterwards dry } but fome of our Drafts that lay loofe in our Chefts were fpoiled. We lay here afterwards three Days, making great Fires to dry our Books. The Acbinefe in the mcaa time &%x. our Canao, with Outlagers on each fide v and thejr alfo cut a good Maft for her, and made a fubftanttal Sail with Mats. The Canoa being now very well fixt, and our Books and Cloaths dry, we launched out a fecond time, and rowed towards the £aft-fideof the Ifland^ leaving many Iflands to the North of us. The /«• dians of the Ifland accompanied us with eight or ten CaMloas againft our defire ; for we thought that thefe Men would make Provifion dearer at that fide of the Ifland we were going to, by giving an account what rates we gave for it at the Place from whence we came, which was owing to the Ship's being there i for the Ship's Crew were not fo thrifty in bargaining (as Jhey fekioxn are^ as fingle Perfons, or a few Men might be apt to be, who would keep to one bargain, Therefore to hinder them from going with ijs, Mr- Hfilf fcarf^d i)ne Canoa's Crew by jiring a I 4 3 fhot 4'« Thty havePFar with the Nicobarians. ■^jj^- ihot over them. They all leapt over-board, and ^^»^ cried out, but feeing us row away, they got into their Canoa again and came after us. The firing of that Gun made all the Inhabitants of the Ifland to be our Enemies. For prcfently af. ter this we put alhore at a Bay where were four Houfes, and a great many Canoas : But they all went away, and came near us no more for feveral Days. We had then a great Loaf of Melory which was our conftant Food ; and if we had a mind to Coco-Nuts, or Toddy, our Malayans of Jcbin would climb the Trees, and fetch as many Nuts as we would have, and a good Pot of Toddy every Morning. Thus we lived till our Melory was al» moft fpent ; being dill in hopes that the Natives would come to us, and fell it as they had formerly done. But they came not to us •, nay, they oppofed us whcre-ever we came, and often Ihaking their Lances at us, made all the fhew of Hatred, that they could invent. At laft, when we faw that they ftood in Oppofi- tion to us, we refolved to ufe Force to get fome of their Food, if we could not get it other ways. With this Refolution we went into our Canoa to a fmall Bay on the North-part of the Ifland ; bec^ufe it was fmooth Water there and good landing ; but on the other fide, the Wind being yet on that Quat' ter, we could not land without Jeopardy of over" fetting our Cgnoa, and wetting our Arms, and then we muft have lain at the Mercy of our Enemies, who ftood 2 or 300 Men ip every Bay, where they faw us coming, to keep us off. When we fet out, we rowed direftly to the North- end, and prefently were followed by feven or eight of their Canoas. They keeping at a diftance, rowed away fafter thj^n we did, and got to the Bay before i^s •, and there, with about 20 more Canoas full of Men, they all landed, and flood to hinder us from . ' landing. North- • eight rowed before full of s from inding. But tome to an AgteerAent with them, 489 knding. But we rowed in, within a hundred Yards ^^ ^^iSS. of them. Then we lay ftill, and I took my Gun, ^XV^ and prefented at them ; at which they all fell down flat on the Ground. But I turn'd my felf about, and to (hew that we did not intend to harm them, I fired my Gun off towards the Sea ; fo that they might fee the Shot graze on the Water. As foon as my Gun was loaded again, we rowed gently in ; at which fome of them withdrew. The reft land- ing up, did ftill cut and hew the Air, making Signs of their Hatred j till I once more frighted them with my Gun, and difcharged it as before. Then more of them fneak'd away, 4caving only five or fix Men on the Bay, Then we rowed in again, and Mr. Hall taking his Sword in his Hand, ieapt aftiore ; and I flood ready with my Gun to fire at the Indians^ if they had injur'd him : But they did not ftir, till he came to them and falutcd them. He fhook them by the Hand, and by fuch Signs of Friendfhip as he made, the Peace was concluded, ratified and confirmed by all that were prefent: And others that were gone, were again call*d back, and they all very joyfully accepted of a Peace. This be- amc univerfal over all the Ifland, to the great joy of the Inhabitant^. There was no ringing of Bells nor Bonfires m*^ , for that is not the Cuftom here ; but Gladnefs appeared in their Countenances, for now they could go out and filh again, without fear of being taken. This Peace was not more welcome to them than :o us ; for now the Inhabitants brought there Melory again to us •, which we bought for old Rags, and fmall ftripes of Cloath, about as broad as the Palm of one's Hand. I did not fee above five or fix Hens, for they have but few on the Ifland. At fome places wc iaw fome I'mall Hogs, which we could have bought of them reafonably *, but we would not offend our /Ihhiefe Friends, who were Mahometans. I i 4 Wc 490 Thef dejignfof Achin with their Boat. jin. 1688. We ftayed here two or three Days and then row- WV\^ ed toward the South-end of the Ifland, keeping on the Eaft-fidc, and we were kindly received by the Natives where-evcr we came. When we arrived at the South-end of the Ifland, we fitted our felves with Mclory and Water. Wc bought three or four Loaves of Melory, and about twelve large Coco- nut-ihells, that had all the Kernel taken out, yet were preferved whole, except only a fmall hole at one end ; and all thefe held for us about three Gal« Ions and a half of Water. We bought alfo two or three Bamboes, that held about four or five Gallons more *: This was our Sea-ft«ire, Wc now defigned to go for yfcbiftf a Towji on the N. W. end of the Ifland Sumatra, diftant from hence about 40 Leagues, bearing South-South-Eaft. We only waited for the weftcrn Monfoon, which we had expeded a great while, and now it feemed to be at Hand > for the Clouds began to hang their Heads to the eailward, and arid moved gently that way ; and though the Wind was (till at Eaft, yet this was an infallible Sign that the weftcrn Mon- foon was nigh. / CHAP. » 1 . . . .■ 49« 'ji». i68f. C H A p. XVIII. The jfuthor, with fome others pttt to Sea in an open Boat, dejignitig for Achin. Their Ac- commodations for their Voyage. Change of Weather j a Halo about the Sun, and a vio- lent Storm, Their great danger and Diftrefs, Cudda, a Town and Harbour on the Qoaft cf Malacca. Palo Way. Golden Mountaia ffn the IJleofSum2tt2L : River and Town of JPaiTcnge-Jonca on Sumatra, near Diamond- point ; where they £0 afbore very fick, and are kindly entertained by the Oromkay, and In- habitants. They go thence to Achin. Tha Author is examined before the Shabander i and takes Thyjtck ^4 Malayan ^oEiar, His long Illnefs, He jets out towards Nicobaf again, but returns fuddenly to Achin RoaJ^ He makes feveral Voyages thence, to Ton- queen, to Malacca! to Fort St. George, and to Bencouli, an Englifh FaSiory on Sumatra. jln Account of the Ship's Crew whofet the Author afbore at Nicobar. Some go to Traiv gambar, a Danifl-i Fort on Coromandel; om fhers to Fort St. George; many to the Mo- gulV Camp. Of the Pcuns i dfid haw John Oliver made himfelf ^ Captain} Capt, Read, with the reji, having pluridered ^ rich Portu-? gucfc Ship near Ceylon, goes to Madagafcar^ and fbips himfelf off thence in a New- York. Sjhif^ Tke ^TraverJ'es of the rejl to Johanna,. '. ' ' ■ ,' &cl 49. t688' TJbe State of their littU VeffeL &c. Their Ship, the Cygnet $f London, no'-jD lies funk in AuguAin Bay at Madagafcar. Of Trince Jcoly the painted Man, whom the Author brought with him to England, dnd who died at Oxford. Of his Country the IJte of Mcangis j the Cloves there, &c. The Author is made Gunner of Bcncouli, but is forced to flip away from thence to come ft £ngland« iT was the 15th Day of^lf^v i688, about four a Clock in the Afternoon, when we left Nicohar ind, diredbing our Courfe towards Acbin, being eight Men of us in Company, viz. three Englijh^ four Malayans, who were born at /ichin, and the mungrel Portuguefe, Our Veflcl, the Nicohar Canoa, was not one of the biggefl:, nor of the leaft fize : She was much «bout the Burden of one of our Lo«//(7« V/herries be- low Bridge, and built (harp at both ends, like the fore-part of a Wherry. She w?.s -lee^er than a "Wherry, but not fo broad, and was io thin and light, that when empty, four Men could launch her, or hale her afhore on a fandy Bay. We had a good fubftantial Mad:, and a Mat Sail, and good Outlagers lafli'd very faft and firm on each fide the Veflel, being made of ftrong Poles. So that while thefe continued firm the Veflel could not overfct, which ihe would eafily iiave done withoui. them, and with them too had they not been made very ftrong 5 and we were therefore much beholding to our Achinefe Companions for this Contri- vance, Thefe Men were none of them fo fenfible of the Danger as Mr. Hall and my lelf, for they all con- fided fo much in us, that they did not fo much as fcruple any thing that wc did zpprovs of. Neither k 2 SHSii They proceed on their Voyage. 499 was Mr. Hall fo well provided as I was, for before •^» "6at. we left the Ship, I had purpofely confulced our Draft of the Eajt-hdieSy (for we had but one in tlie Ship) and out of that I had written in my Pocket- ' book an account of the bearing and diftancc of all the Malacca CoafV, and that of Sumatra^ Pmt, and Siamj and. alfo brought away with me a Pocket- Compafs for my Direction in any Enterprize that 1 1 (hould undertake. The Weather at our fetting out was very fair, clear and hot. The Wind was ftill at S. E. a very fmall Breeze, juft fanning the Air, and the Cloudg were moving gently from Weft to Eaft, which gave us hopes that the Winds were either at Weft already abroad at Sea, or would be fo in a very Ihort time. We took this Opportunity of fair Weather, being in hopes to ac( )mpHfh our Voyage to Acbitiy before the weftern Monioon was fet in ftrong, knowing that we ftiould have very bluftering Vveather after this fair Weather, efpecially at the firft coming of the weftern Monfoon. We rowed therefore away to the Southward, fuppofing that when we were clear from the Ifland we fliould have a true Wind, as we call it j for the Land hales the Wind •, and we often find the Wind at Sea different from what it is nrar the Shore. We rowed with four Oars, taking our turns : Mr, Hall and I fteered alfo by turns, for none of the reft were capable of it. We rowed the firft Afternoon, and the Night enfuing, about twelve Leagues by my Judgment. Our Courfe was South-South-Eaft ; but the 1 6th Day in the Morning, wlien the Sun was an Hour high, we faw the Ifland from whence we came, bearing N, W. by N. Therefore I found we had gone a point more to the Eaft than I intended, ^r which realbn we fteered S. by E. In 494^ Strong Currents, Uftcertain Weather, U*.i68f. In the Afternoon at 4 aClotky we had a gentle ■ '**'— 1 Breeze at W. S. W. which continued fo till nine, all which time we hid down our Oars, and fteered away S. S. E, I was then at the Helm, and I found by the ripling of the Sea, that there was a ftroag Current againft us.. It made a great noife that might be heard near half a Mile. At 9 a Clock h fell calm, and fo continued till ten. Then the Wind fprung up again, and blew a frefti Breeze all Height. The 17th Day in the Morning we lookt out for the Ifiand Sumatra^ fu|>pofing that we were now within ao Leagues of it \ for we had rowed and iailed, by our reckoning, 24 Leagues from Nicobar Ifland i »nd the diftance from mcobar to jicbin is ;iboot 4p Leagues. But we lookt in vain for the IHand Sumatra ; for turning our felves about, we iaw, to our Grief, Nicohar Ifland lying W. N. W. and not ^bove eight Leagues diftant. By this it was vifible, that we had met a very ftrong Current againft us in the Night. But the Wind frcfhned on us, and we made the belt ufe of it while the Wea- ther continued fair. At Noon we had an Obferva-. tion of the Sun, my lat. was 6d. 55 m. and Mr, fiall*^ was 7 d. N. The 1 8 th Day the Wind frcfhned on us again, and the Sky began to be clodded. It was indifferent clear till Noon, and we thought to have had an Ob- ^rvation ; but we were hindered by the Clouds that covered the Face of the Sun, when it came on the Meridian. This often happens that we jjre difap- pointed of making Obfervations, by the Sun's be- ing clouded at Noon, though it Ihines clear both before and after, efpecially in Places near the Son \ and this obfcuring of the Sun at Noon, is common- ly fudden and unexpedted, and for about h^lf an Hour or more. Wd A Halo ahmt the Sun. A St9rnL 49^ Wp Wc had then alfo a very ill Prcfage, by a great ^*!i5^ Circle about the Sun ( five or fix times the Diameter ' '^ ' of it J which feldom appears, but dorms of Wind, or much Rain enfiie. Such Circles about the Moon are more frequent, but of lefs import. We do com- monly take grcftt notice of thefe that are about the Sun, obferving if there be any Breach in the Cir^ cle, and in what Quarter the Breach is } for from thence we commonly find the greateft Strefs of the Wind will come. I muft confefs that I was a little aiixious at the fight of this Circle, and wifh'd hearti- ly that we were near fome Land. Yet I fiiewed no fi^n of it to difcourage any Conforts, but made a Virtue of Necefllty, and put a good Countenance on the Matter. I told Mr. HalU that if the Wind became too flrong and violent, a^ I feared it would, it being even then very ^rong, we mud of neceffity fi:cer a- way before the Wind and Sea, till better Weathct prefented ; and that as the Winds were now, we ihould, infiicad of about twenty Leagues to Jchin^ be driven fixty or feventy Leagues to the Coaft of Cudda or ^eda^ a Kingdom, and Town, and Har* hour of Trade on the Coaft of Malacca. The Winds therefore bearing very hard, we rolled up the Foot of our Sail on a Pole faftned to it, and fettled our Yard within three Foot of the Canoa' fides, fo that we had now but a fmall Sail » yet it was ftill too big, confidering the Wind *, for the Wind being on our Broad-fide, preft her down very much, though fuppoi ted by her Onclagers *, in^^ fomuch ti>at the Poles of the Outlagers going from the Sides of their Velfel, bent as if they vould break; and (hould they have broken, our over- turning and perifiiing had been inevitable. Befides, the Sea encrcafing, would foon have filled the Vcf- fel this way. Yet thus we made a fliift to bear up with the fide of the VeflTcl againft the Wind for a ■v^^ile: 496 The Storm and their danger encreajes. '-(i». 1688. while: But the Wind ftill increafing, about One a- ^^V^' Clock in the Afternoon we put away right before "Windand Sea, continuing to run thus all the Af- ternoon , and part of the Night enfuing. The Wind continued increafing all the Afternoon, and the Sea ftill fwelled higher, and often broke, but did us no damage *, for the Ends of the Veffel be- ing very narrow, he that fteered received and broke the Sea on his Back, and fo kept it from coming in fo much as to endanger the Veffel: Though much Water would come in, which we were forced to keep heaving out continually. And by this time we faw it was well that we had alte- red our Courfe, every Wave would elfc have fil- led and funk us, taking the fide of the Veffel : And though our Outlagers were well lafli'd down to the Canoas Bottom with Rattans, yet they muft proba- bly have yielded to fuch a Sea as this ; when even before they were plunged under Water, and bent like Twigs. The Evening of this i8th Day was verydifmal. The Sky look*d very black, being covered with dark Clouds, the Wind blew hard, and the Seas ran high. The Sea was already roaring in a white Foam about us ; a dark Night coming on, and no Land in fight to fhelter us, and our little Ark in danger to be fwallowed by every Wave \ and, what was worft of all, npne of us thought our felves prepared for another World. The Reader may better guefs than I can exprefs, the Confufion that we were all in. I had been in many immi- nent Dangers before now, fome of which I have al- ready related, but the worft of them all was but a Play-game in comparifon with this. I muft confefs that I was in great Conflidts of Mind at this time. Other Dangers came not upon me with fuch a lei- furely and dreadful Solemnity. A fudden Skirmifh or Engagen^enr, or fo, was nothing when one's Blood thefe I return The Author's Conflernation. 497 s. Onea- before ic Af. The m, and :e, but ffcl bc- d and it from Vcffel : lich we . And id alte- avc fil- 1: And 1 to the ; proba- ;n even ind bene ' difmal. ed with he Seas g in a ing on, r little Wave } :honght Reada infufion immi- lave al- ls but a confefs lis time. Ih a lei- Ikirmifh one's Blood Blood was up, and puflied forwards with eager Ex- ^^' »^8g. peftations. But here I had a lingring View of ap- ''^'^^'^^ Iproaching Death, and little or no hope;^ of efcaping it J and I muft confefs thait my Courage, which T had hitherto kept up, failed me here *, and I made very fad Reflections on my former Life, and looked back with Horrour and Detellation on Anions which before I difliked, but now I trembled at the re- membrance of. I had long before this repented me of that roving Courfe of Life, but never with fuch Concern as now. I did alfo call to mind the many- miraculous Afls of God's Providence to\Tards me in the whole Courfe of my Life, of vHiich kind I be- lieve few Men have met with the like. For aH thefe I returned Thanks in a peculiar Manner, and Ithis once more defired God's Affiftance, and com- Ipofed my Mind as well as I could in the Hopes of lie, and as the Event fhew'd, I was not difappointed |of my Hopes. Submitting our felves therefore to God's good IProvidence, and taking all the Care we could to jpreferve our Lives, Mr. Hall and I took turns to llteer, and the reft took turns to heave out the Water, Ljid thus we provided to fpend the moft doleful iNight I ever was in. About Ten a-Clock it began |to thunder, lighten and rain ■, but the Rain was pery welcome to us, having drank up all the Water ve brought from the IHand. The Wind at firft blew harder than before^ |)Ut within half an Hour it abated , and became ^ore moderate; and the Sea alfo affuaged of its Fury i and then by a lighted Match, of -.vhich we JLept a Piece burning on purpofe, we looked oa pur Compafs, to fee how we fteered, and found lur Courfe to be ftill Eaft. We had no occafion |o look on the Compafs before, for we fteered ]ight before the Wind, which if it fhifted we had 49 1 Hard Rains. They fit Land, 1688. had been obliged to have altered our Courfe accord-j ^^VV^ ingly. But now it being abated, we found our Vef- fel lively enough with that fmall Sail which wasthei aboard, to hale to our former Courfe S. S. £. whici accordingly we did, being now in hopes again togei to the Ifland Sumatra. But about Two a-Clock in the Morning of thi 19th Day, we had another Guft of Wind, with mucl Thunder, Lightning and Rain, which laded til. Day, and obliged us to put before the Wind again fteering thus for feveral Hours. It was very dark and the hard Rain foaked us fo thoroughly, that had not one dry Thread about us. The Rain chill' US extreamly ; for any frcfh Water is much coldei than that of the Sea. For even in the coldeft Cli mates the Sea is warm, and in the hotted Climat the Rain is cold and unwholfome for Man's Body] In this wet ftarveling Plight we fpent the tedioui Night. Never did poor Mariners on a Lee-lhori more earneftly long for the dawning Light than wi did now. At length the Day appeared \ but wit! fuch dark black Clouds near the Horizon, that thi firft Glimpfe of the Dawn appeared 30 or 40 D grecs high ; which was dreadful enough ; for it is common Saying among Seamen, and true, aslhavj experienc'd, tbat2i high Dawn will h^v^highH^m and a low Dawn fmall H^nds, We continued our Courfe ftill Eaft, before Win and Sea, till about Eight a-Clock in the Morning this I9ch Day ; and then one of our Malayan Fri^m cried out, Pulo fVay. Mr. Hall, and Amhrofe a I, thought the Fellow had faid Pull away^ an E: predion ufual among Englijh Seamen when the are rowing. And we wondered what he mcai by it, till we faw him point to his Conforts ; an then we looking that way, faw Land appcarin like an IQand, and all our Maylayans faid it was : ; , IdaiJ Ifland at th for Pulo W. dropping wl joyed at the ed its bearii dill at Weft 'To high as in fmall Sail nc it. Now ou gain, for alt Wind was ft very much : v/e could br< could not ha About N fuppofed Pui Night we fa^ the Errors 01 we fird faw was not Pul the Ifland Sui Mountain. < Clock at Nig it died away though all of and Hardfhi The next all the low L bbve eight L Morning we Gale, and ft( Clock in the River on the It is 34 Leag Leagues to tl with three Ar Our Mala' and carried VO L. I. An 499 1 688* are "Win orning n Fri^a ihrofs a , an E hen the le mcai >rts ; an ppcarinj ic was 3 IflM River and Town of Paflangc ]otici(ni Sumat'rii. Ifland at the N. W. end of Sumatra^ called Wa'j ; for Pulo JVay is the Ifland fVay. We, who were V/'W-I dropping with wet, cold and hungry^ were ail over- joyed at the Sight of the Land, and prefently mark- ed its bearing. It bore South, and the Wind was IWl at Weft, a ftrong Gale •- but the Sea did not r uii »fo high as in the Night. Therefore we trimmed our fmall Sail no bigger than an Apron, and fteered with it. Now our Outlagers did us a great Kindnefs a* gain, for although we had but a fmall Sail, yet the Wind was ftrong, and preft down our VefTers Side very much : But being fupported by the Outlagers, v/c could brook it well enough, which other wife wc could not have done. About Noon we faw more Land beneath the fuppofed Pulo Way ; and fteering towards it, before Night we faw all the Coaft of Sutnatray and found the Errors of our Achinefe \ for the high Land that ' we firft faw, which then appeared like an Ifland, was not Pulo JVay^ but a great high Mountain on the Ifland Sumatra^ called by the Englijh^ the Golden Mountain. Our Wind continued till about Seven a* Clock at Night ; then it abated, and at Ten a-Clock it died away : And then we ftuck to our Oars again, though all of lis quite tired with our former Fatigues and Hardfliips. The next Morning, being the 2oth Day, we faw all the low Land plain, and judged ourfefves not. a- bove eight Leagues off. About Eight a-Clock in the Morning we had the Wind again at Weft, a frefli Gale, and fteering in ftill for the Shore, at Five ■ a- Clock in the Afternoon we run to the Mouth of a River on the Ifland Sumatra, called Pajfange Jonca. It is 34 Leagues to the Eaftward of Acbin. and fix Leagues to the Weft of Diamond Pointy which makes with three Angles of a Rhombus, and is low Land. Our Malayans were very well acquainted here, and carried us to a fmall Fiftiing Village, within « Vol. I. Kk Mile 500 The Author* s kind Reception at Paflaugc Jonca. ^»j688.Mjie of the River's Mouth, called alfo by the Name ^'^^i^ cf the River Pajfange Jonca. The Hard/hips of this Voyage, with the fcorching Heat of the Sun at our firft felting out, and the cold Rain, and our conti- nuing wet /or the laft two Days, caft us all into Fevers, fo that now we were not able to help each other, nor fo much as to get our Canoa up fo the Village ; but our Malayans got forre of the Townfmen to bring her up. The News of our Arrival being noifed abroad, one of the Oramki*s, or Noblemen of the Ifland, came in the Night to fee us. "We were then lying in a fmall Hut at the end of the Town, and it being late, this Lord only viewed us, and having fpoken with our Malayans, went away again ; but he re- turned to us again the next Day, and provided a large Houfe for us to Ijve in, till we fliould be reco- vered of our Sichnefs, ordering the Towns-People to let us want for nothing. The Achinefe Malayans that came with us, told them all the Circum- ftanccs of our Voyage •, how they were taken by our Ship, and where, and how we that came with them were Prifoners aboard the Ship, and had been fet aftiore together at Nicobar, as they were. It was for this reafon probably, that the Gentlemen of Stt- matra were thus extraordinary kind to us, to provide every thing that we had need of ; nay, they would force us to accept of Prefents from them, that we knew not what to do with ; as young Buffaloes, Goats, ^c. for thefe we would turn loofe at Night, after the Gentlemen that gave them to us were gone, for we were prompted by our Achinefe Conforts to ac- cept of them, for fear of difobliging by our Refu- fal. But the Coco-Nuts, Plantains, Fowls, Eggs, Fifh, and Rice, we kept for our ufe. The Malayans that accompStnied Mi irom Nicobar, feparatcd thf m- felv^s /fom us now, living at one end of the Houfcj by themfelvcs, for they were Mahometans^ as all thoA; IS a!i tits SickneP.- ^^ 50t thofe of the Kingdom of Achin are j dnd though '"-J^^' during our Paflage by Sea together, we made then> ^^'^'^^ be contented to drink their "Water out of the fame Coco-fhell with us ; yet being now no longer under that Neceflity, they again took up their accuftomed Nicety and Refervednefs. They all lay fick, and as :I.cir Sicknefs increafcd, one of them threatned us, that if any of them died, the reft would kill us, for having brought them this Voyage ; yet I queftion whether they would have attempted, or the Country- People have fufFered it. We made a fliift to dreft our own Food, for none of thefe People, thougK they were very kind in giving us any thing that we wanted, would yet come near us, to affift us in dreffing our Vifluals : Nay, they woiild not touch any thing that we ufed. We had all Fevers, and therefore took turns to'drefs Vifluals, according as we had Strength to do it, or Stomachs to eat it. I found my Fever to increafe, and my Head fo diftem* pered, that I could fcarce ftahd, therefore I whet* ted and fliarpned my Penknife^ in order to Jet my felf Blood i but I could not, tor my Knife was too blunt. We ftayed here ten or twelve Days, in hopes to recover our Health, but finding no Amendment, we defired to go to Ahin. But we were delayed by the Natives, who had a defire to have kept Mr. Hall and my felf to fail in their VeflTeh to Malacca^ Cudda^ or to other Places whither they Trade. But finding us more defirous to be wit|i our Countrymen in our Factory at Achin^ they provided a large Proe to car- ry us thither, we not being able to manage our own Canoa. Befidcs, before this, three of our Malayan Comrades were gone very fick into the Country, and only one of them and the Pcrtuguefe remained with us, accompanying u,s to Achin^ and they both as fick as we. K k 2 It 501 His Arr*vnly and Examination tff Achin. 'jfif. 1688. It was the Beginning of June^ 1686, when we ^^^^^^ left Pajfange Jottca. "We had four Men to row, one to ileer, and u Gentleman of the Country, that went pyrpofely to give an Information to the Govern- ment of our Arrival. We were but three Days and Nights in our Pafliige, having Sea-breezes by t)ay, ^nd Land-winds by Night, and very fair "Wea- ther. When we arrived at Achin, I was carried before the Shchander, the chief Magiftrate in the City. One Mr. Dennis Dtifial, an Irifhinan^ and a Resi- dent there, in the Fadory which jiir Eaft-hdia Company had there then, was Interpreter. I be- ing weak, was fuffet*ed to ftand in the Sbehander\ PrefenCe: For it is th:ir cuftom to make Men fit on the Floor, as they do, crofs-legg'd like Taylors : But I had not ftrength then to pluck up my Heels in that manner. The Shebander asked of me fe- veral Quellions, efpecially how we durft adventure to come in a Canoa from the Nicohar IQands to Su- matra, r told him, that I had been accuftomed to Hardfliips and Hazards, therefore I did with much Freedom undertake it. He enquired alfo concern- ing our Ship, whence fhe came, ^c. I told him, from the South-Seas 'j that Ihe had ranged about the PJjilippine Iflands, fc?f . and was now gone to- wards Arabia, and the Red-Sea. The Malayans alfo and Portugttefe were afterwards examined, and con- firmed what I declared, and ii lefs tJian half an Hour 1 was difmift wiih Mr. Drifial, who then lived in the Engtijh Eaji-India Company's Faftory. Hd provided a Room for us to lie in, and fome "Vic- tuals. Three Days after oat Arrival here, bur Portuguefe died of a Fever. What became of our Mala^jans I know not : Ambrofc lived net long after, Mr. Hall aifc was (o weak., that I did not think he would recaver. ^-^vs^. He takes Thyjtck of a Malayan.' 505 recover. I was the beft ; but ftill very fick of a ^»-^i688» Fever , and little likely to live. Therefore Mr. ^^ Drifealj and fome other Englif/jmen, perfuaded me to take fome purging Phyfick of a Malayan Dodlor. I took their Advice, being willing to get Eafe: But after three Dofes, each a large Calabalh of nafty (tuff, finding no Amendment, 1 thought to defift from more Phyfick •, but was perfuaded to take one Dofe more-, wiiich I did, and it wrought fo vioiently, that I thought it would have ended my Days. I ftrugglcd till 1 had be^'n about twenty or thirty times at Stool : But it working fo quick with me, with little IntermifTion, and my Strength being al- moft fpent, I even threw my felf down once for nlj, and had ^bove fixty Stools in all before it left off working. I thought my Malayan Do6tor^ whom they fo much commended, would have killed me out-right. I continuted extraordinary weak for fome Days after his drenching me thus: But my Fever left me for above a Week : After which, it returned upon me again for a Twelve Month, and a Flux with it. However, when I was a little n,'covcred from the Effedlsof my Drench, I made a fhifcto go abroad: And having been kindly invited to Capt. Bowrey*s Houfe there, my firrt Vifit v, as to him •, who had a Ship in the Road, but lived afhore. This Gentle- man was extraordinary kind to ds all, particularly to me, and importuned me to go his Boatfwain to Perfta *, whither he was bound, with a Defign to fell his Ship there, as I was told, though not by hinT-' felf. From thence he intended to pafs with the Ca-" ravan to Aleppo^ and fo home for England. His Bu- finefs required him to ftay fome time longer at vf- chin-, 1 judge, to fell fome Commodities thai he had not yet di^ofed of. Yet he chpfe rat:her to leave the Difpofal of them to fome Merchant th^re, anr*>* ought not to omit. The firfl: is, that at my return from Malacca^ a little b(^{ore CbriJImaSf 1689, I found at ^r^i«one Mr. Morgan^ who was one of our Ship's Crew that left mc afhoar at Nicohar^ now Mate of a Danijh Ship of Trnngambar \ which is a Town on the Coaft of Coromandel^ near Cape Comarin^ belonging to the Vanes : And receiving an account of our Crew from him and otliers, 1 thought it might not be amifs to gratify the Reader's Curiofuy therewith ; who would probably be defirous to know the Succefs of thofe Kainblers, in their new-intended Expedition towards the Red-Sea 5 And withal 1 thought it might not be unlikely that thefe Papers might fall into the Hands of fome of our London Merchants, who were con- cerned in fitting out that Ship ; which I faid formerly was called the C'jgnet of London.^ fent on a Trading Voyage into the South-Seas^ under the Command ot Captain Swan : And that they might be willing to have a particular Information of the Fate ot their Ship. And by the way, even before this meeting with Mr. Morgan^ while I was at Tonqueen^ Jan. 1689, I met with an EnTjiJh Ship in the River of Tonqueen, called the Ra'mb"'vnf London^ Captain Pooh Commander i by whofe Mate, Mr. Barlow^ wh J was returning in that Ship to England^ I fent a Pacquet, which he undertook to deliver to the Mer- chants, Owners of the Cygnety fome of which he faid he knew : Wherein I gave a particulat Account of all the Courfe and Tranfadtions of their Ship, from the time of my firft meeting it in the Souths Seas, and going aboard it there, to its leaving me afhoar at Nicohar. But T never could hear that either tliat, or other Letters which I fent at the fame time, were received. To proceed therefore with Mr. Morgan^s Relation : He told me, That when they in the Cygnet went away ^. Many go into the Mogul's Service. 507 away from Nicobar, in purfuit of ihcir intended ^h. 1689. Voyage to Perfiay they dircdtcd thtir Courlc to- --OTK^ wards Ceylon. But not being able to weather ii, the weftcrly Monfoon being hard againft tiiem , they were obliged to feek Refrefliment on the Coaft of Coromandel. Here this mad fickle Crew were upon new Projedls again. Their Defigns meet- in^ with fuch Delays and ObftruiStions, that many o[ them grew weary of it, and about half of them went aihoar. Of this Number, Mr. Morgan, who told mc this, and Mr. Herman Coppinger the Sur- geon, went to the Danes at 'Trangambar, who kindly received ihcm. There they lived very well ; and Mr. Morgan was employed as a Mate in a Sliip of theirs at this time to Achin: and Captain Knox tells me , that he fincc commanded the Curtana^ 'the Ship that I went in to Tonqueen, which Cap- tain M^eUlen having fold to the Mogul's Subjeds, they employed Mr. Morgan as Captain to trade in her for them ; and it is an ufual thing for the trading Indians to hire Europeans to go Officers on board their Ships ; cfpecially Captains and Gun- ners. About two or three more of thefc that were fet afliore, went to Fort St. George \ but the main Body of them were for going into the Mogul's Ser- vice. Our Seamen are apt to have great Notions of I know not what Profit and Advantages to be had in fcrving the Mogul •, nor do they want for fine I Stories to encourage one another to it. It was what thefe Men had long been thinking and talking of as a fine thing; but now they went upon it in good earneft. The pljce where they went afliorc was at a Town of the Moors : Which Name our Seamen give to all the Subjedls of the great Mogul, but . efpecially his Mahometan Subjeftsi calling the Ido- laters, (jentous or Rajhbouts, At this Moors Town jtheygota Peun to be their Guide to the Mogul'$ ncareft v^ , .. 5o8 Teuns, .An. i689.neareft Camp; for he hath always fcvcral Armies in ^-^^T^ his vaft Empire. Thef, Peuns are fomc of the Gsntous or Rajhhouts^ who in a!! places along the Coaft, efpecially in Sea- port Towns, make it their Bufinefs to hire them- fclves to wait upon Strangers, be they Merchants, Seamen, or what they will. To qualify them for fuch Attendance , they learn the European Lan- guages, Engli/h, Dutchf French., Portugiiefe, &c. ac- cording as they have any of the Faftories of thefe Nations in their Neighbourhood, or are vifited by their Ships. No fooner doth any fuch Ship come to an Anchor, and the Men come afliorc, but a great many of thefe Peuns are ready to proffer their Ser- vice. 'Tis ufual for the Strangers to hire their At- tendance during their Stay there, giving them about a Crown a Mqpth of our Money, more or lefs. The richeft fort of Men will brdinarily hire two or three Peuns to wait upon them ; and even the com* mon Seamen, if able, will hire one apiece to attend them, either for Conveniency or Oftentation -, or fomctimes one Peun between two of them. Thefe Peuns ferve them in many Capacities, as Interpre- ters, Brokers, Servants to attend at Meals, and go to Market and on Errands, 6f f . Nor do they give any trouble, eating at their own Homes and lodgins there *, when they have done their Matters Bufinels for them, cxpefting nothing but their Wages, ex- cept that they have a certain Allowance of about a Fanam, or ^d. in a Dollar, which is an i8th Part profit, by way of Brokerage for every Bargain they drive; they being generally employed in buying and felling. When the Strangers go away, their Pe uns defire them to give them their Names in Writing, with a Certificate of their honeft and diligent ferving them : And thefe they (hew to the next Comers, to get into Bufinefs ; fome being able to produce a large Scrowl of fuch Certificates, ..:.. But Captain Oliver and his Men. 509 But to proceed; the Moon Town, where thefe ^» 1689. Men landed, was not far from Cunnimere, a fmall U''Y'\J Englijb Faftory on the Coromandel Coaft. The Go- vernour whereof having Intelligence by the Moor$ of the landing of thefe Men, and their intended March to the Mogul's Camp, fcnt out a Captain with his Company to oppofe it. He came up with them, and gave them hard Words: But they being thirty or forty refolute Fellows, not eafily daunted, he durft not attack them, but returned to the Go- vernour, and the News of it was foon carried to Fort St. George. During their March, John Oliver^ who was one of them, privately told the Peun who guided them, that himfelf was their Captain. So when they came to the Camp, the Peun told this to the General : And when their Stations and Pay were affigncd them, John Oliver had a greater Refpeft paid him than the reft i and whereas their Pay was ten Pagodas fi Month each Man, ( a Pagoda is two Dol- lars, or 9 s. Engli/h ) his Pay was twenty Pagodas : Which Stiatagem and Ufurpation of his, occafioned him no fmall Envy and Indignation from his Com- rades. Soon after this, two or three of them went to ^gra^ to be of the Mogul's Guard. A while after the Gor vernour of Fort St. George fenta MelTage to the main Body of them, and a Pardon, to withdraw them from thence 5 which moft of them accepted, and came away. John Oliver^ and the fmall Remainder, continued in the Country ; but leaving the Camp, went up and down plundering the Villages, and Bee-* ing when they were purfued ; and this was the laft News I heard of them. This Account I had partly by Mr. Morgan, from fame of thofe Deferters he met with at Trangambar •, partly from others of them, whom I met with my felf afterwards at Fori St. George. And thefc were the Adventures of thofe who went up into the Country. Captain 5 lo The cygnet goes to Makiagafcar. An. 1689. Captain Read having thus loft the beft half of his ^iy>r^ Men, failed away with the reft of them, after ha-| ving filled his Water, and got Rice, ftill intending for the Red-Sea. When they were near Ceylon, they met with a Portuguefe Ship richly laden, out ofl which they took what they pleas'd, and then turn*d her away again. From thence they purfu'd their i Voyage: but the welterly Winds bearing hard againll them, and making it hardly feizable for them to reach the Red-Sea, they ftood away for I Madagafcar. There they entered into the Service of | one of the petty Princes of that Ifland, to aflift him aeainft his Neighbours with whom he was at Wars. During this Interval, a fmall Veflel from New- Tork came hither to purchafe Slaves : Which Trade ] is driven here, as it is ijpon the Coaft of Guinea ; one Nation or Clan felling others that arc their I Enemies. Captain Read, with about five or fix •more, ftole away from their Crew, and went aboard this New-Tork Ship -, and Captain Teat was made Commander of the Refidue. Soon after which, a Brigantine from the IVefl-Indies., Captain Kmiht\ Commander, coming thitl^er with a defign^to go to the Red-Sea alfo, thefe of the Cygnet confo.rted with j them, and • th^y went together to the Ifland Jo- hanna. Thence going together towards the Red-Sea^ ^ tht Cygnet proving leaky, and failing heaVily, as being much out of Repair, Captain Knight grew weary of het* Company, and givirt^ her the flip in the Night, went away for Achin: tor having heard that there was plenty of Gold there, he wentthither with a Defign to cruize: And it was fropi one Mr. Humes, belonging to ih^- Ann oi London, Capt. Freke Commander, who had gone aboard Captain Knight, and whom I faw afterwards at Achin, that I had thfs Relation. Some of Captain Frekeh Men, their own Ship being loft, had gone aboard the Cygnet at Johanna: And 'after Capt. Knight had :;i/,;.. ./ left of his :er ha- :ending ?, they out of I turn'dl d their 5 hard ble fori ray for rvice of I fill him : Wars. 1 New- \ Trade Guinea ; re their : or fix! ; aboard as made ^hich, a Knight I o go to ed with nd Jo. ed-Seay ily, as ? grew flip in Ig heard thither )Xa one Capt. ;aptainl l^w, that Freke's aboard \ght had Idt \And lies funk in St. AuguftiA'j Bay. 5 1 1 left her, fhe ftill purfued her Voyage towards the An. 1690. Red'Sea : But the Winds being againft them, and ^^'VV ihe Ship in fo ill a Condition, they were forced to bear away iov Coromandel^ where Captain T(?«/ and his own Men went afhore to ferve the Mogul. But the Strangers of Captain Freke's Ship, who kept ftill aboard the Cygnet, undercook to carry her for Eng- land: and the laft News I heard of the Cygnet wsls from Captain Knox, who tells me, that Ihe now lies funk in St. Augujlin^s Bay in Madagafcar. This DigrefTion I have made, to give an account of our Ship. The other Paffage I fhall fpeak of, that occurred during this Interval of the Tour I made from Achin^ is with Relation to the painted Prince, whom I brought with me into England, and who died at Oxford. For while I was at Fort St. George^ about April 1 690, there arrived a Ship called the Min- danao-Mercha.nt, laden with Clove-bark from Min- danao. Three of Captain Swan's Men that remained there when we went from thence, came in her : From w^ience I had the Account of Captain Swan's Peath, as is before related. There was alfo one Mr. Moody , who was Supercargo of the Ship. This ' Gentleman bought at Mindanao the painted Prince Jeoly ( mentioned in Chap. Xlli. ) and his Mother ; and brought them to Fort St. George, where they were much admired by all that faw them. Some time after this, Mr A foody, who fpoke the Ma/^^i^/? Language very well, and was a Perfon very capa- ble to rnanage the Company's Affairs, was ordered by , the Governour of Fort St. George to prepare to 10 Xojndrapore, an Englijh Factory on the Welt Coaft of Sumatra, in order to fucceed Mr. Gibbons^ who was the chief of that Place. By this time I was very intimately acquainted Iwith Mr. Moody, and was importun'd by him to go |with him, and to be Gunner of the Fort there. I always 512 The Author's Arrival at Bencouli. Jf«i. 1(^90. always told him I had a great defire to go to the WOr^ Bay of Bengal^ and that I had now an offer to go thither with Captain Metcalfe who wanted a Mate, and had already fpoke to me. Mr. Moody^ to en- courage me to go with him, told me, that if I would go with him to Indrapore, he would buy a fmall Vcflel therf!, and fend me to the Ifland Meangis, _ Commander of her -, and that I fhoukl carry PrinceB ^^ ^ might 1 Jeoly and his Mother with me, ( that being theirBh^^^'. o*" go Country ) by which means I might gain a CommerccB ^^^^ '^ ' weni J/Ie I was to have him, provide to my Sallarj jars per Mon the old Gunn Mr. Moody then, being r with his People for Cloves. This was a defign that I liked very well,and there- fore I confented to go thither. It was fome time in July 1690, when we went from Fort St. George in a fmall Ship, called the Diamond, Capt. Howel Com- mander. We were about fifty or fixty Paffangers in all i fome ordered to be left at Indrapore, anc*. fome at Bencouli : Five or fix of us were Officers, the reft Soldiers to the Company. We met nothing in our Voyage that deferves notice, till we came abreft of Jndrapore. And ther the Wind came at N.W. and blew fo hard that we could not gel; in, but were forced to be ,r away to Bencouli, another Englifh Fac* tory on tl.c fame Coaft, lying fifty or fixty Leagues to the fouthward of Jndrapore, Upon wur arrival at Bencouli we faluted the Fort,[j^o^<^ »iic» that and were welcomed by them. The fame Day wcHC^o^cs and N came to an Anchor, and Captain Howel, and MnH^^ch fort fever Moody with the other Merchants went alhoar, and ^3'^» Languaj were all kindly received by the Govcrnour of the ^— -" '^-^-^ Fort. It was two Days before I went alhoar, and then I was importuned by the Governour to ftay there, to be Gunner of this Fort ; becaufe the Gun- ner was lately dead : And this being a place of greatei Import than Indrapore, I (hould do the Company mifre Service here than there. I told the Gover nour, if he would augment my Sallary, which by i^greemenc with the Goveriipur of Fort St, Georp ' - Iwa to perform h to go to Mci he would be deras on his ac of the two p: Poflcffion, a 1 Offer, and \\ tween us. Thus it wj Prince, whofe They were b which is once I faw the Iflan Each of tiie 1 Leagues rounc Meangis Hadd there is abunda have obferved Mindanao', bui I know not, 1 the Malayan 1 uo, and the L dchin, ., Wh5H IJle of Meangls, its ^roduBs. 51? I was to have had at Indrapore, I was willing to fervc ^f*- '^9<*" him, provided Mr. Moody would confent to it. As 0''VNJ to my Sallary, he told me, I (hould have 24 Dol- lars per Month, which was as much as he gave to the old Gunner. Mr. Moody gave no Anfwer till a Week after, and (hen, being ready to be gone to Indrapore^ he told me I might ufe my own Liberty, either to ftay here, or go with him to Indrapore. He added, that if 1 went with him, he was not certain as yet to perform his Promiie, in getting a VefTel for me to go to Meangis, with Jeoly and his Mother : But he would be fo fair to me, that becaufe I left Ma- Ueras on his account, he would give me the half fhare of the two painted People, and leave them in my Pofleifion, a id at my Difpofal. I accepted of the I Offer, and Writings were immediately drawn be* I tween us. Thus it was that I came to have this painted I Prince, whofe Name was Jeoly ^ and his Mother. They were born on a i'mall Ifland called Meangis^ which is once or twice mentioned in Chap. XIII. Ifaw the Idand twice, and two more clofe by its Each of the three feemed to be about four or five Leagues round, and of a good heighch. Jeoly himfelf told me, that they all three abounded with Gold, Clovei and Nutmegs: For I fhewed him fome of each fort feveral times, and he told me in xht Ma- \kyan Language, which he fpake indifferent well, \Meangis Hadda Madochala fe Bullawan : That is,' there is abundance of Gold at Meangis. Bullawany I have obferved to be the common Word for Gold ^t Udindanao ; but whether the proper Malayan Word I know not, for I found much difference between the Malayan Language as it was fpoken at Minda- |»flo, and the Language on the Coaftcf Malaccaznd, Xdibin, Wh^H I ihcwsd him Spice, he would not only 514 Jcoiy* '^^ painted Trince. An, I'Jpo. only tell me that there was Mddochala^ that is, a- ^yy^ bundance *, but to make it appear more plain, he would alfo fhow me the Hair of his Head, a thing frequent among all the Indians that I have met with, to (how their Hair, when they would exprefs more thaii hey can number. He told me alio, that his Father was Raja of the Ifland where they lived: That there were not above Thirty Men on the Ifland, and about one Hundred Women : That he himfeif had five Wives and eight Children, and that one of his Wives painted him. He was painted all down the Bread, between , his Shoulders behind ; on his Thighs ( moftly ) be- fore i and in the Form of feveral broad Rings, or Bracelets round his Arms and Legs. I cannot liken the Drawings to any Figure of Animals, or the like •, but they were very curious, full of great variety of Lines, Flourifhes, Chequered-Work, ^c. keeping a very graceful Proportion, and appearing very artificial, even to Wonder, efpecially that upon and between his Shoulder- blades. By the Account he gave me of the manner of doing it, I underftood that the Painting was done in the fame manner, as the Jerttfakm Crofs is made in Mens Arms, by pricking the Skin, and rubbing in a Pig- ment. But whereas Powder is ufed in ma- king the Jerusalem Crofs, they at Meangis ufe the Gum of a . Tree beaten to Powder, called by the Englifit Dammer, which is ufed inftead of Pitch in many parts of India. He told me, that moft of the Men and Women on the Ifland were thus painted : And alfothat they had all Ear-rings made of Gold, and Gold Shackles about their Legs and Arms : That their common Food, of the Produce of the Land, was Potatoes and Yams : That they had plenty of Cocks and Hens -, but no other tame Fowl. He faid, that Fifli ( of which he was a great Lover, as wild Indians gonerally are ) was very plentiful about c IS, a- lin, he a thing t with, J more hat his lived : Ifland, himfelf : one of )et\veen ly ) be- ngs, or cannot lals, or )f great irk, &c. pearing ly that By the g it, I tie fame Mens I a Pig- n nia- ; ufe the by the Pitch in [t of the tainted : • Gold, Arms: of the ey had : Fowl. Lover, Icntiful about McangianTtf«^«^. 7^. Jcoly's Captivity, $\s about the Ifland ; and that they had Canoas, and '^ff. i^po** went a fifhing frequiently in themi and that they Vi/VNJ often vifited the other two fmall Iflands, whofe In- habitants fpake the fame Language as they did ; which was fo unlike the Malayan, which he had learnt while he was a Slave at Mindanao, that when his Mother and he were talking together in their Meangian Tongue, I could not underftand one Word they faid. And indeed all the Indians who /pake Malayan, who are the trading and politer fort> lookt on thefe Meangians as a kind of Barbarians % and upon any occafion of diflike, would call them Bohby, that is, Hogs ; the greateft . Expreflion of Contempt that can be, efpecially from the Mouth of Malayans, who are generally Mahometans ; and yet i\it Malayans every where call a.Woman Bahhy^ by a Name not much diiFerent, and Mamma figni- fies a Man •, tho* thefe two laft Words properly denote Male and Female : And as Ejam fignines a Fowl, fo Ejatn Mamma is a Cock, and Ejam Bahbi , is a Hen. But this by the way. He faid alfo that the Culloms of thofe other Ifles^ and their manner of living, was like theirs, and that they were the only People with whom they . had any Converfe : And that one time as he, with his Father, Mother and Brother, with two or three Men more were going to one of thefe other Iflands, they were driven by a ftrong Wind on the Coaft of Mindanao, where they were taken by the Fifliermen of that Ifland, and carried afliore, and fold as Slaves i they being firft ftript of their Gold Orna- ments. I did not fee auy of the Gold that they wore, but there were great Holes in their Ears, by which it was m '^ifeft that they had worn feme Or- naments in them. Jeoly was fold to one Michael a Mindanayan^ that fpoke good Spaniflj, and com- monly waited on RajaLaut, ferving him as.our In- terpreter, where the Raja was at a lofs in any vtori, aVol. I. L \ for 5 1^ Of T. Jco!y and his MotU\ An. 1690. for Michael underftood it better. He d. ' often bea< VyyTsj and abufe his painted Servant, to make 'linj work, biic all in vain •, for neither fair means, hreats noi blows, would make him work as he 'oulti have him. Yet he was very timerons, and < ould not en- dure to fee any fori of Weapons •, and he ofte;. to!d me that they had no Arms at Meangis, they having no Enemies to fight with. I knew this Michael very welJ while wc were at Mindanao : I fuppofe that NaniC was 'given hini by the Spaniards^ who baptized many of them at the time when they had footing at that Iftand : But at the departure of the Spaniards,' they were Mahometans again as before. Some of our People lay at this Michael*s Houfe, whofe V/if*? and Daugh- ter were Pagallhes to fome of them. I often r\J Capt. Heath Commander, bound for England^ in the Service of the Cgmpany. They had been at In- drapore, where Mr. Moody then was, and he had made over his fhare in Prince Jeoly to Mr. Goddard chief Mate of the Ship. Upon his comins on (hore, he fhewed me Mr. Moodf% Writings, and lookt up- on Jeoly^ who had been fick for three Months : In all which time I tended him as carefully as if he had been my Brother. I agreed Matters with Mr. Godr 4ard, and fcnt Jeoly on board, intending to follow him as I could, and defiring Mr. Goddard*$ A (lift- ance to fetch me off, and conceal me aboard the Ship, if there ihould be occafion i which he pro- mifed to do, and the Captain promifed to entertaiii me. For ic proved, as I had forefeen, that upon Captain Heatb*$ Arrival, the Governpur repented him of his Promife, and would not fuffer me to de- part. I importuned him all I could » but in vain : 10 did Capt. Ifeath alfo, but to np purpofe. In Ihort, after fcveral EflTays, I flipt away, at Mid- night (underftanding the Ship was to fail away the next Morning, and that they had taken leave of the Fort) and creeping through one of the Porr- lioles of the Fort, J got to the (hore, where the 3hip's Boat waited for me, and carried me on board. 1 brought with me my Journal, and moft of my jwritten rapers i but ibme Papers and Books of var iue I left in hafte, :\nd all my Furniture ; being glad I was my felf at Liberty, and had hopes of feer jng England a^ain. e H A p, p. They fet fail fitr the Cafe of Good Hope. s a i CHAP. XX. The Authyf^s departure from ?h.\\qow\'u onboard the Defence, under Captain Heath, Of a Fight between fome French Men of fVar from Ponticheri, and fome Dutch Ships from Pal- hczt, /oined with fofiie Englifh, infifthtof Fort St. George. Of the badlVater taken in at Bcncouli % and the firange ficknefs and death of the SeameHyfuppofed to be occafioned thereby. A Spring at Bcncouli recommended, ^ he great Exigencies on board: AConfult held» and a Tropofal made to go to Johanna. A Refolution taken to profecute their Voyage to the Cape of Good Hope. The ffiind favours them. The Captain's Condu£f. They arrive at the CapCt and are helped into Harbour by the Dutch. AT^efcriptionof theCape^ stsTro- fpe6fy Soundings, Table- Mounts Harbour ^ Soily &c. large Tomgranates, and good Wines, The Land- Animals. A very beautiful kind of Onager, or wild Afs flriped regularly black and white. Oftrages. tifh. Scales. The Butch Fort and FaBory. Their fine Garden. IheTraffick here. BEing thus got on board the Defence^ I was con; ccaled there, till a Boat which came from ti»e Fort laden with Pepper was gone off" jigain. And then we fet fail for the Cape of Good -Ho/:', Jan. 25, 1 69 1, and madt' the belt of our wa\ , as Wind and Weather would permit •, expciSting the/e to- L 1 4 meet 522 Pallacat and Pontichcri: ■An,' 1691. meet three Englijh Ships more bound home from the i^VV/ Indies : For the War with the French having been proclaimed at Fort St. George, a little before Capt. Heath came from thence, he was willing to have Company home, if he could. A little before this War was proclaimed, theriB was an Engagement in the Road of Fort St. George between fome French Men of War and fome Dutch and Engli/h Ships at anchor in the Road : which becaule there is fnch a plaufible Story made of it in Monfieur Duquefne's late Voyage to the Eaft-IndieSy I fhall give a fhort account of, as I had it particu- larly related to me by the Gunner's Mate of Capt, Heath*s Ship, a very fenfible Man, and feveral o- thers of his Men, who were in the Adion. The Dutch have a Fort on the Coaft of Coromandel, called fallacat, about 20 Leagues to the northward of Fort St. George. Upon fome occafion or other the Dutch fent fome Ships thither to fetch away their ^ffefts, apd tranfport them to Batavia. A£ti of Hoftility were already begun between the French and Dutch ; and the French had at this time a Squa- dron newly arrived in India, and lying at Ponticheri, a French Fort on the fame Coaft Southward of Fort St. George. The Dutfh in returning to Batavia^ were obliged to coaft it along by Fort St. George and ponticheri, for the fake of the Wind •, but when they came near this laft, they faw the French Men pf War lying at anchor there ; and Ihould they have proceeded along the Shore, or ftood out to Sea, expeded to be purfued by them. They there- lore turned back again i for though their Ships were of a pretty good Force, yet were they unfit for Fight, as having great Loads of Goods, and many PaiTengers, Wonien and Children, on board ; fo they put in at Fort St. George, and defiring the Go- vernour's Piotedion, had leave to anchor in the Road, and to fcnd their Gopds ^nd ufelcfs People alhprCy A Sea^fght before Fort St. George' $%% aftiore. There were then in the Road a few fmall ^»' «<$pi- Englijh Ships ; and Captain Heathy whofe Ship was i/V\l a very ftout Merchant-man, and which the French Relater calls the EngUJh Admiral, was juft come from China ; but very deep laden with Goods, and the Deck full of Canifters of Sugar, which he was preparing to fend afhore. But before he could do It, the French appeared ; coming into the Road with there Lower-Sails and Top-Sails, and had with them a Fireftiip. With this they thought to have burnt the Dutch Commodore, and might probably enough have done it as Ihe lay at anchor, if they had had the Courage to have come boldly on ; but they fired their Ship at a diftance, and the Dutch fent and towed her away, where flie fpent her felf without any Execution. Had the French Men of "War alfo come boldly up, and grappled with their Enemies, they might have done fomething confiderable, for the Fort could not have played on them, without damaging our Ships as well as theirs. But inftead of this, the French divoi^t an- chor out of reach of the Ihot of the Fort, and there lay exchanging fhot with their Enemies Ships^ with lb little Advantage to themfelves, that after about four Hours fighting, they cut their Cables, and went away in haftc and diforder, with all their Sails loofe, even their Top -gallant Sails, which is not ufual, but when Ships are juft next to running away. Captain Heathy notwithftanding his Ship was (b heavy and incumbred, behaved himfelf very brave- ly in the Fight *, and upon the going off of the French^ went aboard the Dutch Commodore and told him, chat if he would purfue them, he would (land out with them to Sea, though he had very little Water aboard •, but the Dutch Commander excufed himfelf, faying he had Orders to defend himfelf from the Freufh, bm none to chafe them, ? Of 5»4 A Mortality. Bad Water. 'An. \69U or go out of his way to feek them. And this was ^ the Exploit which the French have thought fit to brag of. I hear that the Dutch have taken from ihem fmce their Fort of Ponticheru But to proceed with our Voyage : We had not been at Sea long before our Men began to droop, in a fort of Diftemper that itole infenfibly on them, and proved fatal to above thirty, who died before we arrived at the Cape. Wt; h«d Tometimcs iwo, and once three Men thrown over-board in a Morning. This Diftemper might probably arife from the badnefs of the Water which we took in at Bencouli : For I did obferve while I was there that the River-water, wherewith our Ships were vratered, was very unwholfome, it being mixt with the Water of many fmall Creeks, that proceeded from low Land, and whofe Streams were always very black, they being nourilhed by the Water that drained out of the low fwampy unwholfome Ground. I have obferved not only there, but in other hot Countries alfo both in the Eafi and fVeJi-hdies, that the Land-floods which pour into the Channels of the Rivers, about the Seafon of the Rains, are very unwholfome. For when I lived in the Bay of Campeachy, the Fifh were found dead in heaps on the Siores of the Rivers and Creeks, at fuch a Seafon ; and many we took up half dead ; of which firdden Mortality there appeared no caufe, but only the malignity of the Waters draining oflf the Land. This happens chiefly, as I take it, where the Wa- ter drains through thick Woods and Savannahs of long Grafs, and fwampy Grounds, with which fome hot Countries abound : And I believe it re- ceives a ftrong Tindure from the Roots of feveral kind of Trees, Herbs, &c. And efpecially where there is any itaen, ncy of the Water, it foon cor- rupts -, and pofiibly tl%e Serpents and other poifon- ous An excellent Spring at BcncouU. 525 *us Vermin and Infedls may not a little contribute '^»- Jjjp*' to its bad Qualities : At fuch times it will look very ^^V^ deep-coloured, yellow, red, or black, ^c. The Seafon of the Rains was over, and the Land-floods were abating upon the taking up this Water in the River of Bencouli : But would the Seamen have given themfelves the trouble they might have hlPd their Veflels with excellent good Water at a Spring on the back fide of the Fort, not above 2 or 300 paces from the Landing-Place ; and with which tlie Fort is ferved. And I mention this as a caution to any Ships that fhall go to Bencouli for the future ; and withal I think it worth the care of the Owners or Governours >f the Fadory, and that it would tend much to the Prefervation of their Sea- men's Lives, to lay Pipes to convey the Fountain Water to the Shore, which might eafily be done with a fmall charge '■ And had I ftaid longer there I would have undertaken it. I had a defign alfo of bringing it into the Fort, tho' much higher : for it would be a great Convenience and Security to it, in cafe of a Siege. Befides the badnefs of our Water^ it was flowed among the Pepper in the Hold, which made it vcv hot. Every Morning wlien we came to take our Allowance, it was fo hot that a Man could hardly fuflPer his Hands in it, or hold a Bottle full of it in his Hand. I never any where felt the like, nor could haye thought it pofTible that Water ibould heat to ^hat degree in a Ship's Hold. It was ex- ceeding black too, and looked more like Ink than Water. Whether it grew fo black with Handing, or was tinged with the Pepper, I know nor, for this Water was not fo black wlien it was firft taken up. Our Food alfo was very bad i for the Ship had been out of England upon this Voyage ^bove three Years ; and the falt'Provifion brought from thence, and which we fed e^, having been fp long in 3alt, .«! $26 The Ship's Crew difireft with Sitknefs. :4».i69i. Salt, wai but ordinary Food for fickly Men to feed torvon. ' Captain Heath, when he faw the Mifery of his Company, ordered his own Tamarinds, of which he had fome Jars aboard, to be given fome to each Mefs, to eat with their Rice, This was a great refrefhment to the Men, and I do believe it contri- butcd much to keep us on our Legs. This Diftemper was fo univerfal, that I do be- lieve there was fcarce a Man in the Ship, but ian- guifhed under it -, yet it ftole fo infenfibly on us, that we could not fay we were fick, feeling little or no Pain, only a Weaknefs, and but little Stomach. Nay, moft of thofc that died in this Voyage, would hardly be perfwaded to keep their Cabbins, or Hammocks, till they could not ftir about ; and when they were forced to lye down, they made their Wills, and piked off in two or three Days. The lof's of thefe Men, and the weak languifh- ing Condition that the red of us were in, rendered us uncapable to govern car Ship, when the Wind blew more than ordinary. This often happened when we drew near the Cape, and as oft put us to our trumps to manage the Ship. Captain Heath, to encourage his Men to their Labour, kept his Watcb as conftantly as any Man, though fickly him- felf. and lent an helping Hand on all occafions. But at lail, almoft defpairing of gaining his PaiTage to the Cape by reafon of the "^Vinds coming foutherly, and we having now been failing eight or nine weeki, he called all our Men to confult about our Safety, and defired ^very Man, from the higheit to the loweft, freely to give his real Opinion and Advice, what CO io in this dangerous Junfture $ for we were not in a Condition to keep out long i and could we not gtt to Land quickly, muft have pe* ri(h<^d at Sea. He confulted therefore whether it wer*; beft to beat for the Cape, or be^r away. for Qaptain\{z^x\isTolicy to hearten his Men. 527 §6r Johanna, where we might expeft relief, that be- ^»^ 1691. ing a Place where our outward bound Eaji-India Ships ufuaily touch, and whofe Natives are very- familiar : But other Places, efpecially St. Laurence^ or Madagafcar, which was nearer, was unknown to us. We were now fo nigh the Cape, that with a fair Wind we might expeft to be there in four or five Days ; but as the Wind was now, we could not hope to get thither. On the other fide this Wind was fair to carry us to Johanna ; but then Johanna was a great way off, and if the Wind fhould con- tinue as it was, to bring us into a true Trade- Wind* yet we could not get thither under a Fortnight ; and :f we fhould meet Calms, as we might probably ex- pert, it might be much longer. Befides, we fiiould lofe our Paffage about the Cape till OMer or No^ vember, this being about the latter-end of Marcb^ for after the loth of May 'tis not ufual to beat a- bout the Cape to come home. All Circumftanccs therefore being weighed and confidered, we at laft unanimoufly agreed to profecute our Voyage to- wards the Cape, and with Patience wait for a fhifc of Wind. But Captain Heathy having thus fa^ founded the Inclination of his weak Men, told the that it was not enough that they all confented beat for the Cape, for our defires were not fuffic . ^t to bring u% thither ; but that there would need -nore than or- dinary labour and management frorr ;hofe that were able. And withal, for their Enco- u^ement he pro- mifed a Month's Pay Gratis, to every Man that would engage to affifl: on all Occafions, and be ready upon call, whether it were his turn to watch or not } and this Money he promifed to pay at the Cape. This Offer was firft embraced by fome of the Officers, and then as many of th? Men as found themfelves in a Capacity, lifted theuilelves in a Roll to fer vc their Commander. This 'j2t ^They arrive at the Cafe of Good-Hope: ^ti.!i69i. This was wifely contrived of the Captain, for he */VN; could not have compelled them in their weak Con- dition, neither would fair Words alone, without fome hopes of a Reward, have engaged them to fo much extraordinary Work ; for "the Ship, Sail and R'gging were much out of repair. For my part, I viAs too weak to enter my ielf into that Lift, for €lfe our common Safety, which I plainly faw lay at ^ \ke, would have prompted me to do more than any fuch reward would do. In a Ihort time after this it pleafed God to favour us with a fine Wind, which being improved to the beft Advantage by the inceflant labour of thefe new-lifted Men, brought us in a fhort time to the Cape. The Night before we entered the Harbour, which was about the beginning of April^ being near the Land, we fired a Gun every Hour, to give notice that we were in diftreis. The next Day a Dutch Captain came aboard in his Boat, who feeing us fo weak as not to be able to trim our Sails to turn into the Harbour ; though we did tolerably well at Sea before the Wind, and being requefted by our Captain to affift him, fent aOiore for a hundred lufty Men, who immediately came aboard, and brought our Ship in ro an Anchor. They alfo un- bent our Sails, and did every thing for us that they were required to do, for which Capt. Heath gratified them to the full. Thefe Men had better Stomachs than we, and eat freely of fuch Food as the Ship afforded ; and they having the freedom of our Ship, to go too and fro between Decks, made orize of what they could lay their Hands on, efprciially Salt-Beef, which our Men, for want of Stomachs in the Voyage, had hung up 6, 8, or lo pieces in a Place. This was conveyed away before we knew it, or thought of it : Befides, in the Night there was a Bale of Muz- lins broke open, and a great deal conveyed away ; but Lway : but The Temperature^ 9f the Cape Climate. $^9 but whether the Muzlins were ftolen by our owrt An.^ti Men or the Dulch^ I cannot fay ; for wc had fomc U^\^ very dexterous Thieves in our Ship. Being thus got fafe to an Anchor, the Sick were prefcntly lent afhore to Quarters provided for them, and thofe that were able remained aboard, and had good fat Mutton, or frefli Beef, fent aboard every Day. I went a(horc alfo with my painted Prince, where I remained with him till the time of failing again, which was about fix Weeks. In which time J took the Opportunity to inform my felf what I could concerning thir, Country, which I (hall in the next Place give you a brief Account of, and fo make what hade I can home. The Cape of Good-Hope is the utmoft Bounds of ths Continent of Africa towarc^ , rhe South, lying in 34 d. 30 m. S. lat. in a very tn^perate Climate. I look upon this Latitude to be one of the .T.iideft and fweeteft for its temperature of any whatfoever i and I cannot here but take notice of a common prejudice our European Seamen have as to this Country, that they look upon it as much colder than Places in the fame Latitude to the North of the Line. I am not of their Opinion as to that : And their thinking fo, I believe, may eafily be ac- counted for from hence, that whatever way they come to the Cape, whether going to the Eafi-Indies or retm'ning back, they pafs through a hot Climate \ and coming to it thus «xit of an extremity of Heat, 'tis no wonder if it appear the colder to them. Some impute the coldnefs of the South-wind here to its blowing off from Sea. On che contrary, I have always obferved the Sea-winds to be warmer than Land- winds, unlefs it be when a bloom, as we call it, or hot blaft blow from thence. Such an one we felt in this very Voyag':, as we went from Cape Verd Iflands, towards che South-Seas \ which I forgot to mention in its proper Place, Chap. 4th. For 'SJO Blooms of Heatl j£9«For one Afternoon about the 19th of January 1683, in the lat. of 37 South we felt a briflc Gale coming from off the Coaft of America^ but fo violent hot, that we thought it came from fome burning Moun- tain on the Shore, and was like the heat from the Mou:h of an Oven. Juft fuch another Gleam I felt one Afternoon aifo, as I lay at Anchor at the Groin in July 1 694, it came with a Southerly-wind, both thefe were followed by a Thunder-lhower. Thefe were the only great Blooms I ever met with in my Travels, Butfetting thefe afide, which are Exceptions, 1 have made it my general Obfervation, that the Sea-winds are a great deal warmer than thofc which blow from Land j unlefs where the "Wind blows from the Poles, which I take to be the true caufc of the coldnefs of the South-wind at the Cape, for it is cold at Sea alfo. And as for the coldnefs of Land- winds, as the South- Weft parts of Europe are very fenfible of it from the northern ami eaftern Winds j fo on the oppofite Coaft of Vir. giniay they are as much pinched with the North- Weft Winds, blowing excefliveiy cold from over the Continent *, though its Lat. be not much greater than this of the Cape. But to proceed : This large Promontory confifts cf iiigh and very remarkable Land } and off at Sea it affords a very pleafant and agreeable Profpeft. And without doubt the Profpcfk of it was very a- greeable to thofe Portuguefe who firft found out this way by Sea to the Eaft-Indies •, when after coafting along the vaft Continent of Jfricky towards the South-Pole^ they had the comfort of feeing the Land and their Courle end in this Promontory : Which therefore they called the Cape de Bon Efperance, or ofGood Hope, finding r.hat they might now proceed cafterly. There is good founding off this "Cape 50 or 60 Leagues at Sea to the Southward, and tj^refore our iSigT^sof bur Engli/h from the C their Soun abreft of t ing it, and They have they are i Sea, cfpeci winged Bi Fowl. Bu Seamen no the Compa they come plitudc Ni cxat^ in, t pafs, an tn; our Natior Cape, or a And for th ward of al they can ft liged to m: trary, havj do always both going The m( Mountain, which is fide of the there is a lying off i ind pafs that ancho the Ifiand s Land by back with fouthward Vol. I i 1683, :oming nc hot, Moun- 3m the lleam I at the ^-wind, (hower. et with lich are rvation, er than lerc the e to be wind at J for the parts of cm arul of Vir- North- ern over I greater confifls f at Sea 'rofpeft. very a- out this coafting irds the :he Land Which ^ance, or proceed 50 or 60 ierefore. our Sfg:^s of cofhing near the Cape of Good hope' $11 bur Englijh Seamen (landing over as they ufually do, '^'»- »<9«» from the Coall of Brazil^ content thcmfclves with ^"OT^ their Soundings, concluding thereby that they are abreft of the Cape, they often pufs by without fee- inc it, and begin to fhape their Courfe northward. They have fevdral other Signs whereby to know when they are near it, as by the Sea-fowl they meet at Sea, cipecialiy the Algatroffes, a very large long winged Bird, and the Mangovolucres, a'fmaller Fowl. But the greateft Dependance of our Englip teamen now is upon their obfcrving the Variation of the Compafs, which is very cai^efully minded when the> come near th6 Cape, by taking the Sun*s Am- plitude NWnings and Evenings. I'his they are fp exad in, that by the Help of the Azimuth Com- pafs, an tnftrument more peculiar to the Seamen of our Nation, they know when they are abreft of the Cape, or are either to the Eaft or the Weft of it : And for that reafon, though they fhould be to fouth- vrard of all the Soundings, or fathomable Ground, they can fhape their Courfe right, without being ob- liged to make the Land. But the Dutch on the con- trary, having fettled thcmfelves on this Promontory, do always touch here in their Eajl-India Voyages, both going and coming. The mofb remarkable Land at Sea is a high Mountain, ftctp to the Sea, with a flat even Top, which is called the Table Land. On the V^ett- fide of the Cape, a little to the northward of it, there is a fpacious Harbour, with a low flat Ifland lying off it, which you may leave on either Hand, ind pafs in or out fecurely at either end. Ships that anchor here ride near the main Land, leaving the Ifiand at a farther Diftance without them. The Land by the Sea againft the Harbour is low ; but back with high Mountains a little way in, to the fouthward of it. VpL. L M m The Sbi*, bruits. Animals at the Capet" 'An^^\» The Soil of tl.is Country is of a brown Colour! '^ not deep, yet indifFercntly produdlivc of Grafs, Herbs and Trees. The Grafs is ihort;, likr. that which grows on our Wxltjhire or Dorfetjhire Downs. The Trees hereabouts are but fmall and few ; the Country alfo farther from the Sea, does not much abound in Trees, as I have been inform'd. The Mould or Soil alfo is much like this near the Har- bour, which though it cannot be laid to* be very fat or rich Land, yet it is very fit for Cultivation, and yields good Crops to the induftrious Husbandman, and the Country is pretty well fettled with Farmsy Dutch Families, and French Refugees, for twenty or thirty Leagues up the Country •, but there are but few Farms near the Harbour. Here grows plenty of Wheat, Barly, Peafe, fcff. Here are alfo Fruits of many .;inds, as Apples, Pears, Quinces, arid the largeft Pomgranates that I did ever fee. The chief Ffuits are Grapes. Thefe thrive very well, and the Country is of late Years fo well ftocfct with Vineyards, that they make abundance of Wine, of which they have enough and to fpare ; and do fell great Quantities to Ships that touch here. This Wine is like a French High-Country White-wine, but of a pale ycllowifli Colour ; it is fweet, very pleafant and ftrong. The tame Animals of this Country are Sheep, Goats, Hogs, Cows, Horfcs, ^c. The Sheep are very large and fat, for they thrive very well here : This being a dry Country,' and the fhort Pafturagc very agreeable to thefe Creatures, but it is not fo proper for great Cattle i neither is the Beef in its kind fo fweet us the Mutton. Of wild Beafts, it is faid, here are feveral forts, but I faw none. Howe- ; ver, it is very likely there are fome wild Beafts, that ■ prey on the Sheep, becaufe they are commonly brought into the Houfes in the Night, and penn*d up. .There m There t^ountry, Lifts of w the Ridge which is Fingers 1: and curioi over from the Skins fent to He to inclofe Colt of a Here ai l^c. and Mountain and thofe thefe Cre; leaft on d by the Suj ■ fuffice tw ferve the They wci the Begir they lay Summer. The Sc vers fort! big as a Plenty, tli and fend i Numbers obferved, which is tl The D againft th At about from then a fmall R mid'Afs^ftriped, Fowl, Fijb, Seals. sii There h a very beautiful fort of wild Afs in this <^»^i69i; Country, whofe Body is curioufly ftriped with equal Lifts ot white and black *, the Stripes coming from the Ridge of his Back, and ending under the Belly, which is white. Thefe Stripes are two or three Fingers broad, running parallel with each other, and curioufly intermixt, one white and one black, over from the Shbulder to the Rump. I faw two of the Skins of thefe Beafts, dried and preferved to be fent to Holland as a Rarity. They feemed big enough to inclofe the Body of a Beaft, as big as a large Colt of a Twelvemonth old. Here are a great many Ducks, Dunghil-Fowls, 6ftf. and Oftriees are plentifully found in the dry Mountains and Plains. I eat of their Eggs here, and thofe of whom I bought them told me that thefe Creatures lay their Eggs in the Sand, or at leaft on dry Ground, and fo leave them to behatch*d by the Sun. The Meat of one of their Eggs will . fufficc two Men very well. The Inhabitants do pre- ferve the Eggs that they find to fell to Strangers. They were pretty fcarce when I was here, it being the Beginning of their Winter •, whereas I was told they lay their Eggs about Chrijimas, which is their Summer. The Sea hereabouts affords plenty of Filh of di- vers forts ; efpccially a fmall fort of Fifh, not fo big as a Herring ; whereof they have fuch great Plenty, that they pickle great Quantities yearly, and fend them to Europe. Seals are alfo in great Numbers about the Cape; which, as I have ftill obferved, is a good (ign of the Plentifulnefs of Fifh, which is their Food. The Duich have a ftrong Fort by the Sea-fide, againft the Harbour, where the Governour lives. At about Two or Three Hundred Paces diflanco from thence, on the Weft-fide of the Fort, there is a fmall Dutch Town, in which I cold about fifty or M m 2 iixcy / ^ ^^. ^ .a> ^^:\^^^^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 " 1^ III 2.2 ^ m - 6" 20 1.8 1-25 il.4 IIIIII.6 V] 7 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 ^ 514 A TheDvLidk Garden 4p^0i^ zJit. t^ufixty Bourns ; low, but well built, ^ith£ltofie'!M^]!s i there being plenty of Stone drawn out of ^ Quarcy clofe by. i ,/ On tiie backfide of the Town, ai yougoito^lirards the Mountains, the Dutch Eaft-'IndiaCom^ny ha^ a lairge'Houfe, and aflately Garden waJled in with a hij^ Stone-walh , This Garden is full of diVers forts rof iHerbs^ Flowers, Roots, and Fruits, with curious fpacious Gravel-walks and Arbours; andis watered with a . Brook that defcends out of the Mountains : which being cut into many Channels, is convened into all parts' of the Garden. The Hedges which make the Walkis are very thick, and nineor ten (Foot high : J^Chey are kept exceeding neat and oven by continual •pruniflgH There are lower Hedges within thefe again,: which ferve to feparate the iFcuitwTtees from each other, but without ihading them Standi they keep each fort of Fruit by themftlvcs, jasr.Applei, Pears, abundance , of Qoince^, Ponigranates, :&r. Thefe all profper very well, and bear good Fruit, cfoecially the Pomgranate. The Rooi|sandGari3en« '^'Herbs l^ave alfo their diilindl places^ ; lodged inia* ...part jby themfelves •, and all in fuch ordtr, 'that it is exceeding pleafantand beautiful. There area. gredt ^ .Num|rer of Negro^Siaves brought from' other parts , of tjie ; World i fome of Which are continuaUy weeding, pruning, trimming and lookling after it. All Str^gers are allowed the Liberty toiwalk, there.} " and by the Servants leave, you may beadmitttdto " taftc -of t}ie Fruit.: but if you think to.do it claii- deftii^ely^, you may be miftaken, . as I kne>r> one vras when i was in the Garden, who took five X)r: fix Pomgi^nates, and was efpy'd by one of the SlaVes, and threatned to be carrjedbefore; the iGoiternour : J believe it coft him fopire Mon^y to mak^e his peace, for Ihe^rd no more of it. Further up ffoin the Seg| beyond the Garden,.. towards tl»e Mountains, yi : h: therp there are l^lbngin nigh, th The I by the S cntertaiit thetnlfelvi pay fOTv IS, as che; gqqd Pel and^hom CbUntry: haVeiiot Hand, b bour V ch hoiogpt^ Wine, yi Conip3^5 you can by ftealtt that feU i Houfe or therfelU] and Tobj Wine, \w] Stivers, f much for privately that fold known. • there are fcveral other fmall Gardens a«d Vineyards "^"l^* liljingingLtapfiYaic Men i buttheMountaifts arefp ^^'tm nigh, that the Number of them are but fmall. The Dutch tb^tJIive in thp. Tpwn get confiderably by the Ships that frequently touch here, chiefly by cncertairting^ Grangers that cbnie^aihoar to refrelb tbemfelYCS }:• &w you muflb give ^s. or a Dollar a pay fcrrv yOHir Ei^iei'tainment ; thjC, Bread and Flcih k as chieap herevJW in England i befides, they buy gciqd I*q>fiy-ii|^cii;th^ of the Seamen, both outward ariihoni^war4 bbiind, which tjie Farmers tip the Cbdntry t^uy bP th^m again at a dear Rate ; for they haVe liot all Opportunity of buying things at the beft Hand, biit muft buy of thofe that live atlhe J%r- boiir V chd nearefl Settlenienc^, as I was infotmed, hfting t#cnty Miles ofi u .m.' ■ ; , l^Jotwit^ifki^ng the g^eat Benty of Co^p ^nd Wjne, ^et the lesjtraordinary hi|^ T^xes wh^cH' ^he Cpnip^y lay^ on Liquors^ makes it very dear ; ^jind you can buy none but at the Tavern, exc^pfiirbe by fteatth. There are but three JEIt)ufes inttieTt^n that feU ftrong Liquor, one of Whith is thii "Wihe- Houfe or Tavern ; there they fdl only Wifte 5* ano- ther felU Beer and Mum j and the Third felH Brandy ^id Tobacco, all extraordinary dear. A Flask, of "Wine, which holds three Quarts, will coft eighteen Stivers, for fo.much I paid for it \ yet I bou^h^ as much for eigjht Stivers in another place, but it wa$ privately at ai? unlicenfed Houfe, and the ?erfon that fpld It would have been ruined had it been known. Atid thus much Jbr the Country and ^he ^»ro^^^» Inhabitants. Min 3 CHAP. 5J^ Of the Hodmadods or Hottantotsr C H A P. XXi Ojthe TMtmal Inhabitants of the CapeofGoo^ Hope, the HQdHfiddbds or Hottantots. Their 'Fetfonagey Garb, b^fmeatin^ themfehes % ^ thetr Cloathingy Houjes, Food, ^ ay of Li' yingy and Dancing at the Bull of {he Moon i Compared in thoje refpe6ls with other Nc- i %xq^s and UTtld Indians. Captain llczth re- freflies his Men at the Cape, and getting fo^e . mare Hands, departs in company witn the James and Mary, and the {ofiah. ji great fwHUftg SedfrimS.lV. They arrive at Szmz HeHena, aria there meet with the Princcft ' . A^n, homewufd bound The Air, Situavion^ f and ♦$!(?// of thd IJland. Its fir ft ^ifcovery^ . 4fi4 cbang^of ilajfers fince. How the Eng- U(h got it. Its Strength, Town, Inhabit t ants ^ and the Troduii of their Tlantations. TheSsLMA Hellena Manatee no other than the Sea^Lion. Of the Englifh Women at this Ip, The EngliOi Ships refrefh their Men * here $ and depart all together. Of the ^Jfe^ rent Courfes from hence to England. Their Courfe and Arrival in the EngUfli Channel and theDo'^ns, ^ TH E natural Inhabitants of the Cape are t^e Hodmadods^ as they are commonly called , which is a Corruption of the Word Hottantot ; for this is the Name by which they call to one another, cipher in their Dances^ or on any. occafion ; as if every The .every on< probably 'Languag Thefe with fma] Their Fa make, w ther are as the i\ darker t black as their Hai They as well t their half up their they rub their Fac Painting them a pleafing They ar this purp it. This common the Coal Palm-Oi Foot; bi of Kitch that tra efpeciall) in gentr well on and Spi( themfelv Day, el fpend fo The Cuftom of anointing their Bodies. Hf .every one of them had this for his Name. The Word ^»- »^«« probably hath fome Signification or other in their (^W 'Language, whatever it is. Thefe Hottantots are People of a middle Stature, with (mail Linibs and thin Bodies, full of A^ivky. Their Faces are of a flat oval Figure^ of the Negro make, with great Eye-brows, black Eyes, but neir ther are thefl* Nofcs fo flat, lior their Lips fo thick, as the Negroes of Guinea, Their Complexion is darker than the common Indians \ though not fo black as the Negroes or New Hollanders ^5 neither is their Hair fo much frizled. They befmear themfelves all over with Greafe, as well to keep their Joints fupple, as to fence their half-naked Bodies from the Air, by (topping up their ^ores. To do this the more efFeftually^ they rub Soot over the greafed Parts, efpccially their Faces, which adds to their natural Beauty, as Painting does in Europe \ but withal fends from them a ftrong Smell, which though fufficiently plcafing to themfelves, is very unpleafant to others. They are glad of the worft of Kitchen-ftufF for this purpofe, and ufe it as often as they can get it. This Cuftom of anointing the Body is very common in other Parts of Africa^ efpecially on the Coaft of Guinea , where they generally ufe Palm-Oil, anointing themfelves from Head to Foot; but when they want Oil, they make ufe of Kitchen-fluff, which they buy of the Europeans that trade with them. In the Eaft-Indies alfo, efpecially on the Coaft of Cudda and Malacca, and in gentral, on almoft all the eafterly Iflands, as well on Sumatra^ Java, &c. as on the Philipine and Spice-Iflands, the Indian Inhabitants anoint themfelves with Coco-nut Oil two or three times a Day, efpecially Mornings and Evenings. They fpend foftietinnes half an Hour in chafing the Oil, M ni 4 an4 5}« TJIfe Hottantots Garif, 'Ah, i6pi. and rubbing it inco their Hair and Skin, leaving np 1/VNi; place iinfmcar'd yrith Oil, but their Face, which they daub not like thefe Hottantots, , The Americans ;iir<)in fome places dpufe this Cuftotn, but not fo frequently, perhaps for want of Ojl an^ Grcafe to do it. Yet fome Jmerifan Indians in the Nprth-Scas ^equently daub themfelves with a Pigment made wit^ I^eaves, Roots, or Herbs, or with ^ fort of red J&J^rth, giving their Skins a yellow, red, or green €07 jour, according as the Figment is* And thefe fmell unfavourly enough to People not accuftomed. to them } though not (q rank as ^ofe ^ho qPs Oil Of Greafe. _, , , ,-f: i;,- • The Hottantots do wear no covering on their Heads, but deck their Hair with faiaHShclt*. Their Garments are Sheep-lkins wrapt about their Shoulders like^a Maptlc, with the woolly Sides next their Bodies. The Men have befides thif )VIantie a Piece of Skin like a fmall Apron« hanging before them. The Women have another Skin tucked about their Waifts , which comes ^own to their knees like a Petticoat $ and thtit Legs ^re wrapt round with Sheeps-guts two or three Inches thick, fome up as high as to theii: Calves, others even from their Feet to ^heir Knees , which at a fnnall Diilance feems to be a fort of Boots. Thefe are put on wheii they are green 5 and fo they grow hard and ftiff on their Lcgsj fpr they never pull them off a- gain, till they have orcafion to eat themj whicl| is when they journey from home, and have no o^ rher Food > then thefe Guts which have been worn^ jt may be, fix, eight, ten or twelve Months; make them a good Banquet: This I was informed of by the Dutch. They never pull off their Sheep- ikin Garments, but to lowfe themfelves, for by continual wearing them they are full of Vermin* which obliges them often to ftrip and (It ii^ the Day, live rem Lice, th( Lice thai thpfe hd North ar of Skin ;dttef^ <;on$antl] thefe Ho\ they are they, do little i or ilrong. ■ The Ho ever fee. ^nd ten 01 manner ro Ground, they are fj are filled thel Poles, Rufhes, ai ^iftance a pnly a fm Foot high when the ^ up, and 1 They mal and the S all parts o ipn. but tu Their t^ en Pot or ipiferably fail two ot ibout the U:: Theh Hdttpft, n9 t\^t^n two orchretf Hours togcchcrm thehrfat o^ di^^6^ the Day, to deftroy them. Indeed< nioft Indiani that ' live remote from the Equator^ ire molefted with Lice, though their Garments afford lefs fhelter ftfe Lice than thek fJottantots Shccp-ftins do. For all xhofe Indians who )ive in cold Countries, as in the Ncirth and South -parts of y^;»m(«, have fome fort of Skin or other to cover their Bodfts, as Deet, pttery Beaver or SeaMkins, all which they at fconi^ancly wear, without ihifcing themfelves, as tUtio^ Hottantots do their Sheep-lkins. And hence they are lowfy too, and ftrong fcented, though ihey do not aaub themfelves at all, or but very Jittje i or even by reafon of their Skins they fm*U ftrong. The Hottantoti Houfes are the mcaneft that I did ever fee. They are about nine or ten Foot high, and ten or twelve from fide to fide. They are in a xpanner round, made with fmall Poles (luck into th^ Ground, and brought together at the top, where they are fattened. The fides and topoftheHoufd are filled up with Boughs coarfely watled between th0 Poles, and all is covered over with long Grafs, Rufiies, and pieces of Hides r, and the Houfe at a pittance appears juft like a Hay-cock. They le^ve pnly a fmall hole on one fide about three or four Foot high, for a Door to creep in and out at ; but when the Wind comes in at this Door, they ftop ic up, and make another hole in the oppofite^ nde. They make the Fire in the middle of the Houfe; and the Smoak afcends out of the Crannies, from all parts of the Houfe. They have no Beds to lie pn. but tumble down at ^Jight round the Fire. Their Houfliold Furniture is commonly an earth- jMi pot or two to boil Vi(?fcuals, and they live very ipjferably and hard ; it is reported that they will faft two or three Days together when they travel about the Country. 54® Tlfeir Food and Bartering. >ik i6^i< Their common Food is either Herbs, Flefh, or Sheliofifti, whidi they get among the Rocks, or other places at low Water : For they have no Boats, Barklogs, nor Canoas to go a fifhins in ; fo that their chief Subliftence is on Land- Ani- mals, or on fuch Herbs as the Land naturally pro? duceth. I was told by my Dutch Landlord, that they kept SlTeep and Bullocks here before the T>utcb fettled among them ; and that the Inland HoUantots have ftill great (locks of Cattle, and fell them to the Dutch for Rolls of Tobacjco : And that the price for which they fell a Cow or Sheep, was as much twifted Tobacco, as would reach from the Horns or Head, to the Tail ; for they are great lovers of Tobacco, and will do any thing for it^ This their way of trucking was confirmed to me by many others, who yet faid that they could not buy their Beef this cheap way, for they had not the Li- berty to deal with tne Hottantots^ that being a Pri- viledge wjiich the Dutch Eajl-India Company rc- ferved to themfelves. My Landlord having a great many Lodgers, fed us molt with Mutton, fome of ivhich he bought of the Butcher, and there is but one in the Town ; but moll of it he killed in the Night, the Sheep being brought privately by ihe Hottantots^ who alTifted in Skinning and Dremng, and had the Skin and Guts for their Pains. I judge thefc Sheep were fetched out of the Country, a good way off, for he himfelf would be abfent a Day or two to procure them, and two or rhrec Hottafitots with him. Thefe of the Hottantots that live by the D«/f/> Town, have their greatefl Subfiften'ce from the Dutch, for there is one or more of them belonging to every Houfe. Thefe do all forts of fervile Work, and there take their Food and Greafe. Three or Four more of the neareft Relations fit .at the Doors or near the Dutch Houfe, waiting for the fcraps and fragmtnts thj^t come from tho Table i Table; j ^ave any the like, litUe for I ^Ot budg( Their : .unknown Wol, nor hear of. at the n< if they h the Full e making a twice at t Moon aro for an Hoi both Men odly on t\ traced to |:heir Hanc fometimes ' Neither di yfed when more than tcr I h^d t ed to my 300 Paces ^nging in 1 of the Mc many of dancing ; Moon wer them *goin| to theii At Negroes ai te$,'a^ to being mon {^nd Ufe th( Their dancing by Moon-light. 541 Tabic; and if between Meals the Dutch People '^»« »*9»' jiave any occafion for them, to go on Errands, or ^i^VNI the like, they are ready at Command *, expedtihe lit(lc for their Pains -, but for a Stranger they wiR AOt budge under a Stiver. Their Religion, if they have any, is wholly lumknown to me *, for they have no Temple nor Jidol* nor any Place of Worfhip that I did fee or bear. of. Yet their mirth and nocturnal Paftimes at the new and full of the Moon, lookt as if thcy^ had fome Superftition about it. For at the Full efpecially they fmg and dance ^11 Night, making a great Noife : I walked out to their Huti twice ^t thefe times, in the Evening, when the Moon acofe above the Horizon, and viewed them for an Hour or more. They feem all very Bufie, both Men, Women and Children, dancing very pdly on the green Grafs by their Houfcs. They traced to and fro promifcuoufly, often clapping |:heir H^indis and finging aloud. Their Faces were fometimes to the Eaft, fometimes to the Weft s Neither did J fee any Motion or Gefture that they yfed when their Faces were towards the Moon^^ more than when their Backs were toward it. Af- ter I h^d thtis obferved them for a while, I return- ed to my Lodging, which was not above 2 or 300 Paces fropi cneir Huts ; and I heard them finging in the fame manner all Night. In the grey of the Morning I walked out again, and found many of the Men and Women ftill finging and idancing ; who continued their Mirth till the Moon went down, and then they left off; Some of them 'going into their Huts ta fleep, and others- to theii Attendance in their Dutch Houfes. Other Negroes arc lefs circumfpeft in their Night-Dan- te§, a^ to the perciffi time of the Full-Moon, they being more general in thefo nofturnal Paftimes* ^nd ufe them ofcner > as do many People alfo in th<| ^41 Thef nfrefb thmftloes at the Cape, Vi». 1^1. (he Eaft and JVeft-Indies : Yet there is a difference t/'VX between cdlder and warnner Countries as to their DivercHementSi The warmer Climates being ge- nerally very productive of delicate l^ruits, (dc, ahd thefe uncivilized People .caring for little eife- than what is barely neceffary , they fpend the grtateft part of .their) time in diverting themfelves, after their fevered Fafhions *, but • the i!v^i ling for their Subiiftence ', not ai with us for Re- creation. ': :.>i :;■■> ' ' ' ■ nrAs for thtCi MoUantotSy thef arc a very lazy fort of Pedpl V^Jf^g'^ ^ SanCI Hdieha; 4f»|^i69i« redact them again within Bouftdi. The Ouns, bk"* ^ ing carefully looked after and la(hed faft, never budged, but the Tackles or Pulleys, and lAlhings, made gteat Mufick coo. The fudden and violent Motion of the Ship, made us fearful left fome of the Guns fliould have broken loofe, which muft have been very detrimental to the Ship's fides. The Mafts were alfo in great danger to be row^ed by the board ; but no harm happened to any of us,| be- iides the lofs of three or four Buts of Water, and a Barrel or two of good Cape Wine, which was ftaved in the great Cabbin. This great tumbling Sea, took us Shortly after we came from the Cape. The violence of it Jaded but one Night i yet we had a continual Swel" J ing came out of the S. W. almofl: during all the Panage to Santa Hellena ; which was an eminent Token that the S. W. Winds were now violent in the higher Latitudes towards the South Pole *, for this was the time of the Year for thofe Winds. Notwithflanding this boifterous Sea coming thus obliquely upon us, we had fine clear Weather, and a moderate Gale at S. E. or between that and the Kail, till we came to the Ifland Santa Hellena^ where we arrived the 20th Day of June, There we found the Princefs Ann at an Anchor waiting for us. The Ifland Santa Hellena lies in about 16 De- grees South Lat. The Air is commonly ferene and clear, except in the Months that yield Rain ]*, yet we had one or two very rainy Days, even while we were here. Here are moift Seafons to plane and fow, and the Weather is temperate enough as to Heat, though fo near the Equator, and very healthy. The Idand is but fmall, not above nine or ten Leagues in length, and ftands 3 or 400 Leagues from the main Land. It is bounded againft the . . ' Sea bftk 6ea with but at tvi mountain yet they The Mo you may afford foi formed. This li and fetth Goats an ferted by >ng it cor fettled it it for a n of Good h I>anY fettl tifyit, bu the Year Kept it in ported in re-take it, that had armed M known to ing the J came in the Fort, ley. Froi made the two or thi chor, or there. 1 were Maft gone^ but of them b( his Men. kV 8, be"* never hings riolent nt of [thave The by the iSi bc- and a ftaved ly after of it ISwcl- all the :mineivc )lent in ie*, for Winds, ng thus ^er, and and the where ^ere we ing for i6 De- ene and _, yrCt n while ,0 plant enough d very or ten ^eagues inft the Sea Of the fivtrsl Owners of Santa Helicna. '545 6ea with deep Rocks, fo that there is no landing ^*« «^»- but at two or three Places. The Land is high and <^>^NI mountainous* and fecms to be very dry and poor i yet they are fine Valleys, proper for Cultivation. The Mounuini appear bare, only in fome Placet you may fee a few low Shrubs, but the Valleyt afford fotne Trees fit for Building, as I was in* formed. This Ifland is faid to have been firft difcovered and fettled by the Portuguefe^ who ftockt it with Goats and Hogs. But it being afterwards de- ferted by them, it lay wafte, till the Dutch find- ing it convenient to relieve their Eafi-India Ships, fettled it again \ but they afterwards relinqui(hed It for a more convenient rlace ; I mean the Cape of Good Hope, Then the Englijh Eaft'India Corn- pan]^ fettled their Servants there, and began to for- tify it, but they being yet weak, the Dutch about the Year 1672 came hither, and re-took it, and kept it in their PoflelTion. This News being re- ported in England^ Captain Monday was fent to re-take it, who by the advice and condudt of one that had formerly lived there, landed a Party of armed Men in the Night in a fmall Cove, un- known to the Dutch then in Garrifon, and climb- ing the Rocks, got up into the Ifland, and fo came in the Morning to the Hills hanging over the Fort, which (lands by the Sea in a fmaH Val- ley. From thence firing into the Fort, they foon made them furrender. There were at this time two or three Dutch Eafl-India Ships, either at An* chor, or coming thither, when our Ships were there. Thefe, when they faw that the Englijh were Mafters of the Ifland again, made fail to be gone \ but being chaced by the Englijh Frigots, two of them became rich Prizes to Capt, Monday and his Men. The 5 4^ TJbe itringthytowny&^roiuSi iff Santa Wcltenai; Jb^. 1697. The Ifland hath continued ever fince ui the i/V^ Hands of the Englijh Eajl- India Company, and hath .been greatly ftrengthencd both with Men and ^ons ; fo that at this Day it is fecurc enough from the In- -Tafion of any Enemy. For the common Landing- iPIace is a fmall Bay, like a Half Moon, fcarce 500 Paces wide, between the two Points. Clofe by the Sea- fide are good Guns planted at equal difl^- xcs, lying along from one end of the Bay to the o- . ither ; befides a fmall Fort, a little further in from -the Sea, near the midft of the Bay. All whic^i •snakes the Bay fo ftrong, that it is impoiTible to force it. The fmall Cove where /Captain Monday Janded his Men when he took the Ifland from the Dutehf is fcarce fit for a Boa^ to land at; and yet that is now alfo fortified. .There is a fmall Englijh Town within the er^at iBay, ilanding in a little Valley, between two n(i^h ileep Mountains. There may be about twenty dr thirty fmall Houfes, whofe Walls are built With rough Stones : The infide Furniture is very ntiean. TheGovernour hath a pretty tolerable handfome low iHoufe, by the Fort ; where he commonly lives, having a few Soldiers to attend him, and to guard the Fort. But the Houfes in the Town ^before-mentioned (land empty, fave only when Ships arrive here j for their Owners have all •Plantations farther in the Ifland, where they con- ilantly employ themfelves. But when Ships ar- rive, they all flock to the Town, where they liv: all the time that the Ships lie here ; for then h, their Fair or Market, to buy fuch Neceflaries as they want, and to fell off the Produdt of their Plan- tations. c. Their Plantations afford Potatoes, Yames, and fome Plantains and Bonanoes. Their Stock con- fills chiefly cf Hogs, Bullocks, Cocks and Hens, Ducks, Geefe, and Turkeys, of Which they have ;: - r great great pi Sailors, any ligh Muzlins much efi they are in a fh( plant Vir Men the] put I faw I was af feeing tl: that they feenied vi more ftri tielUna ] thinner oi tures call ' cpiTie afli j-pcky Sh feeding fc Ifland the there is a Valley by Wefl:a (he Ifland Seamen ; themfclvej touching Seamen o laiiders poorer foi fayfng, it ihould be hinder the they were was rema poor: bu fcilena; in the nd hath thcln- anding- fcarce ^ofe by diftall- ) the o- in from 1 whic^i ITibleto Monday rom the and yet ie ^r^at wo r(i^h ^enty dr kilt ^ith y ttiean. indfome mmonly m, and le Town Jy when lavc all icy con- hips ar- hey liv: ' then >.* ffaries as sir Plan- nes, and )ck con- id Hens, ey have great No ilanate^ii^Hdknit: '% nf greiit plehty, and fell them at ^a lower rate to the -rf*. i^pr: Sailors, tkking in exchange, Shirps, DraTyer$, qr^^VSJ any light Cloaths ; pieces of Callico, Silks, or Muzlins : Arack, Sugar, and Lime-juice, is alfo much efteemed and cove|:ed by therti. But now they are in hopes to produce Wine and Brandy, in a Ihort time ; for the^' ' do already be^in tp plant Vines for that end, there being a few Frencb Men there to manage that Aflf^ii'. This I was told, put I faw nothing of it, foi; it rained fo hard when I was aftiore, that I ha4 hoi the opportunity of feeing theif Plantations. T was alfo informefdi that they get Manatee Or Sea-Co\(rs here, whidh j(eemed very ftrange to me. Therefore enquiring more ftridlly into the matter, 1 found tht^Sani4 tielUna Manatee to be, by their Ih^pes, and iri^nner of lying i^fliore on the kocks, thofeCrca^ tures called Sea-lyons*, for the Manatee ne^e^ ■ come afhore, neither are they, found nc^r' any j-ocky Shores, ai this Ifland is, there being ho feeding for them in fuch places. Befides,-in this Ifland there is no River for them to drink at, th6' there is a fmall Brook run^ into the Sea, but of the Valley by the Fdft. y. -uiz We ftayed here five 6r fix Days ; all which tlm^ the Iflandefs lived at the Town, to entertain the Seamen -, who ' confliantly flock afhore, to ehjby ^hemfelves among their Country People. Oui* touching at the Cape had ^greatly drained th^ 3eamen of Iheir loofe COr-ns, at which thefe Ifi ladders as greatly repined-, and lome of thd poorer fort openly complained againft fuch doings, faying, it was fit that the Eaji-Jndia Companj? fliould be acquainted with it, that they might hinder their Ships from touching at the Cape. Yec they were extreamly kind, in hopes to get what was remaining. They are mod of them very poor ; but fuch as could get a' little Liquor to fell Nn to 54f Tke Women of Santa Hellena. ^•^69i«tothe Seamen at this time got what the Seamc« ' could fpare •, for the Punch-houfes were never empty. But had we all come diredly hither, and not touched at the Cape, even the pooreft People among them would have gotten fomething by entertaining Tick Men. For commonly the Seamen CO' ling home, are troubled, more or lefs with fcorbutick Diftempers: and their only hopes are to get refrefliment and health at this ifland ; and thefe hopes feldom or never fail them, if once they get footing here. For the Iflands afford abundance of delicate Herbs, wherewith the Sick are firft bathed to fupple their Joints, and then the Fruits and Herbs, and frem food foon after cure them of their fcorbutick Humours. So that in a Week's time Men that 'have been carried afhore in Hammocks, and they who were wholly unable to go, have foon been able to leap and dance. Doubtlefs the ierenity and wholefomnefs of the Air contri- butes much to the carrying off of thefe Diftem- pers i for here is conftantly a frefh breeze. While we ftayed here, many of the Seamen got Sweet- hearts. One young Man belonging to the James and Mar'j^ was married, and brought his Wife to England with him. Another brought his Sweet- heart to England^ they being each engaged by Bonds to marry at their Arrival in England \ and fcveral other of our Men, were over Head and Ears in Love with the Santa Hellena Maids, who tho* they were born there, yet very carneftly defired to be releafed from that Prifon, which they have no other way to compafs, but by marrying Seamen, or Paffengers that touch here, The young Women born here, ai'e but one remove from Englijhy being the Daughters of fuch. They are well Ihaped, proper and comely, were they in a Drefs to fet them off. My *■ They depart from Santa Hcllcna? 'J49 My ftay alhorc here was but two Days, .o get •^«^«5»« Rcfrelhmcnts for my felf and Jeoly^ whom Icarr ' ^'^ ' ried afliore with me : and he was very diligent to pick up fuch things as the Iflands aflTorded, carry- ing aihore with him a Bag, Which the People of the Ifle filled with Roots for him. Thev flock'd about him, and feemed to admire him much. This was the laft place where I had him at my own difpofal, for the Mate of the Ship, who had Mr. Moody's Ihare in him, left him entirely to my ma- nagement, I being to bring him to England, But I was no fooner arrived in the Thames, but he was fent aihore to be feen by fome eminent Pcrfotis } and I being in want of Money, was prevailed upon to fell firft, part of my ihare in him, and by degrees all of it. After this I heard he was carried about to be fhown as a Sight, and that he died of the Small-pox at Oxford. . But to proceed, our Water being filled, and the Ship all uock'd with frefh Provifion, we failed from hence in Company of the Princefs Ann, the James and Mary, and the Joftab, July the 2d, 1 69 1 .■ diredling our courfe towards England, and dcfign- ing to touch no where by the way. We were now in the way of the Trade Winds, which we commonly find at £. S. £. or S. £. by £. or S. £. till we draw near the Line, and fometimes till we are eight or ten degrees to the North of the Line. For which reafon Ships might fhape their courfe fo, as to keep on the African Ihore, and pafs between Cape Verd and Cape Verd Iflands *, for that feems to be the dire6teft courfe to England, But expe- rience often fhews us, that the fartbeft way about is the neareft way home, and fo it .is here. For by driving to keep near the African Shore, you meet with the Winds more uncertain, and fubjeft to calms; whereas in keeping the mid^way be- tween Africa and America, or rather nearer the N n 2 American 1 SiO Their Arrival h the DowASi ' J^it^e^x. American Continent, till you ai'c Noi'th of the Line, you h^ve a brisk conftant gale. . , This was the way that we took, and in our pa^^ fa^e before we got to the Line,, we faw three Ship$^ and making towards them,., we found two of them to be Portuguefe^ bound to BfaziL The third kept on a Wind, fo that we Could not fpcak with h,er ; but we found by the Pprtu^efe it was m ^ftgiifi Shipi called the Dorothy^ Qz.pt. Thwart Commander, bound to the Eaji- Indies. After this we kept Company ft ill with our Tliree Conforts till we came near Englandy and then were feparated \)y bad weather 5 but before we came within fight f>i Land wc got together again, all but the jArHes and Mary, She got into the Channel be- fore us, and went to Plftnputh^ and there gave an ^ccourtt of the reft of us ; whereupon our Men of War who lay there, came oiit to. join us., and meeting us, brought us off ot Plymouth . There our Confort the James and Mary came to. us again, and from thence we all failed in company of feve- ral Men of War towards Port/moutb. There our firft Convoy left us, and went in thither. But we did not waist Convoys, for our Fleets were then re- pairing to their Winter Harbours, to be laid up 5 fo that we had the company of feveral Englijh Ships to the Dowiis, and a Squadron alfo of Dutch failed up the Channel, but kept off farther from our Englifit Coaft, they being bound home to Holland, When we came as high as the South Foreland^ we left them ftanding on their Courfe, keeping on the Back .of the Goodwin^Sands ; and wc lutit in for the Downs f where we anchored September the 16th, 169^1. . BOOKS BOOK. K N AE Church AColIcfl rtin D or Lonel Waj Mate CO Capi Globe. V. < VI. Capt. Pf Sufferings, a the Archiftlt alio feveral B World, curu Atlat Mar World, fo fa the Coafts, I lateft Difcov large Accoiu Countries ot for all the ki Sea-Charts ) i Adapted for i Compa/s. / of Great'Brit To which ar Equino^lial ; of great Ufe An Hiftori a Geographic mentioned or ment. Thro ha?e been U "Whereby the as ufefuJ. II wherein ic re remarkable. PPiUi, D. D. The younj 8vo. 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