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 Britannicus' Letters published in the Ottawa " Citizen." 
 
 (('ITIZEN, 28tli Dooomber, 1875.) 
 
 THE PACIFIC PROVINCE. 
 
 Bribe to British Columbia.— That $760,000 ! 
 
 LETTEK 3Vo. 1. 
 
 To the Editor of The Citizen. 
 
 Dear Sir, — I would, on this subject, in its imiuinence to 
 us all of Canada, beg permission to offer a word or two, and 
 this, although you have so well put forward your points on 
 it — and which, I perceive, have been copied, with due credit 
 to you, by the Montreal Gazette. 
 
 Absence has prevented nic from earlier noticing the 
 thing. 
 
 In former letters in the Gazette and also in your columns, 
 I have taken occasion to state and comment on the so-called 
 " British Columbia difficulty," and more particularly as to the 
 solution or "settlement" of that difficulty by the arbitra- 
 ment (Lord Carnarvon's) to which the parties more imme- 
 diately interested in the issue had agreed. 
 
 Now, in this " new shuHle of the cards," as you so aptly 
 call it, we have — strange to say — what (to me at least) 
 seems a total ignorement of that arl)itrament — one which this 
 same Ministry in the Government of Canada had pledged 
 ilself to abide by, and which, l)y formal Minute of Council of 
 18tli December, 1874 — one short year ago, a month after 
 Lord Carnarvon's decision — they unreservedly acknowledged 
 in the Ibllowing terms, viz. : — " The Committee of Council 
 " request that Your Excellency will be pleased to convey to 
 " Lord Carnarvon their warm appreciation of the kindness 
 " which led his lordship to tender his good offices to effect a 
 " settlement of the matter in dispute, and also to assure his 
 " lordship that every effort will be made to secure the reali- 
 " zation of what is expected." (See page 51 of Blue Book, 
 « Terms of Union," of 1875.) 
 
 2Hfi787 
 
What the tcniiHhiid down by Lord (Juinarvon wero, need 
 not 1)0 luTO repeated at full lenj-th, but for tlie present argu- 
 ment it may \)d \v<dl to refer to them ; ])rie(ly, they were : 
 
 1. "That the railway from Esquimault to Nanaimo 
 shoukl be commeneed as soon a.s possible, and completed with 
 all practicable despatch." 
 
 2. '' That the surveys on the uKihihdd should ])e pushed 
 on with the utmost vigor." 
 
 3. " That the waggon road and telegraph line should ))0 
 " immediately constructed * * * ' I am of opinion,' said 
 " Lord Carnarvon, in his minute of award, ' that they should 
 " bo proceeded with at once, as, indeed, is suggested by your 
 Minister.' — He is addrcssiuG: the Earl of Dnfferin as Oover- 
 nor-General. 
 
 4- '• That S2,000,()0() (two millions of dollars) a year,and 
 '•' not $1,500,01)0 shall be the mininum expenditure on rail- 
 '' icay works within the Province from the date at v>'hich the 
 '•' surveys aresidlieiently com})letcd to enable thai amount to 
 be expended on construction." And, here, Mr. Editor, 1 
 would point to the reason of this requirement as given by 
 Lord Carnarvon in this solemn state paper, for this paramount 
 " statute labor." — His words, on this head, are, '•' in naming 
 this amount. I understand that, 
 
 it 
 
 "rr liKiN'c; ai.iki; iiiK ixterkst and wish of thk Iiominion gov- 
 
 " KKN.MKNT 
 
 " to urge on, with all speed, the completion of the Vv'orksnow 
 " to be undertaken, the annual expenditure will be as much 
 " in excess of the iiiinimum of $2,000,000 as in any year it 
 " may ])e found practicable." 
 
 5. " Lastly, that on or Indbre the 31st December, 1800, 
 " the railway shall be completed and open for traffic from the 
 " Pacific seaboard." [Not from Vancouver's Island, be it 
 remarked] "' to a i)oiat at the western end of Lake Superior," 
 &c — and he ])roceedrf to observe, by way of (Jicfuui, ohlter — 
 " The day is, howevei', I hope, ' ot very distant when a con- 
 " tinuous line of railway through Canadian ten'itory will Ije 
 " practicable, and I therefore look upon this portion [i.e., north 
 '"' of Lakes Superior and Huron) of the scheme as postponed. 
 "rather than abandoned." 
 
8 
 
 In connoction with IIiIh, and m indicative of the guiding 
 principle, wliich, as a primnrn inohlle, moved llie essentially 
 British Colonv of British Columbia in takin'j; the determined 
 stand it did on the vital federal pact with thi; Dominion of 
 Canada, and which Lord Carnarvon accepted, I wouhl here 
 cite tin* 2^''<^posifi(m of Attorney-(leneral Waliscm, as laid in 
 his letter to the Karl of Carnnrvoii, of dale October olst, 
 1874, given nsin ])age 4'> of the Blue Bo(jk,'' Terms (.>(' Union." 
 already referred to. His word.-i are these : 
 
 " This railway agreement, while pnr])osely and iu i)art 
 " framed, as I shall hereafter show, to promote the interests of 
 " British Columl)ia, /v nof (ni ai/ntnicjit for (lie eoitsiniction of 
 '' a railtcKt/ within nwrclij procinciul lintii.'^^ for sinijilij procia- 
 " cial purjiO'Srs. It is an agreement of a much more comprc- 
 " hens' '■e character, designed, in fact, maiuly to advance, and 
 " indeed to effect, 
 
 ^'A real Union and vonsolidaiioit oj ihc Briliali Poasessiuns 
 ^' OIL iltc Coniincid of North America. • - - 
 
 " In the attainment of this great end, '• British Columbia 
 " is, owing to her present isolation, especially interested." 
 
 In thi:' joint and several interest — I hold — this solidarity 
 in its largest, deepest and most eminent sense — is that essen- 
 tial m(7ir/.5/7^//<7//, (an element) in the ^■ital contract — the great 
 federal compact in question. And even beyond that ; in 
 Empire interest, does that principle of solid'tary — "United 
 we stand ; divided we fall " — hold Avith all the inherent Ibrce 
 of national etre. So obvious is this, that even the present Gov- 
 ernment, in its Minnte of Council of 17th September, 1874, 
 consenting (though evidentl\' unwillingly) to arbitration, and 
 in diplomatic deference to the expressed sentiments and views 
 of Her Majesty's Secretary of State for the Colonies, in ap- 
 proaching the matter of ar))itrament, was pleased to say — 
 " The lot of British Columbia is cast ih with the other 
 '' North American Provinces." — Query, Why omit the word 
 "British" in the designation of British North America? 
 " And it becomes the duty " — continues the Minute to say — 
 " of all the Confederated "Provinces to consider to some 
 " extent the j/e«er(?/ weltare." ' 
 
 So far, well ! Now for the application of this incontest- 
 able principle in Canadian polity ! Let us see how, in this 
 
last ".shiiflle," it is (if at all) being carried out. But I uiust 
 defer further remarks to another letter. 
 
 Ottawa, 27th December, 1875. 
 
 Yours, &c., 
 
 BKITANNICUS. 
 
 CiTizKN, 30th December, 187(». 
 
 Bribe to British Columbia.— That '' $750,000." 
 
 To ihe Editor of The Citizkn. 
 
 Dear Sir, — In the Minute of Council of 20th September 
 last, but 07ily now made known to us, and that via British 
 Columbia, where it has just been " sprung," for its own dark 
 purpose; must we look for its " reason" — reason of its mys- 
 tery. The whole thing is, as you well remark, rather 
 obscure, and is a piece of special pleading dillicult to under- 
 stand. Although, pro})ably, from habit of work, more accus- 
 tomed to the unravelment of special pleadings, in the courts, 
 than yourself, I must say I agree with you. The *' reasoning" 
 — if reasoning it can be called — is, to borrow a term from the 
 French logicians, en cerde viclcvx ; and further, lacking ground, 
 they (the dictators of such Minute) make ground, make facts, 
 — i.e , a story of them untrue — as they did not hesitate to do 
 as to certain i)retended " insurmountable" physical difliculties 
 in British Columljia^ and which I had occasion to contradict 
 and expose in your columns, ])y reference to Mr. Fleming's 
 survey reports, official, and as published in Blue Book. So 
 far as I can gather, however, 
 
 THE EXCUSE GIVEN IS, THAT AN IN'CHKASE OF TAXATION 
 
 would be necessary for procedure with the work of a Pacific 
 Railway. The words of the Minute on this point are these : 
 — " And it cannot be too clearly understood that any agree- 
 " ment as to yearly expenditure, and as to completion by a 
 "•fixed time, must be subject to the condition thrice recorded 
 " in the journals of Parliament, that no further increase of 
 
'* the rate of taxation shall be required in order to their fid-" 
 " fihnent." 
 
 Let us see if this be true. 
 
 The only legislation, tlie only entries in the "journals 
 of Parliament," on this point, will be found formulated in the 
 original Statute, chapter 71, of 35 Vic. (1872)— the Macdonald 
 Act, under the head " Av. Act respecting tlie Canadian Paci- 
 fic Railway," and in the Mackenzie Act (chap. 14, of 37 Vic.) 
 on the same subject. The " third " entry in "journals" pro- 
 bably refers to the original resolutions on which the Mac- 
 donald scheme was based. 
 
 On this point, as to increase of taxation, the words of the 
 first Act, in preamble, are as follows : — " And that the pul)lic 
 " aid to be given to secure that undertaking shoidd consist 
 " of such liberal grants of hind, and such subsidy in money, 
 "or other aid, not incrcimncj the present rate of taxation, as the 
 " Parliament of Canada should thereafter determine." 
 
 The italicization is my own, and merely for indication. 
 
 In the Mackenzie Act the terms on this point are : — 
 "And that the public aid to be given to secure its accomplish- 
 " ment should consist of such liberal grants of land, and such 
 "subsidy in money, or other aid, not increasing the then 
 " existing rate of taxation, as the Parliament of Canada should 
 " thereafter determine." 
 
 " That is " — as I read it — " that Parliament shall grant 
 enough of lands, as well as money, to obviate increase of taxa- 
 tion." Nothing more, nothing less. 
 
 In interpretation of this, moreover, \\\<i context of these 
 Acts is to be taken. That context, in key-note preamble, 
 sets forth — " That the Government of the Dominion sJiall" — 
 I am citing, verhatun, from the Mackenzie Act — " shall " — 
 mark the term imperative! — " construct a railway from the 
 Pacific towards the Pocky Mountains, and from such point 
 as may be selected for the purpose east of the Rocky Moun- 
 " tains towards the Pacific, to connect the seaboard of British 
 "Columbia with the railway system of Canada." The grounds 
 of such imperative necessity (already abundantly stated and 
 well known) are given in the Act. On the other hand, there 
 is not a word, from first to last, in that statute, nor in any 
 statute, nor in any journal entry of Parliament, so far as I 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 
6 
 
 can learn, to the effect, that in case of insufliciency of aid 
 granted, or of necessity of increase of taxation for tlie work, 
 that it .siiouhl be (]ro[)j)eil, if hegun, or that, if not hegnn, it 
 shonhl not be ho, at the earlieat poHf^ibie moment. The ex- 
 prea.sion as to '* non-increase of taxation," ^vas, obvionsly, 
 merely in predicate, on the assumption tluit the aid vouch- 
 safed would be ample to provide against sucli extra taxation, 
 and, certainly, not as a condition precedent or resolutory. So 
 that we have, in this i-espect, this singuhir incident, viz., a 
 State paper — the "Minute" 'v\ cpiestion — gravely stating as 
 law, statute law lioni tiie very Ministers of State themselves 
 who drew or dictated such Minute, what really is not l<iir, 
 and urging fJiaf as a State reason for cliange of polity in tliis 
 great matter. 
 
 But to proceed with my ai'gament. ■ i 
 
 Supposing, however, for the .sake of argument, that the 
 hnv be such as is contended in the Minute, the (piestion ari.«es : 
 h an Increase of taxation, for the railn'aj/, yieccssary f 
 
 I think not. As Sir Jolin A. Macdonald truly said the 
 other day, in his great speech at the White bamjuet in Mon- 
 treal, and as Dr. Tuppei- lias also, in his place in the llonse of 
 Commons, well saiti, t!ie lands along the line of railway, so 
 soon as made, would, most probably, have sold at an average 
 of $5 per acre, according to ruling prices (from ^4 U) $10 per 
 acre) of American lands (inferior to ours) along newly laid 
 railways in the Prairie States, across our horde:-; and ont of 
 the alternate blocks reserved by the (lovernment there would 
 have been ami)le to ])ay interest and sinking finid (Uithe 
 Dominion bonds for the successive payment.,', sa}', in pro- 
 gressive accretion, $3,000,000 (three million dollars) per an- 
 num, out of the $30,(X)0,000 of money aid. Five per cent, 
 per annum, for interest and sinking fund on $8,000,000 is 
 only $150,000, and after the first year of work in construc- 
 tion Avould, with the payments ratealily on work done, be 
 assuredly recouped by hind sales. 
 
 But it may be asked — Have not the present occupants 
 of our Treasury Benches money enough in hand already for 
 commencement, and even for a year or two hence or morCj 
 for the work in question? ," ! " : *. ■ . 
 
 
 k-\ 
 
S(. 
 
 so 
 
 be 
 
 more, 
 
 WHAT OF THK ^30/100,000 (TlIIRrV M I I.MON'S) .IUST rU»i:no\VKI) |»V OIFl 
 FIN'AXCK MINISTKIt, OSTKN'SlliLV rlllKFLV I'OU THIS \V<iKi:. 
 
 On tho 14 til of iM:iv, hSil, ikmi'Iv I wo voiirs a;io, the 
 Mockenzie Piicilii' Ixaihvay Act, ;j,'iviiij!; I'liil [)o\v(.'r lor iimiic- 
 diate and urgent action, wa.s pas.sed. Then, tlu; wliolo route 
 from Kipissing to Vancouver'H Fhl'V'!, had been, almost ex- 
 liauHtivfly, explored and surveyed by an imineuMe and most 
 efficient wtaff; and ^h'. Fleming, :vltli more than a million 
 dollarK worth of jdans of ^urv('\ in I.ind, had, four monlhs 
 her»re. formally reported not only ixf (t-sihle roiitci'mm Atlan- 
 uc to Pacific weaboard, but (^ne pre- M.ilnently supei'ior to all 
 others hiring or possi])le in Unit'd States latitudes. 
 
 YET, TO THIS [).\V. \VK HAVE NOT A I'OOT OF TACIFK' RAILWAY MADK ; 
 
 AND KVi:.'^ RIUVKV IS STOlTilii. 
 
 Ah to other pu'olic works, canal, what of them ? Let 
 Montreal answer, Ji<iie Verio answci', Manitoba answer, and 
 our whole Dominion I'rom Victoria to Halifax answer — not a 
 Hpa<5c turned; not a cent to the exceptant starvin*^ laborers, 
 honewtly and nobly, in their own way seeking woik in their 
 own country, and for it ! 
 
 As to the Ksquiinault (pronounced S(iuymoll) and Na- 
 niamo RaihvaA', it was the excej^tional votes of Senator Penny 
 and two or three others of that side that gave a casting pre- 
 iK>iiderancc to the Conservative minority, and Mhich minority, 
 it wa« well known, was inihienced by the rumour, strongly 
 believed, that an American '• ring" was organized to grasp 
 this thing. The policy of the present (lovernment as to it 
 was different from that of the preceding one, who, I under- 
 stolid, ever regarded and treated it as, integrally, of the main 
 line of the Canadi-in Pacific Kailway, and they actually, by 
 their engineer start', broke ground for the railway on it, on or 
 before the 20th day of July, 1873, within the " two years," 
 according to the Terms of Union. 
 
 On the other hand, the Mackenzie Ministry, by Minute 
 of Council, 23r(l July, 1874, [see page 31, of Blue Book, 
 " Term of L'nion," &c., already cited], and as is also admitted 
 in the Minute of Council of 20tli September last, now before 
 U3, limited the western section of the Canadian Pacific Rail- 
 way to the " seaboard " on the mainland, and thereby ex- 
 
8 
 
 M? 
 
 eluded the i.slaiid work in question from the main scheme. It 
 was in such mutilated or excised shape thai it was brought 
 before the House by this pro- American Ministry, and even in 
 that form, and although deprecating such change, Dr. Tupper 
 and others of the Ministry — the fathers of the original 
 scheme — voted for it ; voted, not, perhaps, in apprr-viii of the 
 work as one merely local, but to obviate any charge or sus- 
 picion of tergiversation on their part against British Columbia 
 or any part of it. 
 
 Yours, ■ -^ 
 
 • . . . BRITANNICUS. 
 
 Dec. 28th, 1875. - ' ■ •: 
 
 LEXXKll ]Vo. :5. 
 
 . ' Citizen, 3rtl January, 1876. '' 
 
 Liribe to British Columbia. -That " $7B0,000." 
 
 To the Editor of The Citizen : 
 
 Dear Sir, — The next point I would raise is, as to the 
 pretence that this contingency of non -execution in case of ne- 
 cessity, of increase of taxation for the work, was distinctly 
 advanced in the proposition, or terms for arbitration as agreed 
 on. On this head, the words of the Minute, [of September last] 
 now before us, are as follows : — " The other important feature 
 of the arrangement." — N. B. — The only " other," previously 
 discussed, was the Esquimault and Nanaimo Bailway — 
 " namely " — says the Minute—" the limitation of time for the 
 "completeness of a certain portion, and the specification of a 
 "certain yearly expenditure, were deemed to be within the 
 " meaning of the Pacific Railway Act, 1874/' (viz, the Mac- 
 kenzie Act aforesaid^) " su^>Ject of course, to the condition cdrcady 
 " mentioned, and wJiich loas referred to in the Minute of Council, 
 '■^ of Decend)er 18//<, 1874, luhen. the (fO^'tv/z^ic^;/^ ' expressed a 
 " ' willingness to make these further concessions/ " &c. 
 
 The "condition" in question, as the said Minute of Sep- 
 tember shows, was, as I have stated, non-execution of work 
 in case of necessity of increase of taxation, <id hoc. 
 
 Referring to, and carefully reading the Minute of 18tli 
 December, alluded to — it is very short, covering only half a 
 
 P 
 
 ^N 
 
9 . . 
 
 page of ordinary Bluo Bjok — and also thu MiiiuLe ot'17tli 
 September, 1874, in Avliicli tlie proposUa and arguments pro of 
 Council, on the proposed arbitration, are set fortli in full, and 
 with more tlian special pleading, and referring also to all 
 Minutes of Council and every conceivable documentor paper, 
 as published, in this matter, \ fail to And any mention, or 
 allusion in any way, to sucli a •• condition," directly or in- 
 directly, and the inuendo, or premiss, on this head, in this 
 State paper — State paper to destroy the scheme of this inter- 
 oceanic railwav in Canada — is 
 
 iTTEi;r,v c.sritrK. 
 
 Further — I say, if sucli a pretension had been made to 
 Lord Carnarvon, it would have been such a self-stultification on 
 the part of the Dominion Government as Avould at once 
 have caught his intelligence, and would have at once 
 been set aside — set aside as totally, and, in its nature, neces- 
 sarily, unfounded. In all matters, a rule imperative — as is 
 the Statute in question, in its terms, perem])torily ordering 
 this railway construction — must not only subordinate, but 
 even, if need be, override ar^y vierch/ dirccforij, or internal 
 rule, proper to it, such as that immediately in <|uestion. In 
 this instance, however, there was, as 1 shall show, no neces- 
 sity to trench on such interiitil rule ; and if there bi' such 
 necessity now, 1 say that it has Ijeen caused by the wrongful 
 act or acts, neglect or neglects of those very men, who now 
 set up this cry to cover their shame, and at the same time 
 cloak their policy of total re])udiation of contract and sworn 
 duty as to this matter oi Pacific Railway. 
 
 TITEnE '-WAS AXl) IS No \i;(;i:;ssriT " Vn\i KXTU A TAXATION FOR TH[S 
 
 WOIUv. 
 
 I advance this on the following facts : — 
 
 1. When the subsidy (fil'ty millions of acres of lands fit 
 for settlement and $30,000,000 in money) was first voted, as 
 it w\as in the Macdoiuild Act, ad hoc, of 1872, the Duininion 
 fmanct's had been managed — so well managed — as to produce, 
 if I remember right, an average surplus of over a million and 
 a half dollars per annum, and tlie legitimat'3 employment of 
 
10 
 
 Mliidi Wiis ill ju8t such works of cliiof public inoiuciit as tlio 
 national railway in question. 
 
 2. That, two years afterwards, when, in tlie lueantiine, 
 over a million and a half had been Avell and wisely and 
 faithl'ally speiu in survey, and that, with the good result 
 already stated by me, the present Minij^try, by the Mackenzie 
 Act, ad hoc, in eflect, materially increased that subsidy, viz., 
 in the matter of lands, by giving selection (throughout our 
 wdiole Dominion wild lands) while allowing the original 
 <2'M«n^;n» per mile, and, in the matter of mone}-, b}', in effect, 
 addbuf to the original thirty millions of dollars ($10,000 per 
 mile, including branches and sidings) that mysteiious " i()ur 
 per cent, for twenty-five years," to lie paid to contractors on 
 " a" (id csf, (nil/) '' sum (to be stated in the contract) for each 
 "mile of the section or subsection, &c." I give, on this par- 
 ticular feature, the ipsi-wiuui rrrha of the statute. The pas- 
 sage speaks for itself — that is, that the Doininion is to horroio 
 from the poor contractors ! ! 
 
 3. At the same time, in the same session, the same Mi- 
 nistry, by its 17| ])er cent, of customs' tariff, increased taxa- 
 tion at the rate of IG 2-ords per cent. 
 
 4. At the same time, in the category of ])u])lic works to 
 be done, this then already advanced project of Pacific Railwav, 
 was pre-eminently the first in hand, one — as admitted on all 
 sides, and as solemnly declared In' Acts of Parliament — of 
 vital interest to the whole (Jonfederation. ^^-■:-:['',^r- '^i:. 
 
 At the same time, it is true, a very large inflation of 
 
 Canadian canal £chemes was just then started, but that, even 
 
 alread}', has collapsed into limits which may ))e called normal, 
 
 and which, in any case, siiould, at least, ])e co-ordinated with 
 
 : tlr railway scheme. 
 
 There are other facts which weigh, liut 1 must hurry to 
 close this. . . ? 
 
 Before \\aviug this point, however, I woidd glance at 
 the two relative scliemes of subsidy. 
 
 The MncdoimJd one was — as we all know — fiftv millions 
 
 of acres ahnxj or contiguous to line of raihvay or to its lands 
 
 ' on grant, and thirty millions in cash, payable rateably as the 
 
 work should progress, and with a bond power to tlie company 
 
 of $40,000 permile. . 
 
 ^h~^ 
 
■ 
 
 11 
 
 TliG Mackende subsidy, as explained, is, in eftect, douhle 
 tlij above both in lands and money. 
 
 In the former, as I have understood it, it was caleuhited 
 that with tlie land grant, at an npset price ol" ii^'i-oO for tlie 
 iiiter-blocks reserved b}' Gjvernment, and with no restric- 
 tion as lo price for lands not falling within the railway grant, 
 there would have been no diniculty in making the cash pay- 
 ments — comparatively small at first — or incase of default in 
 this respect, these early cash ])ayments, say as I have said 
 before, ^150,000 for interest and sinking iund, in the first of 
 the ten yeai'S hn* construction, and so on. That the Ministry 
 of that day were safe in such predication, the recorded results 
 of land sales in Manito])a, sin.ce then, abundantly show. The 
 Hudson's Bay Company alone, out of their allotment (not a 
 large one) only about 500 acres on Red River, have, accord- 
 ing to press reports of public land sales, sold to the amount 
 of a])0ut a million and a half. Add to that Crown Land sales, 
 including the City of Winnipeg with its 5,000 or nearly that 
 of active, and not nnrich population, ami also, at a valuation, 
 the large extent of free grants — a duplication of the preced- 
 ing estinuite — and wo have in all this a])undant evidence 
 that with the {idsance of the work through there, say from 
 Pembina to Winnipeg, and tlience direct to the Pacific, there 
 would have been ample land sales to pay, to both the rail- 
 way company and the (}t)vernment, all tinancial exigencies 
 in the scheme, and that, witb.out the slightest strain on the 
 general revenue — irii/iouf oifejarthu)'/ of extra taxation on the 
 people, and without the slightest prejudice to the public credit, 
 but the contrary. L say this from personal knowleilge of the 
 country, and from the personal knoweledge of the eagerness, 
 even in central and essentiallv agricultural Enuland, for early 
 settlement in our North-AVest, and even in the far Peace 
 River District, as you, Mr. Editor, have had occasion recently 
 to know in the apjilications to your office for information 
 from me, or for the further means of getting such as to the 
 glowing fields and pastures line in that furthei-, golden Ca- 
 nada — the '• Wild North Land," — whence, the other da}', 
 Pj'ofessor Selwyn (geologist) and Pi'ofessor Macoun (botanist) 
 brought samples of cereals, wheat and barley, probably un- 
 surpassed in excellence and value, vi/.: '-Wheat, GS lbs. the 
 
 2 a 078 7 
 
f I 
 
 12 
 
 bushel, and from GO to 85 bushels to the acre ; " " barley, 58 " 
 (not 48, so the press report give it) " the bushel." The first 
 wheat, sown on the slopes of the Kock)^ Mountains in those 
 high latitudes, was hy a relative of my own, fifty years ago. 
 I have his letter reporting; the fact at that time. 
 
 The extent of that further " fertile belt," is over three 
 hundred millions of acres. Had the Macdonald scheme gcme 
 on, that region would have lieen tapped by this time, for rail- 
 way from Pembina to the Northern Saskatchewan (route, all 
 prairie) could have been made at the rate of three miles or so 
 a day, as was done in the American Pacific railway, over like 
 ground. By such highway — a stretch of about four hundred 
 miles — a mine of iccalfJi, all sufficient for western as well as 
 eastern construction, would at once have been opened, and 
 the great tcork would, as it were, have made itself. In this ini- 
 tiatory leverage lay, what, to me at least, seemed the absolute 
 and certain poirer, without extra taxation, of carrying out the 
 scheme, as implemented in the charter contract, so ruthlessly 
 torn. Conclusion in next, Miort. 
 
 Yours, • 
 
 V BRITANNICUS. 
 December 29th, 1875. 
 
 Crnz-Ey, -ttli .January, 1870. 
 
 Bribe to British Columbia— That $7B0,000 ! 
 
 7b the Editor of The Citizen. 
 
 Deau Sik, — A word, belbre 1 close, as to liritit^h Colum- 
 bia — our scarcely " lesser half" in political importance. 
 
 ' ; UEll CASE. .V- "i. 
 
 Carnarcon award : . - 
 
 MainlaiKl IJailMayi'Xpoiiditmo, §2,00(1, 000 [HI' aiiiiiim . 
 
 to 18fl0,say ):?:]0,000.000 
 
 ■\Va!j:.c;on roa<l and lclo,i>Tai)li, say :5. 000,000 
 
 K«quiiiuuilt and Nanainio JJailway, l(>0 miles — avoi'- 
 
 a£!:c cost iK'i- mile as in Tntorcolonial Uwv.. sav, 0,000,000 
 
 ,s:jn.ooo,oou 
 
18 
 
 r- SAY KOKTY MILLIONS. ' ' . 
 
 To huy of( which, ii <Io2(ren)- o^ 
 
 ONLY,"$750,000-— SAY TWU CENTS JN THE DOLLAl! ! 
 
 Is now offered to the gentleiiiiin (or a majority of them) who, 
 for the moment constitute, in LegisLitnro, the Government 
 of that Province. 
 
 Tl'.ere is a mystery in this. If such a bargain be possible 
 — which I doubt much, in the face of the fact that other in- 
 terests, Imperial, are involved in the matter — such a bargain 
 I say, would Ije open to the gravest suspicion, recalling to 
 mind Mr. Blake's memorable citation from some unnamed 
 poet — perhaps himself — certainly not '•' lliuUbras, " when 
 making, in Commons arena, his great (hourtneiu- * * * 
 speech at the tlnujfjliKj oHha fathers — the original promoters 
 — of this great work of a Canadian Pacific Railwav. As 
 spattered mud from the troubled pool, the lines have, casually, 
 stuck to the dry wall of memory, and such as I can recall 
 them, I give them. Originally, they seem to have Ijeen 
 applied to certain doings ('"' ring" work) in Washington : 
 
 « Lost to shume ! tlicy vilfly bartfr, 
 Ilonoi's name for Party's place ; 
 ""^ :: i: * ' Step by step, o'er Freedom's cliartiir, 
 
 , ; , Leaving footprints of disgrace. 
 
 ■:%■:.■■ _,,'^:-: IJencatli yon dome, whose coping. 
 
 Starts above them, straight and tall, 
 " . . . Ilraw i)iet),in the ihtslare yrojiing, 
 
 I'or the crumbs thut from tlie table full.'' 
 
 Further word on this is unnecessary. Quick as made, the 
 
 ;'' ' BritNINlJ INSULT 
 
 is, by the people eii masse, indignantly resented. So the 
 wires flash to us. No other ansAver could well have been 
 expected from those bold few of our race and blood, who, on 
 those distant shores of peoples strange and almost hostile, 
 have planted our red cross flag, and bravely guard it. 
 
 Bribe such men ! — to such base treason ! ! Ah, Mr. Blake ! 
 Ah ! Mr. Mackenzie, ofthe" steel rails," truly — surely ! — ye 
 know not what ve do ! 
 
 In charity, we must assume that " ti'ouble" — those can- 
 keiing, harrowing cares incidental to large State Govern- 
 
14 
 
 merit — imist luive thrown you off your balaut'O. It all comes, 
 [ dare say — and 1 Avould tny it in all pity lor oiu* poor 
 comnioii weak Inuuanity — IVoiu that iinforhinafu ^' wtoel rail '' 
 and such like, '-business" ((jr doings.) Three luilUons (ior 
 that is what — what with the extra expenses of transport in 
 and Irom Canada, storage, c.omiiil'i-slonMy &c. — that ''little 
 affair" has already cost the public treasury) is quite too much. 
 in ontahh expenditure, to take out oCour budget margin for 
 accidental contingencies. We all understand that — l)ut, of 
 course, there must liave ])een a reason, or at least a motlcc, 
 for the venture. AVas it good ?— Justifiable V Is it //, alone, 
 or other like '• l)liindering," tliat starts the cry of " no funds " 
 in the Dominion Treasury ? Whether or not — why visit 
 Mich sins on poor British Columbia, as a sort of '•' scape-goat ? " 
 
 The railway — cost what it may — she, as well as the rest 
 of the Dominion, must have, and that as soon as possible. 
 Under the Macdonald-Allan contract the work was, as we 
 know, to have been at once begun withiu her borders, and 
 there is no reason to distrust but that the Ayork, in Brltis.L 
 Cohanhia, from Pacitic terminus to railway connection at the 
 Yellow -Head Pass (eastern boundry of British Columbia) 
 would have been completed even hefore the expiration of the 
 ten years, and then at once would have given lier continuous 
 railway connection Avith the Eastern world. 
 
 The cost, within her ])orders, would probabl}' have con- 
 sideraljly exceeded forty millions, tjut that — as I have 
 already explained — would have come entirely out of the 
 subsidy, supplemented by the Railway Company's Bond Fund, 
 l>ased on lands granted, and road as made — a fund susceptible 
 of extension by Parliament, to any required limit, in ordei- 
 
 XOT To INX'KEASi: TAXATION FOR Tin: W0i;j\. 
 
 C 
 
 Xow, as there is no utilization of the land arant — as, really, 
 the v.'ork does not go on, but is being pottered to death — there 
 is no fund from that source, and at the same time there is not. 
 and as things are, cannot Ite, any bond fund on work done. 
 And it is by thus blundering ai,(l pursuing a scheme at once 
 unwise, machiavelian rather, and certainly likely to prove 
 disastrous to all public interests concerned, that these British 
 
 /'' 
 
f 
 
 1^ 
 
 (\)luinbiu clitiiMs, nn.l (lelcnuliicd rights, press on uiir Tp.-m- 
 
 ' ON WHOM T!1H 1U.AMK7 . v 
 
 OiK^ answer only; short, clear and enishing as a thunder 
 stroke, can lightlv 1)C given; and if the people ot this Dorni- 
 ydon l)e not as Mr. Blake's Washington '''P^^F^^^^ ' ^!^ J'\^: 
 dust," lor '-crnmhs Sh.at IVom tlio tahle fall, they 11 quicklv 
 
 "''''one word as to our nol.lc (lovernor-CJeneral. lie was 
 ahsent-threc thousand miles oft; in llritain-when this ob- 
 noxious Minute of Council of September last was passed In 
 any case, under our system ,)f Responsible [larhamcntary] 
 (lovcrmnent, Minister, are really alone to blame for such 
 wrons; doing as that in o.uestion. , ,i • :„f 
 
 We all know this, audi say thus much, ou tiub point, 
 merely to remove any misapprehension in the application ot 
 mv arumadversiims in these letters. 
 
 Yourp, 
 
 BlUTANNICUS. 
 
 Ottawa, Dec 30lh, 1875. 
 
 5-'