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X ^A 5 -,^ OTTAWA Oas. thos. pattison, printer, 370 bank street. % 1899, •■'■»% BX 5051 Sfo ?oc TVTO claim to originality is put forth for this address. It is only published at the request of members of the congrega- tion, who were kind enough to think that the brief compilation of historic facts might be of some use in setting forth the true position and claims of our Church. Those who may wish to go more fully into this subject are recommended to read "The An- glican Reformation," by the Rev. Professor Clark which is to be had at Messrs. Hope & Sons. J. M.S. THE Church of England and Her Origin. BY J, M. SNOW DON. Matt. xvi. 1 8. '''I'f'on this rock I 7t7,V build My Chutch.'^ Arts ii. 24. ''l he Lofd added to the Church daily such as should be saved y The expression ''The Kint^dum of (iod, ' or 'the Kinjjfdom of Heaven," as used in the Holy Scriptures, is one which has three distinct meanings. It may mean tlie outwMrd visil>le organiza- tion which Christ instituted for the evangelization of the world, to whom He gave the commission : "Gc ye and teach all nations baptizing them in the name of the Father and of the. Son and of the Holy Ghost." Or secondly, it may refer to Christ's Kingship in the hearts of individual men. Thus we read, "The Kingdom of God is within you/' and again, "The Kingdom of (rod is not meat and drink, but righteousness and peace and joy in the Holy Ghost." Or again, it may refer to that Kingdom which is yet to come, up to wdiich both of these [)revious kingdoms are to lead, and in which they vvill find their completion. It is the kingdom, in this tinal sense that is referred to by Our Lord when he says : ''Verily I .yay unto you L will drink no more of the fruit of the vine until that dav when f drink it new in the Kingdom of God." It is of the Kingdom of God in its outward and visible as- pect that I wish to speak this moining. "The need for such an organization arose directly out of the acknowledged purpose of Jesus Clirist, vi/. : to estaMisli a society destined to be tlie lit^ht of the world and to issue in a perfected Kini^nlom of (ilory. In seekin^^ to understand our |)Osit.ion we do well not to for^^et tliat Christians, thouirh spiritual, are still Imnian ; Our Lord acted on this principle, and it is one secret of the success of His Gospel. It recojrnizes thin^^s as they are, and that a S}>i ritual kingdom can best advance amontj men by means of a definitely ordered society, throu,t,^h which instruction can be given, public wor.diip reverently offered, and order preserved. The fact tlur, Christ did found such an ordered society is evi- dent, both from His ordainini;^ two sacraments, with outward and visible sif^ns and also from His trivin«j tothe Twelve, perhaps also to the Seventy, special commissions, which were not j^iven to all Christians alike. We jud,i;e also from the actions of the Apostles in api>ointin^ Ministers to assist in and carry on their work that this ''order'' was intended ]>y the head of the Church to be con tinned. In fact both the need of such a federated society and its actual existence in Apostolic times are beyond dispute. Our Lord had a threat purpose to fulfil— the "edifying (i.e. liuilding upj of His Mystical Body" — For that purpose He wisely founded a visitde (uiurch, to be, as it vvei'e, the scaffolding by means of whirh the Sjnritual l)uildintr could best advance, neces- sary for a time, but afterwards to pass away when "that which is perfect shouM come." As long as we ai-e in these bodies of our humiliation ''so long will the duly ordered visible Church remain, necessary fur its own sake, necessary because the Lord Himself we believe would liave it so." , The first Christian Church may be said to have consisted of the little company alluded to in St. John i, 35-41. During the three years of our Lord's earthly Ministr}', others were called. After His ascension, when St. Peter stood up to address the dis- 3 ciples, we read that "tlip number of names to*^ether were about one hundred and twenty." After the descent of the Holy Ghost at Pentecost, we are told that " there were added unto them about three thousand souls. And they continued steadfastly in the apostles' doctrine and fellowship and in breaking of bread and in prayers, and the Lord added (throuirh the apostles) to the Church daily such as were being saved." Then came days of persecution, when Saul made havoc of the Church and they that were scattered abroad went everywhere preaching the word. From this point onward the allusions to the Church, both in the Acts and in the Epistles are of frequent occurrence, and we can readily trace in these allusions the way in which our Lord's pur- pose of founding a Church was gradually carried out. We have first of all, the Christian body in some particular place spoken of as a Church. Thus we read of the apostles returning to Lystra and Iconium and Antioch, and ordaining elders in every Church ^ the allusion clearly being to the Christian Congregations in each several place. At Antioch, " when they were come they gathered the Church together," the writer clearly meaning the Christians at that place. " Being brought on their way by the Church," here again the Christians at Antioch are referred to. After the Council at Jerusalem we read " thus it pleased the apostles and elders with the whole church to send chosen men." Here again by " the Church " is meant only the community of Christians dwelling in Jerusalem. Again in such a passage as " He that prophesieth edifieth the Church " the reference is quite obviously to the local body gathered together for public worship. In the salutation of some of the Epistles we find the term used in a sim- ilar sense. Thus St. Paul speaks of " The Church of God which is at Corinth," and " the Church of the Thessalonians." As time went on and the members of these local Churches increased, we find them grouped together as belonging to one great province, when they are always spoken of as •' the Churches ." And so we find reference to the Churches of Galatia, the Churches of Judaea, the Churches of Asia, the Churches of Macedonia and " the Churches of the Gentiles." At the outset, supervision over these local Churches was exercised by the apostles themselves. But a« time went on and the number of these Churches increased, this became impossibhj. Whereupon, they appointed to represent them, presiding elders or Bishops, committing to them powers of rule and ordination. Such were James at Jerusalem, Timothy at Ephesus, and Titus in Crete, and thus there gradually grew up an outward and visible body connected together by the author- ity of the apostles and their immediate successors in office. It is the Church in this wider aspect that is referred to in such pas- sages as these " Give none offence neither to the Jews nor to the Gentiles nor to the Church of God." And again "unto Him be Glory in the Church by Christ Jesus." Such then was the manner in which was carried out our Lord's purpose of founding a visible society for the extension of His kingdom among men. And " this Society founded more than eighteen nundred years ago notwithstanding repeated assaults by the powers of evil still exists and shall continue a visible Church, until her work is done, until " the kingdoms of this world are be- come the kingdoms of our Lord and of His Christ and He shall reign for ever and ever. " Then the earthly aspect of the Church .shall have an end — the scaffolding of the Temple, around which so much fierce controversy has raged shall be removed. All that offend? shall be cast out and Christ s Holy Catholic Church shall be fully manifest, " a great multitude which no man can number of all nations and kindreds and people and tongues " shall be pre- sented to God as the outcome of the Saviour's redeeming love, a glorious church not having spot or wrinkle or any such thing.'' 5 Then ''the great Church victorious Shall be the Church at rest." We have then undoubted scriptural authority for the state- ment in our Creeds that we believe in "One Catholic and Apos- tolic Church ". Let us now go on to conrsider what is the relation- ship between the Church of England to which we belong and that Primitive Apostolic Church in which we declare our reverent be- lief, and which is so often mentioned in the writings of the New Testament ? In other words is the Church of England a modern man made society or is it a Church of Apostolic origin, just as were the Churches of Oalatia, Macedonia and Judaea, to which al- lusion has already been made? On this subject it would seem that there ciist in the popular mind some ideas which are entirely erroneous. The Honourable Minister of Education lecturing recently in the City of Toronto on " Canadian History ," in illustration of the truism that great events sometimes resulted from causes which at the time seemed insignificant and common place, made the statement that " Henry VIII quarrelled with his first wife and out of that quarrel even- tually sprung the Church of England." It does not surprise us to have this view put forward by Roman Catholic Controversia- lists. They have a purpose to serve by doing so, and when facts have failed them, they have not hesitated to have recourse to "fables. " But we should have expected a more accurate ac- quaintance with the acknowlec ged facts of history from a gentle- man occupying the position of head of the teaching profession in the Province of Ontario. Equally erroneous is the idea that England owes her Chris- tianity to the mission sent from Rome in 596 under St. Augui- tine. • v(^ ;r£^.,. •■ , ... When, or by whom, Christianity was Hrst |)reachecl in England is uncertain, but the facts of history conclusively prove that the Church was planted there most probably in the second century, most certainly, not later than the early part of the fourth century, and that she has had a continuous existence there, from that date to the present time. So early as the fourth century the British Church furnished martyrs in the terrible persecution under Dio- cletian ; and to one of them who refused to sacrifice to the gods, the familiar name of the Church, Town and Diocese of 8L Albans is due. The very fact that persecution extended to Britain, is proof of something like a regularly established Church, worthy of being put down by violent means. Earlier still, in the decree convening the Council of Nicea A. D. 325, special mention is made of the Cnurch of Britain. This would have been impossible if the Britisli Church had not been in close communion and fellowship with the other Apostolic Churches of Christendom. Earlier still, three British Bisho|)s whose names have come down to us, were present at a Council at Aries, to consider the qiie-ition of the Donatist schism in Africa, A. D. 314. Earlier still Tertullian, a Roman writer, dating from 201, says : — "Regions of the Britons, inaccessible to the Romans, have assuredly been subdued to Christ." Origen, writing in the year 239, tells us that Britain bad but one religion in his day, and that the relii»ion of Christ. These facts are sufficient to prove the existence of a flourishing church in England thrf.e. hun- dred years before the arrival of St Aii^iisttne and his band of mis- sionaries in 596. When Augustine came to England he found no less than .leven British Bishops and one Archbishop, He worked with much xeal, and at the outset with considerable success, in the kingdom of Kent, but eventually his mission was comparatively a failure. 1 I \ I I r At that time the Britisli Church had its own lAtiiv^y and sturdily resistei Au^rustine's demands as to the proper time of observing Easter, as to tlie mode of baptism, and as to the tonsure. Its cler^ry, moreover, refuse/ to be subject to the Pope. In this con- nection it has been well observed, -The resistance of the British Church to the demands of Augustine is the first of a Ion<,' series of prote>ts on the part of Christians in Britain a