^. 
 
 
 %'^ 
 
 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 4p 
 
 ^ 
 
 1.0 
 
 1.1 
 
 I 
 
 Li|2^ |25 
 u 184 
 
 lU 
 
 u 
 
 14.0 
 
 u& 
 
 1.25 111.4 
 
 1.6 
 
 Photographic 
 
 ^Sdenoes 
 
 Corporalion 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^""^ 
 
 23 WBT MAIN STIKT 
 
 WltSTM,N.Y. 14SM 
 
 (71«)«73<4S0* 
 
 
CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/iCIVIH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historicai IVIicroreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notoa/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiqMaa 
 
 Tlia instituta has attamptad to obtain tha baat 
 original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this 
 copy which may ba bibiiographicaily uniqua, 
 which may altar any of tha imagas in tha 
 raproduction, or which may significantly changa 
 tha uaual mathod of filming, ara chackad balow. 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Colourad covars/ 
 Couvartura da couiaur 
 
 I I Covars damagad/ 
 
 Couvartura andommagte 
 
 Covars rastorad and/or laminatad/ 
 Couvartura raataurte at/ou pallicuite 
 
 I I Covar titia miaaing/ 
 
 La titra da couvartura manqua 
 
 Colourad maps/ 
 
 Cartas gAographiquas an couiaur 
 
 Colourad inic (i.a. othar than blua or black)/ 
 Encra da couiaur (i.a. autra qua blaua ou noira) 
 
 I I Colourad plataa and/or illustrations/ 
 
 D 
 
 Planchas at/ou illustrations an couiaur 
 
 Bound with othar matarial/ 
 RalM avac d'autras documanta 
 
 Tight binding may cauaa shadows or distortion 
 along intarior margin/ 
 
 La re liura sarr6a paut cauaar da I'ombra ou da la 
 distortion la long da la marga intiriaura 
 
 Blank leavaa addad during rastoration may 
 appaar within tha taxt. Whanavar possibia, thaaa 
 hava baan omittad from filming/ 
 II sa paut qua cartalnaa pagas blanchaa ajouttoa 
 lors d'una rastauration apparalaaant dana la taxta, 
 mais, lorsqua cala 6talt possibia, cas pagaa n'ont 
 pas Ati f iim^aa. 
 
 Additional commants:/ 
 Commantairaa supplAmantairaa: 
 
 Th^ 
 to 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm* la maillaur axamplaira 
 qu'il lui a At* possibia da sa procurer. Las details 
 da cat axamplaira qui sent paut-Atra uniquas du 
 point da vua bibliographiqua, qui pauvant modifier 
 una imaga reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la mAthoda normala da f ilmaga 
 sont indiquAs ci-dessous. 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 n 
 n 
 n 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 Coloured pagaa/ 
 Pagaa da couiaur 
 
 Pagas damaged/ 
 Pages endommagtea 
 
 Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 Pagas restaurAes at/ou palliculAaa 
 
 Pagas discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 Pagas dAcoiorAea, tachetAes ou piquAas 
 
 Pagas detached/ 
 Pages dAtachAea 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of print variea/ 
 Quality InAgala de i'impraaaion 
 
 Includea supplementary material/ 
 Comprend du material suppMmentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Mition diaponlbia 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., hava been ref limed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Lea pagaa totalament ou partiellament 
 obacurciaa par un feuillet d'errata, una pelure, 
 etc., ont At* fiimAea A nouveau da fapon A 
 obtanir la mailleure image poasibla. 
 
 Th 
 po 
 of 
 filri 
 
 Or! 
 be 
 thi 
 sio 
 oti 
 fin 
 sio 
 or 
 
 Th( 
 shi 
 
 Tir 
 
 wh 
 
 Ma 
 
 dif 
 eni 
 be( 
 rigl 
 req 
 ma 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est film* au taux da rAduction indiquA cl-dessous. 
 
 10X 14X 18X 22X 
 
 26X 
 
 30X 
 
 y 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 20X 
 
 a4X 
 
 2IX 
 
 32X 
 
re 
 
 l«tails 
 M du 
 nodifier 
 Br una 
 'ilmag* 
 
 The copy filmed here hae been reproduced thanka 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 National Library of Canada 
 
 The images appearing here ere the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in Iceeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the bacic cover when appropriate. Ail 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 es 
 
 L'exemplaire film* fut reproduit grAce A la 
 gAnArositi de: 
 
 Bibliothdque nationale du Canada 
 
 Las images suivantes ont 6t4 reproduites avec ie 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at 
 de la netteti de l'exemplaire film6, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprimte sont filmte en commen9ant 
 par Ie premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par Ie second 
 plat, salon Ie cas. Tous les autres exemplaires 
 originaux sont filmte en commenpant par la 
 pramlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol — •»> (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the symbol ▼ (meaning "END "), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Un dee symboles suivants apparaftra sur la 
 dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie 
 cas: Ie symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE", ie 
 symbols y signifie "FIN". 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diegrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tabiea«jx, etc., peuvent §tre 
 filmto it des taux de reduction diff6rents. 
 Lorsque Ie document est trop grand pour Atre 
 reproduit en un seul ciichA, il est film6 d partir 
 de I'angle supArieur gauche, de gauche d droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant Ie nombre 
 d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants 
 illustrent la mAthode. 
 
 errata 
 
 I to 
 
 t 
 
 I pelure, 
 
 on A 
 
 D 
 
 32X 
 
 1 2 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
;,^,am*'»*-- 
 
 ■■-fHiftlfiB^ 
 
 COMMERCE 
 
 
 OF THE 
 
 LAKES, MD ERIE CANAL. 
 
 BY JAMES L. BARTON. 
 
 BUFFALO: 
 
 SEAVER'8 POWER FREPBES, COURIER OFFICE. 
 
 1851. 
 
■ HF £.i;*7 
 
 148537 
 
 iw^ 
 
COMMERCE 
 
 OT THE 
 
 LAKES AND THE ERIE CANAL. 
 
 ^^/^^^^^^^^^^ 
 
 Notwithstanding the great amount of information al- 
 ready spread before the public, in relation to the sudden 
 rise, rapid growth and constantly increasing trade with 
 the Great West, it does not seem to be out of place, to 
 scatter yet more. It is only in this way, this important 
 matter can be kept fresh in the mind, and secure to it 
 that attention it is so justly entitled to. 
 
 In undertaking to give some slight account of the bus- 
 iness done on the Lakes and Erie Canal in the year 1850, 
 I do not intend, for I have not the necessary documents 
 for doing so, to exhibit any part of it, except what has 
 passed through the Port of Buffalo, only. The variety 
 and extent of the Commerce ofaU the Lakes, above and 
 below the Niagara Falls, may be judged of by what pass- 
 es through Buffalo, where, probably, the largest half of 
 the whole direct trade is done. 
 
J 
 
 
 To collect a full account of all the Commerce of tlie 
 several porta and places on all of the great Lakes, is a 
 task that cannot be performed by any one individual, 
 unless he gives up his whole time to it ; and few are 
 found, who are able and willing to incur such an expense 
 voluntarily. At the port of Buffalo, where the utmost 
 care has been taken to collect all the facts in relation to 
 this trade, much property passes up and down the Ijakes, 
 of which no account is, or can be taken. The trips to 
 perform, particularly across Lake Erie, are so short, and 
 many steam vessels leaving port in the night, but contin- 
 uing to receive cargo until the moment of departure, 
 much property is carried away that is not put on the 
 manifest. Such is the case with vessels arriving from up 
 the Lake. Much property is also shipped to and receiv- 
 ed from ports within the District, of which no report or 
 manifest is required. It therefore follows as a matter of 
 necessity, and after taking all the care possible, to get an 
 account of all the Commerce passing out and in at the 
 port of Buffalo, all we do get, falls much short of the 
 real amount. 
 
 The statement here given, of the Imports at Buffalo 
 in 1850, from the Lakes, has been most carefully made 
 up from the manifests exhibited at the Custom House. — 
 With the view of showing the variety of articles which 
 enter into and form the trade from the West, I have ta- 
 ken the pains to enumerate very many. The valuation 
 has been calculated from actual sales and prices given 
 by our heavy dealers. Great care has been taken, in 
 arriving at the quantity and value as near as possible, 
 that a just and trtie exhibit might be made of the pres- 
 ent magnitude of this Commerce, as the certain and 
 '^.arefully ascertained facts would warrant. 
 
 ic 
 
 fi 
 
 o; 
 
 7 
 
-^ 
 
 
 The rapid and constant increase of the trade from the 
 "Western country can be best realized, by conij)aring per- 
 iods of time, only a few years past, with the present. 
 
 In tlie year 1835, the following articles were received 
 from Ohio, tlie then only exporting Western State, and 
 shipped towards tide water on the Erie Canal : 
 
 Urn. buitor, 
 
 Ibi. wool, clieo-e, lard. 
 
 I4U,0U I l.uau.OJ'i 
 
 blilv. flour. Iiu. whcnt. bu. corn, bbla provla. bbU ashci. Ib>. staves 
 60,2.')3 I 08,071 I i'l,.^7e I 0,.5l>'i | 4,1l» | '2,5tU,'27i 
 
 In 1 h40 otlior States commencod exporting. 
 
 033.700 I fMl.llKi I 47.^HJ | ^i.O.O | 7. :08 | -Ji.llO.OOO | 107.701 | 3.1-22.687 
 
 In 1846 all the Western States became exporters. 
 
 717.4t'6 I l.iai.DIM) I 3:).UGU | 08.100 | ;]4.00-i | t^e.'i0«.431 
 
 In 1850 the same sources have furnished — 
 
 084.430 1 3.304.047 | '2.tlO@.007 I 140.e3ii I 17.JU4 | 159,470.504 
 
 2.0S7.701 I 0.507 007 
 
 8.805.817 I 17.334.081 
 
 In the five North-western States the Wheat crop of 
 1850 is fully fifty millions of bushels ; and that of Corn 
 much greater than in 1849. But a small portion of the 
 former and scarcely any of the latter has gone to market 
 this fall, leaving an immense quantity on hand to come 
 forward next spring. 
 
 The following statement shows the kind and quantity 
 of property imported into Buffalo, from the Western 
 States, (with a very little froi^i Canada included,) during 
 the year 1850 ; so far, as it can be obtained from the 
 manifests of vessels repoiied at the Custom House : 
 
IMPORTS. 
 
 If i^' 
 
 Flour, barrels 1,103,080 
 
 Rye flour " 280 
 
 Buckwheat flour. " 10 
 
 Buckwheat flour. bags 347 
 
 Com meal barreln 1 5,270 
 
 Wheat bushels 3,681,348 
 
 Corn " 2,603,378 
 
 Rye 
 
 Gate, " 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Ashes barrels 
 
 Ashes boxes 
 
 Pork barrels 
 
 Bc'jf tierces 
 
 Beef barrels 
 
 Beef tongues " 
 
 Beef tongues, . half. " 
 
 Tripe " 
 
 Bacon casks 
 
 Bacon boxes 
 
 Bacon pieces 
 
 Hams number 
 
 Mutton hams .... casks 
 Lard, casks and . . barrels 
 
 Lard kegs 
 
 Grease barrels 
 
 Lard <fe Lins'd oil, ** 
 
 Castor oil " 
 
 Corn oil. ....... " 
 
 Rock oil boxes 
 
 Fish barrels 
 
 Fire clay " 
 
 Fire brick number 
 
 Mineral paint. . . . barrels 
 Grass & clov' seed " 
 
 Flax seed « 
 
 Flax seed bushels 
 
 Hemp seed boxes 
 
 Grindstones number 
 
 Grindstones tons 
 
 Whet & scy'e st's boxes 
 
 Lead, pig number 
 
 Pig iron tons 
 
 Starch casks 
 
 Starch boxes 
 
 Candles " 
 
 Soap 
 
 t( 
 
 116 
 
 360,680 
 
 3,060 
 
 17,628 
 
 423 
 
 41,472 
 
 16,065 
 
 58,641 
 
 108 
 
 140 
 
 236 
 
 17,263 
 
 1,807 
 
 4,888 
 
 13,676 
 
 125 
 
 14,848 
 
 6,826 
 
 4,456 
 
 6,106 
 
 6 
 
 10 
 
 160 
 
 10,370 
 
 073 
 
 16,800 
 
 7,386 
 
 8,222 
 
 466 
 
 2,686 
 
 24 
 
 6,156 
 
 628 
 
 273 
 
 10,363 
 
 3,162 
 
 615 
 
 3,301 
 
 4,061 
 
 688 
 
 (( 
 
 Butter barrels 
 
 Butter kegs 
 
 Cheese boxes 
 
 Cheese casks 
 
 Tallow " 
 
 Dried fruit sacks 
 
 Dried fruit barrels 
 
 Dried fruit boxes 
 
 Green fruit barrels 
 
 Highwines &; whis '* 
 Ale and beer .... " 
 Cider « 
 
 Eggs " 
 
 Feather rolls 
 
 Wool baletf 
 
 Sheep pelts " 
 
 Leathers " 
 
 Hemp , 
 
 Flax 
 
 Cotton " 
 
 Moss " 
 
 Hair and bristles. . ^ 
 
 Rags « 
 
 Broom com " 
 
 Horses number 
 
 Cattle " 
 
 Sheep " 
 
 Hogs, (live) « 
 
 Hogs, (slaught'd) . « 
 Hides and skins . . " 
 Hides and skins. . bundles 
 Furs and peltries.. packs 
 Furs and peltries. casks 
 B'urs and peltries. boxes 
 
 Horn tips hlids 
 
 Horn tips barrels 
 
 Bones casks 
 
 Furniture packages 
 
 Furniture tons 
 
 Sugar hbds 
 
 Sugar barrels 
 
 Sugar boxes 
 
 Molasses barrels 
 
 Tobacco, unmfd, . . hhds 
 Tobacco, unmfd, . . boxes 
 
 Saleratus casks 
 
 Salcratus boxes 
 
 2,203 
 
 40,135 
 
 161,110 
 
 .3,158 
 
 6,205 
 
 1,276 
 
 8,760 
 
 326 
 
 6,113 
 
 32,660 
 
 125 
 
 203 
 
 6,844 
 
 8,476 
 
 63,867 
 
 8,288 
 
 2,688 
 
 617 
 
 366 
 
 627 
 
 10 
 
 764 
 
 3,018 
 
 8,080 
 
 1,047 
 
 4,260 
 
 10,180 
 
 46,448 
 
 7,420 
 
 72,204 
 
 751 
 
 3,547 
 
 121 
 
 104 
 
 62 
 
 26 
 
 303 
 
 2,805 
 
 6 
 
 47 
 
 100 
 
 15 
 
 48 
 
 647 
 
 1,711 
 
 887 
 
 270 
 
Potatoes bufthols 8,308 
 
 ill 
 
 Peas and beans, .casks 
 
 1,010 
 
 241 
 
 86 
 
 986 
 
 3,618 
 
 134 
 
 23,000 
 
 450 
 
 Mineral coal tons 
 
 Reapers number 
 
 Glue barrels 
 
 Cranberries " 
 
 Hickory <fe chest's " 
 
 Sourkrout, kgs and " 
 
 Wild pigeons. . . .number 
 
 Live Turkeys. ... " 
 
 Boards i&scantlingfeet 52,124,275 
 
 Laths « 1,184,100 
 
 Staves No. 10,988,062 
 
 Shingles « 4,568,000 
 
 Shingle bolts.... cords 372 
 
 Hoop poles number 4,300 
 
 Ship knees " 2,816 
 
 Currier blocks... . " 1,044 
 
 Oars feet 782,480 
 
 Oars number 6,065 
 
 Hubs and felloes.. " 
 
 Railroad ties " 
 
 Wagon tops feet 
 
 Wood cords 
 
 Clothes pins boxes 
 
 Broom handles. . .number 
 
 Axe helves boxes 
 
 Cedar posts. cords 
 
 Cedar posts number 
 
 Lights of sash. ... " 
 Gun stocks " 
 
 885,000 
 632 
 
 2,250 
 215 
 150 
 
 4,000 
 
 44 
 
 428 
 
 9,078 
 
 3,500 
 
 Foi I dozen 
 
 Scoops ** 
 
 Rakes. " 
 
 Brooms " 
 
 Shovels and spades, bundles 
 
 Hoes " 
 
 Scythes " 
 
 Paper ** 
 
 Cane rods ** 
 
 Iron ** 
 
 Iron scrap tons 
 
 Iron bars number 
 
 Iron pieces " 
 
 Sieel cases 
 
 Axes ,. .boxes 
 
 Adz " 
 
 Sad-irons casks 
 
 Springs and axles. number 
 Nails and spikes, .kegs 
 
 Copper ore masses 
 
 Copper tons 
 
 Copper casks 
 
 Copper ingots 
 
 Copper plates 
 
 Oil cake tons 
 
 Oil cake casks 
 
 Oil cake boxes 
 
 Bucks horns number 
 
 Hog skins boxes 
 
 Gas pipes tons 
 
 491 
 
 51 
 
 200 
 
 1,006 
 
 374 
 
 594 
 
 46 
 
 7,166 
 
 156 
 
 189 
 
 23 
 
 1,657 
 
 465 
 
 49 
 
 389 
 
 < 
 
 10 
 
 164 
 
 1,721 
 
 171 
 
 113 
 
 185 
 
 6,627 
 
 374 
 
 921 
 
 1,041 
 
 10 
 
 218 
 
 6 
 
 U 
 
 6,000 
 
 Sundries, Merchandise, Plaster, Ginseng, Essential Oils, 
 different kinds of Roots, casks of Elm and Tan Bark, Vine- 
 gar, Maple Sugar, Veneering, boxes Glass and Glass ware, 
 &C., &2 packages, 
 
 Also, large quantities of building, docking and ship Tim- 
 ber, Plank, Spars, Pine Saw Logs, &c., the whole forming 
 an estimated value of 122,525,781 
 
 29,582 
 
 **« 
 
 EXPORTS. 
 
 The only way to obtain any accurate account of the Export Commerce 
 from Buffalo to the Western States is, to depend upon the statements of 
 Property received here by the Erie Canal, the Albany and Buffalo 
 Railroad, and estimating the sales and manufactures of our City ; they 
 being the chief sources of supply. This will not be perfectly exact, but it 
 will come so near being so, that all useful purposes will be answered : — 
 
8 
 
 ^i 
 
 PU PQ PQ u pq ^ hl^ S^ 
 
'■4r»''#y'_ 
 
 
 04 
 
 O 
 »0 
 
 I 
 
 CO 
 1- 
 
 O 
 
 w 
 
 CO 
 
 00 
 
 0» •»< -f 00 
 
 rH ■» « W 
 
 KO l- 
 
 05 05 o -^ 'Xi ;o 
 
 (X) (N cc e>? 'M 00 
 
 !■• I— ( «^ C5 -- 
 
 cT Iff CI 10 
 
 eO i-H (— I r-t 
 
 w 
 
 CO 00 CO O ^^ 
 
 W 04 CO CO 0> 
 
 ■^ Oi O 00 "0 
 
 »• #* r- _f^ 
 
 o <o •<• <o 
 
 i- rH 
 
 00 o o 
 
 Oi X 'M 
 
 iri I' 
 
 » r 
 
 1- CO 
 
 rH O 
 
 1- 
 
 
 
 
 •«»• 
 
 »-^ 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 1-^ 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 (N 
 
 « 
 
 1- 
 
 o 
 
 •4' 
 
 «M 
 
 •f 
 
 f 
 
 'o 
 
 I-* 
 
 ^N 
 
 Ol 
 
 « 
 
 rH 
 
 1- 
 
 r 
 
 » 
 
 •■ 
 
 » 
 
 
 CO 
 
 1- 
 
 r^ 
 
 1- 
 
 eo 
 
 ^ O rH 
 CI CO rH 
 
 Tl 00 o o o 
 
 1-" 05 rH CO CO 
 •O 04 (M 00 I- 
 
 *^ 9^ r-^ _r" 
 
 O « 'f 00 
 --^ rH 00 
 CO Ol 
 
 CO 
 
 GC O 'N « Tl 
 OS 00 I' 'M iM 
 
 iM I', iri -H 
 
 I- o 
 
 rH -f CO 
 
 <;0 
 
 CO 
 
 01 « O I- "0 
 
 O CO --3 "ri rH 
 
 00 'M rH CO rH 
 
 rf. lo -r -f 
 
 •ft CO i-H (M 
 
 CO 00 rH 
 
 (M 'I* 
 
 00 1- 
 CO 1^ 
 CO J> 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 Oi O) o 
 00 Ol 00 
 l- f^ r-< 
 
 o" 
 
 CO 
 
 1(0 
 CO 
 
 <0 'N 
 
 05 -H 
 00 i-; 
 
 ci co' 
 
 rH (M 00 O I" 
 O 00 O CO o 
 
 CO CO '» 00 c^ 
 
 oi' 1- o" 
 00 00 
 
 O I' O "0 'Tl « 
 O '» O "0 1- rH 
 
 CO l» CJ iO rH 
 •• r. r- » 
 
 C'< rH GC CO 
 «0 I- (N 
 
 O 
 CI 
 
 CO CO o 
 
 CO CO rjo 
 
 »C 00 CO Ci_ 
 
 OO' fh -^J rH 
 
 CO 00 CO CI 
 
 C< -^ "0 <N 
 
 CO CO 
 
 '30 
 
 e< 
 
 CO CO I' 
 
 t" 
 
 rH Iffl C« 
 
 I-. i-H T|< 
 
 CI ?0 CO 
 
 fi ■iD (O 
 
 Oi 
 
 CJ 
 
 CO 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 O I- 
 
 00 rH 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 'f Oi »o o 
 
 rH 00 'ft C^ 
 ^ r-i i-i 
 
 05 I- 1- I'. UO 
 
 00 CO CI 'f rH 
 
 C^ CI OO CO CO 
 
 00 >o' cf o cT 
 
 O « -^ CI 
 
 CO CI to 
 
 >f5 
 
 <N r-l 
 ■^ 00 
 rH !>. 
 
 O rH 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 CI o «o 
 
 O rH C< 
 00 1";^ 
 
 to oT 
 
 00 1- 
 
 00 o 
 icT to 
 
 a. 
 
 CO 
 
 1- 
 
 
 o o c^ 
 
 Tj< rH 1-- 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 r-i 
 
 CI 
 
 Oi «o 
 
 >fi CO 
 O^ OJ_ 
 
 i-T co" 
 CO -^ 
 CI CJ^ 
 
 00 
 
 CO ix> «o 
 
 1- CO CI 
 r-H GO CO 
 
 CO 00 co" 
 
 05 rH 
 
 o 00 
 
 rH kli 
 
 1(0 O 
 
 1- o 
 
 CO 
 CI 
 
 00 00 
 CO i>. 
 
 O CI o «o 
 
 CI O rH d 
 
 O 00 i- 
 
 *s «% as 
 
 rH WO OS 
 
 Oi CI 
 
 »(0 OS 
 
 CI o 
 ■<1< 
 
 00 
 
 os 
 
 CO 
 
 »(0 
 CO 
 
 «o o 
 
 1^ CO 
 
 >0 1-1 
 
 CO 
 
 CI 
 
 CO o 
 00 o 
 i- CI 
 
 CO 
 
 •«!♦< C^ OS 
 
 OS CO CO 
 CO^ OS o 
 
 cT "(f o" 
 
 O w 
 
 CO 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 •^ 00 
 
 CO >0 r-< -"t OS 
 
 CO rH CO O ■© 
 
 CO^ rH_ CO "0^ 
 
 cf wT CO* co" 
 
 OS CO 
 
 CO O OS "* t^ 'to 
 
 CO CO i- O CI "^ c> 
 
 C^l-^ i,- OS^ CO o,"^ 
 
 ui ■^ cT CO o" 
 
 (N OS OS -^ r-i 
 
 <M 00 •"' ""^ 
 
 co" -^ 
 
 
 §1 
 
 (*> o o 3 «« ».; a> 
 
J 
 
 10 
 
 « 
 
 ■ y 
 
 If 
 
 w 
 
 \\ 
 
 c 
 
 
 s 
 
 g 
 
 '^ 
 
 •S 
 
 
 •K* 
 
 "3 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 •"* 
 
 a 
 
 ^ 
 ^ 
 
 05 
 
 so 
 
 *c 
 
 •■^ 
 
 ^^ 
 
 ^ o 
 
 <^2 
 
 <K» 
 
 
 00 
 
 9 
 
 CO 
 
 2 
 g 
 
 
 >5 
 
 
 I 
 
 (M 
 
 00 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 eo 
 
 CO 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 <n 00 
 
 CO 00 
 
 »o o 
 
 i-t CO 
 
 00 O 
 
 o 
 
 
 ^§ CS 
 
 o 
 o 
 o 
 
 CO in CO 
 
 CO 9 
 
 2 
 
 i>^eo^ 
 
 i-H 00 
 
 <M 
 
 '<»t00t'»C»O00'HX>i-H o»-» 
 
 OSOSr-lCOeOi^50t^(N 00i-» 
 
 oocooseop-tpHiOrHoo coa 
 
 r-tOOOJ'^'^OSOOlM'* **t>- 
 
 U5eooosi-tu5 coo Tt«»0 
 
 eoosioeoc^-^ ooi-t -^ 
 
 CO eo »o <N -t- Oi 
 
 cooseo •^•^r>.'^»cco'O00r-teoo> oo 
 
 i-t(?<co osoo(Mio<Ni>-eot'COOseo ooc< 
 
 QOi-HOO 0>t-e000(NOr-4r-l»O00e0 COQO 
 
 ■<t<5»o (NO-'f-'f'oeO'^osoo-^t- *^-«* 
 
 ■<!t*00<N rHOO(NOi-lOOr-(lO ©<eO •^CO 
 
 CON Tj<»C«50ii-Hift(NTj4 oo C* 
 
 U5(NTt<-^0S-*<M CrH CO 
 
 O rH fH r-t i-H ft a» 
 
 OOS"5 OO-^MSi-HeOOCOi-HOOOCO OCO 
 
 lOfNt' eoc^it^i^cocot^eoco-'ttrH 00O» 
 
 (Ni— t^ OS(N1>-CO-^CO00X>COW5pH i-h(M 
 
 »0(NCO »CeOi— l»O>CrH(N00 01>» COrH 
 
 (NOOOO OOrHTttCOOl-^C^rH »CQ0 '^t'- 
 
 CO 0'^<NCOeOCO(Nr-l »OCO ■t' 
 
 i>C<l<NC^<N-^ CI 00 
 
 1-4 00 
 
 CO O (N 
 
 US CO CO 
 
 O W5 »0 
 
 t- t- ©» 
 
 <N CO 00 
 
 CO I-H (N 
 
 *<> ^ *h 
 
 00 O (M 
 
 00 rH I-H 
 
 CO o CO OS 
 
 00 Oi I-H U5 
 rH t^ X> (M 
 
 «o »k #« r« 
 
 OS 05 rH I-H 
 eo r— t I-H OS 
 (N !>• OS OS 
 
 «S »« «^ «k 
 
 ■* CO I-H i> 
 
 OS rH iO CO 
 •«t< O -^ <N 
 
 Tt< OS eo c<i 
 o i> TtTcT 
 
 eo ■"4* eo 
 
 CO 
 
 ■^ y^ eo 
 
 00 00 CO 
 
 Jt> I-t ■»}< 
 
 <N 00 I-H 
 "5 O r-t 
 
 »o CO t- 
 
 U5 us <N CO W5 00 
 <N CO i^ ■* © 0» 
 
 rH CO rH 00 CO I-H 
 
 r« »> #S *» »o C^ 
 
 00 (N rH lO us OS 
 
 G l-\ l-\ 
 
 CO 00 
 
 rH r^ 
 t' O 
 
 c^ eo 
 
 <o eo 
 
 y^ OS 
 
 OS»C iCC»i>0»0"^ 
 
 t>.«3 COrHOOt-OSrH 
 
 t'.rH USrHOOCOrHCO 
 
 rHO t-<NTj<rH(NCO 
 
 cot-' (N(NeOi>i>«5 
 
 O »0 l> O 1> rH (N 
 
 r^ t- (N (N rH (N 
 
 O <N 
 00 US 
 
 o OS 
 
 O CO 
 i- OS 
 ■^ CO 
 
 OS <N CO <M eo ir- 
 rH CO -^ 00 rH OS 
 
 ci^ O^ u5^ 00 r-j^ eo^ 
 
 00 co't^r-Tco^oT 
 OS '^ eo -t^ eo ^ 
 
 us OS rH O -^ OS 
 
 *k *« *s •^ «^ «« 
 
 O OS OS us -^ CO 
 OS 
 
 CO CO 
 CO CO 
 CO O 
 (N CO 
 
 OS eo 
 
 CO (M 
 
 OS 
 
 o ^ 
 
 O (N 
 
 c< us 
 
 1-* CO 
 OS 
 
 OS 
 <N 
 CO 
 
 00 
 us 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 OS 
 
 CO 
 
 O 
 00 
 
 eo 
 
 CO , 
 <N 
 
 us 
 
 CO 
 
 I 
 
 CJ o 
 
 ■-S'-S CJ 
 ,$ $ §0 
 
 S 6 2 
 o o S 
 
•'^f 
 
 11 
 
 o 
 
 r-* 
 
 OO r-l 
 
 CO 
 
 Oi 
 
 
 *» 
 
 i> i>» 
 
 ■^ 
 
 Ui 
 
 
 •^ 
 
 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 
 »o 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 00 
 
 C4 
 
 CO 
 
 OO 
 
 
 
 i-- 
 
 •* 
 
 ''I* 
 
 CO 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 t* 
 
 
 n 
 
 
 e» 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 00 
 
 o» 
 
 I— 1 
 
 (N 
 
 
 CO 
 
 r-t 
 
 'll* i^ 
 
 
 t^ 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 00 
 
 O "^ 
 
 o 
 
 0^ 
 
 (N 
 
 Ui 
 
 
 
 r-i 
 
 CO 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 
 "* 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 <N 
 
 
 <0 
 
 
 ef 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 «l 
 
 
 Jt- 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 i^ 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 oa 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 of 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 (N 
 
 
 04 
 
 
 J> 
 
 
 
 
 >o 
 
 
 4> 
 
 
 *«• 
 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 08 
 
 si 
 
 i 
 
 rl O 1-1 O . 
 
 U3 ^ ^ CO «j^ 
 
 i^ rtt 1-. rH «2 
 
 00 (M CO W5 
 
 ■^ 00 <N CO 
 
 i-H o> 00 -^ 
 
 rH us i-H I— I 
 lO CO -^t* (N 
 CO O t- » 
 
 of oT CO CO 
 
 «5 -T}* (N <M 
 rH CO 00 00 
 
 »«. r. r» 
 
 -* C>l CO 
 
 >o ■^ c^ ■«* 
 
 Tti JN O i^ 
 Ob O^ -t^ C*l 
 
 cTt-^ ccT 00 
 
 ^ i:^ O CO 
 rH (M !:«. CO 
 
 -<f '"if 
 
 1— t 
 
 CO r-l 05 X>- 
 O rH CO •<♦< 
 ij*^ 1-H^ O^ CO^ 
 
 f-TrH CT 00 
 
 rH t- (N «5 
 
 I-H ■»!* 
 
 OI <N 
 
 W5 Ui 
 
 co^»o_ 
 
 O" 00 
 i:^ 00 
 
 ■OS 00 
 
 OO 
 
 1-H 
 
 O «3 
 
 O OS 
 CO o 
 
 CO i^ 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 O) 
 
 I-H 
 
 a 
 
 C3^ 
 
 c4" 
 
 1 
 
ill 
 
 tll 
 
 
 
 No. III. — Statement of Property taken from and left at 
 Buff alo from first January to '^Xst December^ 1850, by 
 the Albany and Buffalo Railroad. 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Of the Forest. 
 
 Fut-s and Peltries pounds 
 
 Boards and Scantling feet 
 
 Shingles M 
 
 Sta\es pounds 
 
 Ashes barrels 
 
 Products of uinimals. 
 
 Pork barrels 
 
 Pork in the hog pounds 
 
 Beef barrels 
 
 Bacon pounds 
 
 Cheese *' 
 
 Butter •' 
 
 Lard « 
 
 Wool « 
 
 Hides « 
 
 Tallow « 
 
 Vegetable Food. 
 
 Flour barrels 
 
 Wheat bushels 
 
 Corn « 
 
 Barley " 
 
 Peas and Beans " 
 
 Potatoes « 
 
 Dried fruit pounds 
 
 All other Agricultural Products. 
 
 Cotton pounds 
 
 Unmanufactured tobacco " 
 
 Clover and grass seed " 
 
 Flax seed " 
 
 Hops « 
 
 Manufactures. 
 
 Domestic spirits gallons 
 
 Leather pounds 
 
 Furniture " 
 
 Pig Iron •' 
 
 Bloom and Bar Iron " 
 
 Iron-ware « 
 
 1850. 
 
 Shipped 
 
 from 
 Buffalo. 
 
 91,389 
 
 240,787 
 
 39 
 
 3,252,300 
 
 1,559 
 
 3,342 
 894,912 
 367 
 706,064 
 336,651 
 693,352 
 136,300 
 1,114,604 
 429,977 
 192,491 
 
 5,366 
 
 40 
 
 159 
 
 478 
 572,474 
 
 14,455 
 
 1,250,900 
 
 25,238 
 
 3,177 
 
 33,553 
 183,146 
 135,188 
 
 26,572 
 13,995 
 
 Left 
 
 at 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 2,195 
 
 3,282 
 10,607 
 
 1,395 
 135,144 
 
 13 
 
 123 
 
 5,910 
 1,161 
 
 867 
 112,926 
 
 38,818 
 
 328 
 
 58,467 
 
 607,333 
 
 10,665 
 
 151,003 
 
 223,667 
 
m 
 
 left at 
 850, by 
 
 I). 
 
 Left 
 
 at 
 
 Buffalo. 
 
 2,195 
 
 3,282 
 
 10,607 
 
 1,395 
 135,144 
 
 No. Ill CoNTiNtfED. — Statement of Property taken 
 from and l?ft at Buffalo from \st January ti 31*^ />e- 
 cember, 1850, by the Albany and Buffalo Railroad, 
 
 Articles. 
 
 Domestic Woolens pouncis 
 
 Domestic salt bushels 
 
 Merchandise. 
 
 Light 8 mill toll pouncis 
 
 Sugar 
 
 Molasses 
 
 Coffee 
 
 Nails and spikes 
 
 Iron , 
 
 Crockery and Glass-ware 
 
 Oysters and Clams 
 
 All other Articles. 
 
 Cattle 13,000, and hogs 4,797,588 " 
 
 Stone, Lime and Clay " 
 
 Gypsum " 
 
 Mineral Coal " 
 
 Sundries " 
 
 1850. 
 
 Left 
 at 
 Buffiilo. 
 
 a 
 
 20,340 
 GO 
 
 226,094 
 3,170 
 
 2,8 2 o 
 21,081 
 23,845 
 
 4,810,588 
 28,274 
 
 46,000 
 3,110,744 
 
 6,400 
 
 15,251,240 
 
 113,605 
 
 22,929 
 
 59,271 
 
 104,631 
 
 91,921 
 
 177,765 
 
 615,986 
 
 60,911 
 41,470 
 
 3,326,334 
 
 ^. 
 
 13 
 123 
 
 5,910 
 1,151 
 
 857 
 112,926 
 
 38,818 
 
 328 
 
 58,467 
 
 607,333 
 
 10,665 
 
 151,003 
 
 223,567 
 

 
 f i 
 
 i f 
 
 
 d 
 
 00 
 
 I 
 
 B 
 
 ^ 
 
 P>H 
 
 ;i; 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 I 
 
 
 a 
 
 -^ 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 2 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 • 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 • 
 
 2 
 
 
 ta 
 
 VJ 
 
 
 14 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 00 
 
 O) 00 
 
 (N CO 
 
 ^ JO 
 
 Oi CD 
 
 05 
 
 o 
 
 TO 
 
 W5 CO «5 O O 
 OS «o -^ ^ «o 
 
 00 uf TjT 
 
 r-l <N <N 
 
 TO 
 
 CO 
 
 »C I— I 
 TO 
 
 r-( (N 00 i-H 00 
 
 to O O CO « 
 
 OS <N -H* 1.^ »0 
 
 TO ^ >0 «0 O 
 
 O CO «0 •^ i^ 
 
 »0 f-1 l-H 00 
 
 00 CO 
 
 OS rH 
 
 <N l-H 
 
 X OS 
 ■>t 00 
 
 oT 
 
 O '^ '^ OS ^ 
 rH O O OS O 
 OS^TO^WS^CO ««^ 
 
 cc CO cS i>r 
 
 rH TO -t- rH 
 
 OS 
 
 TOOSOSCOOSCO(N.t-TO0O 
 COOSrHrHOOl'-OrHOCO 
 
 r(H^00t^TO^OS^CO(N_00C^»O 
 
 QOQo-^»o'crooor»o'orco^ 
 
 Cv|ir"0STO»0'<tC0O00t-. 
 00 00 00 00 OO^OS 00 
 X>'co"Tjrio" 00 
 
 O rH O ■* O TO <M 
 O OS GO O «5 -"t OS 
 O CO <n TO r-J^ CO i> 
 
 c4" or(?fx>r(>r 
 
 OS rH TO TO 
 
 O -^ 
 
 COCOTOCOCOrHOfNTOrH 
 
 rf<'«l<iO<NCOOSOi?».t^OS 
 
 OS C^OSO«5rHrHOi-^ 
 
 •» ^ ^ *% r> »» «k 
 
 TO TO TO SO r-t XT' '^ 
 
 O »0 rH UJ OS 0» 
 
 rH O rj< e* 
 
 00 lO O O -^ CO (N 
 
 OS (N TO O »« »C rH 
 
 O «5 CO O TO 1- 
 
 r> w vh ^ «^ «K 
 
 O rH CO IH •»>• CO 
 
 00 OS T»< r-t 
 
 ui OS 
 
 X>»TOC0OTO»0(N»0Ot^ 
 rHiOCOOSC^OOOOSTOt- 
 U500Tj<TOOSOrHCOrHTO 
 i>.00rHrHt>.U5OS-^<N(N 
 C^r>-OSQ0TOOSCOrHCOX>- 
 .t^ t^ "^ t^ HO OS 00 
 
 »» r« *^ *« •» 
 
 t^ »o 'tj* ui 00 
 
 cr: t- to rH OS OS -^ 
 OS o rH ■^ to to -^ 
 
 t^ -^ CO fr- OS rH TO 
 
 •t- TO (N ■* ■«* 
 TO -* rH to fi 
 
 rH to 0« 
 
 r-{ 00 
 TO 
 
 
 TO-^OOWifNlO OS<N 
 
 -^-^tO'ilttOIN O-* 
 
 CO ^ O -t^ TO t>» •'^ ""J* 
 
 rHOSOS'>*0'«* 0(M 
 
 ^ to XT' TO OS ""i* '^ ^ 
 
 TO CO to TO CO 00 
 
 #* ^ r» ^ M* 
 
 ■^ OS CO '^ 00 
 
 CO 00 t^ rH i>. OS t- 
 to 1> 1> CO <N to (N 
 ■* CO 00 O^rH 00 
 
 cTco" ui 
 
 (M ^ to 
 
 *- 00 
 
 ^CO'tJtOOSiS^ •*■«* 
 
 TOCOOS(N-<!»<>0 *^J>" 
 
 0S-^«CO<MrH Tj^t-. 
 
 r> ^ 9% «\ v^ •<» 
 
 CO -^ TO <N O TO 
 
 »0 O 00 -^ i>' O 
 
 i> OS r-i -^ r-t 
 
 OOSOOOIN i> OS00-^>OTOTO «500 
 
 •<*<MTOQOTO y-t Oi^COCOO-t' TOCO 
 
 TOt-MSOOOS to l>-OSCOOrHtO OSCO 
 
 t^CO rHOS TO O00<NOi^<N OSQO 
 
 rHOS rHOS i-t -rt^tOO^TOOO COTO 
 
 rH t^ 00^ e»3_ OS^ CO^ (N^ '^*^ 
 
 r-^ in Oi -^t^Ui-^ 00 
 
 TO <N 
 
 ^ 
 
 0! 
 
 2 I « 
 
 ^ — ,.. CJ 'S ^-. 
 
 V,&H -^ S 3 § ^ I 
 
 
 -^.Z 
 
 a 
 
 -i-s 
 
 
 g 
 
 -§ 
 
 ii:all|| 
 
 
 I1^ 
 
 o 
 
 04 m m o pq h3 h3 ^ W H 
 
 I 
 
15 
 
 00 M O CO 
 
 o o 00 a» 
 
 »0 t» (N -^ 
 
 #« •% cs __r» 
 
 O to '^l* CO 
 
 Ui CO ft 
 
 50 t^ 
 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 Ui 
 
 
 O t-f «? 
 
 00 (N CO 
 
 rH OS O 
 
 O <© 00 
 
 CO »o 
 
 (M 
 
 00 
 
 IN 
 
 00 
 
 r-^ 
 
 00 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 «o 
 
 ^ 
 
 ■N 
 
 Tf t-- 
 
 Ui 
 
 OS 
 
 ^ 
 
 «o 
 
 ^ 
 
 SO 
 
 o 
 
 ■^ i'- 
 
 
 i-i 
 
 rH 
 
 00 
 
 (N •!>• 
 
 CO 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 i-H 
 
 o 
 
 (O 
 
 (N 
 
 00 
 
 o< 
 
 Ui 
 
 
 
 
 
 OS 
 
 «3 
 
 OS 
 
 fO 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 00 t". 
 
 
 on 
 
 OS 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 <N 
 
 CO 
 
 l-H 
 
 o 
 
 (M 
 
 i~- 
 
 OS 
 
 I— t 
 
 1— I 
 
 o 
 
 1-H 
 
 
 •^ 
 
 •* 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 I— 1 
 
 1- 
 
 ''J' 
 
 
 OS 
 
 <N 
 
 
 
 (N 
 
 
 
 (N 
 
 W5 
 
 O i>F 
 
 o 
 
 OS 
 
 CO i>. 
 
 I— t 
 
 «> 
 
 1— 1 
 
 CO 
 
 
 rv 
 
 f 
 
 •»• 
 
 05 
 
 -* 
 
 (N 
 
 <N 
 
 iO 
 
 1— 1 
 
 O i>» 
 
 
 iO 
 
 OS 
 
 00 
 
 
 otT 
 
 
 
 
 OS 
 
 (N 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 T|» 
 
 
 
 •^ 
 
 "^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 (M 
 
 
 
 -^ 
 
 ■* 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 -'J* 
 
 "^tt 
 
 
 
 i>. t- 
 
 
 
 Tt< i- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 J>. 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 ■* 
 
 rH 
 
 
 
 W5 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 OS 
 
 fO 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OS 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 «o 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 I— 1 
 
 i>- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 09 
 
 fcD§ g g 
 
 J. '^'3 
 
 I 
 
 OS 
 
 OS -H* 
 
 OS OS 
 00 
 
 OS 
 
 to 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 00 
 
 00 00 
 
 © «5 
 O i-t 
 
 ■«J< ^ 1-^ CO (M »<S iC 
 
 OS Ui I- 00 00 00 <M 
 
 A* Tj< O W5 00 O 
 
 rH CO CO 
 
 CO CO !>• 
 
 O (N «i 
 <N 
 
 Ui 
 
 O t- O -t^ OS 
 
 CO "C CO CO t^ 
 
 •«* CO r-1 OS IN 
 
 Hjt -^ 00 ■«»< 
 
 00 O O rH 
 
 OS CO CO 
 
 CO o< 
 
 O OS -«*< rl CO 
 
 CO X5 rH (N (N 
 
 OS (N O CO '^ 
 
 r« V' *s #« 
 
 1- CO ■»)< CO 
 
 00 ■* o 
 
 94 (N OS 
 
 CO rH 00 CO t— 
 CO O ■^ rH CO 
 rH^ OS^ CO_ S^ (N^ 
 
 CO »o^ wf cJ" oT 
 
 CO i>- rH 00 OS 
 (N CO rH O <N 
 
 1-H -^ O X" CO O 'O <ft 
 OOSlCt-'OO-^rHfN 
 
 os^ ^- -^ o^ os^ o^ o^ 
 
 of rH~ cf 00 CO of 
 (N CO CO CO "C »o 
 00 O^lN rH^ 00 
 
 <o lo o o 
 
 (M CO CO -^ 
 
 O rH rH 
 
 O 00 iM 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 ■«ti rH (N CO (N 
 (N <N 00 O t- 
 
 CO t^ 00 rH rH 
 
 rH CO t- 
 l-H 00 
 CI 
 
 OOOSOS QOOSOO-t^'OCO'O 
 
 rHCOCO COCOCMOOOO-*-!' 
 
 »o 00 o^ cs_ cH o 00 co^os^i.^^ 
 
 co~-^ oo" "^jT 00 -^ co" c^" 
 
 •^ r1 <N t-rHOS(N(N 
 
 rH (N 
 
 ■^ (N O It- CO 
 
 O 00 O IN rH 
 
 •^T)<^rH 00 (N^ 
 
 •^ccT ccT^ir 
 
 ^^- OS O rH 
 
 OS (N «0^ 
 
 CO (>r 
 
 CO 00 IN 00 ■«1' 
 CO CO CO rH lO 
 CO^lO^CO^lN s^ 
 
 ccT oTeo" CO* 
 00 IN <-* 
 
 oi 00 
 
 CO rH O *«»< 00 
 
 CO O CO '^ 03 
 
 rH OS rH CO rH 
 
 1^ Ui kti CO tfi 
 
 CO i- rH CO 00 
 
 (N CO rH O (N 
 
 CO«50i^OS»f5(NO 
 CO»OCO-t>»OSCOi>''0 
 OS CO •<1< rH CO o c<5^ 
 
 os' ir^ ■«*■ -"(jr oT OS 
 
 OS W5 rH ■<}< (N IN 
 
 J>> OS (N C:S CO 
 
 00 O O CO 
 
 CO >0 rH CO 
 
 OS CO "^ ^ 
 
 •«* O -^ 00 
 
 CO "^ c^ 
 
 o OS CO 
 
 rH 00 CO 
 
 OSOOOOlNl- U50 
 
 »O0000-^iN«S rHCO 
 
 00rH(NOOW3 OCO 
 
 rt ^ «o #s r^ ^* •*. 
 
 CO 00 rH rH (N «0 rH 
 
 •^ Ui O CO O 
 
 CO rH rH CO 
 
 CO 00 »o 
 OS 00 CO 
 CO rH O 
 
 cTco 00 
 
 f-H Ui 
 
 Ui Ui 
 
 IN 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 00 o 
 
 »0 CO 
 
 CO ''^ 
 
 Ui Ui 
 
 CO »o 
 
 U3 00 
 
 O O O rH 
 CO rH O ir» 
 CO M (N (N 
 
 V^ ^ «k ^ 
 
 H»l i>. ©< rH 
 
 rH CO CO 
 
 ■«»< O 00 IN rH 
 00 O U3 CO OS 
 •^ rH ft 
 
 OS (N l> 
 
 rt* o 
 
 CO i-H 
 
 W5 (N 
 
 OS 
 
 o 
 
 CO r-i 
 
 Ui Ui 
 <i0^ui 
 
 00 (^" 
 OS i>. 
 
 00 O O (N 
 i^ ■>* rH OS 
 Wi^rH^IN^rH^ 
 
 crco"ef i>^ 
 
 <N O CO 
 O OS (N 
 
 rH CO CO 
 
 OS-'fOCMOCO Ui (Z> 
 
 lOOQOOOOSCO rHCO 
 
 OOi^-rHOjOSCO OCO 
 
 CO CO Ui CO rH 
 
 (N U) OS CO O 
 
 CO rH CO 
 
 OS 00 «5 
 «5 t^ CO 
 OO^OS^O^ 
 
 cTtfT 00 
 
 00 «5 
 
 CO "5 
 
 <N 
 
 Ui 
 
 o 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 IN 
 
 Ui OS 
 
 CO x*" 
 CO 00 
 
 Tf CO 
 
 |i 
 
 S ?:; a . 
 
 Sh 'i 
 
 p'^oPtnotaM 
 
 § 
 
 if 
 
 -T g 
 •-5 ca 
 
 «! 
 
 O! 
 
 -6 
 
 f 
 
 a 
 
 I— I 
 
 r 
 
 
 H^Oa2MP>H 
 
 3 
 
 •I 
 
16 
 
 5^ 
 
 '■S5 
 
 .*»<* 
 
 
 rl) 
 
 O 
 lO 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 3 
 
 a 'o 
 
 2Ph 
 
 ^ c 4 
 
 ■^ a; rt 
 ^ * « 
 
 
 « 
 
 CO "^ 
 
 ^ ^ - 
 ■^ a, c« 
 
 O 
 
 §B 
 
 ix^ 
 
 m 
 
 r-l O 
 » O 
 r-< O 
 
 1- o 
 
 Ol I— t 
 <© 05 
 CI »Ci 
 
 CO 00 
 
 cd 
 
 »o 
 
 
 00 
 
 CO 
 
 00 CO 
 
 Oi 1^ 
 O 1- 
 
 
 "-H CO r-l ■'t* CO O 
 
 CO C^ CO (N i-H O 
 
 CO i.- CO <M 00 CO 
 
 •V r> 9> 9^ ^^ w* 
 
 O P-t f-H ■<*< 1— t rH 
 
 CO 
 
 CO ?-H w 
 
 rHOOOeO 0«0 COr-HfNCOCOOSTflr-O 
 
 OiOr-((N 00-* >OCOCO<NOOS(N>00 
 
 i?fo"cr-t-^ <>f-^ CO'c»5~00~f-i'»OCO-^«"i-r 
 
 i>iMOS-<t< CO 00-^ OrlrH 
 
 X--.0 (N(N COr-(<NCOCOi>.-<*OiO 
 
 t-iO CO I-' 00 1^CO(NO-^(NCOO 
 
 r-1^ co^ 00 00 o^ '^ 00 i-<^ o <N «N^ eo_ os_ 
 
 i-- CO M CO CO t-- i-H OS 
 
 Oi 
 
 O r-l CO 
 
 O ■* J- 
 rH O^t-^CO_ 
 
 cT cTco^ 00 
 
 i> (M r-( 
 
 00 ■* 
 ■"If i>- 
 
 Ui OS 
 
 i- CO 
 CO 
 
 o o 
 
 i- Oi 
 
 CO r-t 
 
 (N OS 
 
 O <N 
 
 00 
 (N 
 
 00 
 
 I— < 
 
 (M O 
 
 Ul O 
 CO G5_ 
 
 os"o~ 
 Oi t- 
 
 OS i—i I— ( 00 
 
 CO OS <N O 
 (N >0 CO Oi 
 
 CO 00 cd^cT 
 
 >-H (N <M rt 
 
 iM O CO 
 
 O CO 00 
 
 CO O CO 
 
 »* r^ r. 
 
 rH CO 00 
 I— I 1— I 
 CO 
 
 1-H 00 
 00 CO 
 rH_0 
 00 Ui" 
 
 1-H O 
 
 ■^ o 
 
 00 
 
 rH (N 1- rl 
 
 rH CO CO CO 
 
 rH Oi rH t'* 
 
 CO rH~ OS O 
 
 CO rH r-t »0 
 
 O »C CO 
 
 00 
 
 CO CO 00 r-H CO 
 
 CO CO CO 
 ir^^oT 00 
 
 (N O 
 
 ■* >o" 
 
 O O 
 ^ O 
 W5 CO 
 
 <N 
 
 CM O 
 «5 O 
 
 co^Ci^ 
 
 Cl XT' 
 
 00 OS ->4* ■«>■ 
 «5 <N 00 t^ 
 
 ■<*< Oi 
 
 iM 1X> -^ r-l OS CO 
 
 CO CO t-- Oi 
 eo r-t r-i 
 
 CO CO 
 
 OS 
 
 OS 
 Oi 
 
 
 as s5 « 
 
 O) 
 
 o 3 
 
 a. 
 
 O 3 
 
 ^ 
 
 J £ rt 
 
 
 2rS ^ 
 
 M (3 
 
 8r11 
 
 a SC.S-- 
 
 03 O 
 
 
 g OI C Mg 
 
 ±1^ h 
 
 Ph 
 
 -2 M a ^ .^ 
 
 
 1 1 
 
 T30 
 
 a 
 
 '^.'^ 
 
 
 S '^ 
 
 & 
 
 oo 
 
 3 P^ >. 
 
 a> 
 
 >i 
 
 ^ (3 
 
 5-?! 
 
 
 'd p 
 
 cS 
 
 P5 PM O ^ PQ jin Q 
 
 ^s"« o 
 
 
 •a 
 
 ;5oQ?^otz;Ma20 0' 
 
 2 J 
 
 ^1 
 
 FJf 
 
 1:1 
 
17 
 
 eo 
 
 -<t* 
 
 «o o 
 
 04 
 
 r-t O 
 
 (N 
 
 CO « 
 
 
 
 •^ 
 
 i-l t-i 
 
 I— 1 
 
 CO 
 
 
 1-* 
 
 J ■'t* 
 
 i:- O 
 
 i (N 
 
 lO O 
 
 ^ <M 
 
 CO 05 
 
 
 
 > -* 
 
 CO tH 
 
 5 rH 
 
 rH 
 
 H 
 
 (M 
 
 - -^f 
 
 Ot o 
 
 t< CN 
 
 CO O 
 
 <l C^ 
 
 CO 05 
 
 
 f) ■* 
 
 CO rl 
 
 ^ rH 
 
 a 
 
 ■>» 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 rH 
 
 i< 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 » 
 
 iO 
 
 M 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 r-i 
 
 T) 
 
 l-H O 
 
 M 
 
 rj* o 
 
 -> 
 
 U5 CO 
 
 
 
 O 
 
 r-l 
 
 L-* 
 
 00 
 
 iTI 
 
 " o o 
 
 CO 
 
 »o o 
 
 o 
 
 Ui CO 
 
 iO 
 
 o 
 
 t^ 
 
 <N 
 
 
 l-H 
 
 
 03 
 
 
 (35 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 CO 
 
 f 
 
 .?■■ 
 
 I 
 
 00 CO 
 
 00 ,^ 
 
 ■^ Tt* 
 
 CD rH (N O O O 
 Oi »0 00 «3 f-l -* 
 CO -^^ CO CO 'O^ 00 
 
 i'T o 00 t-^ i^ oT 
 
 i>- 00 I-l OS CO CO 
 
 (M rH Oi 05 CO CO 
 ■rtt r^ 
 
 CO CO (M O O O 00 
 Oi O CO 110 "-H -^ "* 
 CO >C CO Oi «5_ 00 »0^ 
 
 i-^rH CD tr^l-^ di CO 
 i>- Oi i-H 00 «0 CO "0 
 (N IC Oi Oi CO CO <N 
 
 O 1^ -* © CO 
 
 O rH -^ Oi (N 
 
 (N Oi t- !>• Oi 
 
 «-' ^ ^ ^^ *» 
 
 •^ Oi t' CO 00 
 
 <N rH -^t* 
 
 CO o 
 
 CO <n 
 
 o o 
 
 Oi to 
 
 1—1 
 
 CO CO 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 (N 
 
 Oi CO 
 
 00 
 
 »o 
 
 (N 
 
 "* 
 
 (N 
 
 r-^ »(5 
 
 00 
 
 Oi i^ 
 
 X 
 
 CO 
 
 »^ W- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 CO rH 
 
 O t^ 
 
 CO 
 
 Oi 
 
 -* 
 
 1^ CO 
 
 r^ 
 
 00 
 
 iO 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 «N (M 
 
 Oi 
 
 Oi 
 
 CO 
 
 CO 
 
 (N 
 
 W- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 "* 
 
 
 1:- 
 
 I— 1 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 <M 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 -* 
 
 iO 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 o 
 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r-^ 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 r-l 
 
 
 OS 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 ■>* 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ''f 
 
 
 (N 
 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 x>. 
 
 
 
 
 
 r-t 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 
 
 i>- 
 
 9) 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 
 
 of 
 
 ws 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 eo 
 
 'tt^ 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 OS 
 
 00 
 
 
 eo 
 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 <o 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 -* 
 
 00 
 
 
 Oi 
 
 
 
 1-1 
 
 I-H 
 
 
 <3i 
 
 
 
 QD 
 
 
 
 •s 
 
 
 
 
 "<*l 
 
 
 <N 
 
 
 
 CO 
 
 C3 
 
 £3 
 CIS 
 
 0^-^ 
 
 s? 
 
 = 05 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 ^' 
 
 ^ 
 
 cs a 
 
 3 
 
 9 
 
 G 
 3 
 
 
 4) rr 
 
 O) 
 
 Oi 
 
 of 
 
 00 
 4& 
 
 \. 
 
 o o 
 o o 
 
 3 3 
 
 III 
 
 I 
 
 El 
 

 y 
 
 I 
 
 h 
 
 
 $22,525,781 
 
 18 
 
 From the foregoing Tables a knowledge of tlie Com- 
 merce entering and leaving the Port of Buffalo in 1850, 
 is pretty correctly arrived at. They sum up thus : 
 Table No. 1 shows that the value 
 of the Imports from the Lakes 
 was .... 
 
 Table No. 2 shows that the Erie 
 Canal delivered here, original- 
 ly destined to go to the West- 
 ern Stjites and Canada, 
 And for delivery in the City and 
 that portion of New York, on 
 and near Lake Erie, 
 Table No. 3 gives the amount re- 
 
 33,970,645 
 
 ,888,525 
 
 ceived by the Railroad from 
 March 15th to Dec. 20th, 
 
 - 6,152,931 
 $14,041,456 
 
 It is quite difficult to deter- 
 mine what portion of this $14,- 
 041,456 enters into the exports. 
 But it will not be tar out of the 
 way to estimate that, Tjy adding 
 to it, the value of the manufactur- 
 ed articles of ironmongiy, cabi- 
 net ware, leather, white lead, up- 
 holstery, and the productions of 
 numerous other manufactures in 
 this city ; a large portion of the 
 dry goods of light weight but val- 
 uable, brought by the Railroad, 
 originally started for the West- 
 ern States ; the export of the 
 
J^: 
 
 i 
 
 19 
 
 largest portion of the Salt bro't 
 up the Canal ; the large amount 
 of merchandise sold wholesale 
 and retail to Western tradei-s ; 
 the retail trade with Canada; and 
 the amount originally destined 
 for that portion of New York 
 bordering on Lake Ene; to place 
 the amount at three-fourths of 
 the Canal and Railroad impoi-tar 
 tions : which will give the sum 
 of 
 
 Total Exports, - - . 
 Tliese statements show tliat the 
 
 Import Commei'ce of Buftlilo, 
 
 in 1850, amounted to 
 The Exports to - - - 
 
 Forming a valuation of, (^67,027,518 
 
 To which it is proper to add the Commerce of Black 
 
 Rock and Tonawanda, ports at the lower end of Lake 
 
 Erie visited by vessels, in order to show the total of the 
 
 Commerce of the upper Lakes which concentrates at 
 
 Buffalo and the lower end of Lake Erie. 
 
 At Black Rock the value of Western and 
 Canada property received and shipped 
 down the Erie Canal in 1850, is - - $1,359,870 
 
 Property received by the Canal and shipped 
 
 to Western States and Canada, - - 587,823 
 
 The business of Tonawanda to Western 
 
 States and Canada, - - - - 86,812 
 
 From Western States and Canada, - - 1,118,682 
 
 The whole forming an aggregate of $70,180,705 
 
 $10,531,092 
 
 $67,027,518 
 
 $22,525,781 
 44,501,737 
 
f^i 
 
 
 \t\ 
 
 f 
 
 i 
 
 20 
 
 Without taking into consideration the immense paasen- 
 ger trade, the large sums of money carried across the 
 Lakes by purchasers of produce, Emigrants, Government 
 funds and Bank operations, which amount to many mill- 
 ions of dollars. 
 
 The States and countries which the property went 
 to and came from, are : — ^Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, 
 Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Minesota, Missouri, 
 Kentucky, Tennessee, Ai'kansas, Alabama, Mississippi, 
 Louisiana, New Mexico, Canada and that portion of 
 New York bordeiing on Lake Erie. 
 
 The Lake Commerce of the same States in 1848, 
 with the port of Buffalo alone, made up in the same man- 
 ner, as this statement is filed in the Topographical Bu- 
 reau at Washington, was - - - $60,140,062 
 In 1850 it is 67,027,518 
 
 Being an increase in two years of % 6,887,456 
 
 m 
 It' 
 
 I 
 
 Mil •' 
 
21 
 
 ^^', 
 
 ^ 
 ^ 
 
 I 
 
 CO 
 
 H 
 
 U 
 
 
 g"^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 a '7S ^ 
 vac 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 O «5 F^ 
 
 I- -r lo 
 
 00 ■n' F-< 
 
 r> v^ ^> 
 
 rH C^ F^ 
 
 «e »o ^• 
 
 C^ 40 •^ 
 ■^ Oi CO 
 
 <e us 
 
 .-< © 
 
 ©- 
 
 »-4 eo 
 iM o 
 
 OT TO ^ 
 
 00 0> 10 
 
 Oi V TO 
 
 >o « « 
 
 »• r- »^ 
 
 ■^ TO «C 
 
 (M TO i-H 
 
 O 
 I'. 
 
 05 
 
 00 
 
 TO 
 1^ 
 
 ^ t-- ■»t< 
 
 rH 00 I'. 
 
 r> r- ^ 
 
 TO TO t- 
 TO TO ^H 
 ■^^ -H^ (N 
 «0 " C>r lO" 
 
 O 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 o 
 
 i- TO 
 
 TO ^ 
 00 TO 
 00 (O 
 
 CO iQ 
 
 TO 
 
 00 t» 
 
 CO 
 
 TO •»»< 
 
 o 
 
 •■ •* 
 
 
 "t •^ 
 
 t- 
 
 1- p-i 
 
 o 
 
 OS -"f 
 
 0» 
 
 
 m 
 
 TO I'. 
 
 TO 
 
 Oft (M 
 
 <o 
 
 ■»t< TO 
 
 <N 
 
 1- -H 00 
 
 1^ K5 05 
 
 OS •»♦• o 
 
 »» ^ *» 
 
 r—l (N I-H 
 
 1- (N OS 
 
 «> o -^ 
 
 TO l'^ CO 
 
 «o Ol I- "♦• 
 
 I— « O 1— ' "5 
 TO O i-H 1-, 
 
 ». r. ». 
 
 OS ri •«t 
 
 fH (N l-H 
 
 O 'O t- 
 
 «5 «5 00 
 
 r> ^- r» 
 
 ■^ 1- 1- 
 
 O O (N 
 
 1-^ o_os_ 
 
 » ■^"■^ 
 <N TO rH 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 o 00 OS 
 
 OS (N !>! 
 ■<f (N O 
 
 »C © W5 
 
 ""t C-1 1-- 
 
 Ol I-H OS 
 r-H (M 
 
 TO 
 
 ?0 00 IM 
 »0 <© TO 
 
 (XI 
 r-t 
 
 (N ® TO i^ 
 
 I-H ^ © (N 
 (N 'J* OS 
 
 I-H l-H 
 
 00 
 
 TO 
 
 OS 
 © 
 
 © 
 IM 
 
 --< © 00 OS 
 
 1— t>. O TO 
 
 00'<>r 00 W3" 
 
 00 »o ■^ ^ 
 
 00 TO CO «5 
 
 «0 «0 © rH 
 
 TO I'- •^ft 
 
 ^ ^ TO 
 
 to 
 
 '^© 
 
 m 00 
 
 .Si TO 
 
 © © 
 
 00 00 
 
 © I-H 
 
 TO TO 
 
 GQft 
 
 
 
 ^ © © © 
 
 £ »C «5 «5 
 
 t, 00 00 00 
 ^ ^ nS I-H 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 ■■V4 '^ "^ 
 
 s - - 
 
 - ® ® j;^ 
 
 •«. CO TO W 
 
 bo 
 
 .9 
 
 V 
 M 
 
 3 
 
 
 ■g © o © © 
 
 g »0 »o «5 »o 
 
 O 00 00 00 00 
 
 ^ I—" l-H l-H ^ 
 
 ^ *» tj « 
 
 >-" © © l-H 
 
 TO CO TO TO 
 
 «o OS ^ 
 «c © © 
 
 I-H IM ^ 
 
 CO 
 
 iCl l-H CO 
 
 CO OS TO 
 
 IM 
 
 OS 
 
 I-H 
 
 ■ri © © 1- 
 
 I-H ifS © TO 
 IM •>♦• OS 
 
 r 9- 
 
 OS 
 OS 
 
 eo" 
 
 00 
 
 © 
 
 TO 
 IC 
 
 I 
 
■m^r 
 
 \ 
 
 ( 
 
 r I 
 
 i 
 
 f 
 
 n 
 
 
 % 
 
 i 
 
 22 
 Tlid irhole forming an iii^ij^rvgutc as follows : 
 
 No. 
 
 F«)r('i^ni Vc'««'Ih fr(»in Korcijrii l*orts ariivoti 
 
 Ft)roi^?i V«'s**<'ls tVom Koiciun Ports clcaieil 
 
 Aiiicric.'m N't'swls tVoin F<»r<'ij^n Ports. . . .anivt'il 
 AnK'iii'aiJ V'cshoIs from Foroij^n Porta. . . .rlcartMl 
 
 Coastiiii; 'JVudu arriv*.**! 
 
 Coawtiiig Trade i'lcaroJ 
 
 Totinagti. 
 
 47.) 
 40(1 
 I 5(1 
 102 
 {,r)5K 
 
 8,444 
 
 7ft,(U(M'2 
 7m,h|)7,40 
 20,740,03 
 24,0H4,H0 
 
 i,2rj5,4;<o,r)8 
 
 1,203,007,03 
 
 2,713,700,86-95 
 
 ViiMHclR 
 
 The following description of Vessels are now wintering in the Port of 
 
 Buftiilo:— 
 
 18 Steamboats tons 13,170,14 
 
 17 Propellers " 0,302,09 
 
 20 Brij;s " 4,7(^5,30 
 
 40 Sfliooiier« " 8,81 5,36 
 
 2 Smll)oat8 « 18,70 
 
 103 
 
 33,072,28-06 
 
 The whole forming an exhibit worthy to be compared 
 witli ahnost any of our Athmtic seaport towns. 
 
 Forming this Commerce, we find the sugar of Louis- 
 iana, the cotton of Tennefisee and Mississi])pi, the hemp 
 of Kentucky, the furs of Missouii and distant West, the 
 coppei" of Lake Suj)erior, the lead of Wisconsin, the agri- 
 cultural and forest products of all the States bordering 
 on the Lakes, the manufactures of New England and 
 New York, and a small amount of $4 3 8,0 20, in bond and 
 otherwise, of Canadian products. 
 
 This Commerce is conducted at great risk to life and 
 property, security to which should be rendered more 
 certain, by the building of good harboi-s to shelter it 
 from storms, and l:>y the improvement of the shallow 
 navigation through Lake St. Clair. If this were done 
 the saving in time and reduction in the price of freight, 
 lighter insm'ance, saving of lighterage and damage to ves- 
 
 
io,()2 
 
 ► 7,40 
 K),n3 
 <4,H0 
 
 u),r)8 
 
 )7,03 
 
 1)0,86-95 
 u I'ort of 
 
 ,14 
 
 ,09 
 ,:J0 
 ,35 
 ,70 
 
 ,28-06 
 
 mpared 
 
 ►f Louis- 
 le hemp 
 ^est, the 
 the agri- 
 ordering 
 and and 
 )ond and 
 
 > life and 
 •ed more 
 helter it 
 
 shallow 
 ere done 
 f freight, 
 ^e to vea- 
 
 selrt and car/^oi'M, and tin* greater l<>a< Is that could ho car- 
 ri<'d, would rrpay thecxpcnsif in one year. 
 
 The partially HnishtMl liai'hors around the Lake«4, hav- 
 ing heeii left several yeai*H without any appropriations or 
 r('j)airs, are rn])i<lly giving away l)('f(>rethe ntornis. Hars 
 are loniiiiig at tlit'ii* mouths, so that many ))orts cannot ho 
 (Altered hy heavily loa(l«'(l vessels without grounding and 
 sticking fast, greatly eudangei'ing vessel and cargo in a 
 etoi'm. Jn otlu'iN the channel of entranc*; has changed, 
 and the diillculty of entering and leaving is greatly in- 
 creased. At this Port, where more than half of all the 
 Conmierce of all tlit^ Lakes concentrates, it is not /m un- 
 comm(m night, to Hee half a dozen loaded vessels at a 
 time tkst on the ])arat tlie entrance of the harbor. The 
 periods between api)ropriations for these works are so 
 long, and the amount so limited each tinu', that the work 
 done under one ap2)ropriation is nearly desti'oyed, or 
 damaged to that degree that the subsequent appropria- 
 tion is consumed in repairs witlunit adding any new 
 works towards completing the original design. 
 
 Great and im[)oi'tant interests, so especially nccessaiy 
 to the welfare of the i)eople, as the internal trade of the 
 country, it is no more than reasonable to suppose, would 
 receive attention from Legislators. Cultivated and pro- 
 moted as it is by any and all other piiople, in this day in 
 our own land it is looked upon as a secondary consider- 
 ation and treated as such. Questions of an abstract char- 
 acter, not merely useless in themselves, but absolutely 
 mischievous in their tendency, alone engage the atten- 
 tion of Legislators, State as well as National. Instead of 
 devoting their time and talents to legislate for the in- 
 terest and good of the many millions who now jiossess 
 this happy land, and enjoy, under the mercies of God, all 
 
24 
 
 I 
 
 
 ■■■. i' k f 
 
 ^ r !i 
 
 If 
 
 f » 
 
 in 
 
 the blessings and pri\aleges a people can hope for ; — in- 
 stead of striving to bind the great family of American 
 States stronger together, by bonds of mutual interests 
 and good feelings, mischievous spirits, desecrating the 
 talents which God gave them for good and useful pur- 
 poses, are engendering discord and promoting ill will 
 and disunion, and if possible, endeavoring to destroy the 
 last hope of every lover of free institutions, and weaken 
 very much the belief in the capacity of man for self-gov- 
 ernment. 
 
 The great chain of Lakes, upon which some eight 
 States are bounded, and the Mississippi River the com- 
 mon outlet for more than a dozen others, are channels 
 possessing national character and importance enough to 
 engage the attention of Congress, which alone has the 
 power, right and ability to make appropriations for this 
 purpose, and "to regulate trade between the several 
 States," is altogether neglected. 
 
 Improvements by Congress on these two great routes, 
 the great avenues of trade of the whole Union, cannot 
 by any fair construction or reasonable language be called 
 local in character or purpose. The constant and abso- 
 lute necessary use of them by so many different States, 
 forbids such an idea. That there is a pressing want, 
 calling loudly upon Congress to make appropriations for 
 harbors, light-houses, beacons, dredging out channels on 
 the Lakes, and removing bars, snags or obstructions in 
 the Mississippi, is very evident, from the wrecks of ves- 
 sels, destruction of lives and property annually taking 
 place, for the want of these improvements. The Missis- 
 sippi River and the Lakes constitute the only connect- 
 ing water links between the Atlantic and the great 
 West. Through them ai*e annually pouring millions of 
 
25 
 
 property, the product of home labor, and carrying back 
 the manufactures of the old States, building up our At- 
 lantic Cities, and extending the Foreign Commerce of 
 our country with all the world. 
 
 The West for years has been applying to Congress 
 for slight appropriations to improve and I'ender safe 
 these National Water Courses, without effect ; while 
 they in turn have been asked by the older States to ap- 
 propriate millions for protection to Ocean Commerce, 
 not merely at home, but in all parts of tlie world, which 
 they have cheerfully done. The West think, and think 
 justly, that a million of doUai's worth of pi'operty, ex- 
 posed to the storms and tempests on a Lake coast, is as 
 much entitled to harboi*s for shelter as the same amount 
 of property is, on the Atlantic coast. 
 
 They furnish largely the materials to form the For- 
 eign Commerce of the country and cheerfully assist to 
 maintain a Navy as well as light-houses, harbors, and 
 forts, to shelter and protect it. Yet, when they ask for 
 slight appropriations, to iraj)rove the navigation of the 
 inland seas of the country, over which floats annually 
 twice the value of commerce that the foreign trade 
 amounts to, tlieir aiDplication is met witli the most cap- 
 tious and wire-drawn ol)jections, from sources tliat are 
 contiually participating in Governmental expenditures 
 of one kind or another. 
 
 The older States should reflect, that thC' march of 
 Empire is Westward. But a few years time is required 
 to change the representation in Congress. The repre- 
 sentatives from the Atlantic States will be diminishing, 
 while the West will be gaining rapidly. Should the 
 West, then, pursue the same illiberal course the Atlantic 
 States are now acting towards them, a less share of ap- 
 
 w 
 
] ji 
 
 k 
 
 'fif'" 
 
 U 
 
 26 
 
 propriations may fall to the Atlantic Coast than they 
 would desire. 
 
 This state of things need never happen, if the West 
 is treated fairly and as they should be. They ask but 
 little ; let Congress grant it, and no portion of the Union 
 will be found more willing and ready to make sacrifices 
 to any extent, or contribute more cheerfully to the glory 
 and welfare of the Nation than the West will be. The 
 impi'ovement of the Mississippi River and the navigar 
 tion of the great Lakes are matters of the highest im- 
 portance to them. The want thereof taxes them mil- 
 lions of dollars annually, in additional expense of moving 
 their products and the loss and damage of property, 
 vessels and lives. These unnecessary burthens it cannot 
 be expected they will always bear. The improvements 
 they ask, made in these great channels of trade, have 
 nothing in them of a local character, and the benefits 
 resulting will be national and general, and beneficially 
 felt in every part of the Union. 
 
27 
 
 tliey 
 
 ^est 
 : but 
 [nion 
 ifices 
 glory 
 The 
 avigar 
 ist im- 
 a mil- 
 loving 
 
 )perty, 
 
 cannot 
 
 Bments 
 
 e, have 
 
 benefits 
 
 3ficially 
 
 THE EEIE CANAL. 
 
 The figures I present in relation to the business tran- 
 sacted on this route, from Lake Erie to Tide-water, both 
 ways, are perfectly correct, and I'epresent truly tlie busi- 
 ness done. On this avenue every pound and foot of pro- 
 perty is A\'eiglied or measured, and the actual quantity 
 ascertained with great care. By referring back to Tables 
 No. 2 and 4, these figures and statements will be found. 
 They not only give the business done in 1850, but also 
 that of 1849. This I have done to exhibit the effect on 
 trade, of high and low tolls. 
 
 The purpose for which statistics rre collected, is not 
 merely to fill up paper with figures, but to obtain reliable 
 information for the safe guidance of legislation and other 
 business. Aware as I am, that the great majority of 
 people take but httle interest in such things, and never 
 for themselves take the trouble of investigating " causes 
 and effects," and have but little appreciation of the ad- 
 vantages of such investigations, I shall take the trouble 
 of analyzing these canal exhibits, and placing in a clear 
 and distinct light, the effect cheap transportation has 
 upon the movement of property. This labor of mine, I 
 am sure, will be most acceptable to all enlightened, wise 
 and prudent Legislators, saving them a great amount of 
 labor, and furnishing them a sure foundation to act upon. 
 
 Ever since tlie Canal was constructed, the wtmt of as- 
 cending tonnage has been severely felt, not merely as a 
 great source of revenue, but as a business to transporters, 
 to enable them to cany down freight at less rates, and 
 thus do away the necessity and wi'ong of charging upon 
 down freight alone, the greater part of the expense of 
 
1 
 
 liA 
 
 II 
 
 I 
 
 
 28 
 
 running boats, to and from tide-water. This could only 
 be accomplished by lowering the tolls, as they consti- 
 tuted the greater poiiion of the expense in moving pro- 
 perty, and extending the markets for our own manufac- 
 tures of iron, steel, nails and spikes, castings, machinery, 
 pig iron, salt, domestic cottons, and the heavy foreign 
 groceries required in the western country. From long 
 experience in the business, and from the seiies of facts I 
 had collected and embodied in a Memorial to the Canal 
 Board last winter, and further enforced before them by 
 other facts and argument, I clearly showed, that the as- 
 cending tonnage of the Erie Canal, if the tolls were re- 
 duced to the point I desired, would, in three years, in- 
 crease the amount of up freight^ known as merchandise, 
 T6,133,527 pounds, or 38,167 tons, of light and heavy 
 goods. 
 
 The actual ascertained increase in this particular kind 
 of property, nnder the operation of a wise and discreet 
 reduction of tolls on some leading articles,' has been 
 32,005,684 pounds, or over 16,000 tons, in one and the 
 first year of the experiment. That the circle of trade 
 has been enlarged, and our trade with the most distant 
 portions of the country been greatly increased by re- 
 ducing the tolls, see the foUomng statement : — 
 
 
 n 
 
29 
 
 nly 
 
 isti- 
 
 pro 
 
 ifac- 
 
 lery, 
 
 eign 
 
 long 
 
 cts I 
 
 3anal 
 
 ft V 
 ae as- 
 
 •e re- 
 rs, in- 
 ndise, 
 heavy 
 
 r "kind 
 iscreet 
 i "been 
 id the 
 
 trade 
 distant 
 
 "by i*e- 
 
 >> 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 aJO 
 
 <D Op 
 
 a3 
 
 00 
 
 aJ 00 
 
 Qi OS flj ?D 
 
 <£ (yi 
 
 rt," -!< 
 
 aJ « 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 N00NJ«ONTt< N<» N»C NOT NCO NQONt- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^^ 
 
 "P '"^^ ^^y rHnSOSTTrHrSrHTJl-^l^'^OO 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 g OzlS l-^Ta 0"|JS Q&'23 0"I^ rn'-f! OD Zfl rM' ^ «(f 
 
 
 
 r*^ 
 
 
 lisasj^ssss 
 
 
 
 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 "^ 
 
 '^ .S .9 .S .S .S .S .S .5 
 
 
 
 § 
 
 
 "a 
 p 
 
 nd steel. 
 ,123,153 
 I. and S. 
 ,702,167 
 I. and S. 
 ,831,693 
 I. and S. 
 
 134,000 
 
 none. 
 
 T. and S. 
 200,206 
 none. 
 
 Li 
 
 
 
 »; 
 
 
 ^ 
 fH 
 
 
 
 
 
 a 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 03 
 
 
 '^M 
 
 CS^jjCOpjrHgj gj 
 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 05 O »0 »0 Oi 1^ I- <M i- 1- !M OS (M lO 'O O O t-- 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 i-H «!-"«** 10 OSTOO«CO-+i-CCO I- C^JO't 
 
 
 
 tm 
 
 
 
 ■^csiMr-ico-^^icoi-oooi— i«i— ii-.j«roi— 1 
 
 
 
 (V 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 05 ■* OT ifS CO »* CC 1^ (N <0 « O "^ >0 >0 ■* t-' ifS 
 
 
 
 c3 
 
 
 
 O-»t'-*-*iN'*'MC5J^O'0F-iCr^i^,-^'N(M 
 
 
 
 
 
 C0<NWO<MOf-ii>-0i-<*<OXf-tJ.'-I-50t— 1«0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 1— <C^i— ((Mr-H'Mi— IrH i-Hi— 11— t I— t 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 oco^-oo(^^(^^ooM*>o■»t*l-^^o!^TO^>-o&<r)Oi 
 
 
 
 rs 
 
 
 
 05i-C0!M0ir»<(M0l0i«)«XO'^CCX)'MG0 
 
 
 
 fi , 
 
 • 
 
 
 ■>+cc»oo-<tooO(^^0»o«lrH(^^ooc^l^••t 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 t- lO 'N 00 — 1^ >0 r-i -»*< »0 '0 I^ >0 (M 05 O X' O 
 
 
 
 rj 
 
 
 CtiOl-OOOOCdCOi-OCOCOOOO-. C0C;i.•- 
 
 
 
 o CC 1 
 
 
 -»^0SO^-01rf<l— iO«tiO(NTfi— ifM-<tdO r~< 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i^ 
 
 
 
 r— 11— tr-ii— ( (Ni— l<N rH 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 O'M-^-*t<i-l-ir*<CCrHl-CC»Cr-t'*»0O»0 00«0 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 X— OOCSCOirJTOi-*?— 1005 1^-^>— 11— O'OiMOT 
 
 
 
 •3 C 
 
 
 1-1 >q_ CO tO_ C'J^ 0_ '^ 00 Oi O C| 00 ■* 05 00 lO >0 CO 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 i-T 00 cc' of c-r rH cT «o «5 1-i" 00 o i-H »o" oT ao cc ^T 
 
 
 « '■* 
 
 E. 
 
 
 io<:o»0'^050oO<«-'0«cr-ooOit-«i~«r-<ioi- 
 
 
 m 
 
 ZJ 
 
 
 J.-O_0ii^'CO^«CC^'W«Ci-lC^ o\ iC 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 
 l-H i-H 1— ( t-H 
 
 
 ■a 
 
 
 
 
 O O »0 (M Tt< 1- 00 1- 00 CO (M t- O «0 i- ifS »0 1— 
 
 
 
 
 
 QO-t'^Ol-lO'^OOCOlMr-lO'^'OiMC'JCNO 
 
 
 « 
 
 
 
 O00'»tC0>00i-*i-i-»t*OC0(MCS00«»00QC 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 s 
 
 
 
 OCOOOOi— lOi— ilOOOOlCOJCOCOl-'OtMOC 
 
 
 '.r* 
 
 
 
 -<+'<*OOi-lOi-H05COi-iOOOO(N>Ct^o:CNW5i- 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 »C ai «0 «C X:- CO 50 l- «r5 T}< <N <N (M <N 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 
 i-T 
 
 
 
 
 
 'rt<Ci0000O:iO»O'*COX-'+OiCqcO'>*'*00iC 
 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 CO-^ir-OOlMOOOOi-iCSfflOSX'S^COX-QOC^t- 
 
 
 
 
 
 ^:0C0«0<M>0i0(M<0C0O«0C00i>CC00SrM 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 r**s«K«-.». r- ^•^♦^♦.•^•s«^^»^#^»-. •s 
 
 
 !2> 
 
 
 
 X-»J^OOOO«irtH^liO!-tO>OW5i-iX.QO'MX-i-l 
 
 
 
 >-3 
 
 
 
 CO^"OOCOOS-^»0050COCOr-HCOX-COOS(M05 
 iOX>.Tt<00i-<CO»Oi^C5r-l00rH i— iTt<;0 r-4 
 
 
 
 o 
 
 
 
 
 
 h-H 
 
 
 
 .s^.sr<^rs.^^ r« r« 
 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 r— II— (rHi-Hr-li-Hr-l(N f— 1 i-H 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OOrHOOlO'CX-OSCOlOr-lOiCiC^XOii-iX- 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 X- rH(M CO CO OOrfOSlO-^i—lr-lCOOCOlO-^fN 
 
 
 
 c 
 
 
 
 Ocooox->Oi-(COi-coOio:cOco>ox-o:<N 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 x--i-i00jxr-k0i0'*^co0ico— li-oeccooo 
 
 
 
 
 
 lO'«*<i-Hi-lX^COCO00— lOCOCO'TPOt'COiMC-lJO 
 
 
 
 m 
 
 
 
 i-<CD05X--C0tOOSO0000C0C0 F—COiO i-H 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 C<,,--i,^rHr-li-(r-lC<« 
 
 
 
 <s 
 
 
 
 C0O00C00iC0iM01O00»-lX— -l-r-lO>CQ0F- 
 
 CO 
 
 
 ■^ 
 
 
 
 O O t- -^ -^ ■* 03 CO O CO !» a 'O -H* O .-N »0 X- 
 
 o:) 
 
 
 
 
 >OCO»Ci-i00C0C0X-'r-'»O«X>-^X-)"'+I-O: 
 
 I— 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 .,.^.s.^r-.^.^r..-^# .-.-....- *. .. .^ ^ 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ir5CO'-lrHCOOOCOT-iX-l-COOC3<ICi-»OCOX-i 
 
 CO 
 
 
 
 
 Xr-OC0C0<MJ:-QCO(X;00050C'0O0i>0 0iX 
 
 
 
 f 
 
 
 
 1-'*l--0«:)CC'Oi(30 0C'COX'NCOOOC0050 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 S-1 
 
 
 
 OCO(Ni-<CO<Ni— i(?1XX-C0'O<M5^»0C0 (N 
 
 
 
 S 
 
 
 
 Cs|r-ll-(.-lrHi-lr-Hr-< 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 OSOOl0050050010050C50C100iC 
 
 Oi o 
 
 
 
 
 
 •H' lO "* >C •* "Ci -* >0 -^ »0 't lO -^< >o -^ >o -* »c 
 
 ""t >o 
 
 
 
 
 
 00 X 
 
 X X 
 
 X 
 
 X 
 
 X X 
 
 X X X X 
 
 1— 1 1— 1 T— 1 I— 
 
 X X 
 
 1— 1 I— 
 
 ) X X 
 
 T— 1 1— 
 
 X a 
 
 rH r- 
 
 ^ X X 
 
 r- r— 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 o ^ 
 
 o 
 
 .1 
 
 r/ 
 
 i 
 
 1 
 
 ■ .s 
 
 Indiana 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 OI 
 
 g 
 
 1 
 
 C8 • 
 1 • 
 
 < 
 
30 
 
 -^. 
 
 lit f ! 
 
 l-S 
 
 V; 1 
 
 ^;i:l 
 
 t'f! 
 
 I » jr. 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 O 
 
 
 
 ^1 
 
 ^ o 
 
 ^3 rH 
 
 Oi 
 
 
 ^ o 
 
 X 00 
 
 X t- 
 
 1^ CO 
 
 -* o 
 
 "3 
 
 1^ 
 
 o 
 
 02 
 
 N 
 
 '-3 
 
 lis 
 3 
 
 JO CO 
 CC" CO 
 
 r>\ CO 
 
 1— (?! 
 
 02 Ot 
 
 ^ <>» 
 
 CC OS 
 
 CO t^ ■ 
 
 >0 CD 
 
 !>• i-H 
 
 r-l »0 
 
 >o O 
 
 I-H O 
 00 -H~ 
 
 « X) 
 '^ CO 
 
 'X GO 
 X 't* 
 
 O-f r-T 
 
 ■N CO 
 n Oi 
 
 irTco" 
 
 
 O .3; (N 
 
 ., O N O 
 
 ^O CO 'T3 X>- 
 |i- rH |jd CO 
 
 
 «J 
 
 c>^ -t o 00 
 
 CO CO 00 -Tf 
 <N_ 05^ O »0^ 
 
 >rr t-T t-T o~ 
 
 CO !M O 'O 
 ■* 00 Tl^lO^ 
 
 r-r(>r 
 
 00 >0 -^ rH 
 ■^ O 1— * »o 
 00 'O CO 1- 
 
 •^ cifco^ cT 
 
 1^ CO 'O OS 
 rH CO (N X-;^ 
 
 O CO 10 CO 
 CO -^ OS 00 
 
 CS^ 00 T-H^-^ 
 
 I-H i^-T of »o" 
 
 !■-. CO -t- C» 
 r— t rH T-H CO 
 
 OS OS i- "O 
 i- (M X i- 
 
 OS^ 00 X_^ i-^ 
 
 t£ -i^ ^ T^ 
 
 rH -t" CO -+ 
 CO CO O iM^ 
 
 c-f cT 
 
 CO CO OS Tf 
 >(0 ^t r-H C-< 
 CO >C T-i (N^ 
 
 -^ cT of co~ 
 
 rH -^ Ol r-H 
 
 of cT 
 
 Z^sco" 
 
 Oi 00 
 
 CO 
 
 
 CD 00 
 T-H OS 
 I- 00 
 
 CD (N 
 
 .-H_0 
 
 rn" oT 
 
 rl »0 
 J.-^ 00 
 
 00 o" 
 OS »o 
 
 rH O 
 OS «5 
 
 00 >f5 
 O O* 
 CO <N 
 
 O rH 
 CO rH 
 
 iff oT 
 
 »o J^ 
 
 rH 
 
 (M Th 
 
 CO rH i>. 
 
 t^ 
 
 »0 «5 
 
 00 C-l » 
 
 co 
 
 10 00 
 
 
 
 » •- 
 
 10 rl 
 
 >o 
 
 0: TjH 
 
 rH OS i--. 
 
 •J5 
 
 ^ 
 
 rH i- 
 
 CO 
 
 X^OS 
 
 CO t^ 
 
 CO CO 
 *f CO 
 
 of -^ 
 
 r-l UO 
 rH Tfl 
 
 10 -^ »o »0 X 
 
 OI rH OS CO CO 
 00 (>l_ CO^ »0^ 'O^ 
 " of t-^ 00 
 •r> <M X 
 
 ":, ^^ "^^ '-^ 
 cf of t-'i'T 
 
 OS' 
 
 X X 
 
 CD X 
 5D^ "O^ 
 
 cfof 
 
 i-H_rH 
 
 o o 
 
 X i^ 
 1-^ 00 
 
 ij^r o" 
 
 G<l CO 
 
 od'io' 
 
 o o 
 
 CSOOSOCIC OSO 
 -»+< »0 '+ "^O ■^ 'C -^ »o 
 
 X X X X X X X X 
 
 Cj O 
 
 -* 10 
 
 X 00 
 
 
 
 
 • ■ 
 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 
 • ■ 
 
 
 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 
 ^ • 
 
 
 «l 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 (S 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 2 
 
 
 >H • 
 
 H 
 
 c« ^ 
 
 03 
 C3 
 
 
livWR' 
 
 31 
 
 The necessity of reducing the tolk on heavy gooda 
 has become so manifest from tlie disclosure of tlie fact, 
 that the delivery in 1849, at Biiftalo, of Sugar, Molasses, 
 Coffee, Iron and Steel, Nails and Spikes, Crockery and 
 Glass Ware, with Oysters and Clams, Avas hnt 50,580,919 
 pounds, against (U,*UG,841 pounds of the same kind of 
 goods in 1848 — showing a falling off of 7,7<w"),922 pounds, 
 which were not purchased, or which had been diverted 
 through other States and routes, to the injury of the 
 canal revenues and its business. That tliis trade must 
 be invited back, and more with it, was no longer a ques- 
 tion to speculate upon. It must be done, and done im- 
 mediately. The fii*st step to accom])lish it was a dis- 
 creet reduction in the tolls. The forwarders were doing 
 more than their share to preserve it, by cai-rying light 
 and heavy goods for 15 cents a hundred, tlie whole 
 length of the canal, while the State was enforcing a 
 charge of 24 cents a hundred, and two cents a mile and 
 boat run, for using the canal. A crisis had come ; the 
 State must relinquish a part of this unjust and unwise 
 tax, or lose a great share of the business the Erie Canal 
 was constructed to perform, and deprive our own citi- 
 zens from reaching distant markets /or tlu sale of their 
 own productions. 
 
 Reductions were made (but not to the extent that 
 should have been done on certain ai*ticles,) on Sugar, 
 Molasses, Coffee, Iron, Nails and Spikes, of 20 per cent. ; 
 Pig Iron 25 per cent. ; on Salted Fish 50 per cent. ; on 
 Foreign Salt 50 per cent. ; largely on agricultural imple- 
 ments, undressed stone, and several other ai'ticles, ascend- 
 ing. On property going dov/n the Canal, the I'ates on 
 Pork, Bacon, Lard, and Whiskey, were reduced 25 per 
 cent. ; on Oats 33j per cent. ; Black Walnut Lumber 30 
 
 f 
 
33 
 
 f(t« 
 
 Iff 
 
 ft 
 
 «,'■■ 
 
 per cent. ; Bloom Iron 25 per cent. ; Tan Bark 50 per 
 cent. ; on Charcoal 87 J per cent. ; and relieved the 
 Hoi'ses used in towing boats from paying any toll. 
 These reductions made an average of from 20 to 25 per 
 cent, on the whole rates. The amoimt of property pass- 
 ing on all the canals in this State, in 1849, at rates of 
 toll then charged, produced a revenue of 3,268,226 dol- 
 lai*s. The same amount of property passing in 1850, 
 under the reduced rates, would give only 2,614,580 dol- 
 lai*s, being a loss in the revenue of 653,645 dollai's, or 20 
 per cent. 
 
 The business of the year 1850 has closed — and al- 
 though breaks in the Canal, interi'upting navigation, 
 have been more frequent than usual, and moi'e serious in 
 character, requiring great length of time to repair — ^the 
 deficit of the great leading articles of Wheat, Flour and 
 Corn, until after the Ist of September — the low prices 
 which have. ruled in market, for our agricultural pro- 
 ducts — ;the unfounded repoi'ts set afloat by interested 
 parties, and kept alive by silly articles in the newspa- 
 pei'S, throwing a discouraging aspect over business, with 
 numerous other drawbacks ; — all of which, under any 
 other circumstances than the cheapened rate at which 
 property was invited forward, would have caused a se- 
 rious loss to business and revenue. These Tables and 
 Exhibits present the business done in 1849 and 1850. 
 They can be compared, and the actual effect low rates of 
 toll has had in increasing the movement of property and 
 revenue, can be easily seen. 
 
 I respectfully suggested and explained to the Canal 
 Board the advantages that would be derived, enabling 
 us to legislate more intelligibly, if an alteration was 
 made in the manner of keeping the accounts of property 
 
33 
 
 id 
 
 ►0. 
 
 lof 
 
 id 
 
 passing on the canals. They readily saw the suggestion 
 was a j)ropei' on(», and permitted the Tables to be formed 
 under my advice and assistance, very mucli as they now 
 appear. Many articles are now enumerated that have 
 heretofore been cliussed amongst the item "Sundries." 
 We are now enabled to know something of the kind 
 and description of property transported on the Canal. 
 Thus, Corn Meal, Tallow, Lard, and Linseed Oil ; Horses, 
 Cattle, Sheep, and Hogs ; Machinery, and parts thereof ; 
 Oats, Eggs, Salt Fish, Copper Ore, Oil Cake, Ilemp, For- 
 eign Salt, and some otliers, are enumerated. Tlie ac- 
 counts pi'evious to 1850 do not show that any of this 
 kind of property was ever moved on the canals. This 
 will explain why the term " Sundries," in the foregoing 
 table of down freight, shows a less tonnage in 1850 than 
 in 1849. But by adding to it these several items it 
 greatly exceeds. Last year the term " Iron Ware " was 
 used ; this year, " Castings." A separate account is kept 
 this year of Steel ; last year it was mingled with Iron. 
 Railroad Iron is now distinguished from other iron ; 
 heretofore, if any, it has been put into the same account. 
 Salted Fish it a distinct article, as is also Foreign Salt 
 and Starch ; these articles have previously been mixed 
 in the account of light or eight mill goods. These ex- 
 planations of the New Tables ai'e made, so that the at- 
 tention may be more ejisily directed to the Increase or 
 quantity of each article. 
 
 The following concise statement shows the effect, re- 
 duction in the tolls has had in increasing Jieavy rip 
 freight^ denominated merchandiae, and causing it to be 
 transported the whole length of tlie canal : — 
 
 3 
 
ife 
 
 
 1 ■■ 
 
 34 
 
 Received at Buffalo in 1840. 
 
 Sugar, - - 12,005,181 
 
 Molasses, - - 11,172,433 
 
 Cofiee, - - 5,843,652 
 
 Nails and Spikes, - 6,005,308 
 
 Iron and Steel, - 0,198,711 
 Crockery and Glass Ware,l 1,102,710 
 
 Oysters and Clams, - 033,018 
 
 1850. 
 
 12,580,784 
 
 14,524,327 
 
 4,004,854 
 
 0,116,225 
 
 27,204,050 
 
 10,024,803 
 
 1,037,330 
 
 Pounds, 5(5,580,010 Pounds,88,455,372 
 
 Being a gain of 31,874,453 pounds over 1849, and 
 24,108,531 pounds over 1848, tlie year the largest quan- 
 tity was ever transported oii the Canal. See also the 
 great increase in Hides and Leather, Castings, and Iron 
 Ware, Pig Iron, Stone, Lime and Clay, Mineral Coal, 
 and sundries. And what is the most gratifying, as well 
 as the most beneficial effect of this is, much the largest 
 portion of this increase has passed over the Lakes, giving 
 business to our shipping as well as adding largely to the 
 business of Canals and Kailroads in other States. There 
 is a slight increase in light or eight mill goods, although 
 no reduction was made in the tolls. To show the real 
 increase in this kind of property, it is proper to add the 
 Salted Fish and Starch, as these articles were included 
 in the light goods in 1849, and paid the same toll. This 
 will give an increase in light goods of 131,231 pounds. 
 The whole amount of tonnage delivered at Buffalo in 
 
 1849 was 
 
 1850 was 
 
 211,047 tons. 
 200,923 tons. 
 
 Increase, 49,870 tons. 
 
 The result in regard to down freight is no less con- 
 clusive in favor of the effect the reduction of the tolls 
 has had in moving forward property. The increase in 
 Bacon and Lard is 60 per cent, over 1849, and much 
 greater than ever shipped on the Canal in any year. 
 The same of Lumber, Beef, Wool, Fish, Copper Ore, 
 
 I A 
 
35 
 
 con- 
 oils 
 in 
 uch 
 ear. 
 3re, 
 
 Charcoal, and many other ai-ticles. Pork m below last 
 year. Several reasonn can l)e assigned : Much goes off 
 in the hog, leaving less to pack in the Western Countiy. 
 Another, and not alight reason which had its effect : ex- 
 pectations were had that the tolls would be reduced ; 
 but the action of the Canal Board on the subject was 
 deferred until the first week in March — and information 
 did not get into the Wabash Valley that the tolls were 
 reduced until the middle of the month — when the gr*?at«r 
 portion of that article had taken a southerly direction. 
 Next year, the Pork of that country will, under the re- 
 ductions on the New York and Indiana canals, be re- 
 lieved the sum of two and one quarter dollars per ton, 
 which will have a great influence in determining the" 
 route it will take to market. This article moves early 
 in the spring. Not so with Bacon and Lard — they come 
 along at all times during the season of navigation ; and 
 the greatly increased quantity in 1850 over any other 
 year, shows clearly that the reduction in the cost of 
 transportation has caused it to come this way. It re- 
 quires no explanation why Wheat, Flour, Corn, and 
 Whiskey, are less than in 1849 : The scarcity of old 
 grain in the country and the unexpected demand on the 
 Mississippi, explains why it is so. Since the coming in. 
 of the new crop, from the first of September, the quanti- 
 ty of Wheat and Flour which has gone forward, exceeds 
 last year. The severe drouth in the western country 
 is the cause and only cause of a deficiency in Butter, 
 Cheese, and Seeds. 
 
 The great increase in all articles from the western 
 country, except a few leading ones (which the country 
 did not possess,) that every body looks to and talks 
 about, should be cause of entire satisfaction and work 
 
36 
 
 !l 
 
 i^ 1.: 
 
 I! 
 
 f. 
 
 lit'' 
 
 .i^ 
 
 1 ',»• I » 
 
 '1 
 
 conviction in tlie minds of all, that t\w, true way to o!^ 
 tain ImsinoHS anil revenue to the Erie Canal is, to dis- 
 creetly reduce the tolls more. 
 
 It wants no radical, violent hreakini^ down of* the pi'cv 
 sent rates — no sensible or prudent jx'i-son would ask 
 such action — but a discreet, wise and judicious re\ ision 
 and reduction, justified by ascertained fact^ and results 
 and the enlarged condition of the country and its pi'o 
 ducts to transport, do demand and re(|uii'e reasonable 
 reductions. This revision should take j)lace every year. 
 Some leading articles re([nire greater reduction than 
 others. In securing some prominent article, which every 
 route is striving for, a host of other snudler ones over- 
 looked by every body, come along with it. Who, a few 
 yeai'S ago, would have looked to the Erie Canal as the 
 ti'ansporter of four hundred and sixty tons of Eggs from 
 the Western[States, towards tide- water ? yet that (juanti- 
 ty did, in 1850, leave Buffalo on the Canal for such 
 destination. I mention this arti(ile as one of a multitude 
 of a similar kind. Is not the business and revenue de- 
 rived from this article as good as if obtained from wheat 
 or any other product, to the same extent ? Charcoal to 
 the amount of foi*ty thousand bushels, owing to 8 7 J per 
 cent, toll being taken off, has gone from Tonawanda to 
 New York for the first time since the Canal was con- 
 structed ; although there has been timber in any quanti- 
 ty, to manufacture the article. The tolls have hereto- 
 fore been utterly prohibitory; and never has a cent of 
 revenue or business been derived from this article until 
 this year. This being an entirely new business, has re- 
 quired one year's expeiience to acquire the necessary 
 knowledge to manage ?< profitably. This has been as- 
 certained ; and I am informed by those interested, that 
 
37 
 
 extonsive arrnnn^onH^nts are })eing mado to go larg(»ly 
 into this businoMS next year. 
 
 Ih not th(^ great intc^rcst of tlie people* m nmeli en- 
 titlcul to enc^rgetic, watchful and judicious attention, from 
 those having it in charge, as tht^ interests of indivichials 
 or corj)orations are? Ar» not Raih'oads owncul hy citi- 
 zens in this as w(^ll as otlier States, and Canals in fonugn 
 countries, all putting forth every exertion it is possible, 
 to divert away business from th<^ Erie Canal, in which 
 all the people of this State have an interest ? And do 
 not the high tolls imposed by the State authorities, give 
 them greater aid than any and all other things pnt to- 
 gether i Are not privileges asked for and granted to 
 Railroads, the C-anal would blush to think of? Who 
 or where is the citizen that asks all the tolls taken from 
 the Erie Canal, while combined interests of corporations 
 are overriding the anthorities of the State and its law- 
 makers, claim to and do receive that privilege ? They 
 are not satisfied to be put nj)on an equality with the 
 public. A reduction of tolls on the Canals is a like re- 
 duction on the Railroads. But this is not, nor will it 
 be satisfactory to them ; pnvate corporations in this 
 land of equal rights are much more sacred and worthy 
 of protection than the pul)lic rights. Who carries to 
 the consumer on the seaboard his barrel of flour for 
 twenty-five cents, and who takes the farmer his fish, salt, 
 sugar, iron, nails, and other supplies, at one dollar a ton, 
 the whole length of the State ? it is the Erie Canal, the 
 people's property, the great public benef i.ctor — and not 
 the labor or liberality of private corporations. All that 
 is charged above these rates, are the penalties affixed by 
 the public authorities for using this great State Work. 
 While thousands are readily found to shout for Rail- 
 
38 
 
 it 
 
 
 ^ i 
 
 roads and every new thing that appears, few think of 
 the Erie Canal, or the millions of property it has added 
 to the State, and created the very means now used to 
 bury it in oblivion. None turn towards the seaboard 
 and witness the growth of the Cities, or look to the West 
 and see a mighty Empire springing into existence, and 
 render honor where honor is due, and say, this is the 
 work of the Erie Canal. 
 
 I do not wish to be understood as saying anything 
 hostile against Railroads or any other route, for I do not 
 feel so. Railroads are useful and necessary, and even 
 indispensable, when no better and cheaper conveyance 
 for doing the business transportation of the country 
 can be had ; but for a State, blessed as this is, with a 
 water communication like the Erie Canal, connecting 
 the Ocean with the great Lakes, forgetful of the known 
 and realized benefits of the greater, and permitting them- 
 selves to become infatuated with the promised superior 
 benefits of the inferior, is surprising. But I do desire to 
 be known as a friend of the Erie Canal, and, if possible, 
 revive those feelings of friendship for it, which sprung 
 into existence, when, on the morning of Oct. 25th. 1825, 
 the cannon placed on its banks, announced to the people, 
 from Lake Erie to Sandy Hook, the completion of this 
 Great Work — that the great avenue of trade was now 
 opened, through which the illimitable trade of the West 
 would flow, enriching this State to a degree hardly 
 within the reach of the imagination to estimate, and 
 which from the records and evidences of the benefits it 
 has conferred, not merely on this State, but the whole 
 country, it has never justly forfeited — An avenue of com- 
 merce of more advantage to the great public than all 
 the others — The regulator of all other routes and modes 
 
 I 
 
39 
 
 of conveyance tLrougliout the broadest extent of the 
 land, for carrying on the transportation of the products 
 of the country. If it can be permitted to exhibit its 
 ability, by relieving property passing on it from unne- 
 cessary burthen, to diffuse blessings untold, it will be 
 found as it ever has been, the true and faithful servant, 
 which will always do its duty, although it shall be re- 
 warded with sneers, and be spoken of as having in a 
 measure become useless and seen its best days. 
 
 Before we condemn and discard this ftiithful old ser- 
 vant, the Erie Canal, let us appeal to the records of its 
 business done, and see if we have any just cause for 
 doing so. The Albany Ai^gus states, that the delivery 
 at tide-water in fifteen working days, that is, from the 
 15th to the 30th November, 1850, both days inclusive, 
 to have been, in 
 
 Flour, barrels 565.417 
 
 Wheat, Corn, Rye, Barley, and Oats, 1,644,581 bushels, 
 
 equal 328,917 
 
 Pork, Beef, and Ashes, 50,087 barrels 77,551 
 
 Butter, Lard, Bacon, Cheese, and Wool, 13,645,785, lbs. 63,175 
 
 1,035,060 
 Lumber, Timber, Staves, Wood, Coal, Corn Meal, Oils, 
 Tobacco, Seeds, Dried Fruits, Leather, Domestic 
 Spirits, Bran and Ship-stuflFs, Pig Iron, and nume- 
 rous other articles during the same time, I estimate 350,000 
 
 The whole being equal to 1.385,060 
 
 Barrels of Flour, of nearly 100,000 barrels a day for 
 fifteen consecutive days. 
 
 This would be looked upon as a pretty fair business 
 to be done in so short a time, on a channel " that has 
 seen its best days," whose " tow-path is becoming covered 
 with grass," " its waters a solitude," and from their stag- 
 nant condition becoming unhealthy " for want of being 
 stirred up by passing boats !" This exhibit only shows 
 
40 
 
 I? 
 
 el I 
 
 iv^ 
 
 
 the business done one way. It it quite probable a few 
 tons more or less left tide-water for the interior during 
 the same time. 
 
 The followins^ concise statement of the movement of 
 propertj^ on the Erie Canal to and from tide-water, for 
 the years 1847, '48, '49, and '50, I have taken from the 
 ICvemng Journal^ which has had access to the accounts 
 of 1850, since they were made up : 
 
 1847 
 1848 
 1849 
 1850 
 
 To Tide Water. 
 Tons, Valuation. 
 
 1,744,283 
 
 From Tide Water. Total Movement J^ Value. 
 Tons. Valuation. Tons. Valuation. 
 
 1,447,005 
 l,.'">79.94r) 
 2,034,018 
 
 50.883,907 
 52,375,521 
 55,480,941 
 
 313,031 
 329,461 
 317.3G4 
 441,582 
 
 74,943.450! 1,777,306 
 7.5,266,073 1,809.310 
 85,177,068 2,475,600 
 
 2,057,314 .$151,612,109 
 125,&27,,S57 
 127,641,594 
 140,658,009 
 
 Increase tonnage 1850 over 1849, more than 30 per cent. 
 " valuation near 11 per cent 
 
 The amount of tonnage moved in 1847 is greatly ex- 
 ceeded in 1850 ; but the extraordinary quantity of 
 wheat and flour sent to market that year and the un- 
 usually high prices they commanded, give the values 
 that year the ascendency over any subsequent one. But 
 in all the essentials of business and benefits to the coun- 
 try, it loses its position, and must succumb to 1850. 
 
 <j !• 
 
 TOLLS COLLECTED IN 
 
 1847 
 1848 
 
 3,635,381 
 3,SJ52,212 
 
 1849 
 1850 
 
 3,268,226 
 3,276,903 
 
 
 'hi 
 
 i'. 
 
 If.-- 
 
 Does the business done upon, and the revenue derived 
 from, the Erie Canal in 1850, show, that "the great 
 State of New York must abandon her Canals — groan 
 under an impoverished treasury and magnificent debt, 
 &c., (fee"! ! On the contrary, do not these figures de- 
 monstrate with what fidelity and watchful care this State 
 should guard and cherish the Erie Canal, which has 
 secured to them the immense treasures of the business 
 
 a^' 
 
 W'l 
 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
41 
 
 w^' 
 
 of the illimitable and prolific We^t, which trade can 
 never be taken from them, but can annually be in- 
 creased, if they are faithful to the great trust resting on 
 them. 
 
 I have procured these figui'es and facts and made 
 these remarks from a high regard for the l)est interests 
 of the people of this State, in the hope it will arouse a 
 latent feeling of duty on the part of legislators and those 
 having in charge the public works, not to sacrifice them, 
 by reducing the revenue derived fi'oiii them, wliich goes 
 into every man's pocket, by giving to rival and incom- 
 petent means (Railroads) privileges for doing the busi- 
 ness this State has expended her tens of millions of dol- 
 Iai*s to secure, not enjoyed by the great public, to satisfy 
 the craving avarice of the few. Place all the Canals and 
 Railroads everywhere in the State on the same footing 
 of equality : If tolls are taken off on one mode of con- 
 veyance take it off the other. In the meantime exact 
 the same care and watchfidness in collecting tolls and 
 seeing that property does not escape scot-free on the one 
 that is watched by hundreds of eyes on the other. On 
 the Canals no man is trusted a moment for tolls — his 
 bills of weight not confided in — inspectors are multiplied 
 . to watch him at every point — expensive weigh-locks are 
 constructed to weigh boat and cargo, to detect any at- 
 tempt at fraud, and when caught at it, severe fines and 
 penalties are imposed. See how Railroads are indulged. 
 No one looks after them — exceptions are made in tlieir 
 favor — they carry what they please — return an amount 
 for as much as they please, and some time in the course 
 of the next month after the tolls are due, they are paid 
 on just so much as the managers see fit to return. I do 
 not say the Railroad managers would be guilty of de- 
 
 n 
 
i 
 
 m 'i 
 
 ff- 
 
 kis 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 ,11 
 
 
 42 
 
 frauding the State of its just dues, but I do say, that all 
 men are very much alike when looking to their own in- 
 terests. Accidental mistakes must always happen in 
 their favor ; and I happen to know, for they have been 
 caught at it and exposed and fined, that dishonest men 
 doing business on the Canal have resorted to every kind 
 of ingenuity to cheat the State out of tolls. 
 
 Tlie Erie Canal has already built and sustains the 
 Chenumg Canal, Chenango Canal, Crooked Lake Canal, 
 Montezuma and Seneca Canal, Oneida Lake improve- 
 ment, contributed three millions to the New York and 
 Erie Railroad, and is now constructing the Genesee Val- 
 ley Canal, the Black River Canal, paying for its own con- 
 struction and enlargement, and furnishing annually large 
 sums to support the State Government. Having al- 
 ready done so much, and all the time doing more good, 
 would certainly seem to entitle it to every care and pro- 
 tection until all these great objects are completed, when 
 the tolls on all routes may be reduced to nominal rates, 
 which will remove the necessity of taxation to support 
 the State Government — with our magnificent system of 
 internal improvement completed and paid for, and an- 
 nually adding millions of dollars to the value of property 
 in this State, even while these works are progressing to 
 completion. 
 
 The truth is, we have lost sight of the polar star which 
 has led this State in her march to greatness, and have 
 been following imaginary lights which recede from us 
 as we approach them, leaving us disappointed, discon- 
 tented, and unhappy, and almost ready to abandon the 
 very agent which each revolving year is adding millions 
 to the wealth of the State, and preeminently distin- 
 guishes her above all others. It is time we should come 
 
 m 
 
 m 
 
TTVi^'^W^ ''■^" 
 
 43 
 
 back from our visionary speculations and wanderings to 
 the sober realities of fact. The State of New York pos- 
 sesses in her Erie Canal, an unrivalled and never to be 
 equalled channel of communication between tlie Ocean 
 and Western country. A judicious and wise administra- 
 tion of its management, discreetly reducing tolls from 
 time to time, 7/hen doing so will increase business and 
 revenue — enlarging its capacity as is now being done 
 every year, making it more convenient and inviting to 
 trade to pass it — a stead}^ and judicious course of action, 
 uninfluenced by the clap-trap hue and cry from every 
 interested quarter and interest, is all that is required, to 
 make this work what it was originally designed to be — 
 the great business route to and from the Atlantic to the 
 great and growing West — securing as it has done that 
 trade to the benefit of the peoi)le of this State — paying 
 for its own construction — discharging the debts of the 
 State — furnishing means to carry on the State Govern- 
 ment, as well as for accomplishing other works of im- 
 provement, and all without costing a citizen one cent. 
 
 Little as I fear its business being drawn away, by 
 any of the new routes and modes of conveyance now 
 completed, or to be completed, I am decidedly in favor 
 of discreet reductions being made in the rates of toll on 
 certain great and leading articles — 
 
 Because, it will be the means of increasing its business 
 and revenue — give constant employment during the sea- 
 son of navigation, to the more than 40,000 j^ersons en- 
 gaged upon it, many of whom having the fruits of the 
 labor of their lives invested in a boat and horses, are en- 
 titled to this consideration from the State, while from 
 the joint labor of all, the Treasury receives annually more 
 than 3,250,000 dollars : Because, a reduction in the tolls 
 
 I] 
 
 \ 
 
44 
 
 
 llff 
 
 I i 
 
 on the Erie Canal, will compel overy other route and 
 mode of transportation to reduce their charges, thereby 
 making them more useful than they would otherwise be, 
 and thus aiford the benefit of cheap transport, to the 
 most extended portions of our country: Because, by 
 such reduction, the consumer will be furnished with 
 cheap bread, the producer relieved from an unnecessary 
 tax in carrying it to market, and will enable the necessi- 
 tous millions of Europe to obtain supplies in our sear 
 board markets cheaper than in any other country, and 
 aid essentially in increasing our Foreign trade : Because, 
 the increase of business annually required to be done to 
 and from a rapidly growing country, will more than re- 
 place any deficiency in the revenue, caused by a reduction 
 in the rates of toll, although the precise article on which 
 the reduction may be made, may not increase sufficiently 
 to make good that particular loss — yet a reduction on 
 certain great leading articles will cause such a general 
 movement in all, through the Canal, that no loss of reve- 
 nue need be apprehended : Because, a series of facts col- 
 lected yearly and from different sources, all concur to 
 prove that a reduction in the tolls on the Erie Canal ex- 
 tends the circle of trade, enlarges the market for our 
 own manufactures, and adds greatly to the business for 
 our shipping on the Lakes, the Canal, and the Ocean : 
 Because, the tolls on the Western Canals connecting with 
 the Lakes, desirous of receiving from and giving the Erie 
 Canal business, are steadily being reduced to the mutual 
 advantage of both : Because, the more business done on 
 the Erie Canal, and the more revenue collected there- 
 from, will inure to the benefit of every citizen of this 
 State, and be advantageously felt in every department 
 and occupation in life : And because, experience, several 
 
■al 
 
 45 
 
 and different periods of times repeated, has iinltbrnily 
 demonstrated tliat every reduction in the cost of moving 
 property on the Eri(3 Canal, lias resulted in laigely in- 
 creasing its business and revenue. 
 
 The Erie Canal was not constructed merely for the 
 purpose of piling up money in the Treasur)^, l)ut to de- 
 velope the resources of the State, build up our cities and 
 towns, give employment to every branch of industrj^ 
 pursued T)y our citizens, and make the city of New York 
 the great Commercial Emporium of tlu^ Continent, by 
 inviting through it the trade of the West. This it has 
 accomplished, in a most eminent degree. Look around 
 in every section of the State, and see the I'apid gi'owth of 
 our towns, the ready formed ctisli markets, our foreign 
 commerce greatly increased, the improved condition of 
 our farms and agriculture, the numerous manufactures, 
 schools, colleges, churches, and other public buildings, 
 the improved taste in building in town and country, re- 
 sulting from the ability to mdulge it — looking at all 
 these things, who will say that this great avenue of trade 
 has not enriched the people of all New York millions of 
 dollars, and thrust forward the Empire State to a high 
 and commanding position ? 
 
 Yet a great many persons are found, and always will 
 be, of small capacity and contracted views, ever ready 
 to determine important matters, who never take the trou- 
 ble to consult facts to enlighten and form their judgment, 
 whose opinions, when given, only lead to error ; who de- 
 clare, and act accordingly that it is no benefit, l)ut an inju- 
 ry to this State, to have such a volume of western trade 
 flowing through it, filling our markets to the loss of our 
 own producers. Were it possible, after merely consult- 
 ing our own eyes, that this could be true in any respect, 
 
m 
 
 
 46 
 
 their opinions, crude and unsound as they are, would be 
 entitled to tlie consideration of an investigation. But 
 they are not. It is only a waste of time to combat such 
 folly. It merely requires the facts in regard to this mat- 
 ter to be stated, to expose the absurdity of such notions, 
 without the labor of argument. The greater the western 
 trade is, passing through the Erie Canal, the faster the 
 domestic trade of the State increases. The movement of 
 property on the New Yjrk Canals at different periods, 
 is shown by the " Red Book," or Legislative Manual, 
 page 412 and 421. 
 
 ';?!, 
 
47 
 
 >e 
 it 
 h 
 
 .8, 
 
 •n 
 
 le 
 
 .8, 
 
 ^1 
 
 o c i-i o 
 
 r/ CO Ci 00 (>< 
 
 t; -^ 'C CO <N 
 
 « *- » » t^ 
 
 ;r: 1- --^ 'O x» 
 
 C 00 O CO « 
 
 Q'M 'O ^ ni 
 
 ri (Tl CO CO 
 
 a 
 
 ^ '^ -^ 
 
 
 CO "£> 
 
 -3 % 
 
 
 ** *J -H 
 
 H 
 H 
 
 H 
 
 Q 
 
 if, 
 
 
 13 
 
 
 'II 
 
 - <£; 
 
 a -2 
 
 •£> Oi O C'l 
 
 ,/ OJ CO 1— ITO 
 
 C Ol t OD J^ 
 
 r2 ^ CO Ci -f 
 
 t~^ t- r-c O O 
 
 rH lO 00_ » 
 
 r-T 1-4" o-r Ol" 
 
 I i 
 
 O) 
 
 c3 
 
 
 CI 
 
 ^ co" so" 
 
 lO CO o o 
 
 '/ 00 X :o CO 
 
 C CO Oi (M C-l 
 
 r2 »- '^« J' Ci 
 
 r^ CO CO CO Ci 
 
 ■^ >o 00 a 
 
 c3 
 
 o 
 o 
 
 s o o 
 
 3^ ,—1 
 
 
 03 .^i^ rt 2 
 c3 
 
 I-H l-H CO tt 
 
 yj CO :0 OO *t< 
 
 q 1 -^ 00 o|^ o 
 
 r£ r-J «r 'f Ci 
 
 r^ rH CO -t i- 
 
 «> 00 i.'- >o 
 
 
 0^ 
 
 
 C: O '^ r-H 
 
 t« (N 05 >C IQ 
 
 t-l 00 ?o « -^ 
 
 rH i-H (N C^ 
 
 
 (3 +3 
 
 
 <^ 
 
 "1 
 
 s ^ 
 
 go 
 
 o 
 w 
 
 S9 
 
 O) 
 
 
 
 
 «0 CO !■• i-H 
 
 »: -H* (M 1- i>. 
 
 fl U^ l-H CO ■»♦* 
 
 CO (N 
 
 lO 
 
 Tt< CO lO ?o HH 
 
 ^ 
 
 •-H OJ <N >f5 
 
 Q >f5 » I— ( ?0 
 . iM^ 05 "*_ G5_ 
 
 r2 1-^ OO' 00 00 
 
 t-l CO i'- r-i Oi 
 
 CO CO 50 -^ 
 
 lO CO O Ci 
 
 v! 'O 1- -^ lo 
 
 C (>J_ O0_ 00 o 
 jP CO CO cm" 00 
 rl «5 »0 1-H CO 
 (N 00 Xr- 
 
 O 'O 1^ o 
 en CO 05 CO »0 
 a rH lO^ <N '(5_ 
 
 r2 l>r Co" 00 lO" 
 
 t^ <N -^ 00 rH 
 
 r-l i-H 0^ CO 
 
 »; t^ CO j> cj 
 
 5! CO Tf Tj* -rtl 
 
 i5: 00 00 00 00 
 
 ?H f-i pH M I— I 
 
 0) ^ fS 
 
 03 ^ -H ^ 
 
 ^ <D S .^ 
 ^ ^ ^^ 
 
 ^o be o^ S^ 
 
 03 
 
 • 1— 1 
 
 1 
 
 k. 
 
 :2 
 
 t: 
 
 •+= 
 
 (D 
 
 S 
 
 §^ 
 
 pq 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 -M 
 
 O 'X' 
 
 
 i^^ 
 
 o 
 
 05 «3 S< «8 
 
 •S Q :S gS 
 ^ 2 ?? 
 
 S ^ 3 
 
 no ' 
 
 O 
 
 CO "3 
 
 • r-l il) 
 
 ,/-^ fK 
 
 •Th CO 
 
 I o 
 
 •-:a 
 
 _=i ri 
 
 .a ^ 
 
 OP 
 
 a 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 +3 
 
 a 
 
 02 
 
 O 
 
 F3 qj 53 S 
 
 
 I- O 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 • l-H 
 
 rH 
 
 o 
 
 a? 
 
 03 .._ 
 
 »^ 03 
 
 O 
 
 o 
 
 • I— I 
 
 -t-J 
 
 p 
 
 O 
 
 PS 
 
 • I— ( 
 
 I a 
 
 ;h 
 
 
 a ^' 
 
 '■a 
 ^ o 
 
 ' co" oo 
 
 lO T— ( 
 
 , e^ .9 
 
 03^ 8 
 
 a o 
 o a 
 
 
48 
 
 inent in i)r()i)Oi'ty, if cliJU'^aul at former ratcH of toll, to 
 have produced a nivenuc of $.'^,1)32,284 ; being .'S^:U)(),000 
 more than wjis ev(M' reeeived before — even in 1847, when 
 starving Euroi)e called for every eatable thing we had to 
 B])are. Is it not e\ident, from these ascertained facts, 
 that much pi'operty, lieretoforc proiii])ite(l fi'om seeking 
 a market, hjis been made an extensive matter of trade, 
 merely by cheapening the cost of moving it? And Inis 
 not the great public Ix^en relieved from an uncalled for 
 tax u})on their Ld)or and i)roduct ions, of little short of 
 700,000 dollars, and yet the revenue has been increased ? 
 
 It has been objected in some quai'ters that I give too 
 much' importance to reduction of tolls, or cheapening 
 transportation, in increasing our canal trade ; and tliat I 
 do not sufficiently take into account the great growth of 
 the country and its l)usiness to l)e done. This is not so. 
 It matters not how much the western country may mul- 
 tiply in population, or increase its business, if this State, 
 by high and unnecessary charges for using her Canals, 
 prevents their property from passing on them. If it is 
 driven to seek other and cheaper I'outes — and in every 
 direction efforts are making to secure it — what benefit is 
 the increase of western business to us ? It is plain, there- 
 fore, that the primary cause of the great increase of our 
 Canal trade is the clieaper rate at which it can be done. 
 There is sound wisdom in such a course, not only as re- 
 gards the best interests of the people of this State, but 
 justice to the citizens of other States, whose business it is 
 our wish and interest to secure. 
 
 The Erie Canal, in connection with the Lakes, is na- 
 tional in its benefits and influence, although only a State 
 work. The authorities of this State alone can manasre 
 and do what is necessary to promote the public welfare 
 
49 
 
 IS 
 
 \e- 
 ir 
 le. 
 
 \e- 
 it 
 
 lis 
 
 la- 
 
 te 
 
 in this particular. Constructed by New York to devel- 
 ope the resources of the State and to invite the trade of 
 the West through it, for the advancement of her own 
 pai-ticular interests, and having been selected by the 
 West as the principal channel for doing their great and 
 growing business, it loses in a certain degree its simple 
 character of a State work, and becomes a National neces- 
 sity, and other States than New York have a deep inter- 
 est in it and its management No one act this State can 
 do will so much benefit herself and other States as great 
 liberality in allowing their property to pass through her 
 Canals at reasonable rates of toll. 
 
 The use of this great woi-k, constructed to invite their 
 use of it for the benefit of this State, and being their 
 only water communication to the ocean, except through a 
 foreign country, it has become so indispensably necessary 
 to so many States, if arbitrary and severe charges, whol- 
 ly uncalled for, are imposed upon their property for 
 using it, the question of right of way may at some future 
 day arise, to trouble all parties. No difficulty need ever 
 be apprehended on this point, if New York pui-sues a 
 liberal and enlightened policy. 
 
 The West are furaisliing largely ti^e business from 
 which the means are derived for constructing it, and hav- 
 ing done so, is it not the best policy, saying nothing about 
 the justice of the thing, to allow them and our own citi- 
 zens, the use of it at the cheapest rate, having a due re- 
 gard to secure revenue to finish its completion, as well as 
 the other works dependent upon it ; paying its own 
 charges for repairs and superintendence ; the obligations 
 of the State for constructing it, and after doing all this, 
 leave a large amount of money for State purposes. All 
 this can be easily accomplished, by judicious action on 
 
 ,1 
 
 I 
 
50 
 
 -'. --; 
 
 the part of the Canal Board ; for they will Uer tnore tlian 
 aided by the reciprocal good feeling of the West, who 
 ■Will do their great and yearly increaaing buidness upon 
 the Erie Canal. "••' '^-''' '■'■' -'^^ •••■■'- '-^^^-^-"^^i 
 
 Thd coui*se of New York in this matter is plainly and 
 dil^tinctly marked out. Multiply the bn?<ineMfl and in- 
 creane the revenue of the Erie Cauat, by a (•ai'ei\il And 
 discreet revision and reduction of canal tollH— coinplete 
 the enlargement afl soon as possible, that evfiry filcility 
 and inducement may be given to other States who de- 
 sire to do their business through this chatinc^l, and thus 
 secure the i)rofits arising from tile business to durkelVes. 
 ' The great increase in the trade through t^i's channel 
 in 1850, should satisfy those having charge of it, tlie 
 good effect the reduction of tolls has had upon the feel- 
 ings of the Western people, by the greater trade they 
 have given to us, to the benefit of our citizen^ and tlie 
 State Treasury. ' •• •- •^'' -' "'"--••'/ 
 
 A striking and peculiar feature in relation to the Lakes 
 and Erie Canal, which stamps them with a national cha- 
 racter, is this : they and they alone determine the price 
 or cost of the transportation business of the coiintry 
 throughout its broadest extent. They govern and regu- 
 late all other routes and modes of transportation, and fix 
 the price for doing the business. Hence, the lower it is 
 done upon them, the greater and more diffused are the 
 benefits conferred upon the great public. This ability 
 to do so much and general good, at so little cost,' im- 
 poses a high' duty on Congress and the State of l^ew 
 York to perform it. .\ 'T'l* 
 
 A matter of the highest importance, and xvhich shoiild 
 be impressed upon the State Legislature, is the renieth- 
 "brance of the feet, that the only source allowed by tie 
 
>1 
 
 JW 
 
 f 
 
 Constitution, to obtain the means of enlarging tlie Ene 
 Canal, i^ the surplus (after providing largtily rbr othc^r 
 objects) of its own earnings. This surplus is constitu- 
 tionally appropriated to tbe enlargenH^nt of the Eric 
 Canal, and the completion of the Genesee and Black 
 River Canals. All discretionary power of diverting this 
 money to any other purpose is taken away from the 
 Legislature, and their sound judgment and discrtjtion 
 alone is to determine what poi'tion of this Fund shall 
 be allowed to eacb of these works. 
 
 On the fii-st of June, 1855, the Constitution requires 
 400,000 dollars additional to be taken from this surplus, 
 and placed to the credit of tbe Sinking Fund. On that 
 day tbe means constitutionally provided for the three 
 works named will be diminished this amount. Does it 
 not, therefore, behoove the Legislature in the meantime, 
 to set apart annually nearly the whole constitutional 
 sum, the surplus to complete, as far as possible in that 
 time, the enlargement of the Erie Canal, as the surest 
 and quickest mode of obtaining the money to finish the 
 other works, within any reasonable time ? And, in the 
 meanwhile, that the most judicious and liberal course, 
 the most inviting to the trade of other States, should be 
 adopted to increase our business and revenue, and add 
 largely to the surplus, that the great and important ob- 
 jects to which it is constitutionally devoted, may be 
 
 the sooner accomplished. 
 
 J. L. BARTON. 
 Buffalo, January, 1851.