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QUEBEC 
 
 I 
 
 REPORT 
 
 OF THB PROCEEDINGS 
 
 or A 
 
 SUB-COMMITTEE, 
 
 OM TBK SUBJBCT OV 
 
 COMMUTED PENSIONERS. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY ORDER OF THE COMMITTEE 
 OF MANAGEMENT. 
 
 QUEBEC : 
 
 PMMTKD BY THOMAS CART & CO. 
 
 Freenuuons' Holly Buade Street. 
 
 1833. 
 
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 QUEBfiC EMIGRANT SOCIETY. 
 
 REPORT 
 
 ' OF 4 8UB-C0MM'TTEE ON THE SUBJECT OF toMMUthD 
 
 PENSIONERS. 
 
 ' The L>ib Committee appointed by the Committee of Man* 
 ftgament " to collect facts relative to the present sylitem of 
 Sending out pensioners to the Canadas," in order to elicit 
 the results of its operation, so far ns it may have answered' 
 the intentions of the Home Government, havinsr sub- 
 mitted several queries to the Clergy, Merchants and 
 others competent to give correct information on the sub- 
 ject, have received answers from the greater number of 
 those from whom such information was requested^ 
 ivhich answ«}rsHre now submitted by your Sub-Committee. 
 
 It is the prevailing and almoHt exclusive opinion, that 
 the great bulk of the pensioners landed here are but ill 
 adapted to the very arduous undertaking of becoming 
 settlers in a colony situate as this is, with interminable 
 forests and an intense'iy severe winter, where experience 
 iu agricultural pursuits, industrious habits, and a good con<* 
 stitution, are indispensably requisite to succe«s!;« 
 
 If proofs were wanting of the many evils arising from 
 the system, we refer to the great number of pensioners 
 and their families, now paupers in this city, and obtaining 
 alms through the different charitable Institutions. At the 
 Emigrant Suciety'so(lice,it is a fact that two-thirds of those 
 now obtaining relief have been pensioners, although 
 the number arrived last season, as compared with that of 
 the general immigration for^the same period, is only in 
 the proportion of one to seven, the latter being over 
 42,000 and the former over 600O. The positive fact of 
 their distressed condition, and tiieir general ineligibility 
 to become farmers in Canada is largely confirmed by the 
 answers submitted from the clergy and others. Your 
 Committee particularly solicit attention to the observa- 
 tions of the Venerable the Archdeacon, who has en- 
 tered fully into the subject, his situation having afford- 
 ed him ample opportunity of observing their imprudent 
 habits, and the consequent misery entailed on them> 
 
 1% 
 
feWea and families. Tiieie are eonflrmed alio by tb« 
 obfiervations orttie Rev. Mr. McMabon. 
 
 Independent of the radical evil — the general unfitnen 
 of the pensioners for the urdnous duty of settlement — tho 
 system is of Itself defective, and opposes >sany obstacles to 
 the success of the undertaking. Of these your Committee 
 will refer to a few of the most prominent. Great delay fre- 
 
 auently arises after the pensioner receives his emigra* 
 on order or warrant, while waiting the portion of the 
 commuted allowance to enable him to embark | during 
 wbioh period be becomes the dupe of designing persons 
 inlthe various seaports — much expense is incurred, and 
 it frequently happens that the allowance to be paid on this 
 side of the water becomes Involved by such delays $ be- 
 sides which constant detention arises from ihe irregularity 
 in the sailing of ships. Indeed it rarely occurs that pen- 
 sioners do not arrive here largely in debt to the masters 
 of the vessels, who invariably attend with them at the 
 Commissariat Office here in order to receive the money 
 duot a large proportion of which is generally for ordent 
 spirits supplied during the voyage,. Thus it frequently 
 happens that the bulk of the pensioners have but a 
 small sum to receive on arrival in Quebec* which in 
 most instances is hardly sufficient to convey them 
 and their families to their locotions. How then are 
 they to cultivate the soil, and subsist for at least 12 months 
 previous to its yielding the fruits of industry ? 
 Of Ihe few who have gone on lands many have returned 
 to this city in a slate of destitution, ond a large proportion 
 oIho of the invalids in the hospital is comp>i8f>d of these un- 
 fortunate people. Another notorious evil of frequent recur- 
 rence, is Ihe arrival of pensioners long previous to the re- 
 ceipt of ihecertificate of commutation by the CommisHoriat 
 Department, from which cause they are detnined in Que*- 
 bee, until their expected allowance becomes involved 
 in debts contracted in some of the innumerable low ta- 
 verns which infest this city. Mony in despair return 
 home, others lose the opportunity of proceeding to their 
 lands— winter overtakes them, nnd they but too frequent- 
 ly fall a prey to disease and despair. These and various 
 other abuses have, we are informed, already been repre- 
 sented by the Commissary General. 
 
 Your Sub-Committee beg leave io refer io Captain 
 Sewell's letter, which contains many remarks worthy of 
 oonsideration. 
 
 Your Sub>Committee have to remark with reference to 
 thfe observations of the Hon. W. FeltoD,which difff r from all 
 tke other* as to the general eligibility of the pensioners to 
 become settlers, that that gentleman is singular in his opi* 
 niDHf and that no facts are adduced In corroboration of bis 
 
by tb« 
 
 ■tatoment. Mr. Feltoa ttuteA Ihaf 1179 pentlnners ha?» 
 made application fnr lands — tlie real question howeTer of 
 '* H6w many pensioners bave aotuaily settled oo those 
 lands V remains unanawereil. 
 
 Your Sub-CommiUea have ^urtber to observe that the de* 
 moralizing effects of tbUsystem aretlaily manirestlng them- 
 ■elves not only in this city but throughout those parts of the 
 country where oonunuted pensioners have been locatedi 
 and we cannot but view its continuance as a serious evili 
 and a lource of much anxiety to this community. 
 
 JAMES HAMILTON, 
 Cbairmafk Sub^ Ceeo. 
 
 :>-- - I- ■ ''^ - ■ ■•■ '■ ■ UO. 1. ...-■•> 
 
 The dub-Committee appointed by the Emigrant Com- 
 dilttee, ** to collect facts relative to the present ayatem <rf 
 i*nding OUtPensioners to tbisColony ,*' subimt the following 
 
 Suerles, and respectfblly solicit your answers thereto. Bty 
 eilre of tbe Committee. ' '^: ^ '•* 
 
 JAMES HAMILTON, rbalrmart, 
 
 Quebec, 18th Jany. 1833. 
 
 I ■.»: 
 
 Sub- Committee. 
 
 ' 1st— Are yOU acquainted with any facts connedled with 
 the pensioners ient out to the Canadai under the oommu^ 
 tatlon system ? 
 
 2d— Can yon state how many are now receiving ^Iam 
 through yottr Church, and if distress exists to a i;reat ex- 
 tent among this class of Emigranib ? 
 
 3d— Do the pensioners genera'ly proceed to occapy 
 lands on receiving the amount of their commuted allew« 
 afiee from the Commissartat Department f 
 
 4th— Please to state your opinion generally, as regards' 
 the present system — do you deem i* inexpedient— If so, 
 does it arise from phyeical diaability, or what otlier cause! 
 
 To the Venerable the Archdeacon of Quebec. 
 
 ANsweas. 
 
 1.— t have had occasion, holding the charge of this 
 Parish, to become intimately acquainted with the many 
 disastrous effects of the system as it respects the pensionera 
 and their families, and the great embarrassments conse- 
 quent upon it, in the administration of funds tor the relief 
 of the poor. 
 
 8. — 1 cannot at this moment state the number of com- 
 muted pienMoners who have become burthensoine to the. 
 charity dbpenaed at the Vestry t nor would it be by any 
 meaAa eaay to 4o ao, be^Kutie several of the jffot'emjin- wn^ 
 
h«r« lber« atlendtd in th«ir rotation of duly, htr* proba- 
 bly omitted when applicant! of this description have pre- 
 sented thenwelvet, to enter this particular circumstance in 
 the Book :T—lf they are In health, moreover, they and 
 their families are not considered subjects for relief, accord- 
 ing to the tulet of the Vestry, but the ur^^ency of their 
 wanti has often been admitted as a dispensation from a 
 rigid observance of rule. Having been on duty last week 
 myself, I caused it to be noted whenever tha api^llcants 
 were commuted pensioners, or members of their families, 
 and the propor<toii of such applicant! for that time, I cauy 
 in a day or two, state If required. 
 
 As to the more general enquiry with wkSch the question 
 is closed, I can only say that it Is notorious that the streets 
 ■tvarm with beggars of the most wretched description in 
 the shape of commuted pensioners and (heir families ; and 
 that the suflTeringa which many of (hem have undergone 
 in the rigours of a Canadian Winter, have been such as 
 frequently to obliterate the recollection of the imprudencea 
 which have brought them on, as well as to disarm a feel- 
 ing which very generally prevails, that tbey are an odious, 
 and, in a manner, au unfair burthon imposed upon the 
 charity of the city. 
 
 The Military Committee who administer to Soldier's 
 widows and others having a claim upon the compassion of 
 the Arnjy, the collections made in Church among the 
 troops, have done what they could for these unfortunate 
 objects ; but they found them multiply so fast upon their 
 hands, that fearing they woi|ld swallow up the fund, they 
 established a rule to relieve no comimUed penMumers, from 
 which, however, they are induced occasionally to depart, 
 upon the same grounds which have influenced the Vetitry, 
 as stated above. 
 
 S. — I presume that an exact return may be procured 
 from the proper oflices, of the pensioners who have ac- 
 tually settled upon their land. I can only speak from 
 the vast numbers who do not attempt to establish (hem- 
 ■elveaupon their land ; and the many who make a begin- 
 ning, and abandon it to beg in Quebec. The actual set- 
 tlers do not fall under my observation ; but from my too 
 painful observation of the others, I should jndge them to 
 be only few indeed ; and I believe that a great deal of the 
 land has got into the hands of the land-jobbers. (This, 
 however, I do not say from any precise and positive 
 informadon.) 
 
 I have been informed at the Commissariat Office, that 
 between £5OJ0W) and j^60,000 has been there paid out 
 during the last summer to pensioners alone ; I have also 
 learnt at the Commissariat, that a printed address to these 
 pensioners which was drawn up by one of the Church 
 
 
 I 
 
1 
 
 i 
 
 
 Wardtfiu of thtt parish, exhorting them to lodge their 
 money in the Savings Bank, was quite without effeot.— 
 Copies were put into their hands when they receited their 
 money, with an oflfer to send a person to conduct them to 
 the Bank, but there was hardly an Instance In which they 
 vrould listen to the proposal ; and I believe that by farther 
 the greater proportion of the persons who received thla 
 money are now Ir a state of beggary. I( Is truly melancho- 
 ly to reflect how large a proportion of the money Itself haa 
 been spent in public houses. 
 
 4.— My opiniour generally, as it regards the present sys- 
 tem, may sufficiently be gathered from my answers to tUe 
 foregoing questions. I certainly regard the experiment as 
 a complete and utter failure— more than a failnre, It has 
 brought ruin and misery upon the unfortunate subjects 
 whom It was Intended to benefit. In very many iostancee 
 it has brought them to death. 
 
 As to the cause of the failure, I do not think It is to be 
 found generally in ** physical disability :'* but in the im- 
 provident habits of tne pensioners, and their unfllneis, 
 generally speaking, (for of course there are exceptions) 
 for the routine of clearing and cultivating land. Men 
 who have led a wandering military life, — heretofore un- 
 accustomed to steady labour and not dependent npon It for 
 their support, — acting, in many respects. In mechanical 
 obedience to martial discipline,— when they are made the 
 masters of a large sum of money at once, and their own 
 masters at the same time, and when they are herding 
 together with old comrades, among whom habits of intem- 
 perance more or less prevail, — such men so circumstanced, 
 with the temptation on one side, of the multitudes of publio 
 houses which this city exhiblt»,and the cheapness of rum,and 
 the uninviting task, on the other, of going into the depths 
 of the forest, to hew down trees for their habitation and 
 their clearing, with half a year's winter to contend with,— > 
 are not calculated to make good settlers in Canada. I 
 have spoken with great freedom of the effect of measures 
 
 Elanned by greater and wiser persons than myself; but 
 uman sagacity could not foresep all the pc.uUar local 
 difficulties which would impede the prosperous operation of 
 the experiment ; and, in my humble judgment it could 
 only succesufuUy be tried, in the case of picked men, of 
 known and tried steadiness of character, combined with 
 physical activity and strength. 
 
 I could support the foregoing observations by a muUUude 
 of examples, but 1 will only adduce one case, which is that 
 of an old pensioner, labouring under hernia, who by hit 
 own confession had £100 at his disposal in 1831 when he 
 came to this conntry. Before the winter set in a very 
 great part of it was expended in public honses. Upon the 
 
tmtf mffftt^ of iH«tov, !»• Iiad to oiMb fM^tlioiifffil, tt 
 to Itv In « ttook of wood ond lonio pf ovliioit for the wlot«r*« 
 «M| ID hit lodgln* at Quoboo, (for he had never made any 
 Ah«iDpt upon nit land.) Bat the fbrce of hit eld habltt waa 
 Moh, that he aettMlly told again what he had that provided 
 to meet the mott eaefbl neeettltlet of nature* to convert It 
 Iwto ¥hit meana of dettrnetlve Indelgenee, and that very 
 winter* himtelf and hit wife beetma beggaroio the ttrettti 
 Id i«ve thcmoeHet from freeting and ttarvatlon. Tbef 
 are now pentlonert npon the poor>fund ef the Clraroli«--> 
 BIgBed en behiAf and l^ the detire ef the teleet Veatry* 
 
 0. ^. MOVMTAIK, 0. D. 
 Reeter of Qneb«i» Cha&rmaa. 
 
 Thf Brig Ruebal from Ufftb arrived en Sunday latt, 
 baving on board 74 tetllert, among whom were a number 
 ef old toMlera who have taken a ee«nmut«d allewanat in- 
 atftd of tbtir pentUntf Tb« latt payment they repelved 
 •t Qiiebee wbHe the vettel w«t Iberp* and a great porlioB 
 mutt have ba#n tquanderedt at th#y hav* tinea been In ^ 
 alate of lotPjiiottipn. A Mrt. M'Pherton died on Monday, 
 baving dranb ieo freely t}»e day befere. One ef them re« 
 eelvAd £l.f at (he Ordiaaoee Office latt week, and waa 
 •robbed en bit way home* wbeyi in a ttate of InteMoatloa. 
 The «est day he eaUe 4 at tb# effice ia knew if he ba4 
 baan yaldi aabe^euld not reopileet where iMspreavred 
 the BBoney baapeni tbf day |»efare.-*rAf(MMvtal tftraU, Ot$» 
 20,1819. 
 
 ■HW 
 
 ft baving eoma witbin (be peraenal knewledge of the 
 aulheroftbWiaddreta,tbat (he greater part of tiM Pen* 
 tlonero wbe received their commated alloweace latt year, 
 lor want of • careful appllention ef (heir money ,b»ve conM 
 to povertv, and many to a prematuve death ; ieaving tbele 
 wivet and children dettitute ; thU tamt hne btm rt6iid« 
 that othera have tquandered it by liviag in idlenett 4iU all 
 waa gone I and that too oaany faiave aetnaily epent it in 
 tnteoapertiiee, and have been out off at well by etl^r dit* 
 eatet oonteqaaal upon tbit letal induigence, at, i« parti- 
 cular that awful tcourge, theCbelera Morbus* (he dreadf«i 
 eflEbetaef all whiob are to he teen daily in tKettreett,.in 
 the utter dettitution «f (heir widewt and orphans, who 
 form a l^ge perlien of the preteii4 poor of thtt eity. 
 
 To Warn you from the tame dandier it the oli|ecl of (bie 
 addrew t at aeon at you receive your money plaim i4 ia tba 
 •aviagi Bank, wbicli It fyen every Totaday balm^iBii tlia 
 
h««f> of •!•«•• Mid Ivo, by dolnir tbit you will mvolil 4b« 
 rUk of b«ln|r robbMl and otbtrwite eh«at»d, tnd |Mrltcu^ 
 l«rly of b«lnff oontUntly UinpUd to v^od it In « usolft* 
 mannori you can draw it out any Tuosdwy in wh«ievtr 
 •nmo you may think proper, and intorott will bo allot%ed 
 fbr tho balanco roaalning io tho Bfink. 
 
 If you intond toMttloon land, (which I would rocon^ 
 mond yoa atronoly to do,) go to It imoiedlatoly, taking with 
 you only a imall aum for proaont ute, loavlng tbo r«M i» 
 tho Bank.till you loaro by exporirnca how to lay It out to tbo 
 boat adfanlago for your fblufo aupport i ifyou romala bono, 
 (which abould bo Of oldod M much aa poMlblo),atok om* 
 ploymont, drawing out only a ■mall aum woekly, till you 
 obtain an incomo by your Industry. Yon should boar Ip 
 mind that thia it your last rosource, and if you ahould bo 
 
 00 unwiao as to apond K uoprofitabiy, It will loavo you i« 
 a distrossod stato of body and mind, and will ha? o provod 
 •n ovil inatoad of a bloasiog. 
 
 Quoboc, July, 1832. 
 
 '■ No. 1, 
 
 4n»iper$ ^thi HonBlt, W, B, Pelion, 
 
 Quebec, 22d ^an. 1833. 
 
 tiRio'In aniwer to your rcqucft, inade at tho imtnnce of 
 the Sub-Committee of me Emigrant Society, for information 
 on the subjeet of lite Commuted Pensioneri, I have great 
 pleasure in forwarding you the follomng reman'ks* 
 
 Question. — 1 From your aituafion you are no doubt 
 largely acquainted wirh the present state of the Commuted 
 Pcfisioaf rs wbo k^ve arrived m this Colony. 
 
 Rcmarks.-*My knowledge of the atate of the Commuted 
 Pensioners, wbo have arrired in the Colony, is coofinei to 
 those who have applied for and taken up land in the Town* 
 ships or Crown Lands under the charge of my department.^ 
 
 1 know nothing more thaii the Public at large of tbe general 
 condition or circumstances of those wbo have not settled 
 upon land* fs before described. , 
 
 8. Pray bow many have arrired in Quebee and what 
 proportion bavc proceeded to settlement ; and can you form 
 opy idea of the relative numbers who have gone to Upper 
 Caoada,and thope who hare remained in the Lower Province f 
 
 Remarks.— As the Pensioners do tMtmmiM tbemseive« ^l 
 the Land Office upon their arriva)||^P||ii they detlre to 
 reiiiaio in this Province, I have no m^^ii^dfascOrtaining the 
 pombers of arriviils'-but the Comniiisary General can doubt* 
 less furnish the Committee with full information on th|s 
 subject. In respect to the nnmber who have proceeded to 
 f ettiefnent^ I can furnish precise informatiop. — Vp to tbe 
 preeciudfy there b^vebeen 1,179 applicationi for Uad, «ooie 
 
 !i| 
 
10 
 
 m 
 
 i 
 
 entkled to one hnndred acrei and others to 200 each. 
 Thh number deducted from the total arrivals will probably 
 exhibit pretty accurately the numbers of pensioners proceed- 
 ing to the Uppci Province. 
 
 5. Do the Pensioners generally proceed immediately on 
 Arrival to occupy lands, and do you consider them eligible 
 settlers f 
 
 Remarks.— When the Pensioners apply at my office for the 
 order on the Agents for land, they generally profess the most 
 earnest desire to proceed immediately, and every facility is 
 given to them for that purpose. I have no doubt however, 
 that many of them have been tempted to lose much of their 
 time in Quebec by the allurement of designing persons who 
 wish to extract their ready money from them ; and that some 
 are induced to remain in reliance of the relief which the 
 injudicious charity of well meaning people holds out to 
 them. 
 
 4. Does distress prevail among theni to any extent, and 
 from what cause does it arise ? 
 
 Remarks.— I am not aware of the existence of any distress 
 amongst those of the Pensioners who have actually settled 
 upon land, though of course many privations must be endured 
 by new comers* ignorant of the precautions necessary to be 
 taken to ensure their comfort in the woods— as to those who 
 may remain in town, I know nothing more than from public 
 rumour : but I am disposed to attribute much of the cla- 
 mour about distress, to circumstances which effect the Pen- 
 sioners in common with, and in no greater degree than other 
 emigraots, who are induced by the high wages of the sum- 
 mer months, and the expectation of the succour of the 
 charitable institutions in winter, to linger about the great 
 (owns instead of pushing into the townships, where constant 
 employment for men, women and children would have been 
 ensured them. 
 
 5. What is your opinion generally of the system ? Does 
 It work well ? Is it susceptible of amelioration, or do you 
 deem it inexpedient ? 
 
 Remarks. — I am notaWare of the existence of any systenV-^ 
 atized proceediofts respecting the Commuted Pensioners, and 
 therefore can give no opinion about it, neither can I say 
 whether it works at all. But in respect to ameliorating the 
 condition of these people, I can &ay decidedly that if those 
 who undertake to advise or direct them, would insist on their 
 proceeding to ttie interior liefore their funds are exhausted, or 
 would assist them to do lo when they become destitute, there 
 cannot be any doubt as tp their becotuing usefql settlers, or at 
 least able to support themselves by their labour. It is not 
 sufficient for this purpose that they should be merely shipped 
 Qu board a Steamboat and transferr^td t^ ^5--ntreal, but meat 
 surss should be adopted to convey thetu to such parts of the 
 
11 
 
 Frorlnee M may be in want of working liandf. If the qm:e- 
 tion of expediency be roeaot id refereoce to the fad of Coau 
 mirted Penmnera coming to tMs Colottji in preference to ano* 
 tber, I muft reply, that it would be a very difficult tailc to 
 prove that tbe introduction of twelve hundred families with 
 a capital of i^40,000 or j£50,000 is inexpedient. Some 
 allgbt inconvenience migbt be felt for a few months at the 
 port of dis-embarication by tbe wealthy and oharitably dltpo- 
 ied, but even this is attributable to the fact of those who 
 become objects of charity having expended their Ainda in the 
 City itself. Whenever this population and capital shall have 
 spread itself over the remoter parts of the Province, and the 
 alarms of the charitable in town shall have subsided, we shall 
 be surprised that any doubt could have been entertained as to 
 the expediency of this immigration. 
 
 6. Has it any tecdency to lower the value of lands, and frooi 
 what cause ? 
 
 Remarks. — ^The immediate lo^al effect of granting abundred 
 thousand acres of land gratuitously, must have a tendency to 
 reduce the money value of the adjoining lauds ; bat this is 
 an evil temporary in its nature, and not ityurioui to the Pen- 
 sioner, altho' it may be inconvenient to tbe proprietor of wild 
 lands who Is desirous of selling them immediately. 
 
 I have the honor to be, dear Sir, 
 
 Your most obdt. hble. servt. 
 WILLIAM B. FBLTON, 
 
 To J. Hamilton, Esq. 
 
 Chairman Sub- Committee, 
 Emigrant Society. 
 
 No. S. 
 
 ' Answers of Copt. SeweUt Me A9thRegt, 
 
 Sir— In answer to yoor letter of the 12th Jany. 1833, 1 have 
 to state that many pensioners have, during tbe last summer, 
 arrived at this port, having commuted their pendons for four 
 years' pay, intending to locate on lands granted them by the 
 Crown as part of such commhtation. 
 
 For 18 years of my life 1 bad the honoor of serving in His 
 Majesty's army, during which time unde ' the command of 
 the iliostious Duke of York, whose memory is dear to every 
 British soldier, 1 observed an anxiety pervading the highest 
 military authorities, well emulated by all subordinate ranks 
 for the comfort; of the private during the period of bis active 
 service, which was only to be equalled by the gratitude of ^ bia 
 country, evinced by a liberal penaion granted on the termina- 
 tion of service. 
 
 Thus the Royal Duke, by this system of justice, elevated 
 . the army to an apex of glory that secured, after an ardooqs 
 
I 
 
 i t 
 
 il i 
 
 11 
 
 .1 
 
 ■«id bfllltent •tmfglf tbt Wf*ilBg» df mn Mpr»Mf fmm, 
 •ad the idiairAMMi of Europe. 
 
 . With (bis experienc* of t|i9 kipdQMa pf il»o BrHUb f». 
 rernmeot, «nd the racoUectioos of its arvy*! renoiirn, I ciiddqC 
 for a iDoacDt ^uettioB th« kindneu of the inteotion of H^ 
 Mii|r»ty't Mi^Mffrs towards the deitituto iod improvideot 
 pooMODtra who are Among vs, aod who are an Additional and 
 hearireading burtbeo to the many pauper emigriuits a$ thie 
 momtDl dqpendifg on the charitable (>otinty 9I onr fellowr 
 citlMB^f |o abfltcr them from the double raiiery of attp- 
 ▼atioo and coldf 
 
 The peptioBprty on their diMnbtrking m Q«>>b«9, bavf, 
 with very few eicepttoos, abandoned tbemtelvea to the moH 
 deplorable debautbery and diagntting erioesa, wbtch wM only 
 terminated by tbeir eibau»ted pittanee , leaving Ib^n loathed 
 by* and degraded in the eatimaiion of tbeir ff llow men, i9 • 
 depregsed state of miud and body to reflect on tbeir irremedi*- 
 -ble indigenco among strangers, in ft country where no p9bHe 
 profi^B for the poor is y^t made, tbpugb Hi winter miikop 
 destitution a horror thi|t cannct b^ ftithfully conveyed or 
 Imagined. 
 
 Under these circumttancea I feol it to be my dgiy tp ^ndcpi^ 
 ▼our by every meant in my power to asaist tbP £migr«M«)P 
 Society in tbeir laudable intention of laying before the antbo- 
 tiea of the Home (Qovernment 9uch representations, founded 
 on faets, as muit tend to indnce it to adopt such plans asit may 
 in its wisdom think fit, to avert so painful n recurrence as that 
 which we now witness in the miserable wretchedness of 
 persons whose condition of life its beneficent Government 
 intended to improve. 
 
 Experience has demonstrated that old soldiers, left to them- 
 lelves are altogether unsuited, from previous habits of life, to 
 undergo the privalionsand labour pecuKav to a ntw country, 
 j^niefroai loss of limbs, otbera from old age and general 
 debility, are iff pfl^red particularly incompetent to thearduoua 
 .'and iievjer eeasipi^ activity of an Ameriean backwoodsmanr, 
 who with ypuib, health, and experlepce, enters the wildernesa 
 to tame its forest wildness to pastoral scenes, aqd convert ita 
 want to plenty. 
 
 Yet from their experience of system and trained habits of 
 nailitary obedience, I entertain a hope that tbe concurrence 
 of the penfioners may be obtained to a plan, organized aod 
 sanctioned by Government, carried on under the soperinten . 
 dance of half pay officers, which might render the present 
 system of commuting pensions not only an advantage to Great 
 Britain, as a mea<iure of justifiable economyt but would also 
 make the measure one of unquestionable benefit to the peti« 
 aipper and his family. 
 
 if aPy^yidispce were wanting of the liberal spirit in which 
 the pensioners w«re' induced to emigrate to Canada, tife 
 
IS 
 
 dHMeMy #oaM be made op bf tbii ftrel, tbat vier/ laitHr 
 pensiooert, whose lires were not worth fottr yeen' ptircb)|ie, 
 received four years of their peniion. 
 
 By the foregoipg observations I have endeatronred to (on- 
 vey my cooviction of the beoevolent intention of the Govern- 
 ment, bare evinced my belief of the failure of sttch inteotipii| 
 eriginatiog, it 'must be adcnowledged, in circnmstanees it was 
 difficult to anticipate, i|qd I have also ventured to express 
 my thongbts on thepr9bability of Government's being able \o 
 remedy the present evil. 
 
 1 take it for granted that every one must agree witb ipe y 
 to the kind intentions of the Government, and it now be- 
 comes necessary to explain why I think its goodness ffus* 
 tfited. 
 
 It is a matter of pubiip notoriety throogbont the Province, 
 that of the 1700 pensioners who entered it thi$ year, noqf 
 have gone to their lands with sufficient funds, ^calcn, and 
 experience to easure the success of their labours, and it is 
 equally true that those few men who have taken pofsessioo of 
 their laqd^ have been unable to remain on them, apd are at the 
 present moment as destitute as the rest. 
 
 Before I enter on tlie subject of the system to be adopted, 
 I ipost observe I.am perfectly aware of the ardupus snbject I 
 should undertake, and how n^ncb out dfplnce it wpold be in a 
 letter of this kind to enter into a minute detail of a military 
 system of colonization. I will therefore but succinctly state^ 
 that under the present regulation no iidvuntage can accrae to 
 tne colony or military settler, bnt that in myopinion,they may 
 dome witb a reciprocal advantage to themselves and Canada 
 if sent out and settled nnder military Government : Observing 
 the foUowlog mles and re|ol9tioo8 fis tb^ out lines of the 
 pUn:— 
 
 1st.— >The pensioner not to receive money, but a^ aecoogt 
 op^9e4 fpr bios, in which he should rei^fire credit for f9ur 
 ye^9* p/^miop^ an^ b/s debited with sjacb mopipi ae Vfy H^ 
 ef pepded for km pndisr the foll/swipg bc^ds v-rr- 
 
 bnil4ing log but, dearipg and feociog4 acres* 
 
 Horticultural tools, saw ai^d axe, 
 
 ^asjMge anid provision! tP America. 
 
 Provisions for first year. 
 
 Cooking fitepsflf,. 
 
 Slop (;lptb|ng on embarking, and winter clothing. 
 
 Hoape fpr jthe advantage of the common stock farm. 
 
 To be sent out in transports under th^ Command of ,the 
 Directors, in divisions of 500 men, eacn to be a separate 
 command, under the superintendance of one Director, four 
 Inspectors and four Deputy Inspectors, to be chosen from 
 officers on half pay, with due regard to their agricultnral judg- 
 meat and habits, and who shall be at all times present at the 
 
14 
 
 M ! 
 
 I ! 
 
 MttkmMtJbr the two first yean, odIms abient on duty con- 
 cected with the interest of the settlement. 
 
 The military settlement should he separate and distinct from 
 all others. 
 
 Each settlement should be entirely of one faith, so that a 
 greater facility maybe afforded to the Bishops of the Estab- 
 lished churches in Canada in jrantiog the settlement cburchea 
 «od apiritual pastors. 
 
 F^m the mass of pensioners. Individuals will be found to be 
 of trades very useful in new settlenaents ; they should be 
 carefully divided in the proportion of their numbers to that of 
 the diviaiooa. 
 
 The aettlement to be under military control for three years 
 and no more. 
 
 The common stock farms «ha11 for three years supply the 
 lettlemeot with all kinds of seed and brood cattle, dbc. &c.— 
 During the three years the produce of the common stock farm 
 ahallbe equally divided among the heads of families, reserving 
 the means of subsisting the brood cattle, to he purchased 
 by the funds of the aettlement. 
 
 At the end of these tliree years the stock farm shall become 
 the property of the various officers, as a reward for their scr- 
 rices in the settlement, and shall be independent of that grant 
 of iand which they shall receive as officers settling in Canada, 
 
 Bach and every penaioner shall give in every year that the 
 produce of the common stock farm is grown up, for the bene* 
 fit of the settlement, days' work. 
 
 Bvery pensioner shall assist in clearing the common stock 
 farm, the principal one, to consist of 500 acres, and the 
 remainder 250 — which shall not exceed four. — The common 
 stock farm ahall support the brood cattle till every settler 
 ahall have received in cattle and seed the amount of his share. 
 
 The pensioner to receive numbers of acres according to the 
 rate of pensions they commute. 
 
 Having in a very imperfect manner expressed my views on 
 the subject of your letter, as Chairman of a Sub-Committee 
 appointed by the Emigrant Society, to make enquiry inco cir- 
 cnmstances connected with Emigrant Pensioners, 1 beg you 
 will ascribe such defects to the mind and not to the heart, for 
 there is no member in society whom 1 could wish to serve be- 
 fore an old soldier, with all bis faults. 
 
 I remain, Sir, faithfully yours. 
 
 J. Hamilton, Esq. Ste, &e. 
 
 J. 8EWELL, 
 Late Capt. 49th Regt. 
 
w 
 
 fS': t 
 
 No. 4. 
 Atuwera qf G. PembertoUf Etq, 
 Sir— The Sub-Committee appointed by the Emigrant 
 Committee to collect facts relative to the present lyatem of 
 •endinff out Pensioners to this Colooy, submit the follow- 
 ing queries, and respectfully solicit your answers to them. 
 
 By order, JAMES HAMILTON, 
 
 Chairman 8. C. 
 Queb)6c, I2tfa Jan. IdSS. 
 
 1st From your situation as a merchant and extensive 
 connexion with shipping, you are doubtless acquainted 
 with many facts regarding the pensioners sent out to this 
 •olony. 
 
 2d. Has it come to your knowledge that numerous pen- 
 sioners who may have arrived in vessels addressed to you, 
 have returned to Great Britain or Ireland after receiving 
 the amount of their commuted aliowance ? 
 
 Sd. Have their papers been sent to you by ship owners 
 or brokers as security for monies advanced to them on the 
 other side ; or are you aware that they very frequently 
 contract debts to a considerable amount with the masters 
 of vessels who hold their commutation papers as pledges 
 for the debts so contracted ? 
 
 4tb. Are you acquainted with any abuses that exist gen- 
 erally as to the manner of sending them out— -please to 
 state at length what they are ? 
 
 6tb. Could the presentsystem be ameliorated and what 
 are your views generally as to its expediency ? 
 
 6th. Do you consider pensioners generally as eligible 
 settlers in the Canadas ? 
 
 To George Pemberten, Esq. 
 
 Jnswera to the foregoing : 
 
 1st. Yes. 
 
 2d. Yes. 
 
 3d. Their papers have been sent to me to obtain pay- 
 ment of money advanced them on the other side of the At- 
 lantic, and they are in almost all cases indebted to the 
 mast3. of the vessel they come out in, for provisions and 
 rum, in which case the masters hold their papers as a 
 security for the payment ot what is due to them. 
 
 4th. I cannot state any particular abuses that eilst gen- 
 erally in the manner of sending them out, further than 
 what ie mentioned in the foregoing, namely, the supply- 
 ing them with rum on board ship in any quantity they 
 require, which of course is an inducement to theirs to 
 spend their money, which ought not to be permitted. 
 
 5th. The habits acquired by pensioners during the time 
 they have been in the army, render them, in my opinion. 
 
 H 
 
 m 
 
ji p 
 
 i' 
 
 I 
 
 ihl 
 
 ji 
 
 I! 
 i 
 
 ii 
 
 f 
 
 Iff 
 
 th« l0Mt«llgibte of all otbArt M Mt(l«r» In a new country, 
 wboro a robust eonttiluUon, Indttitriom habUt, and above 
 ererj tbtnf ^Ise^ lobriety, are ladbpeoMble te feucoett. 
 There are very few indeed ef tboM pentlonert who have 
 flillen ander my obserTalion, who poatetMod any one ef lb* 
 •bete qnaliflcallonai and I haTO noi heard of any InMtnoe 
 where tbey have beeame enccestrul lettlert. 
 6ib. Aniweredintbeforegoinir. 
 
 G. P£MBERTON. 
 
 JkmwtfMqfth$R€f)d*P,M*Mah9ii, 
 
 Sir— The Sub- Committee appointed by the Emigrahf 
 C6mmtttee,td ooileet faeti relative to the present tyitem of 
 MAding out Penitonersto this Colony, eobmit the foltowlng 
 ^iriea, iand ManectfViUy ■olictt yonr answers thereto. 
 By deem of the Committee, 
 
 JAS. HAMILTON, Chairman Sub. Com. 
 Qaebec, 18tb Jannary, I8SS. 
 
 lit. Are yon &ci|naiDted with any fhttts connected With 
 PeaslenerisCftlf oat to the Canadas under the eommutatlon 
 system ? 
 
 Sd. €2an yen state how many are now teeeiiring alms 
 thronifh your ehurch,and if distresb exists to a great et- 
 tent among this class of emigrants ? 
 
 StU Do the Pensioners generally proceed to oecopy 
 lands on reoelrinlt the amount of their commuted allow* 
 ikhee from the Commissariat Department ? 
 
 4th. Please to state your opinioa generally as regarde 
 the present system — do you deem 14 inexpedient-«nd If 
 ■o from what circumstances ? 
 
 To the Rev. P. M*Maheii. 
 
 Answers to the foregoing : 
 
 1st. I am acquainted with a great number of fects re* 
 garding Penslonera and their families f and do declare it 
 as my settled conviction, that they all tend stroagly to 
 prove the inexpediency of the present system ef sending 
 out Pensioners to this country. 
 
 2d. It is my opinion that a great majority of our present 
 street beggars eonsists of pensioners and pensioners* fa* 
 miiies. 
 
 Sd. PenMoners very rarely proceed to occupy lands im« 
 mediately on receipt of tbelr commutation money. It is 
 00 the contrary a faot notorious to this Oity; that they 
 remain in or near town, till they have squandered away 
 all, or nearly all, their money in taverns and other hAnats 
 ef er^inbeiHMaB aftd dissipation. 
 
. t1 
 
 «tb. 1 dbnol hMHAM to f^ptat It «• tbf dllelflM d^ltftt 
 tbiii tbi»;pf09etit tyatem of eforamatatloti and of tending 
 peiliioners (o thii colony, it highly inoxpedient lind iin<* 
 jtttt, a« th0 penidoner !• both phytieally and moridly nfiflt 
 for i^ bew c6antry liko Canada. 
 
 P. M'MAlldN. 
 
 11 I 
 
 RMOlr«i,~That the abofe Report and dooattienti b« 
 received and Adopted, with the thanktof the Committe* 
 to the Clergy ana Gentleman whora anibweri hiive been 
 returned to tb^ queitiont idbmltted to them, on the eabjecf 
 of eomWQted nienilonerc. 
 
 .Riio/Md,— That the ■y«t«ni of allowing penilonera iti 
 commute their pentiont tot a turn of money, and a gi'anf 
 of land. In ordtr to their settlement in Canada, bas not 
 realized all the adttftitnget which were anticipated ; some 
 having returned hotne after receiving their commuted 
 allowance, itt Quebec— others never havlAg tak^n up the 
 certificate of their land^— while many after having takeil 
 if, hav« either not settled thereon, or after short trial hav* 
 abaildoAed their lots, or sold thetitfor a trifle to land 
 Jobbers. 
 
 R«lolt;«df That great distress exists among a large 
 proportion of these commuted pensioners ; and that many 
 are entirely dependent fur eztstenee on the precarious re« 
 sources tit charitable instilUlions. 
 
 JRe9ol\3ed, — That much of this distress arises ont of the 
 present system of sending out pensioners tj this province, 
 who frOm physical disability and intemperate habhs are ah* 
 fitted to form useful settlers. 
 
 lUtoked, — That in justice to the pensionei'il, end to the 
 community at large, it is desirable that means should 
 be adopted to prevent the recurrende of these evils, in 
 future. 
 
 i&?«aA^d— That although muth of the distress under 
 wblb'h Pensioners labour mdst be attributed to their own 
 imprudence, yet under the considerations herein alluded 
 to. It dannot but be matter of deep regret, that men who 
 have exposed their lives in the aervice of their country, 
 should be liable to perish from want, in a distant part of 
 the empire — a fa<^>t which threatens every one of these un- 
 fortunate individuals unless hrs Majesty's Government 
 shouW cause an entire cfhange in tfhe system. 
 
 Jiet4ivid^Thikl kt the hope of obviating Some of the 
 evils complained of, and with an especial view to the fu- 
 ture well dolug of the Pensioners themselves, it is respect- 
 fully recommended : That no PeMioneis be permitied to 
 commute the!^ pensions for the purpOi<t tff 6ittigrAtiog tb 
 
 
IT 
 
 ;i 
 
 i: 
 
 • i ! 
 ■4 1 
 
 ' ! :l 
 
 ;| ; I 
 
 18 
 
 tb« CAiuulat, who ar« not fitted by their age, their pfcj^ 
 •iotl ttreo^h and general good habits to beooae produo- 
 tWe labourer! { and, perhaps e? en it would be advisable 
 that all tucb should undergo an inspection prior to their 
 embarkation, and should produce certificate of character t 
 That a preference should be given in favor of those who 
 besides possessiog the above qualifications of age and cha- 
 
 Eacter, nave bren brought up to farm work, or to those 
 landiorafis which are connected wilh It: — ^That no Pen- 
 doner sbotUd be allowed to commuto bis pension for this 
 purpose, the amount of whose oummutatlon does not bear 
 some reaiooable proportion to the ndmber of his children 
 who are unable to earn their subsistence* That in no case 
 whatever the Pensionet' should embark unaccompanied bj 
 bis certificate, or at a later period than the month of April, 
 or at a greater age than40 years, Unless under special cir- 
 cumstances of good health, &c:— That no payment pf any 
 part of the commutation money be made to the pensioner 
 until arrangements have been made for immediatel 
 embarkation — that the whole payment of what mav be 
 still due to him do not take place in Quebec, or until hfs 
 arrival at his location—and tnat he previously consent to 
 the appropriation of a certain proportion in the purchase 
 of provisions, stock, tools, or materials for building. 
 
 That in all cases the Captains of vessels enter into an 
 eogageinent not to supply the pensioners with spirits or 
 slops, or to detain their papers until payment be made' of 
 any sums of money due to the said Captains by snc^ pen* 
 aioners ; and in order to prevent the necessity of any safe 
 of provisions on board, it should be previously ascertained 
 that each family embarks with an averHge supply. Final- 
 ly, that arrangements be made at Quebec, either by the 
 appointment of a special Agent for pensioners, or in some' 
 other mode, by which their immediate departure to their 
 aettlements may be secured. 
 
 Reaoivedt — ^Tbat an humble Address be presented to His 
 Excellency the Governor in Chief, praying that he will 
 be pleased to transmit the above Report, Documents, and 
 Resolutions, to His Majesty's Ministers. 
 
 JResolred, — That the said Address be presented by the 
 Sub-Committee already appointed on the subject of coni- 
 muted pensioners. 
 
 Reioloedt — That the whole be printed and published for 
 general information t and that copies be forwarded to the 
 three Branches of the Legislature. ^ 
 
 (Certified,) J. CHARLTON FISHER, 
 
 Secretary, Q. E, S< 
 
 Office of the Quebec Emigrant Society, 
 February 15th, 1833. 
 
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