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PARLIAMENT STREET 
 
 TORONTO. \ 
 
 A 1-'AF»ER 
 
 Read hv Mk. D. H. Read, Q. C, for the Rev. Ur. Scadding, at the 
 
 February Meetinc; of the York Pioneer and 
 
 Historical Society, 1893. 
 
 V 
 
 ^\ 
 
 TORONTO: 
 Fhom the "RKroKPKR" or Frbriary K, lHi»3. 
 
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 A F»AF»ER 
 
 Read i;v Mr. 1). 15. Kk.mj, Q. C, for thk Rev. Dr. Scadding, at the 
 
 February .\U:eti\(; of the York 1'ioneer and 
 
 H STORK Ai, Society, 1893. 
 
 All intelligent iiihaliitants of our cities 
 ami towns may Ix- 8uppo$>e(l to tali e peculiar 
 interest in the origin and signilicancb of 
 the names attached to their streets), public 
 8<{uarea, and thoroughfares generally. A 
 great deal of the history of every place ia 
 wrapped up in such names. It has become 
 quite an estal^lished Ciistom of late to com- 
 memorate Mayors, Aldermen, Lieutenant 
 Governors, .Judges, and other citizens uf 
 note by attaching their names to newly 
 laid out streets or avenues?, as i' is now the 
 fashion often lo call them ; and doubtless 
 in this way the existence of many a worthy 
 amongst us will be hereafter preserved. In 
 this point of view it wdl be sten how 
 scrupulous ^e ought to l>e, if we hive any 
 regard for the past, in nut making changes 
 without some very good reason in street 
 names of long standing. The names 
 given to our leadipg thoroughfares in 
 the old original portions of the citv of 
 Toronto in<licate a kiiMl of chival- 
 rous devotion to monarchical institutions 
 and the reigning family for the time being. 
 Thus we have King street and Queen street, 
 Adelaide street (after Queen Adelaide), and 
 Viotori(\ street ; l)Ut Uuke stree'; and 
 Duchess street have also their royal signifi- 
 cance, though now perchance overlooked — 
 the referenoe beint^ to the Duke of Ycrk 
 (in honor of whom the original town ploi 
 was named) and his Duchess, Frederick 
 street at the same time preserving bis 
 ('hristiau name, while the next street west- 
 ward running north and south preserved 
 that of his elder brother, (ieorge, as the next 
 street eastward did that of Caroline, spouse 
 of the latter. The following street east- 
 ward commemorated the other princes of 
 the royal family wi' hout mentioning their 
 names, it being necessary to remark that 
 
 the former orthography was Prliirex street 
 and not " Piincess " street as now usually 
 given. It should be added, too, that the 
 name Caroline street has only quite recent- 
 ly been expunged from the plans of the 
 city, through the coniinuation of the name 
 of Slierl>onrne street from Queen street to 
 the Bay. 
 
 It might be imagined perhaps that the 
 name " Parliament street " attached to the 
 important thoroughfare leading now from 
 the neighborhood of Hloor street to the 
 water's edge, in what used to be considered 
 the eastern limit of the city, had its origin 
 in the same feeling of deep respect for con- 
 stituted authority that had led to the royal 
 titles being given to other great thorough- 
 fares in our midst. It might be supposed 
 that, as in one qftgfe devotion to the monarch- 
 ical principle wlra>tndicated, so in the other 
 there was evidence of a wholesome regard 
 for constitutional government by popular 
 representation ; but this was not the origin 
 of the term " Parliament Street." Long 
 before the cutting up of the eastern portion 
 of the city into town lots, the thoroughfare 
 now know as Parliament Street was noth- 
 ing more than a kind of irregular road pass- 
 ing down from the direction of Hloor street 
 into the Kingston road ; that is to say, into 
 that part of modern King street which is 
 situated one block east of Berkeley street. 
 This irregulai road led down southwards 
 towards the site of the early parliament 
 buihiings of the province, which stood on a 
 block of ground close to the bay, immediate* 
 ly east of Berkeley street. 
 
 Hence, when plans were drawn and lines 
 more formally run, the thoroughfare acquir- 
 ed the style and title of Parliament Street, 
 as a route leading down to the parliament 
 buildings. At the present day when Parlia- 
 
rum'. ^''unMtiBidj openeti out, and made to 
 piLii» m h 4fa«Kt Ui!« arcrosa the Kingston 
 roMi ({far bsc street), down to the 
 VAiiw's aicK» tk* visitor to this part of the 
 cjtT sW !■• the curiosity to puss down 
 likrwt||lk ■» wMle Ient;t h till it touches the 
 B»fn€nammf KcBg St., as aforesaid, and 
 a2M) Fmaas Ss. in hn way. will find himself 
 ly Sihs aie «i tbe ma^^i%'e and somewhat 
 gAMaay ffl» «f taildini^ known as the To- 
 iPMitX) ■«>» ^«r&a. These works, covt-riiig 
 iawwif Ixm hiie vriole ulock hounded on 
 tke bmA 65 Front St., on the east by 
 
 St, on the «oulh by the Huy 
 iti*t w«*c by Berkeley St., ocoiipy 
 li>r fijic- ^c UM anginal parliament buildings 
 «a Cpptir •.'aamta wi:.h their iippitrteiiiince». 
 IteflDe. «» will 'oe well remembered by 
 
 :nac occupied by the old cut 
 temasy pr.aou with ra<iiatiiig wings, 
 iv Mr. J. G. Howard, and wh ch is 
 T»nT i.:^iBTr-»?<! ni the surrounding structure, 
 tLij .. : .— . r. *«>me wav by the authorities 
 <*f i.i* <L<iK:*«kfners' 'iaa Conr»pany. " An ex- 
 vrik'.TemiMrj siroACion tor Parliament build- 
 met '" 'iiit notiem tourist will exclaim, 
 \>u\ «-i*a zdt i">und wa» covered with fine- 
 ly r' '»^ "iin'>«jr tne*pot had a noble aspect. 
 Tt t ■. . .:-* f<u:*d westward and com- 
 BikUtiM-.. ▲ : x^ Ttew of the harbour in that 
 ^iunecnaiai. f he swamps in the rear were 
 ♦i ott : they are daiiilily 
 ily plans as " meadows," 
 '**y9f&*T«j wil»i h.»y.'" *' natural meaiJow 
 wiiem naf^ '■• sowed. " etc. 
 J^mmAt ekAnk.-ter of the early 
 
 italk. 
 
 parlia- 
 here ere^tetl. they seem to 
 ;•. • -Ka«»i of two sepivrate edifices or 
 3 •;; -.^i AS some future time to be 
 ^ .irser central .structnre, of 
 '.•."-J w -u-'i form the winu;s ; but this 
 icriccir^ wa:^ never erected ; in the 
 kvSiObc &sorc of covered way or colon- 
 amae pmrntA trom the one to the other. The 
 baiiiabiVV ■* ^'^ arr.tiiu;»<d. i^^ marked uprn 
 •U pka* iKiii existing of these purls, and 
 
 pictorial sketch of 
 
 an ear y 
 
 this locality In l»ep«init«r. ITTX5. when 
 President Russeii wrfl* *it«iwi» from Nia- 
 gara to York to have iik« ■'•mlr-^Tnn at the 
 latter place made ready j«ir nit* uptnng of 
 the first pariiaiiient riKw. a* Larorms his 
 friend (pro 1 'ably the Hca. Joaa Ml* •ill) that 
 the legislature is 10 lueen k!: VoriK the tirat 
 of the fo, lowing J ui>e., aotiii nn^ricfore that 
 it has become alisoluif-h lituv^Mary to make 
 provision tor the reot^i-Kai oc t;iJe niembj'is 
 of tliat i»o»ly. ■' Yon wj ii miererore," he 
 continues, " L»e pieatttid i>«i *pfnue the in- 
 habiiants of the town luuiiti twenty-tive 
 gentlemen will want 1 ioje-jijc* and board 
 during the sibsk.hs, wtnc ranvt poaail.ly in- 
 'luce them to lit up 1 tit r .a^* and lay in 
 provisions to accoiiiitci^fc.:.* tiheoi. ' He 
 then refers to tnc ofini:!*!: ^la^s of the 
 intended governirem to fucLujimeul lioiise 
 just spokt-n 01, and i<aji> litaiH rhese ai any 
 rate must be got rearty. ""nites one for the 
 Legislative (."oiincil, ii>e o<iiiji« tor the As- 
 sembly." J'he liars, iMiiut*^ .ind other 
 articles ot furnuiire iiiiituiiii tn use at 
 Niagara for legtelaiif^e fnrfi^iie!}. he will 
 direct 10 be Bent ovec ""Hie house ap- 
 propriated for tlie LefiTisiaarvit Council." he 
 adds, "can be oi.'ca.h)uiiM..j« mtevia-t a council 
 chamber. 
 
 These were tiie puWat- faiiiMiiaig 1 destroy- 
 ed by the invaders irtmi li* Uattini States 
 in the year ls!.'{, ae w^ Marmismm the letter 
 of tlie Rev. Dr. Struai»ant tl» ««-Pre8ident 
 Jeflerson piimed :ii iite ityipeiwirx (No. J>. 
 page .SON) to liie repan cc Piie Loyal and 
 I'atriotic Society of L pfMrCaatbia, puhliah- 
 ed at Montreal by Wi iiaii Ci-ray m 1S17. 
 Dr. Slrdchan's wordt- a^it "tut**. — ^' Id April, 
 1S13, the public builauir* *>- York, thecp- 
 iial of Ujiper Canada., whs* barneti by the 
 iroojiS of the United ^lali»'K.;«ntrary to the 
 articles cf capiinlatinu- l"a«y i.-ons'isted of 
 two elecant halie wnii ««a:s«aj»at offices for 
 the accomniotiatioL c>f it* litip^lature and of 
 the Cciirtsof .]iisii"e_ T**ui!i&pary andallthe 
 paper and reccr J*; l»(»l<otf"»^ ro these insti- 
 tutions were coni^umcid. Jfcs SJie ^ame time 
 
/C9 
 
 5 
 
 T 
 
 the char Ji was robbett and the tft vn library 
 tjt«U\- p:llai;e<i." The publiu Iniildings 
 thus «ie»iroy«l were replaced, i twtit tlie 
 year l8lH. oy others more extensive, and of 
 a more :mposiug character, but sit lated on 
 Ihe same spot land nere the pailiainent coii- 
 tiniie<i to (loiii its sessions down to the year 
 lH24,wiien they were again totally destroy- 
 ed, bat this itme not i>y the hand ot an in- 
 vading foe hut by a tiie originating in an 
 over-heated flue. These buildings 1 myself 
 well remember. ba'Mng more that once wit- 
 nesse<i the pa^ei.ntry attendant on theopen- 
 iiigof tJie House by the Lieutenant (ioveriior 
 oi th:rd*y,Sir Peiegrine Maitland, pageantry 
 humbie euooifh no doul)t, but then appear- 
 ing ver\- niagniticent. After 18'24 the I'ar- 
 liameut for many years found a shelter far 
 to the westwint ot its original home at 
 York : lirsi in the buildings of the (Jeiieral 
 Hospital, situated just west of John stieet, 
 nearly whe-e the Arlington Hotel now 
 Btancis : and secondly in the new brick 
 court house Test of Church street, imme<li- 
 ately acr^teS from St. dames' Cathedral. 
 Its permaoeut resting place as then imagin- 
 ed was ID the range of buildings on Suncoe 
 P]ac-e, expressly f"r itsaociimmodation, just 
 south from iiovernment House — the build- 
 ing at this moment in the act of being va- 
 rAted. 
 
 We now return to Parliament street in 
 the east. Tnis gre^t throughfare is not 
 marke<i by that na,iie on tlie earliest plans 
 which we poesess. in Mr. Surveyor General 
 IX \V. Smsth's map (ITJMi) preserveil among 
 his papen in the Public Library, Toronto, 
 tne r«Miie now marked as Parliament street 
 appears as that of an irregular road leading 
 iivirtbwami. It? chief use seems to have 
 l»een to conduct the traveller to Castle 
 Frank, and u is soirewhai laneifully des- 
 ii:nate<i a* "Park lane," after which name 
 *• to Castle Frank " is added. TI.e surveyor 
 genera] possessed a lot of land a little way 
 to the westward whi^h he had laid out as 
 an or< har<i or garden, and on which he had 
 
 erected a rather conspicuous residence 
 named iiy him '* .MaryviUe," of whicli resi- 
 dence there is an elaborate drawing among 
 hi.s papers. On the euHtern bouiidary of his 
 lot he Had erected a " poller's lodge, ' from 
 which a track or rcadway is marked in the 
 dirtction of the route leatling to Castle 
 Frank. In a seccnd plan of his represent- 
 ing these parts, we have another route 
 matke<i out leading oblitjuely i a north- 
 westerly direction Itom the road to Cas'de 
 Frank, an.i this route is curiously marked 
 •' New Road to Niagara." This evidently 
 shows that a track had been oj^ened to- 
 wards the head of Parliament street, 
 as we should now speak of it, to Yonge 
 street, to where the Davenport Road enters 
 ttiat street tromthe west. This Davenport 
 Road was the "new road to Niagara," run- 
 ning along at tne foot of the Davenport Hill 
 or rise ot land, as far as the village ot Carle- 
 ton, where it crosses the roail leading to 
 Weston ami passes on over the Hund)er 
 piaiiis directly to ihe bridge on Dundas 
 street. It is called the new road, in con- 
 tradistinction to the old route to and from 
 Niagara by the lake sliore still travelled, and 
 popularly known as the Lake Shore Road, 
 ciossirg the Humber at its mouth, a mile 
 or so south of the bridge on Dundas street. 
 This memorandum inscribed by Surveyor 
 General Smith on his early plan is interest- 
 ing as enabling us to trace the first opening 
 up of the "-oute along I'arliament strdet 
 wester I}- .o warns Yonge stieet. We must 
 remember that the whole space traversed by 
 this newiy acquired route was then an al- 
 most un)>roken forest in a state of nature. 
 This will account for the somewhat rambl- 
 ing character of the track laid down on the 
 surveyor general's plan, winch by no means 
 coinci.ies with the long straight lines math- 
 ematically drawn from north to south on 
 the plan, indicating the divisions and sub- 
 divis'ions of the large park lots laid out 
 heieabout. 
 
 The name 'Parliament street " evidently 
 
VS^ 
 
 dill not come into general uhc until some 
 years later. In Wilniol'n plan ot the sur- 
 vny of llifHc p. iris, niiide l)y unler of (;f»v«'r- 
 n )r ( iore, in IS 10, the route is hini down hut 
 not nanied. In the pliiiiH U(<ed at the time 
 of the incorporation of the city in 1834 and 
 afterwards, the name Piiriiament street is 
 fully rerotjni/ed, as we can see in Cane's 
 plan and Sandford Fleming's <i few >ear!i 
 later. In the plan which I possess of the 
 < 'astle Frank prctpiTty made l»y Augustus 
 .foiies in l"*!)4, the line of roiid i.r rather ir- 
 reiiulaf track leading from what we now 
 call P.irliaineut atieet eastward mtf) the 
 property at its lower end i« cleaily drawn 
 and col >red yellow. Thi.'j '.rack 1 well re- 
 member, anil I could trace out port ions of 
 it at the present moment alon^ the steep 
 Hank of the hill towards the Don on which 
 the Necropolis Cemetery is situated, and 
 
 also along the side of the long slope of tlM 
 curious hog's-liack or lidl. on the opposite 
 side «»: the rix ulel known as Castle Frank 
 Brook, which enters the Don here, and 
 whi'-h was here 2ro*seti by a hrniije. 'ihe 
 roaii or bridle patii aseende<l by the side of 
 this loni; slope, until it rt-adieil the plateaa 
 at the top where :*t«,'od thesolnily construct- 
 ed wo<jden buildni; known as Castle Frank, 
 a tew y.irds Ijeyond the northt rn limit of 
 .St. .lames' Cemeterv. I havo often pointed 
 out its exact situation as tlenott d by a pit 
 where its foundation |>ost» were pl.tnte<l. 
 The whole structure, it may be subjoiiifd, 
 wa.« deslrovrd by lire in the ytar \S\\'l. \ 
 could also point out at the present moment 
 distinct lemtins ot the btidle path on the 
 steep slop- just described, as well as re. 
 mains of the same path on the hill near the 
 Necropolis. 
 
I slope of th« 
 the oppoaiti 
 Castle Frank 
 •on luMt', and 
 iTKiifc. 'Jhe 
 '>y tlie siilf o£ 
 '<i the plateau 
 <Hy construct. 
 CaslU- Frank, 
 h» rn limit of 
 oftt-n pointed 
 >t»'«l hy a pifc 
 *-ere pl.micd. 
 I)e snhjdine.I, 
 <ar \sU-2. I 
 sent moment 
 path on tlie 
 < well as re. 
 hill near the