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Photographic

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32X

1 2 3

PARLIAMENT STREET

TORONTO. \

A 1-'AF»ER

Read hv Mk. D. H. Read, Q. C, for the Rev. Ur. Scadding, at the

February Meetinc; of the York Pioneer and

Historical Society, 1893.

TORONTO:
Fhom the "RKroKPKR" or Frbriary K, lHi»3.

fC i"

■.sj

Sil

:1 r *

A F»AF»ER

Read i;v Mr. 1). 15. Kk.mj, Q. C, for thk Rev. Dr. Scadding, at the

February .\U:eti\(; of the York 1'ioneer and

H STORK Ai, Society, 1893.

All intelligent iiihaliitants of our cities
ami towns may Ix- 8uppo$>e(l to tali e peculiar
interest in the origin and signilicancb of
the names attached to their streets), public
8<{uarea, and thoroughfares generally. A
great deal of the history of every place ia
wrapped up in such names. It has become
quite an estal^lished Ciistom of late to com-
memorate Mayors, Aldermen, Lieutenant
Governors, .Judges, and other citizens uf
note by attaching their names to newly
laid out streets or avenues?, as i' is now the
fashion often lo call them ; and doubtless
in this way the existence of many a worthy
amongst us will be hereafter preserved. In
this point of view it wdl be sten how
scrupulous ^e ought to l>e, if we hive any
regard for the past, in nut making changes
without some very good reason in street
names of long standing. The names
given to our leadipg thoroughfares in
the old original portions of the citv of
Toronto in<licate a kiiMl of chival-
rous devotion to monarchical institutions
and the reigning family for the time being.
Thus we have King street and Queen street,
Adelaide street (after Queen Adelaide), and
Viotori(\ street ; l)Ut Uuke stree'; and
Duchess street have also their royal signifi-
cance, though now perchance overlooked —
the referenoe beint^ to the Duke of Ycrk
(in honor of whom the original town ploi
was named) and his Duchess, Frederick
street at the same time preserving bis
('hristiau name, while the next street west-
ward running north and south preserved
that of his elder brother, (ieorge, as the next
street eastward did that of Caroline, spouse
of the latter. The following street east-
ward commemorated the other princes of
the royal family wi' hout mentioning their
names, it being necessary to remark that

the former orthography was Prliirex street
and not " Piincess " street as now usually
given. It should be added, too, that the
name Caroline street has only quite recent-
ly been expunged from the plans of the
city, through the coniinuation of the name
of Slierl>onrne street from Queen street to
the Bay.

It might be imagined perhaps that the
name " Parliament street " attached to the
important thoroughfare leading now from
the neighborhood of Hloor street to the
water's edge, in what used to be considered
the eastern limit of the city, had its origin
in the same feeling of deep respect for con-
stituted authority that had led to the royal
titles being given to other great thorough-
fares in our midst. It might be supposed
that, as in one qftgfe devotion to the monarch-
ical principle wlra>tndicated, so in the other
there was evidence of a wholesome regard
for constitutional government by popular
representation ; but this was not the origin
of the term " Parliament Street." Long
before the cutting up of the eastern portion
of the city into town lots, the thoroughfare
now know as Parliament Street was noth-
ing more than a kind of irregular road pass-
ing down from the direction of Hloor street
into the Kingston road ; that is to say, into
that part of modern King street which is
situated one block east of Berkeley street.
This irregulai road led down southwards
towards the site of the early parliament
buihiings of the province, which stood on a
block of ground close to the bay, immediate*
ly east of Berkeley street.

Hence, when plans were drawn and lines
more formally run, the thoroughfare acquir-
ed the style and title of Parliament Street,
as a route leading down to the parliament
buildings. At the present day when Parlia-

rum'. ^''unMtiBidj openeti out, and made to
piLii» m h 4fa«Kt Ui!« arcrosa the Kingston
roMi ({far bsc street), down to the
VAiiw's aicK» tk* visitor to this part of the
cjtT sW !■• the curiosity to puss down
likrwt||lk ■» wMle Ient;t h till it touches the
B»fn€nammf KcBg St., as aforesaid, and
a2M) Fmaas Ss. in hn way. will find himself
ly Sihs aie «i tbe ma^^i%'e and somewhat
gAMaay ffl» «f taildini^ known as the To-
iPMitX) ■«>» ^«r&a. These works, covt-riiig
iawwif Ixm hiie vriole ulock hounded on
tke bmA 65 Front St., on the east by

St, on the «oulh by the Huy
iti*t w«*c by Berkeley St., ocoiipy
li>r fijic- ^c UM anginal parliament buildings
«a Cpptir •.'aamta wi:.h their iippitrteiiiince».
IteflDe. «» will 'oe well remembered by

:nac occupied by the old cut
temasy pr.aou with ra<iiatiiig wings,
iv Mr. J. G. Howard, and wh ch is
T»nT i.:^iBTr-»?<! ni the surrounding structure,
tLij .. : .— . r. *«>me wav by the authorities
<*f i.i* <L<iK:*«kfners' 'iaa Conr»pany. " An ex-
vrik'.TemiMrj siroACion tor Parliament build-
met '" 'iiit notiem tourist will exclaim,
\>u\ «-i*a zdt i">und wa» covered with fine-
ly r' '»^ "iin'>«jr tne*pot had a noble aspect.
Tt t ■. . .:-* f<u:*d westward and com-
BikUtiM-.. ▲ : x^ Ttew of the harbour in that
^iunecnaiai. f he swamps in the rear were
♦i ott : they are daiiilily
ily plans as " meadows,"
'**y9f&*T«j wil»i h.»y.'" *' natural meaiJow
wiiem naf^ '■• sowed. " etc.
J^mmAt ekAnk.-ter of the early

italk.

parlia-
here ere^tetl. they seem to
;•. • -Ka«»i of two sepivrate edifices or
3 •;; -.^i AS some future time to be
^ .irser central .structnre, of
'.•."-J w -u-'i form the winu;s ; but this
icriccir^ wa:^ never erected ; in the
kvSiObc &sorc of covered way or colon-
amae pmrntA trom the one to the other. The
baiiiabiVV ■* ^'^ arr.tiiu;»<d. i^^ marked uprn
•U pka* iKiii existing of these purls, and

pictorial sketch of

an ear y

this locality In l»ep«init«r. ITTX5. when
President Russeii wrfl* *it«iwi» from Nia-
gara to York to have iik« ■'•mlr-^Tnn at the
latter place made ready j«ir nit* uptnng of
the first pariiaiiient riKw. a* Larorms his
friend (pro 1 'ably the Hca. Joaa Ml* •ill) that
the legislature is 10 lueen k!: VoriK the tirat
of the fo, lowing J ui>e., aotiii nn^ricfore that
it has become alisoluif-h lituv^Mary to make
provision tor the reot^i-Kai oc t;iJe niembj'is
of tliat i»o»ly. ■' Yon wj ii miererore," he
continues, " L»e pieatttid i>«i *pfnue the in-
habiiants of the town luuiiti twenty-tive
gentlemen will want 1 ioje-jijc* and board
during the sibsk.hs, wtnc ranvt poaail.ly in-
'luce them to lit up 1 tit r .a^* and lay in
provisions to accoiiiitci^fc.:.* tiheoi. ' He
then refers to tnc ofini:!*!: ^la^s of the
intended governirem to fucLujimeul lioiise
just spokt-n 01, and i<aji> litaiH rhese ai any
rate must be got rearty. ""nites one for the
Legislative (."oiincil, ii>e o<iiiji« tor the As-
sembly." J'he liars, iMiiut*^ .ind other
articles ot furnuiire iiiiituiiii tn use at
Niagara for legtelaiif^e fnrfi^iie!}. he will
direct 10 be Bent ovec ""Hie house ap-
propriated for tlie LefiTisiaarvit Council." he
adds, "can be oi.'ca.h)uiiM..j« mtevia-t a council
chamber.

These were tiie puWat- faiiiMiiaig 1 destroy-
ed by the invaders irtmi li* Uattini States
in the year ls!.'{, ae w^ Marmismm the letter
of tlie Rev. Dr. Struai»ant tl» ««-Pre8ident
Jeflerson piimed :ii iite ityipeiwirx (No. J>.
page .SON) to liie repan cc Piie Loyal and
I'atriotic Society of L pfMrCaatbia, puhliah-
ed at Montreal by Wi iiaii Ci-ray m 1S17.
Dr. Slrdchan's wordt- a^it "tut**. — ^' Id April,
1S13, the public builauir* *>- York, thecp-
iial of Ujiper Canada., whs* barneti by the
iroojiS of the United ^lali»'K.;«ntrary to the
articles cf capiinlatinu- l"a«y i.-ons'isted of
two elecant halie wnii ««a:s«aj»at offices for
the accomniotiatioL c>f it* litip^lature and of
the Cciirtsof .]iisii"e_ T**ui!i&pary andallthe
paper and reccr J*; l»(»l<otf"»^ ro these insti-
tutions were coni^umcid. Jfcs SJie ^ame time

/C9

the char Ji was robbett and the tft vn library
tjt«U\- p:llai;e<i." The publiu Iniildings
thus «ie»iroy«l were replaced, i twtit tlie
year l8lH. oy others more extensive, and of
a more :mposiug character, but sit lated on
Ihe same spot land nere the pailiainent coii-
tiniie<i to (loiii its sessions down to the year
lH24,wiien they were again totally destroy-
ed, bat this itme not i>y the hand ot an in-
vading foe hut by a tiie originating in an
over-heated flue. These buildings 1 myself
well remember. ba'Mng more that once wit-
nesse<i the pa^ei.ntry attendant on theopen-
iiigof tJie House by the Lieutenant (ioveriior
oi th:rd*y,Sir Peiegrine Maitland, pageantry
humbie euooifh no doul)t, but then appear-
ing ver\- niagniticent. After 18'24 the I'ar-
liameut for many years found a shelter far
to the westwint ot its original home at
York : lirsi in the buildings of the (Jeiieral
Hospital, situated just west of John stieet,
nearly whe-e the Arlington Hotel now
Btancis : and secondly in the new brick
court house Test of Church street, imme<li-
ately acr^teS from St. dames' Cathedral.
Its permaoeut resting place as then imagin-
ed was ID the range of buildings on Suncoe
P]ac-e, expressly f"r itsaociimmodation, just
south from iiovernment House — the build-
ing at this moment in the act of being va-
rAted.

We now return to Parliament street in
the east. Tnis gre^t throughfare is not
marke<i by that na,iie on tlie earliest plans
which we poesess. in Mr. Surveyor General
IX \V. Smsth's map (ITJMi) preserveil among
his papen in the Public Library, Toronto,
tne r«Miie now marked as Parliament street
appears as that of an irregular road leading
iivirtbwami. It? chief use seems to have
l»een to conduct the traveller to Castle
Frank, and u is soirewhai laneifully des-
ii:nate<i a* "Park lane," after which name
*• to Castle Frank " is added. TI.e surveyor
genera] possessed a lot of land a little way
to the westward whi^h he had laid out as
an or< har<i or garden, and on which he had

erected a rather conspicuous residence
named iiy him '* .MaryviUe," of whicli resi-
dence there is an elaborate drawing among
hi.s papers. On the euHtern bouiidary of his
lot he Had erected a " poller's lodge, ' from
which a track or rcadway is marked in the
dirtction of the route leatling to Castle
Frank. In a seccnd plan of his represent-
ing these parts, we have another route
matke<i out leading oblitjuely i a north-
westerly direction Itom the road to Cas'de
Frank, an.i this route is curiously marked
•' New Road to Niagara." This evidently
shows that a track had been oj^ened to-
wards the head of Parliament street,
as we should now speak of it, to Yonge
street, to where the Davenport Road enters
ttiat street tromthe west. This Davenport
Road was the "new road to Niagara," run-
ning along at tne foot of the Davenport Hill
or rise ot land, as far as the village ot Carle-
ton, where it crosses the roail leading to
Weston ami passes on over the Hund)er
piaiiis directly to ihe bridge on Dundas
street. It is called the new road, in con-
tradistinction to the old route to and from
Niagara by the lake sliore still travelled, and
popularly known as the Lake Shore Road,
ciossirg the Humber at its mouth, a mile
or so south of the bridge on Dundas street.
This memorandum inscribed by Surveyor
General Smith on his early plan is interest-
ing as enabling us to trace the first opening
up of the "-oute along I'arliament strdet
wester I}- .o warns Yonge stieet. We must
remember that the whole space traversed by
this newiy acquired route was then an al-
most un)>roken forest in a state of nature.
This will account for the somewhat rambl-
ing character of the track laid down on the
surveyor general's plan, winch by no means
coinci.ies with the long straight lines math-
ematically drawn from north to south on
the plan, indicating the divisions and sub-
divis'ions of the large park lots laid out
heieabout.

The name 'Parliament street " evidently

VS^

dill not come into general uhc until some
years later. In Wilniol'n plan ot the sur-
vny of llifHc p. iris, niiide l)y unler of (;f»v«'r-
n )r ( iore, in IS 10, the route is hini down hut
not nanied. In the pliiiiH U(<ed at the time
of the incorporation of the city in 1834 and
afterwards, the name Piiriiament street is
fully rerotjni/ed, as we can see in Cane's
plan and Sandford Fleming's <i few >ear!i
later. In the plan which I possess of the
< 'astle Frank prctpiTty made l»y Augustus
.foiies in l"*!)4, the line of roiid i.r rather ir-
reiiulaf track leading from what we now
call P.irliaineut atieet eastward mtf) the
property at its lower end i« cleaily drawn
and col >red yellow. Thi.'j '.rack 1 well re-
member, anil I could trace out port ions of
it at the present moment alon^ the steep
Hank of the hill towards the Don on which
the Necropolis Cemetery is situated, and

also along the side of the long slope of tlM
curious hog's-liack or lidl. on the opposite
side «»: the rix ulel known as Castle Frank
Brook, which enters the Don here, and
whi'-h was here 2ro*seti by a hrniije. 'ihe
roaii or bridle patii aseende<l by the side of
this loni; slope, until it rt-adieil the plateaa
at the top where :*t«,'od thesolnily construct-
ed wo<jden buildni; known as Castle Frank,
a tew y.irds Ijeyond the northt rn limit of
.St. .lames' Cemeterv. I havo often pointed
out its exact situation as tlenott d by a pit
where its foundation |>ost» were pl.tnte<l.
The whole structure, it may be subjoiiifd,
wa.« deslrovrd by lire in the ytar \S\\'l. \
could also point out at the present moment
distinct lemtins ot the btidle path on the
steep slop- just described, as well as re.
mains of the same path on the hill near the
Necropolis.

I slope of th«
the oppoaiti
Castle Frank
•on luMt', and
iTKiifc. 'Jhe
'>y tlie siilf o£
'<i the plateau
<Hy construct.
CaslU- Frank,
h» rn limit of
oftt-n pointed
>t»'«l hy a pifc
*-ere pl.micd.
I)e snhjdine.I,
<ar \sU-2. I
sent moment
path on tlie
< well as re.
hill near the