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Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtra filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour 6tre reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir de Tangle sup6rieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de h&ut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessai/e. Les diagrammes suivants illustrunt la mdthode. atd >lure. 1 2X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 f- «^/^.-Q--e- ««>^^«s?* ^'Cth June, 1858. By Rev. GEORGE W. HILL, m.a. ProfeiBor of Pastoral ThenloK^, and Chaplain t<>fche Lord Bishop of Nova-8cotia. ^ubirfl^tb by t^r |^eioctaleb ^Inmni. 1 A 283 'H5S HALIFAX : PRINTED BY JAMES BOWES AND SONS, 1868. - ■I l l €h 1'V.EAi I'rofei ^ 1' 5' 3 /'/o--^ . REVIEW 09 THE RISE AND PROGRESS OF THB Churrh oi (Bn^\m& in §ifn-^tt>i\A, BEINQ A SERMON i'llEACHKD BEFORE TIIR H0N0nAI1I,K THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS AND THE MEMBERS OF THE I'NIVERSITY OF KING'S COLLEGE, WINDSOR, On the 24th June, 1858. By Rev. GEORGE W. HILL, m.a. IVofessor of I'astoral Tlieology, and Chaplain to tlie Lord Bishojt of Nova-Scotia. |,lubUsIjcb bg lljc 3tS30chiteb ^^lumnr. HALIFAX : PRINTED BY JAMES ]> W E S A N D S N S. 18G8. I Tin the As Them gather ciety 1 — a SI the yi for SO] and n< Alfre( Winch 1820 Chur( vious Hawl and ] Nortl Ilalif son's purp( just 1 for h mati< to CO that COBIJ PREFACE. The following discourse is published at tbc request of the Associated Alumni. It is divided into two sections. The material with which the first division is composed was gathered from several sources : " The Reports of the So- ciety for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts," —a series of which very valuable books, beginning with the year 1713 and ending with the year 1797, has been for some time in the Library of King's College, Windsor, and now augmented by the handsome gift of the Reverend Alfred Gilpin, B. A., formerly Rector of Christ Church, Windsor, consisting of a nearly complete set from the year 1820 to 1853 ; " Historical Notices of the Missions of the Church of England in the North American Colonies, pre- vious to the independence of tl - United States," by Ernest Hawkins, B. D., 8vo., London; "A Sketch of the Rise and Progress of the Church of England in the British North American Provinces," by T. B. Akin, Esq., 12mo., Halifiix, N. S. Some reference was also made to "Ander- son's History of the Colonial Church," kindly lent for the purpose by a friend, (Mr. Akin, the author of the Sketch just mentioned,) to whom I beg to oflfer my sincere thanks for his valuable and friendly assistance in gathering infor- mation. If any of the clergy or others should feel disposed to consult the works enumerated above, it will be perceived that Mr. Hawkins had some advantage over Mr. Akin in compiling his book on "Missions," as he had access to the I s^ io SO. IV. PREFACE. -iginal Rep„,,s in the libra -l hea "1?"^ "^ also cabled to consult tbe Ju i Bo tot 1 t'p ■ "" and the minutes of th. p„ ', '** I^™"™c, SPG F P , , ^"™^P°»''"'g Committee of the down he,o„d the ;•»", th * bt e"- °" ""' ^°™ tablished. "" ^'s-^^Pate was es- I "Thy way, TUE mission, to fulfil keeping the Apoi of salvai place on to carr^ mountai found,— publish by moti^ tian fat settled Christ 1 visible ( structui rites, Av noi the but the Gospel BEI^MOIsr. "Thy way, God, is in the Canctuary: who is so great a God as ^^, ^^"^J^'V. 13. The Church of Christ is charged with a weighty mission. Its members and its ministers have a great duty to fulfil : the Gospel is committed to their trust for safe keeping and wide diffusion. " The whole world," * saith the Apostle, "lieth in wickedness;" and, as the message of salvation must be co-extensive with its need, there is no place on earth whither the servants of God are not bound to carry it. Into every nook and corner, upon every mountain and valley,— wherever an immortal soul is found,— it devolves upon the heralds of the Cross to publish the glad tidings of a Saviour's death. Prompted by motives arising from such principles as these, our Chris- tian fathers sent their early missionaries to this newly settled land, commissioned to teach and preach Jesus Christ as the sinner's only hope. By their means His visible Church was founded in the country. The external structure, with its distinctive marks and divinely appointed rites, was organized ; while testimony abounds that it was noi the mere outward form, devoid of life and godliness, but thai the Spirit of our God,— the Shekinah of this Gospel dispensation, — rested upon it, by whose gracious * 1 John V. 19. Gal. iii. 22. 6 influence »any living stones wore .cI,lo,l , , ^■m,,le of tl.e Lord Our r ',!"'''"' •<> '"'« q>;ritual A brief review of our c^-c^.",.^"'''*''"^-'' * g™.-,lian of .,oraIit/a ,1 . r > " '"'"''' ^^ ««'■ 'l'*' civil virtues ,v,,ich Wi, Le i,: ™"':; "^ "'"- -'^'1 a-nl to exeito our gratitude Tn,! "4f „,'" *''""' "=""' "»^ '»d »««■«•« ^/,„„/rf 4^ '"^ ^''«-cd cause. GW.^ ;„«< With His Ucssin. I slrr"'T"""' ^'^ '''^ /""'«■ ^o..e of the ,nore Zl^ ;— vour to set before ,oa -'Jing the testing; :";"■? f *'"'■ '''^'-T. '''"^ vietion that we are ierZr T " '"™'"' ™"- t^>"ght bj the Holy (5|,o,t ,T,f '=;"=""">'■<"' S"i'lo.l and pure in doctrine, so sin.^ e in i , ,> "'1 "' ^'"='"'"'' - "s government, has ken naee ,rt iT "'" '' "'"''""'' ™ «'0 colony, we should avTetu e f ""'" f"°°'-^^^ "^ 0. the other band, the i ri.r 7 """""S'"' J".^- If, '••'ve anticipated I as nth "■""""=» «''i^* "e nn'gb o«-t. of ol »ce a e ir;';""'"' """ ""'■'^' '^^'^ '■ch a harvest as we „,i„ ,7 I, , '■'^'^'»M'<--'"r God, tJie • social antl > niaj tend •ligation to '0(J's past ''e fidure. 'eforo jou tt>ij, thus ntal con- lidcd and 'gland, s(. Jstolic in =>gi'css of iov-. If, 'e migJit St' earlj >3,^ were abolin 1 "" ""'"■'•'' "P™ "'» "'I'abitants, both sen nt t ""'°™f '^'^ "''J^^'^ "' "- -^"-''y, -ho t >Nas, ichohcd thciiiselves into "three m-ont ^^.'"'r -" ".'^"™"-<'" "f '"- ^vl.» ".let .^ ^'fo^oLs. II Jjut few, il any, of the 'yUm' .Mi„|,„,,, „, ■,::.; ,Tki„-s Ui* a,;,uw~ ,7 op,o„„.r.,A.D.,:5„. li,,..S.l..,,n.M,p.,r' ^4«.pu.,„ li,, „niK.o „i,n,„ fo„,,,n., ,1,0 .,,,,,,,,,,,:: SERMON. 9 orcscnt the clothed in ^iiigs. At id roughly and Aviiiter rch, Saint :ation met lanted the las it ever thof'God ers. In- iks, there ^men ac- pcriod of ergy was liirf little vokc us, love, iiiission- ^"^ were ts, both /■, whoso B great ttled in and the of the iu3. latter class were as yet in the Province ; but most fully did the duty in reference to the two former meet with its dis- charge 'in this man. whose powers, mental and physical, were of no ordinary cast. As a missionary to his country- men, he was in "journeyings often;" and so earnestly does ho seem to have proclaimed the Gospel of Christ, and so consistently to have walked amongst the scattered mem- bers of his flock,* that he Avon the admiration and respect of dissenters, not only for himself, but for the doctrines of Christianity as taught by the Liturgy and Articles of the Church of England. Tlic townships of Annapolis and Granville were so impressed with the purity of his life, the soundness of his preaching, and the scriptural ll.rmularies which he used, that they united in an address to a clergy- man resident in Massachusetts to settle amongst them as their pastor. Another labour evincing his intellectual power as well as his fervent ijeal, was his watchful care over the spiritual interests of the Indians, f Unwearied with his long jour- nies and incessant preaching, he applied himself to the study of the Micmac hu»guage. His application succeeded. In a short time he ministered to these people in their own tomzue. On one occasion he gathered them witliin the walls of iSt. Paul's church, Ilaliaix, where he officiated in the INIicmac dialect, and they sung, in their own plaintive strains, an anthem both before and after the service. Nor did he purpose retaining within himself his ac(iuired know- ledge : but, in order that it miglit be available to posterity, he put it in a permanent form, having ^resolved to per- Mfinvkins' Mi(«si(.ns, p. V.W ; llopP- i^- I*- ^- ^'•^"" '"■'" ^" ^'''' ' Akiii's UiK> iui'l I'l'ii^fiTss, pp. '2], '2'J. t Ibuvkins" Mi^sicns, p. UOU ; Akiu's llisc and I'rogicfi.? ; aiul IU>p. S. P. 0., 1705. 1* I i|i !i 10 SERMON. severe, till ho shouM be able to publish a grammar, a dictionary, and a translation of the Bible."* Tliis purpose he was enabled partially to fulHl, since in a few years he aent to England the first volume of his native grammar w,th a translation of the Creed and the Lord's Prayar.f Would to uod the zealous endeavours of one who had thus gamed the hearts of the Indians had been supported by some equally zealous successor, and that they had not been left for nearly half a century unpitied and untaught! But wh,le, on the one hand, those unprinted nmnuscripts make us sad, on the other they bear noblo testimony to the vitahty and vigour of our communion. Unhappily it was often the case that, as one valiant soldier fell figluin. in fill t ?' ? ''"'"' '"■' P'"''' ^'"^ "«' «l»"'i'/ «^ wlmlly filled, and thus, sometimes, the good work begun w,as left unfinished As we look upon the wandering remnant of that once dreaded r.ace, and mourn their degradation, wo rejoice to know that within our pale one witness for bod pomted their lathers heavenward, and showed them the u-.ng way. After a lengthened service, he closed the ac ed stewardship committed to his charge, having proved hy his lioly, consistent life, that he was endowed with an apostolic spirit. " In the town of Lunenburg, settled next in order to the capual£w e have such testin iony to the missionary zeal •Hawkins' .Missidus, p. 800. ~~ ~ appear, to haCo ^ou:,,^^^^''^^^^^ ^''•- ^^u-.i) P^rlk-,1,, ami .o.M„.l^"p ,^';; 1^'j^^ J'il' ^^: •'"- '""'-•^to..,l l.i„. sent huiuo A. J). Kdc. ^ ^ ^ «<.\outi^. ibc ummisciii.t^ >vvie t Uuliljurtou'3 llistyiy, vol. II., p. IJQ. SERMON. 11 ammar, a is purpose jears lie grammar, Prayar.f had tlius 5ortc(l by not been ntaught ! nuscripts n J to the ly it was :hting in T wholly was left nnant of ition, we for God lem the >scd the proved, with an ' to the Li> zeal .Iul,v ,'!0, !)■ to the K' \'ii:Mr- [>t' IIr'hi', toDll llilll and labour manifested among the heterogeneous pcpulation of En:;lish, French and German,* as leaves us no room to doubt but that souls were saved. The exertions of ]\Ioreau for many years ; f the mild disposition and overtasked strength of the gentle Vincent •,% the varied instrumentality of De la Roche, who preached on each Lord's day in three different languages, and endeavoured to spread a knowledge of the Gospel through the medium of the press, publishing several sermons and a commentary on the Gospel in the first newspaper printed in the Province :'i^ the highly esteemed labours of the much-loved Biyzclius, who, while in the very act of proclaiming eternal life through a cruci- fied Redeemer, II was summoned from his pulpit by the hand of death. — convince us that a knowledge of the one true God and Jesus Christ whom lie has sent must have been spread abroad. The sudden departure of the last-named n.inister brings to notice a venerable missionary who succeeded him, though appointed immediately to a diflerent sphere of duty.** llis zeal was great, and it was requisite that it should be. The duties designated and selt'-imposed were extremely arduous. His oihcc was no sinecure, but he had strength * Akin's Sketches, pp. IH, 20. t Akiu's Sketches, p. i:) ; Ropp Soo. P. 0. from IToo to ITTO. I Akiu's Sketches, p. lU ; Repp, from 17tl2 to 17<1.'). § Akin's Sketches, p. -JO; lU-pi.. S. P. 0. fr..m 1771 to 17S7. "The tiv'.', Iiy Aiilliniiy Ilciiiy ; it was C!illeYhicli he 'tilled, ami substitute this. f I 12 SERJIOX. ava,de, Inm for the disol.arge of it, duties through a Ion. enes of years. With a spirit worthy of the apollic a": M he bear the message of salvation to the untutored a;:^ ^elated settlers on the roek-bound coast of our Pr il ^0 hardslups quenched his .eal ; „o s.oru.s shook h s ourage : no home comforts or don.estie joys allured him f m h,s eourso. '^ Year after year he penetrated 1 1" nu. erous harbours and bays of the Atlantic coast of Nova Seotu and those of the Gulf shore-* often driven by pnvatecrs to disembark and seek refuge in the forest -f ^r. n.'.i Ii'. Akiira Resident in Halifax during all this time, be seems to have spared no pains to do bis Master's work. Through all the vicissitudes which Halifax experienced, be was uniformly wise and earnest. As the population fluctuated, botb iu number and kind, be met the emergency, and none but those Avbo have made themselves ac(|uainted with the early history of our chief town, can form an adeijuate notion of the arduous duties imposed upon him. At one time the rendezvous of the fleet on its return from the second siege of Louisburg ; tlien formed into a camp for the troops before and after the siege of Quebec : then again, from the evacuation of Boston, A. D. 17TG, until the termination of the war, constantly thronged with regiments and refugees from the revolted colonics, — it reciuired no ordinary man to meet the spiritual Avants of all, or provide for the tem- poral necessities of many. IIow disheartening must have been the occasional decrease of the -population, when, in- stead of enlarging, the congregation diminished, and the connuunicants grew less ! '' From the close of the French war until the commencement of the American Kevolution, Halifax continued to decline, until the population did not exceed three thousand." ■ * These dilTicultics and disajjpoint- luents were met with a Christian spirit, and the old mis- sionary laboured on, " gaining the good will and esteem of men of all ranks and persuasions; preaching the Gospel of peace and purity," says one, "with an eloijuencc of bui- guage and delivery far beyond anything heard in America." f There are not wanting oilier names of that little company (of nineteen) who pursued their sacred calling amid hard- ships and under straitened circumstances of which we, in * Akiu's Settlement of Halifax, p. ol. t Hawkins' Missions, p. UT.'.!. 14 SERMON. I ™. era Jays, know notl,i„g. The face of tl.o country i, for the n,ost part, .o altered, mean, of communication a.^ so .n,proved, and all ,l,o arts and appliances of science so -""'ol. and so well adapted to aid the n.issionary in 1, work nnd protect l.i.n from the inclemency of the weather, that ,t ,s now heyond onr reach to know by experience the pnvations, discon.forts and dangers to wldel. il.csc heroic forerunners of our army were exposed. Let us here stop to in.p.irc, my brethren, if we can sec God s gon,gs in the Sanctuary. He works l.y n.eans. He has co,,,„nt,.d to Ilis Church, "whiel, is the blessed cont- pany of „i fo,„ f„, ,„„p,e ^: *_.(,,, congregation of fi ,thful men- -.^the pure word of God to be ^ead.e.!, and the saermnents to be duly administered accordiL to C'h isfs holy ordtnance in all those things that of nicessity e w^'sba 1 r n """•" ^ '^'^ '""' '^^ ^»-- "--foref that «e shall be able to trace His way in the sanctuary, to note I^graaous dealings with ,nc„ through the medium of His Uiurch. H,s ordmaiy n.ode of co.nmunicating revealed truth ,s through this, His ow,i appointed, instrutnentality- the guardian and dispo.ser of His life-giving oraeles. He t no, but He has chosen for His purpose an.bassadors fion among men, and eon.mittcl the treasure to these earthen vessels, that the e..cellency of the power nn.bt bo a«ful .espons,b,l,ty rests on His elect body of proelaLin^ God s n,css,>gc of mercy to fallen man, or that His cus! tomary mode of making known the way of eternal lile to l>«i|^_snn^is in His sanctuary ; Who that ha, •Co>„,„. Scnioo. r.it. CImivI, „f K„gl»„a. t I'JIU .Vrtk'Ie (.'liurcl, „f Kugi,,,,,], ?* ■■"MMHiili SERMON. 15 country is, lication are ' science so nary in his lie Aveatlier, erience the liese heroic ve can sec leans, lie cssed coni- egation of aclied, and to Christ's '■esshy are :'fore, tliat y, to note urn of His revealed ntalitj — ?les. lie from Ilis bassadors to tliese might be [Intj and clainiinix His cus- 1 life to that has ^listened to the good news published by His servants, and applied them to himself, or broken bread at the table of the Lord and been strengthened and refreshed by His grace, will refuse to acknowledge the presence of God and the in- fluence of the Spirit in His Church ? What evidence does the history of this period afford that God dwelt in His sanctuary, or that this Church was one which claimed and received the fulfilment of His promise : "In all places where I record my name, I will come unto thee, and I will bless thee T" * Our brief review supplies us with proof that the external Church, at least, was established in the land. Sanctuaries were erected in different parts of the Province, which stood as tokens that God was recognized and honoured, and as beacons to warn and arouse the careless. Within their walls (^ilod was worshipped; children were admitted by the rite of l)aptism into the covenant of grace ; the memorials of Christ's death distributed amongst the members of His flock, and the word of truth read and preached to perishing sinners. True, the light may have shone but dindy from some of those pulpits, — the oil with which the sanctuary was lighted may have been less I'cfined than the beaten olive of the ancient tabernncle ; 1)ut sure we are tliat the j)ure, unmingled doctrines of the Gospel were proclaimed in the ritual. IT the flame was dull or fitful in the pulpit, it was brilliant as it was constant in the desk. There it was no feeble reflection from the human intellect, but the unveiled shinin^i; of that Word which was " a Itimp unto the feet and a light unto the patli." Had the public preaching been ever so powerless, the way of salvation was faultlessly announced in ihat Church wiiich read the Old Testament ♦Deut. ix. L'l. 16 SERMON. once and the Xcw Testament three times a year, besides its reiterations of the Psalms and its selections from the Epistles and Gospels. Did the Word of God always return void to Him who gave it? Were none converted by its searching doctrines? Were all signed witli the liquid cross deserters from the cause ? Did none spiritually eat the flesh and drink the blood of Christ ? We trust that they were not few in num- ber who were gathered into the fold of the great Shepherd, redeemed by the blood of Christ and sanctified by the Holy Spirit. In the abundant la])ours of the missionaries we have testimony of their zeal, and in the sentiments expressed in their correspondence some witness of their success. The number of communicants, by which we may reasonably judge of the internal life of the Church, as well as the growth of religion, speaks favorably.* The population fluctuated, and. as a consequence, so did the members of the connnunion. This circumstance accounts for an appa- rently periodical retrograde movement in vhe cause of Chiistianity ; and those who simply refer to the reports of the Society, wiihout looking at them through the medium of our civil history, are at a loss to understand the great decrea.se of numbei's which now and then appears. It was, however, smjipparent, not a real diminution, as a little *Tlie miiiiber of communicants rotuvneil fVom tlio oupital A D 17')'> WLs^ovn- ,-.()(» ; s.'voiitecM yo;irs later tlu'v are stattMl at tlio "vastly 1 iiuiMi.slKMl niimlior of Kl."). Now, tl.is .lirteronce is Mcc(,unto,l for hy .10 rc.mjval of the (Jern.an.- to LiiMenhiir-. The Clnnvli ..t ll.ilifiv vva^ thus .livided, aii.l it :s iieeess:iry to unite tlu< numlier.s in l.otli i.hiees in onler to iirnve nt a ri-i.t conclusion. The ajruTe-ate, iiowever, of all the communicants, under Dr. Breynton, :\lr. .Moreau and Mr. Urv/eliu.'. w.as I'ut :.s.,, ,„,(! with the m;s.vi„n of Mr. 15ein,ett in the present coun- ties of I ants and Kin.irs, and that (,f Mr. Wood at AnnaiM.lis. n.,t more than |..i>. I his ,s to he accounted for hy the tide of emigration which ut this time set out Irum our shores. SERMON. 17 *, besides its s from the Him Avho ; doctrines ? I's from the 1 drink the fcAv in num- t Shepherd, )j the Holy )3 \yc have V' pressed in cess. The rcasonablj veil as the population nenibei's of r an appa- ) cause of reports of le medium the great i. It was, js a little il A.D. 17r)2 t tlic vastly intci] for hy ll.ilifiy was itli pliU'C'f^ in vi'ver, ot" all II". rnvzelius rcscnr I'diin- is. Hot more ■ation which investigation would show. Knowing the real circumstances^ of the colony, we will not be much surprised at finding that, while the returns were made at five hundred in 1752, the number had probably not reached upwards of six hun- dred upon the arrival of the Bishop. At this time the Church was greatly augmented by the influx of troops and refuo-ccs, but no very accurate calculation can be made from the data within reach. Enough information, however, has come doAvn to us on which to base the assertion that a knowledge of true religion was spread abroad, — that the Church had not declined, but taken root and prospered. As the guardian of the morality of the Province, we can- not question the benignant influence exercised.* The clor^ry of the Church were the friends and advisers of those in authority. The presence and opinions of the mission- aries were of great and acknowledged value in an infimt settlement of adventurers of every class and disposition. Those in high places charged with the framing of the laws and their maintenance were the associates of the ministry ; several of the Governors took the most lively interest in all that pertained to the establishment of the Church and the increase of true religion ;t and it is not improbable that this intimate communication produced the proclamation of ~^Th71)rogicss of crime between 1749 and 1754 was perhaps less vai.iil than might h ive been expected amons a population of five or six thousaml composed of such materials. Dui'iug the tirst five years there were fifty criminal trials on record, — many convictions for grand lan-env, which was then the subject of capital punishment. After the appointment of Cliief Justice Jielcher, convictions were less frecpient. Most of the executions, as in the time of the General Court, were for stealing or receiving stolen goods. — Akin's Sett., p. 44. t Akin's Sketch, pp. Ki, 27. Governor (afterwards Chief Justice) Belcher and Governor Lawrence were exceedingly interested in^ the spread of sound religious principle. l»f the latter the llep. S. I*. (>. thus speaks :— '"(»ii his (Dr. Bveyntmi's) return to Halifax, he found Governor l,awrence dead, — a great loss to the colony, to the Church, and to Mr. Breynton himself." 18 SERMOX. Lord William Campbell forbidding horse-racin. " . i -g to garnblin. ..leness. and immoral; :"=' " '''''' iliat the Church of Eno-hnifl wo. +i i j"„ • -0|^and^ nijhe present year we count seventy-two, of *A. D. 182.3, A. D. ISr.O. of ootobei, 1850. ins lis ™N± if!: "' ^'y^^'^f' "- ?-^ ir- . -----'» -^'v i' ^''''■^- the son of JfL jlaZi S V n ^"'"^^^^•' "^" ""•'^■"-^■' -'Vlio Mas this Province. H^ SJ't:;.^'- %;,„$";''T d,^;;;':''^, '^ "' ''^'r, ^' his father was Hector of tb-it , .,.; i "^ ' ." ,' ''"i"'- the period that t Reports S. P. G. ■1 SERMON. 21 m uhoin five are on the retired list.* The number of labor- ers has, on tlic whole, steadily increased, and notwithstand- ing the great temporal disadvantages under which the clergy lie, — their meagre pecuniary support, and the arduous toil which they undergo, — there has never been wanting a spirit of primitive zeal amongst them. As the country became more thickly settled, the Church endeavored to meet the demand upon her resources. Some missionaries, faithful to their temporal Sovereign, souglit a heme in this colony, and found for themselves a double welcome, as loyal subjects of their King and ministers of God. Thus reinforced, the work was vigorously prose- cuted,— while the appointment of a Bishop, perfecting, as it did, the constitution of the Church, gave the new impulse a right direction. Buildings were erected for the puldic worsiiip of God, and the duties of the clergy were better defined. But few churches were thoroughly completed when Bishop Inglis landed at llalitax.f From his son's nop report in 1848, J it would appe ar that onlv three Avere wholly finished ; These have increased to one hundred and two>^ With this augmentation of cliurches and those who serve them, the question naturally arises whether the congrega- * Kcpp. S. P. G. for these years. tllep. S. P. G., IT'.iO. t It would scc'iu that ]>j>i Lordship was in error upon this point. There was a cliiircli at Halifax; one nt Lunenhuro; ; one at Shel- There was a cliiircli ai iiaiiiax ; one ni lauiennurj; , unu ui ^J,^^>.■ l)urne ; one at Cornwallis, erected in IT'O at the expeu.se ot^^Colone. pyurbridge and Mr. lk>t ; one at Annapolis, conimeueed in 1770, am completed externally in 1780. § In Nova Scotia proper there are 102 consecrated churches, and V2 unconsecrated, because untinislied, besides some chapel school houses ; in Cajie iJieton, 7 Consecrated, and 1 unconsecrated ; total, lU'J — l-:-- In P. E. Island, 11. ii-n- 22 SERMON. tions became lai-gcr, and the communicants more numerous. If church membershiio declines, we conclude that something- ]S wanting ; if it increases, that there is a vital principle at work. In reply to such a question, the whole increase is shown by the returns of the first year of the Episcopate and those of the last year, — the one being six hundiod, the other three thousand four hundred communicants. This may be thouglit, and by a superficial student even adduced as proof, that the Church of England did not make progress correspondent with thr increased population. But a little careful thought will readily convince the inquirer that it is wholly useless to compare the aggregate numbers in the Trovince with the members of our communion, and hope thereby to ascertain our true relative position. The immigrants professing themselves members of the Churches of Home or Scotland far outnumbered those who professed themselves members of the Church of England, while an enormous proportion of the refugees entirely dissented from our views of doctrine and ecclesiastical government. In- deed, it places the matter of our position and growth in a new light to read the correspondence of some of the oldei missionaries, who show that iheir greatest difficulties were often with the very men A<'ho had fursaken their worldly goods and friends from loyalty to their Sovereign. It could scarcely be otherwise than that those v ho came from New England either before or after the Revolution should be antagonistic to the Established Church. They were the descendants of men who had left their native country that they might worship God, as ^vas profcsgecl, iju tljdr owii^ ya^. They wore of various sorts and denominations^ agreeing only in their dissent from the Church of England. They were met by adventurers of still diiferent persua- sions, and no community of worship existed amonis-^ them. SERMON. 03 As proof of the strange notions introduced by some -who emigrated from the older colonics, one or two instances may he adduced. In the mission of Granville and Annapolis, the Bishop relates * tha{ a spirit of great enthusiasm pre- vailed, which so took possession of a certain woman that she believed herself endowed with a spirit of prophecy ; and, being desirous of exhibiting some extraordinary proof of it, she presumed to foretell that on a certain day the devil would seize and carry off liodily a man in the neigh- borhood, Avhom she named. "The day came," says his Lordship, "but tlie man remained perfectly safe, yet the prophetess has not lost her influence and credit witli her adherents."' This state of things continued for a long period of time ; indeed, at as late a date as the year 1823 we find the following statement from the llev. George Best, of Granville :t — " There are a variety of preachers, but the most extraordinary among them is an infatuated young man who calls himself a prophet, and in an assumed imi- tation of Elijah and St. Julin, moves about the country with a mantle upon bis shoulders and a girdle round his loins."' This man frecpiently declaimed in public, and many were led by the spirit of curiosity to hear him. That he exercised some influence in the community may be inferred from the fact of the missionary being obliged to endeavor to counteract his ettbrts. The circumstances just detailed arc merely illustrations of the assertion that many of the inhabitants whose })olitical sentiments might lead us to suppose that they venei'ated the Church as well as the State were opponents of the most dangerous kind, — men with zeal, l)ut williout knowledge. *Uop. s. P.O. iT'.i'j, p. n. t llq). S. P. G. Ib'J:!, p. 2\\ 24 SERMON. Wo must not, therefore, be surprised tliat the increase of Church mcm1)crs was not proportionally great Avith the augmentation of the popuhition. Witli the mixture of emigrants by whom the Province was colonized, great ecclesiastical difficulties Avere introduced. In place of a readiness to welcome the teachers and receive the instruc- tions provided by British benevolence, there was a disposi- tion to thwart the one and despise the other. But amid these discouragements, there were tokens of Divine favour, and the life of the missionary Avas often cheered by a visible blessing on his efforts. From the re- presentation of the religious state of Nova-Scotia, tAvo or three years after the settlement of the Bishop in his diocese, an improvement in many respects Avas manifest. Churches Averc erected in Wilmot, Digby, Tarrsboro', Newport. Preston, Cumberland, and other places. Those Avho desired to make a public profession of their faith Avcrc con- firmed : tiie state of the missions examined : and ecclesi- astical matters put into sucli a regular and uniform train as to be easily carried on Avith decency and order for the future. '-Amorc extensive field for pious exertions was opened up, and the prospect of success was brighter tliaii ever.'^ One great ])enefit conferred by our Church upon this Province, too often forgotten noAV. but not the less valuable on tills account, demands the Avhole country's gratitude. The Church of England diffused tlie blessings of education throughout the laud. When ignorance prevailed, and tlie means of dispelling it Averc few and feeltle. the Church came forAvard and proffered aid. Instruction blended and inter- Avoven with Christian trutli Avae imparted to the young. Scliool houses Avere erected, and masters appointed to tcacli the elements of useful learning. When neitiier fume nor SERMON. JiO emolument could accrue from the liumLle office, tlie mem- bers of our communion stepped in and sent their servants to do the arduous work. The very first labors of the Society in our country were performed by two schoolmasters sta- tioned respectively at Annapolis and Canseau, previous to the arrival of Mr. Tutty. From that date, when a Mr. Halhead was employed in Halifax, the important duty became more and more an object of interest. In 1785 there were four schoolmasters engaged in this useful avocation ; in 1707 there Avere fourteen : in 1821 there were thirty-nine ; in 1824 there were no less than forty- seven, beside the catechists. Nor was it until compelled by the withdrawal of the annual parliamentary grant to the venerable Society in 18-34 that these stations were necessarily and sorrowfully abandoned. Who, my bretliren, can estimate the invaluable benefits thus bestowed by our Church upon the Province generally I No narrow-minded prejudices circumscribed its work. ■\Vliile tlie Gospel was taught in our sanctuaries, the ele- ments of a sound education Avcre imparted in our schools. The influence for good was felt. Hundreds who succeeded in after life in their business were indebted to the instruc- tion received at the hands of these teachers. By many this noble w^ k in a time of need may be forgotten ; but we rejoice to think, liowever little the credit now awarded us by the Province at largo, that our Cliurch was the honored iiiRtrumont by whicli, in "the day of small things,"* the blessings of religion and the benefits of civili- zation were widely spread. _^ ~ * It is (Hiiti- true tlitit in 17"iH scIk""! lots woro rosorvoil in nmny jri'iuits ol' land, but in tlioir tiion wiMoriu'ss state tlicy uWinvd Imt liltif iii.liuicnu'Ut lor a man to onjja^n' himself us a scli<.n1n\ast(«r. (Soo liciMirl S. v. (I. lur tlu' year IH-JU. pp. I'.d, i;',, 14, us to the hopes of the f^ijciety in relci'cuoe to liiese schools.) 26 SERMON. It was not only the plain and clcmentaiy education of yoiUl] which engaged the attention of the Church of England, but that of a higher order was eijuallj its object. Our own College,* the first in these Colonies, honored by a royal charter, dates its history from the arrival of the Bishop. Witli the career of this institution, its occasional adversities, and its successful encounters with them all, those who have this day gathered to its halls are familiar. "VVe need no one to remind us of the vast advantages derived by British North Amoiica from those of every profession who have received their education within its walls. Our register records their names ; England and her Colo- nies record their deeds. The services which it has ren- dered to the Church, both at home and abroad, may be briefly shown. Kot less than one hundred and seven clergymen have been there instructed ;t while of these, seventy have served in the ministry in this Province. Among other important movements of the late Bishop during his administration of the See, was that of forming the Diocesan Church- Society. In its constitution and early management he was materially assisted by the Rev. "\V. Cogswell, of St. Paul's, whose business qualifications ■were only surpassed by his etangelical piety and sound *T1k< Kinjx's ('(j11o>;o, Wiml'^or, was foiiiulod A. D. ITS'.i, iuid ehiir- toiel hy ir. M. Geor;;;.' Ilf., A. 1). isoi). T,, tlio yciir IS.".;',, tlio Act of tli(> I'roviiicial Lojiishitiiro (pa.^sed A. D. ITS'.i) wus rcpcalpd, find aimtlier Act passfl, wliii'li rccoived tlic assent of tlio Qnooii, hy wliicli the tuvmer H(»aiil of (Jovernors was almlislied, and varinio;-aiida of Kind's r<.llcn;c," and in tho " Calcudai- " now iuuiually i»ubUsliud by tilt' Hoard of (iovi'iiiurs. t l^cf ajipcndix for tlic list of names. SERMON. 27 cation of hurch of ts object, nored by al of the iccasional :liem all, familiar. s derived )rofession s. Our ,er Colo- has ren- , may be d seven 3f these, incc. ) Bishop forming tion and ;he Kev. ifications id sound and cliar- fiio Ai't ..r III (umtliur the fdi'iiicr inns iiiailo .sketch of AiiuM'icau ;iiinin^ at lis HUlljOC't o'.'.uula (if ilisliud l.iv learning. Somewhat changed in its mode of procedure of late years, it has assumed more of a missionary character than heretofore ; and in this respect, we may confidently anticipate, it is destined to hold a most important and conspicuous position in our future ecclesiastical affairs.* At a time of pressing want, the truly valuable aid of the Colonial Church and School Society was offered to Nova Scotia.f Their help is now granted to us under the most favorable circumstances ; and though we can scarcely hope to reach the same number of teachers which were once dis- persed throughout the Province by the benevolence of the older Society, we may venture to believe that the time is not far distant when wo shall, in this respect, regair some lost influence for good through their means. From this brief review of the labours of our branch of Christ's Church during the last century, it is impossible to say how far the sacred duties imposed upon it have been fulfilled, or in what degree the results have been commen- surate with its high and holy obligations. As the witness for God, the guardian of morality, and the advocate of * Tlie I>. C. iSocit'ty was oi';j;anizoiI A. D. 18;'7. As its oporaticins have been very fully M't furtii in the reports yearly issued by its secre- tary, there is no necessity to enter more fully at present into its history and useful labours. One thiiifr, lunvcver, connected with this Society must not be passed unnoticed — the l)C(iU('st of ,t!l(llt(l by the lute llev. T. ('. Leaver. M. \. This, it may be contiijently hoped, will be an example which otiiers will follow. It is rather remarkable that the Scholarship foundcil at Kiuff's College, to the memory and name of William CoL'swell, the first secretary to the 1). ('. Society, was suL'.irested by Mr. Leaver, the first contributor on a large scale to the funds of the institution, t The Colonial Church and School Society sent their lirst agent to Nova-Scotia (NFr. Cavie lliciiard.-on) al>out eighteen years since. Ho was removed to I'rince I'.dward Islainl, A. D. ISI7, and an association formed in Halifax. Ileports lia\c been annually publislieil exhibiting their (ifVorts to instruct and evangelize in the more remote ami destitute jiortions of the I'mvince. In the year \X'u the Society einployf'd in Nova-Scotia live clergymen, ten lay mis^^ionaries and teaclier,-, and leu fenuile teaolicrs. 28 SERMON. social and civil order in this peaceful, loyal, and prosperous colony, our communion has, in some degree, discharged its solemn trust. The full result will only be manifest at the great day, Then, we trust, shall gather around the throne of God many Avho have been led to the Saviour by the missionary's voice, wearing on their brows the crown of glory and waving in their hands the palm of victory. The abstracts brought before you to-day are meagre, but he who will diligently and impartially examine the whole history of our Provincial Church, as narrated in the reports and correspondence of the Society, will close his research with two feelings predominant in his mind ; the one, that purer Gospel motives than are often supposed animated the founder of our Colonial Church ; the other, that we owe a deeper debt of gratitude to that noble institution which planted and fostered with tender care our Zion, than he had felt was due. No doubt much has been left undone. The Church may mourn, for its ministers and meml)ors have been alike guilty of neglect. "Time misspent and talents misapplied" may be cliarged upon the collective body as truly as upon individuals. Golden opportunities have been allowed to pass away unimproved. Apathy has now and then settled upon our conmiuiiion and shackled its energies, and we can mark too clearly the scisons of lassitude, or trace the steps of worldliness, and its sad consetpience — case in Zion. It is not in a spirit of pride and self-exaltation that the rise and progress of our Ciiurch is this day called to mind, but in that of gratitude for what God hath enabled us to do, and of humility and sorrow tliat with all our superior ad- vantages we have accomplislied so little in "setting forth His glory and setting forward the salvation of all men." A knowledge of the i)ast may produce two good results, SERMOX. 29 'osperoug irged its st at the le throne ^ hy the 3ro\vn of igre, l)ut le whole 3 reports research 3ne, that latcd the e owe a n Avliich tlian he rch may en alike ipjjlicd" as upon owed to \. settled I we can he steps ion. It the rise ind, but 3 to do, rior ad- ig forth len." results, convincing us that we are members of a Church aclmow- ledgcd and blessed by Him who is Head over all things, and, by the example set by those first heralds who cried in gnr wilder:r^ess, animating us who now fill their places to greater devotedness, more burning zeal, and stronger desire to do the work of evangelists, and make full proof of our ministry. My reverend brethren, though surrounded by so many whose age and experience demand the utmost modesty in my address, I dare not shrink from recalling to your mind the sacred obligations which bind the minister of God. We are laborers in the vineyard : do we cheerfully bear the burden and heat of the day / We are soldiers cf Jesus Christ ; do we valiantly encounter sin upon the wide world's battle field ? As His ambassadors, do we speak fully, fear- lessly, and faithfully for the King of Kings 'I Souls are l»erishing around us every day, and we are in possession of the Gospel's healing balm : do we oifer it with open hand ? j\Ien are dying within the sound of our voices ; do wc eagerly point them to the Lamb of God I In private as in public, do we tell them of Jesus as the sinner's only hope, with an earnestness and warmth which make them believe that we are sincere l IIow awful is our resj)onsibility ! how solemn our position ! God discerns our motives ; men scan and scrutinize our actions. Anxiety for the salvation of souls should characterize every thought and word and \ct. That spirit which aroused St. Paul must impel us to our duty, awakening every energy, clothing every action with nerve and vigour — '-Wo is me, if I jireach not the Gospel." One great leading thcuulit should cnLraii'e our hearts and mould our teaching : "I determined to know nothing among you but Jesu:-: Christ and Ilim crucified." 30 SERMON. With our brethren on this continent, members of the same communion, and once recipients of the same favours as ourselves, we may join as they chaunt their missionary psalm : — * When; Lord, to this our western land, Led by thy Providential hand. Our wandering fathers came, Their ancient homes, their friends in youth,. Sent forth the heralds of Thy truth. To keep them in Thy name. Then through our solitary coast, The desert features soon were lost : Thy temples soon arose ; Our shores, as culture made them fair. Were hallowed by Thy rites, by prayer. And blossomed as the rose. Saviour ! we own this debt of love ; ! shed Tliy Spirit from above. To move each Christian breast, Till heralds shall Tliy truth proclaim, And temples rise to fiy. thy name Through all the desert west. God grant, my brethren, that you and I may be faith^'ul to our trust ; t}iat every member of our communion may be filled Avith gratitu«le for the past, fired with zeal and strengthened Avith faith for the time to come ; that ■with a spirit of union in this our ecclesiastical crisis, wc may raise some permanent memorial inscribed with inspired language BEGVL-i "Hitherto hath the L'n'd helped us." Rev. V o: Ri Kev. sta ht * American Book of Common I'ruyer. tSeco )f the ivours onary lithful 1 mav il and vith »i may spired APPENDIX. LIST OF CLERGYMEN BEGVL-iRLY STATIONED IN NOVA-SCOTIA, AND LICENSED TO OFFICIATE, FROM A. D. 1749 TO A. D. 1858. Those names marked * were educuted at King's College, Windsor. Names. Ai)pnint- ment. Rev. William Tutty 174'.i " Wni. Anwell {recallea).174'.» " Jean Baptiste Moreau. .1749 " John Breynton 1752 " 'Thomas "Wood 170:5 " Joseph Bennett 17tU " Richard Vincent 17C2 •« Pt ulus Bryzelius 17t)7 " J. Eagleson 177' ' " Peter De la Roclie 1771 " William Ellis 1775 " Mather Byles 1770 «' J. W. Weeks 1780 " Jacob Bailey 1782 ** .lames Wiswall 1788 " Bernard Houseal. .... .1785 " Ko}>;er Yiets 178(5 " Richard Money 1787 *' Thomas Shreve 1787 '« W^illiam Walter 1787 ,(Estal)lisliment of Episcopacy.) Right Rev. Chas. Inglis, D. T). 1787 Rev. Archibahl Peane Inglis. 1788 " William Twining 1788 «' John Rowland 178H " Robert Stansert IT'.'l " William Cochran 17'*;} " E. C. VVilloughby 17'.t.'? " David Orniond 1 7''!? *' (Seorge Pidgeon 17''4 " Thomas Lloyd 17'.14 " .lohn Milkvlge 17U5 t Second Bishop of Nova-Soutia. Names Apuoint- Rev. Thomas B. Rowland ... 1 7'J5 William C. King 1797 *Benjarain G. Gray 1797 Robert Norris 1797 Charles W. Weeks 1799 George Wright 1799 •*-John Inglist 1801 *Cyrus Perkins 1806 *Charles Ingles 1811 Roger Viets, jr 1814 *nibbert Binney 181tl *Edwin Gilpin 181rt Rogf;r Aitken 181*} Joseph Wright 1817 G. Best 1817 *J. T. Twining 1817 J. Burnycat 1818 Charles Porter 1819 Thomas Grantham 1819 Gilbert Wiggins 1820 J. Parsons 1821 *Altred Gilpin 1822 *William Gray 1822 *G. W. Morris 1822 *.lamv.3 Shreve 1822 *H. Nelson Arnold 1822 Henry llavdon 1828 *.]. C. CochVan 1824 Robert Willis 1825 *R. F. Uniackc 1825 *W. B. King 1825 Ivhvard Wix 182t'. Edward Lewis Benwell.l82t) Third Bishop of Nova-Scotia. 32 .^PPEVLIX. Names. *Rcv. M. 15. Deslnisay. I B. AVigjrins Wooksf Aiijioint- I iiifiit. ..1S27 ..is:27i junv ISliT .1. T. T. Moody 1^27 Fnuiois Wlmlicy 182^ *.)olm M. Campbell 1H28 *G. S. .Jiivvis 1820 n'hoinas I[. V/liite 182'.) ('lun-lcs Ellidt 1829 Mosopli H. C'lincli 18211 Moim S. Ckrke 182'.t J. Connolly 18;U) Geov-re DoJswortli 18;50 *.T. L. Trininiingliiim. . . 1881 .J:\rncs UobL'rtf-on 18ul *.Jolui Stevenson 181)2 *n. L. Owen 18:52 *Cliarlcs Shreve 18;12 *William Coi^swell 1833 *Archibaia Gray 1834 *Gcovge Townshend 1834 *Tlioma.s Cole Leaver. . . . 1834 John Stannagn 1834 *Georgc McCawley 1830 *A. D. Parker 1837 R. J. Uniackc 1837 N. Allen Coster 1837 *AV. 11. Snyder 1837 J. Storrs 183U T. N. Dcwolfe 1840 llobcrt Janiieson 1840 n'liomas ISIaynard 1841 J. W. Disbrow 1841 *W. M. Godfrey 1841 William Bullock 1841 G. AV. Weinbecr 1841 K. Avery 1841 Mames Stewart 1842 Jl. Arnold 1843 ...1843 ...1844 ... 1 844 ...1845 ...1847 ...1847 1847 anie.s Breading 1847 Joseph For.'^ytlie 1847 *W. Tavlor 1847 ^'George W. Hill 1847 Johu'l)ixon 184'J *P. J. Filleul *L. M. W. Ifill ^Arthur AV. Millidue *K. E. B. Nichols.".'. *llobort Bi • le *Kd\vin Gilpin, jimr *W.T. .Morris * nieiit. Rev. Ediimnd Maturin 1840 " *ir. J. Jarvis 1840 " *FosterH. Almon 1850 " J.Bartlett 1850 " J. B.Smith 18.")0 " *H. M. Spike 1850 Right Rev. Ilibbert Biniiey. . .1851 Rev. Henry Stamcr 1851 " T. 1). Ruddle 1851 " *W. Stuart 1851 " *J. Ambrose 1851 " *R. Heber Bullock* 1851 " *J. J. Ritchie 1851 " J. Alexander 1852 " *W. R. Cochran 1852 " John Griffiths 1852 " Thomas Dunn 1852 " *R. Simonds 1853 " *J. S. Smith 1853 " H. L. Ewens M853 " *I{. D. Deblois 1854 " S. D.Green 18.54 " *G. T. Jarvis 1854 " John Pearson 1 854 " *D. W. Pickett 1854 " *R. Payne 1852 " A. Jordan 1853 " J. H. Clare 1855 " Philip Tocque 1855 " *H. n. Hamilton 1855 " *C. Bowman 1856 " *J. M. Hensley 1850 " J. H. Drumm 1850 " *Jolm Ramlall 18-56 " *Thomas Crisp 18-50 " John Steele 1850 " AV. E. Gelling 18-50 " J. Forsythe, junr 1857 " John li. Good 18.58 " *Waltcr S. Gray 1858 " *J. J. Hill 18-58 " *(). M. Grindon. . .• 18-58 " *J.AV.Tays 1858 C.\PE BUKTOX. Rev. Ranna Cc^^sit 1785 " Robert Ferryman 1810 " James A. Shaw 1828 " AV. Y.Porter 1840 '^ AVilliaui Elder 1841 i APPENDIX. 33 \ U\ iuUlition to tlie furcjioiiijv, tlicre Iiave J)eon several clcrffvmon stii- ti )iie(l 111 Aovu-Scotia ti-t beiii.c; in cluirji-e of !i imvisli, — tlie Kev F N.lt ,111(1 Ucv. J. Mull..iiana, I'riuoipals of tlie Co/-giate School at Tlio .lates of appointment liave l.een taken, in all practicable cases ti-oin tlie.///-.s7 appearance of tlie names In the reports of the Society for The I ropu-ation of the Gospel. Hence there may occasionally be a 'late siibse.|iient to the actual ordination a-i.l appointment of the per«oii mentione.1. It will also be observed that the numl)er does not quite reach that staled in the text, but would do so if the clerfry of Prince Ldward Islan.l were included. Althouoji great pains have been taken to make this list jierfect, it may be that there are some omissions. This must not, however, be too readily decided on, as investigation would sl'.ow that many clero-ymen who olficiated in the Province from time to time, an- -.•ho..e names are tamiliar, were not regularly stationed liere. but simply on a visit. LIST OF TARISHES IN i\OVA-SCOTIA. In Nova-Scotia and Cape Breton there are thirtv-one parishes. Tliese Avcre erected by order in Council, bearing date as follows : Jtionv,* Novombor 17, 1785. I'AHiisnnni)', DfCMiibcr 21, ITSti. rinusT's ''urncii, ((iuyshoi-u) Co. Sv,lncy. May 1, ITSS f-T. 1'at)UCK, On. ,SlicI' .--•-- iiirue, Ain-il 7, 17S(» 1702. t iimsT's CiiriHH, Wiiulsoi-, Co. Hants, November 26, ISO-t. i^T. I'Aii.'s, KawJoii, Co. Hants, Mairli 4, IbOO. .SACKvii.i.r;, Co. Jralifax, May lii, 1804. ^T. \akk, Townsbi)) and Co. Annapolis, Fi'bvnary 20, 1811. !^r. .(a.mh;s, NL-wnun, Co. Hants, .May :;o, 1814. St. tiKDuiiK, b'al uth, Co. Hants. January 10, 1814. I'lUNrrY Ciiiiuii, Co. Sydney, (Antiironish) December 31 1833 St. .Toiin, Coldiester, Co. f'obniarv 27, isiio. St. (iKoitcK, I'n^'uasli, Co. Cumbei'land, Febniarv IT, 1S38. Ci,K,Mi;\TH, Co. Annaiiolis, ,(uno 14, 1S41. St. Jamks, Co. I'icton, Oi'KjIier 4, 1S32 St. I'AII.'S, Halifax, Co. Halifax, I'roy. Stat. 1759. St. (i|.;()iii,K's, Halifax, Co. JIalifax. 1827. TiUiisT's Cm R( II, AinlKTst, Co. CumberlanJ, no date. CoHNWALI-LS AND HoRTo.v, no (late. ^'Al;M(l|•Tll, no date. Sr. !Mauy'.s, Aylesford, February. 1701. lavKKPooi.. Co. (incens, 1820. JjNKxiii u(i, iKMla.e. Ni;w I»(i)i,T\, Oelnber 2S, 1S30. St.