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(^mmB Inturrattii

KINGSTON, ONTARIO

PRESBYTEMAI^ UNION

AND

* <

Mt §ii^lUp ^tteistiuftt

AN ALUMNUS OF QUEEN'S COLLEGE. ,.•

• • « I
t • • •

-»»«-

PRINTED nV

WM. BAILIE.

1871.

Flo 28

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• 1 1 • •

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• •

• t f

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f • • • •

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t • • •

• • • *

• • •

Froude in his address on Calvinism remarks : "Tliere are epidemics
of nobleness as well as epidemics of disease." So, we may observe that
at some periods epidemics of disunion prevail — at otlurs, epidemics of
union. Even a superficial observer of the signs of the times may dis-
cern that the present era is marked by a strong yearning for re-union
among Presbyterians in every part of the world. May we not hope as
well as pray for the day when Pam-F resbyterianism, no less than Pan-
Episcopacy, shall see iti scattered members assembled in one great
family-gathering ! In the Australian Colonies the Scottish immigrants
nought for a time to reproduce in that remote continent the walls of di-
vision which separated the several sections of Presbyterianism in the
land of their birth : but ere many years their national common-sense
and Christian patriotism taught them that they owed allegiance to
their new home as well as loyalty to their old, that they must live
for the future and not for the past. A calm survey of the religioue
destitution sure to end in practical heathenism, that prevailed in the
districts into which settlers were pouring, constrained them to sink
their differences and foria a phalanx of workers combined to battle with
the common foe and more effectually overtake the spiritual wants of
their countrymen in these new settlements. The result of this move-
ment has been not merely union but unity— amalgamation as well as
incorporation. In the United States the great river of Presbyterianism,
which upwards of thirty years ago had divided and branched off into
separate channels, last year became again a united and thus more
powerful stream, imparting fuller and fresher currents of life to the
country which it waters, and has thus been rendered a mightier power
for the evangelization of that vast country. And now Canada has
caught the epidemic.

For several years the opinion has been silently gaining strength from
East to West, that the time had arrived when the differences that
kept apart the two great divisions of Presbyterians should cease, and
that henceforward they should carry on their great work as a united
body. There had been a " time " for disruption, and Providence had
evolved good from it ; now was the " time " for reunion, and the same
Providence appeared to be opening the way for a happy " repairing of
the breaches." In many places, more especially in embryo towns and
frontier townships, there might be seen a state of things which was a
reproach to .'resbyterianism and a scandal to religion. Two rival
causes planted side by side struggled for existence. And what was tlie

inevitable result ? A mere waste of power, a prodigal Bquandering of
vital energies. There was presented the unteemly spectacle of a con.
test waged not against the worldly and ungodly elements that abound-
ed on every side, but agcinst the membership of one another. It par-
took of the character, and had inherent in it all the bitterness of a life
and death struggle. Oth«r denominations looked on and saw two
ministers in process of starvation, worse still, saw the religion, which
breathes love and peace and good will to men, starved by a condition
of things, which engendered rancour and jealousy, and delight In the
fall of others, which tended to confound zeal for a sect with zeal for the
honour of God. Were these two struggling causes merged into one
charge, one minister would be decently supported ; mutual building up
and not mutual pulling down would occupy the energies of the member-
ship ; and tlie other minister would be set free to go as a labourer into
the destitute fields in the far West and North that now send to us in
vain the Macedonian cry. Not only would more men be thus rendered
available for these Mission Fields ; but also morr- money for the mainte-
nance of these Missionariei.

In view of these and other weighty considerations, practical men in
both Churches at length took heart publicly to ask : " Can nothing
be done to remedy this sad state of matters ? Is it not our duty to re-
move tlie reproach so oft flung at us by the enemy ; "see how these
Presbyterians hate one another *?" Why waste our energies in civil warV
Can any reason that will stand the fire of trial at the judgment day be
shown, why we should not merge into one our now separate organiza-
tions, so as to form one powerful regiment and rally once more under
the good old Banner of the Covenant ? Superstition, ritualism, avowed
irreligion are around us, everywhere active and aggressive ; the vast
North-West is opening its gates, into which will set at no distant day a
full tide of immigration ; and must Presbyterinnism be crippled by its
divisions and thus prevented from gaining that position in the Dominion
for which its powers of usefulness so eminently fit it ? Are its sous not
called upon to prepare to assume the obligations imposed by this
prospect so as to pour in Missionaries on the cresi of each fresh tide of
immigration into these new regions ? " The confederation of the several
Provinces into one Dominion gave a powerful impulse to this feeling.
The sentiment that a union of all the Presbyterians in British North
America was desirable at length rii)ei ed into the conviction that it
was practicable ; and with remarkable unanimity, the Supreme Courts
of the four organizations into which Presbyterians are divided appointed
Delegates to meet at Montreal, tor the purpose of considering whether,
in view of the many and vital points on which all were agreed, separa-
tion could any longer be j ustifled. In the selection of the Delegates, one
object among others seems to have been specially aimed at, that all
shades of opinion should be fairly represented in the Convention. It
was composed of men both of the conservative and advanced types ox

iderinj? of

of a con-
t abound-
•. It par-
.8 of a life

saw two
r)n, which
condition
ht In the
!al for tlie

into one
lilding up
) member-
aurer into
i to us in

rendered
le mainte-

xl men in
1 nothing
uty to re-
low these
civil warV
nt day be
organiza-
)re under
[1, avowed
; the vast
tant day a
)led by its
Dominion
8 sons not
i by this
jsh tide of
he several
is feeling,
ish North
an that it
me Courts
appointed
r whether,
3d, separa-
igates, one
t, that all
■ntion. It
d types of

tliought ; Fx-oe Church, United Presbyterian, Burgher and Church of
Scotland; Old Countrymen and Canadians; both Lowlanders and High-
landers. ThoBo Delegates appear to have met in the spirit of their
Master, animated with the resolute determination, that, if n union could
bo elFected without sacrifice of priiicii)lo on either side— such a union aB
would bo productive of strength and not weakness— a union calculated
to prove harmonious and durable, it should be effected. The result of
their deliberations was the unanimous adoption of a Basis of Union,
inclusive of all essential points, and at the same time tolerant and com-
prehensive. Supplementary to it was a resolution anent what is termed
"the College question." Thiu also was unanimously agreed to by
these ministers and elders, representatives of the sev ral ChurchoH, men
supposed to possess the confidence and express the views of the several
negotiating bodies. We have reason to believe that the Synod of the
Presbyterian Church of Canada in connection with the Church of Scot,
land will not repudiate but, on the contrary, cordially adopt the work
of their representatives and the " assembled wisdom " of the Churches
and send it down to Presbyteries, with a view to receive the approval
of these Courts, preparatory to ratification by the Supreme Court.

We learn, however, with surprise and regret, that opposition to the
supplementary resolution anent " the College question " has been
threatened from certain influential quarters in the Canada Presbyterian
Church. This opposition, we imagine, has arisen, to some extent at
least, from a misunderstanding of the position on this question assumed
by the Convention. That body may not have been ; in fact, we think
they were not sufficiently clear and explicit on the point. The terras
employed to express their views appear unfortunately to give colour to
the opinion entertainsd by the parties above referred to, that they were
theorizing, not dealing with facts ; proposing the establishment of a
iich' University, not recognising a long existing, firmly established and
well equipped Institution. That wide-spread objection to the estab-
lishment of a new University would be raised, we can readily conceive,
as the belief is general that already too many University Charters are
in operation, at least in the Province of Ontario ; and to add another to
the number would be to aggravate the evil. But Dr. Taylor, Dr. Topp
and Dr. Snodgrass, leading members of that Convention, and therefore
entitled to be heard with authority as to what was meant, have assured
us that they did not propose to establish a new Institution, but referred
to the University of Queen's College in the clause to which objection
has been taken.

Lest, however, opposition should still be made to the adoption of
Queen's University and College, as it is and wJiere it is, so that it shall
hold tc the United Church th» relation which it now occupies to one of
the negotiating Churches, we publish this pamphlet in the hope that
it may aid in clearing up some points on which a haziness of view
seems to prevail.

Ah tlie (3xact natiiro of the relation between tlio Church and CoUoge
haH been apparently misconceived, let us distinctly ascertain what this
relation is.

The University and College is governed by a Board of 87 Trustees^
These pfentlemen ajjphint the Professors and control the InstitutioD.
The Board is composed of the Principal, eleven other clergymen and
fifteen laymen. The Clerical element is elected directly by the Synod.
The lay members are chosen in the following manner. Each Con-
gregation in the Church has the privilege of nominating triennially
out of its own membership or the raemborship of the Church generally
a representative, to bo one of a list out of whom are chosen the requisite
number. If any Congregation fails to elect a representative, the list
from which the lay Trustees are selected is so much curtailed. Some-
times it happens that the same person is nominated by two or more
Congregations. Through this machinery a Board is formed partly
through the Synod and chiefly through the Congregations, composed
of persons in whose character, judgment and orthodoxy the whole
Church has confidence and who (it is assured) will on the whole right"
ly discharge the trust reposed in them. That during the last 30 years
they have discharged their trust in a highly conscientious way, none
can gainsay. Denominational the Institution may have been, sec-
tarian it has not been. More than half „ho Students who have attended
its classes were connected with other denominations ; yet, while assid-
uous care over their moral and religious welfare has been evinced, not
a single charge has ever been even insinuated that it was used as an
engine for proselytising purposes. Such is the extent of the connection
between the College and the Church. Even if it were only a Theologi-
cal Hall, a Board of Trustees or Governors would be required, elected in
some such way as the above. Its functions would be different only in
this respect that, instead of having the appointment of seven or eight
Professors, this patronage would be exercised in the case of only two
or three.

We can see many strong reasons wherefore it would be advantage
ous to the United Church to have associated with it the University of
Queen's College as it is ; no weighty reason why the Church should
not desire to have it, applying as it does, to be received not tVi pauperis
forma but possessed of a valuable endowment.

This important question cannot be rightly understood unless we
draw sharply and clearly the distinction between a University and a
College. In the objections that have been taken to the proposal of the
Convention, these two things seem to have been jumbled together,
rendering it difficult to perceive whether the objectors are opposed to
the connection of the Church with the University feature of the Insti-
tution, or with the Arts Faculty, or both.

What is a University ?

A University is simply a Board, technically termed a Senate. TIub

and CoUpfre
n what thlB

7 TriiBteei,
Inntitution.
ffymon and
the Synod.
ICach Con-
trionnially
li genorally
be roquisite
ve, the list
ed. Somo-
wo or more
(ned partly
I, composed
the whole
r\\o\(i right"
3t 30 years
way, none
been, sec-
70 attended
(rliile assid-
^rinced, not
used as an
connection
i Theologi-
, elected in
int only in
in or eight
only two

id vantage
iversity of
•ch should
u pauperis

unleea we
sity and a
osal of the
together,
tpposed to
' the Insti-

Board prescribes a curriculum, lays down a programme of studies, fixes
upon a standard to be reached by Buccessful candidates for Acad<'niic
distinction, and appoints examiners. It exists not for instruction,
(that is the work of a College) but examination ; not for imparting an
Educatiimal training or communicating information on literary and
scientific subjects but for testing the results of this training. The Ex-
aminers, whom it appoints, examine such Students as may be sent up
by the College or CoUegi* affiliated to it ; and to such candidatts, as
have reached the prescribed standard and have thus beitn found ([uali-
fled, the University awards a certificate of qualification in the form of
a Degree.

A University may have affiliated to It one College or several Colleges.
These may exist in oi.e locality, or in places widely remote. The
University of Oxford has 20 affiliated Colleges, all within the town of
Oxford. The University of London has affiliated Colleges scattered
throughout England and some of the Colonies. While the University
of Edinburgh (prescribed in the Uoyal Charter of Queen's as its model)
has only one College. Practically the last named form exists In
Ontario. The University of Toronto has University College ; Victoria
University has Victoria College ; Queen's University has Queen's
College.

The writer Is an advocate for more than one University in the
Province. Not that he approves of the present condition of University
Education In Ontario. Without doubt too many charters have been
granted. They were accorded with a fatal facility to all and sundry
who applied for them in the closing days of the regime which preceded
Confederation. But Queen's is not responsible for this state of things.
It is the oldest in operation. We wish then to be regarded as advocates
of the vse, not the abuse. The attitude of Queen's to the Higher
Education of the country Is that alone with which we have to do.

Who will say that England has not been the better of possessing
Cambridge as well as Oxford ? And these were founded centuries
ago, when population was sparse. Look at Germany where higher
learning flourishes more vigorously than in any other country. How
many Universities has =5he, and we have yet to learn that injurious
results have accrued from the multiplicity and variety of these — that any
agitation has ever been set on foot for the concentration of them.
Would any one in his sober senses propose to destroy the University
of Edinburgh or Glasgow or Aberdeen or St. Andrew's, and these were
all in full vigour when the population of Scotland was not larger than
that of Ontario at the present day. To propose such a thing would be
deemed a retrograde step. We believe that the educational interests
of the country can best be advanced by having a variety of institutions,
sach characterized by some distinctive feature. Thus Oxford is
regarded as the special home, as Ihe chief patron of the Classics and
Philosophy ; Cambridge of Mathematics ; London of the Natural

SclenccH. IjitV> and uniformity aro v«ry far from b^ilnff By^.nymonl.
II(!ar ProfuHflor Htiwloy, t!io accoinpliHhod ProfusHor of liUtin in
UnivorHity v'ollojfo, London, one of the foremoHt oducationistfl of the
day {iiitle EssayH on a Liburftl lOdiication, pp. 140) : " Education, in fact,
in Eiijflund in vvliat tlio llnivorfllties chooso to raaisn it. This H<H)m8to
m«! too (j^rcat a i)owiT to bo posHesHftd by two cori)orationB, liowovcr
vonoraltto and illuHtrloiis, especially slnco w« know them to have grown
up under very pocaliar circ MstanceH, and to be fortified by endow-
innntH against all modorn influoncoH, good or bad. I wIhIi wo had
Heveral more Univorsitios ; I moan teaching an well as examining
UniverHltlea. I hope that the Hchc^mc, wlilch was announced some
time ago, f)f creating a Unlverwlty for Mancliester will not be allowed
to sleep. I should like to Hee similar schemes Btarted In hree or four
more centres of population and Industry. Could any investment of
money in pliilanthrojjy bo loss questionable at this timj? Is there
anything more unthmiable than tliat our material ])rogresH has outrun
our intellectual,— thai vo want more cultivation, more of the higher
education, more ideas?"

The only country In the world which, so far as I am aware, hn8
adopted the one-University idea is France. Arrayed against this Is
the practice of Englard, Scotland, Iridand, Germany, Belgium, Switzer-
land, &c., in the old world, and that of the United States in the new.
The case stands France vs. the rest of the educated world. Canada !
which is to bo your model? University Education Is one of those
things on \;^hlch very varied opinions are lield, and there should be no
cast-iron rule for each and all —no one mould into which to force our
Institutions, else symmetry and uniformity may be gained at the
expense of life, or at least of a healthy condition. Some look to
information merely, and would confer a degree on any one who was
able to pass a prescribed examination, though that might be the result
of cramming and he had not attended college for a session. Others
lay stress upon educational training and the advantages to be derived
from going througha regular curriculum at a fully equipped Institu-
tion, Some esteem of highest value the ancient — others modern
studies. One University favours the English— another the Scottish
type of education. And as there are varying tastes and opinion, so
there should be a choice of Universities. Monopoly is the worst foe
of healthy education as of healthy trade. Competition stimulates and
prevents stagnation. No true reformer should advocate a system that
would crush wholesome rivalry and spirited emulation.

That a scheme of affiliation was not carried out some years ago is
not the fault of the authorities of Queen's College. Such a Scheme
was submitted by Principal Leitch to the Senate of the University of
Toronto. That Board, however, was opposed to it mainly, we believe,
from a fear that tlie representatives of the Colleges other than
University College, in the Senate proposed to be formed, would swamp

I
I

Latin in
liHtH of the
ion, in fact,
is H(!oma to
H, liowovcr
iftve grown
by endow-
A\ wo haci
examining
incod some
be allowed
iree or four
estmont of
? Is there
has outrun
the higher

aware, h«,8
inst this is
m, Switzer-
in the new.
Canada !
le of those
lould be no
[) force our
ned at the
ne look to
le who was
B the result
m. Others
be derivdd
ped Institu-
srs modern
he Scottiah
opinion, so
e worst foe
lulates and
jystem that

ears ago is
I a Scheme
liversity of
we believe,
3ther than
)uld swamp

' 1

thow of tlint InHtitut'.itn. Into nuch a Hchenie of ntil'iatlon Queen'i
might liav(! entered at tluvt time with comimrntive safety ^^ )ier interest!
as cireumBtanocH then witc, inflnmuc' m \ common interest in the
continuance of the I.egisliitive (JrantH would have been a tie, connect-
\vn all the IliHtitulions tlius 'nien-nted. Now, how»!ver, that tliece
(JrantH have l)een forever withdrawn, thlH tie has been Bundercd ; raid
Queen's has littlfi in common with these t)ther Colleges in matten; of
general policy, llenc*^ slu^ could not rely on tiiein an her natural allies,
as she formerly did. In th'H changed situation, Qufen's could not
trui/. her intereutH with safety, at any rate with confidence to a Senate,
whe)-e the preponderating influence would bo wielded by tlie repre-
sentatives of University Colleger, an Institution that has long regarded
liisr witli unfriendly '"eelings. The Kingston rival could not be
assured that fidr-play would be constantly exercised in the appointment
of Examiners.

Pray, what gain to the cour "V, what benefit to Queen's would
accrue from the surrender of her charter and her agroef ng to go into a
scheme of Ontario afniiatir . i' A degree from Queen's has now as
;,igh a value, say at the University of Kdinburgh, as would a degree
conferred by a University of Ontario, were such instituted. For
upwards of 20 years a succo8.-ion of alumni from Queen's College have
gone to finish their stu'lies, or after finishing them, take an additional
Bessi(m at the Universities of Scotland i)T Germany ; and almost
invariably they have earnt^d h' ,h distinction. And these were not
always men who occupied the higliest i)08ition in the Canadian classes.
Let us confine ourselves to t!ie last six years. One carried off the
degree of B.D. with distinguished liouour. A second bore away with
eclat the degree of Doctor of Science. And within the past three
months a young gentleman, who came oat No. 3 in the Pass List of
Queen's won one of the chief prizes in the gift of the University of
Edinburgh, his competitor being a First-class Honour Graduate of the
University of London.

Now that the several British Provinces in the northern half of this
continent have been united in Confederation, why do not the admirers
of the t;ne-Universi+y idc-. advocate the establishment of one University
for the Dominion, to be called the University of Canada 'I Tht leading
argument in support of their favourite idea, which these advance, is that
Canadian Degrees would have a higher value— would receive more
wide-spread recognition in the educational world, if there was only
one fountain for Academic distinction, a uniform standard oy which
to vest the qualifications of aspirants to these honours. Looking at the
quedio vexata from cheir point of view, if this end would be more
likely to bo gained by an Ontario University than by the present sys-
tem, a fortiori it would be secured in a still higher degree by a
Dominion University. Moreover, the adoption of such a scheme,
would, we conceive, be attended with fewer practical diflacuities

than the one proposed of having a single Degree granting Board
for the Province of Ontario. Such a scheme, we should suppose,
the authorities of Queen's College might be disposed to take into grave
consideration. We are of opinion, that she might safely trust herself
to a Senate, in which seats would be, allotted to the representatives of
McGill, Dalhousio and Fredericton Colleges. The Scottish type of
education pursued at Kingston would, in such a case, be likely to
secure due recognition— the candidates for Academic honours whom
she sent up to pass the ordeal of the Central Board of Examiners might
reasonably expect fair and impartial treatment.

Even if the idea here broached became an established fact, and
there came to be but one University for Canada, with affiliated
Colleges scattered through the several Provinces from Halifax to
Victoria— even in such a contingency. Queen's would require to
preserve intact, and maintain in active operation that portion ot
her Royal Charter which grants power to confer Degrees in Di-
vinity, as well as the Honorary Degree of L.L.D. To this preroga-
tive the Corporation of the University attach great importance. Our
ambition is to render the land of our adoption a fac-simile in all that is
good of the land of our origin— to reproduce in Canada all that has
tended to make Scotland what she is— to elevate it by diffusing higher
education, imparted under religious influences, and making it accessible
to the struggling son of poverty, as to the youth bred in the home of
affluence or comfort. In stating this to be our aim, we mean no
offence to Ulster Presbyterians ; for them we regard simply as Scotch-
men making their home in Ireland, as we are Scotchmen living on
'.,b,nadian soil. In the interests of a Christianity that shall command
»he reverence of the Miltons of literature and the : -wtons of science-
animated by motives of the highest patriotism— following in the foot-
steps of Knox and Chalmers, we de "re to keep up the standard of a
highly educated as well as pious and devoted Ministry. Our pulpits
must be filled with men of power— men thoroughly fitted to be
champions of the truth, bulwarks for its defence in an age when the man
of science assumes to sit in the chair of the scorner and shape a wreatli
of laurels for himself by plucking the crown of thorns from the brow
of the Crucified One— men possessed of the versatility and scholastic
resources of Paul, who could worst the Jews of Thessalonica by the
use-polished sword of the Spirit taken from the armoury of Sacred
"Writ, and confront the philosophers of Athens with weapons purchased
by the brain-sweat of his early y*;ars from their own poetd. Our
pastors must be men of erudition and culture, as well as skill in Bible
lore. Such is the high aim at which we aspire. With any point short
of this we must not content ourselves, nor come down to a low educa-
tional St ndard to accommodate ourselves to the wants of the hour.
For we may rest assured that a meanly-equipped ministry will
inevitably result in a poorly paid pastorate, and this will induce a

ing Board
d suppose,
into grave
■UBt herself
ntatives of
all type of
e likely to
aura whom
ners might

d fact, and
ti affiliated
Halifax to
require to
portion of
rees in Di-
is preroga-
ance. Our
a all that is
11 that has
sing higher
it accessible
he home of
e mean no

Y as Scotch-
a living on
11 comniand
of science —

in the foot-
mdard of a
Our pulpits
tted to be
len the man
ipe a wreath
m the brow
id scholastic
mica by the
•y of Sacred
18 purchased
poetd. Our
ikill in Bible

Y point short
a low educa-
of the hour,
linistry will
ill induce a

pondition of things in our manses, calculated to repel the youth of
talent and spirit. In these days of active research and specu-
lative inquiry among the votaries of literature and science, who in so
many instances are led away by the wisdom of this world to hold in
light estimation the wisdom of the cross, the demands of the pulpit
are rising every hour. Hence each and every inducement that may
tend to stir up our ministers to keep abreast of the age in which we
live-that may win them from turning their backs forever, when they
leave the halls of their Alma Mater, upon the laboratory of the chemist,
the studies of the naturalist, the disenchanting wand of the compara-
tive mythologist, must bo highly prized. Now it has been found in
the old country that the hope of adding to his name in the ^id-time ot
his days, or even in the evening of his life, those mystic le.. .-s D.D or
L L D as a sign of high professional acquirements, or as a public
acknowledgement of services rendered in the cause of Nature's God
acts as a powerful stimulus to the maintenance of a high degree of
intellectual power and scientific culture among the clergy. And to
what source for the attainment of these Degrees, can our Canadian-
educated ministers naturally look ? Not certainly to the Universities
of Scotland, for these cannot be expected to know them unless they
shall have acquired a world-wide celebrity. Not to those in the
United States, as diplomas from the great majority of these Institutions
do not secure a high meed of respect on this side of the St. Lawrence.
Hence in any case it is an admitted necessity that the right to confer
such Degrees, conveyed by Royal Charter to the University of Queen's
College must be strictly preserved, that thus an avenue to Academic
recognition may be open to such ot our ministers as have earned
theological, literary or scientific distinction.

Were such a Dominion University established, we hold that affilia-
tion >vith it should be open to all suitably equipped Colleges, no matter
by whom founded or controlled ; whether by the State, by a Church,
by a Municipality or an individual. When any College presents itself
and asks for affiliation, the sole conditions of admission insisted on
should be that it conform to the uniform curriculum, adopt the pre-
scribed programme of studies and have a Professorial Staff sufficient
to educate up to the required standard. No question should be asked
as to its connections. To refuse admission to it because instituted or
governed directly or indirectly through a Church, were to pursue a
policy of proscription, were intolerant in the last degree. This would
be to place under a ban a very large portion of the community, who
will entrust the higher education of their sons, when away from the
wholesome influences of home-when the minds of these are inmost
plastic state and most susceptible ot iufiueP.ce from the associations
that surround them-only to men for the exercise by whom of a healthy
influence over the religious principles of these, they have what is re-
garded by them as a sufiicient guarantee. Tf tliese people are denied

i'i I

If! {

;t !

the right of obtaining a Degree in Arts for their sons, because these
have been educated at a College in which they have confidence — a
College, moreover, that is endowed wholly out of private resources
and receives not one cent from the public treasury — they will suffer
from as illiberal and narrow a policy aa that against which educational
reformers in England are warring, the limitation of Degrees from the
old Universities to thoie who accept the Thirty-nine Articles. A no-
church shibboleth is as much a relic of the persecuting and intolerant
spirit of the dark ages as an all-church shibboleth. Class legislation is
abhorrent to the spirit of this country and age. What then are
we to think of the dictation that would close the avenue to University
honours against those who have received their education at a certain
College, because it was connected with a Church, that is an association
of professedly religious men ; but would accord recognition to another
College, though governed by men who had formed an association on
the ground that they did not believe in Churches. Such theorists re-
gard the connection of a Church with an Institudon for higher learn-
ing as a species of educational small-pox. Carry out the principles of
these to their legitimate issue, and they would recognize a Seminary
founded and endowed by a Qlrard, whose charter breath( d the strong-
est avi rsion to Clergymen and religion — a College founded and en-
dowed by the Plymouthites, whose creed is a no-creed, who scout the
name of a sect, and whose association is founded on the basis that they
are not a church ; while they would put the stigma of reproach and
exclusion upon an Institution, no matter how efficient or popular — no
matter how thoroughly it performed its work or how deeply it was
seated in the affections of a large portion of the community, simply for-
sooth because it was founded, endowed and maintained in efficiency by a
Church. We will tone down our indignation to the faintest shade and
simply ask, would such a policy be calculated to further the interests of
higher education in this Canada of ours — to secure University -bred men
from all classes — to turn out the largest number of well-trained gradu-
ates for the service of the Country in every department of public lite ?
We hold that there is no standing-ground that can be maintained
intermediate between the system at present in operation and one Uni-
versity for the Dominion. The advocates of the one-University idea rest
their argument on the greater value that would thus be placed on
Canadian Degrees — on the higher and more general respect that would
be accorded to them, among the savans of other lands. To be consist-
ent, therefore, their energies should be directed to the attainment of
this end, which might be secured by the joint action of the several
Provinces. While Queen's might feel that her interests would not be
endangered l:.y the adoption of such a Scheme and that she could safe-
ly trust herself in a Senate, in which representatives of the Colleges
already named had a seat and an influence ; yet it is very evident that
she would greatly prefer to maintain her separate iudividuaiiiy. There

ause these
ifidence — a

resources
will suffer
jducational
8 from the
les. A no-
intolerant
gislation is

then are
UniverBity
,t a certain
association
to another
ociation on
lieorists re-
gher learn-
rinciples of
I Seminary
the strong-
ed and en-
3 Bcout the
is that they
jroach and
opular — no
iply it was
, simply for-
ciency by a
; shade and
interefits of
y-bred men
ined grada-
public lit© ?

maintained
id one Uni-
ty idea rest
! placed on
that would
be consist-
laiument of
the several
Duld not be
could safe-
le Colleges
tvident that
ity. There

xre many reasons wherefore she should do bo. Not, be it observed,
that we believe there ought to be a necessary connection between re-
ligion and a University, regarding a University simply as a Board
whose functions are to examine candidates for Degrees and award
certificates of qualification in the form of Diplomas. It is on other
grounds that we esteem it to be the duty of the Board of Trustees to
retain their University Charter unimpaired. These are briefly as fol-
lows Since the unanimous voice of their corporation, that is, the
whole constituency of the Church, expresses the determination not to
surrender in any case the power to confer Honorary and Divmity De-
grees they may as well retain the whole charter as it is. Queen's is
conscious of having done as much as any Institution in the country in
her individual capacity to elevate and impart a high tone to University
Education. She has an honourable history of thirty years. She has
now a long line of graduates filling useful positions in every profession
in a manner fitted to reflect credit on their Alma Mater, to establish
their claims to the Degrees which they have received and to be bene-
ficial to the country. The affection which «hey bear to her, the pride
with which they regard her has been recently proved in her trial-hour,
when they rallied around her and nobly made sacrifices to perpetuate
h-r existence. None of them is past mid-life-most of them have not
been many years engaged in the great life-struggle— many of them
are in the ministry, which in this new country cannot be regarded as
remunerative in a pecuniary sense, and yet the aggregate of the con-
tributions of 60 of her sons amounts to $10,000, averaging $166 to each.
Certainly the considerations should be of very pressing importance that
would constrain her to sunder the Academic tie that binds her to such
alumni. Moreover, by remaining as she is, she is free to follow with-
out trammels of any kind her own method of University Education,
free to select the studies to which she attaches prime importance, and
possesses unrestricted liberty to choose whatever crucial process she
may deem best fitted to test the results of the Collegiate training which
applicants for her Degrees may have received. At any rate let her
continue as she is, until the Scheme of a Dominion University has
been consummated. It is now too late in the day to propose an Ontario
Scheme of aflaUation The time has passed for that, as she now draws
not a fraction of her revenue from the Government CoflTers ot that
Province. Queen's is a Quebec as much as an Ontario Institution.
Her corporation extends over both Provinces. The contributions to
her Endowment lund have come from both sources ;— Montreal alone
giving upwards of $26,000. Gentlemen ! drop hobbies-cast theories
to the winds-tell us plainly, what practical injury has accrued either
to Presbytcria :ism, to University Education, or to the country, from
Queen's University and College as it has been managed during the
past thirty years. On you lies the onus of proving this.

Having diHCUBsed the University aspect of the question in its

8'!'!

'tl

\i:

several bearings, we proceed now to examine the Collegiate feature of
the Institution.

Is it to the connection between the Church and the Arts' Faculty
that objection is raised ?

If the relation between these be serered, and the Arts' Faculty be
divorced from all connection with the denomination that has founded
and endowed it, what do the opponents of our policy propose to do
with it ? Sell it to the Government ! Admit for a moment the very
improbable supposition that the Church would be disposed to pai-t
with that which has materially contributed to make her a power in
the land, would the Government be disposed to come down to the
House with a suitable vote in tlie estimates for the purpose of purchas-
ing it ? If so, they would have also to do the same for Victoria and
the other Colleges that now have denominational connections. More-
over, what would become of the munificent endowment that has
lately been subscribed ? This was raised mainly for perpetuating the
existence of the Arts' Faculty under the control and management of
the Church, and faith must be kept with the donors, or their money
must be returned to them. Already, as we perceive by the calendar,
44 scholarships, of the value of |500 each, and 175 nominations, of the
value of if 100 each, have been paid up in full, amounting to $40,000.
and for these a quid pro quo has been guaranteed, in the form of tree
education to children or protegees in the Arts' Department.

It must be borne in mind that the University of Queen's College
was founded by the Free Church portion of the C. P. Church as
much as by ourselves. They were responsible equally with us for its
initiation under its existing charter, in its present form and in its
central location. If the tribute of praise be due to its founders, they
can fairly claim a share of the credit. If, on the contrary, those were
guilty of a blunder and a wrong, they must bear a portion of the
blame. Why then should these or their ecclesiastical successors now
seek for the first time to frame a new article of policy and condemn
that which they helped to call into being ? Is this course dictated in
the interests of a desire for union ? We have always understood that
parties negotiating for a ui ion, such as that proposed in tliis country,
instead of erecting new barriers, sought rather to wear down those
which already existed.

That the Canada Presbyterian Church has not denounced the con-
nection of an Arts' Faculty with a Theological Hall for the more
thorough equipment of candidates for their ministry can be shown
from their records and their practice. The resolution moved in their
Synod by Mr. Kemp, and seconded by Dr. Jennings, on June 13th,
1802, and carried by a majority vote, was clearly in opposition to what
were called " sectarian grants" — was condemnatory of " the appropria-
tion of the public funds for the maintenance or endowment of
denominational colleges." This question has now been consigned to

■f

the reg

bers ol

formidf

the lasl

the issi

but ro

ceeded

■5

had rei

selves J

usefuln

t •

crowne

more j

cause c

not rec

te feature of

Lrts' Faculty

' Faculty be
lias founded
^pose to do
tit the very
)8ed to pai*t
' a power in
own to the
! of purchae-
T^ictoria and
on 8. More-
at that has
ituating the
agement of
heir money
le calendar,
lions, of the
to $40,000.
)rm of free

•

!n'8 College

Church as

li us for its

and in its

nders, they

those were

tion of the

lessors now

d condemn

dictated in

irstood that

lis country,

lown those

ed the con-
r the more
be shown
ed in their
Juno 13th,
ion to what
! appropria-
owment of
)nsiirned to

the region of dead issues. In the contest for these "grants" the mem-
bera of the Canada Presbyterian Church were our stoutest and most
formidable opponents. The contest was hot and protracted ; but in
the last grand battle of the war we were beaten, and at once accepted
the issue. Without delay we gathered up our energies, not dispirited
but roused and freshened by the defeat we had sustained, and pro-
ceeded to do what our opponents, during the heat of the 'controversy,
had repeatedly urged upon us— endow it out of the resources of our-
selves and such friends as the Institution had, by a course of admitted
usefulness, made for itself elsewhere. This movement has been
erowned with remarkable success, and nowhere in Canada is there a
more glorious monument to the liberality of a people in support of a
cause on which they have set their hearts. Queen's College now does
not receive one cent directly or indirectly from the public coffers, nor
does she ask it. She has learned the vanity of trusting to " princes"
or to Governments.

But this resolution of the C. P. Synod of 1863 was in its motive and
aim very diflFerent from a condemnation of the connection of a Church
with Arts' Chairs maintained out of their own resources. Why, on
the pages immediately preceding the resolution above referred to, we
find that the Synod voted down a proposition for "abolishing the
literary course of Knox College."

Why did the Presbyterian Church of Canada in connection with the
Church of Scotland make this extraordinary effort to maintain and
increase the efficiency of the Arts' Faculty, so that to the generations
to come it might be what it had been to the generation past. This
is an important question. Let us seek to answer it.

We may premise our statement by the remark that Queen's College
now teaches neither medicine nor law. Some years ago these Faculties
were in connection with her. Now fhe has given up both these
departments of study.

The professed object— the grand aim for which the Institution has
been maintained is not to impart a University education to the youth
of the Province generally, but to equip in such manner as we deem
most efficient for the purpose young men In training for the ministry
of our Church. We hold that the wants of the age demand a class of
ministers who are not mere specialists. Hence we do not approve of a
system of instruction, whose tendency, by its encouragement of
options, is the manufacture of specialists What is a specialist?
One who from capacity or taste has a favourite study, either classics,
or mathematics, or metaphysics, or the natural sciences, or history.
To this one subject he is allowed to devote, wholly or mainly, his
time and powers. Those subjects for which he has no natural incli-
nation or desire, even though they may be the best adapted as an
educational instrument, he is permitted to lay aside or comparatively
ignore Thu* by concentrating himbcif on u department of study

which he can easily master, and not being constrained to grai)i)lo with
those which may present Ibrmidable difficultieH, but wliich will exercise
his mind, he may become a scholar well versed in one or two branchee,
but he is not turned out a well-trained, thoroughly disciplined thinker.
The tendency of such a system is to send forth from the halls of a
College men with biassed minds — marked by a one-sided developement
of intellect which is not healthy. We admire not a University wliich,
by its mode of testing results, or a College which, hy its method of
instruction, encourages a system that looks chiefly to information, no
matter how or where accjuired, and not to education in the literal sense
of that much abused term. Our ideal of a College; for the proper pre-
paration of candidates for the ministry is that of an intellectual
(jymnaaium. How did the Greeks perfect the corporeal energies of
their sons V Did they allow a youth to select any one of the gymnastic
exercises that composed the curriculum of their physical education,
and restrict his attention to that ? No — for only one set of muscles
would thus have been called into play. Vaulting, running, wrestling,
throwing the discus — the round of all these varied exercises had to be
taken by each, that vigour might thus be imparted to all the muscles
of the body, that there might thus bo developed the fleet foot and
brawny arm, a symmetrical figure, a well proportioned and powerful
physique. The analogy applies tt» the education of the mind. Its
muscles must be strengthened by a variety of studies. From the
Collegiate arena should issue a succession of athletes, who have had the
bone and sinew of their mental frame indurated and trained by several
classes of difficult exercises. Thus only can they come forth to the
great battle of life with a muscular brain-power, enabling them to
grapple successfully with the multiform difflcultes which face a
minister amid the seething inquiries of the nineteenth century. Thus
only can we obtain Ilerculeses, fitted to combat the Hydras of error,
offspring of that old serpent, the devil. To qualify our students for
detecting the most delicate shades of meaning in the original
Scriptures— to make them at home with the most intricate and complex
processes of thought — to have the natural sciences presented in such
a way as shall enable them to meet the objections to Revelation
advanced from time to time by scientific skeptics — to furnish us with
a thoroughly drilled, well disciplincnl body of cliampions for the truth,
these are the grand recjuisites which the Church demands. To ensure
this important object it is essential to have the supervision of their
education from the beginning to the close of their Collegiate career.
We want to be in a position to shape their Arts' as well as their
Theological studies, so as to render these conducive to a thorough
equipment for their future vork. Now this end can best be secured
by having an Arts' F,aculty completely under our control. If the Church
desires special attention to 1>o given to certain subjects, e, g. — if she
wishes the Greek New Testament to form part of the classical course,

ffra])i)lo with
li will exercise
two bruncliee,
lined thinker,
le halls of a
levelopement
ersity which,
its method of
formation, no
e literal sense

proper pre-

1 intellectual
1 energies of
lie gymnastic
al education,
',t of muscles
ig, wrestling,
ses had to be
I the muscles
eet foot and
md powerful
e mind. Its
i. From the
have had the
led by tevcral
'I forth to the
ing them to
i^hich face a
itury. Thus
Iras of error,

students for
the original
and complex
nted in such
:o Revelation
aish us with
[or the truth,
I. To ensure
■lion of their
L'giate career,
veil as their

a thorough
t be secured
[f the Church
e, g. — if she
ssical course,

or if she is anxious that its legitimate place should be accorded to
metaphysics and ethics, an intimate knowledge of which has so
eminently tended to ada])t the Scottish ])uli)it to the Scottish mind,
she has only to express her wish and it will be at once attended to.

The best witness we can summon in proof of this advantage of having
an Arts' Faculty in connection with us is the Canada Presbyterian
Church. That denomination has at least one Arts' Chair in active
operation in Knox College. In establishing that Chair they have con-
ceded the principle for which we contend. One Professorship is as
good as six for establishing the principle. They believed that justice
was not done to the important department of Mental Philosophy at Uni-
versity College. Hence they have had to appoint and pay Professor
Young to perform this work which they cannot get done to suit them
at the Provincial Institution. In the Report of the Board of Manage-
ment ot Knox College to the Canada Presbyterian Synod of 1869, we
find the following clause : " The Kev. George Paxton Young, A.M.,
having accepted the appointment of the last Synod, entered upon his
duties and tau-ht classes in Mental Philosophy, Elementary Greek and
Latin." " Mental Philosophy, Greek and Latin !" Are not these Arts'
classes 1

Another motive which nerved us to maintain the Arts' Faculty was
this. As a Church we hold it to be of vital moment that our young
men, who liave the ministry in view, should from the time they
leave behind them the wholesome influences of parental control, and
enter upon an Academic career, be under the influence and example of
professors who, while profound scholars and successful teachers, also
hold orthodox views in religion. Between the ages of 15 and 20, the
time when most men enter college, is the most critical period of life.
Then the mind is remarkably plastic— very susceptible of impressions
from without— most liable to be moulded by surrounding associations.
From those . bovo him, even more than those around him does he
catch the tone of his future character. Hence it is of exceeding im-
portance that the Professors, with whom he is in close contact for
several years at the era when his character and views are in process of
formation, should be men of tried religious worth as well as of proved
capacity for the responsible position which they hold. Not that we
fear that a Professor may sneer at Revelation in his class room— not that
we expect him to deduce Presbyterianism from geology, though
Froude shows that Calvinism can be drawn from history. But if his
students admire him for the brilliance of his genius or the clearness of
his prelections, and if they know him to be either skeptical in his
opinions, or utterly indiiforent in his practice— then comes the danger.
Will not his youthful and enthusiastic admirer be disposed to argue :
" If so learned a naturalist— if so distinguished a savan as Mr. A.
believes not in the Gospel doctrines, propounded from our pulpits, it is
because there is not much truth in these." Bear in mind that the

■i.

abler the man, the greater is the danger of their imbibing his loose
views on Revelation, not directly from his prelections, but indirectly,
even unconsciously to him from his unconcealed opinions and undin-
guised attitude towards the Bible. Hence the necessity of providing
ourselves with a guarantee for the appointment of suitable men to
those positions where they are entrusted with such tremendous power
for weal or woe. And what is that guarantee V Not the prescription
of a test or requirement of an oath. A fig for such subscriptions as
a security for orthodoxy ! Tliese are no reliable pledge that the Pro-
fessor will exercise a healthy influence ui)on the siudcmt's mnturing
opinions and tone of life. That guarantee is the circumstance that the
appointment of Professors is vested in a Board, whom we have nomi-
nated, and in whom we have confidence. We rest assured that, com-
posed as this Board is, and reflecting as it does the mind of the Church,
the members thereof will look well to the men whom they select —
will consider their character and principles as well as learning — will
be careful to fill the choirs at their disposal with such as give no
countenance to the attempt to oppose Nature to Revelation, to divorce
Nature fnmi Nature's God. We venture on an hypothesis, by no
means improbable. Suppose a vacancy were to occur in the chair of
Natural Science in University College, and the Government of Ontario
(in whom the appointment is vested) were to select one who would
teach science in the spirit of a Darwin or Huxley rather than in the
spirit of a Dawson, would the C. P. Church not be likely, in order to
guard the Scriptural principles of candidates for their ministry from
being undermined, to appoint a person in connection with Knox
College to do for them that which they could not get done in a way to
meet their wishes at University College, just as they have employed Prof.
Young for the department above referred ;o ? — We are much mistaken
if they would not feel it to be their duty to do so. For, be it remember-
ed, according to the principles of our opponents, according to the spirit of
the University Act of 1853, Government, in examining the qualifications
of candidates for the chair in question, would be bound to look simply at
their scholarship and aptness to teach, without making their theo-
logical views or religious bearing an element in the consideration.

We may refer to another practical advantage which the Church
derives from the connection with it of the Arts' Faculty. It has merely
to be stated when its inestimable importance will be comprehended at
a glance. The fact that our ministers, ceteris parilms, have a prefer-
ence in appointments to these chairs is a powerful stimulus to them to
keep up their literary and scientific attainments— is found to act
as a lever for raising and maintaining the standard of a ministry
marked by intellectual calibre, mental culture and scholarly attain-
ments. Whereas under the system that has prevailed in Toronto
for nigh twenty years, although the 0. P. Church haa contri i

r his loose
indirectly,
1 and undiB-
' providing
l)le men to
lous power
)re8cription
:;riptionB as
it the Pro-
i maturing
ice that the
liave nomi-
that, corn-
he Church,
ey select —
rning — will
18 give no
, to divorce
Bsis, hy no
lie chair of
; of Ontario
who would
than in the
in order to
nistry from
tvitli Knox
in a way to
cloyed Prof,
h mistaken
remember-
thesjuritof
lalifications
k simply at
their theo-
;ration.

he Church
has merely
i-ehended at
ve a prefer-
I to them to
ind to act
a ministry
arly attain-
in Toronto
contri i

h,lf ot the 8tudeuts, they have not one representative on the Profes-
Foiial staff".

For these and other reasons the Presbyterian Church of Canada in
.olction with the Church of Scotland recognise *- value o,
at least one Arts' Faculty under their control. Let it be 1, rne n
n ind liowever. that can.Udates for the Ministry are not obhged to
a eml t2 Inst tution. If they prefer the system of instruction pur-
Td n any other College, or if they find it more conven ent to he.r
u.mes to t'ke their Arts' course at Toronto or Montreal they are at
e^ect libertv to do so, and they receive the same treatment as the
^Unmii of Queen's when they present themselves to t^ie S.vnod s Ex^
amining Committee. No distinction whatsoever is made While the
overwhelming majority, at least nine-tenths, of our Ch 'ch have nobly
:m:i:!rdQueen's'college,and have contributed, -ny at grej.
pecuniary sacrifice.to its Endowment Fund.yet there area ew wlu, from
various reasons might prefer to send their sons elsewhere, an^^ j« J^J^*
thev should have unrestricted freedom to do so. Hence one ot the adv an-
tages of having a variety of Institutions, so as to meet ^-rse v.ws
and pat a University Education within the reach of all classes ot
'^ ety all shades of opinion without violence to their conscientious
rrX'slwith no ban placed on either their religious or irrehgious
views.

We have sketched the principal objects for which the Synod
determined to maintain the University of Queen's College m its
integrity The inspiration of the movement was drawn from a resolve
to have m connection with the Church at least one fully equipped
School of the Prophets. While such was the case, they were equally
deternnned to maintain not only the denominational but a so the
unitarian character of the Institution in the future, as it had been in
^the ptrwith not a whit les. of broad and liberal Catholic ty in its
management and instruction. If persons in other denoimna tions had
confidence in its government ; if they were ^-^^V -^^^''\'^f'^'''
8ons would there be under religious but not proselytizing influences .
if they preferred the method of education there pursued ; ^f they found
It more convenient to their homes or less expensive to send to its halls,
the classes of Queen's should be open to these without test or any
barrier whatsoever. As during the past 30 years, so :n all time to
come, a hearty welcome would be accorded to them. The fees of such
would aid the revenue of the Institution. Our own students would
receive the educational advantage arising on the one hand from the
greater fire imparted to the Professors from the enlarged number
formino- a more powerful battery of electric enthusiasm, and on the
other hand from tht. increased emulation caused by more spirited com-
petition The highest tribute that can be paid to the unsectanan
character and liberal management of Queen's College is the fact that

:,,: I

n half of its alumni have bolongod to denominations other
than that with whirh it was connected.

Ho much for tlic muintenanco of the University of Queen's College
a* it is. Let me now make a few remarks with reference to the main-
tenance of it where it is.

Surely no valid olyection car be raised to its present situation. The
Bite is in its favour rather than otherwise. It is central, occu])ying a
position midway between Quebec and Sarnia, or, if you will, between
Newfoundland and Manitoba. It is easily accessible by rail or steam-
boat. The town is healtljy. The cost of living therein is moderate.
Kingston may not be a largo place— honce it is all the bettor adapted
for a College. Its City-hnll is not the theatre of a never-ending suc-
cession of concerts and evening entertainments, and thus fewer
temptations to dissipation of time are presented to those who are con-
stitutionally indolent, or who by temperament are easily led away
from grave studies to unseasonable recreation or frivolous amusement.
The busy hum of business— the crowded streets— the ceaseless stir of
dense population are not congenial haunts of study. Take away the
Universities, and what would be left of Oxford or Cambridge V
Glasgow, the largest and busiest city of Scotland, cannot be quoted
against us, inasmuch as Glasgow, for three centuries after its Uni-
versity was established, was not more populous than Kingston now is.
Look at the Continent of Europe. Heidelberg possesses only 12,000
and Halle 29,000 inhabitants. Wliat principle seems to govern our
American neighbours in the selection of Collegiate sites? Hartford,
the seat of Yale, prides not herself on busy hives of manufacturing in-
dustry. Are Andover and Dartmouth famed as marts of commerce?
Large cities, like New York and Philadelphia, by their teeming
hospitals and ample materials for furnishing an able Professorial staff,
may attract the followers cf Aesculapius, but what educational
establishments, except their medical schools, have wcm a Continental
fame? The recently founded Cornell University has its home in
Ithaca, a village in central New York. Take the practice in this mat-
ter of the Presbyterian Church of the United States. Princeton, the
site of their oldest and leading Institution, is not larger than Perth or
Whitby. Of their other colleges, Danville, Union, Western, Hamilton,
Lane, Union, and North West, only one is situated in a large city.
Moreover, Queen's College owns and occupies immovable properly to
the value of $40,000.

Some have proposed to remove the Institution to either Montreal or
Toronto. These cities certainly possess many attractions, and present
powerful inducements to such a course ; but the disadvantages arising
from this step would more than counterbalance the advantages. Apart
from other objections— such as the multiplying of Universities in
places where one is now inadequately supported, and the leaving
Central Canada entirely destitute of facilities for acquiring a Collegiate

'b College
the main-
ion. The
cupying a
1, between
or Btcam-
moderate.
i)r adapted
nding suc-
lius fewer
10 are con-
led away
inusement.
less stir of
away the
imbridgo V
be quoted
iT its Uni-
on now is.
mly 12.000
rovern our
Hartford,
during in-
commerce?
ir teeming
sorial staflf,
educational
Continental
;8 home in
n this mat-
nceton, the
an Perth or
I, Hamilton,
large city,
properly to

Montreal or
and present
ages arising
ges. Apart
versities in
the leaving
a Collegiate

education-there . one ^^f^^^^ZS^^ i::^^!^
.ould candidates for the mmstryl.^^^^^^ ,,/rogarded as mere

«ional atmosphere. In ^^^^^ ,/7,%„uth arrives at the age of

money-maHnrj «^f ^7'^^, ^1 ,i ;"" ^^ as t' have his mind d'scipUned

15 or 16. he is "'^\ «^'"\ ^" [^^"l, eantile office with a view to earn
and cultured, but thurst no a ^«'^^ ,^^,^^^^^ ,f e.istence-the

,noney. that being regarded ^^^^^^^^

chief end of man. la ^ "^^ '' ; ! J^^^^^^^^ no/, society 1) seek a Collegiate
„„,n. in what is terme. ^'^"'Y^^^^ f, i;fl'4„ecs and associations calcu-
education, they are «-"«"";^*^'' J l^^^'f.lofessic.nal man should be
lated to impress and foster ^- /^^^^^I^,,,,, This is-altogether

^.rf^r^^roX^S;"- --- Of the several

churches? , ^ p church are asked to give

In the proposed Articles of L nion the C- ^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^.,^^

,p nothing .katsoeur '"^^^^X^ZIaIu! clo.e connection with
niay be consummated, our ^^f; H^.'^.^y advantages, direct
the Church of Scotland, together wi h tl^e y ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^^^

Hud indirect, which that --- '^ ^^^ f ^ involves not merely the

to many, a very great sncnfice f f «J.;"/^^^;'^^„d,ring of associations

severance of ties of «-^--" ' ^^'l*^^^^^^^ tenderest fibres. Yet

. which have gathered around ^^^^"^^^^^^^^^ ^^ „,,^e in the interests

. this sacrifice, great as ^^^^'^^ZCIm^^^^ country, and especially

I ;^r:rrro;r- --^^ a.d .ngdom. B. ought we

to be called upon to give up more 1 ^^^,^^

.ot only as individaal. but a a U^-l^ ^,^^ ^^^^^^ And I

opponents. '"'"^ "™ *" ""^^ I^^i. , no hard feeling, toward,
think we may -'"'J »? ^ 1 b uCe that they were prompted to
them in con»equei.oe of thw as "« j^,,, by the dictate,

their action in this matter by consciont.o controversy wo

of what they conceived to be a pnnc.ple ^-J^f ,„ , „hat

were taunted with '"™""« "."'"^^^ow" out of private re«>urce..
we deemed a principle and told "> «°<'°" » ^i^,,a .,,.,„ ,ub-

Thi, we have just done. "P^'^^ff.'f^^VeTng completed. Over
scribed, and the movement " y«'!" ^°"' '.4 Lo the Treasurer's
,80,000 of this amount have atody P j^,^^ ^,

hands. Of the "l'"'';.'^""' '"Siting contributed by citi.e..s of
with the exception o) about fl.OOU, Den g ^^^^

Kingston belonging to other d-— »»' ^^ ,^^„. J„,, ,,,etical

::rr„r:r„r b::«:r r ;f - strong ...d wh,ch

Queen's College has on their affections.

.4'

And now wli.n wo an- fluHlu'.l with victory- when we rejolco In the
thought that our S<-ho.)l of tlu^ ProphotH, tl.ou«U beaten and driven out
of the Provinehi! L.-«iHlutar.'. has found a warm home in the lu-artn ol
our IHM.ple an.l -u liind friendn in otlier denomiuationH. wlio liave
Varned to api.r.ciat.' h.M wortli-when we are in tlie act of conteinpiat
inir Nvith .rratitude and junt pride tliin rrownintf n^nument of the
Chiirch'BHpivitandlilH.rality; arevve to l,o tohl tluit wo nuu.t over-
throw that monument and level it witli tlie ffroun.!. l.ef..r(, tlie .•tlier
l.mneh of the Preshvterian Churcli eonHeutn to form witli uh a union I
\Vhat' muHtwo not only part with our name, but also doutroy our
.rr.ndesttrophv? Ih this not askino: too much V Ilan this not the
appearance of a'desire to luuniliate ; an<l .-an an li(>noural>lc. harmomous
or durable union renult h.nu tlu, previous huniiliation of one ot the
parties to it. Were the branch in connection with the Church oi
Scotland to consent to do what some have ask d them to do in tliiB
matter, and I a member of the C:. P. Church. I would refuse to cast in
n,y lot with persons so crav.n and mean-spirited. For if. as a Bcparate
body tlu^y would proves so recreant to what they hold to be a principle
they would prove equally recreant to otlier principles in the United

"wiiy is all this sacrifice demanded from us? Simply to gratify a
theory oi some, which the C. P. Church have never erected into a
principle-yea, which in its leading feature they deny in practice, as
witness the case of Professor Young's chair, already referred to.
Moreover, we have always been of opinion that when two parties are
negotiating a union, there should l^e "give and take" on both Bides-
mutual compromise. When one party proposes then to erect, for the
first time, a new principle, this cannot be regarded as indicative of a
desire for union. What is practical, not mere theory, should be amied
at This it is which mainly distinguishes Anglo-Saxon sagacity, and
especially hard-headed Presbyterian shrewdness from French dreaming
and nentiraentalism.

It was said of a certain interpreter of the Parables that he saw Christ
evorywhert m them, even in the mo.t remote allusions-of another,
that he saw Christ nowhere. In like manner the Roman Catho he
Church insisted on a union of the Church with everything under the
Hun ; now there is a revulsion from this doctrine to the opposite
extreme, that would divorce the Church from connection with every
instrument of civilization, save the simple ministry of the word and
ordinances. The true safety and welfare of men, we believe, lies in
this as in most things, in the golden mean. The great battle which
the several Churches have to wage in these days is a defensive warfare
against a spurious liberalism-a real latitudinarianism. By all means

, ■ • 1 1 -.--1 — ijn+ ia lirrs'^'^ <^otlinlif pomprehensiv^e ;
let us accept with open liaiiu « iiat. ife uro.i.., , 1

but, at the same time, we are required to guard against the seculariz-
ing tendencies of the age, which, under the cover of warring against

, K,^.„ry woaM una«rm\n. Purit.v.iWl

?rr r;>c..-ain,« of the ^^^^r^ ;\^ ;\, find a letter adaro««-
Chu U of tlu, Unite,l StaU-H (^^'^f. ^f '^,; ^ ienoral Assembly ankln^
ed by the Faculty ..f tUl« ^"«^;:^^^^"V u^ n« to l,o called " He-union
tl t lay tlu. corner Hton.ot - -^^^^.^^ .a^.. Pn.bytorian
tn • in honour "fthero-un.on th two ^^^ ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^^^. ^^^,,,,,

Chu ch. and from a siu.'ch ^^^^''„^^ ModoraLn-. permit me m a
PrcBldcnt of the CoUoRe. we .p otc^ ^^^^^^^^,,y ,, U.e action t

«U.Kle sentence to exin-cBHUiy thank t ^^^^^^.^^^^^^ ^^,,,

thf Pr»-»l)yterian Cluircu,

interest, ot religion " ^,,„, ,,f the vroposed TTmted

Queen'H College docB »<'\\"";;^,.\^ , v,urthen upon its finanm en^
f'lmrch with a view to cast hersclt endoWiMl. And we

e f The Institution is "-^ compa -a w^^^^^^.^^ ^^^^^^^^^^^

Tmrm, without meaning a^yoff^^^^^^ ^ ,^ „,,,, deeply imphvnted
facts demonstratively «^-^;^";\ ^^ ,^,, ,ff«,,Hnfr of the masses. I m^
in the affections of a people. 1 !« tl ^,,„ „^e cent has

Versity College iu the --;;-' ^t.^,Js its endowment. Mc( dUs
been given directly by the l eople to ^^^^^^ts of Montreal.

tCeUoi. of a few -^^^ ^tr^^:{jlen's has heen established

I Morrin is the work of one man. We a ^^ ^^^^^^.^,^,^,. Three ai.

\nd endowed by the persona « .,^^^ ft,,, i„ 1840

^ peals for Endowment have -^ " ^ ^^^^,,a the Free Church as well
I oontributal by those who '^^ -;;;'^*";^^„ ^he buildings it now oc-
as bv ourselves. The second in ^S' j\ completed. Thus it
I "pi^s were purchased, ^nd th t^urd ... .^ ^^^^^^^ ^^,,,,e.

has its foundatioas broad ^" \^«^ ^^^ ^^^^^ to cast adrift !

and this is the Institution which w e are k ^^ ^^^^^^^^^^

Ourmottothenis'' the Universe yJQ--^^^^^^, ^^ ^^, f,,,,ds ot
tb.lnstitutic....iH« and .7. ■ U. ^ ^^^^,.„^ ,, their Semin-
the other Church to make ^"^ ^ ^^f^^^ ^^^^..^ Arts' College with L ni-
ariesto the United Church, ^ur^^^^^^^^^^^^ bave fostered it and
varsity powers in operation - the Domm ^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^ ,nean to sacrifice
it haB been a source of =trcn t. ^^^.^^^^^ ^^ ^^,„,,

if even for the attainment of an ena

Let the resolutions of the Conference, unanimously a^^reed to by the
chosen representatives of the other body ecjually a. by ours, be adopted •
and we vote lieartily for the Union-we raise both hands for its con-
summation We will be prepared as a Church, I believe, to accept the
result ot the deliberations of the assembled wisdom of the Churches
convened at Mijntreal in September last.

But if otherwise-if a majority or tornxidable minority of the Canada
Presbyterian Church insist on Queen's University and College and us
parting company before they consent to form along with us a errand
' Presbyterian Church of BritiJi North America," then we "must
with a sigh bid farewell to the ho.^es we had cherished, and throw on
tliem the responsibility of " forbidding the banns."

*^.