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Las diagrammas suivants lllustrant la mAthoda. 1 2 3 4 5 6 MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■ III— 3.2 US ISA Itt u It a BlUu 3.6 4.0 1.4 III 2£ 1.8 1.6 = ^PP^-IED IIVHGE Inc r^ 1653 East Main Street '^ Rochester, New York 14609 USA S (716) 482 - 0300 -Phone = (716) 288- 5989 - Fax OUTLINES ■■%|i •^ OP ANCIENT HISTORY URSULINE CONVENT, QUEBEC. ^ l^\ ' C. DARVEAU, PRINTER, 8, Mountain Hill, g^H 1 Q'ro -*s5ri>3ii ?■> Al C. ] OUTLINES OP AICIENT IlISTOPiY X) . i. i. UKSULIXE CONVENT, QUEBEC. C. DAEVEAU, PRINTER & PUBLISHER;' 8, Mountain Hill, Lower Town. ' IQTO H AI 1. T Anci events : Saviou] 2. B Anci( History 3. "W Sac re PfofauG OUTLINES OF ANCIENT HISTORY. IxNTEODUCTION. 1. What is Ancient mstnnj ? Saviour. ^""^ ^o the birth of our 2. How is Ancient History divided ? ^Ancient History is divided into Profane and ^acreci 3. What is meant by Profane .^d Sacred History ? feacred History relates events co.ir.ectcd wUh ..'• • Profane History means all other rem^l °'^° ' * CHRONOLOOICAL OUTLL^Es. CHAPTER 1. I tot] • — I the Chronological OutUnea | hsh 4. How is the cl.rono!ogy7f Ancient History divi.led ? 20 ?!;: li^:!:-^ -" 4004 b.c. 14 o" Abraham r.!;; f^'^'^ '• I Af, 4° M0SC8 . . -^'^^ " I foot ( 5" Solomon "** ^^^^ " I the so G^The End of"the Capii;i;;'v;;. '5o'o ;: h' ^■ cr^^::l;i^ t^z^^t^r ^'^^"^^-dienno, u. p^:; our Savioi.r; hut t^ d^rtnco l"T \'^'"' '^'' »>'>^'^ of |E..rop, confined to the earl/ a-t.^^a^er " ^ 'If'' ^^ ''^''^ '"« I ^^^'•i«'" mon.) ^ ° ' »nf<^J^Jor to the time of Solo- I FIRST AGE (B. C. 4004-2348.) U'^^'^y 5. What is known of the fi.Nf Aoo f .1 ., I C^»'l< of innocence and hann^.^e'hv-"'"'^,'''-'"""^ ■'*»'» fc"""*; ^ f.-nit; tl„.t ,l,ey were d^ven ™, ohh^r^ ;*■= /7''''^'^™ F "^P^" "nd eondenm/d to ,.,ise7v .,! 1 "''^".'f" »»/""'"*■»« Iwe still , cities; that Cain' 'did. Ih™"'''''' "'" S'^' of al l '^^"'^ bandry, music and 11,.™!!? ■"-""" '» ""'tivafe bus- t^''^- ^ distinguished for their p?',! 4 IT.'''!' '/f"' "'"' """ '{£S. « (I tt lea. History divi.lod ? 'Six Ages of the 4004 B. C. 2:^48 <« i!000 1500 1000 500 " Jcnedictinefl, the i're the birtli of tea of events is e time of Solo- :348.) the world ? 3iirrod during s no records of roui these we le space of six 'ks being our Most the state he forbidden 'noi' Paradise ;dl tlioir pos- a Redeemer- ' his brother' e first of all iltivate hus- '• the cliildren ft3, and were ;e » da^s of [ Anam WyoA <"» ONOLOQIOAI, ODTlrNls. SECOND AGE (B. 0. 2348-2„oo). After the snn.,r„*- « "^° "ood ? Iho son, of Horn oxtondoj t„„ ",, ''°, P'"'"^ of ChaUca, 'he A,,at,o con.incnt, wll ^ i '^ Tf V"'' Poopled A>"onoa ; (1,0 son, of J,nV„ 7 f'o^^b'.y passed into "orth, into Asia.M^mr tho r • "'■"^' "'° "ost 'and f"™Po (*); th. »o,^s 'of c£rTl,'"°"""""^ »»d African peninsula. ■"'"""• southward, into tho IcioIu^Tnil^bS?™' ''''" '» ■'-o been the n,„st »„. [Cl.i;,tsl''5|,„;L*''=^"P°"'"'I'', %ypt, Greece, a„d the [the'floo^r" "" ^"O"'"" '"0 n.o.,t ancient cities since pie first cities built after tl,o fl„„4 ,«;JVho are tbo fi.t tin,, mentioned in Ancien. CI ' ''"^"^^^^- Assur, a son of Set^Ja": fc!£%!?£'"^''°h«bitantsofEur... _ . 6 CHRONOLOGICAL OUTLINES. Greece. The Chinese ,'tWK ' u™' "'"' "^"'"ed i„' the a; Ja„d sot„°:e"r' '"''"^ "'^ ^"«-' ™ltivated in fte;aHfa&„t'; STdt if •"'"^ J-""-- "ml their knowled-ovcrn tlipm fi.^ i. uoatn ( i.i45) faniilv n.« S • ^^^^'^)' «"^ <^hen of David, ,i whose raiuiiy the baviour was to bo born JyV^Vr^'j^T ''"" ^-^P'"-- '» "- his. The conquest of the world by Sesostris tJnn. p ^pPfV^^d the memorable siege of TroH 2 9-^ 2|nf which has been immortal ■=.Ad'K. w.JX- V_ . t^^^^)' 8 "HBoNOLoarcAi. odt„«,,. the Lord Tht^^^ ^^«H and becam/ """' '^Ved «- whot :ouTtr>^^^.Pr ^""^^d 'h i'sll^^^^Pt that captive to Z%i' ®/^^"^«"asar Jed fc f 1' ^"^^^^ thus ended fl.l ^^ ' ,^^^^"ee thev n^lf *'''^^s away >ng fate ? '"'™ !"« chosen people of H.„- • Yes- ho ■ *«•• impend. ?"«' illustrious '? l';,'""'''^' "any holv „. I J--iah and^^lr"" "^'^ ^'«iaTlthS'' fane his- y durin ;hi8 period are; 1 ° The fo'iudation of Carthage by a "yrian colony (888) an'' . .ome, (753) by Romulus, descendant of Eneas ; 2 The rise and fall of the econd Assyrian empire, which began at Ninive, under Phul (777), and ended at Babylon, with the reign of Baltassar (555). 3 ® The commencement of the Olymp- ian Games (77G), and the appearence in Greece of Lycurgus, Esop, Pythagoras and the Seven Saijes ; 4® The birth of Cyrus the Great (599), who founded the Persian Empire, put an end to the BaJ3ylonian power and restored the captive Jews to liberty. SIXTH AGE (B. C. 538). 23. What are the principal events of Jewish history from the full of Babylon to the Christian era ? 1 ® The preservation of God's people from destruc- tion through the means of Esther, queen of Persia; their return from captivity and the building of the se- cond Temple under Esdras and Nehemiah ; 2 ® The visit of Alexander the Great to Jerusalem (332) ; 3 ° The conquest of Judea by Ptolemy Soter, king of Egypt, and again, a hundred years after, by the kings of Syria ; 4 -^ The cruel persecution of Antiochus ; the victories of the Machabees over the Syrian generals ; 5 ® The reestablishnient of monarchy in the person of the high priests (107), five of whom in succession are called the Asmonmnn kings ; 6 '^ At last, after a long series of internul wars and commotions, the conquest of Judea by the Romans, who gave the province to Ilerod, an Idumean prince (37) : whereby " the sceptre was removed from the Jionse of Juda," and thus, according to the prophecy of the patriarch Jacob, the time ap- pointed for the Saviour's birth was at hand. 24. What are the chief events of profane history dur- 1 ing the sixth Age of the world ? The conquest of Egypt by Camby^es, successor to |Uyius ; the celebrated wars of the Greeks with the Per- sians, and between themselves ; the reign of the Mace- -'is h^:f''" Upper E.'flf'''*^^ oi AN8. ^^•^d 4004. " ^ OP THE EGYPTIANS. 11 ! ^^gyptians ? ';» «'• Af enes '.'^ ^^^er the' ^.^^«^^ t^e arts f Thebes, ^ ^nscrip. 28. Who were the Pharaos ? The Scriptures gi-- the name of Pharao to all the ! kinv^s of Egypt whosv history is connected with that of God's chosen people, but particularly to the kings of Heliopolis in Lower Egypt, whither Abraham migrated, and where Joseph was sold (1729). 29. Who was Nitocris ? Nitocris was a powerful queen of Memphis in Lower Egypt (B. _C. 1672). She conquered Thebes, and built the second in size of the three great pyramids now extant. The other two were built bolbre her time. 30. Who were the Shepherd Kings f ^ Near the time of Joseph's death, Salatis, king of the Arabs, entered Lower Egypt with an army of 240,000 men, and founded at Heliopolis a dynasty, called the Shejyherd Kings f Apophis, the last but one of theni, was drowned with his army in the lied Sea, whilst pur^ suing the children of Israel (1491). 31. What immortalized the reign of kino- Meris (1422) ? He caused a lake to be dug out, ten leagues in cir- cumference, to receive the waters of the Nile when it overflowed too abundantly, and to supply the plains of Egypt when the inundation proved deficient. 32. For what was Meris' son celebrated ? Siphoas, son of Meris (1379), added five days to the year, which before had only 360 days. He was famed for has philosophical writings. The Egyptians are said to have invented beer in his time. 33. At what period do historians place the reign of Sesostris ? It is not certain when this mighty conqueror lived : probably 1300 years before the Christian era. His army was composed of 600,000 foot, besides 24,000 horse and 27,000 chariots of war. No vestige of his victories now mains. 12 OI' THE EQYPTlAm. 34. How did Sesac treat th w In the days of RnK ^'"gdom of Jud. ? i *«'■"«/;! ri,™ '•""so'j *° whole ro„'^r^"""» f°i- during ihid^w' '""> "'''•••te of1^™\'^'^""-"™ the,„.s?Wer a„T, ' ^7^"">'<> divided theT ^/. <^''«''>. •of their r» ?■"■ •"' »»" Province 7 *'"' ^l"^'' Bovor find ,1,.^' "'"' "> "nitoi to..e |,t^^ .''?''' ?"'■"'« guide.'"' '■'^'^-^o- of markaWe oventa of the reig„ „f nans! t:ial!i^4«7^°J"od the a, ,^„^._^^^ ^.^ Pl"in« of M±dd^''"^. "^3 defeased tdliSe'S ' ^t^ lAna. '"gdomofJuda? «or to Solo,„o„, Sesac ''ce, and carriea awaj OF THE EGYPTIANS. 13 jhis stead, and imposed a tribute on the whole country. He then proceeded on his w ty, ..nd extended his cou- quests to the shores of the Euphrates. Jeded ih^r. t.'^^ ^^^ °'^"' ""^ ^^'^^'"o (^00)' " Phynici.n exredi- ^ae government I t'on set out from a port of ihe Red St a, and aftir a f Assyria, havi„. i„. «; ^haJ-aca, king of 1 lie Assyrians fol- •le coun,,^^ and re- ,";^«'n After this t anarchy (687), ^ the Jand between ■'^\^y mth equal As a monument =' thej buiJt the >f twelve palaces 'Jat visitors could out the help of a Kin > Jej, gs after a 'ive his pro. : "'»t, at length 'an soldiers, he of %ypt. He ^nd consumed n i^alestine. 'f the reign of ^stthe Assy. a him a pas- «^lled in the mediately to imprisoned three years' mivigation returned by the straits of Gibral- tar, having sailed round Africa. 38. What became of the ancient E.'yptian monarchy ? Soon after Nechao's time, Ei^pt was rav i<-ed and rumed by Nabucho-lonosbr the Great.— S.-viMi'ty yars later (525), the Persians, under Camby-es, Ucin.e masters ot the country, and retained it till they were themselves conquered by Alexamier. 39. Give a few details concerninu- the wisdom, laws customs, and religion of the ancient E-yptians. ' ' The Ejrytiana were accounted the wisest and mo^t learned nation of the world. Tiieir kin of queen Sorti, "'''»» trf. '«,?•« '^^7 marched '*«. on the backs ^p d hi^' real ones , « toe quean, afte,^ only throu^wrtlr; ad? ^^' «e shut him !? ^^hov.ed hiu" ''^ ^^^'7 thin., '> ^hich he re- J^P^«/or thirty ^"ndredyears^ '^fi monarchy. "^^0 surpass.* ^"^cy. This ^"laio attire ice. ' ""dapapaJus ? governor of rdanapaJus. h^m to thn OF THE ASSTSIAN8. 17 gates of Ninivc, whe-. they besieged him for three 62. What was the fate of Sardanapalus ? ^rei"mr?nf'.t '?f ^»'« ,Tisrj. having thrown down a great part of the city wall and opened a passage to the enemy Sardanapolus ordered a vast funeral pile to be erected, m which he burnt himself, his eunuchs, hia women and his treasures The Assyrian monarch^ was iJabylon, and Nmive. ' ' 53. Where did the second Assyrian monarchy begin ? At Ninive, under Phul (777), who established a tri- butary king over the Babylonians, and made their city the centre of trade with Egypt, Arabia, and India. ^ olt ,^^'"?/h\fi'-^t king of Assyria that made himself celebrated after the death of Phul. Teglath Phalasar (745), who invaded the kingdom Israel and earned a part of the inhabitants away captiveto Assyria: he afterwards marched a^ains^ Syna, subdued it, and transplanted the inhabitantl into 55. Who succeeded Teglath-Phalasar ? Sahuanasar (730) who invaded the remaining part of the kingdom ot Israel, ravaged the country and carried away all the people captive beyond the Euphrates 56. What have you to relate of Sennacherib ? Sennacherib (712) declared war against the kingdom ot Juda, and besieged Jerusalem with a great army fZlt vTl '' ?r?"^ ' ^^"^^^"" of blasphemy King (^*) of Egypt, who was advancing to succor the Jews defeated hin., pursued him into his own country. aTd returned laden with spoils to Jerusalem. The dtv seeiued inevitably lost, Lt Ezechias lairthe impioul (*) Tharaoaj see Q. 35. 18 ^®"«'- upon th , ^^' * ^ aien of th^ j!"^''f> sent an „ ''\^ People • aZ !^l wFr^ • ?"''« <"eted 1'° ""■"(•"■red t ^"''"R'-'t »o„ A. Jy^icus t.j" ^^ Scripture). "^^^r kfr,^ Pf.; ""'* - ""Jlonian t,W /"""' POferfuJ and . i . ^ ''^'^Proz.i,, j;« put i„ ,lllem. Asa. »rrt *"« gods, and P^'-'^-^ed jj^to' ciebi ^J near the -ebe, ^ he th sieged, row **« prop; OF THE A8 YRFANS. 19 down the walls of the holy city, b.,rnf, 'he temple of So o.,.on to the ground, and curried awuy both pr 'eel and people to Babylon ( .88). In the 2Ht year^o" hb r..n;n he bc^jan the niego of Tyre, which lasted 13 yearl The destrue .on of Tyre was followed ' . the e .. 'o't of ^.f?ypt, wheneo he returned in triumph to hir r^i Tl Elated with pnl.atthe si^dit of hig victories and of the n. :,o;nificent works he had added to Tiabylin Na buehodo-,.sor began to claim divine honors andto'eoTn pel iMH subjects, under pain of death, to adore h s 'olZ M u -. Ihe punish.nent of Hetwen awaited hisbhsohe m,n; he was reduced, as the prophet Danie h-u^^nrT dieted, to such a state of insanit^, that for se en y ars^ht wandered amono. the wild beasts Jivincj upon ffr"sr' his Dins claws Ho recovered, twelve months before hia death, and by a solen^n edict proclain.ed throughout lis dominion the power and wisdom of the true God rJ^' fl'^'t ^morable event occurred soon- after fhe rein:n of Nabuchodonosor the Great ? The sie^e of Babylon (555) by Cyrus and Darius the Mede Instead of watching and onposin- hi? fll midable enemies the proud an^d cruel BEs-frgave h^ courtiers a great entertainment, durin- which he h J^ T ish temple by his grandsire, Nabu'chodonosoU A ±!' terious hand was immediately seen writin^on the wE the apartment, in characte./unknown o the 5t J assembly. The prophet Daniel thu? fxpla „ed"S' «fr;r^^ ^'^^r™''^^^'^ '^y kingSom andt i art tound wanting, PAam.— Thv kino-dnm ^a-i^ " and given to the Medes and PersLns"?^'"f * '^^"^^'^ A hat same night the city was taken, Balfessar ^!«,V and Darius thfi lVlfid« ase^n^i-'J *i^ .i.J. T^^ ^-**'*» (( '\ 20 CBAPTERjy Of the Per„, "" '""' rescued T^.-f'O' "nd Iw ff'"'- P'-'Cr^,'""' J'siourif , '"'""•, closely,, ,„ „. ^^^^^e iivfi *^^^e/reed from tl . ^^^ death nf e ?^"°- rcjic frmta were oal- f F a e V t( IV. '"' tlie eidest ^^'^^°rj of the Per- Me and for a *° death bv ^^ged a sue! as unabie to ^dfather to ,"«^ the son OP THE PERSIANS AND MEDES. 21 ew Were cal- 65. Who is commonly considered as the founder of the Persian monarchy ? Cyrus the Great, born about 600 years before the Christian era. 6Q. Kelate an anecdote of Cyrus' youth. At the age of twelve, he paid a visit to his grand- father Astyages, king of Media, who prepared a ma- gnificent banquet and ordered Cyrus to perform the office of the king's cup-bearer. When the repast was over : " I was pleased, said Astyages to Cyrus, with the *' grace and dexterity of my cupbearer, but he forgot " one essential ceremony,— he did not taste the liquor '^ he presented.— I did not forget it, replied Cyrus, but " I feared it was poison.— Poison I exclaimed Astya- " ges, how so ?— Yes, father, said Cyrus. The other " day, I perceived that after drinking this liquor, all II the company lost their wits : they shouted, sung and " laughed at random ; you appeared not to remember " that you were a king, nor they, that they were your " subjects. In 8hort, when you attempted to walk, you " could not even stand.— What, said Astyaijes, does not " the same thing happen to your father ?— Never, " answered Cyrus : when he has done driiikin^', ho is " no longer thirsty,— nothing else happens to him." 67. Name the two most celebrated exploits of Cyrus the Great. The two principal exploits of Cyrus were the battle of Thymbria (556), where Croesus, king of Lydia, famed for his immense riches, was vanquished and niado' prisoner ; and the siege of Babylon, seventeen years after which Cyrus ascended the throne (538). His empire, which he divided into one hundred and twenty provinces, now extended from the Indus to the Medi- terranean and Euxine seas, and from the Persian gulf to Scythia. 68. Who succeeded Cyrus the Great ? Cyruc wuM succeeded by his son Cambyscs, who added 22 «dom/nf.„. ^. ^'^^^^• ^hich „.''"« «ent into (£'''-'^«^ed the tT'- ^^ Punish overran nJ ^'''^'^ ^^e Beu'^ ^^ '^ort [f ^ C^SS) to IfEDES. '^^ed (522) ? ^ been fii'o^ (. ^^soovered, ^ ^^0 mil. 'fboats bat xvna '^PJ'^* by Peri.sijoj /'?• He '^^ and fMps; OP THE PERSIANS AND MEPES. ^ b^mlT'oftfh'"^ was almost totally destroyed at the b^Jttle of Saiarnis. After a second defe;it by sei fVt Mycule), Xences fled to Asia, leaving behind him 300 000 n,en under the connna^d of Slardonius T W were completely beaten at Platea by Pausa^ias 'nl Ari^tides, so that scarcely 4,000 PersL,; evr i, ained the r native country. Xerxes was put to death h^V subjects, for his luxury, cruelty, and'lll succt ' '^' succLrr ''"''"""'^* of Xerxes; four immediate the^r'rpT' ^'\^^f^'' I (473), continued the war with the Irreeks, and after many defeats nnrl Inoa^ pellod ,0 .„e for peace b/cTirthe 1.1: j^^ S" banished Themistocles was kindly receivid a? th.' .„ ! of thxs prince, and died a voluntary delth L • rat^ .• than a.ist in invading hil^Itive'lX.""'""' r%n;r„:^fe?drr:L''^™'" (^^^^^ "" brothPr oA; ''^°^\^^y^andwas assassinated by hia" orotner feogdianus, who enioyed thp finlf r.f'u- y . . ints '' ""■""^ -' " i^«» tLit£:::j 73 Why was Artaxerxes II called M7iemnn an^ ^ what 18 his reign remarkable ? ''^'''^n, and for ofttTT-^^ ^^^^^ ^^« ^'^"^^ ^^emon on account 74. Name the two next kings of Persia. The two next kings of Persia were Ochn^ «n^ i,- 76. With whom did the Persian empire M ? 24 ^*' ^HB GREEKS. Seated bv a?^^ ^^^^omanijs wrj. ,^''"^>^ bfoto^^^r-^ ^-C.n "i L/^-e ceiled y ^ "q 10 raise a 77. \v;,„t ""' 'niabited ''"ri'-e^t ages/"' '^''^''oiai state of th,p , V .^heir earliest h; , ''"'* '» 'ie , •'8. Name the l!' "" ""^ %^P« "n »° i-' _ The chief ii„ d J"- """""^ ""d repub. • "--sseaia ; the le ve '8. '^^ attacked nr.A i ons of Ar.^' "■f -Ancient T ^'''^es, com- f *^ coasts' »J«o inhabited ^'«^ts in the lost in fjj. -'^ ^hh cer- ^''«^'J^ repre- > Pelas- '^^^^ in the ^«es, and in ' the skins '^thernthe •"to have iology, Oia; the OP THE GREEK>!. 25 four great republics were L.-.ce,)a„„on orSpart,. Athens Jh.bes, and Cor.nth. All the Grecian republics were at hi>t governed by kin«,'s. SICYON AND ARGOS. 79. What is known of Sicyon and Arjros ? Sieyon (1836) was the mo.t aneien't, but never a' powerful k.nodo.n. It lasted seven hundred y.-.r^ nd UKMy became mnted to Argos. A„.on. then.os; re n,nkab:o sovereign, of the L.tter were" Inachus its ^Tr '" ^'T'^r ^^'■-'"' '^••"■'' '^>be the iir, 'wo joked oxen to the plo.gh ; liauaus. an E.ypti.u. ,,,inco whose sh.p w.s the first ever seen in G.-e^cts and 1 eiseus, of whom many wonders are related. SPARTA. 80. What have you to relate of Sparta or L -I, prior to the days of Lycurgus ? Jcedj©- Sparta, the capital of L fifteen hundred years before Chri^^t bv L conia, wis founded about Greek. Its third kinons of )rothers, the ::hy this twofold poster! inotii tinued for nearly 900 years. 81. Who were the Helots ? The Helots were a people of a neighbouring territory Who were subdued and ...ade slaves by the lacedemo .uans 1050;. The i^hun^an treati/ent inflicted I them frequently „rged them to revolt, and their lives were then at the disposal of their masters. 82, What chano-es in tlm iTntrn^r,,^...^4. j . __ Diarta, were introduced by Lycurgus ? 26 ^^ ^»« oaEEKa. Candor?*?'*'"'' P""tS";"s?«pC r^"!'y.»"-' '«n', not/"''' ""'' silver ' .""'"'"tuted t ^""' «• ?"''"''„?, 7N ".cv C:^'";^-! that :u\"""'-''y HirnU.- ""' ""M/s 'S^""oe and f™.>,)f, '"ffMfer ;„ , 83- What .„ '""""teiBn „' '"'"'''"e ft/'* ^ rot ^^^^« '«''s ,'?^ ^- 1"™?-" for t P fl G ci S, er rn til ki nil in PI do B. At ( a V par •'"= isle of ;?",'" "sit ion ^ -^ ' "a been fi,. OF THE QKEEKS. 2T '"* Lyourgus em.' e"r "^ i"t rta, '^*^J^ fame . in that point of view, they were a nation of heroos Amonj their most renowned generals, we may mention* iieimopysB; Pausanms, who oomraanJed with Arh t S.hmi ^^ b,U,t.e of P,,..t.. ; Eurybiat whla:^ tl A r •' ^J Tr^'' ''^''' defended Syracuse n-.-tinst he Athenians (415) ; Lysander, who put an end To the *l.^;^Y-^5. "^^'1^ P^"'^'* ^'^ *^« I^'icedoenonians attain tlieir hi-hest degree of prosperity ? The LaceJaBmoninns had attained their hic^hest nros- penty at the dose of the Peloponnesian war ^TheyTad then hun;bh.d Athens, destroyed a combined army of d tl ^Th^T"^^f,fM-» i-dhold oftheThLn citadel. The kingH of Persia eo.irted their alliance and en'e^ieT '''' ""' '' ^'"" for protection agains'tTt^ 87. Wiiat was the fate of the Spartan republic ? nn? tLT^'"'1^ r'^ ^P''*" P*""^^*^ ^^« '^^'^^ of her ; , l"nv P -"^u ""^ ^y^""'^^' were neglected; luxury and the love of riches, began to enervate the people ; their ku^s b.a.u.e urbitr^uj and cruel tyrants f an'd in the nnd^t of this general decay, they imprudently en-ac^ed in a w.ir with the Ach^in league (Si) com umndedly Ph.Iopemen, surnamed iho L.st of the Greek., who b.at ^owj their walls, and abolished their institudons (189 . ATHENS. AthensT^'' ''"''^ ^"'^ ^"^ ''''^' ^^^^' ^"'^ ^''^""'y of _J^hen8 was founded (1556) by Cecrops, who came a view (o .iefaii"" "'« ''"'o^ h"v"g been o, t „f A,. r u'""'"" "" "'''"•'"■y '1'^" I'e was driven heco'„rt"'rn^^"'°PT'" (?«8)- J'ippias retired™" ftl" J .^■"""' ""'' """duotcd the Persiatis whm hi«to;y7''" ""' "'^ "'"^ ''"'"""' P"'<"^ "f Athenian f,o!^...""f ^"'i'''"' P"™'' °f Athenian history was jari or the reloponnesian war Tho ^thon,'.,,,. ^^ *l times accomplished the moTrwonderfu d" ds of v^^^^^^^ and courage. Their country seemed to abound iu extrt m-dmary men : such were, Miltiades, ThemTstoc les Irt Ides Oimon. Pericles, Alcibiades, Co^on-St „' ^^^^^^^^ ed by their consummate skill in war and their enSt talents as statesmen ; Socrates, Euclid Plito f nl] phi osophers; Hippocrates, the' pHnce'of p^ ckn^'^^ rawful n!^ his wr tings and by his sL4es dur "g tht awful plague that vi.sitcd Athens (430) ■ the noet. inucydides and Xonophon, and numberless others (*). ^^^*l-^'^llt!^\:L^^^^^^ -n of various Homer,Siinonides Alcffius Snfnn^ f' ''^P"'"'>^8— t'oets : Orpheus, Orator.^ : Lvdias r>o,^ratJ« ^ Y • ' ^®^'<'«' Herodotus, Ctes as Statuaries? pS dias po !c'«^- ^""'' **' ^^' "^"^ ^^«™««»»»«°««- -Painter« : Po'^^futt'SVfc' i^l^T^^L^"^ 80 piJo of aT ""'""'' »«■• was » 1 '■THEBES. wJiatVa/.i!!'"'"'*''^ Thebes In /i •'« of writing bv m ° "»«, 'ie use „f ^ ''"own i„ .tr^ b^ .he"!" P°'"'of iotclee- ali' ^^'b^nl '?« Persians. Ti,„;J"^ '"^eeks for havi,L u ^"'^ 'on^ it) The nror(1 ».~ «ov«rnor p«|. ». «*• terminate ? f««^theLacedf:^ ';" g'ven to .•<, "^^d by Cad- ^laJs "'? ^'^ 'tais, and the ^^ 'J^bebans ^^ ^ere ion- '^^^b joined ^?8 iu the gained over ) and Han- r destroyed >v«rnor pog. Of THE GRKEK8. 31 CORINTH. 96. Where was Corinth situated ? Upon a narrow neck of land Which joins Pelopon- nesus to the continent. It was called the et/e of Greece Its situation being peculiarly adiiptcd for givini; it a superiority over the neighbouring states. The Corinthians were a conimorcial people; they formed a part of the Achasan confederacy, and were the last who fou'^ht for hberty against the Romans. MACEDON. 97. Who is commonly called the founder of the Mace- donian Empire ? Macedon was peopled as early as 800, B C • but the foundation of the Empire is commonly attributed to Phihp II (360), the pupil of Epaminondas and the father of Alexander the Great. He was of a warlike dis- position and a man of great addres*., but faithless and cruel in the choice of means to forward his ambitious views. The sacred war, in which all the Grecian re- publics united to punish the Phooians for their sa- crilegious attempt to plunder the temple of Delphi (*) gave Philip an opportunity to conquer Thracia, and seize on the piss of Thermopylae, whence he advanced into the very heart of Greece Proper. The Athenians and Thebans, though urged on by the mighty elofiuence of Demosthenes, were defeated at the battle of Che- ronea (338), Alexander, then 17 years old, commandino- the left wing of the Macedonian army. From that time, the Grecian states fell under the control of Philip • he suffered them however to retain their laws and government, being anxious to secure their interest in the plan he had formed for the conquest of Asia. 98. At what age did Alexander the Great ascend the -a UiC:r UwaSuIdv ii iuv Muipie. "''"'"fitted / ""^""'^ had the n «»« Great ?"*^'°''t account of ehn • '••"^^"'i i"n/ f ^ *^ the ^,, , ^^e^anJer Mr. a// 1 ^'•"^^"'i hhn p'^ *^ the ^,, , '^^'^^"Jc """J' "f I0„ooo '" '"'"bo? ,^"" ""d soon *° "<•■'■ o ' ft'iorosifv rr*^««i with ^ ^ado n,.; ■^"^^o, Syna: t.J''^y\ Be n„.. ''*. every *.,. P'^^^oners. ' (/ ■^Sb^— .^^^ " '"tBj III Bf«9. ""'"■' °''-a.,-„„ t,,„ OP TUB QRiiiKS. 3sr * "^^ Alexander ,' tjJence re- "^^(i with J 'n iis re. ' luxury o^jf)ed in riotnndduhauchory; and ho at len.fh foil a viothn tn (324 B 0.) *^ ' ^**® ^'^'^ 3^®"*" 0^ his ngo 101. 'I , whom did Ah ...n.lor bequeath his Krnfi.o ? 10-. What bocame of the po-toritj of Alexa.Hlcr ?^ 103. Who was the h„t of tho Macedonian kin 2, ? (.178) (*) the son of that Pljilin wiTn.n .h, ,, ■'"" consul Piu„.i„i„, ,,,a „o„,p., 7"^'!'" tsir'f^ capt,.e to ll_,,„„, „here he died in 2 a n„ nl-^t Mi.r|.iniih.u,r™e!Vi;',i,,±lI'Jl'.'''".'')''.'.'''''«''i« nir...d „t Ki-'el. luuiJM aiB trtivr, uiitiuiea of -w 1,11 # . ^l-e Greet, " '^''•^ "■» iiotaf,?^' "'''»'• 'h< """'J- *hhh,,M'""'''i over He,V ''"^°''-*^.np^ni':r»'Ui.ei^^^^^^ ^^-e«a.y Question, ^^ QUESTIONS ^"estiojis. blic S^anies of >^l^; the '" iionor of Heron /ea. e fruif fiir A tree, • box/no- M Were yjJJ worthy of '0 exhibj. ^e thern .• said an ^ wbioh PROMISCUOUS StJJPPLEMENTARY QUESTIONS. 35 3. Name the most splendid of the Grecian festivala. t..;^!^^^^^'*''*''?" ^°*^' '"^ goddesses had thei^ ap- po nted feasts ; the most renowned were those of BaS- chus at Athens, and of Ceres at Eleusis. The " myg. teries were ceremonies of a secret reJigion, in which none but the initiated eould participate. ' To reveal 0,^,1 f.f "*"""" ^^'''' performance, was deemed a crime of the greatest magnitude. 4. What was the Neomenia ? A feast observed every new moon by the Jews, Greeks, Romans, Gauls, and most of the Easlern nations. ' AthenS ^""^'""^ ceremonies were observed by the The bones of those who had fallen in battle, after being strewed with flowers and perfumes, were eipo ^d durng three days in an open tent; they were then enclosed in coffins, carried I-ound the citj, rnTfinall? deposited m a public monument called the Ceramicus. ^ ioirnTSryV"^'""' "'^^^^^'^^^^ °^^"^^-^^ .Jot'L^'T' f™^'^g*he Greeks, wooden monumentg erected m the place where some signal victory had been obtained and were either adorned with real arms and cobre taken from the oneuiy, or had warlike instruments carved upon them. 7. What were the words on the monument erected to the memory of Leonidas and his companio . ? " Go, traveller, and tell Sparta we died here in obe- dience to her sacred laws." fi u Yt'^ happened to the soldier who ran from the Held of Maratlion to Athens after the battle ? ExhaHsted with fatigue and bleeding from his wouods. he had only time to cry out: « Eejoioe I we are con' auerors. AIWI lmimo/4;n>f»i»> '" spo gyrjt ^^' ^^at ..ere .. - ^^^ ^^^« ^ost eie ^''^vifj a„. ^ . * ^P^^tan conver- J ^'^s a prove, b. ' ^ ^'^^««^c answer fP . ♦yuat were the P^^ The Ov ^^'^was/a f ^«^'n^d thfu^e of ""'^^ ^«ade„„e3 wh . ^4- What Was fh. r ^ ^^''^s of m. ',, ^^'^enians ^"C'-entlv a ? ^^'^""^ ? ^ ''''^^^■«^«. Converted fn* "^^'^ cledicatpW . . ci.,„,edr' ""» " PuWc Xo :^,^H;°. aft...,,, >. ";. and tragedy, by Tb/ •'""' ">«« 6f o "• Of what did the « . "'•' ^^^*'^- "" per- «f^opfed at A tu from i '^^''^ of t'^o 'tnus of thfl- ^^• Athenians ? ^"f the Greets? '^'': "^i^o Attic '' '^'^ «iost eie.' '"^*«n conver. ^^^ ffiom La. f Athenians ^J' exercises. orators de- h Suza. n-sisfc ? us; the ") ^7 its 05 i per- paoMisonous supplementary questions. 37 feet of all, by its lightness, grace, and richness. To these three orders the llomans added two, the Tuscan and Composite. ^^ J J- Name the Seven Sages of Greece, with a saying Solon, "Know thyself."_Chilo, "Look to the end ^R ^o;;.^^/fe."-P,ttacus, «' Know the opportunity,"— A< AIT f'® "^ morehnd than good (men.)— Perian- der ' With industry nothing is impossible."— Oieo- bulus " All with measure."_Thales, " Sureties will soon be losses." The Seven Sages were contemporaries, and met several times together. 18. What was the remark of Anacharsis, the Scythian philosopher, on the laws of Solon ? " The Athenian legislator, said he, has committed to the wise the charge of dclibemting, and left to fool^ the dtcision. 19. Which are generally reckoned the Seven Ancient Wonders of the world ? 1. The brass Colossus of Rhodes; 2. The Pyramids of Egypt; 3. The x\queducts of Rome; 4. The La- by. ath of Psammeticus ; 5. The Pharos of Alexandria • 6. The Walls, of Babylon j 7. The temple of Diana at Ephesus. 20. What are the Arundelian marbles ? They are ancient marble tablets, found in the Isle of Paros, about the beginning of the 17th century, and supposed to have been sculptured B. C. 264; they contain the chronology of Ancient History as fur back as B. C. 1582.— They were bought by the celebrated Earl of Arundel, and afterwards presented to the Oxford University. , 21. Who was Sanchoniaton ? A Phenician writer, and the most ancient of profane hisiorians (i5. 0. llUO). 38 '^J me eJn« <.• ^''^torn no** ^ ■ an ^- ^^at bon., ''"'' ^t the mi. "^^lirno of ti L ^^S/;-':. -^i^^r-os ^^"^o:;'''^r --.^ I**- ^bM is ,..,,, ^ ""^ -'•Romans f; Tbi ^ 'P'«"di<( en,"'". '""'«« to ^RY ^^^^TIOSB. '^■ ^oofc the tin ^'"'^^^•^ at th. /f *«^'en and ^oots Of Zoro. * *o death ? ' ^^eciao CO. *"^ cruelties nysius the ®' and the ' it offlans '« part of onors to ■imts or the ti 030 PROMISOtTOUS SCPPLEMENTAtlT dUESTIONS. 39 to I irth"'„f wr,/''""?- '^^'^- '^»°™'' '■™"' 'hrf^ "i'y all ver!!i?" "'"" '''" ""^ '^l'^""^" P"«»'^ particularly They were partioi.larly versed in astrnnomv Dracti«e,I ™ed,e.,,e .nterpreted dre.,„, and professed^;."™"::;] hr^.^A ^'"' ""^"^ ^''^ *''^ Phcnieiuns so hio-hlv cole brated among ancient nations ? ° -^ For their skill in navi^ration ; their many curious frT"' 1 u , ?'<^h'tecture, carving, &c. Thev were 31. Give a few details on the Carthaginians ? . The Carthaginians were governed durin- 500 years Tp M iT y ^'^ "'^"^ ^^^»^bl« colonies throughout he Mediterran, a. and even, io is believed, as far as the Canary Islands. Their armies and fleets were ::rZL'\T''''' '^'^^y ^^ -ercena^^soldl and sailors.~They were reputed deceitful in their tneir military leaders, cruel in their relio-ious rites frequently oftbring human sacrifices to Saturn and he Moon their chief divinities. Their riches arose in part from the silver mines of Spain, once very productive 32. Who were the Scythians ? The name of Sc>/thian. was common to all the rnsTflh'"^" T^" '?t^'''^ the most northene^ f difflnf " •'? "^ r'^*^- U"^^** ^^"««« chiefs, and the whole Tf"' *^'^ T^"^^^*^ ^^ ^^^^^g^'^ nearly the whole of Asia and the eastern part of Europe whilst many imnosin^ nvmi^a !,..„„ i^-_. i. , . t^*'' 40 PROMISCUOUS SUPPLEMENTARY QUESTIONS. tempting to follow them throujrh tlioir lonely deserts. The Purthians were of Scythian' origin. 33. What remarkable circumstances present them- Bclves to our notice in the history of ths Arabs ? They are the most ancient unconquered nation in the world, at.d the most abstemious. In them has been fulfilled the prophecy concerning Lwael, from whom they are pricipally descended: " Is;uael will be a wild man, his hand against every man, and every man's hand against him, and he shall dwell in the presence of all his brethren." From Agar, their mother, they were called Agarrasim ; hence their modern name of Sara- cens. ^ 34.^ Cai^ you give any particular account of the an- cient inhabitants of India ? Very little is known of them with certainty prior to the conquests of modern Europeans.— Their country was, as It still is, justly famed for the richness and beauty of its precious stones, silks, perfumes, and spices. Iheir religion, characterized by the belief in the trans- migration of souls, their laws and customs, have ever made them an easy prey for the ambition of conquerors. Iheir sacred books or Vedas, are written in a dead language, called the Sanscrit, 35. At what date does the authentic history of the Uhinese begin ? "' About 800 years before Christ: but their fabulous accounts extend through a period of 272,000 years be- fore the creation I *' 1,- ^^fi' mu"1?f .^^' ^'^0' ^^» «« so'^e will have it, Noah himself. iheOhmesekingsare divided into twenty-two successive dynasties, comprising a duration of above 4000 years.— 1 he most gigantic monument erected by them is the famous ^all, 1500 miles in length, built (B. C. 215) along the northern frontier of China, to prevent the incursions of the Tartars. It failed of its object as have ever done similar attempts to arrest bv rnfir^ «- liuciui Doundanes the march of a conquering army QUESTIONS. loir lonely deserts, in. ses present them- hs Arabs? iquered nation in In them has been niael, from whom lael will be a wild and every man's in the presence of mother, they were rn name of Sara- count of the an- sertainty prior to — Their country the richness and i'umes, and spices, elief in the trans- stoms, have ever on of conquerors, itten in a dead tic history of the it their fabulous 72,000 years be- yill have it, Noah into twenty-two on of above 4000 erected by them ;th, built (B. C. tiina, to prevent 3d of its object, 'rest by mere ar- uering army.