IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I MS Li|Z8 lis ^^ ■tt iiii |22 £! ■<£ 12.0 u M 1 I^KA |l.6 mum ^ 6" - ^ FhotogFaphic Sdmces CorpcHHtion '^ ^ i\ ^^«8^ ;\ as VnST MAM STRHT viflnsTM,N.Y. usao (71«)t73^S03 ^^<^ ^ CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian inttituta for Historical IMicroraproductions / Inatitut Canadian da microraproductions hiatoriquaa Technical and Bibliographic Notas/Notas tachniquas at bibliographiquaa Tha instituta has attamptad to obtain tha bast original copy availabia for filming. Faaturas of this copy which may ba bibliographically uniqua. which may altar any of tha imagas in tha reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. D D n n □ Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers dsmaged/ Couverture endommagte Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restauria at/ou pelliculAe I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque Coloured maps/ Cartes g4ographiques en couleur □ Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrationa en couleur Bound with other material/ Reli^ avac d'autras documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La re liure serr6e peut causer da I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge intArieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouttes lors d'una restauration apparaissant dans la taxte. mais, lorsque cela Atait possible, ces pages n'ont pas 6ti filmias. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplAmentaires: L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 4tA possible de se procurer. Les details da cat exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du point de vue bibliographiqua, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mAthoda normala de filmage sont indiquAs ci-dessous. pn Coloured pages/ D Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagias □ Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurAes et/ou pelliculies E Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages d6colortes, tachaties ou piqui piquAes □ Pages detached/ Pages dttachies SShowthrough/ Transparence Transparence Quality of prir Qualit^ intgala de I'impression Includes supplementary matarii Comprand du mat6riel supplimentaire Only edition available/ Seule Mition disponible I I Quality of print varies/ I I Includes supplementary material/ I — I Only edition available/ Pages wholly or pertially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc.. have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalament ou partiellement obscurcies par un fauillet d'errata. une pelure. etc., ont M filmtes k nouveau de fapon A obtenir la meilleure image possible. This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est film* au taux de reduction indiqu* ci-dessous. 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X V 12X 16X aox a4x 28X 32X iplaire Les details niques du •nt modifier •xiger une de filmage ed/ iquAes itaire The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Nationai Library of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated Impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol — ^ (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. IVIaps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right aiid top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire filmi fut reproduit grfice A la g4n4roslt4 de: BibliothAque nationale du Canada Les images suivantes ont At* reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet* de l'exemplaire f llmA. et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprimte sont filmis en commenpant par le premier plat et en termlnant soit par la dernlAre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, salon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont fllmis en commen^ant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en termlnant par la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un dee symboles suivants apparaltra sur la darnlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols ^^ signlfie "A SUIVRE", le symbole ▼ signlfie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent Atre filmte it des taux de reduction diff^rents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre reproduit en un seul cllch6. 11 est fiimA A partir de Tangle supArleur gauche, de gauche A droite. et de haut en bas. en prenant le nombre d'Images ntcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants lllustrent la m6thode. i by errata mad to nent , une pelure. I fapon A i 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 01 \ / REPRESENTATION OF TllK I.OU'DS (M)MMISSI()Ni:i{S VOW TUADh AND Pr.ANTATlONS TO THE KING, IN TllK sTATi: OF Tin; ivitnisii colonies NORTH AMERICA. f M 1 Ilo»f.l of Tra.lo. ri». (IfUl. iK), N.>. 3-; King's M»., -.'iS, p. 1, -.#♦- 1721. I . II WEKD, PAKSO.\> >V ( o., ALliA.W. 1854. .H f^ REPRESENTATION UPON THE STATE OF HIS MAJESTY'S COLONIES IN NORTH AMOtlCA. -•••- TO THE KING'S MOST EXCELLENT MAJESTY. May it please your Majesty. In obedience to your Majesty's commands, we have prepared the following state of your Majesty's IMantations on the (-ontiiient of America; wlierein we have distinguished their respective situations, Governments, strengtlis and Trade, and have observed of what importance their commerce is to (Jreat Britain, whereunto having added an account of the French settlements -nd of the encroachments thoy have made in your Majesty's colonies in those parts ; we have humbly proposed such methods, as may best prevent the increase of an evil, which, if not timely prevented, may prove destructive to your Majesty's interest ; and have likewise oflered such considerations, as, in our opinion, may contribute to the improving and enlarging your Majesty's dominions in America. Your Majesty's plantations on the Continent of America, beginning from the North, are Nova Scotia, New Hampshire, Massachusets, Rhode Island, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Pensylvania, Maryland Virginia, & Carolina. And although Newfoundland, and Hudson's IJay are both of them parts of your Majesty's Territories in North America, yet neither of them being a Colony under civil Government, or lying contiguous to your Majesty's other Plautations on the continent, we have made no mention of them in this represention. lii'jircscutation on the ^ H % NOVA SCOTIA. Nova Scotia, as nppoars I)y flic Patent uraiitcd I)y ymir Maji'sty's Ffoyal jirtMlorcHSor King Jaiiu's tlic rirst to Sir Wiilinin Ali'Mind.-i- (alti'iwanls civatiMi I'.ail of Slcrlinp) I ring date till' ID'hol'ScpttMiihiT Kit.' I, contains all llic lands and Islands, lying witliin flio promontory, foninionly callfd Cape SaMcs, Ix'ing in I'orty tlirtc dcgrt'cs ot' \()rtli l.atilndf, or llii'n'alionts, tluMii'c wt'stt'riy to the iSay, cunnnonly calli'd Si Mary's i'.ay, iV from tln'ncc Nor'lu'rly in a straight lint- liy the mouth ol that great I'.iiy (which rniis easterly up the Conntry, i\ divides tile two nations called Suri(piois iV Ktichiniiii s) to the ri\er Sidnt Croix, thence westerly to tlip iicad of that liiver, thence northerly to '.lie next hay. which discharges itself in the Kiver S' I^awrence; thence l'',asterly along the cim-I to flic l>ay of t laspe. thence soulh-easterly (o the Bncalio Islands, or Cape iirelon. \- leaving' i! :il island en the riulit, and the ( iidpli ol S' Lawrence & Newfoundland, and tlie Islands theretn liilniigiiig on tli-' left, thence to Cape llrclcni. in (he liatitude of J-'j degrees, or tliereahouis, theiice South we.sl to Cape Sables again. ^^'e have made use of this ancient Charier fixing the houndaries of Nova Scotia, hecause tiie french are daily setting up new pretensions i.) a \ery ureal pai'l of this i'rii\ince alllio' the I •.'"' article of the treaty concluded at I'ireclit. r\pressly provides, that No\ a Scotia shall he uivcn np with its Ancient i)oundaries, & nolhim: :< excepted (int of thi* cession iiut Ca|)e i'.retoii, & the other Islands, lying in the mouth ol llie river of Saint liawrence, \- the Cnlpli ot the same name. The (iovernnient of this province, hoth Civil &• >iilitary, is entindy in your .Majesty; i)nt as tiiere are hitiierto only two or three i'.nLrli^h families si'ttled here, i)esides the Carrison of Annapolis, there is very little room for tic exercise of Civil Covcrnno'iit ; neither lias your Majest}' any revenue in this Country, the lands not heini: vet jieopleil, iV irranted out upon (piit rents, as in the other Colonies. 'I'here are two Towns in this i'rovince, besides Annapolis ; Minas, &■ ,'>heganektoo, hoth settled hy Ireneli iidiahitaiits, ahoiit •J'lHU jiersoiis in nnmher, wiio liave remained there t^ver since the cession of this Cdunlrv to i ler late Miijeslv, iuit are entindy in tile fronch interest, tV hy iheir conmuuiieanon \- inlerniarriages with the neighlioring Indians have gained them to their party'; wherehy liiey are enahled upon any occasion to euL'age the said Indians in a war against your Majesty's Suhjects. &.- hy some late accounts from Nova Scotia, there is too much reason to believe, that tiiev do, at this pres^Mit jniicturc, use their endeavours to instigate the said indians against the (larrison of Anuapoiis, iV others vour .Majesty's 8ui)jects fishing at ("an<;o, vV upon the Coast of Nova .S'otia. The little trade, derived in this Country at present, is eniirely in the hands of these french inhabitants. It consists chielly in lish, wliicli is more plentiful here, than on any other roast of America; they have likewise some furrs \- Cattle, hut whatever products or Merchandize the french inhabitants liave to dispose of, is transported hy them either to Cape IJreton, (iuelu'C, or directly to France, which is to the prejudice of Creat liritain; for which reason, as well as many others, it is absolutely necessary for your .Majesty's service, that these f'remdi inhabitants should he removed; for it is not to be exp.-cted, that they will ever become good std>jects to Your Majesty, & there is all the reason in tlie world to apprehend, that, upon any rupture between the two Crowns, they may opi'iily declare in liivour of franco. It was provided by the Treaty of Utrecht, tliat the Crenel, inhabitants of Nova Scotia sliouid have a year allowed tiiem to remove from thence, with their elTects; but they have iong since lapsed tiiat time, & sucii as remained beyond it were, by tiie said Treaty, to become subjects State of this Colonies. T) to H(«r Into Majesty; lint tlicae people, \w'\\\\r influenced hy their Priests, have hitherto uniuiiinoiiHly refused to take the oaths of Allej;ian(e to your Majesty, unless they may he allowed an exeeption in favour of France, which would render their engagements to your Majesty entirely inetleetual. Hut as we foresaw, that dilliculties were likely to arise upon this suhject, so in the instructions which wv prepared (or('oIonel I'hilipps, Your Majesties (Jovernor of this I'rovince, a provision was made for this Case, & he is enjoined to proliihit the said french inhahitants refusinji to lake the <>.iths, the iiherty of lishiiiu; on the (Coasts, and to prevent their removing their eilects, till your Majesty's further pleasure shall he known; & considering their behaviour, we are of opinion it will bu for your Majesty's service that they should he ordered to quit the I'rovince. But as to their eU'ects, in regard of the friendship subsisting between the two Nations, provided the said Krench inhahitants do leave their immovable efVects, such ns Barns, & dwelling bouses, in good condition, we should humbly conceive, they might by your Majesty's special should be settled as soon as possible: which reason, we would humbly propose to your Miijesty. the sending tour Kegiments thither; and altho' we are sensible of the expence this would occasion for some time to tJreat Britain, yet we believe, the same will not be thought unreasonable, considering the inclination the french have shewn to enctoach upon your Majesty's frcnitiers in these parts, the great strength they have at Cape iireton, in the neighbourhood of thi.4 I'rovince, which will he increased by the removal of the frenca inhabitants iroin Nova ."^cotia, (altho' that will be a much less evil than sutl'ering them to remain where they are,) and that uo other way, so speedy as this, can be proposed for peopling of Nova Scotia. We are likewise of opinion, that all due encouragement should be given lo such of your Majestv's subjects, as shall he willing to settle in this I'rovince; and that your Majesty's (Jovernor may be enabled to pursue his Instructio)'.:^ upon this head, we take the liberty to lay before Your Majesty the necessity there is, that \ ur Majesty's Surveyor CJeneral of the woods should be tbrthwith ordered to repair to Nova Scotia there to set apart "J 00, 000 Acres in certain tracts of Land, contiguous to the Sea Coast or Navigable rivers, proper for producing of masts & other timber for tiie service of your Majesty's Itoyal Navy; for after this shall be done, & not before, the said Governor is empowered by his Instructions, to make Grants of land in small parcels, under the (iuit rent reserved to your Majesty of one shilling, or three pounds of hemp for the service of your Royal Navy, for every fifty Acres. If this Country was well settled, it would be capable of a very extensive trade. There are to be had as good masts, as any in all America, in great plenty. I'ilch, Tar, llo/in Sc Turpentine may be made in all parts of the (.'ountry; & Hemp & Flax might be raised there without great expense ; to which, in our opinion, all due encouragement should be given, that (Jreat Britain may in time, become indepeiulent of her Northern neighbours for Naval Stores. But the branch of Trade in this Country, which seems most capable of immediate improvement, is that of the fislu-ry upon the Coast, from ('ape Sable, to the gut of Cam;o, which is perhaps more valuable than any other in America; but for want of protection against tiie Indians, 1 r . Jieii)\yfiit(ttioH on the iKhabitinp Novtx Srotia, wl.o nro rntir.-ly in tl.« Fn-nd. i.-tfrrsf. foxv BritiHl. VossrU .hn- to vtMit.iri. t.) ci.iv tlinr lisl. iImt.-; .S: tli." Kivncl. tmm IMf' llivi...., .•oi.lrary I.. Hir h.a(v ol Utred.t ( l.y whicl. tl.ey an- expressly fxclii.l.d iVon. all kind ul lisliin^ on tlu- .oaM.s whirl, lit- towards tl..' Kast h.-ginnin.u- Iron, il.o Island ••oninu.nly call.'d Sal.lrs in.lnsivfly. and ihrnre slrctci.ing along towards tlu« South wt-st. ) ingross almost tin- nitiiv hnu'lit ol tins valnal.lf trad.', to whic'li tlu-y liave B.-t up an nnr.-asonable prrti'mr, as app.-ars l.y tin- .iaily dis|.utfs w.- have with liu-ni concerning the lishory at t'ans'o; lor whicli reasons, it wouhl i)c lor jour Majfsti.'s Service, that some small Forts mi-hl he i)uilt without loss of time, in juoper phwes upon the Coast & Islands from Cape Sahles to the Cut ol (.'aii<,-o, lor the seiuriiy of this Trade, &. particularly on Saiiil (ieorge's Island, which is one ol' those that I'orni the (.'ape ol l.'anso, & has the greater Cominaiid of tlie little 15ay there ; which will i)e the more necessary, in regard that there are no Forts or Ibrtilications in this Frovince. hut one at Amiiipolis Koyal, in the Hay of Fuiidy, with a (Jarriaon of live conipmies of ahout forty men each; whereas the Irench nt tJape Uretoii are very strong, having huill two consider.ible Forts there, give all manner ol encouragement to such people as are willing to settle with them, & are actually settling some other Islands on the t'oasl of Nova Scotia. It will likewise be of great importance, that a small man of War siiould be constantly employed to attend this Colony, wliich has at present so many dilliculties to struggle with. .f5 f NKW IIAMFSIIIUK. The next Province is that of New IIamcshiiie. The soil belongs to a proprietor, but tbe Government is iti your .Majesty. This Colony lies between the Massacbusets Hay & liu' province of Maine, wliicli last is comprehended in the Charter of the .Massacbusets liay. King James tlie First, did, by his Letters patents ot the thinl of November in the 1^"' year of his Keign, grant to tlie Duke of Lenox (under the name of the Council of Flymouth) "All that part A: portion of that Country, now commonly called New Kngland, which is situate, lying & being between tbe Latitude of 40 degrees & 1^ of .Northerly Latitude, together with the Seas & Islands lying within one iiundred miles of any part of the said coast of the country al'oresai«l." Tbe Council of IMymoutii did, by their Indenture of the T'*" .November Hl"J'.t, in tbe S"" year of tiie lleigu of King Charles the First, grant to John Mason of London Ksij. that tract of Land now called New Hampshire, the boundaries whereof are as follow, viz' "AH that part of the main Land in New Kngland, lying upon the ."^ea coast, beginning from the middle part of Merrymack river, & from thence to proceed northwards along the Sea const to Piscattaway River, & so forwards, up within tbe said Hiver, iV to the furthest head thereof; & from thence Northwestward, until sixty miles be fmished Irom the first entrance of Piscattaway River & also from Merrimack througli the said River, and to the furtiiest bead thereof, & so forward up into tbe Land Westward, until Sixty miles l)e linished; & from thence to cro.s8 over land to the sixty miles end, accounted from Piscattaway River; together with all Islands & lsl»?ts within five Leagues distance of the premises, and abutting upon the same or any part or parcel thereof." At first this Province was under the Government of the Massacbusets Bay ; but in the year 1G79 King Charles tbe second separated it from the Massacbusets Hay & appointetl a President & Council to govern the .same; & in the year l(jS|, His said Majesty appointed Edward Cranlield His Governor of this Province; when the said Mason did, lor tbe support State of thvt>niH>N & profitR. uh HJiould from time to time arisu to liim, his heirs, or AHHigns, out of tlie Maid province. The properly of the lands here was sonie years afterwards sold l)y Mason to one Alien whose heirs (»r Assigns are now in possession ol them. The nnmher of people in this I'rovinee upon the arrival of Colonel »Shnte, the present (Joveriior, in tlie year I7I(», was computed at ahout !>00(), of which there were 1600 men, very few wiiite servants, and l.'iO blacks: the increase during the last four years, was ahout 500. Tlie Indians, that bordered upon this Province, are those which are called the eastern Indians, entirely in the french interest. Lumber, Fish, Masts for the lloyal Navy, & Turpentine are the chief produce of this Province; they build some siiips, but not so many since the last war as before; they have some mines, which produce very good Iron, tho' but little of it hath been hitherto forged; there are likewise great quantities of Stone, in which 'tis believed there may be silver. The annual produce of these commodities is very uncertain, the price falling \' rising according to the demand there is for them, seldom exceeding t".'JO,()(K) per Annum of New Kngland money. This Province would produce hemp & flax if proper encouragement were given for it, & the people had good seed for the first sowing. They export their Lumber, & some part of their fish to the neighbouring Governments of the West Indies, & to the Western Islands, from whence they get their Wines. They likewise have sent some Lumber, tar & Turpentine of late to this Kingdom, in exchange for liiinen & woolen manufactures; but they have some supplies of this kind from Ireland also, either directly or by way of other plantations. Their best & most merchantable fish is exported to Portugal 8c Italy & the produce of it generally remitted to this Kingdom except what is returned in Salt for the fishery. '['heir fishing is much increased since the Peace with France, but the Lumber trade decreased, by reason of the low price it bears in the West Indies, & the little encouragement there is to send it to this Kingdom, because of the duties on that commodity here. The Ships, trading directly from this Province to foreign parts, are now very few, not exceeding «'U in number, but they have about lOU fishing vessels, &^ the number of sea faring men is near 400, tho' many of them not settled Inhabitaats there ; and there are no manufactures carried on in this province. There is but one fortification in this Colony, called Castle William and Mary which is situate at the mouth of the harbour of Piscattaway, on which there are forty two Guns mounted, & it is in a tolerable state of defence. The constitution of this Province is the same with nil others, immediately under your Majesty's (Jovernment in America. They have a Governor, Council & Assembly. The Governor ic Lieutenant Governor for the time being, are appointed by your Majesty, as is the Council, which consists of twelve persons. The Assembly are elected by the people, & consisla of fiUeen, but the Iteveuue of this Province is hitherto very insignificnut. JitjmWIltllliiKI ell the «"' MASS.UMirSKTS |;\N. 'I'lio IVoviin'i' of tlie M.\sMAnir!-i:T'M Miiy. wnst I»y Ifltcri* Pntcnf (Vmn Kiiiir .liiiiifs ilii> I'lr;.!, dati'd tlu! !{"' tif NovciiiImt in llic I >>'•' N.'.ir ut liis \■^•\\^u, gniiilcd In llif Coiimil cslalili.Hlii'd at I'lyiiioiilli, \' llii- niiiil C'tmiicil did, liy .m In.lfritiin' under liicir Con m Scid. lifiiriiif; dali- till- lii"" day ol .March, in tin- ■"!'' year ol llif ri'ifjn of Kinjj Cliarlfs tlu' lirsl, ^raiil all llic • lid liUnds nionlioni'd liicri'iii to irrtaiii ihtkoiis, ilifir lii-irM &: assi^-iiM, wliicli wnt •■onlirnird liy . > said King ("liarli'?t in tin- foiirlli year of liit riign. llowfMT, in lii^l a Judunifnl \w'\\\^ given ill llic Court «if Clianiery upon a seirr f.ii.as, llii' said patent w.is vacated liy Kioi; CliarleM the second. Uut upon a IVtitioii id' tlie Agents of ll.al Colony to tlieir late M ijestieM King William Sc Qiiei'ti Mary, praying to In; re-incorporaled, wn formerly, tlieir !nt about t)|,t)()0 souls. The Militia ol this I'ruvince, consista ot Sixteen regimentsol Toot, &: iit'teen Troops ot horse, in which were mustered, «> Anno 17n-j Men 9,012. 1710 I(),!»17. besides .100 in service. \1\H 14,!t:io. '• ;{00 otlicers & 800 exempts. 1,000 Hy this account it appears, that llic Militia is increased above one third in sixteen years; & if the said militia be supposed to bear only the proportion of one sixth to all the rest of the Inhabitants, including old men, women &' children, it will naturally follow, that upon a proportionate increase, there must be at present above J0,000more inhabitanta in New Kngland than there were there in 17t>ti. There are also in this Province several families of the native Indians, wlio have been civilized by degrees, these make some profession of the Christian Religion, improve their own lands, & dwell in perfect friendship with your .Majesty's Subjects, their number (including wome!! it. children) amounts to about 1,'JOO. The products of this Country proper for the consumption of this Kingdom, are timber, turpentine, tar & pitch, masts, pipe & bogshead staves, whale tins & oil, ic some furs. They supply Spain, Portugal, Sc the West Indies with considerable (juantities of tish ic Lumber. We are likewise informed, that they have mines of several kinds, which might be wrought upon proper encouragement. Their 'J'rade to the foreign plantations in Americn consists cbietly in the Exportation of Horses to Surinam, and (as we are informed) to Martinico, & the other trench Islands, which is n very great discouragement to the Sugar planters in the British Islands; for without these supplies, neither the trench nor the Dutch could curry on their sugar works to any great degree ; &; in return for their Horses, they receive Sugar, molasses & rum. ;:•!■ . 10 MepremHittion on the i li-! In this Province there nre nil sorts of Common ^fanuractiirfs. Tlu' Inliahilanis have always worked up tlieir own wool into coarse Cloths, druffuets, & serges; hut these, as well as their lioniespun linnen, which is sjenerally half cotton, serve only for the use ol the meanest sort of people. A great part of the Leather used in the Country is also manufactured among tiiemselves; some liatters have lately set up their trade in the |)riruMpal Towns; iV several Irish families, not lonir since arrived, & settled, to the Kastward, make yood Liniu-n & diaper; however, the excessive price of Ial)our enliatices tlu> value of idl tlu'ir manufactures. It is therefore to he presumed, that necessity. iV luit choice, has put them upiui erecting manufactures; not having sulHcient couuModities of their own to ui\e in exchange for lliose they do receive already trom (!reat Britain; & the most natural method of curinir tliis evil would he to allow them all proper encuiiragement for the importation of Naval Stores, & minerals of all kinds. The hranci) of Trade whicli is of the greatest importance to them, \' which they arc hest enahled to carry on, is the huilding of Sliips, Sloops \-c. And according to our advices from thence, they have anmially launched from I 10 to KiO vessels of all sorts, which at 40 tons one with another, amount to GOOO Tons; & altlio' liie greatest part are huilt for account of, lu- s(dd to the Merchants of this Kingdom, & in the plantations, nevertheless there helongs to this Province ahout 100 sail, which may contain S.OUO tons, & are navigated with ahout 1,100 men, besides l.!)0 boats, with 000 men, enipoyed in the tisheries on their own Coast. Their Iron works which were erected many years past, furnish them with small quantities of iron for common use, hut the iron iin|iorted from this Kii'gdom, being esteemed much better, it is generally used in their ship|)iiig. The fortilications in this province are Fort William on Castle Island, in the harhour of Boston, which Commands the entrance, \ is kept in very good repair. Fort Mary at Winter-harbour, and Fort George at Brunswick, at the head o( Casco bay; & besides the (iarrisons, that are kept constantly in these forts, they maintain others at Augusta, Northtield, & Arrowchick In the year 171 *>- 19 the charges of supporting the (iarrison at Fort ^ , ,, WMIliam amounted to ., 13('cJ. 1. ;\ The repairs of the said Fort iy7-j . 1 1 . ] And the charges of all the other (iarrisons amounted to t»07i>. 'J. 10 in all fH0().15. \l In the neighbourhood of this province there are hut few Indians well alFected to us, except the five nations near New York, who are in alliance & friendship with that (Jovernment, & maintain for the most |)art neutrality with the frencli Indians. To the Kastward there are but two tribes of note the Kenneheck, & Penobscot Indians, whose mind)er doth not exceed ."iOO fighting men. The rest are scattered up &• down in snuill parties, they are generally inclined to the frencb, whose missionaries always reside amongst them, & seduce them to their inteiest, but the Canada Indians, viz' the Hiirons, Illinois, & other nations, who are entirely directed by the frencb, are numerous: & in the late long wars, being assisted by them, often fell upon our western settlements, ravaging & destroying all before them, & barbarously murthering many of the inhabitants, whereby this province was involved in the great debt they are still labouring under; & having no money, nor any provincial product, such as Tobacco in Virginia, \ State of the Coloniea. 11 or Sugar in the Islands, tliey have been constrained ever since to support their credit by publicly bills, whicli are current in payment, but tliey have till very lately, raised money every year for sinl^ing tlieni by degrees & according to tiie Treasurer's accounts, they burnt as many of their old bills as amounted to i'217!)2. 1'.b"' in 1718, & 4:2i.',244.1&'.6'' in 1719; & issued new bills, to the amount but of 4.15,000. Hut amongst many other irregular & unaccountable proceedings of the last session of Assembly there, we lind they have passed an Act for emitting new Bills of credit to the amount of l-'iO.OOO, in direct opposition to your Majestys instructions upon that subject. The total expense of this province, in time of war with france, was generally computed at .£35,000 per Annum & since the peace at jt" 17,00(1 per Annum. In 111.' year ending in May 1719. i; • d The Land & I'oll Tax was given for 82.50 The Kxcise with some arrears produced 2S'')S. 1 1 . 7 The impost on wine, & other (!oods 5111). !). The tonnage on Shipping 022. 7. 1 The light House account, & lines OS. 1 1 . r> in all 116,1)48. ly. 1 but deducting what is applied for discharging their former debts, the certain annual charge of the (lovernment is about ^,11,000. The j)ulilick accounts are all annually exaniincd & audited by the (leneral Assembly ; & no payment is made, before it is votefassac]iuset\s l$ay \-c in the foUowini: words, vi/' "And lastly, whereas the Lords S|iiriliial & temporal in I'arlianieiit have also by their " forementioned Address liuinbly proposed to His Majesty, that the Colonies of Connecticut, " Rhode Island & Providence Plantation, linviui: their (iovernors \-, Assistants chosen Annually " by the people there, having no proprietors here in Knsiland, \- beinu become a great receptacle " for pirates, & carrying on several illegal trades, contrary to the Acts for the (iovernment of •'the Plantations, the (iovernors of those several places, may therefore be obliged to give " security to observe &: obey all inslruclioiis that shall lie sent to tlicm Ironi His Majesty, or "any acting under his Authority pnrMiaut to the several Acts of 'I'rade, relating to the "Plantations; His Majesty's Will & i'leasurt' is, that the respective (iovernors ot these "forementioned Colonies do give unto yen sm-b security, accoiding to the form of a liond " |)rei)ared here, l)y Our Attorney (Icm ral for that purpose which will be herewith delivered " to you, & that you therefore accordingly reipiire it Ironi them." But the said Instructions having not been continued to the succeeding (Jovernors, we conceive it necessary, that it should be repeated. As to the number of inhabitants in this Colony their trade \- state of their (iovernment, we have but very imperfect accounts; \- imleed the .Mislea/ances of tiiis vV most of the other proprietary (Governments are so numerous, that we shall not trouble your Majesty with them in this place, i»ut will take leave to give our liumble opinion concerning them in the concluding part of this representation. COWKCTICIT. Co.vxECTiciT is bounded on the Kiisi by Narraganset Uiver. commonlv i ailed Nurraganset Bay, where the said |{iver falleth into the sea, on the .North by the hue of the Mass.ichusets plantation, & on the South by the sea. This government is upon the same foot as Rhode Island, under the same regulations of (iovernment, & liable to the same inconveniences. ! I M:\V YORK. The Government of \i;w Yokk, in which Long Island is incbid.'d, is bounded on the South west by tlie province of New Jersey, .North west by D.daware river. North by the french settlements on Canada river. Last by the Colony of Connecticut, \- .Saith by the sea. This Government is in the Crown. V,.iir .Majesty ajipoints the (iovernor, & Council, which consists of twelve persons, the Assembly is chosen by the |)eople, & is compo.sed of nineteen members. The Governor in this, as in all other Provinces under your .Miijesty's immediate (iovernment, has a .Negative in passing laws. His salary is XIMO per Amuini, payable out of llie revenue of the province. State of tile Colonies. 13 Jl J no fixed revenue belonging to tht? Crown, besides tb« quit-rents, whicb liave been estal)![ u'd only since tiie year 1702, by an Instruction from Her late Majesty to tlie Lord Cornbuiy, then Governor of that province, at tlie rate of 2' C' on every 100 acres of land to be granted from that time, & are to l)e accounted for here in this Kingdom. Tiiese quit rents have not hitherto amounted to much more than .£100 a year; but having been put under a better regulation by Hrigadier Hunter, the late (jovernor, it is expected they amount in some time to more than double that sum every year. The revenue raised by the A8send)ly for the support of tiie (Jovernment, has never been granted for any term exceeding live yei'.rs, the last grant of it was to expire this year; but M'' Burnet the present (iovernor, has got it prolongi-d for live years more. The natural produce of this Country consists in provisions, which are sent to the British Islands in the West Indies; in Horses sent to Surinam, Cura(,oa, & 8' Thomas, & in Whale-oil, & peltry to this Kingdom ; besides some Naval stores, which this Country is capable of producing in very great quantities, if proper measures were taken for this purpose. In the year 1701), a scheme was proposed by this board, & approved by Her late Majesty, for employing ;{U0() I'.ilatines in this work. Accordingly near that number were sent over, to be maintained at Her Majesty's rxpense, till they could be settled so as to provide for their own subsistence, & be able by their labour to repay by degrees the money advanced on their accounts, of which number 2227 were settled on several |)laces contiguous to the Woods on Hudson's River, employed in preparing of trees lor the making of tar, & had actually in the year 17 i;{, prepared above 100,000 trees, capahlt! of produding about ;300()0 barrels of Tar, which, at S' |ter barrel, the price it was then sold for at New York, would have amounted to ^12,000, but before this could he perfected Brigadier Hunter, who was at that time Governor of the I'rovince, after having subsisted those I'alatines, as long as In- ]was able to do it, upon his own money &'. credit, without receiving llu' promised remittaiu'es from hence, or orders to tliscoiitinue the undertaking, was obliged to put a stop to it, when it might otherwise havf proved a very great advantage to this Kingdom. Some ot the I'alatines remained, and applied themselves to husbandry &c. The rest dispersed into the neighbouring Colonies, or into distant parts of this province, where they siltleil themselves in a riotous maniu-r, on lands belonging to other |)ersons ; & having presented a petition about two years ago to the then Lonls Justices, in wliich they .Nations ol Indians, might most jiroperly be made tin scat of (iovernuuMil tor a Captain (imeral 11 your M.ijesty shall think lit to appoint one. \- a barrier to the .Neii,ddioariui; Colonies Tor this reason, particular care should be taken to put the torts already built in the best condition they are ca|)al)le of, \- to build others in such places, where they may best serve to secure & enlarge our Trade & Interest with the Indians. \ Iweak the di'sii.'ns of the I'rencli in these parts; lor this purpose, it would be of great advaiiMire to build a fort in the country of the Senecii Indians, near tlu' Lake Ontario, which perhaps might be done with their consent by the means of presents, ami it should tlu- rather be attempted without loss ol time, to prevent the freiK'h from succeding in the same desiLin, which tliey are now actually endeavouring at. We should here give a particular account of ihe al)u\e mentioned live luilions of Indians, if we bad not occasion to do it in another jiart of ibis represi ntation, relating lo the consecpiencf of the communication between the french settlements at Canada & Mississipi, & to which we tlierefore beg leave to refer. NT.W JKKSKY. !^ i I I 'I'he Government of Ni;\v .Jiceimcv is boutuled on the Kast bv Maidiattan's Ishind \ Long Island, & part of the Sea. & part of Hudson's river, on ihf West by Drhiwarr I'.av or river, which parts it from i'ennsylvania, & Southward to the uiiiin oci'an, as far as C.ipc Mny, ai (he month of the said Delaware iJay; & to the Northward as far as to the Northernu)st branch of the said Day, or Kiverof Delaware, whidi is in H DcL'rees |o minutes dC Latitude; \- cro.ssing over thence in a straight line to Hudson's River in New York, \- is in il Dcgrc's of latitude, as a|)pears by their Charter. The proprietors of this Province did Inrmerly appoint a (Jovernor lor the same; but in the year 1702, they surrendered their rialit ot Covernnient to II, r late Maj.'sty; & the (Jovernor of New Y'ork hath ever since that tin:,', bfcn appointed likewis.- ( Iovimiku- of Ibis province; but they have .still a .separate Council of |-J persons a|)point.(i by the King & an .\.ssenibly of 24 persons chosen by the people, who make their own Laws. The greatest number of the inhabitants are (imikers, of whi.h the Council and Assembly chielly consist. This iVovince rai.seth by their assenihly about V-MO C per Annum, for the support of their government; hut they think it a liar.lship to pay a Salarv to a Covernor, who resides in another Province, & would be willing to raise still a further sum for the maintenance of a Covernor. who could resi.le amongst them, which they conceive would gr.Mtly advance the trade & welfare of this Country. § State of the Colonies. 15 This province prndiicps nil sorts of pr.-iin or corn, tiir inhabitants likewise breed nil sorts of Cattle, in ^rn-at quantities, with \vli:cli they siijiply the Merciiaiits of New York & I'hiladeliiiiia, to carry on their trade, to all the American Islands; hut were they a disliin't (iovertnnent, (having very pood harhonrs) nn'rcliants would i)i' encouraged to settle amongst them, & they might hecome a considerahle trading people; whereas, at present, they have few or no ships, hut coasting vessels, & they are supplied from Nt!W York & I'hiladelphia with English Manufactures having none of their own. The Iniiahilants daily increase in great iiuuihers from New Kngland, & Ireland; and before this increase, the militia consisted of about :i(Mi(i men. There are hut few Indians in this (iovernmcul, & they very innocent & friendly to the Inhabitants, being under the I'omniaud of the live nations of Irocpiois, & this plantation not lying exposed, as some other lirilish Colonics do they have hitherto built no forts. There is great (pianlity of iron on-, iV some copper in this Piovince. 'I'he have oidy two patent (Kliccrs, viz. an .\ltorney (■eueral &• ii Secretary. And as all ji.itent Otlicers appointed in (Ireat iiritain, are generally unwelcome to the plantations, so, bv several Acts of Assembly their fees are so reduced ( especially the Sfecretarys) that they are not sulVicient for his subsistence. rKNNSYLVAMA. This iVovince is a proprietary (iovernment, granted by Charter of King Charles the second to William I'enn Ksii in the vear 1(1^0. y Its 1 loundaries, agreeable to the said Charter, arc Newcastle County on the South, the river Delaware on tiie Kast, unto 4:{ Detrrecs ol .Northern Latitude, & from thence a Meredian line run westward, which is to extend •') Di'grees in longitude. 'I'here are likewise certain Lands lying upon Delaware Hay, commoidy called the three lower Counties, which are reputed part of I'emisyh iinia, & are now actually uinler the same (iovernment. These liuids wei'c granted to the said William I'enn, in the year Itl^'J. by King James the second, then Duke of ^ ork. Hut as the validity ot that (irant has been more than once (piestioned particularly in the year 1717, u|)on the |»elition of the ilarl of Sallierland praying a Charter from your Majesty of the said Lands, the sanu- was reterred to the then Attorney & Solicitor General, who nnide a report dated 21" October, 1717. Hut there having been no (urther proceedings on that petition, we need only mention, that it appears from the said Heport, that your Miijesty is at least entituled to a moiety of the rents, issues and prolits \\ hich shall arise on the said uids contaiiuul in the s.iid grant of the Duke ol York, made in the year l(i>:,', allho' the saun- should be valid in Law. And we the rather take notice of this, because we find, thai in the reign of the late (ineen Anne, about the year 171'J, an agreement was made by the then Treasury with William I'eiin Ksij' for the purchase ot his (Mivernnu'Ut ol renusylvani;i, & the three lower Counties, h)r the Hun> of 1 -',00114.', one thousand [tounds of which was paid by warrant of Her late Majesty, hearing date l)"' Septend)er 1712. & as we think it our duty on all occasions to represent the advantagi's, that woulil accrue to your Majesty & the I'ublick, by taking proprietary poverinm-uts into your own hands, where it nuiy be done agreeable to Law & .Justice, we now beg leave to olfer our opinion, that it woidd be lor your Majesty's S( rvice to have the said agreement eomplealed, by payment of the remaining 11, 000.1!; & whether the rents, issues & 1^ JJ 2('j Heprestntation (m the profits before mentioned ougl.t not to be Mecounted lor, &• n.a.le part of ti.e said payment is limnbly submitted. . Ti.is Province beinij a proprietary gov. nin.ent, as ball, been l.elore inentmned. tl,e proprietor ti.ereof bas the appointment of a (iov.rnor, nvI,... nevertl.el.-ss n.nst be lirst approve,! of by your Majesty, lie iiiie wise nominates tlie i;..un.il, and tii.- Assembly are eie. led l)y tile freeholders. There is one eireiiu.stanee very partici.l.ir in this Tharter, vi/.'. that Ih. proprftor liath live years allowed him to transmit his Laws h.r the Koyal approl)atioM ; hut the Crown hath but six months for the repealing ihem; witu.n wliieli time if they are not repealed, th.y are to be reputed laws to all intents \- purpos.'s whatsoever. Irom wheiiee it li,(piently happ.Mis, that several Laws, unlit for the lloyal Assent, eontinue in force lor live years, & alter having heeii disallowed by the Crown, are enaeted a-aiii, vV by this piaetice beeonif in a mannrr prrpetnai; & this in our humble opinion, is a liirtli.r reason, why the helorementioned pmrliase vV agreement should he made and eompleatcd. The soil of this Conniry is various; light & sandy near the rivers, hut rich iV of a deep black mould further from the v.-ater; h.Mii,' well cultivated hy the industry of the iiduiliitants, it produceth whatsoever is necessary lor lile. The river Delaware (the oidy one of cmisetiuciicf to trade in this whole Country) is exceedingly eommodiiuis for Navigation except in llu- two nionlhs of December \ .lauuary, when it is usually Irozen up. Tiie natural produce of this Country is w lieat, beef, pork, \ hnid)er. Their Tradeconseipienlly consists clnelly in the exportation of llii.>c to the several jiarts of llie west Indies, vV Miidciras; from whence; in return, they take rum, sugar, Cotton, Spanish money. \- wine. 'JMiey likewise build manv I5riganlines &: Sloops lor sale; but having lew or mi mamdaetures ol' their own, they are supplied tlu'rewith Irom (Ireat Uritain, to the yearly value of ahout 'JO.lKKt.t. .\iid as this jirovince does greatly ahouml in iron, so we have good grounds to helieve, that, il proper •■lu'onragement was given in (Ireat liritain, to take oil" that, iV tiieir liudier. the people would thereby he diverted from the thoughts of setting up any manutactures ol their own, & C()nseut il must be allowed, that, to supply this defect, they have taken care to cultivate so good an understanding with their neighhour Indians, by going yearly to their principal Town to renew their peace, & hy tlieir fair & just dealings with them; that liitherto they have fouiui no want of any force to protect themselves, & probably may not for smne time to come, if the Indians are not instigated hy tiie Artilices of the French to insult & disturb tliein. But the endeavours of the French to debauch the Indians from the interest of your Majesty's subjects in America, & likewise the importance of maintaining & iin|)roviiig tlie strictest friendship with those Indians, witii the jiroper inelliods ol doing the same, being particularly treated on in another jiart of this rejiort, we sliall mention nothing lurther upon these heads at present. Stat^ of the Colome-^. 17 MAUVhAM). Mnryliiiid is w I'rovinci! Hituatcd in tlu' (('ntcr of tin- IJrilisli I'laiitations on tlie Contiiu'iil of Aiut'rira. It coiitaiiis, as apjx-ars by a "charter j^raiitcd liy Kitifi Cliarlcs tin; first, dated tlie yo"" of June in tlie s"" year of liia reign, to Ceeil Calvert, liord IJalliniore, all that part of a peninsula, lyinu; hetween the Ocean on the Ka.st, & the hiiy of (Jheseapeake on the West, & divided from the other part thereof, hy a right line, drawn IVoni the promontory or rape of Land railed Watkins point, situate on the said liay, near the river Wiclion, to the West, into the main ocean on tlie east, & between that hound on the south, unto that part of Delaware I$ay on the nortli \vlii!U the (ioverument of this IVovince was provisionally resnmepiiig inward, & the extraordinary charges of the (iovernmeiit are likewise provided for by the Assembly as occasion requires. Tlie number of Inhabitants was ciuuputed in the year 170-1. to be yo,5;J7 men, women & children, &■ L47-'> slaves young & old, in all ;{•"),(»! -J. In the year 1710 was computed ;M,7'.t(), whites, & 7,});j.5 negroes, in all 4:i,74l And in tfie year 17 l;». was computed "j.'j,000 while inhabitants, \'. 'JS.OOO blacks, in all 80,000. From whence it ajipeiirs, that the Iidiabitants of this province have increased to above double the number in 1") years, &- altho' some part of this increase may liave l)een occasioned by the transportation of the rebels from Preston, by the purchase of slaves, as well as l)y the arrival of several convict persons, & of many poor families, who have transported themselves from Irelaiul; yet it must be allowed, that Maryland is one of the most flourishing provinces upon the Continent of America. 'I'bo Militia ia about H,OUO men, well armed, & excellent nuirksnieu. • .1 1. ' .i 18 jReprc-^entatinn on the There are no forts, or plin-es of (left'iice in lliis iirovince; l)iit tln-rc li;is ln'cn liitcly lniill iit tlie piiblick ohiiru'ea liirne Miii.';i/.iii.' at .\imii|M)lis, wliicli is well pruN ided witli s|>are Amis lor ( (luainiiv ()(' Aminiiiiilion, tt» iiiaiiitaiii wliicii, vV to make ad laid l0 foot, \' (UK) limse, witii a u'l'ea n further provision of Arms & Ammunilieii. there is a duty of :>'' per Imu'sin Asseml>l_v on all toliaeeo exported. The Indians wiio dwell within tiiis pro\ inee. tlie inhahitanls. do not exceed oDd, \ tiiey live peaeeahly with The neifihhotiring Indians are reported to l)e many form dalile nations, w ith w lioin tlie pfO|ile liave hut little eomniiMve, this country Iciiii; a peninsula, Inn tiiey have heen carelul to make tiiose on the frontiers their triends; ly which means they have lor some time enjo)eil a perfect trancpiillity 'I'he soil ol this C'onutrv is of dillercnt kinds hut most ot it sand v. wlien eidlisati'd with little ahour, it uives a vast increase, \' luoi ires all thiiiiis m'cessarv for lile, that (Ireat Britain atfords, with which the inhahitants plcnlilully provide for their siiloistence. Tohaeco is the staple eomniodity of thi^ pro\ iiiec of which ahout :in. or ;!'i,(ii)i) hoL'shciids are yearly exported to (Ireat Mrilain. 'I'lie inhahitants export some tohaeco to the other plant.'itioiis, as also urain, heef, pork, iV liiinher, lor whiili they ha\e in return rum \- sii^ar. They likewise send some corn to the Madeiras for wine, hut the most part ot the wine they have from tlieiiee is purchased l)y hills of Kxchanire. Whilst tohaeco answers, in its price, the planter's lahoiir, all inanufaiMiires, iV all other trade, that mijjht arise from the product of the I'ountry are laid aside. The Inhahitants wear the like ('loalhiiii;. &• have the same luriii I lire within their houses with tliose in this ixiniidom. The Siaves are cloathed with (ottDiis, Ker.-.eys, llannel, \- i-oarse liiinens, all imported; tV it is computed that Miis province coiisiiiues ot' Uritish Manulaclures to the value of .i':.'(),i)(K) per annum. No mines are vet discovered here, except iron, which are \erv coininoii, hul not wrou'-ht. for want of a sutlicient stock, \- persons o\' skill to eULMLTe II I sui'h an uiidcrlakiiiu. The numher of ships helonaini: to this province, are only lour small i'.riuantiiies, \ not more than 20 Sloops for the Sea; the inhahiimts not heiiii: inclined to navii;alion, hut dependinj; upon British hottoms for the exportation v\ ini|)ortation of the hulk of their tr.ide : \- there iia.s been employed of late years .ahove IdO sail of shijis frmn (Jreal Britain. 1' V I VIKXJIMA. Tlie Government of this Colony was at first under the ilire.tion of a t'oinpanv; hut thev being dissolved upon their mal-adniinislration, in the year K, •_'(■!, ||is .M.ijeslv Kiui: Charles the first took the (jovernnient into his own haiuls, \- settled such laws ,;>: constitutiiuis in that province, as were agreeahle to those of tliis Kingdom. Accordingly the nomination &- appointment of the Covernors, as well as the Council (whicii consists of twelve persons) is in your Majesty, iV the (leneral Assembly (consisting of IKty two [Jurgesses) has been always chosen by the freeholders. Tlie strength & .security of tins Colony, in a great measure, depend upon their Militia; their plantation-s being usually at too great a distaiwe from one another to be covered by (orts or towns. James Town and Williamsburg are the only Towns in the wlio'e Country; & tiiere is no Fort of any consequence for the security of their great navigation &ti-;\de, but at James Town. -Ssaai State of tliii Colaiik'^. 10 Ilowf'ver for tlu'ir protection UKaiiiHt tlio liidiiiiiH, vvlio inliabit nmon^st tliem, & fliat live to the Wt'slvviiitl lliey iiiivr cri-ctt'd (Miii.sliiiiina, \- hoiiu! oIIiit Forts; & tlu' ('ouiicil & Assciiildy liav«' lately proponed to your ^l.ljt■.sty a scln'iiic tor st'rurin^ tlic passed over tlie j^reat ridj^e of iMoiiiitaiiis wliicli lie on the i)iii'k of this I'rovinee, dividiii^r tlieni from the freneh, & Indian Nations in the Irencli interest, whereupon we have sometime since reported our liumbie opinion to your Majesty, & Iteg leave upon this occasii)u to repeat, that we conceive their proposal to lie deserving of all reasonahle eiit'ourageiiieiit. Their Militia in the year KI'K), consisted of (ii-OTO liorse & foot In the year 17t);{, there were mustered. . . . 140;{. Ollicers aiOI. Horse 17'J4 Dragoons .'Jl!)> foot lO.O.'Jti. and in the year 17 lo, they were increased to about 14,0(10 in all : from whence we compute, supposing the Militia to be a sixth part of the whole, that the total number of the inhaliitants, ( exclusive of negroes) amounts to about 84,000 souls. This province is divided into lio Counties; iS: the |)roprietors of all the lands that have been taken up in l'() of the said ('ounties, pay an annual ..•^ 1^ > f lifprcfitufatioJi o'l f/ii And upon tlu> snnn' iiu'diiim, 111' < .stalili.xl ii'd iiliirit'H i> &' iimmmtt'd to II' ordiii; '1' And till- ('Diiliiiuriit K\|)('nsi'S. I7f..i-J. r, it' ;». 'I'lif t()t;d Aimiial ("hiiiL't'. hh iirori-siiid %vliiili I'xci'fds tli»' jiinouiit (it till' n-vt .111'-' III Mil II .11 And tliis excess liatli lieeu i;ener;ir> allowed l)y vonr .Miijesty, as well iis hy your Itoyal I'redeeessors, out of the prodnee ot tlie (juit-reiils. lUit besides the said standinj,' ami ci rtain ihame, for which |iiovisi( nai'ds iV is inaile, as aforesaid, tliis provinee has been always ohiij.'cii, lor maintaining' their j; m L'arrisons on the Indian frontiers, for erecting several ] iihlii l\ ma Liaziiies, \- liiiildiiii;s \ discliari;iiiu other necessary expenses, to 1 evv certain i inantilics ol tohacco, at so many pounds weight per head, or every tylhahle, which conipreheiids all iicrsuns exceedinu sixteca y ars ot au'e, except ss hile women. Th am her of the said tylhahles, accurdiiig to tlieir rcs|iective ii.>t.- in 1()0> amounted to 'JO.r>Q:\. In 1705 to L'7,(>.');{. In 1714 to ;M,r)IO. The principal product of N'irginia is Uihacco; \- in general it's of a better (jiiality tiiaii tliat of .Maryland. Hefore tiie conclusion of the last peace with Iraiice, the N'irginia planters exported to this Kingdom at least ;{(t,()(tO liogxlic;ids per Aiiniim ; hut about that lime, the trade decliuiiiK, for want of foreign consumption, an Act was passed in the 1"J"' of Her late Mnjesty's reign for encouraging the tobacco trade, &: your M.ijesty liatli been since gra<'i(>usly pleased to giv«' your Uoyal Assent to an Act for continuing the same. Hut as this commodity is of such conseipience to the trade of (Ireat Britain, not (uily with respect to our home consumption, hut liki wise to our li)reiun e\piiilatioii fun her occasions should tie laid hold of, for giving some ea-ie & encouragement to the same, by alurllier reduction of the duty, so soon as it may be done, consisteiil with the present ajipropriations thereof. The other branches of the trade hclween this kingdom \' \'iru'iuia cmisist in pitch \ tar, pipe & hogshead staves, skins & tiirrs, \- a few drugs, 'i'hey alsd fxpiut to the other Plantations .some small (luantities of tobacco, provisions, & lumber; but their (Icpemleiice is almost wholly on the produce of tobacco. CAROLINA. Carolina was granted by King Charles the second, to several Lords proprietors by two diHerent charters, the first dated ill"' .Nhireh, in the lifteeiith year ut his reign, which contains all that tract of ground, extending Westward from the .North end ol Luck Island, as far as the •South Seas; Southward as far as the river Saint Matthias; & thence Westward again in a direct line as far as the South Sens aforesaid ; together with all the jiorts, harbours, bays, rivers, isles, & islets thereunto belonging. The second charter, which is more extensive, bears date the yi)"" .liine, in the 1 7"' ve.ir of the said King Charles & reaches as far as the north end of Caratiike Uivi-r or Cullet ; and thence upon a straight westerly line to Wyanoake Creek, which is supposeii to lie in or about ao Degrees and 30 Minutes of Northern Latitude. State of the GJoniw. 21 Carolina is dividod into two provincos, cnlh'd North & South Carolina, vvliich have separate OovernofH, CoiincilH, & A»H«'iiil>li»'8. Tin- (ioveriiors of th»'8t' I'roviiu;t'K have heen usiinily nanied by the proprietors, subject to your Maji'sty's approbation. NOirni CAFIOLINA. NoKTii Caiiomna was formerly part of Virginia till granted to the liOrds proprietors by their second I'harter; and it was at a certain place in tliin province, called Hoanoke, that .Sir Waller HalcigirH HerviintH made their first Settlcnient. 'I'm' boundary that si'parates this province from Virginia being conceived in very disputable terms, hath never yet been finally settled though CommissarieH have been formerly de[)uted by the two Colonies for that purpose, who could never agree either upon the F^atitude, or upon the triu* position of Wyanoke Creek; for the Indians, from whom this place derives its appellation, having often wandered, as their usual custom is, over that part of the continent, and lixed, for certain tinu's, at diU'crent places there, they have left tlieir name to many creeks. The .^outh limits of this ('olony have likewise admitted of some disputes; the Commissioiu'rs of the Lords pro|)rietors having frequently luimed Cape Fi'ar, instead of the river of that nana', for their boundary. The government of North Carolina is sometliing diflerent from that of the Southern province, resembliuir nH)re nearly that of \ irginia; of which, as hath been observed, it was formerly a part, being duided into two Counties, and seven precincts, with petty t^)urts for each ; from whence, in ail matters exceeding a certain value, appeals lie to the supreuu' Court, held by the (Jovernor & Council, which liberty of Appeal as we are informed, your Majesty's subjects at ."^oulh C'aroliiui do iu)t ai present enjoy. There are great tracts of good laiul in this Province, & it is a very healthy country ; but the situation renders it forever incapable of being a place of considerable trade, by reason of a great Sound near sixty miles over, that lies between the Coast & the Sea, barred by a vaSt Chain of Sand-banks, so very shallow & shitting, that sloops, dr»wing only five foot water, run great risk in crossing them. The little ('omnu'rce therelbre driven to this Cidony, is carried on by very small Sloops, chielly from New Kngl.uid; who bring them Clothing Si, Iron ware, in exchange for their pork & Corn : but of late, they have made small (|uantitie8 of pitch & tar, which, 9re first exported to New Kngland, & theiu-e to (Jreat Hritain. We are not thoroughly informed of the number of inhabitants; but acconiing to the best accounts we could get, the number q{ persons in their tythables, or poll-tax, were not long since above IfiOO, of which about one third were blacks. The (iovernment of this Province, having for many years been a very disorderly one, this becomes a place of refuge for all the vagabomis, whom either debt, or breach of the Laws have driven from the other Colonies on the Continent; and pirates have too frequently found entertainment amongst them. There is no great prospect, that these mischiefs should be redressed, unless your Majesty should be pleased to resume this, as well as the Southern province into your immediate Government; in which case, North Carolina might, in our opinion, be restored again to ^'irginia, & put under the care of your Majesty's Governor of that Colony. oo A'tpn^stiitati'iii on tlit i« ''^; .1' \ 'i :. : " ..' * I ■ t 1=' i t?(H ril CAKOMNA. SovTii Caromva .•xt.'n.l>. from Cap" l'''"' '<» ""' riv.-r nf S;,ml Matll.ias. Th.. inhal.itantM of this i.rovin.v. romriviou tl,rins..U.-s to 1... ,11 ms.mI. or u-n-atlv ii.'K tr.l l.y tl.o I.onN I'rnpnHorH, have laU-ly d.-posed llirir (iov.-rnor. .V (•..n„.il. \- d,..srn a n.'w entitie, buck-skins, furs, corn, beef, pork, soap. niyrtle-w;ix, candles, various sorts of lumber, as .Masts, cedar-boards, slaves, shingles, and hoop-poles; but the soil is thought capable of producing wine, oil, silk, indigo, pot-ashes, iron, hemp, & flax. 'i'he number of white inhabitants in this province has some lime since been computed at 9000; & the blacks at 12.000, But the frecjuent massacres committed of late years l»y the neighbouring Indi.ans, at tbp institjation of the French & .Spaniards, have diminslied the white men, whilest the manufacti. ". of pitch &• tar has given occasion to increase the mimber of l)lack slaves, wlio have lately attempted, and were very near succeeding in a new revolution. .> hic!i would probably have beon attended by the utter extirpation of all your Majesty's subject') in this province; & therefore it may be necessary for your Majesty's service, that the C.)verno;- should be instructed to propo.se some law to the Assembly there, for encourayiUj, the entertainment of more wiiite servants for the future. The Militia of this Province dc«8 not consist of above 2000 men; & therefore, considering the circumstances & situation these ;ieople are in, exposed, m cjtsp of a rupture, on the one side to the Spaniards, on the other to th. French, & surrounded l)y Savages, who are for the most part, in an interest opposite to that vi' '"-eat Br'liiin; n iless your Majesty shall be graciously pleased to send a Military forto lo '!. C' iat.y, suf.icient to protect your subjects, this valuable province in all probability ,. ill 'jc l".8t. State of thfi Cdntiie^. 23 own, .lUo For lliid reason w> ti>(»k tb« lil)prty of ropn'Hcntinj^ to the lato Lor*! Juntic^<» th(» nccennity of Ht'iidiiiu! lour n'tfiiinMits llviht-r to |ir»'Vi'iil llic I'liitlH'r rrirroiicliiiu'iiH of !(■.' Frnioli in thourt |mrtM. \\ I' likt'\Vi«t' propoac, lliiii an \\,1| in .isccrlain llu' Itoiiiids ol iIiih |>ihMV incc, wliicli linvt' not liillu-rto ln't-ii (ix»»Mt l>y tin* (.'liiirtiT to tli»' Lords [irofkriviors, rm to «'Xl«'iid ii prott'it the Iriidc of yoiir M";»'s»y's mtlyects lliore, scvoral -sinall forti* «hould \w erocted in propiT pli(('»'H; & till! piirtii'tilar ■ .irt- uli'xild lie lakt'ii to Kccur*' llie Wravij^alion of the Ht'Vi'ral riviTH, fiiipti'vinn tlu'insi'lvi''* in tlionf parts to lltv nortlmiird of **\».rt !' lime a^o new rlirixlcni'd l>y lli« nuiiie ot river May. We svere linnd>ly of opinion that no tinu> sloidd In- lost m n nintfer of tliis c -.•f|nen''t'; IxH-anMt' tin- great dillirnltieH the freiieh iiave lunnd in H e iiuvigation of tin n\ii iississipi., made it neceHHary for llieni to ttecnre a lieller part; j^ nml they did Honu time »#» tftkn reiiHacola Iroin the SpnniardH; which beiiif; Hince, m we are iidorine<(. refito<<>^d, it i very prohahle. the freiich may think of openimj aimther ■■iiriiniittiicatitMi from their gre.il setlU -ent at Mtdiile, down the river Alamalahama to the Western tKcali, which would be n 'lur^ utul blow, that" any that liaH hitiierto been jjiven to your MajeHty'n interest in A'>ierica. 'I'he lorlilications in thin (.'ountry at present lire bnt v«ry lew, & their Hitn.ition nu ndvantaiieouM Charles 'I'own for instance, is regu arly Iwrtilied, & halli about 1' ' mounted on the waiU the largest not exceeding twehe punnd ball. 'I'here in likewise a small fort of about ItMinnttat I'urt Hoyal.and a palisadoe fort nf Savanlia 'I'ov^'n, of •') or () small duns, which lien about 130 miles weHt from Charlc towards the bead o( Saiitee river one hundred & twi ity miles from (Miarle* Town another sinall tort; in all which pliiccM there are al)out o k- hundred men in Carrison. Dnt I'ort Uoyal seems to have been a good deal negifteil, considering it is at prest frontier town, lies ready for the supply ot the Indian srude, & the protection of tlw mt girrisDns, & has an exi;ellent harbour, (or which reason we should think that place ouglit (• be belter secured. It would likewise be for your Majesty's service tliat other forts should be builr n this province, in proper places, lor the reasons whicli sbal he mentioned in that part of 's representation relating to the means proposed for prev. uting the encroachments of < r European neiglibonrs. The Indian Nations lying between Carolina & the freii. i settlements on the Mississipi, ore about !),"Ji)t) lighting meti. Of which number ;{, 400 wh. in we formerly traded with, are entirely debauched to the trench interest, by their n. w sei lenient &' fort at the Albamas. Al)ont ;.'.000 more, that lie between your Majesty's snbjeci^ & those of the frencli King, trade at present, indilfercntly with liolh; but it is to be leared, that these likewise will be debauched by the french nidess proper means be ii? 1!' kf i 26 Hepresentaiion on the prices of those commodities having heen considerably rednced since the vahiations were adjusted in tlie booixs of the Inspector (ienerai of the Customs, from whence tliis is drawn; Iiowever, as we have not the same ol)jection to tlie vahiations of our niaiuifactures & products, we shall lay the same before your Majesty, upon the foot it now stands. From this Account it will appear, that the plantations in America take from hence yearly to the value of one million sterlinir, in British products & Manufactures, & foreign goods. And although the exports charged in this acount to the several Colonies on the continent, amount to no more than .i'4:U,()27. 1 ()*.;')'' yet as the Continent has uiulouhtedly a great share in the General article of entry to the West Indies, as well as in the articles of entry to Africa and the Madeiras, the exports to the Coi.tinent may well be computed at .i".5(l(),0t)0. l?ut before we enter into the par'icular circumstances ol' the plantation trade on the Continent, it will l)e necessary to asceitain the pimripal comiiKulities, wherein tln-ir trade consists, & liow much they respectively amount to; which will ajipear. .Account .\" 'J. It may be observed from this Account, that the exports tn the Continent of America exceed the imports from thence about .t'i200.00fl per ainunn; which debt (iills upon the provinces to the Northward of .Maryland; who probably are enahled to discharge lln' same, by the trade they are permitted to carry on in .Xnn'ri'M, \- to Knrope, in commodities not enumerated in the Acts of Trade, as may be gathered from a State of their Shipping \- 'I'onnage hereunto annexed, N° 3. 4 & 5. although the same is not so perfect as it might otherwise have been for want of returns from the proprietary (Jovernmenis. Besides the advantages accruing to (ireat Britain from so large an exportation, to the Colonies on the Continent of America; from whence, as hath heen already shewn, there doth arise a balance of i;200,()00 Sterling; it is to be observed, that your Majesty's revenue of the Customs is very considerably increased by this tratie; that gr.Mt part ol the commodities, which we receive from thence are such, ;is we should otherwise he ohliged to take trom loreifn markets: & that there is a very great prolit arising from the re-exportation of such of tlie said Plantation commodities to foreign .Markets, as are not expended at home. Our home consumption of Tobacco only, may he computed at '=;,17o,0e('. pounds weight per Animm. .\nd the tobacco re-exported 17,ll-> 7-5'> ditto per annum, as may appear by the Account V 6, wherein the sugars, as well as the tobacco imported & exported for five vears, from Christmas 1712 to Christmas 1717. are distinctly stated. And we have the rather chosen to join them, because they are the two staple commodities of the islands, iV of the Continent whose interests are inseparable, nor would it he possible to support the Sugar Islands, wiihout the assistance of the Continent. There still remains to he considered another gre.at advantage that arises to this Kingdom from the plantation trade, which is, the constant employment it gives to our IJritish Shipping The number & tonnage of th." Ships .Irared from Kngland for His Majesty's Dominions in America, & for Africa & .Madeira, in three years, from Chrislmass 1714, to Christmass, 1717, is as follows. MKM State of the Colonies. Cleared in the snid three years for 37 Shipa Medium iif Iho Ton Tons nu({f^ Vvr annum '210 t)4 55 108 340 «•> '20/276 6,75Hj l,443jr 1,809* 5,883 J 15,6(;'.iii '1.677 8 4,330 5,4-29 n.fisi 47,009 8 , 003 Marvliiiid Caruliiui l'"or the CoDtinciit 8'J'J 10'2,7'28 1 31,'24'2J niirbfttli)pft. . .317 111 '25 33 30 1(1 '2 4 37,849 ll,0i)2 1 ,770 '2 . w>:\ 3,170 22,913 12,fil6jt 3,697^ 590 987 i l.Oitilf 7.«:i7S N,.u» Sainl ('lirl»tiii>li.M's •laintiirii . lt.O 1 hZ\ 71'2 79,917 1 26,639 1 123 t lt'),6H7 5562^ 244 732 1741 200. 0H4 66,fi8Si 9-2 181 1(1,823^ 15,875 ' 1 8,899 In all .1 2,014 226,762 75,587. That in, communibus nnnia, «7I 75.587. 1 J Ancl whereas there were cleared from tliis Kingdom, on a medium of the said three years ending ut Christmuss 1717. for all foreign parts. British Ships 5fiG3, tons 419.681. Foreign ditto 3;J0, ditto 17,446 >■ Per Ann. Ill all 5,093 437,127 it is evident, that the Sliippina; employed annually in the plantation trade only, was more than a si.xtli part of the whole tonnage for that time from the several Ports of England to all foreign Countries. Hut, computing that the other five-sixth parts of tlie said Shipping maybe employed ( a little more or less) as follows, one Sixth, in the trade to Spain, Portugal, the Streights, Canaries, Kast India, Newfoundland, and Archangel ; One 8i.\th to Denmark, Norway & the Baltick ; Two sixths, to (Jermany, Holland, Flanders and France & One sixth to Ireland and the other British Islands; & it being obvious, that the Ships employed in the trangland and the American plantations, employs at least, one fourth part of the Shipping annually cleared from this kingdom. And upon casting up the tonnage of the plantation products re-exported in the year 1717, it appears there was employed near half as much Shipping, in transporting these goods from fl :k 'l; ?1 23 Hqvcaentidion on the lieiice to Germany, Holland, & other Coroign ooiintii.-s, as was omployed in llu- trade directly from tiie Britif.li Colonies in America. Consequently therefore it may he concluded, tluit nhout one third part of the Shipping employed in the foreign trade of this Kingdom is maintained hy the plantation trade. But notwithstanding the advantages, at present arising from the I'lantation trade, are so very considerable, it is not to he doubted, but tiiat they might still he n-ndered mucli more useful, if suflicient encouragement were given to induce them to turn tlieir industry to the production of Naval Stores, of all kinds, & of such other connnodities as otir n.ressilies r.'.|uire, \ which are purchased by us with great disadvantage from foreign Comitrics; from whetu-e this convenience, amongst many otiiers, uould naturally result. — That the more Northern Colonies would be thereby enabled to pay their halance to Kmrlaiid, wilhoiit lying under the necessity of carrying on a trade to foreign parts, in some respects detrimental to their mother Kincdom. r Tlie tolal value of the ImporU frnm £ 187,059 litU , S57 aS2 . 2t)6 34,485 8.'),(i7S 9S,77-.; l.lHj.ii'.t (■5.010 22,607 6,051 92,675 i.")ii,994 38 . 906 882,876 1,102.219 3,391 412 6,898 00 fi 00 5 15 IS d 00 10 10 9 7 1 «> 16 4 7 00 10 6 10 6 16 1 17 7 17 19 6 1 4 00 6 10 1 , 527 . 696 15 No. 1. AiiiiL'iiii . . . iKirS.i.li.cj. .I:tiiiaion . . . Mi'iiiscrnil .N.MS r>t rliri»t»iiliuri) , Niw KnclniiJ. .N.H Yoik. . . ['•nii^vlvania . Viuinin A .Mnryliin,!. Ciirulliin I'l.ANTATIONS ( In ihe ('"iilini'iit (In (lio SiiiTBr li-lnnil*. . . W I'-l Imlu'S ill m'nunil. liiriiiiiilnd IIii'Imiii'8 liav The hital ralur uf Ihp Kt|»ru hi 30,855 14o.tl97 147.931 4.921 12.729 11.182 nis.sis 1» 14 fi n 10 7 1,49.5,499 27,236 4,960 I 12 14 9 9 8 IMalitlit ionn .\lliltt .... Mtt'leira Tntnl 139, 2«0 SO. 314 20,176 209.760 198.276 22 9S7 14 6 11 15 4 16 431,027 348,318 96,986 1 . 396 1,951 16 8 6 8 e 879.680 I (H) 87,415 ' 16 81,427 I 7 1.0(8,523 ' 4 d » 6 6 00 1 3 11 1 State of the Colonies. No. 2 'V\\c priiu'ipiil imports from New Ktigliind, New York, Pennsylvania, Virginia Maryland, and Carolina, are as (oilows. 1 ^ " •' i 17 ;i4o 14 IH 00 IH 14 IH IH 7 fi I'l j I'rddiicL^ tff tin* lliiliiiii Trade. l'J,(|H2 !, \ 00 I 7 3 1 1 4 1 3 4 • of tlie ml I'liintatioii?. of fdrciun Plantations (jf C'ttnipiclie per annum lU.'.l'.MI 7 .liNO Whnl.'tiiia ;),(i7y 'loltlU'.M) i!;!i;,,')8S Ki,.*. I'.i.'^ioo 1) , hHl Koi^\VO(h| 'il.ilOO ■ :tiii.4i'.i 211,112 17 0(1 1 00 Tlio totiil import arponJinjf to the rtf(»r*'fltl (icnl ftocomit . ., Sim'. r)7t') hd.lKPO 17 (Ml 1 0(1 Tin' dai'l itnpdrt rftniiot nmoiint to more tliiin. . ;tii2,r)7rt 17 1 per annnm No. '2. And the principal exports to the said provinces are as follow In lilllTl^ll M >■<( IM-Il'HK li I'koIiIiTi*, WcuilU n Mmuifinliiri'j . . . . Silk wi'iiiiL'lit A llirnwn. . . Liniixim A a«il vlolh Coriliige (iiiii|Hiw(ler l.euihi r wriMijtlil, A mi.l.llf Hra<« A iMippiT wniiiifli". . . 1nI it dliot I'l'WltT In many other guuilks Iruii •(: lli'iiip in utluT liiruigu gooila Foreign (^oo^la. British (iooili*. TIio said Kunt ( per annum ) . But 111 It \r\* 1" III alwiiyi uiiMitiuiunl, tlif tiilal rxt>ort uiii^hl pmliahlv iitnuunl to at lesat;; (prr niKiiiin, ) _" " " • "^ ! lllUi."-! £ 8 .1 147, 4SH 11 t* i IH,4tiH 7 1 11.4r.4 9 00 1 1 , 'JS t fi '.I •>. , :i><2 l.T r. ts.ic.l 12 6 ■2.5(15 C. '~^ 35,ti:U 13 6 •J.H.'iil 9 3 3 , (■.H7 fi n 43,i,m 6 fi 2;i4 , H8(i 3 1 H.'.,413 00 00 I(i,10'2 4 0(1 lo.S'j;) 12 9 1.1 HH 11 I ti.ii'i •■i 11 21,7(i(i ly 9 I3rt.I41 13 l> 2U4 , HHfi 3 1 431,027 Iti 7 i 500, 0W1 00 00 f''l (■ :i 80 Representation on the '.t i; ; .;■■ In three yi-ars from ^'l"" June 1714, to \.\w 21"' June 1717, tlicr*' \\;\n tlrand from MostDii^ the rhief port in tlu' rioviiice of Miissai'linsetts Hay. , !«bl|». »npi 4Vo 23 45 •J3 34 t'.78 113 3HU lis 11 l:il7 ■11,-. I'or llic Urili^ll l»liinil» in tln' W. -I Imlion I'liii'iiin I'iMiitaliiiii* W.sl Iii.li. s Ni\vfiniii.ll:iiul lMiro| If MnJeirii, iVzoits, Ac (Jrciit rritain liriiiali I'lmitaticiiis on lli>' r.>iiiiii..Mit liay of Camp. I'lu! lor l.OL'Woii.i To jiorts uiikiiown The total in tlirco voai'9 That i.«, C'ommiinihnu aniii!* N. 1!. — l.l!''J of tlu' uforesiii.l IJIT thips iiml vc.-Hels, cotiliiiiiinL' .'lSI^'i- !"»<, » 'T plnfitiiiion laiilt Tont Mm. U7,S3I :i,h:to •J . fi>'7 :i<.<3 \.■^T.^ 17,'. I, Ml,-. 'J74 1 >f,:. 2111 l.C.'.H) 1 ■JUtI in.ifin I ft. 11 1* 11, Mil I 1,41J ii,,'.Kii I i.Hsa l.r,76 I TX\ 41,'. I fi3 tl'J , 7 f*8 8.f.li7 No. 4. In tlie said three years there were also cleared IVoni the I'ort ol' Salem, in the same F'roviiwM I Mi'ii, -^llil* 8l'>n|)» Ac. I III 117 p'or tlu' Iiiili>li IbIhiiiI.^ in llif \V,>; Imlics >uriMani Wo-t ln,lit> Kiiroj I' iludiiru Azurer io T..I11 7,'. i IM 3ii4 '< 4n j, y,ii'2 ' i.]&'2 197 4 31 232 fJroftt Hiitain British I'hintation^ on the Contiui'nt The total in three j'enrs . . . . That i«, ("oinmnnihna Annin. 1 J , 2 1 N 2im 1 ,(KI5 13,431 1 , 4116 21) 1,^N 1,7H2 4.477 , 604 No. 5 And from New York there were deartd, in three years, from 24'" June 17 !'> fo 21"' June 17H Hhipn, ?ln<,ps Ac t!3 211,5. 9 K.-> 21 9 fi4.5 21.5 To (iniit Hritain liiitish Plantation- <.n the I'ontiiu'ht , Uritifh ri.inlatioii.s on tin- Man. Ik. . . Niwf..iin.llan.l foreiiin |.ln!ilati.in.« , .\la.leirn-, Afn.'a Ac Km ojic Total in three years That i.<, f'nniinnTiihuR Annis . I Tom 4,;iM2 4 . 2.14 8,77(1 K!i,5 2511,5 1 3H,-| f.l5 22 , 8lt2 7,4«4 Mrn G3M HVl 1,1" >4 fl7 2H2 122 4,613 1 , 61 (4 State of the Colonies. 81 No. (5, SI ilAli, llltoWN. IitiiiMrtpd ( »U. Ill I7I» nil 171ft I71H 1717 ."illH.o-^H til7,»H i;si .:i7H 7'i-.7li.'i re-fxixiriiil Cwu. i(<;i.'Jiii iri7,o;iri li'j.Tiil l.'.l.riH) •JS!) , (nil 111 lln' Kiiiil liv.' yiiir*. ur (.'uiniiiuiiil'iis aiiiiiti. Sl'Hll.'JlH) lUil.ii.'iH Icil.l.M IsCblio llriiiikiiKM) for coiiMimption ; I 4'2'.i, 108 pr Ann I Til." loliil Anmml Import i| filll,(l.')N n« iiforcsiiiil. No. <■). TOHACCO. 1.1 1713 1714 171,1 171il 1717 In llo- auiil tivt> yearn, or ('oiiiiiiiiiiilmii nniiiA. Ui iiiiiiiii'il for i'oiiition . . Tliu tuUl .\iinr.al Import. Importwl »i WI Ki -f xporleil •n ..V.IS.SII7 V'.l. -li 1 .li'.lt 17 .Kill, sill •.!s,;iir.,iih« '.i'J.Oiiip.iiSIl lil,,"ill7,7'.Mi l'.i,ii/)il/.Mil lH.IT'.t.lHI Iti.fiiil.lU lll.SM.I.I-Mi l'ii"i,.'/8>.l.'.IIH\ 8,').71:i,77y •j.-i.Hn.yHi I 17,112,703 .j 8,',75,i'2lil)r Ann.' . I 25,ai7.'.lSl j I iiH iifon'fniil. Mis.-^i.rh will, iufntion probably to bonn.l Ib.ir ou-n f.-rritorirs. as to l!::.;;:^l,a, tl... Lave aln.a.ly ,o.. .Hi a , lav bl. ,m..,un> sball .n- tb.-n o.-as,.n to make furtberintrusions upon tbeir nei^bbours. An.l if xW late «ar ,n Knrope .1,. re t . alUes n,aae so s„..vssn,l elforts a.-ainst the exorbitant power of Iran.e. ba.l not tonn-l Lou,*, the U- eniMbn-ment at bon.e, it is very liUely ll^e Irenrb woul.l bave been n.u.b more formidabU. than tbey are now in AnuTiea. Notwitbs,Mn.ln,t: tbe treatv o( nenlrai.ty (or tbo.e parts ma.le at i.on.lon >n IC---. ou.bt to bave sreure.! to (ireal UrUan. the several (\.lonies. wh.'reof vour Majestv's Woval pre.bvessors stoo.l poss.sse.i at the tun. ol making the sai.l treatv, bat the little reuar.l lb. freneh have to that treaty, will evulently appear bv the evasions \- trivolons pr.'tenees srt on b-ot hv tlnsr ministers .lurine the .bl,ates in the vear If.s? at l.on.bm, winm the l.onl. Muuierbuni. Mnl.ll.-ton. \- t Iciolphin were :,pp...nte.l by kin.' James to eonfer with the iIi.m. tren.b A.uhas.adors >b.i,.s' .le Hanlhm, \ the Menr Dusson (le l'..HirepeauN eon.ernim: ih- houn.iaries of tbe llu.ison's bay (N.mpany, vV altlaamb that Conferenee termmate.l in a Conlirmation of tbe aforesaid Treaty of nentralily, to,i;rihrr witli a resoliili.m of setllin- tbe Immi.laries between the Knu-lish \- Ireneb eolonies in Ameriea, by proper Commissaries, whicii rouliiion lias since been eiiforenl bv ihr in'" Artie!.' of the treatv of rtre.'iil; yet the freneh .dulil nev.T be imlnci'il to enter sincerely upon so m-eessary a work. notwithstandimiConimissariowcr.' lat.'ly appoint. 'd for that purpose, .V m.-l with olher.^ deputed by the trench (.'onrt, at Paris. It is therefore very apparent trom thoe Iraiisa. tions, that there remains no way to settle onr boundaries, but by making; ourselves < oi.siderable at the two iieacis of your Majesty's t.'idonies, North & South, iV by buibUi^' ot toils, as the trencli have done, in proper places, on tbe inlaiul frontiers. The French territories in America extend tVoin the moutli of tlie IJiver S' l.awreiu'e, to tlie enibouebure of the Mississippi, fonniiii; one eoiitiiuied line from North to ."'^outli on tbe l>ack of vour Majesty's plantations, iV altliouiih their garrisons, in many parts, are hitherto Imt very ineonsidt-rahle, v.-t as tliev have, hy tlu' means of their Missioiiarii's, (b-hauched several of tbe Indian .Niitioiis to their interest, vmir Majesty's suiijects aloiu: the coiiliiit nt lia\t the utnn)Ht danger to ajiprebeud from this new settlement, unless timely care be taken to prevent its increase. lint this will he the proper subji'ct of aiiotiier part of this Ifeport ; iV therefore we sball at present proceed to give your .Majeslv an Account ot tbe forts the trench iiave built, &• tbe settlements they bave nnide to sec, ire their communication; ot tbe several rcuila tbey bave practised from (iueiiec to the Mississippi; of tiie Indian nations in those p.'irts, wiiom tbey have gained over to tiuar intere.st, and of those who sliil remain Iriends to your Majesty's subjects. And as tbe most perfect accomil we liave of tliese particubirs, was trai\«mitted to us some time since, i)y Mr Keith, the |)resent (iovernor of I'emisvlvania, we iiobl ourselves obliged upon this occasion to acknowledge bow mucii we arc indei)ted to bis e.xaclness & ap|)liciition therein. It is evident from Fattier neniii|.eii & La Salles travels, tli.it tbe communication between Canada & Mississippi is a very late discovery; &■ perhaps such a one, as no nation, less imbistrious tiian tiie frencb, would have attempted; Imt it must be allow'd that they have a great advantage over us in this particular, to which even the nature of their religion and government do greatly contribute; for tneir Missionaries in lilind obedience io llieir superiors, spend wiiole if ^' State of the Cdoniev. 88 yt'urs in rxplorinpr New Oniintrirs; and thf cncourairpmi'Mt tlic late frtMuli Kin>? gave to tilt- (liHcovcnTS \' [ilanhTs of nt-w tracts of l.itid, (l( !'ar cxct'i'd any advantage your M:iii'slv's iri\,d I'n'di'ccsHors liavf liillirrto uivcii to tin ir Hid)i('cts in Anii-rica; and as wo yoiir .Majcsiy'H Knropcan dominions have lone lit't'n Ixirllicii'd willi tin* t'xptMist; of t Kiii'ffssive wars, tlic I'arliaiiifnt ol'lirt'at IWilian have liitlirrto only lieen alile to assist the IManlatioiis with a very spa-inn liand; allho' considering the great Ifevenne they bring your Miijcslv in voiir Cnstoins, iV the vast iinporlancc ihcv ar»' of to lhetra(h- &: navigation ot these KiiiiidoMis, it is now to ii M' d I icv ma y ill' liioui^lit wortliy of greater attention And imh'ed had this matter iiem sooner eonsidcred, tiie frencli dominions had in'ver Iieen extended from North to South tlirongli llie whole ('(» leagu es lu leu ulli, to the great f.dl of Niagara, wliicli lies between the lakes ()ntarioand Krie, where they are obliged to travel over land again about three Ijeainies, befori' they enter the lake Lrie, wliicli i.s about l^iO leagues in length. From this lake to the Mississippi they ha\e thi'ee diirerent routes. The shortest l)y water i.s upthe river Miamis, or ( )uanHs, on the .out Leagues sail; here the trench have a .'^ettlenu'nt, iV: ollen -KUt traders meet tl lere Along this Lake they proceed about se\en leagues further \' thence to the great Lake Huron about ten leagues; hence tliey proieed to the straits of .Nrichillimiickinack 1-H) leagiu's Here is a (iarrison of about thirty freneh, and a \asl concourse ot Traders, sometimes not less than !(>(»(), besides Iniliaus. being a cot.imon place ol rcnde/vous. At & near this place the Oularwas, an liniian nation, ar»' settled. From the lake Huron they [)ass by the Straight Michillinwickinack four leagues, being two ill breadth, & of a great depth, to the lake Illinois; thence 150 leagues ou the lake to fort ;■■ ■ y. !!: H III r, ;■ U ■ 84 Hepresentation on the Miiimia, aituatt'd on tlie iii.iutli of lln- rivi-r Cliiiiim.).- ; Iroiii Iumic raiiu' lliost^ Iiidiims of tli« aami' iiamt", \\i' Miaiiiis, who an- scttli'd uii ilic lort'iiifiitioiifd river tlial rims into Kric. Tp till' rivor CliiKajioi' tlu-y sail l)iil ;t Icaituea to a passam' of |"' ol a Icaciif ; llu-ii I'litcr ii small Lake of almiil a inik', and have aiiolliiT very Miiall porlai;.', \- a>:aiM anollii-r ol two miles to tlio river Illinois, tlieiiee down the stream lot) leagues to Mississippi. The next rout is Irom Miehillimarkiiia.k on the lake Illinois to the lake de itiians IKI leauneH, thence to the river paans ->() Keau'iies. llience up the sii to a portai:e ol about J miles before they come to the river (hviseonsiiii:, thenee lU leauiie.s to Mississippi. These distances arc as the trailers reikoii them ; hut they app.-ar generally to he much over done, which may he owini; to those pcoiiles coasting along the shores of the lakes, &• taking in all the windings of the rivers. They have another much shorter passnge from Mount h'eal to Lake Huron, hy (he treixdi river on the m)rth of Saint Lawrence \'. Inch comuiunKates with the two latter routs ; hut il abounds with tails, & therefore it in>t so mneli used. They have also hy this river a much shorter passage to the upper Lake, or Lake Superieur. The french have :it all limes, used their utmost endeavours t(» bring o\i'r the Indians to their Interest; &- the missionaries have 1 u so suci'essful in this point, that they have seduced some part of the Iroipiois, commonly called by I he name ol the live nations, from their ancient friendship & dependence on your majesty's colony ot .New Voik : \ although provision was made by the I-')''' Article of the treaty of L'trecbt to |irevenl the like inconvenieiieies lor the luture, yet experience hath shewn that such treat les made with the french, as cannot be alterwards executed without their assistance, are likely to prove inelfectual. We would therefore tollow their example in this |iar(icul,ir, ^- Icse no time, ai least in securing such of the Induin nations, a.s are not already in league wiih tliem. Of this sort are the .Miainis. settled upon the river ol the sann' name, which t'^-s into the Lake Krie, & are about iJ.llOU in nuinher. 'I'be gaining of this .N.ition to the Hrif.jh interesti would be of very great importance ; and as we are informed, miybt be done by settling a trade witli their & building a small tort upon the l,ake Krie, where the Irencli, in 171"', had no settlement; what they have now is not as yet come to our knowledge, though in all probability they have, or will soon begin to huihl one there. 'I'bis will app.-ar to be the more necessary, when we shall consider, how many Indian .Nations, on the back of the British settlements, the french have already gained to their interest. The Illinois are about ;},U()0 men, on or near the river of th.at name. The Oltoways, or .Miehillimackinacks were formerly ;{,U()0 but now scarce oOt). The .Nokes \m) The Kelles avoins t;()() The Sakes 'jdO The Puans CiOO. All these joined the french against the five nations in the late war, \-. all of them, except the Miamis, are seated about or near to the Lake Illinois, which is now commonly calli'd by them .Michigan, and on the rivers that run into it, & on the Lake I'uans, &tiie Hiver Illinois On the .Mississippi, & the hranclu s of it, there are many great nations, es|)ecially to the West, as the .Missouris, O/ages, Acausias, (dilferent from those of Acansa on the Last) with many more, not less, as is atlirmed than GO.OOO men; with all whom it is said the french have peace or some alliauce. ^ State of the Colons. 19 On the otluT Imtul, nil tli« Enplish to the iiDrtliwnrd of Carolina have, n ' liW)0 flfr> iig men in their intert'Ht to he depentled on, except tlie f» nations; — in N w Kiiitlaiii ic Conneclient they iiave very lew; in New York only the river IndianH, tit^iileH ilie uve nations ; — in Jersey & I'ennsylvania, tlieir own or home nations, called Del iwares, are exeeeflinjily decreased and heing in snlijedion to the five nations, take their rules Ironi them; — iti Maryland & N'ir^inia, there are very lew, except those to the South-west, whom Colonel Spotswood with great industry has lately gained hy treaties Ar, hostages. Those ol Carolina, & the natimis lately in Iriendsliip with them, have been very nunjerous, lint are not so at |)resent ; the I'reneli having made great incroachinents in those parts, and gained many (d the Indians there over to their interest. 'I'lius, liy one view ol the Map ol .North .\merita. Your .Majesty will see the danger your Hulijects are in, surrounded hy the Irench, who have rohhed them of great part ol' the trade they lorinerly drove with the Indians, have in great measure cut oil" their prospect of further improvements that way, & in case of a rupture, may greatly incommode, if not absolutely destroy tlicin hy their Indian .Miles. .\nd although the iiritish I'lantations are naturally liirtilied, hy a chain of .Mountains, that run from the hack of South (Jarolina, as far as New York, passahle hut in few places; yet should we not possess those passes, in time, this would rather prove destructive than heiietii iai to us. C<>.\SlI)KH.\ri(K\8 l-\ir Si(uiiiig, ImjiKiiiiig \ I'.nliiigdifr ijnur Mtij(stif$ Dumiiiionn in Avitncti. ITaving laid hi-lore your Miijesty the state of your I'lantations on the Continent, having observed the importanci' ihfir traile is to these Kingdoms, &: shewn how much they lie exposed to the incursions of their Kuropean neigliliours, & of the Indians in their Interest; what further remains is, th.>t we ^ll()uld liumlily oiler to your Majesty's consideration such methods as have occurred to us, for secwriuii, improving & enlarging so valuable a possession, as that of your .Majesly.i dominions in America; which we conceive might most efl'ectually be done — 1" Hv TAKI\(» TIIK M;(KS>y eoiiipariiisi: the Cliarter to Sir Wdliatii Alexander, the lirst projiriflor ol Nova .Seolia, with the article of Cessioti in the treaty of I irecht; yet from tliene iiiireasonalile caviU, ' • lime of profound peace &• frieiilship lietweea the two Nations may he collected, how dedirous the trench, are to ma l-.e tl lemselves in isiers o f tin iii)\ince, which ihev may easilv ovcrrnn on the first rupture, the same heiiii; in a manner already surromidcd hy their sclllemeiits at Cape IJretoii, liOiii; Island, and (^iiehcc. In our liumhle o|iinion, therefore, md time should he lost in puiiini,' nf this pro\ it into a lietter posture o f del cliee vV Wi iliU hei; leave to repeal uiii |HMpiis,il ot seiidliit. Iiilir rcLriinents ot' foot to Nova .*^colia. Without some assistance of this nature, it will he in vain tn lliinU of setlliim Nova ."^cotia; for planters will never lix, where they can have no security tor their persons or ellects, Imt wlienever this main point sliali lie siilli. uiitlv jiroN idcd hir, it is Id he hopeii, so lertile a ('oiiiitrv will not want intiahitanl^'. All reasonahle em ourapenient however hliould lie i;iveii to adventurers to settle there; & in some tormer reports lo your .Majesly, we have hiimhlv otVer'd it as our opinion, that it would he ;:really for your service that the presei.i i"lahilaiitH of Newfoiiiidland should he enirai;ei' to the li-diery of (Ireat iSrilain, and settle in ,\,)v,i this Kingdom. We shall not troulde yniir Majesty with the reperiimi of |he purticiilars nienlioiied in furmer parts of this representation coiiceriiiut.' llie (orlitications proposed In he erected on Ihe ('oa>t of :uit that |>liice, where they drive a trade prejiidieiai ^I'otia, wheie thev mav 1 le iiseliil lo ,\ovia ."^cotia; hut shall hei; leave in mneral to ohserve, that h ivs and harhours Hliouhi I »« secured, \- some forts Imilt in |)ro|)er jilaces tor the protection of your M.ijesly's snlijeciM lishiiii upon the Const. In that part of tliis report, relating' to the french settlenient.s, we have lak en notice nature has furnished the llritish Colonies with a harrier. that wine I may easily he deleiided, having east up a lorn,' ridire of mouatains helweeii your .Majesty's ri.nitations & ihe french settlements extending from South Carolina to .New York; hut there are douhtjess several passes over these ind we had the Mountains, wliiidi ought lo he secumi as soon as ihev shall he discovered honour not long ago to reccommend to your .Maj.'sty's approhation a proposal for fortil the passes on the h;ick of \'irginia. In our opinion all possihle eticmiragenient should 1 VMU to discoveries \- uiiderlak e given ngs of I his nature lor It are not secured, your Majesty' Indians under their inliuence, who are very nunienms. JJul although these .Mountains mav serve ;it present fi ill the p.isse.x over this ridire of Mount 'jecis will he luihle lo ih,. insuhs of the trench, and of lln^< the jiropose them for the houndary of your Majestys Kmpire in .A or a very good frontier, we should not m.rica. On the conlrarv, it were to tie vvisned, that the 15ritisli Settlements might he .Mended hevond il small fort.s erected on the great Lakes, in proper places, hy p lelll, Hom« proprietors; & we would particularly recommend tl ■rniissioii ol th,. Indi e huilding of a fort on the Lake K in rie, SUit^ of the Cofonie^. 8T nH Imth l't'i*n prnponrd by ColonH Spotswood, your MnjpMy'n I,ipu' (lovernor of N'irRiniii, wliiTi'liv the (r»'iK'h commiiiiicjitionH liom (^ii-lxur to tlii- Hivcr Mississip[ii, luiRlit l)0 itit»«rriipit'(l, fi lU'Wlnulc opi'iicd with Rome o( the liidiaii natidtis, & mort! of the tmtivrH •'iiij.r^fil in voiir M:ijt'Hty'H itil»'r»'sl. 'riuTi- will !»♦> till' anmo ri'imon for t'ri'cfiiin; anollier Fort nt llie t'nWn of Mngarn, iii'iir the liKki- ' Milario, M' hiiriift your Majcsty'n tiovt-riior of New Vnrk, liatli already (oriiu'd ii m-lifiiu' for lliiH purpose, wliicli we hope he may he ahle to ex«'nite, hy the coiiseiit & assistance of the Seneeas, one o\' the live Indian Nations dependent on your M.-ijesty, to whom the soil l)elongii. Hut hecani.e these flakes l)e at n very p;rent distance from the Settlements already made hy yonr Mnjesty's suhjeets. to secure intermediate states, a third fort mi^iit he hnilt at the head of I'otomack Kiver; which divides \ ir^inia from Maryland, & a fourth at the head of Sus(juehana Wiver, which runs throu«h I'ennsylvania, into the May of (Mieseaprake. (.'arolina likewise l»ein>{ the Southern frontier of your Majesty's I'huitations, and iyinp mu<'h exposed to the incursions l)olli of tlie french & Spaniards, as well as to the iiisidls of the lndi!"> demands your Majesty's immediate assistance and protection. It would \w for your Majcstys service, that the heads Sc endmuchures of all rivers n i throuph this provitu'e should he secured. .And in our liumhie opinion, a less force than lour regiments of foot will not he Hutlicieiit for the protection of you. ^Iiijf.-,ty'" :;ulijcc|s there; especially considerinu; how many places will rcipiire garri^ons : For hesides those already mentioned under the head of C'arolimi, it will lie hinhly necessary, that three others should he erected on the Savanah, ('atahooche, & IIagoloi,'c Itiver.i; (or at I'alachakolas, on the Savanah Kiver, the french had tormerly a settlement, in the time uf Charles the Ninth, Sc intend to settle there again, if not prevented. A lort on Catahooche Kiver would Hecure a communication with tlie hay of Apolatche, & another on Hagaloge River might not only interrupt the communication of the french settlements, hut likewise give your Majesty's suhjccts an o|ip<)rtunity of gaining the (^herokees, a warlike nation and the only Indians of consecpienee in those parts, that have not already made peace with the french. We are very .sensible, that this proposal will be attended with e.\pense; l)ut we hope it iiidy he fidly justified by the necessity thereof, for the preservation of tlie British Colonies in America. \S RELATION TO THE I.XDIAN'S. The second particular, wherein your Majesty's interest is highly concerned, with respect to the trade & the security of the British Plantations, is that of cultivating a good understanding with the .Native Iiulians, as well those iidiabiting amongst your Majesty's Subjects, as tho.se that borcb'r upon your Majesty's dominions in America; and herein at all times hath consisted the main support of our french neighbours, who are so truly sensible, of what consequence it is to any Kuropean nation, settling in America, to gain the natives to their interest ; tliat they have spared no pains, nor cost, or artifice to attain this desirable end ; wherein it must be allowed, that they have succeeded, to the great preju . ' '" 1 ift- S':'^ |;; ,;: hi . ft! ( f 3S Jiei)/'e/fentatiou on the For this purpose their Missionaries are constantly employed, frequent presents are made to tlie Sachems or Kings of the several .Nations, & eiico\iragemeiit given lor intermarriages between the french & natives; wherehy their new Kmpire may in time he peopled, without draining france of its inhabitants. It was for this reason, that, in the draught of Instructions for the (lovernor of Nova Scotia, we took tlie liberty of proposing to your Majesty that proper encouragement should he given to such of your .Majesty's subjects as should intermarry with the native Indians; and we conceive it might be for your .Majesty's service tiiat the said Instructions should be extended to ull other British Colonies. Your Majesty & your Royal Predecessors, have frequently made presents to the Indian Chiefs, more particularly to those of the live n;itions; but as the same have always hitherto been a charge upon the Civil list, which is generally overburlliened, so those presents have not been very regularly or seasonably sent to America; & consequently many opportunities of improving the British interest in those parts, must iiave been lost, for want of them ; for which reason, it is to be hoped, that more exactness will he had in this particular for the future. It is likewise much to be lamented, that our zeal lor propagating of the Cliristian liiith in parts beyond the seas, hath not hitherto much enlarged the pah of the British Church amongst those poor intidels, or in any sort contrihuteti to promote the interest of the Staie in .\merica; but as it is not so immedifitely our province to propose any tiling particular upon this head, we can only wisii, that the same may be ! realter put upon a better foot. There is however one other melhe '»'t't for gaming the good will of these Indians, which providence has put into our iiands, ;■ il wherein the french could not possibly lival us, if we made a right use of our advantage, ii that is, the furnishing of them, at honest & reasonable prices, with the several Kuropean cummodilics, ihey may have occasion lor, but even this particular, from the unreasonable avarice of our Indian traders, & the want of proper regulations, has turned to our detriment, and instead of gaining us Iriends, has very probably created as many enemies. But as we are entirely of opinion, that the Indian trade, if fairly carried on, would greatly contribute to the increase of your .Majesty's power & Interest in .Xmerica, we should humbly propose, that the same may be put under as good regulations, as the nature of the thing will admit, for on the successful progress ol this trade the enlargement of your -Majesty's dominions in those parts doth almost entirely depend, in as much as all the Settlements, that may at any time hereafter be made beyond the .Mountains, or on the Lakes, must necessarily build their hopes of support much more upon the advantage to be made by the Indian trade, than upon any profits to arise from planting at so great a distance from the sea. This trade then ought by all possible means to be encouraged ; it ought to be equally free in all parts, to all your Majesty's Subjects in America, & all monoi)olies thereof discouraged, that no one Colony, or sett of people whatsoever may engross the same, to the prejudice of their neighbours. All your Majesty's Governors, in their respective governments, should use their utmost endeavours to prevent the traders from imposing upon the Indians ; upon complaint of any injustice done them, cause satisfaction to be made, and, upou all occasions, shew the utmost resentments against the offenders. And that your Majesty's subjects may be the more easily induced to extend this trade as far Westward, upon the lakes & rivers behind the Mountains, as the situation & ability of the respective Colonies will permit; forts should be built, & garrisons settled in proper places to protect them. SUtte of the Coloni€<9. 89 It would likewise he for your Mfijcsty'sservici', that ihc several Governors of your Majesty's plantations should endeavour to make treaties & alliances of friendship witii as many Indian Nations as tiiey can; in which tre.-ities all your Majesty's suhjects should he expressly included; all the Indian Nations, in amity with your Majesty's suhjects, should, if possihie, he reconciled to eacli other; & all traders should he instructed to use their endeavours to convince the said Indians, that tlie Knglish have l)ut one King, & one interest. And if any Iiulian Nation, in leagiie or (riendsliip with any of your Majesty's Colonies, should make war, plunder, or any way molest any other Indian Nation, in friendsiiip with the same Colony, Vour Majesty's (Governors should use all possihie endeavours to ohli>j;e tiie said Indians to make satisfaction for tiieir hreacli of (aith to the party aggrieved. And that all tiie (Jovernors of your Majesty's plantations may he informed of the state of every other (iovernuient, with respect to the Indians, it will lie necessary, that every governor upon his making any treaty witii any Indian niitiuu, should immediately communicate the same to all other your Majesty's (iovernors upon the Continent. We are likewise of opinion, that it might he convenient to imitate the frencli, in sending iiome some chiefs of the most considerahle Clans or luitions, to wliom they take care to shew the (Jlory & splendor of the frencli nation in Kiirope, tliat the said Indians may, upon their return, instill the greater respect for llieni anuing their countrymen. All which particulars would, in our Iniuihlf opinion, much conduce to the securing of the natives in your .Majcstys Interest, & to the enlargement of your frontiers in America. 1\ KKI.ATION TO THE GoVEIlNMENT OF THK PLANTATIONS. The Laws & constitutiims of your Majesty's Colonies are copied from those of Great Uritaiii, hut fall short of them in many particulars; some of which have however from time to time heen corrected iV amended hy your Majesty's Instructions to the respective (iovernors of tlie ditferent Colonies under your Majesty's immediate government; and they might he rendered still more perfect, if vour Majesty's Commands met with due ohedience in the proprietary & Charter riovernmenls. This is the great ohstacle, which has hitiierto made it impracticahle to put the plantations in general upon a i)elter foot ; & therefore we shall heg leave to mention some of those inconveniencies, that have arisen from the large powers & privileges, suhsisting hy virtue of several Charters, granted hy your Majesty's Koyal Predecessors; wherehy not only the soil, hut likt'wise the duniiniou or (Joverument of several Colonies is ahsolutely alienated from the (,'rown, to certain proprietors, who far from employing the said powers &: privileges to the use for which they were designetl, as we find hy former reports from this hoard, iiave frequently refused ohedience lo such orders as have Ix'cii given hy your Majesty's Uoyal Predecessors; have hroken through the laws of trade \- navigation; made laws of their own, contrary to those of <;reat Ihilain; given shelter to pirates and outlaws, & refuse to contrihute to the defence of the Neighhouring Colonies under Vour Majesty's immediate (iovernuient, even in cases of the greatest emergency, altlio' they would not have heen ahle to suhsist themselves without the assistance of their neighours. And although, in justice to some of the proprietary (lovernments, it must he allowed, that they are not all ecjually involved in this charge; yet certain it is, that great inconveniencies do arise from so many tlifVerent forms of (iovernments, & so many «lifVerent interests on the Continent of America; nor is it to he expected, that either our Indians or Kuropean neighhours Bhuuld pay that respect to your Majesty's suhjects, which all those who have the happiness to i ■ Si ■> /t--. li-'r^ 1 '■ V. ■ ■ I 40 Jiepre^entation on tht be under Your Mnjesty's protection, tliiit all the British Toloiiies in interest to puisne; lor which reiison, proprietary irovernnients shonhi he rf-assnine( inisht otlierwise reasonai)Iy hope for, until it shall appear, America hold inunc.li^ilclv nt one l-citl, iV have hnl one joint or otherwise, as conceivinu; this iV many otliers, we shall lirsl iuimhly propose, that all the (i to the ('row II, either i)y purchase, aiireenient, f those essential points, willioiil which your to 1 )e one o Mnjestv's colonies can never lie put upon a riiiht lootinu: It niiuht likewise he further ohservetl upon this head, thnl some ol' the I'roprietary and charier ( ioverninents have shewn too i:rcat an inclination to he iiide|iciuli'iit ot their Mother kiinrdoiii, iV have carried on a trade ■ilni uiiilo uhtt ne more i fleet i velv res •tive to that ol (ueat iiiitaiii, wh. rein they iniu Iraiiicd, if thev were all ot them under your Majestyi ht immediate povernnient, & were hv projicr laws compelled to follow the comniands sent them by VDur Maiestv; \- it hath ever heei. .iie wisdom, not onlv cil (ireat Hrilaiii. hut likewise of diate (It all otiier states to secure, hy all ]i(issii)lc means, the entire. aOsolute, A: immeiliaie depeiuleiicy of their colonies. On the other li.and, it were hut jiisi to consider the planters, whatever < Jovernmeiils they may live under, as your .Majesty's siil)|ects; and that in all reasmiahle ihiims, not prejudicial to the in.L'rest of (ireat liritain, thev sliould he tiivoiired \- encoiiraired, more particularly ill the raisinir of Naval Stores of all kimis, whereby tli?'y may ureatly aiKaiitaue theniseUes, iNc contrihute to render ttieir Mother Kinudom absolutely independent ot all the .Northern powers; & that their reliijion, liberties & properties should he inviolahly |)reser\e(i to them. We have already had a very snccesslul proof ot what due eiicoiiraiiemeiils produce, in the particulars of pilch & tar; which at present are made in as ureal perlection in your Majesty's plantations, as in ■ .ly other part ol the world, \ in siicii plenty, as will enahle us to supply foreign parts, since it hath reduced the common price of those I'lunmodities one third of their former cost witliiu the space of a very lew years, vvherehy the importation ol' pitch & tar fVoiii the Ualtick is greatly decreased, \- much money saved in the halance of our trade. Nor is it to be doubted, but iron, liax, hemp, iV all sorts of tiniher, might likewise he had from your Majesty's plantations, with the same success, upon sullicieiit encouragemeiii wherehv tlu' tradti & navigatioii of these realms would he highly advanced. \- the pl.intatioiis diverted from the thoughts of setting up manufactures ol their own. iiilerleriiig with tiiose of (Jreat liritain, & Irom carrying on an illicit trade with fiireimiers; hut we shall have all opportunity of explaining ourselves more particularly upon this head, in a separate re|ireseiitalioii to your .Majesty relating to such further |)remiiims as we conceive necessary for promoting so eseliil a design. \oiir majestys revenues, arisini; from the le of the importance of this .\rticle, that laws have been made in Kngland for litis purpose, yet the daily com|)laints from .\merica are a proof how ill these lasvs are executed, & how little regard is paid to your Majesty's Commission & lusiructions to your Surveyor (ieru'ral of the Woods; which is not so much to be wouder»'d at, considering the present Surveyor only acts by Deputy, no ways qualitied lor that I'inplovment, although so extensive a trust would reipiire the constant attendance of a capable \- well experienced oflicer, & ought not to be left to the managemi'iit of a Deputy. r>ut the many iiuonveiiiencies, thai arise from the granting of Ollices in the plantations to persons acting by De|iuly there, may deserve your Majesty's animadversion; and we would lu.mbiv jiropose, that no oHiii-s ii. the plantations may be granted for the future, without an expri'ss clause in each patent, obliging the grantee to attend & discharge the duty of liis otlice in person. Wi- beg leave turther to observe, that the laws at present in force for the preservation of your Map'sty's woods, are very defective, for the exception therein made, whereby liberty is given lor the cntting of timber growing upon the l.inds of several persons, hath given rise to many pretensions toi destroying timber tit for the service of the l{oyal Navy; wherelore we would huuihlv propose, that further provision should he made, by Act of Parliament iu Creat Uritain, for asciMtaining your Majesty's rii;ht to the woods, & the boundaries thereof. hut the most etVeclual way to put in execution what we have already oHere'- 1, ,.i , J from whom all olliors Governors of pTVticiilnr provim-os slioiilii rccoivp llit'ir orders, in ail cases, for vour ]\I,ijesty's service, &- cease to have any coiniiiaiKl resiieelively in such |>roviriee, where the said (.,'aiitaiii (ieneral siiali at any tin)e reside, as is at present pmetised in tho Leeward Islands, wliere oaeii Island has a particuhir (Jovernor, hut one general over the whole. The said Captain deneral should he constantly attended hy two or more t'onnciihirs deputed from each plantation, he should have a fixed >Jalary, sutVicient to support the dignity of so important an employment, independent of tiie pleasure of the Iniiahitants ; and, in onr JHunhle opinion, ought to be a jiers.iu (i( good fortune, di.stinetion & experience. Bv this means, a general contnhiition of men or money may he raised upon the several Colonies, in proportion to their respective ahilities, \- the utility of this proposal is so evident, that we shall not trouhle your Majesty vvith any further reasons to enforce tlies:un"; !>ut in ease your Majesty should he graciously pleased to approv thereof, we shall take a further opportunity of explaining, in what manner it may hest he executed. Hut we humbly crave leav«' to inform your Majesty, that it will he further necessary for your service, that whoever presides at this Hoard, may be particularly and distinctly charged with your .M.ijesty's iuimi'iiate orders, in the (lisp:itch of all matters relating to the I'lanlations, in such manner, as the first Commissioner of the 'I'reasury, & Admiralty, do now r«'ceive & execute your Majesty's commands ; with whom the Captain (Jeneral, &- nil other (iovernors of your .Majesty's IManlations, may correspond. We the rather mention this, hec.ause the present method of dispatching husinega, relating to the Plantations, is liable to much delay & conl'usion ; inasmuch as there are at present no less than three ditferent ways of proceeding herein; that is to say, hy immediate np|)lieation to your Maje.:ty hy one of your Secreta.ies of State; by petition to your .Majesty in Council, &•. by represent \t ion to your Majesty from this Hoard: from wlien(t' it hapjiens, that no one Ollice is thoroughly informed of all matters relating to the I'lantations ; and sometimes iirders are obtained by surprize, disadvantageous to your Majestys Service; whereas if the bnsmes.s of the I'lantations were wholly contined to one ( Mlice, these inconveniencies would l)e thereby avoided. All which is nuist humbly submitted. J. ( 'lllMWVM* I*. DoKMISIyVK. ^^'''''•'■""i" M. lli.Am:.v. f^i'P'S. 1721 K. AsHK. n b ""}' ■% 'I. s