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THir PICTURE ew Q U £ B E C« Laudabunt alii, claram Rhodon — Aut Epheton; bimarisTe Corinthi MoBnia— - Sunt quibus unum opui esty— Palladit urb«i Carmine perpetuo celebrare— Mt nee tam — OVEBBC: rUBLIIHED BY D. AND J. SMXLLIX, 1839. ! a ■» TO HIS XXCXLLENCV SIR JAMES KEMPT, G. C. h. ADMINISTRATOR * 07 THE QOV£RNMENT| &C. Ic. &C, THE FICTUHE OF OUEBEC MOST RESPECTFULLY IN£|CRIB£D BY HIS excellency's m n rAITHFUL SERVANT, GEORGE BOURNE. QCBBRCy 7 JuutlS, 1829.y NOTICE. TThii volume if intended to supply a desideratum in the Northern Tourists* Library. Long has it been a just com- plaint) that unexpected diificultles are realized by strangers in exploring the curiosities of the iar*famed Canadian Fortress, and its yicinity. The requisite information is now Aimished in referenca to every novel object^ whicli the varied pursuits and tastes of Travellers include in their researolt h QvxBxcy June IBp 1829, ?^ THE ENGRAVINGS. i; 1 1 1 . Vjgnctte Title Page. 5. Quebec from Point L«vi, §. Quebf^c Driving Ciub. 4. Castle of St. Lewis. 6. Parliament House. ^ 6. Catholic Cburch. 7. Episcopal Church. 8. Presbyterian Churck. 9. Trinity Chapel. 10. St. John's Chapel. Jl. Methodist Chapel. 32. St. Roch's Churck. IS. Court House. 14. General Hospital. 15. New Exchange. 16. Episcopal Churchj ToiHt Len» 17. Map of Quebfc. l:F, I i t»ICTURE OF QUEBEC* '■ ,1'. ii I ,^i THE ENGRAVINGSl# li THE VIGNETTE. X HE Vignette contains an accurate delineation of ti Picturesque Scene. Standing close to the wall of the Governor's Garden, opposite to Mount Carmel street, tho grand object before the observer is the Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm— on the left is the residence of the Protestant Bishop>— and above it, the north-east angle of the Citadel ; with the Flag Staff and Telegraphic Nauti* cal Communicator— i-whence proceeding westerly, all the objects of vision are hucxessively depicted. (K I ' ',3 m # II. QUEBECrf Visitors wtio are anxious to behold Quebec in its most Impressive display, and especially in reference to its cai- teViatcd exterior, should not omit the sui*vey from Point Levi. In almost every other position the view is partial j br the distance renders the scene comparatively indii- tinct— but the elevation of the summit on the easceiv ' y IS ;.■ '; I 1 Si f* 1 'i i; m i ' bank of the river above the Churches^ combined with its l^ropinquity, for the interval is scarcely one mile^ gives to all the prominent objects their proportionate perspi- cuity. On the left, the St Lawrence may be traced for some length towards the south-west ; with the opposite shores and shipping Coves, which are the chief depositories of the immense masses of timber that are floated down the river for exportation. The Plains of Abraham, wliere the decisive battle was fought between the English and French armies, and in which both the Generals, Wolfe and Montcalm, closed their military career, defended by the Martello Towers, are next discernible — and the ver- dure on the top is beautifully contrasted with the wild, rugged and barren exterior of the precipitous descent. — Underneath, the Wharves, Stores and Habitations assumt the appearance of regularity — until, at Diamond Coto the eye meets two circuitous foot-paths like ladders ascending the hill. Near this point the docks exhibit the ships in continuous succession to the north-east extremity of the Lower Town. A distinguished object in the upper part of this view is the Railway extending from the acme of the Cape to the wharf. To the observer on the liver, or on the eastern shore, the opposite movements of the carts as they pass up and down, gives a peculiar liveliness to the scene. On the top of the hill, near the machinery, appears the unfinished parapet of the Citadel, proceeding on the brow of the Cape northerly to the Flag Stafif—whence the descent is abrupt, to the wall which surrounds the fioveraor'i Garden, extending to the Castle of St. Levii. i li To the right of which, are leen in order, the steeples bt the Episcopal and Catholic Churches, and of the Semi- nary — and in immediate front adjoining the wall consi-> derably below the Chateau, is the Parliament House — whence the wall of the city is prolonged without inter* luption, being the site of the Grand Battery; which gradually diminishes in height to the Artillery Barracks on the west, where the fortifications towards the river St* Charles on the north-west terminate. This military display becomes more imposing from itf crontrasts. The base of the stone parapet towers upon the summit of the high locky projection, which is nearly perpendicular and bare ; except where a few low pines and coarse shrubs bespeak the sterility of the decomposed stones among which they have germinated. Of a dark embrowned hue, the reck exhibits enormous masses of concrete strata, which, to the distant observer, seem ready every moment to be precipitated upon the thought- less insecure citizens beneath, over whose habitations they appear to be suspended in the air. The dreariness of this rugged portion of the landscape is instantly relieved, as the eye glances along the river. Of the buildings in immediate front below, none peculi- arly arrest attention except the King's Warehouse, and the steeple of the Lower Town Church. A very promi- nent and interesting ornamental addition of permanent character will however be directed to the view^ when the New Exchange at the extremity of the north-east point shall have been finished. Thence the observer explores partially the course of the suburbs, with all the curironi of the city to the west and north, u circitni- a2 ,1 VJ m , ' i : i '< u •cribf d by tbe hillt aboTe Lorette, Charlebourg, Beau« porty and tbe falls of Montmorenci^ and from the heightiy IiIro the prospect towards the east and south. Travellers generally are in too much haste to be fully repaid for their journey ; and many of them do not enjoy this scene^ of which, it has been remarked, this continent affords no parallel. Those strangers who visit Quebec to gratify curiosity, or to enlarge the boundaries of science^ are reminded that the City and its vicinity combine many novel desirable objects of research ; for which, in all ordinary cases, the detention of a day must be totally unimportant. III. QUEBEC DRIVING CLUB. There is a characteristic view of the Place d'Armes in the winter, and of the citizens in their exterior appear- l^nce. A number of gentlemen, some years since, formed an association to exhibit the Canadian Cariole in superior style. They usually held a weekly meeting for their dis-? play, and paraded in the Place d'Arnies before the Castle Yard. The middle and larger part of the area is surrounded with a chain fence, affording the usual widtl^ of a carriage track between the foot walks and the inclosure. For safety it is essential that the level ground should be definitely marked, that neither foot travellers nor horses and cariolesy should be unexpectedly buried amid the )>ed8 of deep snow. Hence, branches of Evergreens are fixed at very short distances, so as to be perceptible in the (darkest mghtS| to limit tbe traveller's course^ that h^ it iiay not be in^lpbed in the drifts cu the tides of uie road. The Flace d'Armc^ is therefore represented as filled with these beacons, to direct the transverse foot paths within the chains, and the routes for carioles withL- out the fence. The view was taken by Mr. Wallace from the Guard House of the Castle, at the precise time when the Driving Club were wp'iing for the Governor to appear and head the train. In front, on the right, the conspicu« ous primary object of notice is a genuine Canadian curi- osity—a boy on a low sled drawn with great vivacity and moderate speed by a dog trained to the harness. The Ladies and Gentlemen in the Carioles are depicted in their usual habiliments — Fur Caps, Overall Coats or (.loaks and Shawls, Muffs and Fur Gloves, prepared to defy equally the snow storm from the east, or the freezer from the west. The trees are at the north corner of the yard, sur- ' rdunding the Episcopal Church, the east front of which is exhibited. Towards the south, next stands the east wing of the Court House, and on the extreme left the ' end of St. Ltoms street. Between iLz I^piscopal Churcli and the Court House in the rear, appears part of Garden street adjoining the Ursuline Nunnery. The whole scene is a graphically correct represeniia- tion of that part of the city ; and also of the Quebec Driving Club during January and February, id their win j terly vehicles and costume. Colonel Bouchette thus lucidly delineates the rhtt scenery from December to April <^ ixi almoit anf •I ' ! U: Id weather the Habitans will cross the St. Lawrence in their large and strong canoes, which are managed with great dexterity, and sometimes carry eight passengers besides the men who work them. When large masses of ice are floating with the tide, and a strong breeze, the passage is laborious, and apparently hazardous, yet sel- dom has a fatal accident happened. They are frequently driven leagues out of their course, in heavy snow storms, ignorant of their situation, but they generally arrive at their destined place. The boatmen are provided with strong ropes, and poles hooked with iron for grappling the ice. When a large sheet of ice opposes their pro- gress, by means of the poles and ropes, the men hoist the canoe upon it, and drag it, with the cargo which is Rrmly secured, until they find a convenient opening to launch it ; and then with their paddles they proceed until they are intercepted by another flat, upon which it is again hoisted, and thus they continue their toilsome alterna- tipns until they reach the shore. Often while forcing their canoe over a field of ice, it breaks beneath them — and in pui*suing their course through a narrow channel of water between two masses, the ice frequently unites ; but at the moment when a stranger would imagine the canoe must be shivered to atoms in the collision, by me^ns of their poles, the men skilfully contrive to mfike the pressure of the ice so act upon the keel, as to heave it upoi^ tb^ surface. In this laborious employment they are amazingly steady, from habit» unapprehensive of danger, ^nd i^lmost insensible to the intense severity of the winter's cold ^ for their clothing although warm if peculiarly light for the teaiop." 17 Formerly, the St. Lawrence was frozen over every winter, now several seasons intervene between the for- mation of the glacial bridge ur j^ont. The southern chan« nel below the bay is never closed^ but the north branch is annually congealed ; which admits a direct carriage communication during about tea weeks from t^e i$\mi pi Orleans to Quebec, ¥ TOPOGRAPHY •fho quat com publi nieri OF THE RIVER VROM MONTREAL TO QUEBEC. jThe shores of the St. Lawrence from the Bay above Montreal to a considerable distance east of Quebec swarm with people — for a large majority of the inhabitants of Lower Canada reside adjacent to each other, and within a short distance of the banks of the stream. Few inter- ruptions of uncleared woodland intervene throughout the whole journey from Montreal to Quebec, so that the habitations on both sides of the river form almost one protracted street; with groupes of houses varying in number, around, or in the vicinity of the Churches, which are generally erected within sight of the floating passen- gers, except on Lake St. Peter. They are from six to nine miles distant from each other, and many of them are prominent objects to enliven and embellish the other- wise attractive, and to a stranger, novel scenery. Montreal at present is the largest and most populous City of Canada, and more real mercantile business is transacted in it, than in the sea-port. Its exterior aspect is also more modernised ; and although to a traveller If vrho if anxious to view either natural curiosities or anti* quated memorials^ it does not equal Quebec, yet it combines various objects worthy of notice. Some of the public buildings are beautifuU-the monument to Nelson merits accurate survey— the new Catholic Church in grandeur, capacit)usncss, style and decoration, when com- pleted, will surpass most of the editlces on the continent of North America — and the Nunneries which may be vibited by an application to the resident Bi&Iiop also claim inspection. From the opposite shore of the river, and in the Steam-boat dtscending from La Prairie, the perspective view of the city is highly agreeable and imposing — and a delicious landscape is beheld from the summit of the western Mount, which is two hundred yards above the river. Hence the prospect to the south is apparently circumscribed only by the feebleness of the organs, which preclude the distinct vision of the magnifi. cent and verdrmt champaign, as its display recedes, and commingles with the distant horizon. Visitors of taste and science are especially requested to procure an introduction into the Museum of the Natural History Society of Montreal — they will realize high gia-?^ tification from the numerous assemblage of indigenous and exotic specimens which it includes. ^^. In journeying from Montreal to Quebec, the inquisi- tive observer by day-light may behold, on the south, or ri^ht bank of the St. Lawrence, the large majority of the churches and settlements, in their order, as specific^ }n the ensuing catalogue. !'.! ! ' t ; M 1 tin M SI ! 'I mmm ' QUEBEC. I u o 5Z. MILKS. 180 Invisible Invisible. 99' m I o 100 90 45 15 Point Levi. St. Nicholas. St. Antoine. St. Croix, Lotbiniere. DeschailbnSc St. Pierre les Becq[uets. Gentilly. Becancour. S;. Gregoire. Nicolet. Lefebre~or Baie St. Antoint. St. Francis. Yamaska. Sorel. Contrecoun Vercheres. Varennes. Boucher vi lie. Longnfluil— opposite. Ii% Prairie— south. ; MCNTREAI. 81 1. La Paairie is the grand thoroughfare between Montreal and St. John's, and the landing place for th^ northern trads?. of Lake Champlain. It is a thriving town of more than 200 houses, to the south of Montreal, and besides the Catholic Church, contains a Nunnery.^r A small Protestant Congregation also assemble at present in a room fitted up for public worship in a private liouse. 2. LoKGUEUiL is nearly opposite to Montreal. 5. BoucHERViLLE — This Church is surrounded with a village containing more than 100 houses. 4. Varennes. — On account of its three spires, which are distinctly seen at Montreal, a distance of 15 miles^ this church is a conspicuous object on the river. 6. Vercheres. — A few houses encircle this edifice. 6. CONTRECOUR. 7. SoREL. — This town comprises about 200 houses, with barracks, stores and other buildings occupied by the Government, and is situated at the junction of th» Rive^ Richelieu, by which the superfluous waters of Lake Champlain are discharged, and the St. Lawrence.-- The streets intersect each other at right angles, and it numbers nearly 2000 inhabitants. In Sorel are a Pro. testant and a Catholic Churc^ — and there, some of th^ Steam-boats always call for passengers and mtrch&..iize» 8. Yamaska. — There is also a Protestant Church ii| this district. 9. St. Frakcis. — This is the site of about 40 cabin»| inhabited chiefly by Abenaqui Indians. 10. Baie St. Aktoine, or Lefcbre,-^K neat little village. Travellers in the Steam-boats do not perceive the churches of the three Seigniories last enumerated. The n ! ( knt is obscured by the intervening islands, and th^ others are not discernible on account of their distance in the interior, from the shore of Lake St. Peter. 11. NicoLET. — This village is in a beautiful loca- tion, with a populous seigniory. Adjoining it is a Col- lege, writh seven Tutors, besides the President, On account of its remoteness from the course of the Steam- boats, and the intervention of some woodlands on the margin of the Lake, passengers only have an occasional glimpse of the Church and its vicinity. 12. St. Gregoire.— This Church has a small cluster of hot ^>es adjoining it. IS. Becancocr. — Near the Church are a few cotta- ges ; and at a short distance from it, some Indian families of the Abenaqui tribe have fixed their residence. This land is almost opposite to Three Rivers, but the Church is imperceptible to Steam-boat travellers — that of St. Gregoire is also not discernible. 14. Gentilly. — Here th^ southern shore, which through all the previous route is low and occasionally swampy, precipitously rises to a considerable height. 15. St. Pierre les BEcauETs is situated imme- diately upon the bank of the river. 16. Deschaillons. — This Church stands a short dis- tance above Cap a la Roche. 17. LoTBiNiERE. — A few comfortable houses sur- round this edifice. 18. St. Croix. — This Seigniory appertains to the Ursuline Nuns of Quebec. 19. St. Antoine. SO. St. NicHuLAt. ^he traveller, as he descends the St. Lawrence, when arrived at the mouth of the Chaudiere, perceives at about six miles distance a high cliff nearly intercepting the prospect — this is the promontory on which Quebeo is built, and it is denominated Cape Diamond, from the gem -like quality of the crystals which are found inter- mingled with' the granite beneath its surface* Speedily he beh:)lds a range of hi'.ls skirting the northern horizon, these are beyond the falls of Montmorenci — and pre- sently embosomed in a harbor of masts, he is pointed to TVo/fe^s Cove on the left — thus distinguished from its being the rock by which that General and his troops made their memorable ascent to the Plains of Abraham. On the right, Point Levi with its verdant scenery as contrasted with the brown and naked barrenness of ('ape Diamond interests the observer, who, upon his arrival opposite i'Ance des Meres, enjoys the view of the uncovered heights frowning upon the wharves and vessels below, until he debarks. 21. Point Levi. — This village, although on the oppo- site shore of the river, may be considered almost a suburb of Quebec. The Catholic Church stands exactly at the projection of land where the St Lawrence turns short to the north-east The Kpiscopal Church, from its com- manding position and attractive neatness, combined with the circun^jacent landscape, constitutes an agreeable object of survey to all persons, who unite a taste for the loveliness of nature's display, in combination with the embellishments of art, especially when recommended by the exterior appearance^ and sanctitied associatious of Christian devotion. %"Af . '§ 51 L > ^ \-^ >.m All Travellers sleep one night at least ou board the Steam-boat while journeying between the two cities-^ they should arrange to alter the hours, that on their re- turn, they may view by day that part of the river which had been pass«;d before by night. The Steam^beats invariably leave Quebec near the time of low water — that they may pass through the Richelieu Rapid about 50 miles above the pore, with the stream at the tide of flood, and during the travelling season, if desirable, the chief part of the river may generally be viewed either sailing downwards or on the ascent. By tracing the location of the ( hurchcs, the traveller on his retrogression from Quebec to Montreal, will dis- cern that they are generally erected in nearly a straight line on both banks of the river, and on the north or right hand of the St. Lawrence— those in the following catalogue, stand in the order designated. ^6 MONTREAL. IMILES. 1 8 Long Point. • 171 Point aux Tremblef. 1 Repentigny. o 156 St. Sulpice. Lavaltrie. Lanoraye. I Isle du Pas. 135 Berthier. Invisible. Maskinonge. »> Riviere du Loup. i >» Machiche* i Point du Lac. 1 90 Three Rivers. • Cap de la Magdeleine. Champlain. ' : 75 Batiscan. 60 St. Anne* Grondines. : 43 DeschambauU. i j 30 Cap Sante. S 1 1 Les Ecureuils, or Belair w : ^1 Point aux Trembles. 5? 1 1 ) St. Augustin. 1 QUEBEC. i i Jl *■• :r, i * ^ iS iiU S6 1. St. August] n. — This Church is built upon a point which projects into the River. The whole Seigniory is in the possession of the Nuns^ who occupy the General Hospital of Quebec. 2. PoiNTE Aux Trembles — This is a small village of abt)ut SO houses skirting the river, with an establislu nient for elementary education, conducted by two Nuns from the city. S. Les Ecureuils, or Belai'r, To Travellers by land the scenery near the bridge of the Jacques Cartier River, at the mouth of which, the navigator of that name wintered in 15S6, is highly inte- resting and romantic. *' The general view along the course of the river," says Col. Bcuchette in his Topogra- phical Description oi' Canada, '* is varied, picturesque and extraordinary, presenting a thousand combinations of grandeur, beauty and wild magnificence. At the bridge the stream is precipitated, with great velocity, over many large fragments of granite in a perpendicular fall of con- siderable height, with an incessant roar of the torrent forcing; itself throuiih the hollows and excavations of its rocky bed." It flows with almost similar impetuosity through its whole subsequent course, until its waters mingle with the St. Lawrence. To this accurate deline- ation, it may be subjoined, that many of the more ma- jestic features of the scene are presented in an addition- ally impressive aspect in mid-winter, when the severity of the congelation exhibits the banks and the bed of the stream in every variety of fantastic appearance, and its frozen artificial pendants in all diversity of figure, and size, resemble the stalactites of the richest natural grottos. 91 • 4. Cap 3i we.— This is a neat little Tillage, and the Church with its three spires, from its elevated position, being discernible at a great distance, forms a very perspi^ cuous object, when sailing down the river. 5. DEscHAMBAULT.»This Church it> erected on a long point which extends to the Richelieu Rapids, and presents a very bold aspect to the observer. The viewi for many miles above and below the meander of the stream between this Church and that of Cap Sante, deve- lope an enchanting intermixture of landscape scarcely parallelled throughout the whole journey. 6. Grondines. 7. St. Anne. — This village stands at some distance from the channel of the river—it contains a neat Church and about 40 dwelling-houses ; but the main road and the banks of the river^are also densely peopled. 8. Batiscan, 9. Champlain. 10. Cap de la Maobeleine. 11. Three Rivers. — In point of antiquity, this is the second settlement in the Province, and situated nearlj^. midway between Quebec and Montreal. The town con- tains abou^ 400 houses and nearly SOOO inhabitants, with the following public edifices. A Catholic, and an Episcopal Church — a Methodist Chapel— the Court House— the Jail — the Barracks, formally occupied by the Governor during the French regime — and an Ursuline Convent, for the residence of twenty-five Nuns Thia establishment includes a Chapel, Hospital and every apartment convenient foi the comfort of its occupants* It is a modern capacious building, and surrounded by a h I? • I 3 1 Hi J ii ,'f I .1 V- . ' -i beautii'ul garden. Eight miles from Three Rivers to th« north-west is the Foundery of St. Maurice ; an extensive factory of stoves, kettles, and iron implements of every species, highly beneticial to the Province^ for the cer- tainty with which the wants of the Habitans in those indispensable articles are supplied. The situation itself is attractive, from the characteristic scenery with which it is enveloped. Travtilers might easily arrange to visit this establishment ; often without sacrifice of time ; an they would not regret the excursion. 12. Point du Lac. — This terminates the Lake of Stw Peter on the north-east. Within a short distance the Church is surrounded by a number of dwellings, and a largo Mill, with its necessary store-houses, forming a small scattered hamlet. . 18. Mac HI CHE. — This is a compact little village. 14. Riviere du Lol^. — The Church at this station is noticed for its spacicusness, its superior style of archi- tecture, and the costliness of its internal ornaments. It displays three steeples, and although not more than 50 habitations are immediately circumjacent, yet the maia route between the two cities for a considerable distance is so closely lined with houses, that it approximates to a continued street. A small Protestant Church is also ia this vicinity. 1.5. Maskinonge. t The three Seigniories last designated are at some dis- tance inland from the margin of the Lake St. Peter- — and this, combined with the necessity which the Steam- boats are under to keep in the main channel^ renders, the Churches imperceptible to Steam-boat travellers. ' 16. Berth I ER i^ a small town situated on the north channel of the St. Lawrence, comprising about 100 houses. The Church is a neat edihce in the exterior, and internally of superior elegance ; but it is only iudistiijctly seen when persons sail by Sorel down the southern branch of the river. Some of the boats pass by this place, and also stop for the convenience of passengers and the tran- saction of business. It stands on nearly a straight line from Sorel, and is the same distance from Montreal. 17. Isle du Pas. — This Church is erected on a long narrow island, which is nearly parallel to the northern shore of the river, between Berthier and Sorel, and Is seen at some distance above those towns. . 18. Lanokaye, — The houses from this Seigniory forni almost an uninterrupted street, adjoining the road on th^ banks of the St. Lawrence, through the whole remaining route to Montreal. 19. Lavaltrie. 20 St. Sulpice. — This village includes about 100 dwelling-houses, besides numerous stores, for the pro- duce of the country ; considerable quantities of which are here deposited. 21. Repentjigny. 22. PoiNTE aux Trembles. — This is a small village of about sixty houses. 2B. Long Point. After passing Varennes^ the sail up the liver to Mon- treal, especially in the freshness of early morning, or after the heat of the sun has passed away for the fra« grance and repose of a summer's eve, is delightful. The tomparative slowness with which the boat moves against so the rapid current, enables the explorer to discern th€ multifarious picture in all its distinctness and beauty. On the Mount behind the city, the commingled exhibition of nature's dignified and rich display, clothed in all its verdant and unbroken foliage, contrasted with the exu. berant appearance of the fields and gardens, and the numerous habitations of man — with the projecting beauty of the variegated woody island in tk^ front, and the spires and edifices of the city on the right, presents a landscape deeply attractive and permanently remem- bered. The efftct is not diminished by the sudden change that occurs, when the large bay is expanded to view, and the tin spire of La Prairie, glittering in the sun*s rays, gives to the distant shore a feature of momen- tary enchantment* ■£\,' NOTICE. Sthangers who desire to obtain minute information re* specting the Civil, Military, and Ecclesiastical state of the Canadas, or of the other British Provinces in North America, are recommended to procure the Montreal Almanac and Register ; or the Qiuehec Almanac and Calendar. <'■S3 'JktfLuCjCj.(Diii3^ .J Cu^ i. iii. (D-cj. . ^j- y-V^.'i ZAj:jzvr^T iw(D)w:2>m mWi Al i<,iijiiriV«'J l^y iT-iiuJrj .iimlllr ifuil^ Hill I liiiiiilii I II i»«iitr * l^t: tf VISITOR'S DIRECTOR y. As Travellers are generally restricted to time, they have often lost the season fully to gratify their curiosity for want of an Itinerary, by which they might, with the greatest facility, view the most important objects,— and also from not having previously obtained a letter of intro- duction. A resident citizen as a companion, would desig. nate and also describe the most inteiesting materials of survey — and thus remove the feelings of strangeness, and expedite the acquisition of knowledge. This Catalogue, therefore, will prescribe to the explorer his walk, in the most conv;»nient order — for the descriptions he must refer to the pages where the particular article is recorded — and for his course to the Map of the city. I. ITINERARY. Taking the Upper Town Market House as the place of departure, the observer has on the west, the ancient Monastery of the .Tesuits, now used as the Barracks for the Troops of the Garrison, and on the east, the Roman Catholic Church) which is open nearly the whole hours of daylight* m m It * 'i 1' ■!: 1; i 11^ i ■-. f iM'A '■ ;■ S6 Ai-^ arch Tbc narrow avenue to the north of the Churcn cor« ^ucts him to the Seminary. On his left hand is the Chapel ; which is entered by a door from the covered gateway, forming the usual avenue for the Pupils and others to the Institution. Thence he will proceed to the Church — and next to tlic Place d'Armes, wliere on the east of the Pentagon is the Castle of St. Lewis* the resi- dence of the Governor — and in immediate front the old building once occupied for the same object — which par- tially conceals from observation the Chateau — and the gloomy exterior of which adds no ornament to the other circumjacent edifices. On the opposite side is the Epis- copal Chuich ; and on the south, nearly adjoining it, is the Court House. The large edifice on the corner of Fort street, which was formerly known as the Union Hotel, is now appropriated for the public offices of the Government. Strangers ought especially to recollect that the front room on the first story contains the Museum of the *' Society for promoting Literature, Science, Arts, and Historical Research in Canada." Crossing the Place d'Armes to Des Carrieres street, the visitor will next inspect the Monument erected in memory of Wolfe and Montcalm ; and from the prome- nade at the exterior of the Governor*s Garden, will view the beauteous landscape diverging to the north-east. He will then return to St. Louis street : and having sur- veyed the Court House, and passed the ofliice of the Com- missariat, he will turn by Parloir street to the Ursuline Nunnery and Church. Having the Episcopal Church on the light, he will advance by Anne street, with the soutli wing of the Barracks on his right hand, to the PrtibyteriMi 87 Church ; passing its front, he will leave the Jail on the fight, and opposite the end of the yard, is the Methodist Chapel, whence he pursues his course to the Esplanade. If he has no citizen as a companion, and no other mode of visiting the fortification, he should turn up St. Ursule to St. Louis street, and at the Military offices^ request from the Adjutant General a card of admission to walk round the interior of the Citadel. Having entered the grand western gate, where he leaves his ticket with the Soldier on guard, and having examined the edifice, he will first proceed round the course of the Citadel to the Flag Staff and Telegraph, thence southerly by the parapet bordering on the river to the machinery at the head of the Rail-way, or Inclined Plane, which is 500 feet long ; extending from the wharf to the Cape, where its perpendicular elevation is S45 feet above the stream. This Rail-way is used by the Government alone, to convey stones and other articles of great weiglit and bulk, for the erection of the new Fortress. Having surveyed from the highest point the majestic scene, in every diversified aspect of hill and dale — land and water — barren and rugged mountainous heights, and a champaign opulent in the productions of agriculture, and all thd encircling exhibition of human activity and commercial enterprise, which are presented unto him when the atmosphere is unclouded — the visitor will fol- low the course of the wall on his left hand, until he returns to the same gate, and pursue his walk by it, over St Louis Gate along the Esplanade, until he arrives opposite the Church of the Congreganistes, immediately iDtlow which is the National School House. r2 1 t% ■A r > it '■ a .( i 1 m i t s t IS Proceeding along St. John street^ he will turn north of St Stanislaus street, on the cast side of which stands Trinity Chapel, whence crossing Carleton street, he arrives at the Artillery Barracks and the Armoury — the latter of which may be inspected, if a resident of the city be in company. Opposite the Armoury is the Anatomical Hoom of the Medical Society. Thence walking up Palace street on the right hand is St. Helen street — where is Mr. Chas- seur's Natural Museum. Returning into Palace street, the visitor crosses obliquely above to ( ollins' JLane, in which stands on the left, the Chapel of the Hotel Dieu — and behind it the Nunnery and Hospital, with the sur- rounding Garden, He will then follow Couillard and St. .Toachim streets, until, from the corner of St. Francis street on the right, is seen St. John's Chapel — thence he will pursue St. George street to the Grand Battery, where he will survey the prospect at the very end of the promontory — then on his left, as he walks towards the south, are the Grand Battery, and on his right the wall of the Seminary Garden, until he arrives at an open space, on the end of which in front stands the ancient Palace of the Catholic Bishop, now used by the Houses of the Pro- vincial Parliament and their Ofilcers. Following the Seminary wall a few yards from the corner, there is a neat view of the north end of the Chateau, the north cast abutment of the Citadel with the Flag Staft' and Telegraj)hic Communicator, and beneath, the top of the Monument. Crossing the area, and ascending the steps, at the house opposite the Post Office, formerly the Ma-^ i9 Mnic Hall, the explorer will discorer a remarkable cha- racteristic inscription. (2) Having thence crossed Fort street — on the right hand dwells the Catholic Coadjutor and Cure— and imme- diately behind is the east end of the Seminary, to which there is a short avenue, v/here is the residence of the Catholic Bishop — whence following the Church the traveller returns to the Market Place. » The observer will also be gratified by the view of the hills from the top of Fabrique street, near the east end of the Market House — and in walking along St. George Btreet appears an equally agreeable compressed prospect of the heights of Point Levi. Similar glimpses of the distant scenery attract notice in all parts of the city. After viewing the Chapel and Hospital of the Hotel Dieu, the visitor may return to Palace street, and con- tinue his progress to the Gate — where by passing the Guard House and pursuing his walk easterly, he may accurately understand the nature of the defence which the City can make against external assault — and enjoys a retirement nearly as complete as if he were beyond the vestiges of man. The first house at which he arrives is distinguished g" the residence of the renowned Mont- calm. There he may turn to the right which will lead him to Couillard street, or he can continue his walk passing Hope Gate, until he arrives at the Look-out from the north-east platform of the Battery. Those visitors who are desirous to trace the precise spots where Wolfe and Montgomery fell, must procure a guide tg designate them. (2) 1^1 a -1 jr}l m 1 • M;* ■'* ■'n Hi 40 In the Lower Town, the. only objects which merit notice, besides the Inclined Plane or Rail-way to the Citadel, are the Exchange Reading Room, and the Quebec Library — which are always open for the admis- sion of strangers, ii regularly introduced — and are worthy of a traveller's inspection, ' The Military Bands amuse the public with a Concert of Music in the Market place, every winter evening at eighty and durliig the summer season at nine. II. PROSPECT FROM CAPE DIAMOND. It has often been remarked by strangers who have seen the landscapes most famed in travelling records, that as a tout ensemhU^ a more richly diversified exhibition of all that is elegant in nature's works can seldom be found, than that which the Amateur discovers on Cape Diamond in the clear days of July and August. In other situations the same scenery is partially observed, and with additional distinctness. From the north-east end of the Battery, near the Sentry Box, is a view circumscrib- ing an area of at least 100 degrees — but from its compa- rative lowness, the water constitutes too prominent an object. At the lower end of the Esplanade, the whole western environs, form a beautiful land picture, with the meanders of the River St. Charles, and the suburbs of St. Roch. The Upper Town and the nor* thern part of the Lower Town must be surveyed from the Telegraph and Flag Staflf— because the Citadel inter* 41 ▼ening impedes the view of them from the most elevated part of the Cape. With this exception^ there the eye expatiates with unfailing delight. On the north, the village of Beauport, in its lengthened street, with the intermediate bay — the bouche of the Montmorenci, for the actual projection of the stream is not visible, the mountainous ridge behind bounding the -view — and the whole country sweeping in a circular bend to Cape Tournient, the hi^h bluff of which ter- minates the regular scene on ^ north side of the St. .Lawrence, Passing over the island of Oileans, the eye perceives the highlands on the opposite shore of the river continually tending to the southward, and forming as far as the vision can stretch, a vast amphitheatre of vari- egated appearance. From the river at the foot of the Observer, the nearer objects on the opposite bank embody forth their peculiarities in bold graphic linea- ments ; while gradu.^ily receding, the features of the distant country become more indistinct, until the horizon appears to be skirted only by one uninterrupted range of wood and mountain. Immediately on the south-west, the prospect is im- peded by the continued elevation of the table-land of the Cape, so that it comprehends chiefly the Plains of Abm- ham, the Martello Towers, the country residences of ihe citizens, and the course of the St. Lawrence to the mouth of the Chaudiere. From the west to the north the prospect is only hindered by a course of hills which extend to the south-west, in uneven progress, and at unequal distances from the river. In this part of the yiewy the village of Lorette^ the Indian settlement of ,.., ? ; i ' U k;j 11 41 Hurons— Cbarlebourg, with a dense distribution of houses^ and nearly the whole land in cultivation from th« foot of the highlands, bespeak a crowded active popular lion, until the observer again recognizes the tin roof and steeples of the church at Beauport, where he commen- ced his view of the splendid scene. The following delineation by Colonel Bouchette is so accurately descriptive, and eloquent, that it will aid the observer's contemplation ; the picture is drawn con amore. ** Whoever views the environs of Quebec, with a mind and taste capable of receiving impressions through the medium of the eyes, will acknowledge, that as a whole^ tue prospect is peculiarly grand — and that if taken in detail, every part of it pleases, by the gradual unfolding of its picturesque beauties. Towards Beauport, Charle- bourg and Lorette, the view is diversified with every trait that can render a landscape rich, full, and com- plete. The foreground shows the River St. Charlet meandering fv/r some miles through a fertile valley, em« bellished by a succession of objects that diffuse great ani* mation over the whole scene. The three villages with their respective churches, and many handsome detached houses in the vicinity, seated on gently rising eminences^ form so many distinct objects — the intervals between which display many of the most strongly marked speci- mens of forest scenery, combined with a wide spread appearance of fertility and good cultivation. As the prospect recedes, the land rises in gradation, height over height, with primeval covered woods, until the whole is terminated by a lofty ridge of mountains. Turning 48 towards the basin, which is about two milei acroit, the scene is enlivened by the variety of ships entering or leaving the port. On the right. Point Levi with its church and groupe of white houses, and several other promontories, clothed with trees, and in front, the wes- tern end of the island of Orleans, present an interesting and agreeable subject to the observer. On the Plains of Abraham, from the precipice that overlooks the timber grounds,* the St. Lawrence is seen rolling its majestic wave, studded with sails from the stately ship to the humble pilot boat — and the opposite bank extending up the river is highly cultivated, and the houses thickly strewed by the main road, from this height and distance have the appearance of an ?i!inost uninterrupted village. The country to the southward rises by a very gentle asctnt, and the whole view, which is richly embellished by water, woodland, and cultivation, is bounded by remote and lofty mountains, softening shade by shade until they melt into air. Hence the summer scenery of the environs of Quebec vies in beauty, variety, magnifi- cence, sublimity, and the naturally harmonized combina- tion of all these prominent features, with the most splendid that has been portrayed in Europe, or any other ' part of the world/' . . , . -_ '■ '■^' .-J III. MONTMORENCI. s^ The justly celebrated Falls of Moutmorenci constitute an object of inspection with every visitor of Quebec. la elear weather much enjoyment is realized from the ridtf •s ED opportunity is oflered to examine the soil^ modes ot I I -if if m iJ/i, ^ 1) 11 j 'Ml' u 44 Agriculture and habits of life of the Canadian farmen ; and also of viewing Quebec, aud its environs in a novel aspect. It is generally conceded, that the Falls wrhen the river is full is the most magnificent object in the Pro- Tince — being replete with beauty and sublime grandeur* The breadth of the stream at the brink is about 25 yards, and the velocity of the water in its descent is increased by a continual declivity from some distance above. — "With the exception of a large rock near the middle of the bed, the whole is one compact sheet of foam, which is discharged, almost perpendicularly, at the depth of nearly eighty yards into a reservoir among the rocks below. I There are three points which afford the best views of the Falls. 1. From the upper window of the Mill-— whence the projecting leap is safely seen. 2. Having crossed the bridge the visitor proceeds along the brow of the hill, until he arrives nearly in front of the whole cataract — from this summit, the view, with the concomi- tant circumstances, inspires the compound emotions of awe, terror and astonishment. " The prodigious depth of their descent, the brightness and volubility of their course, the swiftness of their movement through the air, and the loud and hollow noise emitted from the basin, swelling with incessant agitation from the weight of the hashing waters, forcibly rivet the attention, and highly elevate the mind of the spectator.** From the same spot, there is a lucid and beauteous pix)spect of Quebec, with its encircling scenery ; and with an ordinary mag- nifying glass, the observer can discern all the prominent •bjecti — the steeples, towers, fortifications, princips^ 45 vdiiices^ the shipping, the coui*se of the St. I^wietice, until it is lost among the hills — Point Levi and its vici- nity — the north side of the Island uf Orleans — the point of Ang;e Gardicn — and the shores of the river as far ai Cape Tournient. Some vestiges of General Wolfe's bat- tery still remain. 3. Hence he descends the hill, and pui*suing its course to the right, he may ordinarily advance to the rock which interrupts the turbulence of the stream when discharged into the chasm. In the view from below the most vivid impressions of this gorgeous cascade are produced — and travellers who do not thus survey the Falls, can form only a faint and incorrect idea of its apparently changing effect. The spray which arises from the bott* ii, and which *' flies off from the cataract in the form of revolving spheres,*' is indescri- bably delicate and beauteous — and the observer who is desirous to enjoy the splendid exhibition of the rainbow, with all its prismatic colours, completely surrounding him, must proceed to the rock which counteracts the im- petuosity of the waters. There in the clear sunshine, and especially when the wind blows the flalfcs of spray moderately towards the north-east, so that he can distin- guish their progressive spread as they recede, he rea- lizes this uncommon display, v^ith no other inconvenience than a sprinkling, but attended with the enjoyment of a natural appearance exceedingly grand and delightful. At a considerable distance above the Falls, the channel of the river is contracted between high vertical rocks, and the water rushes with proportionate velocity. In ons part, at about half a mile from the bridge, cascades of three or lour yards in depth are adjacent to two fine geological J 't\ t. I %\ 1 « ■> ;i. II /: llti A6 turioiities, familiarly denominated the Natural Siepif which appear to have been formed by the attrition of the ftreani, occasioned by the melting of the snows and the augmentic rapidity of the flood. Many of these steps arc so regular, that they almost develope the process of hu- man art. The perpendicular attitude of the rocks on the east side — the tree- crowned summit — the uniformity of appearance resembling an ancient Castle wall in ruins — the precipices on the western bank — and the foaming noisy current portray a romantic wildness, which is veA-y attractive. Observers are amply renumeratcd for their walk, as conjoined with this interesting object, they witness the continuous descent and the accelerating force and celerity with which the river is propelled to the point, whence it is precipitated into the S^. Law- rence. The view of the Montmorenci from below at mid- winter, forms a striking contrast with its appearance in June. lu immediate front, at the foot of the cataract, the spray congeals, and from its continual accumulation, increased by the frequent snows, a hill in the form of a sugar loaf is coagulated, varying each season in its height and bulk, according to the operation of the winds, and the intensity of the frost. ,«, f • IV. THE CHAUDIEBE. . ▲ poetic observer standing on the margin of the river near the Falls, might easily transmute the Grecian ima- gery chanted by the Roman into the actual scene before luoi, and can almost fancy without any peculiar and 47 S^isionary fliglits of the imagiimtion, that he behoUis around him the principal and most solitary dell of the ancient imoiortalized Tempe, - • •■ ' ', , . ** Est Nemus — praerupta quod undique claudit Saxa, — — per qu33, Peneus ab imo Effusus Pindo, spumosis Yolviter undis "^^--..V- Dejectisque — tenues agitantia fumos, Nubila conducit) summisque aspergine sylvas Impluity etsonitu — vicina fatigat." The question has often been mooted, which of the twc Cataracts in the vicinity of Quebec is most worthy o^ visit ? and the only correct reply is, both — for in their prominent aspects, they exhibit few points of contrast. To a person who desires nothing more than the primary and sudden electric feeling of an overpowering and rap- turous surprise, the cascade of Montmorenci would cer- tainly be preferable — but to the visitor, whose under- standing and sensibilities are animated by an infusion of antiquated romance, the Falls of the Chaudiere would be more attractive. Two modes of visiting them are adopted— that by water presents no novelty, as the Steam-boat passage dis- plays the same scene. The most agreeable is to cross at the ferry to the tavern at Point Levi — and while the, carriage is preparing, to walk on the banks of the rivefj [ north-east, until the Falls of Montmorenci are percepti- ble. J3y this means, the visitor obtains by far the best survey of Quebec, which is presented to his regard — Montmorenci with its surrounding objects also offers a new and pleasurable landscape to the beholder— and ii «:. I 11 ; ilj 1 \ m '•■f IV ; 4'^^i '1 1,1 ;4, \u I I \h\ 48 n lioTel tiew of the Island of Orleans, and of tbe mer io its course below is enjoyed— both of which are nearly im- perceptible from the city— except the more elevated part of the land extending to the Telegraphic Obserr vatory. As soon as the hill behind the tayem is ascended ; the scenery is very inviting— and when contemplated both going and returning comprises a successive diversity of feature highly picturesque. The distance to the mouth pf tl;e Chaudiere by the circuitous land road is nearly pine miles— and thence two routes are used to attain a sight of tl^e Falls. 1. By one course, visitors cross at the! ferry — and an indirect path conducts them to the west ^nk of the river. 2. By the other, the traveller diverges from the St. Lawrence, some distance north of the Chaudiere, and arrives within a short walk of the Fall$ pn the eastern bank. The river at the Cascade is much compressed ; being pnly about 400 feet across ; and the depth into the Potj as it is usually termed, is nearly 45 yards. Many rocks divide the stream, precisely at the fall, into three chief currents, of which the westerly is the largest— these partially re-unite before their broken and agitated waves i^re received into the basin ; where each dashing against the other maintains a turbulent whirlpool. The form qf the rock forces a part of the waters into an oblique direction, advancing them beyond the line of the preci« pice, while the cavities in the rocks increase the foaming fury of the revolving waters in their descent, displaying |lo\3ulftr figures of bi-illiant whiteness, which are richly jpontrasted with the encircling dark and gloomy cliffs, a 4M . ^hile the ascending spray developei all tbc taricty oif tlii iculoured cloudy arch, and enlhens the beauty of the laud- scape. The wild diversity of rocks, the foliage of the Overhanging woods, the rapid motion, the effulgent brightness and the deeply solemn sound of the cataracts^ all combining to prtsent a rich assemblage of objecti highly attractive^ especially when the visitor^ emerging from the wood, is instantaneously surprised by the delightful scene. Below, the view is greatly changed^ and the Falls produce an additionally strong and vivid impression. : ^ • * - ^^ If strangers only view the Falls from One side oi the Iriver ; the prospect from the eastern shore is recom^ mended as preferable. Those persons who are desirous to carry away with them a unique remembrancer of their visit, on the western side and in immediate contact with the stream, during the season, may gather strawberries— thus commingling a chief luxury of the garden, with the |)i elusion of Nature's uncultivated and original niagni- iScence. ^ - ■ • - - - . ' The Falls of Montmorenci are not immediately sur- rounded by any rugged scenery, calculated to strengthen [ and perpetuate the peculiar emotion; which is excited by the first glimpse of the cascade — but the dreary wildness in the foliage of the encircling forest, the total absence bf every vestige of human improvement, and the tumul- tuous war and commotion and effulgence, that incessantly occupy the mind and rivet the senses of the beholder iu the survey of the Chaudiere, conjoined with the wider Expansion and larger quantity of the water in the streamy in the opinion of many visitoi*8| more than compensatii j>2 ^1 I i If i: n W h k f ii it '■[' t k 50 i |oi' tlie greater elevation from which the waters of thie Montmoreuci are i)recipitated. ... ,. . ■ *► > * . i -V.)' t'* i%: V. LORETTE. One of the most agreeable excursions in the vicinity of Quebec is that to the Indian village, and Lake St. Charles. The driver should be directed to change hi» route on the return , so as to pass by the eastern bank of the river, and thus the varying scenery is partially changed. . ^ . , >, After a considerable ascent, at four miles distance from Quebec, the traveller arrives at Charleboui'g, a very conspicuous village, comprising about seventy houses— thence the western route conducts to Lorette, and the easterly course leads to Lake Beauport, the ride to which is amply compensated by the diversified land- scape* • - Nearly two miles north of Cbarlebourg, at the foot of the hill, is a vestige of former times ; the sight of which^ in connection with its traditional history, recals to remem- brance some of the lawless doings of Gothic chivalry. Its familial appellation is the Hermitage — the building i» in a ruinous condition, and the garden spot is still discer- - nible. About six acres of land are cleared, which are ' embosomed amid a dense forest, close by a stream, : which, from its rapidity, is never frozen* ■ The Hermitage, it is understood, was erected, more , than a century ago, by one of the Intendants under the '; French government, for the secluded residence of a iady— and nt that period, it must have been alnioi^t ai 51 Unknown and inaccessible as Rosamond's fabulotis lajbf'^ rinthian bower. Two narratives of the cause of tkiai re*^reat exist. The first states^ that the Intendant from motives of jealousy selected this spot, in which to immure his wife — whose accomplishments and beauty he waM anxious to keep secret from the knowledge and allure- ments of his associates — but it might be supposed ^ that his jaundiced feelings were ample torture, without the iwarms of mosquitos and gnats, which, during the summer monthsj must have rendered the Hermitage any thing but an abode of rest. The second tale is more plausible and seems to be attested with superior evidence. The Inten- dant resided at Beau port with his family, and erected this habitation for his Mistress, whom he wished to pre- serve safely from the hatred of his wife. It now howevet Only stands as a dilapidated memento of anterior times/ and of persons whose names cannot be precisely desig- nated. The enjoyment of the ride thither is its present only recommendation. The Indian village is about eight miles from the city/ built upon an elevated situation^ w^hcnce there is ait extensively varied and agreeable landscape, in many points similar to that from Cape Diamond, but alsd including some attractive novelties of outline. It exhibitl a bold and beautiful view of Quebec and its suliurbs, and in its extent, it is bounded solely by the distant southern mountains^ The Indian inhabitants of the village retain many of the prominent characteristics of the aboriginal toamers of the forest, combined with vicious habits ftun- tracted by their propinquity to a large sea-porty atid their intercourse with its migratory population/ At iUif 10^ ! 1 ¥1 VI. LAKE ST. CHARLES. ^ n .^ The distance from Lorettc to the Lake is nearly six miles, and speedily after leaving the village, the grand prospect and the traces of civilization and human exist- ence become comparatively '* faint and ixsw and far between.*' On the return from the Lake, the effect is instantaneous. Emerging at once by the turn of the hill, from deep solitude and a compact forest, into all the expanse of the extended and variegated landscape, dis- cernible at the foot of the exterior mountain, the tra- veller is enraptured with a display of aboriginal and cul- tivated drapery to which memory ever delights to recur. The Lake is an enchanting picture ; and those who have beheld some of the more renowned European inland waters, have asserted, that it developes imagery little mferior in natural beaivty and creative decoration to those reservoirs, which history and poetry have consc crated to perennial remembrance. Upon a calm sum- mer's day, when in he season the forest displays its numberless lights and shades, and the mountain, wood and waters all rex)ose in undisturbed calmness, the quie- tude of the scene exactly harmonizes with the placidness of a good conscience. If the beholder there recalled Henry Kirkc White to his memory, he might justly and feelingly soliloquize in the strains of that lamented Bard : *' And oh ! how sweet this scene o'erhung with wood, That winds the margin of the solemn Hood I .» r ^ t 'What rural objects steal upon the sight — . r ,, ; ^ ■■ What varied views prolong the calm delight ! Above, below, where'er I turn my eyjs. Rocks, waiter, woods in grand succession rise !" In outline, the Lake St. Charles is very irregular — it i» rather more than four miles in length, but its greatest breadth does not exceed one mile ; and it is subdivided, by a narrow strait, into nearly equal portions. Embo- somed, between elevated hills, its shores are clothed with that density of wood and diversified foliage» which are so universal in North America ; and the peaks and tops of some of the more distant northern mountains are singu- larly varied in their configurations, and from their height are exhibited in a very imposing aspect. The points of land which occasionally stretch into the lake are covered with shrubs and many species of trees ; while abrupt rocky blufl's, and small swampy bays alternately present to the amateur and man of science, a rich display of ornament, and materials for geological and botanical !..»'' I I inf m M u k research. In scenes of this character, the Omnipotent developes to our apprehension his beauteous and fascin- ating material operations — and strangers who visit Que. becy and who do not devote a few hours to a sail upon this Lake^ lose the contemplation of a highly endowed and picturesque landscape, and deprive themselves of a lovely excursion, and an unalloyed indulgence, to which the mind would always revert in gratifying retrospect. Of Lake St. Charles, in the early winter, in a clear brilliant meridian, and a calm atmosphere, no language can possibly convey a more accurately descriptive idea, than Grabame's harmonious poesy — it is the very imagery of the cold frosty Canadian latter autumn, conveyed by genius in words to the eye : ^ ! '^ 5 • *' When the waveless lake, in which the wintry stars all bright appear. Is sheeted, by the nightly frost, with ice — Siill it reflects the face of Heaven, unchanged, Unruffled by the breeze, or sweeping blast." ■;■« He wio has seen the gmceful picture in July, even if le has not beheld the subsequent metamorphosis in November, upon reading thost lines, will feel re- animated with the reminiscences of JLake St. Charles, and the indescribable first glimpse of the prospect on his return t^ QuebeCi , ,. ^~, ,. ^> r>, .:.l .J',: j 5 :.):.:; ^:t f * i S5 t ■ )■ T i'K :**^ r:;.. VII. PANORAMA OF QUEBEC. '^*'*^ '* To the admirers of a Panorama, the survey of Quebec and its perceptible vicinity from the steeples of the Epis- copal and Roman Catholic churches is very enchanting. It apparently combines much of the illusions of art, with the palpable reality of nature. The perpendicular character of the declivity precludes the view of the Lower Town immediately beneath the precipice, but that of the Upper Town and the Suburbs is impressively picturesque. From the Flag Staff along the brow of the hill until it reaches its highest elevation on the northern extremity of the Plains of Abraham, and thence pass- ing round the Suburbs, the limit is restricted — but from the west, it expands itself to the distant hills, until pro. grcssively it terminates in Cape Tourment. The nearer objects are presented in all their clear- ness and variety ; and not only do the more prominent edifices appear in their proportionate importance, but the different thoroughfares which are discernible, give a peculiar vivacity to the otherwise agreeable exhibition, The Market-place, Fabrique street, Buade street, Anne street, the Place d'Armes, and Des Carrieres street, immediately below, combine a contrast, which, by the motion of the pedestrians, delightfully mingles with the torpid masses around them. The effect of the scene is much augmented, by the skirting of the city, as thus presenied to the observer. From the west, northerly to the east, the rising heights encircle the view ; un folding- all the variegated appearance of the mountain tints above the fields in cultivation, and especially, the bay oif ') ■. ' V n (■■ 'It ' ' ;t iM ■ ^^M 1 : {:1 m r 11 t i i H 56 Quebec^ with its numerous vessels of all descriptionif moving and at anchor^ unveils a panoramic prospect of particular richness and beauty, characterised not only by an extraordinary diversity, but also by an uncom- ti\(Hi distinttness — as in pictures of this species, especial* ]y where large cities are delineated, the confusion of the objects frequently diminishes our pleasurable emotions. ' Gentlemen who visit Quebec are urgently recommend- ed to obtain permission that they may ascend one of the steeples for this purpose ; as the glimpse of the city from the north-east end of the citadel is totally inadequate to cimvey any correct idea of the principal features, which the view from the spires of the churches presents in such charming graphic relieve* «'• I VIII. QUEBEC TO Paul's bay, *• ^HAT visitors may be induced if possible io arrange for an excursion around the Island of Orleans, or lower down the river, the following concise description is pre- sented to their perusal. The view of the scenery from the west end of the Island is exquisitely divei*sified — ^^there is a richness of combination, and a variety of picture, which the pen would vainly attempt to delineate. Near the Point Le\ ', the river is seen some miles to the south-west ; the Suburbs of St. Rock ; and the country extending td the near heights around to Tharlebouig. I'here is a beautiful contrast between the woody and verdant appearance of the Point Levi, and the north- tide of the city iu its gradual elevation from the water. '■\ 9 $ This panoraroio view is highly impressive. After rounding the point, the distant blue hills to the eastward appear — thence the eye looks upon the lower land and woods of the Point Levi. This expedition is varied by the cleared country and lengthened village of Beauport, with the hills beyond ; the bluIF prominence at the end of the Island ; the extraordinary grandeur of the Falls, which appear like one vast uninterrupted sheet of precis pitated foam ; and thence transferring the eye up the St. Charles River, the bridge unfolds a romantic conipo. sure, highly picturesque. The view of the city, when the mouth of the St. liawrence is no longer perceptible, exactly fills up the magnificent landscape. Above Quebec there is nothing scarcely worthy of no- tice, after this view, except the scene below the Rich- elieu Rapids, and the approach to Montreal. . As the observer proceeds down the river, the objects disappear until a picture of unique beauty is presented. The church and the village of Point Levi are distinctly Been in the left corner. In the front is an amphitheatre extending from St. Rock*s Suburbs to Charlebourg, which bounds the view. The rear of the survey is en- circled with the high hills, which also appear over the fnd of the Island — and amateurs are particularly re- quested to watch for the opening of the elevated village on the extreme right, that they may enjoy a coup d^oeilf which through a good magnifying glass is indescribably beauteous and delightful. Proceeding down the river, the south shore of the Island, near the water, is very partially cultivated, and presents continued undulations, Ttie scene about the Telegraph and below is highly t^'i '!: \i M: 1 • m J 58 agreeable, and thence onward to the point on which stands the church of St. Laurent, exhibiting an «xuct picture of Canada, when cultivated and settled near the banks of the St. I^wrence ; except that the country as the river is ascended developes occasional marks of supe- rior agriculture. Below the parallel of the church of St. Laurent, the view is very attractive, containing all the ornamental assemblages of a landscape, wood, farms, water, and highlands. The first sight of Cape Tourment, presenting its bold bluff in all its rich blueness, here forms a rich contrast, with the verdant Islands studded with houses more immediately in front. "With the vessels in full sail up and down the river, the scene is greatly enlivened — as the stretch of the land- scape westward includes a low bpace between the Island on the right, and a romantic view of Point Levi, adorned with its church and village at the base. From the Telegraph to St. John, the side of the Island is entirely cultivated, and speedily after receding from the last glimpse cf Point Levi, the Island Madame ap- pears directly ahead. From Point St. John the Capes below Cape Tourment become visible— and the appear- ance of the Island \,o its woody point on the east end re- mains identical. On the main land, the south shore comprises the usual variety and the ordinary features of the banks of the St. Lawrence. The view from the river, when equi-distant from St. Laurent and St. John, is beautifully varied. In the Seigniories to the south it is less divested of ood, and the alternations of clumps of trees amid the cleared ground give to the scene its characteristic American features — while on the north 59 the whole shore iu perfectly cultivated, and completely guided by the circular range of mountains extending westerly from Cape Tournient. Above and below there is a sweet landscape, which on the east is entirely skirted by the first range of highlands running from the river towards the south. As the progress is made down the river, and the base of Cape Tournient becomes discernible, the scene is com- pletely changed. On the south shore, the low cultivated lands are thickly settled, and present a rich foreground to the gradually ascending country, until at a far dis- tance in the rear, the landscape is bounded by the tops of the continuous mountain range. The gradual ascent, distinctly perceptible from the southern shore to the commingling of the hills with the sky, offers to view a varied and roomy landscape, which is strongly contrasted with the Island, capped by the blue hills, exhibiting their varied tops and craggy projections. At this point the river greatly widens, and the scene in immediate front assumes an oceanic feature. After the Island is completely passed — the view up the river is delightful. On the Island it extends to St. Laurent, developing a fine bay with the Isle Madame in front — a lengthened view of the north shore with its cultivated fields, and forest ascendiiig behind to the top of the lofty hills bounding the view. The Priests' Farm is immedi- ately in front, from which is another rich and (^i^er^siritd landscape. From the foot of Cape Tounnoit the vi&w. to the eastward is extended by the course i the hills to Cape St. Rock on the south shore — and on the north, the continuous succession of bold barren head lan^l^ i^ M f -:! V V '.] m ¥ m 1 1 ( i^ ^i 1 66 fefen nearly to Pad*s Bay. The succession of islandk^ Madame, Xrane, Goose, and the smaller islets« bear many of the same features. They are not much ^ile^^ vated, woody, and with the exception of Crane and Goose Islands nearly uninhabited. Passing them on th'' north side, they present som^ diversity of pictorial appearance — long low levels, and round terminating prominences — but as a whole they constitute a kind of distinct parapet to the distant southern scenery^ interspersing with the smooth shore in front, bluffs, inlets of water, and verdant forest in its dis- tinctness of foliage* Between the islands appear the villages of Berthier and St. Thomas, with the picturesque and thickly peo- pled settlements around them. After pursuing the course some miles, on the north shore, the direct front view is intercepted by the Isle Aux Coudres — which forms an interesting perspective, when the approach is sufficiently near to distinguish its low and sandy shore ; church and houses forming an inter- esting diversity of minor landscapes as a foreground to the rear high lands. This scene displays a perpetual variety of appearance in its minuter forms, as the observer changes his position. The extremity of the view caster. ]y is marked by Goose Cape and Cape St. Rock ; all between them being uninterrupted water. Of tl' "slands generally it may be remarked that they Jbavc a u older and more attractive appearance on the fail I :> than down the river. •- Paui*g Bay about three miles deep and two wide, at its entrance, Cape au Cabeau on the cast, and Cape de la 6t Baie on the west, into which empties the River Couffre* These Capes are of considerable height and approximate to a perpendicular ascent. The bay is of an ampitheatre form, and with the lofty circuitous hills to the north, unfolds a very romantic and agreeable scene. The church is a prominent object — and the thickly clustered houses at the head of the bay are in a semi-circular form. The hills behind are very precipitous, and their tops present a grand variety of appearance in round bluffs and sharp cone^i carried about, until they termi- nate in the Capes at the mouth of the bay. In its hilly appearance, the north scene a little resembles the upper end of the Lake St. Charles, with a bolder outline and luftier prominences. This view is softened, by the cultivated appearance of the front low ground, and by turning to the Isle Aax Coudres, which exhibits to the observer from the bay a miniature picture of the west end of the Island of Orleans— and on the east, between the island and the main land, is seen the long blue coast stretching to Goose Cape — and thence turning across the river, here thirteen miles wide, the view from the west point of the island meets the southern landscape, until in its ample extension of hill and dale, islands, and water, the whole is intermixed with the maze of the horizon. The front view of Paul's Bay, exclusive of the water, is much assimilated in a minor degree to some of the Swiss valleys among the spurs of the Alps, both in the wildness of the hills, and the studded small farms on the more level but undulating ground below. Of the climate in this vicinity some idea may be formed from the fact that, on the eighteenth day of May, large quantities e2 " 4 , i f } h ■ II, ■ y I m ■ ^ '■ (; i ^1 62 of snow still covered the tops of the mountains to the north. The Capes have a great similitude of appearance ; they are partly bare, or partially covered with stumpy evergreens, dwarfish pines, and shrubs of the hardier species. The high prominences are clothed with the same desolate and cheerless exterior ; varying principally in their elevation and the sharpness of their projections to- wards the water. They offer a striking contrast with the southern bank of the river, which latter constitutes a vast amphitheatre ; the only defect of which as a landscape is, that from the distance, the objects are so amalgamated as to produce an indis,tinctness of visioq. Proceeding up the river, the Capes change their ap- pearance, and are much more romantic. They form an apparently continuous succession of promontories and mountainous cliffs — the rough wildness of which is aug- mented by the momentary glance at the regularity of the elevated lands to the south. This scenic uniformity 13 beautifully interrupted by the varying appearance of the islands in front. The landscape, as the observer ascends the river, is of superior gratification to that on the pro- gress downwards — to the east it is almost a larger space of water— but the adjacent mountains, the distant hills, the nearer land, relieves the eye from the unchange- ableness of a merely aquatic view. .The Capes all bear the same generic character, and appear to be of a similar formation with the chain whicl^ is extended along to the north and west of Quebec. ' - Near Cape Gribanier the elevation and exterior fea- tures and aspect of the hills, are occasionally very mucl^ like part of tlie highlands on the Hudson, and ttid upper end of Lake Cbamplain — only developing more sterility. From Cape Tourment to the Petite Riviere not one settlement is found-^^othe whole shore is too abrupt and rockyy and the banks being craggy and nearly perpendi* cular, although of various altitudes. From the first westerly cottage, towards Paul's Bay, the inhabitants progressively increase and thicken until the village is appi cached' These persons must unavoidably live, se- cluded from all intercourse with mankind, full one half of the year, in the very dreariness and solitude of au unin- termitting arctic winter. The north shore of the Island presents a great similar* ity of appearance with the southern — ascending the river on the right, the scenery is beautifully varied. The settlements are near the bank of the river, which is considerably raised, and form almost a continual street to Quebec. From the Priests' Farm several parishes are passed, the Chateau Richer in ruins, and at the west end of the Island, the grand view of the bay, and the Falls of Montmerenci unfold all their beauty and inagnificence. By the southern channel of the river from the pare!*' lei of the Isle Aux Coudres to the end of the Island ot Orleans, the scene is of course changed. The range of Capes appear in the distant north, enclosing the view in all their rugged barrenness, and the southern shore in its cultivation, villages, and almost unbroken settlements, becomes here distinct and beautiful in its variegated display. il i.'.t *. in f. ."'1 I 1' "i t^^M i r : 'j flfi ") .« ; ^ m < i 64 The breadth of the river renders any attempt loi scenic survey below PauPs Bay useless — Uut in all ex- cursions to view the river the Steam-boat should take both courses — the southern channel should be passed by one route, the Isle Aux Coudres should be sailed round on the eastern side, and the northern channel be pur- sued on the return, or vice versa. "When the tide would serve at a very early hour in the morning, so that the excursion might be completed by the dusk of the evening, it is believed, no inland soil on the continent combines a richer picture in ornate variety than the trip to Paul's Bay. IX. ITINERARY. After this chapter was sent to the Press, a manuscript of hints respecting the scenery of Quebec and its envi- rons, and the most agreeable prospects and excursions around the city, was communicated to the Editor by an amateur whose name is unknown. Probably the writer will scarcely recognize his own detail in the ensuing section, but it was deemed preferable in statu quo, to be charged with repetition, than not to insert the view oi, another observer. Some minute specifications in the hints are excluded as ineongenial with the design of this work, and a few additions have been made, in confor* mity with the marginal suggestions. The omissions are chiefly upon those topics, which are , more fully illustrated in their proper sections, except in reference to the scientific remarks. Upon this point, it may not be improper to remind the erudite scholar and ) es polished son of science, that this little work was not intended to display learned historical lore, much less to elucidate the arcana of nature's recondite philosophy ; it is merely designed to extend the knowledge of the most prominent objects which claim and merit examina- tion around Quebec, and to facilitate all persons in the gratification of their desire to survey the varied objects which invite their regard. Conceiving therefore that the manuscript, a little modified, would subseive the grand design of this publicatioD — this Itinerary is inserted — and it will also demonstrate the same impression which is produced upon the minds of observers, when it is added, that notwithstanding the exactitude of idea, and the almost verbal similarity of language, the author of the following remarks never will see any part of the Picture of Quebec, until it is duly published. * It is desirable that strangers arriving at Quebec should so dispose of their time, that they may be enabled to embrace many objects in a given period. The following remarks will assist them to accomplish so desirable an end. . Our American friends unfortunately visit Quebec as the last Lion in their tour—and gen ^rally embark in the Steam-boat from Montreal, remain twenty-four hours, and then return, without seeing any thing, except a cursory view of the city — whereas Quebec and its envi- rons abound in the most romantic and charming views, certainly not equalled on the continent of North Ame-^ rica, and affording a rich banquet to all admirers of the bteauties of nature. ' '^ Upon attempting to gain the first view, the highest spot should be selected, if convenient, as the steeples of In i'l ': 1:W t I - I ! '. II li ^:i J* V' 'I I, •' " 1^ the Churches, or any other lofty obj^ct^ as thence, the whole vicinity so far as perceptible, is at once, h'ke a map, distinctly seen. An attendant acquainted with the landscape, and who can define the various towns, villages tind the topography of the whole, is highly requisite, as the spectator thereby obtains a general knowledge of the locality of the various prominent scenery. "When within the Citadel, a position should be taken near the Inclined Plane within the walls — from this spot, the course of the river up and down, with the opposite banks of the St. Xiawrence, the extensive plains backed by aerial moun-* tains, the shores of Beauport, the mouth of the Mont- morenci, the chain of mountains terminating in Cape Tourment, the Island of Orleans, and the Bay of Quebec^ offer a coup d^ceil very magnificent, and scarcely sur- passed on earth. From the top of the Signal Fust and the summit of Brock's Cavalier, two splendid panoramas of the city and country are beheld. They are unrivalled — for the boasted Bay of Naples would gain little by the comparison. The walk along the Ramparts, looking to the Suburbs of St« Louis and St. John, is a delightful promenade, enlivened by extensive and beautiful views. At high water, neat sun-sct, the river St. Charles from the fortifications pre* sents a lovely lake-like scene, the shores of which are studded with buildings, lit up by the declining rays of the glorious orb. From the Grand Battery and the prome- nade in front of the Monument to Wolfe and Montcalm, are seen extensive and charming prospects. Indeed no city in th^ universe combines more lovely promcoadesy 67 which present splendid views of the highest attraction, than Quebec. A morning's walk to the Plains of Abraham, offers the beautiful scenery with its historical recollections in fresh tints. The pedestrian, on leaving St. Liouis Gate, should turn up the stairs to the Glacis, continue his course under the Citadel, and pursue a path to the right, leaving the Tower No. 1 to the right. A public mall might easily be. formed in this direction of the most interesting character. The views of the St. Lawrence on the left and front are very beauteous, and the path is adorned with the hues of different evergreens. At the termination of the inclosures, the bank is ascended to the Plains of Abraham, near the spot where Wolfe died. The large house at a distance in the front, is erected on the site of a French redoubt, which defended the ascent from Wolfe's Cove, and was the primary object of assault and capture, after the top of the hill had been gained by the British troops. A pleasant ride may be enjoyed by proceeding from St. Louis Gate, and pursuing the road on the right side of the wood. Emerging from the woods, the magnificent landscape to the southern mountains suddenly presents itself to the equestrian with much of its amplitude and variety. Arriving at a cross, a turn is made to the left, and by another route the return is made to St. Louis Gate, or passing down the hill to the Coves, the course may be taken immediately on the banks of the St. Law- rence to the city. This ride might otherwise be extended to the Cap Rouge, the scenery upon which stream presents very attractive features. There the right hand road should be pursued, which conducts to tl\e :| 1;lr' 'l It I 'I i: i . .K I i m m «8 St. Foy Church, and thence to St. John's Gate. By thus changing the route, the whole southern landscape is viewed on the river road, and the northern prospect is beheld on the return. From the shores at Point Levi, the landscapes com- bine both novelty of outline and perspective impres- sively beautiful. The visit >r, having procured his calash, ascends the hill, a: ' an its summit an almost une- qualled prospect is i el^elcl This is a ride filled with picturesque scenery in all its ^^.a rms. It is on this hill that Quebec in all its castellated grandeur appears in its grandest and most imposing aspect, and especially towards evening, when the purple shadows diversify all the landscape with their delicious colouring. About five miles from the city, the Ftchemin is crossed, and the traveller pursues his course to the Chaudiere. This ride and the F^lls afford ample materials for geological explo- ration. The view from below Point Levi may be enjoyed as a distinct excursion ; this includes the Falls of Montmorenci across the Bay. Another excursion is to the Indian Lorette, whence the views of Quebec and the distant country are very enchanting. The immediate encircling scenery is cheer- ful and attractive, thence the course is pursued to Lake St Charles, returning from which, and approaching the habitations nearest the exterior hills, the view bursts upon the sight, which will never be forgotten. v A morning may also be devoted to a ride to Lake Beau port. There is also an easterly excursion by land which com- bines superior attractions, but it cannot be completed in less than three days, and the tourists must previously 69 tupply themselves with their own necessary comforts. It is on the northern shore of the St. Lawrence. The first halting place would be the Falls of Montmorenci — the best view of which is from the east bank. Having surveyed them from the top of the aqueduct^ the natural steps should be visited ; in miniature these resemble the Trenton Falls in the State of New York. From Mont- morenci, the ride proceeds to the Chateau Richer, which are the ruins of a Franciscan Monastery that was built about one hundred and thirty years since '^ stands upon a rocky promontory on the bank of the ^-t, 1 wrence. It was destroyed by the orders of Gener ! \f olfe, when his army was encamped on the eastern 5aLk of the Mont- morenci. Through the interventioL ^ che Priests who resided there, the Habitans refused to supply the Bri- tish troops with the necessary provisions, and so strongly was the edifice defended, that artillery alone reduced the fraternity to subjection. Part of a tower and some of the exterior walls only now remain. About two miles from the Chateau Richer, the visitor will halt, and walk a short distance to the Sault a la Puce, a small stream descending from the high lands, which, often winding through a mountainous and woody country, comprises some very romantic falls, where the stream is precipitated in three declivities in succession, and the banks are rich in a profusion of sylvan orna- ments, and especially when the autumnal foliage displays its multiplied variety of beauteous tints. There is some similitude between this scene and the Falls of the Cats- ki.l mountain. i ■ m ;' !: i ■„-' i. . I •1 U\^ m ' 1 if ^ fi 70 Thence the route leads to St. Anne ; and two miles beyond the village, at twenty-eight miles distance from Quebec, the traveller proceeds to visit those interesting Falls. The road ascends a part of the way up the moun- tain — there are seen splendid prospects of Quebec and the adjacent country — but without a glass, from the dis- tance, the scenery in the back ground is rather indistinct Having attained the level, a rough path for nearly a mile and a half conducts the visitor, after a sudden descent into a most solitary vale of rocks and trees, almost a natural grotto, through the centre of which the stream rushes, until, it escapes by a narrow channel between the rocks, and continues roaring and tumbling with aug- menting velocity. From below, there is a striking view of the Cataract, which combined with the natural wild- ness and extraordinary features of the scenery battle des- cription : the painter alone could convey to the mind the representation with effect. Some amateurs prefer this scene to the admired Trenton Falls. The scenery around the Priests' Farm, near Cape Tourment, is very attractive^ and the sight of the valley and Falls of St. Fereole will compensate for the fatigue esperienced in descending to them. To complete the excursion, the visitors should arrange, if possible, to stand on Cape Tourment in the morning, there to behold the sun emerging from the horizon. From this bold bluff, nearly six hundred yards above the river St. Lawrence, to the east, south and west is presented a diversiJied landscape, which includes every variety that the painter can embody. Mountain and valley, wilderness and culti- ^ f*-Eti M- ir m ■,f. i , f 1^ H I' ' i ■ii,..^ , ..,„ liiiifMriiiii"J :— ■* , ?i;t:ifcr^ « r * ^ 'f 1 ; ■1 1 ■ f is.'.^Ttivu'.'i^iF^M:. 'XJi3ncns'0ia.c . s \ ' i ,■■ ««■ WWF, iSB5:S"/lSJI?iJLiJe5f C<:.,W^7d&y£ riT».<«j. K- Kujr'x.'i Iv .'«»»■( M.ii.l. .ill.' >* m vation^ land and water with their appertenances and ornamentS) here shewing a modern's operations, and there bearing the marks of antiquity. To the connoisseur, the artist, and the scientific explorer, this excursion will afford a vast accession to their stores of knowledge, and it will not less gratify even the traveller who only roams for health, the sight of novelty, and the acquisition of unsullied enjoyment. •I ... II ■ A X. EXCURSIONS. Two superior enjoyments both for citizens and tourists are still wanting. 1. A regular and easy communication with the Island of Orleans, with the means in constant readiness, by which visi ors might ride to its eastern extremity ; and if desired, thence be conveyed by water to the foot of Cape Tourment, that they might ascend to its summit. No person beholds that point from Quebec, who does not desire to stand on its superior elevation. 2. It is a great disappointment to many travellera that they caAiot conveniently view the St. Lawrence below Quebec. A Steam-boat occasionally sails oa a Sunday for thirty or forty liiiles below the city, but the Lord's day is totally objectionable for a sail of plea-^ sure. Every principle of personal morals, social DECORUM, AND CHRISTIANITY, ANATHE.^TATISES THTl UNGODLY PRACTICE. Bcsidcs it is not sufficiently extent sive to satisfy curiosity, or to develope the varied prv>9- pects of the northern and southern shores. **5fv I .1. ' tl 72 n A boat should start early in the week, if the weathct* permitted, aud proceed to Kamouraska — thence cros&i to the mouth of the Saguenay^-coast the north bank of the St. Lawrence — pass between it and the Island of Orleans, or vice versa. The whole excursion to be made by day- light. As a few weeks only wouLl admit of such a voyage, it is believed, that the attempt would be highly agreeable to travellers, and not less advantageous to the Steam-boats. If this more distant trip could not be arranged ; a sail to St. Thomas, St. Paul's Bay, and around the Island with« OUT Sabbath-breaking, would partially supply a very desirable gratifieation, both to strangers^ and also to the resident citizens. To verify this fact,, and to represent to strangers, the gratification which they may anticipate from a sail down the river ; they are reminded of tiie concise description already incorporated, which comprises the view of the scenery between Quebec and Paul's Bay. m f'J I m .! %> Z:CCL£SIASTICAI> EDiriCES. ii;i ;f'!»^- iliig ^-^'-^ I. EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The representation was drawn from the north end of the Chapel attached to the Ursuline Convent, including part of Anne street. With the exception of the unfinished Catholic Church :.* Montreal, this edifice is one of the most perfect and pleasing specimens of Canadian archi. tecture. Although not much ornamented, the keeping is correct. Built upon an elevated spot, the steeple, which is of considerable height, being covered with tin, is a very perspicuous mark, and one of the objects most prominent in every discernible view of the city. The grand entrance is on the west ; and the interior is neat and commodious, having extensive galleries on the front and sides. It is furnished with a powerful organ of sweet melodious tone. Arrangements are also making, by which it is to be supplied with a set of bells. To an observer the whole situation appears light and graceful, which is increased by the effect of the glitter- ing roof and spire. The walls are of grey sandstone. In length, it extends forty-five yards, by twenty-five yards in breadth ; including a considerable interstice for the altar, and a capacious vestibule. It is erected on the west corner of the Place d' Amies ; the chief front, with a ipacious area, being on Garden street. v2 1 ! ' • ■fl 1 1 74 f4 X E^i II. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH. Fronting on the east side of the Market-place, stands the principal R man Catholic Church. It is a massive, unornaniented and spacious stone building — in length, measuring seventy yards, and is about thirty-six yards in breadth, but it is rather disproportionately high, and otherwise defective in geometrical delineation. The spire, from having been erected on the south side of the edifice, gives to the front view a singular and rather un- grateful appearance. From the vestibule, the body of the interior is subdivided into equal proportions ; and on the north and south are two spacious aisles. At the ter- mination of the nave is the grand altar in the middle of the ellipse constituting the sanctum, the walls of which are ornamented with representations and figures, commingled with various other graphical emblems. The pulpit is a transcript of antiquity ; and the ends of the side aisles are also decorated with the various Roman Catholic symbols and their usual concomitant appendages. During the siege of Quebec, in 1759, this Church was set on fire by shells, which were discharged from the battery on Point Levi, and all its paintings and other ornaments were consumed, except the first mentioned in the ensuing catalogue, which was found among the ruins, but so essentially injured, that the labor of the artist was required to restore the parts which had been niuti- lutcd. % m ' is l! 7S In tlie Churcli are found the following pictures. h The Altar piece pouitrays the Conception^ in the itylc of L€ Brun, 2. On the north is a repiesentation of the Apostle Paul in his eitatic vision. II Corinthians xiL — by Carlo Maratti, 8. On the opposite wall is a design by Restout — The Saviour ministered unto by Angels. 4. The painting above the altar in the south nave is a recent copy of the middle painting over the altar in the Chapel of the Seminary — the flight of Joseph and Mary with the young child into Egypt. Matthew ii. 19— 2U 5. On the pillar above the pulpit is a delineation of the Redeemer on the cross — by Vaiidyke, 6. On the opposite pillar is — the nativity of Christ, a copy of the famous design by Annihal CarrachL 7« The Saviour under the contumelious outrages of the soldiers. Matthew xvii. 27 — SI — by Fluret. 8- The day of Pentecost Acts of the Apostle* ii. — by 9. The Bloly Family— by Blanchard, There are also a portrait of St« Anne^ and the Holy Family, both copies. The perspective view of the Roman Catholic Church was taken from the upper entrance of the Barracks, fronting fiuade street. On the left is a part of the south wing of the Seminary, near the piiucipal avenue, sur- mounting the corner of the Market- house. In the fore- ground is the appearance of the Market-place in the »»orning, with a cow drawing a sled, laden with wood, !>;/ the horns, aad a dog hainesscd to its dioiinUtiv« r-\ % 76 cariole. On the right is the whole length of fiuacie street, terminated by the top of the distant hill, on the east side of the river, skirting the horizon. «V! III. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. This is an unadorned edifice, fronting on St. Anne street, with a steeple. The view was taken to the west- ward. On the right are the houses near the Gaol, and on the left are part of the street, the spire of the Episcopal Church, and the trees within the inclosure. |;fi IV. TRINITY CHAPEL. The front of this building on St. Stanislaus street (& del '- neated. Its interior is neat rnd ^f^nveuient; with an Organ of superior quality. V. ST. John's chapel. This place of worship stands in St. Francis street. It In without ornament, and occupied by Congregationalistb, VI. i^IETHoDIST CHAPEL. This ao'ise is opposite to the east end of Angel street, and is p'^rircti; plain. The society arc united nith the English Conicrem.e. iwpwpwi— ■«»»"■ 77 lie ie Vn. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH OF THE CONGREGATION. This is a modern edifice, erected on the west end of the Esplanade. It comprises no object inviting peculiar attention* VIII. ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN THE LOWER TOWN. This building fronts on the Market-place, and was built in consequence of a vow made during the seige of Que- bec, in 1690, undertaken by an English force unde^^ the command of General Phipps. It is surmounted by a spire, but contains no peculiarity meriting a stranger's notice. The following taie is pare of its traditional history. This Church was nearly deso- lated by fire during the campaign of 1759. At tl.ai period, it contained a fine painting whic^ represented a town in flames, with an inscription w oh announced, <'that in the year 1711, when Quebec was menaced with a seige by Admiral Walkerjand ^General Hill, one of the Religieuses' prognosticated tlit the Church and the Lower Town would be destroyed by the British in a conflagration before the year 1760." It is stated, that. this circumstance made 'a powerful impression upon all orders of the people. The fact see .s to be so well attested; that it constitutes one of those historical aiiom?*.- lies, vrhich preclude sitisfactory explanation. id 78 I #1 tX. BOMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH IN ST. ROCH'0 ^ ^ SUBURBS. This is a spacious and handsome edifice, of recent con- kruction, pleasantly situated, and contains a considerable Variety of decoration. In the Sacristy are portraits of tope Pius VII. and of the late Roman Catholic Bishop «>f Q.uebec. The Church is adorned with several original pictures. 1. The Annunciation of the Angel Gabriel to the Vir- gin Mary. Luke i. 26 — 88 — by Restout, 2. The Holy Family — by Colin de Vermond. 5. The Resurrection of the Lord Jesus Christ — bj Chalis, 4. St. Nicolas— by Vignon* 6. St. Roch aad a Virgin — by Blanchard. This view was taken from the eastward. Ti WlJ upl shil ni X. PROTESTANT BURYING GROUND« This dormitory of the dead is situated in St. John's Sub- urbs, on the Main street, about one quarter of a mile from the gate. Attached to it is a small building, appro- priated for the obsequies prior tp the interment of the corpse, and for public worship according to the rites of ihe Episcopal Church mmmMk^ mUkiiiiuiSitmBlkUiiitiimMsilim j ii i wi rm • tti MUn t Mmi^m ii if .^*.^mu*.^ ^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGbT (MT-S) II 1.1 11.25 ■filM 125 US 12.0 118 US u 0% $^' A? '^^**' ^ .■» / Hiotographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET \WESSTER,N.Y. I45M (716) •73-4903 f\ iV ^ <^ ■3Wlf^ _ 'CAiSTILE , s? lUKvn:- :2!f¥.'n)T.'3ir'3 vMVi^^rM, 1 ©lE'JS^RyTu H&^MIP/X IKffjinilhlMWi. '^■**l ■■ illltM ■!!< I .^1. UliiflLW . * .in.to-**.,. -,>.,. ... ., ,. ^^ .■■^■.. .^■— ,.„....,^^Uw.-';^y | * . I l l I *i> I !«■ |L_i e?' The Altars are highly ornamented ^ and the eniblematic figure on the roof gives a light and airy appearance to the whole. "" 1. Over the Grand Altar is— The birth of Immanuel, Luke, Chapter ii. — by Vigneau, 2. Above the eastern Altar is — The Saviour exhibiting his heart to the Religieuses — by Le Sueur, S. On the right. The Saviour taken down from the cross. A Mater dolorosa — hy Vandyke, 4. Opposite. The Virgin Mary and the young Child. Pursuing his right hand from the pulpit, the visitor be- holds in succession — 5. A cargo of Christians captured by the Algerines — some experiencing different tortures, with their ransomer* , from bondage, paying for their release — by Restaut, 6. liOuis XIII. of France, and the first royal Gover- nor of New France, with a tablet of the then exist- ing Bourbon Family. An allegorical represeutatioa of Canada. 7. Mary's visit to Elizabeth. Luke i. — by Collins. '' 8. At the end, is the representation of Jesus Christ sitting down at meat in Simon's house, Luke vii — by Champagne. This painting is of high merit and great value. 9. Salome presenting the head of John the Baptist to Herod and Ilerodias. Mark vi. 10. The first pictnre on the western wall is — The mira- culous draught of fishes. Luke v,— by De Dieu, 11. The parable of the wise and the foolish virgins ; JMathew XXV.— ./^a/?«n. If .> ■ ■ » <: S r 1. 84 13. A full IcDgth portrait of thd Saviour, dclluMtcl in th# attitude of preachiog^by Champagne. The paintings \tithin the Convent cannot be inspected. From the Chapel being generally closed, except upon tho days of ecclesiastical commemoration, many visitors have been deprived of the opportunity of viewing the interior ; to obviate this defect, they should recur to the Chaplain^ whose apartments are on the right of the entrance, and who will oblige strangers by admitting them to the inte- rior of the edifice. XV. THE HOTEL DIEtr. TuBSE premises include a large proportion of thi northern part of the interior of the city — commencing from the gate of the burial ground en Couillard street^ and extending to Palaee street, with a wall on the north^ parallel to the fortifications; the while space occupying about twelve acres. This Institution was commenced in 1637, under the auspices of the Duchess of Aiguilldn^ and was eonsecrated to the reception and care of the sick« wllo are indigent and distressed. It is a capaeious edifice^ the longest portion of which extends nearly one hundred and thirty yards by seventeen in depth, and three stories higlL On the north-west side from the centre, a range is erected two stories high, fifty yards in length, an^' nearly as many feet broad, plain and unadorned. This wiBg k appropriated for the patients ; the upper story of whiok 11 oaottj^ed by the females* All proper atttndanot l>otli from the Nuns and Physicians, with ererj necessary comfort, is gratuitously administered. The annual ex- penditures are considerable ; and although the revenues are ample, yet from the munificence of the relief which is afforded to the numerous strangers in penury and afflic- tion who arrive in Quebec, the Provincial Parliament occasionally aid the liberality of the Institution by doDa*. tions from the public Treasury. • - In the convent the Sisterhood reside, who now include jthe Superieure, thircy-three Religeuses Professes, two Novices and one Postulante. The regularity, neatness and purity with which the establishment is conducted^ and the solace of the wretched who find refuge in this hospitable domain, are highly exemplary. The increasing commerce of the port, and the augment- ing number of emigrants who annually arrive during the navigable season, have rendered additional accommoda« tions requisite ; in consequence of which a new edifice is proposed to be erected under the sanction of the consti-. tuted authorities, and at the public expense, particularly for the benefit of Europeans who are sick when they arrive, and mariners with disease and fractures. "^ "The Church of the Hotel Dieuj externally, is perfectly "plain, and the interior is little adorned. The paintings may be examined upon application to the Chaplain. ' There is a variety of small pictorial designs in the ad. *jacent rooms— four paintings of the inost momentous events in the Redeemer's history, are suspended in the ■apartments of the sick — with portraits of the Apostles 'decorating th« walls of the Church; but they all are ' copiei. • T. , '•tt i'm ^ if: II ,4 ,. J% ti.. The following pieces are original :— 1. The Nativity of Christ, Luke ii.-by SUlla. 2. The Virgin and Child — by Coi/peL , , 3. The Vision of St. Therese — by Menageat. . y 4. St. Bruneau wrapt in meditation — by he Sueur, , A painting in the Chaplain's sitting room merits notice, not for the artist's workmanship, but for the subject, as illustrative of the perils and sufierings of the original European settlers of Canada. In the winter of the year 1649, the Indians assailed the Chapel of the Jesuit Mis- sionaries at Three Rivers. The Society at that period numbered seven members. Two made their escape, one , of whom was subsequently found in the woods congealed in a devotional attitude, and the other was discovered .. prostrate, frozen on the ice of one of the rivers. The Priest Daniel and his brother were shot, as they fled out of the Chapel then in flames. Another of the fraternity, named Jog, was mutilated by the loss of his , fingers in succession ; and with his wrists fettered, kneel- ing down, was butchered by two of the Indians, who cleaved his head with their battle axes. The old Priest Breboeuf and a younger Missionary, Lal- ' lemand, were reserved for still more excruciating and protracted tortures. They were tied to two stakes, sepa- rated by a short distance. The junior was literally burnt . piecemeal, by the application of ignited pine sticks suc- ; cessively brought into immediate contact with the various 1^ parts of the body, the most distant from the vitaL. In , the intensity of his corporeal agonies, just before the mor- tal frame succombed to the ingenious and infuriated nia- Urolence and cruelty of the barbarians, he addressed 87 Brebccuf, <* Ah ! I have icarccly a graiu of faith left'* — to which his fellow-sufTerer magnanimously replied — «< one grain of true faith in Christ is enough to remove all this mountain of anguish and misery." The senior Priest had long endeavoured to tame these savages, but in vain. They astonished him by saying, <' you have come a long distance you tell us, after the manner of John the Baptist, to baptize us in cold water, we will baptize you with hot water." To execute their marvellously inhuman scheme, they fastened a cross pole between the stakes to which the two Priests were bound, and hung on their large pots to boil the water. A refinement of almost unparalleled merci- less infliction was superadded. They strung on an iron hoop or ring several axe heads, and placed them in the lire ; when the axes wctq red^hot^ they cast the ring over Breboeuf's head, so that thus suspended, his breast and shoulders were corroded by the igneous axes, to his un- utterable torment. "When the water was ready, two of the Indians with large shears cut ofl' large pieces of flesh and made other deep incisions in the arms, legs, &c. to the bones — as soon as a number of these gashes were made in various parts of the frame, one of the savages efl[\ised a kettle of boiling water over the agonized Brebocuf ; and thus in a continual alternation of relentless butchery and scalding, combined with triumphant yellings at their novel mode of Algonquin baptism, they ceased not their 'successive tortures, until, life being extinct, the remains of their victims were transferred to be consumed in tht sam* fire. Ij I f i II m IBP m I? "4 • t iJ. «^V«' # «.#• ^(HTyS-i a I Li ! XVI. GExVERAL HOSPITAL. The establishment thus denominated is situated nearljf' a mile west of the fortifications, on the banks of the river St. Charles, and was commenced in the year 1698 by the then Roman Catholic Bishop of Quebec. Its princi- pal front is delineated in the perspective view, with the circumjacent scene. Mr, St. Valliere instituted this Con- vent expressly to relieve invalids and persons afflicted by , disease. It is a capacious structure^a parallellogram, of nearly equal sides, seventy-six yards in length, and eleven yards deep — and on the south-west, a wing projects more than forty yards, by fifty feet broad. The uncircumscribe4 f principle up .i vhich the Institution was founded neces- sarily introc' ices a great number of patients, so that it is ordinarily occupied by the children of sorrow in all its diversified exhibitions. To superintend the Hospital those are the Superieure of the Convent, forty-five Religieuses Professes, two Novices and two Postulantes, all of whom are ampiy accommodated ; and besides sufficient and con- venient apartments for their varied avocations. The eomfortable economy of this Hospital is very regular, and . all possible alleviation is tendered to the disconsolate, pained and enfeebled inmates. Near the principal building is a separate house appro- priated expressly for persons insane. Attached to the Convent is a neat and convenient church — but it contains nothing peculiarly distinctive in character except its ornaments. The paintings are copies only of the origl- nali in th« oth«r churchei and chapels. S9 Ai this edifice it in strict parlance dedicated to tii« ordinary purpose of an Hospital, and as its occupants are generally numerous, the annual expenditures amount to a large sum j which are defrayed by Parliamentary dona- tions — by the rent of landed property appropriated ex- pressly for its support — and by the proceeds of the labour which the Nuns devote particularly to ornamental trin- kets, and ecclesiastical embellishments. Persons of taste will be pleased with a view of St. Roch's Church— and philanthropic visitors of Quebec will be gratified by a survey of the Hotel Dieu and the General Hospital. In beholding the wards allotted to the sick and the impoverished, they will witness the exact order and economy with which the advantages of those charitable Institutions are regularly and faithfully admi« tered. *, h f : \ J .- i n f,' 't'l ?!■■*« I i f n-r nor ; and from its peculiar situation, it constitutes one of the principal objects of notice, in all views of the cily, from Beauport easterly to the Chaudierc. At its base the rock is nearly two hundred feet in perpendicular height, and the building on the Cjist is sustained by strong stone buttresses, on which is laid a wide balcony, extending along the whole length, and whence the beauties of the northern and eastern landscape are beheld. The building is of three stories, about fifty-four yards in length and fifteen yards deep, with small wings. Since the last repairs in 1809, its interior is conveniently arranged, and its superior apartments are tastefully decorated. To it are attached all the buildings suitable and convenient to the dignified station of the Provincial Executive Chief. -^ The Garden is on the south-west of the Castle — in length nearly thirty poles, and in breadth from the wall to the Kue des Carrieres about seventy yards. On the opposite side of the street, in the front of which stands the monu- ment to Wolfe and Montcalm, is a lot, one hundred yardi long by eighty-four broad, which having been designed as a public walk, was formally planted with trees to shade the pedestrians — at present, however, it is appro- priated at an additional garden for the terriee of tlie 91 CoTernor. Tha Caitle, in consequence of its partial exclusion from the sight by the gloomy walls of the build- ings in front, loses much of its impressivencss and attrac- tion. By a snperficial obscMver, who merely passes along the riuce d'Armcs, the Governor's residence is scarcely noticed. This part of the city would be much more beautiful in aspect, were the defacing incumbrances, which give a dreary appearance to the whole eastern side of the Place d'Armes, removed — then the Castlfc would be displayed in an imposing view to general con- templation. \ * I I II. THE PARLIAMENT HOUSE. This edifice was formerly erected for the Catholic Bishops of Quebec ; who at present reside in the east end of the Seminary. It commences at the Prescott Gate on Mountain street and extei.ids north-east forty yardiS| thence it is prolonged, almost at a right angle towards the battery, nearly fifty yards — being about thirty-fire deep, and of different elevations. The wing now occu- pied by the House of Assembly was formerly a Chapel, sixty-five feet long, and thirty-five in breadth. Adjoining the front on the south is the lobby and wardrobe — the library and the Speaker's chamber succeed — below is the bureau of the Provincial Secretary — and the lower part of the south wing is occupied by the various officers and committees of the House. The upper story is appropriated to the Legislative Council, whose chamber for their sessions is on the nortlv \m . It '.r ' I, I .V ! Mi^ i -r: :l / 6S end — the whole luite of apartments round to the gate if used by the committees and clerks of the Council. To a stranger^ the exterior of the edifice conveys no idea of the important purposes for which at present it is designated) and it is indubitable that the Provincial Par« liament are by no means conveniently accommodated, for the discharge of the public business to which they are appointed. An entire demolition of the whole dilapi« dated structure is requisite — while the erection of a rotunda for the Executive Government, with a wing for each of the Houses of Parliament, and their offices, library, committees, &c. to observers ascending the river and other posts of inspection, would form a magni^* ficent addition to the exterior view of the city, and would be not less agreeable to the Members and the public, than it would be beneficial in the facilities, which it would afford to all persons for the execution of their duties. >, . _,.;.. . . . . , , . The inconveniences and restricted space cf the present House, especially during the Parliamentary sessions, are such that a more capacious and roomy edifice is impera^ tively demanded ; and this necessity must increase with the continual additions to the population, the consequent enlargement of the delegates to the Assembly, the accu- mulating business of the Members, the augmented number of necessary oilicers, and the multiplied attendance of persons from all parts of the Province, appealing to the Parliament for Legislative sanction to the diversified inventions and improvements in commerce, agriculture and education, which the modern spirit of enterprise \% •constantly generatin|[. »?. in. THE COURT HOUSlSr Tbx end of the Courts House stands where a Church watf formerly erected. It belonged to the order of the Recol- letsy of whom none now remain in Canada. Those ancient structures, the Monastery, Chapel, &c. consti- tuting a large establishment, were consumed by fire in 1796, and within the garden, the yard of the Episcopal Church was also included. The Court House is to the south of the Episcopal Church, on the opposite side of the Place d*Armes from the Castle of St. Lewis, with a plain and uniform, but pleasant front on St. Louis street. It is a superstructure of stone, in length about forty-five jrards, and in breadth nearly as many feet The whole middle part of the Court House on the lower floor is occupied by the Magistrates for their Quarter Sessions ; on each side of which is a wing extending to a consider- able additional depth. An arched vestibule conducts on either side to a passage, from which there are avenues to all the Court rooms, and law offices. The building exhibits no ornament ; but it is externally neat, and the interior conveniences are amply sufficient for all the pur« poses for which it was erected. - .ij n \l ■»j:' '.n m. IV. THE PUBLIC OFI*ICES. The various offices connected with the Civil Adminis- tration of the Government, occupy the spacious edifice at the corner of the Place d*Armes and Fort street, formerly known as th^ Union Hotel; and from its vicinity i.\. 14 fm^ m to the Castle and the Parliament House, combined with its great conveniences, it is excellently adapted for the objects to which it is applied. The whole front on the first story contains the IMuseum of the Society for Pro- moting Literature, Science, Arts and Historical Research iu Canada, ll V. THE JAIL. This is a modem building, of the same materials, a beautiful grey stone, and of similar exterior appearance as the Court House. It is located in an airy elevated situation, and well adapted for its design. It is fifty-six yards in length, fronting on the north-east, sixty-eight feet in breadth, with a spacious yard for the use of the prisoners, and three stories high, and except one excres- cence is a pleasing architectural subject of examination. Unless it is supposed, and if so, without doubt, the impression is erroneous, that the continual sight of the iron '.-i.^'nery, whence malefactors are suspended at their ex^i. tioa, produces an intimidating effect, it shouH be iti'i V .'L io be temporarily affixed when the law requires the painful infliction of its highest condemnatory punish- ment. As it now is constantly in view, it perfectly deforms the front of the building, which is ftot otherwise repulsive, and unnecessarily excites revolting emotions; incongenial with the grateful sensibilities, which are rea- lized by strangers, who roam through the city to scrutinize its novel objects. '■ , .*^. 1 ,,/■■. ~*^'- - '-■ " JW9F' ■I .ST m1 (i'Mrr '.S ■f'H A3"]E]I-i . *. 'Xl .fl- •■fi'! r ioTi'iT M'fi'Tn^oTB. P*.* :» . « y:«- „I)1IKTM n'ji^I.«X t]WA^35^ ^1 -'^ ( El P! yi\ i- '.k^" ^ .%^#- '■*"■'* I ' V* .■j!*^ r^ ^ •■ '^fll : .,*P " . t r^ i 1 L. w. « w > U-YV .w. ., .,.. w'i> ii ^ . ,l. , i - I I I ■ ! r i i^-^n i» 'i l l i ■JiJaii cii^Mfcit.«»wili;tVai,.ili--..,, , ■.^-^-..^^,^ | ^|,.,.,...^y.^^.-.-.,. ■wt"«M»l, A^' S1 9S i9r VI. PUBLIC WAREHOUSE. This spacious building was finished in the year 1821^ ,and is erected on the King's ivharf, being appropriated solely for the reception of the stores belonging to the Government. It measures in length two hundred and fifty feety with a considerable depth. It is constructed of the same species of stone as the Court House aqd. Jail<^ but neither the front towards the river, nor that o^^ the Cui de Sac exhibits ^ny external ornament ^i. ,'i m m - ti ^Tli ■•<^v .; VII. THE INTEND ant's PALACE. This ancient edifice used by the former French Admin* istration is now in complete decay. After the surrender of Quebec to the British army in 17 59, it was deserted by the new Governors- It was occupied by General Arnold and his troops during the blockade of the city in 1^75^ but the Garrison eventually drove them from that post by bomb-shellsy which nearly destroyed the lyhol;; building. It was situated immediately under the wall ^ear Palace Gate, and now is only worthy of notice, as proclaiming the truth of our poet's splendid epitapl| fipon all terrestrial magnificence. ^■ _..■■*?.;■ <^ Like the baLelesg fabric of a vision, ■ the gorgeous palaces, — dissolve ; And like an unsubstantial pageant fadody Leart not a wrtck behind.'* «!■■ ■ •■ w \ WtllilTARY EDIFICES; ; I. THE CITADEL* , This stupendous fortress circumscribes the whole areai bn the highest part of Cape Diamond^ and is intended not only to accommodate the Garrison as a residence^ parade^ &c, but also to include all the materiel of war. It perfectly commands the city and river St. Lawrence ; and when completed will be not only the most powerful specimen of military architecture on the western Conti- nent, but also a rival of many of the renowned works in the Netherlands. All attempts to describe the Citadal in its present unfinished state Would be nugatory. An in- spection of the Map will illustrate its extent and course — it will circumscribe about forty acres of land, including its embankments. Visitors cannot be admitted without a ticket. ^ . • ««•* ii I 11. TftE MARTELLO TOWERS, These are four circular forts, which are situated at the northern extremity of the Plains of Abraham, about half a mile in advance of the exterior grand wall of the forti- fications. They are numbered from the river St. Law- fence to the General Hospital, and guard the approaches to the city on the south and west. They are nearly forty feet in height, with a base diameter almost equal ; and S7 the exterior wall is of ample strength to resist a cannon- ade. The platform on the top being armed with the largest guns, these Towers constitute a powerful addi- tional defence to the fortified barrier of the city. They arc situated in a line nearly direct, each about one-third of a mile distant from the other — and even if captured by an invading force, would prove a Tery insecure and probably an untenable post to the victors— as the walls on the side next to the city, are comparatively so weak, that the Towers could easily be demolished by the battery from the Garrisoi). ^1 '.■M M U fH III. THE BARRACKS. Of these military residences, there are three grand jdivisions in the city; the principal of which is on the west side of the Market-place in the Upper Town, for- merly the Jesuit's Monastery. It is a capacious quadran- gular edifice of seventy-five yards by sixty-seven, encircled by a wall which measures on the north the whole length of Fabrique street, and more than two hundred yards on St. Anne street. The area inclosed, and which is now appropriated for the parades and exercise of the troops, was formerly a garden and parterre, much admired for their horticultural beauty and elegance. , In St. Louis street is also an extensive range of build, ings, appropriated for quarters, the army ofiices, and the military hospital. , , , , ^ The Artillery Barracks adjoin Palace street, near the jgate. The superitructure is of stone, extending westerly, h2 ■ f.' ' ' ■r.:^ ■ ■ J ■( :S,- :l d^ (wo itorles high, and measures one hundred and Dinety- two yards in length, by forty feet deep. Besides the residences of the officers and men — this building combines the storehouses and ofEces connected with the Ordnance .Department — and also the armoury, which contains an immense number of muskets, swords, pistols, cutlasses, &c. The arms are kept in a state of admirable cleanii-* ness and polish, in (Constant repair, and are always ready to be issued, should any emergency requiie the equipment of the militia. iDhose visitors who are anxious to inspect this magazine of warlike implements, can be gratified, if they are accompanied by a resident citizen. I SI 1 IV. THE RAIL-WAY, OR INC1.INE13 #LA^E. This effort of mechanism of about five hundred feet iii length, always attracts attention. It was the only effi- cient mode by which the enormous masses of stone requi- site to complete the Citadel, could have been conveyed to the summit of the Cape, with facility and expedition. The steps amount to nearly six hundred, and are not only passed up and down by the workmen— but sometines are ascended and descended to determine the agility and strength of the contending claimants for superior speed. Amateurs of this muscular and perilous amusement af- firm,, however, that although the victory may be achieved against competition, and against time, the climber is not compensated by his vague honor for his subsequent fatigiw and lassitude. $9 V. THE MONUMENT. It is not a little surprising that nearly seventy years should have elapsed and no energetic attempt have been made to preseive in prominent memorials, the recollect- tion of the two military Chiefs who commanded the opposing armies in that battle which transferred Canada to the British Empire, and in the midst of which contest, both of them received their mortal stroke. At the corner of Palace and St. John streets, stands a wooden statue of Walfe, in his military costume ; and as persons testify from traditional statements, it retains much similitude to that general's countenance. Of Montcalm, the chief memorial is the house on the battery, the last building towards Palace gate, which was his residence, and still bears his name. To the Honor of those commanders a Monument is now erected, of which conspicuous ornament of the city, espe- cially as beheld from the water — the vignette is a graphic delineation. To the top of the basement, the Monument is thirteen feet in height — and thence to the bottom of ^he pillar is seven feet three inches^ The pillar mea- sures forty*two feet, eight inches, and the cap two feet one inch — thus from the ground to the apex, the altitude is sixty-five feet. At the base of the pillar, the sides are six feet by four feet eight inches, gradually tapering to the cap, where the sides are contracted to three feet two inches, by two feet five inches. (4) « ^m H :'■*< i I ^ :' .' ^i \ ill J 160 Tiic Monument displays the following inicriptlont :- MORTESf VIRTUS 60MMVNESI TAMkM HISTORIA MONUMENTUM P0STERITA8 D£DIT# •t'4)^ f V HAKC COLCJAfKAHf iV VlRORUni ILL17STRI17M MEMORIAMy WOLFE ET MONTCALM, P. C. GEORGIUS COMES DE DALHOUSIE: IH SEPTEMTRIONALIS. AMERICA FARTIBUS AD BRITANNOS FERTINENTIBVS 8UMMAM RER13M ADMINISTRANS ; OPUS PER MULTOS AKNOS PRJETERMISSUM^ QUID DUCI EGREOIO CONVENIENTIUS ? ▲UCTORITATE PROMO YENSy EXEMPLO STIMULiNS)^ MUNIFICIENTIA F0VEN8. • . A. S. MDCCCXXVIL / «SORGZO IV. BRITANIAKUM REQJBr viA i t ^ t4 iiXTERATURS. <> f. SOCIETY FOR PROMOTING LITERATURE^ SCIENCE, ARTS AND HISTORICAL RESEARCH IN CANADA. In the year 1824, under the auspices of the late Goyer- nor, an Institution was organized, entitled the Literary and Historical Society of Quebec, the Members of which were chiefly gentlemen of high official rank in the Pro- vince. ' ■ ; f ■■...- -v:/- ,-/ > : / ... r Anxious to produce a literary and scientific stimulus among persons professionally qualified to extend the influ- ence of works of genius and taste, in the year 1827, a number of gentlemen associated themselves under the designation of the Society for the Encouragement of Arts and Science^ in Canada. Beneficial results have already flowed from those Socie- ties« A considerable spirit of emulation has been eli- cited, and they now combine an efficient body of active members, harmoniously co-operating to disseminate the varied intelligence to which their efibrts are directed^ These two societies anticipating that their joint ener- gies would be more effieacioits than their separate exeiv' tions, were lately consolidated into one institution under the above title ; thus coalescing all that can give stability and impulse to their important pursuits. For ilam evolution of native geniusi the eiittensioD of knowledge • ■i m B*^j^'i ■ir Li^ I lOS fiind the interestt of pbilanthropy) this lociety will $u,9^ exercise a commanding influence in the Province. Their Museum is open for the reception of visitorsy in the buildijg, corner of Fort street, occupied for the public offices of the Government, and persons of taste and science will be gratified by an inspection of its varied contents. It already comprises about fifteen hundred mineralo-i gical and geological specimens from foreign countries— about two hundred of the same genera from Xiakes Huron and Superior — with a diversity of native samples. There are also a few subjects of Natural History, in ornithology and zoology — seventy different indigenous woods—twenty mathematical models — a bowl from Her« culancum — some entomological cpecies — a rich botanical variety- a select scientific library, including part of the original Journals of the Houso of Commons during the latter years of Charles I. supposed to have been brought from England to Connecticut by Goff or Whalley, who were two of the Judges on the trial of that King. The collection also comprises a number of i^onchological specimens, both provincial and exotic. The room is adorned with paintings, according to tho ensuing catalogue. r> . I §;:■ ?CAS3P *:nd. . '■•■■» / , In the lower corner. 1. St. Sebastian— F(fin«?j/&f,* % A Battle between ancient Cavalry. ii:a In thi rniddli cornparimtnt S. The School of Athens— /eoA^rrf. This painting represents in characteristic attitudes and fcniploymentsy the philosophers, artists^ amateurs aild patrons of the sciences enumerated in the following nomenclature. The anachronisms must be overlooked. The features are said to have been delineated from antique medallions. Commencing from the left, in tha elevation, are Alcibiades — Socra^.es— -Nicomachus, the Father of Aristotle— Franciscus 4ella Roveie — Terpan- der— Alexander the Great, Juvenis— Plato— Aristotle— and Cardinal Bembo^ Underneath, in the second row of portraits, arc — Aspasia — v\rith Empedocles immediately below — Pytha- goras— -Epictetus — Diogenes— Frederic Gonzagti — John Casa Antistes — Zoroaster crowned is displayed only by the back of his head, his face being turned towards Raphael Urbinus — and on the extreme right is Peter of Prussia. ^ *In the foreground are Epicharmus — Archytas — and Averroes the Arab. The figure beneath Frederic Goti- zaga, portrays Bramantes the architect, the biographer of Archimedes. • •. ^ ; . •; 4. A Landscape — Poussin, 5. The visit of the Virgin Mary to Elizabeth. Luke i. 29, 40 — Rubens. This picture contains a remarkable peculiarity. The portraits are family resemblances. Zechariah is the likeness of the artist himself — his wife represents Eliza- beth — his daughter is introduced as the Virgin — and th« attendants were his domestics. 6. A Landscapt-^Pouin'Ti. ' >" ■k ■i ' a) J W 'Ml ■I' ' i..\ ■« tlf 104 In ihc right cormr. \ 7. David with the head of Goliath. I Samuel^ iiU, Sl-^Puget. 9* A battle between ancient Cavalry. 4- i i> H , ... .■ §pVTli, SIDE OR FRONT, i Beginning at the left corner, ^ 9, A Magdalen — David, , JO. Pride — L'orgueil. , * 11. St. Bartholomew. 12. Despair — Xi'emportement. 18. Vocal Music by candle light — Chant de nuit« . 14. Decapitation of Longer — Allies, > 15. Avarice — L'avarice. 16. Drunkenness — Li*ivrognerie. 17. Peter denying the Saviour. Mar}c liy. 66 — 72— ]Renicinent de St Pierre — Italian. . .. - V • ^i^ IS. Idleness»La paresse. 19. Daniel in the den of Lions. Daniel vL » « WEST END. Qver the lejt door, 20. St Catharine de Sienne. At the door, 21. St Francis d'Auiie — Le Sueur. 106 In the middle, ♦• St. The Lord encircled by Angels— Poufiui* 28. St. Anthony administering the masa—C/iAmpag/if. 24. A Landscape'—Vieux Moulin. 25. Moses drawing water for the sheep^ kept by the seven daughters of Jethro. Eiodus ii. 16 — 21. — Delve, 26. A Landscape — on the left the monastery, where is imprisoned the father of the female in front — Le Frere Marin insult^ — Verne t 27. The Saviour pronouncing the Beatitudes. Matt T. S— 12— Xir Brun, rs. A Hermitage — Wilson, At the right door, 29. St. Cecilia — Le Dominiquin. * . • j\. , . • Over the right door, 30. Judith delivering the head of Holofemts to Utt servant. Judith xiii. 11* NORTH OR ENTRANCE Sll>E. On the left of the door* 21. The adoration of the Magi. Matthew ii. 1 — 12. 52. The presentation of the Virgin M^vy'-^Feti. 53. Roman Antiquities — Roberta « . v 54. Card-playing on the ground. . §5. An Italian Landscape — Vue d 'Italic; 86. The death of Procris. - -^ ^ - - ^ S7. The worship of the Shepherds. Luke ii. 15—18. m \ 1 •4 ^hm > ) V i nil i '■i\ t. tfj '^ lOiS S8. Tli« PurificAtiofi «f the Virgin Marjr. Luko 11^ siii m Is' AT THE ENTRANCE. Jti the left niche. a S9. Peter's passing shadow healing the sick. Acts ▼. 1^'^Juvenet, . In the right niche* 40. Peter raising Dorcas to life. Acts ix. 89 — 41— Juvenet, On the Hght of the door, 41» Jesus in the sepulchre — Matei dolorosa — Le BruTin 42. The Baptism of St. Augustine— JD^ Bologue, 4S. Elijah ascending in the Chariot of Fiic, with his falling mantle. Elisha is represented, as uttering <^ My Father, my Father," &c. H Kings ii. 11 — 14.— Plurtorst, , m'^ w .^tr** ^ : 44. A Portrait — Corregio. • 45. The Nativity— Coi/pc//tf. '' ' 46. An ancient head. 47. The Holy Family— from RaphmL 48. A Hermit — Le Solitaire en meditation— Dat'tJ, 49. The resurrection of Christ— Co;yjpc//^» fiO. Game. 5J. View of Venice — Italian. : ,;^ . 52. View of Veuijie— I^atowp ,' ^■■m^i^* (TMAlflElL WHf TMiE MiPIiT TEJU^IlTni:, Point Levi . 1 .';^ Tl > < i! I t m>i: '"^';. *-> '-'""'.' :rti^T. -X%:. ■i'"^... »»■'■■• t •% iM- ,v xxi. 1 Ot inceiii ta'ior XXV i. Thes A I Plat< whic atPj Tl cngr fame of tl tliei out i motl com Si incT t'm< coll Pro p.es * !A3„ 'W- ' fow yali t4:. 1^ V ■M m ^, / 1C7 ■^: 53. Hagar witlx Islimael ia tko wilderness. Gcnesu ^xj. 14—20. ' ' ^ Other paintings will also be introduced, and it is intended to add the Port Folio containing the represen- tation of Jesus and the A.postles at the Passover, Matt. xxvi. 19 — 29, as depicted by Leonardo de Vinci, — . These engravings contain the bust, large as the life. Amateurs may also inspect the massive volume of Plates, exhibiting the wjiole series of capital pieces, which formerly decoriitcd the renowned Orleans Gallery at Paris. There is also a rich diversity of other European engravings, among which is, The admirable Face by the famous artist Mellan, which was finished by one stroke of the graver, commencing at the terminating point of the nose, and revolving in continuous enlargement, with- out intermission, until the whole countenance, with the motto underneath, <*Formatur unicus una," was completely executed. ' ' . Strangers who visit Quebec either for recreation or an increase of knowledge — will be amply repaid for the t'me devoted to an exploration of the various subjects collected together in the Museum of the Society for Promoting Literature, Science, Arts and Historical Research in Canada. ^' f ♦. ^it ■i { M 1 w a !■■ i'''i II. chasseur's museum. << Ask now the beasts and they shall teach thee, and the fowls of the air and they shall tell thee." This is & xvaluable collection, consisting chiefly of indigenous spc^ i i " » i'i m m mmmmmttttt/mMM MtMl mm mttlu 103 Of timenf) and combines a rich rariety cf oruithological and zoological cubjects, which includes the dififerenl genera and species^ that have hitherto been discovered in these Provinces. Amateurs of the works of nature will be gratified by a survey of this establishment, as ^' the birds of the air and beasts of the field," all apparently disclose the beauty and freshness of actual vitality. III. EDUCATION. Ik addition to the Roman Catholic Seminary, there are in Quebec, the Royal Grammar School, and the Classical Academyi m which are taught the Latin and Greek languages. Of all the subjects usually comprehended ia an extended English education, there are excellent tutors. The National School — the Quebec Educatieu Society-— and the British and Canadian School are chiefly elementary — the two former arc more restricted — but the third is a Lancasterian School, admitting children upon the broadest principle of philanthropy. There are also four Sunday Schools in the city, which produce very beneficial results upon the minds of youth — nevertheless it must be admitted, that in reference to the state o^ Education for boys, and especially for girls, ^^thert remaineth yet very mucli land to be possessed.'' i. - IV. BOOKS. *f' ■ ' '. •■ . ■ ' dTHSRE are six Bock-storcs in the city, but their business It moie in stationary articks^ than printed yolumes. i09 Wh% Garriiou poiseis a library which ii confiued to the military. There is also a Circulating Library, which is composed chiefly of miscellaneous light reading. Tho Quebec Library, as it is denominated, contains several thousand volumes, and comprises a great variety of standard works, both English and French. Visitors may very profitably devote a morning to the survey of the books belonging to this society. V. TYPOGRAPHY. Within the city are three Printing OfBces, which arc employed chiefly fo;- the public business, hand-bills, and upon newspapers. Of these four at present are issued. The Quebec Gazette was commenced in the year 1764, and for some time v^as promulged only on Thursday, it. has however for many years been published twice weekly. The Mercury is also distributed twice per week. The new or Official Gazette appears only on the Thursday, The Star which was begun about eighteen months ago, emits its light on Wednesdays and Saturdays — hence a newspaper is issued every day in the week, except on Friday. The old Quebec Gazette has a large eircula- tion, and maintains an extensive influence throughout tha Frovinco. 'I 1 I Si i3 K! I s INSTITUTION^. \ The Medical and Agricultural Societies are of course restricted to their own professional objects. Similar to other institutions organized for the same purposes, they produce a very salutary influence on the health and pFos- perity of the district. The Hotel Dieu and the General Hospital have already been noticed. The Trinity House is a charitable incorporation for the advantage and security of the Pilots, and their relief in old age, as well as for the support of their widows and children. ^It is conducted npon similar principles, as the British establishments of the same name. i I. CHARITABLE. Beside the Masonic Lodges, there ate several Societief existing in Quebec, for the sole purpose of ailleviating distress and supplying tht indigent. As vast numbers of strangers debark in Quebec from Great Britain and Ireland, and often in great wretched- ness, an Emigrant Society exists expressly to assist them as they variously need. Ill ThevQ are also a BcncTolent and a Friendly Society instituted for the support of their members in sickness and debility. The Compassionate Society is especially dedicated to Femctles — and particylarly to poor women during their pregnancy and confinement. The Orphan Asylum is in successful operation. .But the most important of all these species of associa- tions, is the Quebec Institution to suppress Mendicity and find employment for the poor who are willing to labor. — It has been in existence but one winter, and has tended to diminish greatly that intolerable nuisance, street-beg- ging, with its invariable concomitants, indolence, corrup- tion, wretchedness and pilfering. The long accustomed practice of encouraging a horde of lazy mendicants could net be destroyed at once, but if the same system be pur- sued, and all persons would resolutely co-operate, this bribe for impudence and imposture would be no longer attainable, and the spirit of industry would be generally diffused. 'III II. RELIGIOUS. Of these institutions there are five, all of which are con- nected with the Parent Societies of London. The Diocesan Society for promoting Christian Know- ledge, which is under the patronage and superintendente of the Protestant Bishop of Quebec. x3 'I ^;;-' 112 . Thi Quebec Bible ^^ociety, and Ladies' Bible Societr. Tbese are Auxiliary to the British and Foreign Bible Society. The Quebec Religious Tract Society. The Methodist Miw^sionary Society. It is unnecessary to describe them, as they are all con- ducted upon the principles of similar bodies throughout the world. ♦ v * ><" •¥1 l?^ ^ -1 % ' . i^/ X • -« • .^5 * . f> f » rl0 commerce; A HE Quebec Exchange Reading-room wai instituted in 1817, by subscription, and is at present supported by all the principal Merchants of the city. This association now occupy the iront apartment immediately above tbo Quebec Bank in St. Peter street. A large number of Newspapei*s from Great Britain and the United States, and the principal Magazines, are constantly receired. Strangers are admitted, when introduced by a subscriber. This establishment will speedily be removed to a house which is erecting expressly for the accommodation of the Trade. The situation is peculiarly suitable* Standii^g upon the extremity of the north-east point of the Lower Town, it will command a complete view of the Bay; and -when finished will be an attractive object to observerg, and will very beneficially facilitate the commercial trans- actions of the Port. The edifice will be sixty-five feet in length, by thirty- four broad — and the ground floor will be appropriated for a Piazza. On the first story will be the Reading-room, fifty feet long and thirty feet wide, occupying with the lobby and stair-case the whole space. Above will be a room for the Committee of Trade — a deposit room and four other apartments, The Committee of itade to guard the interests of thd Merchants, and for the other usual amicable commercial j^rposes, was instituted in 1809 ; and like all other simi.' .1, A :| m :i¥ ar associations, their labors are higlily salutary to secure their priviIegeS| withstand imposition upon tradcy and to promote uniformity in all mercantile transactions. I. CUSTOM HOUSE. Tab Custom House stands between St. Peter strc^et and the river, and is chiefly distinguished for its extreme iinsuitableness for its object, its want of essential accom- modation, and the consequent inconvenience both to the Merchants and Officers for their necessary business. i,.i II. BANKS. The Bank of Quebec transacts its business in the lower itory of the house belonging to the Fire Assurance Com- pany in St. Peter street. The Branch of the Montreal Bank occupy a house in the same street. They are both joint stock companies. III. INSURANCE. Besii>j:s the Quebec Fire Assurance office, several agencies of companies in London and the United States, are appointed for assuring hazards by fire— besides an agency for insuring lives. There is also an active Fire Society in Quebec ; and gr^at encouragement is given to those who display most energy and alacrity in supplying water to extinguish the cltrawt * * ^ 1, '. ..ll; IV. POST OFFICB. 'Thb Poit Ofllcc is kept in a house immcdifttely at the head of the steps which lead from the gate to Mountaia •trect* V. MARKETS. In no public convenience is Quebec at present raor^ deficient than in its Market-places. The Lower Town Market, as it is called by a strange misnomer, is cot suffi- ciently capacious for the supply of provisions for a petty village — and during the navigable season, when the port is full of shipping, its insufficiency is tantamount to a par- tial embargo. A stranger, lately conducted therci thought Lis guide was hoaxing him, when he assured him that the little space he was traversing was a market. The Upper Town Market, although more extended, from the hay, fire- wood, and every other species of lum . ber, is literally so crammed in every interstice, that no person satisfactorily attends the Market. In addition to which, it is often dangerous to walk about amid restive, untractable horses, which unnecessarily fill up much of the space that should be otherwise occupied. It has the appearance of a horse-market or fair, as much as any thing— and it is truly astonishing that in so restricted a plat, a regulation is not enforced, to keep all horses out of the market, after the cart or sled is pitched. In an area so confined and incommodious as to exclude all ease and comfort, the banishment of the quadrupeds woul4m^ Oil artier I I'ible :— et 6. Je No. ir. m a une e pie- 3ar k's it."— jr pro- fa ere ; y, C'a- tuught !s Cha- uud no I, pro- luts.— theni- Cham- Chani- strait beo. — CHIEN D' or. *' On our way to the Lower Town, passing the pestle and mortar, which is projected over the street, giving notice to the public of the excellence of the medica- ments, whereof the said pestle and mortar are a symbol, our eyes were arrested, at a few steps, by the spectacle of the Chien d* Or, Thereby bangs a tale. Mr. Phillibert was a merchant of Quebec, during the the time that this country was under the French Govern- ment. Mr. Bigot, at the same time, was at the head of the Financial Department in Canada ; and he had so conducted the fiscal affairs of Canada, or rather of France in respect of Canada, that one of the Queens of that chivalrous ki^^dom asked her husband, whether the walls of Quebec were made of gold ? Mr. Phillibert and Mr. Bigot did not agree. The former had not the means or the power to have his com- plaints heard and redressed. He was therefore obliged, instead of preferring them in the shape of an indictment or an impeachment, to write them in the covert lan- guage, which is placed under the dog, as his motto. K 2 J- . V. . ,1 vl%^ r'.'-M 'V 122 Jf suit un Cliitn qi^i rong* I* tt^ En Ji rougeaut j« prend mou repoa — Un tenis viendra, qui n* est pas venu— ' Que J« mordrai qui m' aura mordu. Thii was too much for tyranny. Mr. Philiibert, when descending the Lower Town hill, received the iword of Mr. De R , an officer of the garrison, through his back ; and the murderer was permitted quietly to depart to the £ast Indies. The brother of Mr. Philiibert receiving intelligence of this mournful event, come from France to Canada to settle his brother's estate, and to avenge his blood. Having arranged the former — he pursued Mr. De R to Pondicherry, where they met in the street ; instantly drew their swords, fought upon the spot, and the assassin was slain.*' The Chien d* Or remains to inculcate a profitable itsion to all who ^re anxious to learn instruction. Ko. IIL 11:; ;■ ■ i ; About one hundred yards from the lower end of the Rail Way;— General Montgomery and his aids with other men were killed on the morning of December SI, 1775, when proceeding to the assault of Quebec. The place may be easily recognized — notwithstanding the altera- tions which have occurred. At that period, a narrow path only was made between the foot of the hill, and the river, so that vessels were fastened to the rock by large Iron bolts — one of which still remains, near the very spot, where the American General and his advan- ced party were discomfited. The wharves, houses, &c. all have been long since constructed. At the top of the small ascent on the street immediately below, the small battery had been erected, near the plat where the southerly forge is now stationed. Few circumstances more vividly teach us the casual- ties of war, and the minute circumstances upon which so many important results depend. That the success of the assault would have essentially altered the whole course of events connected with the History of Canada is self-evident — but few persons have reflected, that all this depended upon the simple fact whether Montgomery should be a few steps north or south of a certain place at I ity m4 fMi I 3 'J ' :t i 3' I i)''i m \ 12i a given moment. Tiio rock jutted 6ut so ai to form a species of barrier in the road — and it was necessary that the point should have been turned before any shot could liave been effected. Had the gun been loaded with a single ball only, it might have struck one or two of tht party who were just at the point and must have left all the others uninjured — but beiiiG^ filled with grape, the scattering discharge killed or wounded the whole groupe who had passed the corner of the rock, as the gun was stationed expressly to sweep that narrow approach on the top. The follo'.vIr.g additional circumstances connected with the death, burial and disinterment of the remains of General Montgomery, were furnished by Mr. James Thompson at the period when the request was made that the reliques might be removed to NewYoik, where they now repose near the marble monument erected in front of St. Paul's Church, on Broadway. Mr. Thompson is still living, ninety-six years of age, and, it Is believed, is the sole survivor of all the English and French troops who were engaged, either in the capture or defence of Quebec, during the campaign of 1759, ** I James Thompson of the city of Quebec, do testify and declare, that I served in the capacity of an Assistant Engineer, during the siege of this city, invested during the years 1775 and 1776 by the American forces under the command of the laie ?«lajor General Richard Mont- gomery, That in an attack made by the American Irocps under the immediate command of General Mont- gomery in the night of the Slst December, 1775, on a JBritith post at the southernniost extremity of the city^ 12; near Pret dc Villcj the General received a mortal wound, and with him were killed his two Aides-de- Camp, Mcpherson and Cheeseiiian, who were found on the morning cf the 1st January, 1776, almost coveied over with snow. That Mrs. Prentice vvhokept an Hotel at Quebec, and with whom General Montgomery had previously boarded, was brought to view the body after it was placed in the Guard lloom, and wliich she recog- nised by a particular mark which he had on the side of his head, to be the General's. That the body was then conveyed to a house immediately opposite to the Presi- dent's residence, who provided a genteel coffin for the General's body, which was lined inside with flannel, and outside of it with black clolh. That in the night of the 4th January, it was conveyed by me from Gobert's house, and was interred six feet in front of the gate, within a wall that surrounded a powder magazine near the ram- parts bounding on St. Lewis gate. That the funeral service was performed at the grave by the Reverend Mr, MontmoUin, then Chaplain of the garrison. That his two Aides de (amp, were buried in their clothes without any coffins, and that no person was buried within twenty- five yards of the General. That I am positive and can testify and declare, that the coffin of the late General Montgomery, taken up on the morning of the 16th of the present month of June 1818, is the identical coffin depo- sited by me on the day of his burial, and that the present coffin contains the remains of the late General. 1 do further testify and declare, that subsequent to the iinding of General Montgomery's body, I wore his sword, i)eing lighter than my own, and on going to the Semi- ' 'I 126 nary> where the American ofFiccrs were lodged, they lecogiiized the sword, which affected them so inucli that numbers of them wept, in consequence of which, I have never worn the sword since. <* Given under my hand at the city of Quebec, 19th June, 1818. " James Thompson.*' 1^ ' \. .' -i * » * . CJ^ ' No. IV. It was originally designed to have inserted a narrative of the Seige of Quebec— but the subject is so familiar, that it was finally resolved to substitute for it a biogra- phical notice of the two Generals. An interesting part is connected with the capture of the city. The execu- tion of very important duties in the Naval department was committed to the great circumnavigator Captain Took, who was in the year 1759 on the service in the river St. Lawrence. lie piloted the boat to the attack of Montmorenci— conducted the embarkation of the troops to the heights of Abraham — surveyed the channel, and fixed the buoys for the safety of the large ships while Ravigating the river. The military laurels, which the victor acquired by the termination of the battle, altogether disappears in the deeper moral dignity, which Wolfe developed in the fol- lowing impressive occurrence. On the night before the derisive battle, the General visited in a boat Romc of the posts where the troopi were " AUti»ncd ; during their progreM, h« rcptated with great Wi. I « ' , 4 ■ •V h '% \ .1 ll 1 t P'''^ ■; 1 lit'!' 123 sensibility, day's Elegy in a Country Churcli-vRid - and at the conclusion, remarked — *< I should prefer Icing the author of that poem, to the glory of beating the French to-morrow." A more powerful tribute to the superiority of religion and literary attainments over all terrestrial glory was never enounced. It is a moral characteristic of the General which will survive the annals of warfare. The ensuing sketch of Montcalm is extracted from Manuel's L'annee Franj oise. Cc sont Ics sacrifices faits a la societe qui donnent des droits au souvenir de la posterite ; elle ne peut point oublier ce GeueraK II est ne, il a vecu, et il est mort dans les camps. Son Education n'en fut pas moins soignee. 11 apprit la langue d'Homere avant de prendre la lance d'Achille. Son esprit se developpoit com me son courage ; et egalemcnt propre aui batailles et aux aca- demies, son desir ^toit d'unir aux lauriers de Mars les palmes de Minerve. Mais la guerre occupa presque toute sa vie ; avec des talens et de I'activite, on I'appel- loit par tout ou il fallo*t commander et se battre. Chaque grade fut marque par des blessures ; et en tres peu de tems, il merita d'etre a la tete des troupes dans I'Amerique septentrionale. C'est la que se sont mon- tr^es les qualites de ce Capitaine — c'est la qu'il a fait voir a quel degre il renuissoit la bravoure du soldat et la grandeur d'ame du heros« la prudence du conseil et la celerity de I'cxecution ; ce sang froid que rien n'altere, cette patience que rien ne rebute, et cette resolution courageuse qui ose repondre du succes dans des circon- stances ou la timide speculation auroit h peine cntrevu des ressources. C'est la qu'au milieu des sauvages dont "'-^-'" ""— ^-'— iti'mmUm 129 il etoitdcvcim le p dangers sans nombre, n'ont jamais rallenti son zele ; tun- tot present a des spectacles dout I'idec seule fait fieaiir la nature ; tantot expose a nianquer de tout, et souvent a moudr de faini. Keduit pendant onze mois a quatre onces de pain par jour, maugeant du cheval pour donner Pexeniple, il fut le nieaic dans tous les terns, satisfait de tout endurer, Un des Chefs Canadicns ^tonn6 que celui qui faisoit des prodiges fut d'une petite taille, s'ecria la premiere fois qu'il le ^it — ** Ah I que tu es petit .' mais je \ois dans tes yeux la hauteur du chene^ et la vivacite des aigles." Quoique blesse dans le combat, il nc descendit pas de cheval, qu'il n'eut fait lui-meme la retraite de I'armee. Sur la reponse que lui fit son chirurgien que ses blessures etoieut mortelles— it dit — ** pour moi je vais passer la nuit avec Dieu, et me preparer a la niort.** II mourut a cinq heurcs du matin ; et un trou qu'une bonibe avoit fait lui servit de tombcau, dans les jardius des Religieuseii Ursulines. :' i 1 *5 ■'Hi] 1* '■'. ■ >' , Th£ii£ wak a remarkable similarity in the prominent charucterijitics of Wolfs and Montcalm, exclusive of the \ f ISO I tciiioiity in age to which the latter had attained : fur lie was fifteen years older than Wolfe at the poriod of theii dissolution. They both entered the army in youth, and were both early distinguished for their intrepidity and aptitude to imbibe knowledge. At twenty years of ai^e, Wolfe re- ceived the highest eulogy for his courage, prowess and humanity. To him, the capture of Louislurg was prin- cipally attributed — and in natural genins, acquired know- ledge, professional skill, self-denying magnanimity, and ascendancy over their troops by a personal attachment, not to the commander, but the benevolent man, they were nearly equalized, In the termination of their career only did they essentially difler in situation — the repulse of the British troops would have added little honor or fame to Montcalm — but it was Wolfe's all. From his own letters to the the elder Pitt, his patron, it is evident, that he considered himself in the state of a desperate gamester upon his last chance — it was disgrace or death—- he chose the latter, in connection with the transfer of a Province to England, the effect of which has materially influenced the affairs of the world — and Wolfe and Montcalm continue a memorable example of the perishable nature of all earthly applause separate from the moral and intellectual qualities of man. Wolfe and Montcalm are little known, and scarcely thought of out of Quebec, except by the historical student — but that elegy in the Country Church-yard, which Wolfe may almost be supposed to have recited unconsciously in anticipation, as his Qwn funeral dirge, will be read, admired and repeated, where neither of those chiefs will niiiHlli'llrilf'r-ir ii-Tf-— -Mff'i mtimmmmti n\ iic^ 1» Barracks.- ,. ...~:)^.h^. .^i^ ^ J. Jail.-- ''■"^'W-_^-:/^^- ^ ■'; * ■ K. Artillery Barracks. I.. Public Warehouse. *■ ■■'■■■.- fl M. Quebec Exchange. K. Fire Assurance Office. 1 •" O. Intendant*8 Old Palace. P. Episcopal Church. 1 ! Q. Catholic Church. * 1 ^ R. Presbyterian Church. 1 l2 I i s. T. U. V. W X. Y. Z. a. b. c. d. 1. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 12. 14. 15. If). 17. 18. 124 Trinity Chapel. St. John's Chapel. -^ Congreganiste Church. St. Roch's Church. Methodist Chapel. Lower Town Church. National School. ' St Roch's School. Seminary. .» Ursuline Convent. Hotel Dieu Nunnery General Hospital. Diamond Harbour, i Carman's Wharf. Fraser'a Wharf. Gunboat Wharf. Symes' Wharf. Heath and Moir's Wharf. Cape Diamoi^^VVhari. Jones* Wharf Anderson's Wharf. Irvine's Wharf. Fin lay's W half. King's Wharf. Rrunet's Wharf. Queen's Wharf, M^Callum's Wharf. Hunt's Wharf. Coudic's M^harf. Bell's Wharf. Lampsou's Whar^ J «>o 20, Quirouet's Wharf. 21. Dumas' Wharf. 22. Morrison's Wharf. 23. Tremain's Wharf. 21. Hunter's Wharf. 25. Wilson's Wharf. 26. Vanfelson's Wharf. 27. Smith's Wharf. 28. Beaupre's Wharf. 29. CorbinV Wharf SO. Grant's Wharf. 31. Taylor's Ship Yard. S2. Pozer's Wharf. S3. M'Callum's Wharf. 34. Bell's Ship Yard. 35. Government Wharf. 36. Munn's Ship Yard. 37. Goudie' Ship Yard. n lZ INDEX. PAGE Bank* H^^ Barracks • ^7 Castle of St. Lewis.... 90 Chasseur's Museum 74 Chaudicre ^^ Church of the Congregation 77 Churches at Point Levi 79 Citadel 96 Civil Edifices 90 Commerce 112 Court House 9S Custom House 114 Ecclesiastical Edilices. 7S Education 108 Engravings H Episcopal Church 7S Exchange , US Excursions 71 Excursion to JPaul's Bay........ »•• 56 I :i^ Geuoral Hospital bS Hotel Dicu 84 Inclined Plane 93 Insurance 114 Inteudant*8 Palace 95 Itinerary S5 Itin^^rary 64 Jail 94 Lake St. Charles 52 JLaPraiiie 21 Literary and Historical Society 102 Literature 101 Lorette 50 Lower Town Church 77 Markets 115 Martello Towers 96 Methodist Chapd 76 Military Edifices 96 Montmorenci 43 Montreal.... 18 Monument t 99 Notes ^ 117 Panorama of Quebec 55 Parliament House 91 Pliilanthrophic Institutions 110 Point Levi 23 Post Office 115 Presbyterian Church 76 Primitive Methodist Chapel 79 Prospect from Cape Diamond 40 Protestant Burying Ground 7B 139 3*ac:e Public Offices...... 7S Public Warehouse 95 .115 . 96 . 76 96 . 43 . 18 . 99 Quebec... 11 Quebec desciibed , 81 Quebec Driving Club 14 Rivers >• 116 Seminary 79 Societies Charitable 110 ** Religious Ill Sorel 21 St. John's Chapel 76 St. Roch's Church 7S Tables of the Churches 20, 25 Three Rivers 27 Topography of the Rivers 18 Trinity Chapel 76 Typography 109 Ursuline Convent 81 Vignette ^1 Visitor's Directory » S5 ■--* 4.;