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A CHAPTER OF GENERAL INFORMATION, ■"■ .liti..u by guint! to the N.^w W.iil.l and striving to build up a liome aii.l a coini-etuucc for himself ami hi» family. Tl.ere is no longer any .luestiun m to bi» »?"''« "i-'^V,?,' ".","' it is certain that any man who is able an.l willing to work, and who has any ^M >^ ' "-|- or adaptability for agricultural pursuits, can, in the course of u ^^^^ J'^;",-*' ^" , •' :^ better and n.ure prosperous future in Cunidathan he can in the "y^''l'"l"l»f '•"'-■ ''^^" of Enghaid, Scotlanu or Wales. Thousands have tried the expenn.ent durin^ tl e 1, st ■luarterof a century and practically proved its su«C'=ss by securing comfortab urn > in a comparatively short time, and thousands are yearly following in *''"' / ^'^ci . encouraJed by their success, and fre-iuently I'^^V^^l ^y '•emittances froin those^ have done HO well as to be able not only to support the""^^. J? in ,«t wbfrher assist others wbo were left behind. The ciueation "V^''-'^?'^*'!"^^"';. '.r an 1 t Id to come to Cana,la or not; but when to come an. how best to get theie n th s chapter is intended as a guide to those who have determined to try their fo.ti e m the largest, most important and most Hourishing colony of the British Lmpi.e. 1 ii»t, Who should come to the Canadian North-West. It im.st alwavB be borne in mind that Canada is essentially an agricultural country AlthS we3« imnTenL foreats, proUHo fisheries and almost inexhaustible mineral we Uh tm ^r ■ ch scril, splendiS pasture-lands and magnifioent wheat-producing r iries are the very backbone of the country, and agriculture is yearly becoming more anr.noreftssLSdus^^^ therefore the '* tillers of the soil "are the class, who are most needed ere and whT Lre most certain of achieving success by steady industry. TheaSl ural /esourcesof Canada are practically limitless for 'n the vas prairjes of the North-West we have a region capable of producing the finest wheat in the world which ^ir excelds in extent all le whJat producing ''^^-^Z't^i^XTeZtl^Ct almost the whole of this bounteous heritage is as yet untouched by the plough . i haZw Idawaftsthehandof man to burst forth into BuiiUng crops of plenty, lo t^ Eei%hetcanada offers the greatest inducements; bu^^^^^^^^^ the labourer the mechanic and the artizan ; and the demand for these lattei will incitjse as the country gTwaTn prosperity, and' its manufactures become more thoroughly developed. How to Come. The iournev from England, Scotland, Ireland or the Continent through to Manitoba usually tXs\bout fifteen days. You can purchase " through tickets ' to points in RIanitoba by any of the ocean steamers runnine to America, and on landing « "» „, ti,» TTr,itB,l SfatBs vou can BO by all rail, or by part rail and part lake, to Manitoba. There arrseve^alrrutra&whk^^^^^^^^ can be obtained on application to liv steamship went. Next spring (1884) the Canaduin Pacific Railway will he in a po itlonTo taL'^^sengerrfroSi M^treal right through to the Canadian NorW.-w^ as far as the Rocky Mountains. Close connection will be made at Montieal witn an Hnefr^nnK Quebec. Halifax. New York, Boston, Philadelphia, and ot^^v """Port* in ?he United States. This will be the shn.— t -ost direct, and cheapest route to the North-west. 1 ( \ u *\ A NSW Kits TO QUESTIONS CONCERNTNO MANITOBA The Steerage. hai loit nearly all the hurrurs which it piitaiK'd twenty-tive or thirty yeari •(;<>, wliea tlio trip hod tii liu riiiulo liy miiling venHclH. The ]iii>i8engurB had to fiirniab and vook tlieir own pruviiiioiiH, anil v/vw. laulillid togetluT like iiht'cp in a )ien without tb« iligliteiituttuiiipt at cither (Ipci'ucy or oomrnrt. Now the varioui gtuamihipi bringing PaiiHeugvrH f(i Caiiuila have lar^e and convenient ■ttiirageii divided into compartmentN, by wbivh the nccuHNitry Hcparation of the eexcH in aevured. Thu ouinpiny fumiibei throe good nu'jilM a day consiHting of meat, vugetaliles, bread and Initter, coffee, &o., aiiil there arc a niiinlivr of atteiidantH to look after tlic comfortH of the Ntccrage paileng(Mt bexideM a doctor to attend to their ailuieutv, A Heparate uleepiug berth i^i pro>'!ded for •ticli puiwengur. 'l ■ 1" !K 1 '}< ' ^i 1 If* 1* 11 ,. . ,; The Time to i^girati^p Generally ■pe9lcing, the best time to emigrnto is in the Tei;; «nr)7 spring for all clasiiea of asrieuUiirists. The agrioaltural labourer will then find his services in demand in the busy period that alwaya comes during seed-time in Oanada : and the tgriculturist who intends to take up land for himself will arrive at the beginning of 1AN1T0BA lirty yeari ago, wlioa 1 to furniBh and cook ill i>en witbout the ■ gtuiimihipi lirintjing d into compartmi'ntH, hu ooinp»ny (tmiBbw 1(1 butter, coffee, &o., be Htccrime p»B«eiig-'.B-" *"/'"r'^';,|,';' ^/k l,T .Iu"-!'?o^ "' "f ."''VP^^'f^-i^i'^thTo ' h some of the Western State-. An S:^tZlStrm^i^<^'S!pt.Le, in spite of all representations or miarepresentations, in going to see for himself. During the Passage. » ♦!,« cmitrrant ffets on board the steamship he should make himself ^^ "Tl with ?he?ules he is expected to obey whilst at sea. These are generally acquainted with the f"'" j^* "^^''>'*' „. g",ould do his best to carry them out ; to be printed and hung up m *>>« ^te^Tff- "« h" wiU thus add not only to his own health "Ca7ain. X'i^lTLa srekThT; iuste done. a. w.H ^or hi. own interest a. ^I'^t^alte^tJL^sC'"™?^^^^^^^^ for any neglect or bad conduct on the part of the BtrwMdS or any officers of the crew. All steam.bip. carrying emigrants have- J&oto« o"wd. an^ in caae of .iekn«», any .mi|ra«t. will receive medical care, and Uootorii "» °"»™' . cAiVrforts as maV be eonsid««d necessary by the doctor. •"^riaVge ^^teiTmal^SI^. .^^^^ *o lo6k aftei^the fe»ale pNCEIIN1N(J MANITOBA Money. Ill bringing out iiionoy from tlin Unitoil Kiiigilcnn, it {h bettor to got a hill of oxchniige or II bniilt letter of ureilit for iiiiy liirgu hiiiii, iih tlieii tlieru {» no ilitrigci' of itH liuing Iu»t. Any HiiiiiUur huihh iuu liutter hroiiglit in Hovereigim or liiilf-HoviMeiKiiit, hh fur lUi |M)BHililt', iiitlior tliiiii ill Hilvur or bikiik'i'illM. Kveii lliiiik of KnglimU liilU iiru luliject to the iiite of uxrIiiiiiKi'i wliiuli inity v>i>°y, uml not iitwiiyf* in favour of tliu ei'iigrant. Itut gold HovereignH ami lialf'Huviiiei»(iis liave alwaya tlieir ubHolutu imr valin , wliicU U lixeil bylaw. On nilver ooiim Hliillingii, tloiiiiH, lialf-oruwuM, etc. tliu emigrant will loHC. ^till what Hilver tliu euiigruat briiigH bail better bu in Hhilliugii, Luggage, &c. The iitlention of emigrants cannot be too particularly directed to everything about their luu';;age. In the tii-Mt i>lacu, it is very desirable tli^it tliey should not encumber themsclvos with unnecessary articles, us these, besides causing them a great deal of trouble, may in the end cost a great deal more tliaii tliey are worth. The emigrant should take with him as good a supply of clothing as he can, 'Woollen clothiiit; anil other kinds of wearing appaiel, blankets, house liueu, Ac., are generally theai'er in Kngland than in Canada. Generally, all bedding should be taken, and the eo\fei'.i and ticks of the beds, but nut the materials with which they are stutfeU, as these would be too bulky, and cau readily be obtained on arrival. ••.V MANJTdBA to got IV WU of exchange ilaiigfi- i.f itH lioing lout. f-BoviMuiKiia, »» fur lUi igliuid billn iiru Bubjeot iivour of tliu oi'iigmnt. uto \niv viilii" , wliich U otc. tlio tmigriint will lliiigt. >::* ill K.:#: iiilki (cted to everything about iliey should not encumber iiig them a great deal of worth. thing as he can. Voolleu e linen, Ac, are generally should be taken, and the *hich they are stuffed, as ivid. AND THE CANADIAN NOKTH-WKST. » Many of the little h..«»«hol,l nccesHiiriM which the eniigrant poH.esseii he might do well to lirin«, iiiid they may prove very uneful ; but itill it u uilvmiihle to conM.ler well thi' wciglit iiiid bulk, lUid how fur it ia woitli while. Artiel.H of houHehold furnituri-, crockory, «t..vo«, or heavy nrticl.^ of hardwnre, .houhi l.e left li.'hin.l or sold, except in »oni.) cirouni«tiuiceii for special reuKoiis wli oil the cuiigraut will couMi.ler. It imnt be borne in niiiiil that sucli articles are v.Ty lii.lile to breakage, especially on long railway journeys to the NV est. AKilc«Uural labourers should not bring any of their tools with them, a^ tliose can easily lu. g.^t in t'ana.ln, of the best kinds, and suited to the needs ..f tbr '^'l^^^i^.' (Ir.uVrally spraKiug, the farming tools used in England would not be suitable »"■/""«''"• Meclmnics and artisans will do well to bring their special tools, but ordinary tools can be readily and choaidy obtained on arrivaL General Description of tiie Conntry. "This beautiful land of vast proportions invites the husbandman to its virgin ooil, andlertainW tl e d y H I'o? far distant when a thriving population of miU.onH w.l Z thVie tlV neans of prosperity and plenty, liroad rivers cut through great coal «d Is mar their Hources, lincling for many hundred n.ilcs through woodland and valley am sr Hsv nn. ries of unsurpassed fertility, a region une.iuallcd on this continent. Wit IS nay i be affirn.e.l that these dominions oHer to th, aKricultur.st n.cLu elcHH tiehls for pasture and tillage ; to the merchunt vast n.arts for the prohtable t affirirevirt oductof theeaith; tothe manufacturer nn incalculabU extension of t r^iome ma7ket for the disposal of his wares ; to the capitalist an almost internnnal.le iiie nome loaiii " , , ;' eg*„,c„t of his funds, and to the imiuiinoin ami miMMy't extent for *>'« 1""^*" '^„ f.? Bran 1 country where every species of mental ingenuity ,„,,..,,„/an inmieuHe a.eaof a g^^^^^^^^^ J 1 ^.^j^ advantage to tl,o ?"?• "'rrL 1 'the whole family o man There is an inexhaustible profusion of cereals and^ot erons plenHful "uSic» of timber; large aieas of coal and bitumen, iron, Sp^rfgoW ami other nnnJnU wild fruits of n.any varieties; incalculable nch-s from the lap of abundance. Prairie vs. Forest. . 1 J. _« „f «„r ofoHtprn nrnirie country as a field for settlement lies The very great advantage of °^;3**'™J^7;^S,%he ff.U advantage of which would in thecomb.nation It offers of ^^en an > .^ _^ ^^^^^^ ^^^_^^_,y ^ ^^^,^^^ be lest appreciated ^y *|^°»^*'i';^t^''; of the supply of wood for fuel, fencing, &c., deal has been snul of the advantage oi ^"J' M j;'j 4, overestimated. As to atfovded bjr wooded '"""f^^;-,^ ^^^^^^^^^ fences are fencii.g, wire has come »°}^mi Ihickv wooded districts, especially along the line of being replaced by 7';«|,7«X /reducL the ^^^^^^^ wooded as railways; and what still further re luces tneim » settlement of the latter, compnred with praine country, » * '« /"f tt'ost important consideration, there are her.1 b.ws »« »l!^»y!.™f°7'',^- ioi^ besiaes a fafr proportion of wood, immense beds * Tgi^itrif stp^of fu^^^^^^^^ P^-'''*"" ^"^"""--^ ^^ -^ '" '^"" position than would at first glance be supposed. Th, settler in a wood^ <^T'ZT^^^:^^^''^'^ t'^e^k^Jh JS ^[rgt ^ t'tl ^'il s^oTs'ow.^ cX an Ahe' second yeir is making his farm pay, At the end tfce first season, sows a crop, anuiuB f p^^ ^ith moderate industry, and «f fire y«ars, with «»<^«^»*\''„Xld\ave°rrr/, Ja« /^^^^ a.ns under cultivation. wi*out«.nou. hardship, he =«^W ^»;?^';'",; 'V '.i.^i^f there is another advantage Baaide. this relief from heavy toii^anawme operates greatly in hU favour- whick liea at the door "f *^„^, P'*/'^*/-'™^.' C summer and winter food for his cattle *'r*,hlThe"t su^uXd °^he ntrsettLr can have, from the first day of his with which he » '^"^Xh Arses &c as it may suit his means to purchase, for his •**^*"*Sm.^1^.«tSrSui abundance beire him, and in some localities in the !?oXw':St oa^U cli" Ad^h'^cW part of their winter food for themselves. ,^-< ANHWKKS TO QIESTIONM C()NC'KUNIN(i MANITOUA WHtltiK of what he ni»w in Miiiiitobn, Hon. Mr. Hi ymotir «i>y» : - " I miw tliounftniU nnil tliouminiN of ncrcx of wliciit, climriiig If) tiimlicla to tho iiore, wpi|{)iin){'l'< iiikI *'>'*> poniKN to tli'< ImkIk^I, nnil wan uMHiinMl hy iiliiloulitoil aiitliority that on IVncti ItiviT, 1,'J(H) tiijli'i iiiiilli vfvnt of wIutc I wiii, wlioiit (•miM lie iirodiiccd ill iniin<'niii> <|iiiiiititiuH i'>|iiii| to tli<' hunt 1 nuw in WiiiniiicK, wliilo i^iciit Iu'iiImuI cuttlo wui'M keinu f»il without cunt on an liuu gnway himl an tlif wmlil uirunlH," . V \ i I ,* IP A ■n s o _3 3 A P T T3 O 7^ r P General Features. We are strongly of opinion that altogether too muoh ii ipoken and written about the labour and hardships of tlie eniigntnt or settler when he comes tirst to this country. No iloubt he must work. Ho neeil not expect to find a Garden of Eilen ready made t» Lis hands. Here, as in every other pait of the world, labour is the condition of life and of luccess. But we emphatically deny tliat the labour is arduous, or the privations to be endured excessive. In fact, com])Hrcd with what hundre till in til iiiti'li liii ti'iit, III' iiiiilil ii Mliiinty until lin Imh tiiiiu en and written about the nea tint tu this country, n of Ktlen ready made t» I the condition of life and uou«, or the privations to hIb of thousands of our >oininion, they are mere Trees, many of them two I be out down and burned. a stumps, and then the 9 had to biB removed, and ast point mentioned, and enoonntared in Manitoba •ml till' North went. nri'iniiitlDii, All III' ban ti> ilii In tii jiiti'li hit ti'iit, nr Imilil ii Mlimity < anil iiK'iinii tii eri'it u ninrn milintiintiiil liiiiMInK to i>limuli tlit< himI iivn, tliiMi iiipliiiiKh it, >iiw liis svi'il, liiii'iiiw it, and Wiiit fm llm L'rii|i. If lii' in a |iiHir mun, lir of ooiintu niiii't nut vxpiM't to full' miniiitiioiixly ivi'iy iliiy. Hut tlu' nrCL'aii.iri'li', iiinl any mull or fuiuily tliut Iiiih to livr fur u yi - ,ir no on pork, bread, liraiui, (lotutucH and tia, wluii llicy liuvn tliti land lii'iii"itli tlitini, a ruin proof roof uvur thoir lii'inU and tlio intHiirnl pronpnot lirfuri' tlii'iii, uiid tliut iit no iliNtant dati', of ronifoitiiliUi inili'|ii'nilriici<, pi rliii|iH allliu'iiri', ii not to l»> pitinl. (iaiiiH U pli'iitifiil, and iliiiiiiK' lIu' priipvr suasuu* the piulii'i'i 'm bill of furn may witli llttio rtlort III' mailt' I'vcii liiMiiiiMiH, uii'ut KPni'i.ilJty of cuhi'h. Im niondy iiiiaxiiiary. It in astiiiiiiihinK how i|Uickly i; .uul friiiully aHioiiatiorm ari) foriuid in thin iiiuntry, A ri'uipriiflity of kiiidiicHt aim aKniitiinii' alrnoHt unlvur«ally pirvailN, And in a ''I'W Aielu tliii kuttlur limy inaki' jih friiindly and valiiabli' rplatioim an any lie poaiwMi'il in liin iiatlvu land, .So miit'li is tliin thi' tiiNu tliut in a fi'W yi unlit! hitH no ik'siiu tu return to his old hoiiii', I'xcopt for u teiiipurury vUit. Practical Advice. A Hcttlci in Manitoba may coinnieiicr on coinparativi'ly Hinallcipital ; tlint* >, enough to l''iild one of the iiiexpensivu hoiixi'M of tlio coniitry, to buy a yukr of .i'(en und a phiii^h, his seed giuin, and Hufliriunt proviHions to eiiublo liiin to Iivn foi one yeur, oi until his Kr^t crop comes in, \\'itli a little iiulurunci! at lirnt, from this point he may attuiii to a poNition of plenty and inilepiiiiUinue. On the otlier liuiiil, a settler iiiuy take with him to Munitol'a or the Noi tli went Teiritories coniiilenible cupitui, ami invent it ill lurvo fariiiin|{ oiurationn, eitlier in wheat Krouing or stock laiMiiig, both of whieli he will prolia 'Iv (ind very prolitalile. The settler from older countries should h<' careful to adapt liiiiMi'lf to tiione methods wliicli expurivnco of the country has firo'.-ed to bo wise, rather timii try to employ in a new country those priicticos to which le has been accustomed ut home, I''or inntunct', with reM|ioct to plougliiiig, or, as it is called, "breaking" the praiiie, the inetliod in Manitoba is ipiite different from that in thu old country. The prairie is covered with a rank venetublo Kiowth, ami the ipiestioii is how to subdue thi'<, and so iiinke the land aviiilablu for farming purposes, K.\|ierieiico has proved that the best way is to plough not deeper than two inches, and turn over a furrow from twelve to sixteen inches wide. It is i>»i)ecially desii able for the farm"r who enters early in the Mpriii); to put in a crop of oats on the tirst breaking, It is found by experience that the sod |iulveri-;(e8 and decomposes under the inllueiice of aKrowiiig crop i|uito as effectually, if not more so, than when simply turned and left by it'^t If for that Iiui'poge, There are also fewer weeds, which is of very great imiiortanoe, as it frei|uently luppens that the weeds which grow soon after breaking are as dillioult to siilidiie as the ■oil itself. Large crops of oats are obtained from sowing on the tirst breaking, and thus not only is the cost defrayed, but there is a protit. It is also of great imini tanco to a settler with limited means to get this crop the lirst year, Oneinodeotli is kind of planting is to scatter the onts on the grass, and then ttun a thin sod over tie in. The grain thus buried quickly finds its way through, anil in a few weeks the sod is perfectly rotten. Mr. Daley, near Bigstone City, in the vicinity of IJigstone Lake, sowed ten acres of oats in this way. He put two bushels and a peck to an acre. In the full he harvested 420 bushels of oats, which hefound to be worth eiiouijh to pay for the breaking, and give him ^Z-l besides. This is a piactioal reported experience. There is also testimony from other farmers to sii lilar elfeot. ^iAmXmiii I ii 11 I' li'': . -■ '^?C^ '> i''_ ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS CONCKRNINO 1^ j^i>T X T o :b J^ AND ^ ir ^ It The Canadian North-west. Canadian Pacific Railway along the mam !"'« ^^^^ ^'^^^^^"^^'^f j^^'„'° S! B^^^^ WivviPEo Office G. Newcomhe, Acting Agent. ™oNV°LLE OFFICE .. Henuv Lanijeukek, Actn^ Agent. rfAnsTONE Office Jo«ei'H Gkaham, Acting Agent. HnvvAH OFFICE A. B. FiSHEli, Acting Agent. Ebtle Office ■:::::::: a. J. belch, Acting Agent. RRAxnnK Office Oe"- Newcombe, Acting Agent. S"e°CnTainOffice::::..; G. F. N^^vcombe, Acti.>g Agent. Prince Albert Office George Duck, Acting Agent. Where are the Offices of the Company to be Found ?- Tiie head Offices are in Montreal : ^^ ^ ^,^^ Uoni^F., General Manager. 0. DbinkwatkB, Secretary. The Office of the Land Department in Winnipeg : J. H. McTavish, Land Commissioner. The London Oppicb of the Company is at 101, Cannon Street : Alexander Begs, Agent. How Can a Person Choose a Location to Settle On ?-The Canadian North^esuflatdoff in townsMps six mUes square, containing thirty-six sections of MOatrs each which are again sub-divided into quarter sections of IfaO acres. A road allow^ce havinTa wHth of one chain is provided for on each section Une running north and sou?h, «ml on every alternate section line i-unning east and west. The foUowinK diagram bIh.wr h. townsliiii with tlie sections numbered :— •m-ib ft#ft'vi-«ii« AND THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. N IONS th-west. toba ? -On arriving there auian Pacitic Railway, ami ands. This will enable the rni. The land grant of the aded into agencies as tar as den, Moosomin, Broadview, land office, with an agent See for the use of intending land thev wish to examine, no difficulty and experience ilves. In the case of taking vernment, the business will lion Land Offices : - Acting Agent, :KEK, Acting Agent. M, Acting Agent. \.cting Agent. cting Agent. E, Acting Agent. JE, Acting Agent. Acting Agent. und?- The Head Offices tNE, General Manager. t, Secretary. 4, Land Commissioner. Street : se, Agent. settle On?— The Canadian taining thirty-six sections of sections of IGO acres. A road on each section line running •unning east and west. Tho (ibered :-- W 31 32 1 33 34 j 35 36 30 29 28 27 26 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 E ] 18 17 16 1 •S ! 14 t3 7 8 9 10 : u 12 6 S 1 4 1 ) i 32 I .s The sections are apportioned as follows :— Open for Homestead and rRE-EMPTiONS.— Nos. 2, 4, 6, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36. Belonging to the Canadian Pacific Railway. -Nos. 3, 3, 7, 15, 17, 19, 23, 27, 31, 35. Sold to the Canada North-west Land Company by the Canadian Facipic Railway. -Nos. 1, 9, 13, 21, 25, 33. Hudson Bay Company's Lands.— Nos. 8, 26. , . School Sections. -Nos. 11, 29 (reserved by Government solely for school purposes) What are the Canadian Pacific Railway Co.'s Regulations for the So^e of Land P — The completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway to the neighbour- hood of the South Saskatchewan Kiver, about 600 miles westward from Winnii)eg, and thd rapid progress made in the Government Surveys, during the past season, eniible the Company to offer for sale some of the finest agricultural lands in Manitoba and the North-west. The lands within the Railway belt, extending 24 miles from each side of the main line, will be disposed of at prices ranging from 2.50 dols. (10s. sterling) pek acre upwards, ivith conditions rci/iiiring cultivation. Prices of lands without conditions of cultivation can be obtained from the Land Commissioner. When cultivation or settlfl- ment forms part of the consideration, a rebate will be allowed, as hereinafter described. These rei;Hlalions are substituted for and cancel those hitherto in force. TERMS OF payment. If paid for in full at time of purchase, a Deed of Conveyance of the lano will be given ; but the purchaser may pay one-sixth in cash, and the balance in five annual instalments, with interest at six per cent, per annum, payable in advance. Payments may be made in Land Grant Bonds, which will be accepted at ten per cent, premium on their par value and accrued interest. These Bonds can be obtained on application ..6 the Bank of Montreal, Montreal ; or any of its agencies. REBATE. A rebate of fioin 1 25 dols. to 3.50 dols. (.58. to 14b. sterling) per acre, according to the price paid for the land, will be allowed on the following conditions : I. The purchaser will nnt be entitled to rebate unless nt time of purchase he enters into an undertaking to cultivate the land. , i 7 10 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS CONCERNING MANITOBA 2. One half of the land oont.-.cted for to be brought nndor cultivation within four years from date of contract. X In cvHos whore purchu»crB do not reside on the land, «' 1«^«* °"«„^Jf';^!.;;,''. ^^t? whole ..uantity purchased sha 1 be cultivated dun..« »•'' '=^ ° J ^7"/^^^^^^ ^;^-?::Sonri!irxt;\Kr;:i:^:^of'XS^^^ any time witliin the period named. Where a purchaser fails to carry out fully the conditions as t-. cultivati^«n within '' ' he t n'e munod, ho will be required to pay the full l''- "f^ l-J-^-,^ ^th'^t contracted for. l?ut if from causes beyond his control, proved to the «'>t>^ "« ? m of the Company, a settler so fails, he nuiy be allowe.ltho rebate on the 1 ml ac n"l y ouUivTt'ed dming the four years on payment of the balance due, includ- ing the full purchase price of the remainder of the land contracted for. GKNERAI, CONDITIONS. All sales are subject to the following general conditions : 1. All improvements placcl upon land purchased to be maintained thereon until final payment has been made. 2. All taxes an,i assessments lawfully imposed upon the land or improvements to be paid by the purchaser, •i TbP (^omi.inv reserves from sale, under these regulations, all mineral and coal lanos, Ks'S. water power thereon, and tract, for town sites and railway puri.oses. 4 Mineral coal and timber lands an-l quarries, and lands controlling water-power, will heXposed of on very moderate' terms to persons giving satisfactory evidence of their intention and ability to utilize the same. s ThP r,.mi)inv reserves the right to take without remuneration (except for the value of Sun^s and imVrovements on the required portion of and) a strip or strips o la 20oT>t wTe!to be used for right of way, or other '-'VTirnf^'^r^': wherever the line of the Canadian Pacific Railway, or any branch thereof, is or shall be located. «. Liberal rates for settlers and their effects will be granted by the Company over its Kail way. How Can Government Lands be Obtained ?-The Dominion Government «ve tree Ss of 160 acres of lan.l, and also atford settlers the right to pre-empt an Additional IGO acres. K uU information on this point can be obtained on appbcation to the Canadian Government Agencies in Great Britain. Are the Canadian Land Regulations More Liberal than those of the United States ''—Yes. The fee for taking up a homestead or pre-emption is only 10 dols whereas it is 20 dols., and in some cases U dols. in the United States ; and the taking 'of a homestead does not prevent you from pre-empting or p-irchasmg other government lands. There is no cast-iron oath of allegiance to be taken, as the foUowing required by the United States : ~ District coort. JudicialDiatrict, State of County o rto'awear that I will support the Constitntlon of the United States ' of ■ America';' and tiat I 'do absolutely and entirely Renounce and Abinre forever aU AUeglance ami idelity to every Foreign Power. Prince. Potentate. State or SovereiRuty whatever and particularly to t'««« "■■^'"ria, of Great Britain ana /''''"«'/• "h"S« subject I wa« And further, that 1 Sever'^have b>rne any hereditary title or been of any of 'h« /f the ach of thu four yisirs ; hut (f iin actual settler residing of doing ilia cultivation at ins as t) cultivation within ircliase jirice on all the and rol, ]prove(l to the satisfao )we(l the rebate on the land of the balance due, includ- lul contracted for. aintained thereon until final land or improvements to be tions, all mineral and coal e, slate and luarblo (|uarrie9, . sites and railway purposes. ,ds controlling water-power, i giving satisfactory evidence eration (except for the value on of land) a strip or strips or other railway purposes, or any branch thereof, is or ;ed by the Company over its The Dominion Government ers the right to pre-empt an be obtained on application to beral than those of the jstead or pre-emption is only n the United States ; and the Bmpting or p'lrchasing other the following required by the rt tJie Constitntion of the United enounce and Abjnre forever all e, State or Sovereignty whatever, am/, whose subject I was. And )f any of the desices of NobiKty resided within the United States Clerk dud unlesB he is prepared to AND THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. 11 I Obtain the Company's Land Regulations and Other Information About the Country? By addressing any one of the f., ,wing Where Can nformati gentlemen: — C. DmSKWATKll, Secretary of the Company, Montreal. J. H. McTavish. Land ('ipiniiii«"*)>;';" youiself; some rcnutie more than others, but I should say that a man with ilOO to t'1.50 would be able to do well. 1 liave known many to succeed on less. Can we Purchase Improved Farms ?- improved farms with houses, out buildings, and a certain nuantity of lan.l under cultivation, are als.- tre.|uently in the market: and can be pureh».sed at advanced prices from parties wishing to move west^ ward in order to take up new land, ami secure a proHt on the old farm. Ihc most satisfactory plan, however, for a settler U to take up new land and secure tlie protit tor himself. Is Living Exnensive •• - Old country people say cheaper than in Great liritain. It is much Reaper than in the '^rited States, and about the same as in the oldei portions of Canada. Can a Settler Purchase Everything he. requires in Manitoba ?- Ye« everything can be purcliased there at rua.sonahlc prices, not only m A\ luiMpeg, but at all tlie othei centres of trade along the hue of railway and throng .oi.t the country. Agricultural implements, clothing, dry goods, and groceries can be bought as cbeai- in Manitoba as anywhere else in America. How are the Laws i"— There are no burdensome taxes, no forced enrolment as soldiers ; every man is free, and require.l only to respect the laws that are framed for the protection of life and property. The institutions ot the country are ol a thoroughly popular character. How about the Soil ?-There is a generally accepted theory that the great ferHlity of tho land hi the North-west is due genera ly to three causes _lir8ttlie droppings of birds an,l animals on the plains ; second the "x '^'S lef .y the annua pra rie hres ; an.! third, the constant accumulation of decayed vegetable matter ; and when the fact is considered that great her.ls of buffalo and other game have loamed for ?ne at ons ov r tr; a es tlmt wild fowl this day are found in vast numbers every- whereVrd tliat praiHe fires have raged every year for many generations in the North- west, there is doubtless sound reason for this theory. Whatever may have been the cause of the extreme richness of the land, however, there is one feature which is of great importance, and that is the depth ol goo.l soil m the prairie country. It has been fierpiently stated that the depth of black loan, m the Nor h-west will range from one to four feet, 'inJ/"/'^!"%«""'%'f ''';;i'r'l'' f <=" '''^^^l''^'' • but the statement has been received with a good deal of doubt. The testimony of frrniers living in over one hundred and fifty different localities ,n Manitoba demon- strated that the average depth of tlie loam in that province was over three feet. ANALYTICAL LAHORATOUV. SUltGKONS' HaLL, Kdinuukou. ANALYSIS OP 8AMPLK OF MANITOBA SOIL. Oreankmatter eontaiidug nitroKei'i equsi} to ammonia, 23 deg. Miosphates Carlioiiate of lime .. .. Carbonate nf nmgnesia Alkaline salts Oxide o( iron Sand and silica Araiulna ... 21.364 11.223 . 0.472 1 TM 0.(«7 , 1.2;.S 3.116 617-1 . ».1S2 100,000 The above soil Is very rich in organic matter, and contains the full amount of the saline lertilirinB mattei^s found iu all soils of a good '^«*"';k i'^^l^.^ypHENS. .N MACADAM, M.D., Lecturer on Cheivutry. ■ro glESTlONS CONCERNING MANITOBA lii ANSWKHS Tho 1,„.„. proportion of ,ilicn ir, U,e al.ove anMyj ^;^l^^'^^^;^^ ';^^C^ the clay ix m (li'oi> ii» ninety feet. Are the Climate and Seasons favour^^^^^^ importunco to tlie om,«r:vnt is t bo ''«^ ' '' [, ^^J , j f^,„i,/ What to him are sc..n,.of his future kbourn and tl'" •^'"^^ ^ "uri u t gr owtl/of fertilo BoiU un.lur ciSif^s; ii:!:?r,",ar s"ir;vs Ti£L .... .»»..., .,* h,. ilwi'Uing? Tho dryness of the air, the character of the soil, which retains no ^^^n-^.P-'^ *° Rend forth poisonoim exhalations, and the "I"'""* *"''', '^"""^[i "o„;"treJ„""ke ^ brilliancy of its sunli.l.t, the pleaning ^''P^^"'" '' , ^7"'"^i ' hf o e . oyouK, Canadian Northwest - f ""'ij;',,:' .f^^" iJ '^s' r i ^^^ "f "ur North* t:::!'f^'ir':;rZ^h&ie'''r'ih:'^^;id may be broadly an.- confidently made. sust lined as it is by the oxperience of its inliabitants. Ai-id, iind linisbes in tho beginning of May. SI'MMKR -Tune .Inlv August, and part of September. AVoather bright and clear, with frc^iont ^hoTo'rs- ?e'ry w^rm'at tiries during the day-night cool an.l refreshing. Harvesting oomnitnces in August and ends in beptcmber. Ar'ITMN. Part of Soptcnd.er and October, and part of November. I'-'rhaps the ippearance, but is not disagreeable. WIXTER.-Tart of November, December, January, February, and March. In th.- early l.art of Novond.er the Indian summer generally commences, ami then foil w' the loviliest portion of the season, which usually lasts about a fortnight. The wea h.r s warm, the atmosphere ha.y and calm, and every "''^'^t appears to «e a ^an.i and drowsy aspect.' Then comes winter, gO"«'any /'HlKned in by a of t tleecj fall of snow, succeeded by days of extreme clearness with a clear, blue .^ky. in ig rat ng atmospliere. In December the winter regularly sets in, and, ""til the end o nf arcl t!ie weather continues stea.ly, with l.erhaps one thaw m •January and cccv Bional snowstorms. Tlie days are clear and bright, and the cold much softened by the brilliancy of the sun. T<5 thp Climate Healthy ?-'V^onderfully so. There is no malaria -, endemic dist^.es are Tknown; children keep remarkably healthy. Man. oba has been declared to be "'.^17^ ihe absolutely 'healthiest countries on the globe, an.l most pleasant to live in. How is the SunplV of Wood ?— Wood for building and fencing purposes is a m^t^roflneatimpoftance in a prairie ootuitry, and in this respect the Canadian North-west is peculiarly favored. Vlthough ther.! are sections where wood is scarce, as a general rule there is a well- regulated supply thioughout the country. As we have already ^ta/^d, the plains abound with wood in .-.Uimps; and in other parts there are tracts of forest «o evenly intersptrsed that farmeis can generally obtain a good wood lo^"> «1;'.'''> P'-°^>"'>ty *» their pr .irie farms, besides which the numerous rivers are invariably hned with wooa on each bank. EUler, oak, elm, maple (hard and softl, and basswood may be planted, and will grow successfuUv ; but Cottonwood, poplar an.l willow will grow very rapidly, and for ordin iry Z olon af.r,., they are most 'useful. The following .lescriptioii^s of woods are foun-l in tfce Canadian Xorth-west : oak, white and re.! ce.lar, birch, p.ndar, spruce, white ash, *ttonwoo.l, tamara.k. cherry, white willow, balsam ash, maple, .?«;«. «1'"^»°^^^»J. older, the latter being very valuable, as it is coming into use extensively for the i^urpoie of wood-engraviiig. <(i MANITOBA AND THE CANADIAN NOUTH-WKST. 13 itea thftt the soil is particu- ir tnoiilil thus jironounced so our fcut, and in some places tlement ?— of paramount 1( cal^^y which is to bo tho family. What to him are wth of furtilu soils under vapour ? What are soft »nd lioatli '' What are bountiful lease must annually visit his retains no stagnant pools to bKunco of fog or mist ; the us, all conspire to make the iiiil the lioiuu of a joyouf, tlie climate of o\ir Nortli ladly an-' confidently made, Snow disappears rapidly, rom the middle to the end of AVeather bright and clear, -nijjht cool and ref reshinj;. t of November, perhaps the exceedingly jileasant. At this mosphere has rather a smoky bruary, and March. nerally commences, and then lasts idiont a furttiight. The very object ajipeais to wear a ly ushered in by a soft, tleecy with a clear, blue .-ky ami rly sets in, and, until the end le thaw in January, and ccca- the cold much softened by the here is no malaria ; cndenuc ealthy. Manitoba has been ries on the globe, and n)ust ig and fencing purposes is a n this respect the Canadian , general rule there is a well- e already statrd, the plains .re tracts of forest so eveidy 3od lot in close proxinuty to :e invariably lined with wood nay be idanted. and will grow very rajiiclly, and for ordinary criptions of woods are found in •ch, poplar, sjiruoe, white ash, , maple, pine, elm, and box- ise extensively for the jiurpoie In connection with tree planting, tlie following recommendation from a icsident farmer in Jlanitoba is worthy of attention : "I would suggest that intending settlers in the North went who come to settle down on prairie land sliould break up an acre or two around where they l)uilil, on tlie west, uortli mid cast, and iilant with maple seeds. Plant in rows four fei't apart, tlio seeds to be planted one foot apart ; they can afterwards lie thinned out ainl traiinplaiited. I have tliem twelve feet high, from tlie seed planted four years ago, and they will form a good shcltor. "JAMEH STKWAKT, " High Uluff. "[50 miles from Winnipeg. | " Lake of the Woods. Is Water Plentiftll and Good ? -a supply of good water is an indispensable necessity to the fariiicr, not only for household purposes, but also for stock. 'J'lie Canadian North-west has not only numerous rivers and creeks, but also a very large number of lakes and lakelets tlirorgbout the whole country, and it has now been ascuitained deliiiitely that good water can be obtained almost anywhere throughout the territory by means of wells ; in addition to which there are numerous clear, running, never- failing springs to be found throughout the country. What are the Prospects for Coal .' - The coal mines of the country, although as yet in an undeveloped state, are now attracting tlie attention of cajiitalists. Many extensive deposits are known to exist in many I'arts of the territory. The openim; of these nunes will solve any do\d)ts that may exist as to the fuel supply for the future cities and towns nt the Canadian North-west. The Canadian I'ltcitic Railway being now open to Thunder Day, on Lake Superior, will also enable coal to be inijiorted and sold at prices as reasonable as those which obtain in the adjoining States. Is there an Abundance of HayP There are between forty and fifty varieties of wild grasses. The first point a farmer would note about tin m is the abundance of the foliage of t:early all the species. A\liile the glasses of K.istem Canada aie nearly all culm or .■-tem, most rnirie grass, and thi» again would strike a farmer im imli'^ating a good ciuality of grass ; add to tliiH that there iiro in some ttpeuies such iin abiinduiice'of seodn as to iiiake tlie fodder i)artako of tlio nature of a feicl of grain, and it will lie seen that the tales ahout the readiness with whiuh .-.tock will fatten on prairie hay are not overdrawn. Tlie following are a few of the varieties found : the brown-top or cedar [jrass, one of the most valuable kinil, has tino stem with abundant fcdiage, ami tlieie are several species of red-top very uutriti(jus ; tlie pti grass, a kind of vutcli, allonls g'lod pasturage for stock in winter ; the beavei liay, much superior to tlie grass jf the same name found ill i;astern Canada: tlie Scotch grass, a favorite hay in tlio Noitli-west ; and the upland liay found on the [irairie, of very fine (juality. Then there aro the following grasses : bono, blue, buffalo, blue-joint, sedge hay, colony hay, June grass, bus and wheat grass, as well as numtrias otlier varieties, the greater portion of them being nutritious, and some of them very beautiful in appearance. Is the Country Suitable for Stock-raising ? -Manitoba is destined to become one ot the tinest stock-raising countries in tlie woiltl. Its boundless prairies, covered with luxuriant grasses the usual yield of wliich, when cut into hay, being from tliree or four tons per acre -and the cool nights for whicli Manitoba is famous, are most beneficial fe.-tiircs in regard to stock ; and the remarkable dryness and liealtlifulnesg of the winter tend to make cattle fat and well-conditioned. Tlie easy access to fine water which exists in nearly every part of the Province is another advantage in stock-raising. The abundance of hay everywhere makes it an easy matter for farmers to winter their stock ; and in addition to this, there is, and always will be, a ready home market for beef. The cattle ranches established at the Kastern base of the Rocky Mo the first year suHicient to tficient hay ought to be cut ce the broken land until a o fence his fields as soon a8 , but the settler should be li of August or first of Sep- fhe former can be purchased acted of logs and made very ivinter over, the rest is plain Jong very comfortably with manage, by working part of it money to go on imiiroving quarter of the sum above- land for fann labor, and a ble to add to his store by IS over £100 Capital ?— lid burden himself with as he reiiuires at reasonable ! country than anything he imate of his tirst outlay in a £50 if 7 AND THE CANADIAN N( HITH W EST. 15 Wagon 10 Plough and harrow 7 Sunilry im)plempnts ... ... ... ... ... ... 5 Cookiiit; stove, with tinware fi Furniture, etc., say ... ... ... ... ... ... 12 Sundry expenses, say 10 ,t'149 To tho above must be added first payment on land, unless he takes a liomostcad and pre-emption ; but an oneiijetic man will find time to earn something as an offset to a ?ortiii the railway, or by workmg for neighbouring amiers, and In aihlition to this there is the chance of obtaining » partial crop the fir.st year. A settler, therefore, who can boast of having f.")0() on his arrivjil in Manitoba is an independent man, and cannot fail to succeed with ordinary care and energy. Many settlers on arrival cannot boast of a tenth part of that sum, and yet they succeed. What are the Profits of Farming in the Canadian North-west?— In the following calculations every care has; been taken not to overestimate what can be t\one with care, iierseverance: and energy : — l-IUST VICAK. Expemlitiire of settler witli family of say tlvc, fur provisions, etc., one year CM One yoke of oxen ii7 OuecdW 7 Urcnkinq ploush anil harrow 7 Wagon lU Inipletnents, etc. . ."i t'ook-stove, etc., complete ."> Fuiniture la Sundries, say 10 Outlay for fli-st year i;14i» At the end of the year he will have a comfortable log-house, barn, etc, cattle, implements, and say twenty acres of land broken, ready for seed. HO jt!16 £192 100 SECOND YEAR. Will rcalUo frimi 20 acres— 030 bu.5hel8 of grain at 80 cents Expen litiire, say To the Bonil, beside living And he will have an additional 20 acres of land broken. THIKU YKAR. Forty acres will ffive him 1301 hiisliols of grain at 80 cents Expenditure, including additional stock and implements To the good, besides living £92 And he will with his increased stock and other facilities, be able to break at least thirty acres. lOlIKTH VKAR. Seventy acres will give him 2100 bushels of grain at 80 C3nt8 i.';i,'i.'i Less expenditure for further stock, implements, and other necessaries I'iO Tothegood £215 And another 30 acres broken. FIFTH YKAk. One hundred acres will give him HOOO bushels of grain at 80 cents liiSO Less same expenditure as previous year 120 Tothegood ...£360 At the end of the fifth year he will stand as follows :— Cash, or its equivaleut, on hand .2708 One hundred nnd sixty acres of land, increased in value to at least £1 per acre... 160 House and barn, low appraisal SO Stock, including cattla and hones 130 Machinery and farm implements, 60 per cent. o{ cost, say 40 Furniture, etc 30 £1106 Lets— outlay for lands if he purchases from Railway Company 94 10 4 To credit of farm £1008 » « 'I Hi ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS C0NCERNIN(5 MANITOBA So that, Hccordinn to tho aboye, oven sliould there bo « dcficipiioy in the yield of oroi.M oi .iiiiimiit .if land brokon, tho guttler at the end of five ye»r» wonld find him»elf witli a i? '" "'Uit'"". » oonBiderable •uni of money to hiii credit in the bank. Are the Markets easy of Access P-Small centres of tn.de are cmtinually gpringiug into existence wherever settlements take nlaoo. and this.' co.ntain generally one or more stores where farmers can find a ready market for tlieir iiodnce. Uie stations along tho line .)f the Cana.lian Pacific Railway are not more than eigUt Or ten miles apart, and it is the intention of tho Company to facilitate the . 2 8 11 £13 m . £2 17 10 3 11 In wheat In oats An acre of land in INIinnesota at tho same prices will realise :— 111 wh.'at Ill oats .€fl 8 10 (»r, in other wonls, tho farmer in IManitoba can afford to sell bis prain TjO (ler cent, clu-apcr than the .Minnesota farmer, and still be as well off the prices of labour in the two countries being about e.jual. How about the Yield of Crops? -The following tables, taken from official sources, will show at a glance the average yield of crops during the last five years m Manitoba :— , , ,, 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881 Wheat 20 1 .. 26.V .. 2U} .. 2il^ .. H<) (lats mti .. Snj .. 58 .. 57} .. 50 rtailey 4 ,' ti3 .. 37J .. 41 .. 40 Pi.;i3 »1 .. :n .. sm ■■ 88V .. 38 live . ... :ti .. 30 .. 40 .. 40 .. 35 Potatoes 301 308 .. 302 .. 318 .. 3i0 Then compare the above figures with the yield in some of the American States ani Illinois , 17 „ .. ' '■' OATS. Minnesota, average yield per acre 87 bushelf ^ Iowa, ........ 28 ,, Ohio 23 „ 4 I AND THK CANADIAN NORTH WKST. 17 lANITOBA cinnoy in the yield of ivo ye»r» wduM find ditiuD, a ouiisidorable truilo are oontinually iHv) oo.ntnin generally their j. reduce. The t more tlian eigbt or iliUto the -erection of lose of their grnin at istnitea that Manitoba itii tlie geaboiiril timn til New York ; bo thnt ;ivo prices ia aHsiiiod. iiy» and public worVu , for a time limit the o seen by the foUow- U8t ;U, 1882 :- r bushel. rib r dozen. £T> 2 8 11 £13 W £2 17 10 3 11 m 8 10 bis (iriiin 50 \)cr cent. he prices of labour in 38, taken from official ig the last five years in 18R0 1S8' 2il\ BO r.7} . 59 41 40 3S.V 38 40 B.'i 31H . 320 tie Americun States an<] 7 busbels. i „ 4 „ 6 „ 7i „ I ng ia estimated on Kood :8 the settler's own labour 5 bushels. ■0 „ la „ 9 „ 9 „ .7 „ i7 buahelo !8 23 „ How do Roots and Vegetables Thrive P-Koots and ve^otabieH succeed adn inibly in Manitoba, as can be seen by the following instances, taken from farmers rejiorts : H. (J. Higginsop, of Oakland, has produced cabbages w.ighing IT.J lbs. each. Allan Hell, of rortagelaPrai''.^', has had cabbngos 4.") inches around, and turnips weighing 'jr> lb. cauh. Itobert K, Mitchell, of Cooks Creek, raised a squash of six weeks' growth measuring 6 feet inches in circumference. Wm. MoHS, of Hiyh Bluff, has produced carrots weighing 11 lb. each, and turnipi measuring M inches in circumference. James Airth, of Stonewall, states that tlii' common wciK'bt of turnips is 12 lb». each, and iome of them have been known to weigh as much as 3'Ji lbs. Isaac Casson, of Green . Jgo, has raised 270 bushels of onions to the acre. John Oeddis, of Kildonan, states that ho has raised :100 bushels of carrots per acre. Joshua Apjileyard, of Stimewall, states his crop of turnips to have been 1,000 bushels per acre, the comuion weight being 12 lbs. each. Francis Ogletree, of Portage-la-1'rairie, produced onions meaiuring 4\ inches through the centre. W. H. J. Swain, of Morris, had citrons weighing 18 lbs. each. A. v. Beckstcad, of Emerson, gives his experiei\ce as follows : Mangel-wuriel weighing 27 lbs. each ; beets weighing 23 lbs. each ; ojibbages weighing 40 lbs. each j onions weighing IJ lbs. each. W. B. Hall, of Headingly, has raised beets weighing 20 lbs. each, and gives the weigiit of his turnips generally at 12 lbs. each. Philip McKay, of Portage 1» Prairie, has had cabbages meaiuring 20 inches in diiuneter solid bead, and four feet with leaves on. His onions have measured 16 inches In circumference, and cauliHower heads 10 inches in diameter. Tames Lawrie & Bro., of Morris, have proi' iced turnips .W inches in circumference, onions 14 inehes, and melons 30 inches. Thc^ had one sciuash which measured about the same size om an ordinary flour barrel. James Owens, of Point Du Chene, had turnips 30 lbs. each, onions 14 inches around, and cucumbers 18 inches long. Neil Henderson of Cooks Creek, has raised 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre, oaiToti five inches' in diameter and 18 inches long, while his onions have frequently meaavred five inches through. Jas. Bedford, of Emerson, has raised 1,000 bushels of turnips to the acre. It anst be remembered that none of the farmers mentioned above used any spemal neana to produce the results we have described, and out of nearly 200 reports received from settlers concerning the growth of roots and vegetables in the Canadian North-west, mot (tne has been unfavourable. Are the Crops generally Sure P— There are no insects, worms, or blight to dastiry crops; no storms ; no wet seasons. Spring is clear and dry, June is wet when the crop! are growing ? a wet harvest is almost unknown. Yes ; crops are sure in Manitoba. Al weat, makethecropi growtoo r-mk. ' But the best plan is to use manure in limited quantitiea after the second year, in order to prevent any exhaustion of the land. What is the Quality of the Grain raised in Manitoba P-i cannot answer tbis question better than by giving the following oertifloate I received from a prominent centlaman who e:iamin«d some orwnary samples which I brcfught from there : I 18 ANSWEUS TO yUEST'ONS CONCEIlNlNd MANITOHA MoNTBEAi., January 17 ifi82. I have carnincl .uni-K" "f Kr>"n grown K Munitoba. .uhn.itte.l by AlexanaerBegg. The ,an.,.lo of nfc wh.ut i» .l.-'ciully «oo,l. «n.l No. 1 hurl, whloh i. th« M«al.ty ol wheat now »o much Hoiiaht ullcr liy riiill«rM. The ha,l..y, white .nul hUok o,a«, ,k..h an,l hoann ,hown. are all of very »up.nof Muality, ana would conunaud v«ry hi^h luice. lu thw niaikot. A. MIT<'HEI'I'i rroNitlcnt Corn Exchange AsKooiation, Montreal. n»« oliniit Prirfl of Farm Labor P It U .litllcult to kIvo .l«HT,ite informatioB c^n^^^M ';;n:;;^. l^i^ ::::;;::r:i i:;":^. ^m.:=.y ia«.. rate of-wa^e. .nd NtiU tin.l iiu fill mint! viiy pio.itable. DO Fanners Vro^^^^^Z^^^^^:^' l^^^tJ:^'^^^^^^ ^"tt^;';ZA!:L "^n'T. ™ U.Jhn.... ,n n.any the or«an. and net . few can boaH of pianon and other luxuii^H ot a happy hou.u. How about Dairy Farming.P J^:^^''''^^^;:,X>::':i:i^TJ:J'l^^ carry on a oon.l.ined ^rain and dairy fa m. It ' ' ;'^V ^^ ^j'^ ,,, ..^e* .pecially the worUI. ResidencQ, St. John's, Manitoba. Are vou troubled with Severe Storms? Such a thing u almost "nj^""; Th«*^are occasional thunder.torm., but no hurricane, t",'*?^'".***" *'>?,«?,'^*'y Jff d«^y life as in Kansaa. Nebraaka, and other prairie wuntnei la the U«iUd SUtefc This i» one of the special feataret in favour of the Canadian North-west. I '* <» -lANITOHA [,, January I" ^S82. Ill by AlexamlerBegKi liloh ii the quality o* I oU of very suponor iHouiution, Montreal. vo .letlnite information iiiK ImiveHi titiio, when very lat({0 nunibei ol osoiiU'of WHgeH. t inoiii tliaii twico diiiiii); thi' aua:i<>n. Ah a lulo tb* anuw docK iiiit fitll in laign i|iiitiititli'H, 'I'lic iiiaiiicn are fi'ci|iiently l>uri> of Hnovt al>otri the middle of March, and gunurally l>y tliu Ut A|iril. Are Flax and Hemp Grown P The cultivation of thcm^ imiiortant cropa wan carrioil on to a consiihTalilu cxtctit hy ohi Huttlcin many yt>aiit aKo, tho )>rodurt being uf exculli'nt ijuality ; hut thu uhlvi'isal coiiip'uiiit at that timi' waa tliv want of a nitrlcet, or of machiiii'ry to wciik up tho niw iiiati'n.d, ami thii led tin lu to iliHCiuitinue thU important hrancli of huHhuiidiy, Ita cultivat.iiui liaH Ix'iii ictji wrd extfnKivcly by the Kusnian Mmnonitu Ht'tth'ra, of wliom tluiii iim now hi twct'ii at, aa hupa ri'<|uiru a clear, dry atmoxiilu're and a lich harvvnt of (lowvra ; if tho air ia damp, or tho wi:;!hi".' cloudv, they will not work mi wtll, Anntlier reason why they worl< luHH in a warm elimnte in, that the hcuu'y ^atlieieil remaina tluiil for aealing a lunger time, and, if Katliereil fanter tlian it tliiek<'nH, it sourn and Hpoila. Our clear, bright akiuH, dry air and lich lloia, are welt adapted tu the liee culture. How about Hop-Growing? The Imnka of the rivers ami creeka abound wUk wild hopa, and here U what a resident aettler aaya about them : Kopa will do well cultiuited. I have |danteil wild hopa out of the buah into my warden, alon); the fence and trained on |jMleN, be.iriiig as full au. There is a superintendent to each section, ami teachers are reciuired to pasa a np4 examination before they are appointed. A high class of education ia tbvrefoM administered. ao ANSWKKH TO grKHTloNS CONCKUNlNtl MAMToHA Are there Churches P No.irly nil .l-nmiiii.ntinMi oxM, nn.l »i.. in u iioiiri-hlnf tra alwiiyit viiitluK clurKyiiu'ii tu iln tlio iliity. Ib there any Municipal Ortfanisation f tii- cn.mtiy u .llvi,u.,i int.. muul- eipalitl" ,« f,7H"Vrttl',,.J...t ,-n.!|... Mill, i.ntly to w,.n,.nt .t. ' Io-ho n.uulo.pja orUiiUotioMK tiik.) ul.,iwi of ro*U un.l rou.l nM-aii^, th.m. I>«ii.« no tol di„.t(.H ; and allmaUoi. of u lonil n.ilnio iiio i.ilnunist.Tcl l.y tlir iruvu an iliittiict. Are there Representative Institutions fully established in Manitoba P— Tm, there U • LetiislHtive Assembly of 30 members elected by the |ieople every tivs yeu«< A Lieiitennnt-Governor and Kxecutive Coun'^il, consiHting of Prnvinoial' Treasurer, Attorney Oeneral, MiniRter of Public Works, Provincial Senrptnry, Minister I lAMTOllA AND THE CANADIAN NORTH WERT. fl il Are ill li ilouiixhing I ri'tjiilitr cliiii'uli thor* I iltvtilixl into muDi- it. 'I'lll'XU IIIUIllcl|>lll III) toll rliai'ttiti ; lillU cimiicil, who aid VM.h O % ^-W^ B hed in Manitoba P— liy the jieople every tiy« :oiiHiKtiiig of Prnvinoial- nciiil Secrptnry, Minister feJ©«' I loi to ixt iMr dM- 12a. to IM. „ 14fi. to lAl. „ Hit. to im «f AgrlcuUuro, hi.iI Prciiiilrnt of Coiinrll, Mmiitoli* Im* iiUo flv* nirnititn In the OoniiiioiiD, mill tlirci' in tlir Mi'iiiitc of ('Hiiiula. ilic for, hit tlncti'il rviry live yeiiri liy tbt fieoplv, tlie lattur vliimvii liy the Uuvurnur in Cuundl niiil a|i|iuiiitril for lifu. Are there any Benevolent or otherl Societies in Manitoba f Y«i, tb*r« Ut the (uUowinK : Hi (U:oHnK^ Hnriffrr MMonlr I.oiIki>i Ht Anuhkw'h SoriKTT ., _ ,. orailun Loiluei HT. rATK|i'K'ni|inny are in Montreal, and from that point tlie road passes through a good ncricultiiral country to Ottawa, the Dominion seat of govern went ; and from there, travelling a country extremely rich in timber and minerals, it «kirts the north shore of Lake Superior to Thunder Bay, where the line branchei on is H 22 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS UUNOERNING MANITOBA thedireotion of Manito.,a. The link '-tween T^nmler B^.-J ^Jj^^-^Sr^l the line is not yet complete. ■ l.ut tlie work <>f ,««' •^*"'7*"?, "^ unrivalle.l on the wenery in many localities along the iMvstern »';"^°^,«;^,"L" and Winnipeg the American continent for granaeur an. ^^-'^''tX- 1™.^" >''""/''' ^8 some of the finent -ailway runs through a thiokly-woodo.l country, containing, in iiarw, ao kgriculturai land. At RAT roBTAOE. about 1H5 miles -tward from Winn^^^^^^^^^^ ftneBt water power in An>o.ica. a.ul ..ou.e hirye .mils have alrtadV ^etn er j. ^^^ a manufacturing point, Hat Portage is expected to rival, it not excel, mui i great mill centre of the North-western States. At WINNIPEG, the Canadian Pacific Kalway «".*=" "'^^if^f^ft' admHte'S'Io'b: of 800 miles traverses a ojuntiy which, for agricultuial purposes. oneqaaUed in the world. Steamer at Brandon Landing. At th. Eastern ba.e of the Rocky m.mtains^^^^^^^^^^ referred to, and from there V'%\"%'jw, Id rLh deposits of gold, silver, and other ^^^^t ptt"S;. r '^ie"ptii"c'c'^:it:^ througfi the fine province of British Columbia. , t t-v. a The valuable fisheries, ^--s-d mines on the e--e W.erji ^^^^^^^ of^the roa^^ (be agricultural pioiluce of the S,'««t P'«^'« "^B"^' -^ ; ^ t„ g„^„re. an immense local SSulh^X^^r ti;rcTilldran"'i^^^^^^^ I^ addition to this the trad. I MANITOBA 1(1 the enstern section of in active vrogress. The ine is unriviiUcfl on the .r Biiv anil Winnipeg the parts, some of tho fiimat ;g, there is probably the iv been erected there. A» J excel, Blinneapolis, the e region, nnil for upward* )08es, is admitted to b» g- ense cattle ranche* already the Kocky Mountains, with s of gold, silver, and other irough the fine province of 5 western end of the road, mines, timber, lumber, and to ensure an immense local n addition to this the trad» I AND THE CANADIAN NORTH-WEST. S3 flowing from ocean to ocean, from east to west, and from wost tn enst. will undoiibtedly iMiike the great Canadian highway one i>f tliu iiinst impDitmit, tiiink lines in North America. Already branch and iiic' iiuinlent laihviiy* mo be.ng projected and built through the prairie region, to act us veedeis tu the iiu.iii line, li is surprising to note the wonderful progress of the various cities and towns along the route. Commencing with Winnipug, wu liml that in 1N70, or a liftlo over twelve yeanago, it was a mere haiidet, conlam'ii;^; but few liouses a nl a poimlation of littl* oTor 200 souls. In 1874 it was incoriioriited ns a citv, wiili an assessment roll of 1-',076,01S dols. ; in 1S82 it could Ixwst ol '_' ,'iO;) inlial.ifMiitH, and an assessment of ;0,4:i2,270dols. To-day it can show bro id w. il lai.l out streits, lined with handsome ftores and warehouses, beautiful resi.len>es .inl iiii|iosing puilio liuibliiig--. The city is bghted by electric light and gas. Sireet rn ways are ii. oiician.in, an adequate fire brigade has been organised, and, in fi.c. all tuc ailvant.i'.'<'s and eotnenieuces of an old established metropolitan city are already enjoyed by its iulialiilnnts. No less than seven lines of railway now centre in \Vii\ni|iej;. and a grand union depot la in course of erection. Winnipeg is tli- ilo .rwav and oliief ili-tributing point between tlie East and the vast prairie region of the Uniadiin .N'ortli-west. Portage la Prairie is about as old as Winnipeg, although not as large ; but of late year* it has progressed wonderfully, ar.d can boast of nuuirous fine l)uildings, mills, churclies hotels, stores and private rei>urne Carberry Sewell DoviKlag Chater BltANUON Alexander Griswold Oak Lake Virden Hargraveg Elkhorn Fleming Moosotnin St. Vincent to Winnipeg Winnipeg to Brandon Brandon to Broadview ... Broadview to Kegina Regina to Swift Current... M lies. 7 9 •i- 15 14 6 5 84 n k 8 I' 5j 7 8 71 6j 5- 16 8 8J 14^ 8 8 14 8 132i Oakfihela Grenfell Sumnierbery Wolseley Sintaluta Indian Head... Capell McLean Cassils Pilot Butte ... Rk(jika Grand Coulee Pense Belle Plaine.. Pasqua Moose Jaw . . . Boharm Caron Mortlach Parkbeg Secrctan Chaiilin Ernfold Morse Herbert Rush Lake ... Waldeck Swift Current MHes. 7 8 ? 8 10 'I' 9 7 8^-92) 10 7 8 9 8 8 8 9 9 101 9 10 I 11-154 68 132.5 131 92.5 154.2-578.2 miles. EXPERIENCE OF SETTLERS. The proprietor of " The Winnipeg Sun " recently sent a correspondent amongst the farmers of the Canadian North-west to ascertain from them their opinions aboai the country, and also how they had succeeded in their new home*. A few of the rep"rts obtained are appended. Opinions as to the Climate. William Warnock— Enjoyable in summer ; cold, but healthy in winter. R. .1. Warren- Winter is cold, but the atmosphere is very dry ; summer has warm days and cool nights. A'egetation is wonderfully rapid. Early rose potatoes have been planted and raised for table use within six weeks. R. H. Cole— Favourable. T. H. Metcalfe— With very little care in the coldest months, say from the middle of December to the middle of July. One can enjoy the climate of Manitoba, I think, fully bettor tlian in the eastern provinces. John M. Lawrie—I consider the climate better than Ontario, taking one season with another. B. R. Ross AVinters cold but not unendurable ; subject to no more freaks of nature than the older jirovinces. m MANITOBA MHes. 7 8 .. ... ■■ 7i 8 8 10 IJ* 8 9 7 8i-93i 10 7 8 9 8 8 8 9 9 •St 9 10 i! 11 11-154 68 ... 132.5 .. 131 92.5 154.2- 578.2 miles. TTLERS. i correspondent amongst the Bm their opinions aboai the omea. A tew of the repxrts AND THE CANADIAN NORTH WEST. 2', ..^J^'^T^^ ^^'>'\''o^™ ^^O'^e f"iinil the climate equal, nml in Bome respects superior to that of Ontario. Much has l.ron said of the winters hero, l.nt 1 consider them pre- ferable to Ontarid wititers. AVe aro never troubled with sliivli ,„■ mud in winter, never knew of a thaw during winter, and cousei|uently we liave one oont nuous and uninter- rupted run of dry, frosty weather, usually setting in about tlie middle of November, and continuing until the 1st of April Robert Keesor- -Favourably impressed witli climate ; never saw better. Alex. Adams With the exception of January and February the climate igas)>Ieasunt M tliat of any country I ever hoar of. Robert W. Coburn -Summer days are warm with cool nights ; winter frost is keen, out the air w dry, and the days are really delightful. John A. Brondgeest Cold, but dry and pleasant winter weather ; dry, clear weathe> In summer ; rain in May and June ; roads h Lawrence— I have no objections to the climate. We get a little hard weath«r •onietimes, but I prefer it to eitlier Ontario or England. I lived in England 21 years, and m Ontario 10 years, and so am iiualifiedto express an o))ii:ion. W. G. Knight— Fine, dry, and healthy ; most suitable for asiricultural pursuits. OMve Christiansen— Healthy, but cold. Noah Bartley -Been here three years ; like the ciimnte well ; winters a little sevam but more pleasant than in Ontario, being a dry, steady c(dd, with no thaws or rains. S. W. Chambers - Have spent four winters here, and worked in the coldest weather witbout an overcoat, without any inconvenience. W. McKitriok Nine months of the year will stand a good recommendation, but during December January, and February he settler must " stand the storm, and he will anchor by and bye. " William Cox— Rather cold last winter, but that was an exceptional one. Climate very satisfactory on the whole. John L. Loyal- Colder than Ontario, but does not chill me through as the cold dou (bere ; just as soon have the winter here as in Ontario. W. p Reesor-Severe in winter, but prefer it to Ontario ; summer, long days aad •col nights ; very healthy. W. L. Horn— This is the healthiest country I was ever in, and 1 have seen a good deal of the world. *v^°'^°j^®**'?7^^''^"'y ""'' ^'■^^ ''■°'" epidemics. Care should be taken in winter. If tbis is done, hfe insurance companies would have trenji iidous profits. William Thompson -Pretty cold, but very healthy. I have suffered more from frost- •rtes in Ontario than m Manitoba. iTv^ Farmer— Healthy and vigorous, and any one in good health . n stand all the cold I have experienced, Kenneth McKenzie, exM.P.P.— Been here 15 years, and like the climate well J. A. Millan- Been here 10 years, and was never frozen or touched with frost. James Campbell— Good ; a little more severe than Ontario, but steadier aad healthier. date. Ithy in winter. ry dry ; summer has warm !arly rose potatoes have been iths, say from the mid'dle of imate of Manitoba, I think, :ario, taking one season with to no more freaks of nature The Progress of Settlements. Genins JoU Webb, Glenora— Holds 320 acres, 150 of which are broken, has house, stable, so. ; been there four years. A. Chester, Maringhurst-Been there one year, broken up 23 of the 320 acres held, and erected house and stable. Thomas Kennedy, Stoddartsville— Been in the country three years ; owns homestead, •5 acres of which are broken ; has house, granary, stable, Ac. Robert Nelson, Birtle- After a residence of three years, has broken 120 of the 3"0 acres owned, and has erected a dwelling-house, granary, stables, implement house, kc. Johnson Rutherford, Silver Creek Has been here two years, took uj) homestead and pre-emption, broken 55 acres, put up a house, two stables, two sheds, and a granary. Richard B. Kirchhoffer, Brandon— Been there 13 months, taken up 1.930 acres in- eindMig homesteail, put up two dwellings, two stables, and other large buildings. ' I I 2a ANS\Vp]RS TO QUESTIONS CONCERNING MANITOBA W. D. Ktittan, Uiittnnville - Been in tlie country four years ; put up a house anJ •table, anil cultiMiteil 1 lO acics of the ;l'.'0 iicrcH liflil. S. W. CliiiniUprs. of liirtle During his four years' residence has cultivated 150 out of Ml'O acres taken up, nnil .ilso erected a fiousu, stiiidc, bain, and granary. William McKitiick, (Vv20 acres held, and put up log house, granary, stable, and other l>uildiiig>. W. J. Brown, Ponieroy, North DulTerin -Has liroken 130 acres of 500 owned, and weoted a log house, granary, and stalilos. Ho has licen in tlie country five years, with his three sons. Tliey have all hoinesteaded, and liave hapiiy and comfortable homes, Alexander Adams - Has l>een in .Manitoba nine years, owns tOO acres, cultivated 100, and put up house, stable, granary, Ac. Donalil Shaw, Preston, K 'ok Like — Mved five years in Manitoba and 15 in the west; ownsGlO acres, of whicli lilO .irj moken ; has liouse, staule, and yards. •fames O. Fraser, e.irs' resi lence. Kenneth Mclvenzio, Hurnsi.!,., Poitasje la Prairie county, was the first white settler west of the piesent town of Putage hi Prairie. He ilid not homestead or pre-empt, but urchased several ihoiisainl acres tiom tlie orininal inhabi.ants, (JOJ acres of which he as cultivated ; also erected houses, liaina, granaries, Ac, .foseph Laurence, Clearwater, went there four years ago, took up a homestead and preemption, broke up '.lO acies, put up a dwe'ling. cattle house, 50 by 40; granary, 26 by 25 ; m.lk house, 12 by LS ; and wire fenced tiO acies. William Tbonipson, Mainii — Been there sf ven years, holds fiOO acres, cultivated 130 acres, has staide 100 by -'(1 ; granary, ;"i2 liy 2(i : house, 20 by 3G ; hog pen, 20 by 24; machine liouse. l-)by24; ctubhiug house, 10 by Iti ; hen roost, 12 by 20; cooking and millc house, 13 by 28. K. H. Cole, Liiitratl n— Holds 060 acres, broken 80, put house, granary, and stabling (or 40 head stock ; beei, in country two years. S. F. Hampton, RapicI City, Minnedosa— After four years' residence, has cultivated 16 of the 320 acres taken up, and put up dwelling, grain and storehouse, and stable. I The Crops Obtained. Katums were received from nearly eighty farmer* as to the crops obtained during the pMt season, from which it is found that the average yield was as follows : — Wheat 30 bushels per acre, Oats .57 „ Barley 40 „ „ NG MANITOBA years ; put up a house ami ice has cultivated 150 out of ny and comfortable homes. us lOU acres, cultivated 100, [initoha nad 15 in the west ; and yanls. Shi If two years ago, took up le-i under cultivation. IS been in the country two a oreotud five houses, three 1 two years has cultivated 30 iook up 320 acres, broke up cattle. , SOD of which are cultivated, ses, and thinks that it is not , wai the first white sottler liiiine-- P rai rie. In my opinion the month of September is the most favourable for settlers to come here, and in no case should they come earlier than May. Let theui 1 ring good medium ■ized close made horaea with them. Have been here ei^lit years ami know the require ments pretty well. Nelson 15hi>\vn, High Lluff. I would just say tb"t there nre no obnoxious weeds here. When a tield is ready to be reaped, as a rulo you cannot see anything (inlv grain. Flax gi')W.>. well in >'iiia country. I think it can be grown with proht. I have .seen it giow a» tall as I saw it in Ireland. Vegetables of all kinda grow splendidly, without iiinch l.bur mid witli no manure. Matiikw Owens, .F.P., High Bluff. Land ought to be idoughed in the fall and sown as early as possilple in the s]inn|i,. Seeding is ''romlOth to l.">tli of April, ami harvest fioiu 10th of August to Ifitb of .Septem bar. The Mennonites here grow all their tobacco, and it stands ahout four feet high. John W. Caki.ihn, Clear Springs. The month of May is generally fair ; June wet, August and Septenil)cr fair weather" All kinds of roots and vegetables shoulil be sown as ear.y as the grounil i.s in tit condition' and will be fit for gathering about mi(hlle of October. iJruah ground broken in spring will yield a good croj> of outs or potatoes the same season. James Sinclair, Greenwood. I have been in the country six years and have fimnd the driest summer to give the hest crops, even wlien there was no rain except an odil thuiidei shower. New settlers should come in Jhiy and break their land till -luly, tlien after euttiiig and saving plenty of hay tor all the cattle, they can prepare their buildings for tlie winter. Henkv West, I Clear Spring. For itock -raising purposes the district is unequalled, as the supply of hay is unlimited, and a man can raise as much stock as he is able to cut fodder for. David Chalmers, St. Anne, Point Du Chcne. The potatoes raised here are the finest I ever saw. I have not been in the country but one year, but I am very well pleased with it. All kinds of roots grow better and larger here than in Ontario. Wm. Stakt, Aasiniboinc. I started with one cow, o)..e horse and a plough 18 years ago, and to-day my assessment was for $13,000. I did not fail one crop yet in 18 years of my farming licre, and I must •ay this year's crop is better than I have had before. You can depend upon me. BhNJAMIN BllL'OE, Poplar Point. Rye does well in this country. I have been in S'^otland, Englaml and the TTnited States and in Ontario, but this country beats them all for large potatoes. KoBERT Bell, Bumside. I would suggest that intending settlers in the North-west who come to settle down on prairie land should break up an acre or two around where they build, on the West, North and East, and plant with maple seeds. Plant in rows four feet apart, the seeds to be planted one foot apart ; tkey afterwards can be thinned out .ind transplanted. I .1 ■ ! ■ i ! i H h I { ^ •: : I I 28 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS CONCERNING MANITOBA have them 12 feet high, from the seed planted four yearn ago, and they will form a uom\ •belter. I find, after a residence of nine vears, that this Nortli-WcK' country ii well calculated for rawing the different kinds of grain sown by farmers. Market arices art- very good. WheiitSlic. to $1.10, oats 50o. to COc., and barley tiO cents. Jambs Stkwabt High Bluff, Fanners should have Canadian horses, and get oxen and cows, and purchase young cattle. Hy so doing they will double their money every year. I am in tlie buHinesi and know by experience. j^MEa McEwen, Meadow Lea. I can tell from experience that all root crops grow to a very large size, better than ever I haire seen m other places. Turnips, carrots, mangel-wurzel, beets, onions, pototoes, cabbage, tomatoes, melons, cucumbers, citrons, corn, beans. All thsse grow splendidly The time to sow from 1st to 15th May, and to gather them from 1st io 15th October. Duncan McDouoaix, Meadow Lea. I would recommend intending settlers to try stock raising, more especially sheep. Samuel J, Parhonh, Springfield. I have seen fair crops raisea by breaking early in the spring and sowing oats ; bat by breaking about two inches deep in June, and turning back in fall, getting up all the aub •oil you can, is the best way for the following spring crops. Edwin Buhnell, Nelson ville. I would advise immigrants to fetch all the cash they can. They can suit themselves better by buying here about as cheap, and they will only get just what they need. George Ferris, St. Agathe. Timothy, white Dutch, and Alsike clover grow well here. I have just cut a crop of •even acres that will average two and a half tons to the acre, and have thirty aores •eeded down for next year. James Bedford, Emerson. Spring weather, at time of seeding, is generally bright, with some warm showcia of rain. In harvesting we rarely have rain ; usually clear fine days. H. C. Graham, StonewalL I consider this country the place to come, provided any man wants to maice a hoiu and knows something of farming, that has about 400 or 600 dols. to begin with. Jno. George, Nelsonville. Strawberries, currants, gooseberries, raspberries, and in fact all small fruits bear i« the greatest abundance and give every promise of being very profitable. W. A. Farmer, Headingly. Hops will do well cultivated ; I have planted wild hops out of the bush into my rirden along the fence and trained on poles, bearing as full and fine and as lanre as aav ever saw at /aiding and Staplehurst in Kent, England. LOCIS DCNESTNa, The longer a fanner lives here the better he likes it. mersen. JCLIUB F. Galbraith. Nelsonville. Now that we have the locomotive, we shall be able to compare with anything in the Dominion and take the lead with roots, and I defy the United States for samples of pain of all kinds. They have only the start of us in fruits, but we are progressing well HI that respect. If folks would work four months in the year they might beindependeut m this country. I came here m 1873 with only thirty dollars in my pocket, ten of whi. b 1 paid for my homestead of 160 acres. It is going on two years since I began to cultivate Vbt> ptace I am now Unng on and I have 74 acres under cultivation, with a suitable houM wid other fixtures, and I could get 3,000 dols. for one of my qaarter sootions. I «ui be found in High Bluff any time with 60 dols. to back my words. •™»"""- Jno. a. Lee, High Bluff. NO MANITOBA o, and they will furni a gooti Nortli-WeH' country ii well farmers. Market j^rioes art- sy tit) oenti, AMB8 Stkwart High Bluff, 1 cowH, and piirchuie yousz ir. I nin in tlie buHinesi and jAMEa McEWEN, Meadow Lea. ry large size, better tliaa ever rzel, beets, onions, potatoes, All these grow splendidly im from 1st io 15th October, JNCAN McDoUOALL, Meadow Lea. , more especially sheep. AMUEL J. Parnonh, Springfield. ng and sowing cats ; but by 1 fall, getting up all the tub Edwin Burnell, Nelson ville. , They can suit themielvei b just what they need. EOROE Ferris, St. Agathe. I have just cut a crop of icre, and have thirty aoret Es Bedford, Emerson. 'ith some warm showers of days. [. C. Graham, StonewalL lan wants to make a hoiu dols. to begin with. Jno. George, Nelsonville. Fact all small fruits bear i* r profitable. V. A. Farmer, Headingly. I out of the bush into my and fine and as large as any JIS DCNESINS, Emerson. K Galbraith. Nelsonville. npare with anything in the Qited States for samples nf but we are progressing well ' they might be independent J in my pocket, ten of whii.h rs since I began to cultivat« ultivation, with a suitable of my quarter sections. I y words. Jno. A. Lee, High Bluff. AND THE CANADIAN NOiiTll-WKST. 29 Agricultural implements are reasonable here and can be bousjlit ohenpcr than by Individual importation. John Kuankh Kildonan. My claim is situated on the banks of the Assiniboinc, and wo, therefore, enjoy direct steamboat communicutioH with Winnipeg. The land in not (lat but Mhua prairie, ii. med of drainage, but still it is well watered by running spriiigB. All ctoiph look wel I planted potatoes on lat June, and in eight weeks we liail our tir»t meal of tlieni. I e\ poet about .WO bushels to the acre. Tiie climate of the country is all tlmt can be desired Anv Bian who wishes to furnish a homo for himself sliould try ami lo.ate in tlii* country *" ii I. u 1 "',"" "' ""y energy, he will not be long in makiin,' '' comforwible anu uroStable home for himself and family. It was a happy day tliat I firstlanded on this soil. OKI). C. Ha I.I,, I'ortagela-PrHirio, ISiere is no person need bo afraid of this country for growing. There never was a better country under the Sun for either Hay or Grain. A. V. BECKSTEAn, Krnurson. Flax does extra well in this country. OEO. a, TlTKER, Porta^jelaPrairio. Plough as much land as you can in the fall, and sow as soon as the frost is out of the ground, enough for the Harrow to cover the seed. Ah far as mv exi.erience goes ths orUinary vegetables, such as turnips, carrots, cabbage, onions, beets, pens, beuiis, Kc . grow well here. I have raised as good vegetables since I have been hero, with conipara hvely but little cultivation, as I have seen raised in my native place. County Kent bngland, where market gardening is carried on to perfection, Tho.s. Henry Bkown, I'oplar Point. Native Hops here grow as large as any I ever saw cultivated. Krancin 0(;lktkkr, I'ortage-la-Prairie. Hemp and Flax I have tried, and it grows excellently. Tame grasses of all kinds do weU, especially Timothy, My advice to all is to come to this c.mntry, where they can raise the fanest samples of grain of all kinds, that ever was raised in any country. Andrew J. Hinker, Urcenridge. Spring is the best time to come to this country, as the settlor can then get a o on of oats put m on breaking which will then yield him 2r. bushels to the acre, and potatoes grow well ploughc(l under the sod. He can raise enougli to keep him for the season. That way I raised !>0 busliels from a quarter acre. Arthi'R D, Cadenhead ■Scratching River. T^i* *^.!^8.* ^i.^\^ °L^^ ?"*" ^""^ y^"""' *">* '■ ""ts "5 bushels ; wheat 30 bushels ; itatoes ,J00 bushels, although some of my neighbours had over six hundred : turnips I lould say about 750 bushels. I would much rather take my chances here than to farm with the spade in any of the old countries. If you doubt my words please come and see for yourself. John Brydon, Settlers should come without encumbering themselves with implements, ic., &c., as evenrthing can be had at a cheap figure. Oxen we deem advisable to begin farming with. We expect to have a very plentiful garden supply this year though we sowed in May and June, April being the usual time, r;t all is coming on well. Cucumbers growing in the open air we have already. Melons and tomatoes we expect to have in any quantity tlie end of this month or beginning of next. Wild strawberries and raspberries, and many other kinds of fruit are to be had in abundance. Tht toil we find rich and capable of growing anything that we have yet tried, and that without any trouble. We plough the garden, doing any real fine work with the spade. Andrew Dawson, Headingley. Intending ssttlsrs should not bring the long handled Canadian Plough, as it does not work well here, nor should they bring heavy iron axle waggons. The >>e8t thine to briM is some improved stock cattle, sheep and pigs. Okas. Ikkian, Portage-la-Prairie. potati should •"-s*fr 1 30 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS CONCERNIN(J MANITOBA The weather in seeding an a rule in nil tliat c.iiM bo .lesired. rjoots nre (jathored the flr»t week in Ootobci, wli.ii tho woitlicr in all that coul.l lie dt'sired for the uigiitborim of the fruiti of the noil Piiue» of grain arc guoU and farnierH iirf dmiig well. Olaclitone, I would recommend settli'iH to get oxen for breaking tho Koil. Horsij ccst much more to keep as thuv riMiuire grain. ()\en can be worked on thu gnisH. I am more lu the •took line, ami I can «ay the country in well adapted for «tock_raiMi..{. T le pasturiiae could not be better. Abundaiioo of hay all for the cutting, and with a littlo care cattle winter well and come through in good condition. Itidgeville. Would ndviHc new settlers to buy oxen instead of horses, as th«y can bt fed cheaper and will do more work if well treated and fed on grass ami good hay. •^ JaMEH 1). SlKW.MlT, Cook's Creek. I would advise any young man with good heart and «100 (or t(iO) to come to this country, for in Hvo year's lie can be independent. .,„a„,,A Ai-i-lkyaro, StonewaU. I like the country well and would not change. Mollis. I have found the cold in winter no worse to stand here than in Ontario, because it is dry. W.M. tJUKKN, 8t. Agathe, The weather in April and May is usually dry and clear. A go<.d deal of rain in June, followed by very dry tine harvest, which usually begins in the second week in August. Have erown buckwheat successfully. 1 lave seen good crops of (lax among tho Mennomte settlers Timothy and clover also do well. Planted 20 apple tre.^s two years ago, which rg'rowing very Lu. A.nuuH J. M«_^^.^^^ I cultivate wheat, seldom seeding with other grains. This se.ison I commenced seeding on 10th April, season being backward did not timsh seeding tdl hftli May, and jail *•'«-•» fO acres under crop. Commenced harvest on !>th August, expect an ave.age of .0 bushels, Md a better sample than any since 1873. Have broken up 100 acres mor.i tins season A prompt attention to fall i.loughing is absolutely necessary for success. I am so «eU satisfied with my experience of farming here that I intenil opening up two other farms the coming season. ^, ^ H„ai.i,ev, Emerson. Brine your energy and capital with you ; leave your prejudice behind you. Do not bring too much baggage. Buy your implements after you arrive, they are quite aa cheap and better suited to the counti-y. Be sure to locate a dry farm. Break your land in the rainy season (June), when it ploughs easy .nd rots well. Sow wheat, oats, and uotatocs. Barky don't do weU on new laud. Take a.lvice from old settlers, '" f •' Imaac Cahmon, (trcenridge. 1 really think one cannot get a better farming country than this. I tell you, Sir, I have cropped five acres of land on my farm for six years suocesuvely without a rest, and this year a better crop 1 never saw. That is soil for you. I think miniigrants will be satufied with this country when they come here. You can't nay too much in praise ol it I wUh them all good luck that come this way. All 1 say is come brother famei-s, come and help ua i.lough up this vast prairie country. You can raise almost anything in tbia country. ^ n> . Gbokok Taylor, I'oplar Point, Long Lake. I hftve run a threshing machine here for the last five or six years, and the average of wheat i« frem 26 to 30 bushels, oats 40 to 60 bushels, and barley 30 to .W. Jabek Geo. Bhnt, Cook's Creek. I have ovar 1,000 apple trees doing very well, and also excellent blaclt currants. Jaueb Armson, High Bluff. ) ru i il'te wi Ui MANITOBA AND THE CANADIAN NORTH WEST, 81 I. ({odts lire gathured the (leiiireil fur the iligiithuring H iiri' iloini; well. PKriiU Kkuh! WON, (ilaclgtiine, III, Mi)rMi'H coKt much iiiuiu II) gi'iiHH, I am mure ill the )ck liii-'ii.'j. Tlie |iuBturnge luiil with II littlti care cattle U. V. KNIiillT, liiilgbville. »»ua, Hs thuy oan be fed iHH ami kuihI hay. i I). SlKW.MlT, Conk's Creek. lUO (or t'(iU) tu come to thia ISHI'A Al'l'I.KVABU, StonewaU. Ino. Kki.i.y, .Munio. in f tiitano, because it ii ilry. W.M. OUKKN, 8t. Agathe, \ guild deal uf rain in June, the Hecuiid wuok in Auguxt. >f Max ariiuiig tliu Munnunitu D trei:» twu years ago, wliicli VUIIB J. MoiiKK, NeLsonville. Neiuioii I conimenoed Heeding II lif th May, and had then bO ct ail aveiagu of M) Imaliels, IdU acres more this seaHOii. y for success, I am so well upening \\\> two other farms F. T, Hb.\I)I,ev, Knierson. udice lieliind you. Do not III arrive, they are quite u e a dry farm. Break your i)ts well. Sow wheat, oats, vice from old settlers. Ihaac Cahml until the snuw sets in the latter end of Movembor, allowing good time fur fall [iluughing and threshing out grain. I would advise settlers in a Keni'ial way to start with uxon, as they are less expensive in cost, and keep the Mint ytiir at a lesH lisk than huiseM. I would advise them not to bring any implements with them, hut procure tho best of all classes here, as they are especially adapted tor this country. Jno. I''kiioii«<)N, High Bluff. I'lax and hemp have been grown successfully here, and manufactured by hand, many years ago, both bv myself and several other old settlers. I have seen stalks of hemp grow twelve feet high. Joil.v buniElil.ANl), Senator, Kildonan. Wild hops grow to a larger size than I ever saw in any hop field in Ontario. S. C. UlctilNsoN, Oakland. Any one who wants land this is the place. Arch. CilM-KHHlE, Greenwood, Knots and vegetables can be grown here as well or even hotter than in Kngland, as that is our native place we should be able tu judge. WiLHAM Haywood, Jameb Swain, A farmer cannot make a mistake by settling here. Morris. Nkil McLkoii, Victoria. 1 never knew crops to fail, only when destroyed by Grasshoppers, and that was only twice that I know of during my lifetime, now hl'ty yeiirs. I never took any notice of the si/e of our vegetables until stiangers began coming intuthecountry, who used to adn.ire the growth ol crops of all kinds. Thui I ln<.;.iii to think our country could hohl its own with any country-yes, beat them, too. If our soil heie was worked as folks tell me land is worked in other places, the crop would grow that rank that it would never mature to pelfection. UoliElU' Sn iikki.ani), rurtage- l.a I'rairie. 1 am well satisfied with climate, fanning facilities, ic, and consider them far ahead of where I came from. Jamks Mathewsox, Emerson. I would sooner live here, as I think I can do better than I could elsetvhere. .ilMJllEW NKI.HoN, iStoiicwall. 1 consider this country the garden of the Doininion, and by all appearance the granary not only of the Dominion, but of Great Biitain. I havo grown flax here for several years ; it grows e(|ual to any I ever saw. I have grown timothy for eight years, and have Kot from two to three tons per acre. Tims. Dai./ei.l, High Bluif. I have been in this country nine years, and I would not refiiin to Ontario or any part of Canada to make a living. 1 have prospered better here with iess manual laber or trouble than I could possibly do elsewhen . The soil is good, thu climate is excellent, and -everything is in a prosperous condition. jAMt.s K. VliuL, Heailingly. :\2 ANSWKIIS TO yUESTIONS CONCKUNINti M AMTOIIA. Any n.au with * fainilv of b..yi. ni I liaro got. tlmt ii.teM.U living by fui nuim and raiting hi. Imv. tu fur.n.iH only' f,...lin« uw«y l.i» t,m. in ..tl..T ,,luo,., wl,..n ho can .Ter*«eahuna.e.l ,,or o.nt. MU-rr P.ioh v.Mir with h.« abonr l....-.., a. I havo .lone. I haT.fBrmo.! iu K.m.po, Statu of New Vork, nnd <'n'"''"^ J'^'^' IrV'i i'Isun " HcratuhiiiK lUver. I wo.iM n.)t ,ulvi..- any in.in cotnin« out hero to farm to bring ,.ny inoio h.««ugo with him th:.n he can actually lu'l,.. I luvvu »omrtl„»^H wrlglu-d rootH h.-.e and luur.d th.-m toluri.a.. any I «v..r i^n,* in <',in;id,i. I do not think th-rr H any n.<- t.d n.g tho I^.Sint. th« wt-ighU a, th,.y will hardly hrliov. it. It i. ruou^h for tluMu to 1uoh ahout crop.. I wdl hav ..(Mo .0 Imshd. of out. t* the aero thi. .canon. ■''^"^'•■' ' ' ''Sk h". rook. From what I havo »o.n in othrr countries thin iH an good a place as any i can come to For n.v part I have done hotter hei.. than I coul.l ever '•»'''•'' *'''"•"* '"t^rfering with the 8'""|^ «[;;•'•,, ^';;'"'' ^^''t*"^ »"'» plenty of wood ^^ Ai'inel Pt. D.I-t.'heim. We think thi. country cannot be boat for farming, and farmer, can raise all the stock they want and .:o.t then, nothing, as they can cut all the hay on the j.raii le hoy want for winter fee.l, and their attlo will grow fat on '*|f^^'j;;^' *;\*;;;,^;' ^J"]},,';"" Morris. Any man with .'iOO .Ids., willing to work, can soon be in.lependent here. Alkx. Adams. Clear Springs. I had twenty eight acre, in crop last year, and lia.l el.'ven iMin.lred l.iisluls of grain. of which I sold tour hundred and fifty dollars' worth, besides having feed for my team and bread for my family. ^ ^^^^ Davu.s.in, High BlufT. Any further information required on any point relating to Manitoba nnd the Canadian North-west will bo gladly furnished upon applicati.m to ALEXANDER BEGG, Office of Canadian Pacific Railway, 101, Cannon Street, Lmidmi. Printed hy E. Fbskm »v, St. Bride's Stationery Stores, 88, Fleet Street, E 0. ^ (1 MANITOIJA. lilt livinK by fitriiiitiK and citlii^r [iliiccK wlicti ho can - Iii'ri', UN I liHvu clonu. I I I Clin Hiiy tliiii Hiifuly. I. 11. Kl.llSDN, ScratuliiiiK lliver. iim liny iiuiii! lii^K'iigo with riiotx liiTi' mill I'liiinil tlu'in liiTi' it liny iiti' lulling t'l" 1 ciiiiukIi fill- tliiMii to know nltlviition tliiin iiny part of Ei>. TiDSHi in, IIIkIi lUiiir. r a niiiii willi n fuw tlmu- iHi's mill liiivr NoMu) I'lKlity DO to 7ll Iniilit'ls of outii to cs Kl l.l.KUTIlN, Oiiok'n t'roek. )iliice IIS any man i^iin come do in aiiv ntluT uuuntry. I I anil iitlior plaui's, looking lie. Oiii' yi'ar i iiiiHeil '.ih vliuat wliioli stiiod tl.J feet lalf of llir )>ro|ilo of Irolanil orlil, KviTy 1)110 wlio conien Iamks (»\\ kni, IIU', I't. Dll t'llt'Hl'. Iiay anil iiastiiragp. Ckq ain crop, (iooii wiiter iinil John II M.I.. Aiinis I't. l)ii-('liene. •ini'i'K Clin raise nil the Btook ly on the jn'aiiiu tliay want ati'ii'il anil carcil for. VWKIK a: liltii., Mollis. cpenjcnt Iuti'. \, Adamb, Clear Springs. II h'linilrcil biisluls of grain us having fuud for my team IKH Davidso.n, High Bluff. alating to Manitoba tind )on application to COMPARATlVfi TABLE OF DISTANCES. OAN-iDIAN PAOIFIO RAILWAY. / From Miiiitroal to Port Ifoody (Paoiflo Tenninui) • M ... from New York to Port Moody, via Gunad'iut Paoi&o Ilailway ami Montreal From NcfW York to Port Moody, via Canadian Pacitio Railway and Bruokvilla From New York to San Franoiioo, ria Central and Union Paoiflo Railway! and ihorteat connecting linea in the United Statea From Liverpool to Montreal From Liverpool to New York ••• ••• ••• !•• From Liverpool to Port Moody, via Canadian Pacific Railway and Montreal From LlTerpool to San Franoiaoo, vlaall United Statea Routea ... From liverpool to Yokohuu (Japan), via Montreal and Canadian Pacific Railway •Vom liverpool to Yokohama (Japan), via New York and San Franouoo ••• ••. ••• .•• ••• ••• t«. Hiun. 2.iNM S,289 8,164 3,331 1,790 t,040 6,696 6,830 11,019 11,031 ; Railway, nnon Street, Londcm. The above dlatanoes, via Canadian Pacific Railway, are by the Kickins Horse Pass, a route lately discovered by the Company's engineers, which shortens the line over ninety miles, and gives it the eMiPst gradinnts tbrougli kh* R'