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Un des symboles suivants apparattra sur la dernlAre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols -^ signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbols V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc.. mey be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure ere filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre filmAs A des taux de reduction diffArents. Lorsque le document est trop grsnd pour Atre reproduit en un seul clichA. ii est f ilmA A partir de I'angle supArieur gauche, de geuche A droite, et de haut en bas. en prenant ie nombre d'images nAcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mAthode. 1 2 3 % 2 3 4 5 6 REVIEWS ov HUBERT H. BANCROFT'S HISTORY OF THE PACIFIC STATES FROM THE BRITISH QUARTERLY REVIEW AND THE LONDON TIMES. I Vols. 1 iuid 2. Crmtkal Ambbica, Vots. 1 and 2. : [From the Xx>mdun Times. Not. 16, 1883.] This important anu exhautitive work U a inoaument of diligent reaearch and investigation. I'his will b#i apparent >« hen we Htato that, in the course of hia history, Mr Bancroft quotes from upwards of 1,800 authorities, and that these two volumes embrace 1,470 large and cloiiely-priiitcd pages. Thn subject is a groat one, and the record of the Paoilic Coast is full of exciting incidents and romantic atlventures, which are here told witli a fulness that leaves nothing to he desired. A few years ago the author puhlished what may l>e styled a comi>aniou. or introductory work, in "The Native Races of the Pacific States." The latter narrative purportetl to be a full and careful examination into the character and cuato'us of the aboriginal inhabitants of the western portion of North America ut the time they were first seen by their subduers. The new work now ]arliest development more fully than later events ; though, after the conquest, the histories of (Central America and Mexico are presentetl on a -scale sulliciently comprehensive, l)ut natural rather than local. "The Northern Mexican States, having had a more varied experience, arising from nearer contact witli progressional events, receive somewhat more attention in regard to detail than other parts of the Republic. To the Pacific United States is devoted more space, (•oini>aratively, than to southern regions, California being regarded as the centre and culminating point of this historical field." There w undoubtedly justice in this view, for the region last indi- cated is one that is daily assuming greater promin«'"c«) in the remarkable roll of WeKtem development. Mr Bancroft ably, and, on the whole, justly indicates the true fuiiccions of the historian who essays a work of this magnitude. To an aain ; then sitting down to wrangle and to rest. " Some measure of cruelty and wrong is inseparable from the coloniza- tion of new States ; but, as Mr Bancroft points out, the American Indians were, for the most part, docile, and submitted with philosophic resignation to the inevitable, which was too often infamous on the part of civilization and Christianity. In a third and concluding volume, the author proposes to discuss at length the social, industrial and political condition of the country in the 19th cen- tury, particularly at the transitional epoch following the achievement of independence from Spain, and immediately afterwards. " Spain," aa he observes, '* is about to reap the reward of nearly three centuries of misrule. Through her indifference, the commerce of the western hemisphere had long since fallen into the hands of foreigners ; and her colonies no longer desired to maintain thoir connection with the mother country, from which they had nothing to gain, and with whose interests they had little in common. " With the issue of the third volume of this work, by no means the least important, Mr Bancroft's history will become, and undoubtedly remain, the standard authority upon the Pacific States. In the oomoletion of his formidable task, we wish him all success. i^ I Vou4. 4 and 5. Mexico. Vol8. 1 and 2. [From tlir BkiTisH QiAUTKitLr Rkviiw, Octobtr, 1883. | Theie two volumoa, which are devoteii to a History of the Conquest of Mexico, are in many wavR remarkable Mr Hnncroft. by thiH masterly work, juatifiea all the hopes that his "History of the Native Races of America" excited. He Hhows not only learning ami research, and rare literary power — grace and charin of style, without extravagance or rhetoric but ({Uick sym- ftathy, together with groat independence anertson nor Prescott escapes, and he speaks rather coldly of Sir Arthur Helps's his- tories as M-ell-meant and thoughtful, but imaginative--theories of tlie man standing too much in place of research and exact knowledge. I./earniiig lays no weignt on Mr Bancroft's narrative; ttiis proceeds as ligntly as though his course had not l)cen impeded by the difliculties inseparable from original re- search. His authorities occ\ipy over a hundred pages of small type. His treasury of manusoripts seems to Ik; unique and extensive. If he is a little over cynical now and then, this may well be pardoned to a man who htts had to wade so far into the stagnant deeps of human nature. He might, how- ever, have (lualified and allowed for oxoeptions sonietimes, as when lie writes like this: "As for honor, integrity, and all those virtues which go to make a man, we must not expect them in princes or in politicians. " The chief merit of theKe two volumes is the <:onibination in them of exactitude and exhaustive knowledge with sympathy and humane comprehension. The magnificence of the conception which contemplated tiie 'onquest of half a continent, and tlio daring enterprise and bravery with which it was achieved, do not blind him to the defects of the actors. No hist^iriaii has more faithfully nainted his heroes, both in light and in nhade, than Mr Bancroft has {lainteil Hernando Cort«^8 in these pages. He lives before us as we read — the very man in form and pressure. vVhilo Mr Bancroft deprecates the lack of moral elevation in Cortes, and never fails to enforce the fact, his records, nevertheless, contain a due sense of the magnitiuent^e and daring of his exploits. And this all the more that those who were associated with Gort<;'8, while as powerful in char- acter as he, show far nobler traits and possibilities. Mr I^ncroft brings forward tho lieutenants, and paints them in their own features and independ- ent personality. In this he snows the rarest power; for he preserves relations, and makes the more marked traits in the one emphasize and relieve the con- trasted traits in the other. The portraits of Don Gonzalo di Sandoval, Leon, and Aguilar are simply masterly. A few strokes, and the character is fully revealed ; and we undarstand how the man will act. Tiie sketches of Monte- zuma and of the more distinguished Aztec!« are also vivid, and exhibit such comprehensiveness of character and purpose as few historian.^ have surpassed. The tragedy deepens as it proceeds— the duplicity, the greed, the unscrupul- ousness, the cruelty are all undisguisedly set forth, and with such effect aa makes us asiiamed of our boasted European civilization. The characters of the Mexicans, in essential points — their sensitiveness, their honor, their desire to sacrifice so much to be at peace —are honestly set forth. In spite of a cruel, debasing religion, they showed fine traits. Something of their subiniaaive- lU!iut waa no doubt «ii)i^ naa imt Haid the tiiiid word about the contpiowt of M«xi<'ii, haM rendered furth<:i' renearch aiinoNt it. work of Hii|>cr«in^,'ition. Tn nothing m he more instructive tlian in liib eoiiHtant and careful tracing out of the work of the (Ihurcfi aM it followe'oni|Uest. Let thune two pasila^)■H stand side by itide 'Ah, it wan |)itiful life to the A/tecH now, thu world u great tharnel house, hller, some saiil. Hut what were these bu*.;herie« of tlie Spaniards but human uacrihces of more than six times sixty thoiisaiid in one generation'' Mehold them as they file along the causeway, the very sun striking black and stitliug on their famine stiicken fornm and agomzttd faces. On them, then, ye conuuerors, coraplete your work ; for in its swifr continuance is tfieir earlier rest ! ' Ami this — "And all along through the centnty we nave seen explorers and (!on- querors, city-builders and miners, side by side with self-denying and exem- filary friars, who, while re[i'aidii^ a cruel and debasing worsliiii with a gentler aith, sought to ameliorate the condition of thoir charge, ever mysteriously fading into the immaterial lieforc their pitying yes. Meanwhile able men appeac at the head of ec(de8iasti(Mil ntTairs, aiul the (yhurch rispv into power, gaming for the millions lost in the Old World inilliuns in the New." Vols. 2 oud 6. Cknthal AMERirw, Vol, 2. Mbxico, Vol,. 3. IFium tliu nHlTi#ii (ji ABTERi.Y KiiViKW, January, 1HH4.] Mr Hubert liancroft proceeds successfully in his gigantic enterprise. He now presents us with two more bulky volumes, pack-full of fat;t8, solidly earnest, if not always eltK]uent in style; and giving on every pago the proof not only of exhaustive study of documents, but of knowledge of human uature, power of penetrating motiveo. and capacity to paint individual jior- traits with decision, and with that comjirehensiveuess of spirit whicli is so essential to tlie historian in enabling him to subordinate biography to history. Macaulay and C.irlyle both tend to transform history into a series of biogra- 5 hies, and Sir Arthur Helps to a great extent failed as an historian from his esire to find a preconceived idea fuHilled in certain typical men. American writers like Prescott and liancroft have, on the whole, been more successful as historians, if less gifted as artists and thinkers ; and Mr Hubert Bancroft is, in several respects, a worthy successor to them. In addition to the volumi- nous authorities which he cit(;d in the beginning of IiIh first volume, he gives a supplemental list to each of these volumes embracing whole libraries; and his chapter of Appendix to his Secoml Volume, summarizing so neatly the "Bibliography of Voyage Oollecuons. ' is an excellent example of a kind of work which only a true; historian could do, but which too often the historians neglect for more showy and elocjut^ut oomxiositiou. ThMe two voluiiiAii more and more attest Mr Tiuhert R«iuToft'a power u « maiitiir in tiarrative. Thn nali«nt incirieiitH Meetii to repeat thuniHtilve<« with 8oni«thiiig likt' fataliHtic iteration. The poaition for goM grow with what it fed un ; and thi^ Haine oxpudifntii, with hut Hiight variationH of utcesHoriei, uonstantly 8UKK<">ied tiuniitelvHH. But MV liauorott, by dint uf hin gift for Mei/.ing individual traiUi, niaiiages to infuM fretihueas and Honut nitiaMure of dramatic inttrtttt into each of hut grand picture*; it i« only the Nceneit anoople were now hiding the gold; the Spaniards desired the death of Atahualpa, with the liberty to devastate and pillage after the old manner. Thev determined that the Inca should ilie ; but nrst they would melt down and divide the gold; they determined to kill the Inca, hut first he kIiouUI have a fair trial. It waH no difficult matter to frame an indictment. Huascar's death, pretended iusurrections, delay in th« ransom, refusal to accept Itaptism — these charges, or any uf them, were amply sutRcient. Tl -n Felipillo desired one of Atahuulpa's wives, and did what he could to haste:, his death." What a commentary on Mr Carlyle's doctrine of "Might is Rieht " does the whole history afford a kind of grim panorama in which the fable of the wolf and the Untb. witi' *n';u for characters, is succes- sively illustrated. We really du not know wue " a certain sense of relief is not felt by way of a Tindicution of a broa <.r in the universe when we read, "After this in the history of Peru comes ♦^ht feud lietween the associate oonijuerors; for here, as elsewhere, uo BO<.>gro and I'izarro are old men, old friends, co-partners; yet insteaM ot dividing tln-ir immense acquisi- t .)n and devoting the brief remainder of their dnys to peaceful pursuits, so dfjadly become their hatred that each seemed luaijie to rest while the other lived." The empire of the Incas fell to pieces; and the ^Spaniards seized the opportunity, which they failud tu turn to full account chough they enriched themaelves. It is because of the clearness with wlii^h these unexpected and dramatic turnings of Time's wheel, wlii<;li bo decisively bringH 'ts own revenge, are held in view and presented, together with an elevated moral lor" bsuI de- termination to exaggerate nothing, that we can say of Mr Kancroft's volumes that they are touchetl with dramatic penetration and gfiiius. The portrait whi<;h we have here of Las I'asas is in every rcwpect faithful ami iuciaivc; it is A portrait which ought to eudure; and iis aconnast to it might be cited the section in t'le next (chapter which recounts the rise tmd the death-doom of T>ona Heatriz in liuatemala. The style in which Mi Bancroft treats the out- rages which the buccaneers and Scotch settlers in their turn inflicted on the Spaniards as timeu went on, might be advanced a« proof of his impartiality anil judicial tono. The chapter, of the present volume on Mexico, detailing the events that led to the overthrow of Oelves, and the f)eculiav compressed energy of the chapter htaded "Flood, Faniino, and Eclipse," we regard as Htt'iking examples of lofty and animated elcxpience. We have been compelled to confine ourselves to merely general characterization, because points for remarks or for description present themstlves in every chapter, and an article, or articles, would be wanted lor their full treatment. '-«Tf-.^, Vol, 10. North Mexican States and Texas, Vol. 1. [IVoin the Britmii Quakterlt Bkvibw, April, 1884.] This new volume of Mr Bancroft's work sufficiently justifies all that we have said of former volumes. If it lacks the brilliancy of episode which character- ized the two volumes we last noticed, it maintains a high level of vigorous narrative. The weight and multiplicity of the facts do not embarrasu him ; the largeness of the field does not conmse his vision. The broad stream of events is kept faithfully in view, but the master-leaders are not allowed to be absorbed in it. The study we have here of Cortes, in the new efforts he put forth in the direction of explorations in the north, is at once careful and elo- quent. The peculiar elements which the Jesuit influence contributed to the problem of conquest in Mexico, esp« cially in the north, is traced out with de- cision and clearness, and yet with largeness of outline. Not a few readers will turn with especial interest to the account we have here of earlier European adventure in California, and we should suppose will be a little surprised to know how soon the Jesuits asserted themselves there, and with effect. The portraits of Salvatierra and Lorenzo are in every respect vigorous, and, so far as we can judge, faithful. The sketches of St. Francis Xiavicr and Father Kino impart in their own way a softening element to the story of calculation and ambition and strife. The minute wa» in which the labors of the Mission Fathers to convert the Indians is followed up, shows the very mixed nature of the motives which marked such enterprises in those days. The quarrels be- tween the Jesuits and the Spanish ->«-ttlers could not be passed over, and the facts connected with them are faithfully chronicled. It is impossible for us to do more in the space at our disposal here than to briefly and generally characterize a volume which, like its predecessors, is at once a monument of industry and of literary skill. The special authorities for this volume fill some forty closely printed pages, so that the immense labor th»t has gone to produce it may be guessed. ■-^--^ -^^ti^mr