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lo. ^-

A REPLY

TO THE

Speech of the Hon. Edward Blake

AGAINST

The Orange Incorporation Bill

J. ANTISliLL ALLEN

Protestantism first; Politics after.

KINGSTON

1884

Fsor^ i^%/\ A^"^7

tf\

ITK

PKHFACH.

It may seem presumptuous on my part to enter the lists against the Hon.
Edwarrl Hlake, but truth is such a counterpoise to the most splendid abilities
and stronfti'st rciasoning p<3\vers, tiiat witli it on my side I may dare to en-
counter the most formidable opponent. lnd(!ed, the argument by which
Mr. Hlake .s(!eks to fortify one main position is a mere rope of sand, which
crumbles on being touched ; for, as I hope to show, the statements of Catho-
lic dignitaries, even if they did not contradict each other, which they do,
carry little, if any, weight of authority, in the hnal settlement of any ques-
tion ; whilst his argument against Orangeism comes to little more than this,
that Orangemen must be a bad lot, because the majority of them in Ontario
voted persistently against him, and some of them treated him badty ; and that
the system which embraces within it, as lie aflirms. so many bad members
must be inherently vicious ; forgetting that this same argument would be
di.sallowed by him if employed with respect to Christianity it.self.

But there aresow/f portions of this pamphlet not so much intended as a reply
to Mr. Blake, as to show what our Protestant position is, and how impreg-
nable. But it may be said, look at the great men who uphold Catholicism. But
whof/r^great men ? Becau.se a man is prompt and energetic; and well-educated,
can speak well, write well, argue well on ^ivcn premises, is he therefore a
great man ? On the contrary, he may be essentially a small man. He may
lack that fundamental of all true intellect — clear common sense. By common
sense I mean that power of discernir.g the substantial from the shadowy, the
true from the false — the power which lays hold, by a kind of moral intuition,
of the real soul or principle of the thing presented, and which recog-
nizes the interior, higher, spiritual forces which underlie the material and the
outward, and which are as the living germ in tlu; kernel to the mere outer
husk or shell — an insight like that of Christ, which, when confronting the
stupidity equally of the unlearned disciples and of the learned scribes, en-
abled him to put his finger on the c}uick of the matter; which makes the pur-
ity of the motive the centre round which every thing revolves, and by which
every action is hallowed ; which detects in the widow's mite the largeness of
the heart ; which sees in the action of the despised Samaritan the real and only
brotherhood — the brotherhood of the soul, and so puts to flight for ever the
narrow bigotry of caste ; which perceives that it is not the outward but the
inward — not what enters into the stomach, but what comesout of the heart —
that God recognises as of value, or condemns as crime ; that the human spirit
is God's temple where only worship is done ami that Jerusalem, or Samaria,
or Lambeth, or i\i.<me has little to do with the true work of the human heart. '

Without this gift of insight — this endowment of common sense — blind as
owls at noonday, our Newmans and our Mannings go through life, stumbling
over every stone, and knocking their heads against every post, and missing
their way at every step, shouting, all the time, that they only know the right
way ; teaching in the name of Christ tht; very things that Christ came to de- '
liver us from ; and propounding — in language chaste, and ornate, and, at
times, most beautiful, I allow, — the most puerile things as though the result of
the profoundest wisdom.

And why this? B(!cause they are mere leaners, and lack that first requi-
site of the thinker, true sense or clea

sigh

ight

fS.o'iSSif

-4—

judgment. This is the fatal flaw which mars their work, and for the lack of
which no amount of education can ever compensate. A close observer of
human nature tells us— I don't profess to ijuote the very words — that educa-
tion is a good thing to have in the upper stories, if only there be common
sense in the ground floor. This my intercourse with men leads me to endorse
wholly. Next to the endowment of a high moral sense, that of true insight
is the highest gift of nature.

I beg to say here that I have throughout my pamphlet taken the liberty of
employing "feeble italiis," whether so found in the passages quoted or not. If
in any place I have spoken warmly, it is because I have felt warmly. Civil and
religious liberty, the great conquest of Protestantism, is far too dear to me to
be spoken of in cold terms ; but if anywhere I seem to have spoken too warm-
ly, I hope I may be pardoned. Everywhere I have aimed at speaking what
I believed to be the truth in the plain language that truth requires.

J. A. A.

A Reply to Mr. Blake's Famous Speech on Orangeism.

Of no mun can it bo pronounced with cortaiiily how ho will act
under a complete change of circuniMtances, and no man haw wo
fully Houiidod the depths of his own nature that he can predict it
even of himself. We rememher who said, in his hui'st oi" indiifuunt
siticerity and outraged self-respect, " Is thy servant a dog that he
should do this thing," and yet, when the occasion served, he did
it. We recall Peter, too — his prospective selt-contidoiice, and his
terrible break down when the trial came. Even high-natui-cd
men have gone to great extremes in wi-otig iloing, when, under
pressure, they have once alloweil themselves to slide. Indeed, it
lias passed into a pi-overb that corrupfio ojitimi pessima est. Hence
I argue that things however seemingly impossible at ])resent or
in the future, but which weie the mei'cst commonplaces in the
past, may again be repeated ; for history teaches us that wo are
very much the playthings of ciicumstances, and that no man can
say with cei-tainty how he, much more how others, will nvt under
wholly changed conditions. Have we any guarantee then, that,
under no possible circumstances, could persecution rear again its
horrid crest? Are there everi lu) indications that a lack of
power alone prevents a revival of the old policy? Or have wo
not had sufficient warning, and good grounds for believing, that
the Arch-enemy of tho rights oi' conscience and of man has not
oidy not retracted one ancient claim, but has shown us that,
while lingering lovingly over tho past, ho contemplates hopefully
a revival of it in the future.

JJut, it may be replied, men can never be again tho brutes they
once were. And yet 1 know not what good gi-ounds thoi-e are tor
believing that human nature has undei-gone any essential change,
or that wo moderns are in inward structure vei-y dilfei-ent from
those wlio went before us. Only think what a beautiful urcam of
a noble and gentle soul was the Utopia of Sir Thomas More.
What generous sentiments breathe throughout it, and wiiat a
humane spirit was that of its saintly author — peace on earth and
goodwill towards men — and in the society of his friends, and, in
tho bosom of his refined and charming family, as he talked
sweetly and smilingly with ^jrasmus, when the angelic natui'o
was uppermost, who could have di-eamt what a slumbering
volcano of bigotry and cruelty and tier}- impatience of contradiction
was there, ready to burst forth into devastating hatred and
persecution, only coated over with the thin selt-doception of a
zeal for Christ, forgetting that ''The wrath of m:in worUelh not

■Mi

1-J

— 6—

the rit^hteousnorts of God." How coukl, I say, any one who had
read hiH boaiitif'iil picture of an ideal society not l)e KtrucU with
the thought of what a i^entle and philanthropic spirit tenanted
Kuch a bosom as his; and 3'et — for man is a kind of moral Centaur,
pail (lod and part Devil; in his lowest thoughts, motives, and
feelinj^s he comes near the liend ; hut rouse his liit^hest nature, and
a (lod, he battles 'i;-ainst a universe of wroim — this ])attei'n man,
in the very teeth of the express commands of Christ to the
contrary, was so dominateil by a pseiulo-christianity hardened
into a concrete ot sacerdotalism and tradition, which had
gradually supj)lanted the reliifion of Christ and Paul, that, though
HO ca])able of higher things, he had become at once u bitter
persecutor, and the ui'gent advocate of persecution. Such is the
warping influence of a false theory of i-eligion, illustrating the
old adage that rorru/iflo optinu pessinni est. Truly had Christ told
his disciples, when, in their untutored zeal for his bonoui', they
Avere for calling down tire from heaven to consutnc those who
rejected Him, '' You know not what manner of s])irit you are of:
the Son of Man is not come to destroy men's lives."

No, my readers; words spoken in the holiday attire of the soul
when we are at our best; or when we are on (jur guard; or wheu
s])oken for the purpose of plaeaiion, are not to be held to override
the actions that speak louder than words, especially when those
action*- are accompanicil by the cool declarations of tlie bad, steady
principles in which they originate.

And as J know what those actions have been, and what those
principles ever have been, aiid now are, not as Mi". Blake knows
them, from the convenient and ever shifting utterances of
unauthorised bisho|)s oi- underlings, how high soever, of the
church, but from the highesi authority, from veiy infallibility
itself, so is there a wide gulf which my soul refuses, betrause
unable, to ]>ass, that separates the splendid I'hetoric of Mr. Blake
from the inexorable logic of historic fact; and this, too, much and
often, as 1 say to myself, oh, tlnit 1 coukl jiass to the othei- side,
and believe as he would fain j)ersuade jne to. Vov could I but
believe what Mr. Blake's argument imi)lies to bo the verv heart
of Popery towards us heretics; could I believe that the Pope —
and the Pope is 7ioic Catholicism — has been converted into an
advocate, or even a convinced non-opponent, of freedom of
conscience, freedom of speech, and fi-ee instituticnts ; that he
regards persecution as a crime, and toleration of honestly main-
tJiined religious opinions as not only a human right, but a solemn
human duty; tiiat he abhors, as unchristian and demoniacal.
Inquisitions, and ttiifon dd fe, and the stake, and the rack, Jind all
the horrible and revolting enginery of a misguided and pitiless
past; and had won over to bis infallible opi:iion the cardinals and
bishops and priests and people of his church ; and would himself

..a"

who had
icU with
loiiiintcd
Con Urn I-,
ivt's, iiiul
lire, iitwl
ii'ii niati,
. to tlie
liirdcnod
ich had
L, though
ii bitter
•li is tiic
A'\\\^ the
ii'ist told
:nir, they
lo.so who
u are of:

the sold

or when

override

ion those

1(1, steady

lut those

\e Un(>ws

ances of

, of tho

dlibility

heeause

r. Blake

iieh and

101" side,

kl I but

y heart

Pope —

into an

Kloin of

that he

ly inain-

i solemn

iioniacal,

and all

pitiless

nals and

himself

— 7—

declare that henceforth men miiiht breathe freely, and face with
honest iniiuls the problem of the woikl, my heart would bound
with a jL^ioat joy; and whatever and however strani^e minlit be
tJK' reliijioiis (io^jmas of Catholics, however unlike the Christianity
of the New Testament, however contrary to my leason and
common sense, yet my soul would be ilrawn towards hint and
I hem by a boundless sympathy ; and my mind — no Ioniser troubled
about the future of oui- ])oor humanity — 1 could repose in peace,
iinvexed henceforth l)y dislractin;;; doubt and pity for my knid.

1 have been wont, however, I confess, jud^iii^ Jlomo by history
and her unchani;inij; declarations, to re^aul the Papal dcsjjotism
as the most insidious, constant, and daiiijerous enemy to honest,
independent thought, tree institutions, free speech, and freedom
of worship; but I am intormed by Mr. Jilake that I was wholly
mistaken, and that she has become, if she ever was otln^wise,
tolerant and harmless, and, if not the avowed friend, the op|>onent
no longer v)f freedom and political fair play.

Hut though 1 tlioui^ht in this way in regard to the system of
Popery, I did not believe that the mass of Catholic peoim-e shared
with their accredited teachers their ojiinions, or even believed
that they iield them at all ; but 1 feel that, in tho event of any
gieat opporturnty of I'eviving the old atattis of the Church of *ho
Middle Ages, of any great (to them) favorablo crisis in huinaii
affairs evor occurring, such as, say, some new revocation of the
Indict of Nantes, accompanied by the ])owor to bend others to their
will or to break them byit, Catholic laymen would have to choose be-
tween the tearful allernntiveof joiinng in a general crusade against
all who (littered from Jioine in (^pinion, and of using/o/re (and we
know what that means) to achieve their ends; or, else, of
al>andoning their church, which, in their opinion, would seem
almost, if not altogethei', ecpiivalent to tht r-bundonment of
Cbristiaiuty itself.

And though the best feelings of tho Catholic layman and of
many a priest and bisJioj) of that church, their sense of justice,
and their human pity would j-iso up instinctively against it, and
though the whole spirit and geiuus of Ciiristiardty is opposed to
it, yea, and the express commands of Christ, yet the church's
dictum would have, I fear, to be ca* ried into execution, and even
Kdward Blake would have to go or to recant, and many a gentle
Sir Thomas Moi-e to give in his adhesion, spite of all his Utopias.
For when once the demon of priestcraft has taken possession of a
man, when he is cock-sure (excuse the vulgarism) that he kn(nvs
intimately the whole counsels of the Deity, his plans and purposes
in all their details, that be is a Vice-({od on earth, the very
mouthpiece of the Kternal, the foundation is laid broad for blgotiy
and intolerance and cruelty, and when impatience of contradiction
and an imperious will — very human attributes — are added, persecu-
tion is almost certain to be the result. Again, look at Sir ThoraaH

*i)

-8—

More amons^ h'S chosen friends, what a ]M('tni'e does he not
present of hoautiful patiiarchnl aniialtility and att'eetion, and how
instinctively, as we heai- his name, do thc^se traits i-ise nj) in our
minds; yet such is tlie warping ellcct of this cock-surencss and
])riostly higotry, that this man conid l)o changed into the hitteresl
and most relentless pei'secntor of men whose opinions dilfered
from Ids own, and who dared to ntter, in hehalf ot hiuiianity,
what they holieve, and what Mr. Blake helieves, to he the ntost
j)recious ti-nths of God. 1 am afraid, indeed I am sure, Mr. Hlake
would not have escaped skin-whole, and that it would have heen
far hotter for him to ho among Orangemen at such a time. How
would he like the fiite of Sir Thomas llytton, hurnt -U the stake
loi' uttering honestly his helief, while Sir Thomas More (his
gentle nature soured and curdled bj' the acid of jjriestcralt) coidd
even mock at his sutferings, crying out, "And this, lo, is Sii-
Thomas llytton, the Devil's stinking martyr, of whose burning
Tyndale maketh boast." And when another was burnt to tleath
lor not holding the views of More, Mor • exclaims — foi- of
course he knew exactly everything about it — such is the
eHect of this beautiful cock-sureness — "The jtoor wretch
(Tewksbuiy) lieth now in hell. . .and Tyndale {i.e., tl;e translatoi"
of the Bible) if he do not amend in time, he is like to tind
him, when they come together, a hot lirebrand burning at
his back, that all the water in the woi'ld will not be jd)le to
(j[iiench." Why did not Infallibility, semjicr eadem, cry out against
all this monstrous ci-uelty and pitiless crime. Why did Mr. Blake's
new friend, the Pope, sit silent by or not silent, while all this was
going on. Has he oi* his successv>r (all iidiillible; .so that what-
KsViii- one has approved of, all approve of to the end of time) evei-
once lifted his voice against Inquis tions and heretic-buriungs and
iill the frightful wholesale murders of high-s(Mdcd men anil inno-
cent women and children, when one word from hhn would haoc stop-
■ped it lUl. And remember, the I'ope is a continuous pei-.soiialil>',
possessed of the same perpetual and inherent powei-sand thesanie
infall'bility^ so that what one utters authoritatively is equall}' the
utterance of all that come after him, and e(|ually binding a thou-
sand years hen '!e as it was 3esterday. It was a fatal gift — fatal
to the poor world and to the Pope himself in many ways — this
shirt of a Dejanira. But such is the sure result when poor, feeble,
finite man thrusts himself into the judgment-Swat of the Eternal.
Ho believes he knows the very heart of God, when he really
knows less than nothing. As it is vvi'itten, " 1 kept silence (and),
thou thoughtest 1 was altogether (such a one) as thyself." Even
when fulminating his anatliemas and persoi-uting to the death the
very heroes of humaiuty, be is cock-sure that he is doing right.
Like the poor blundering disciples in their foolish, heated over-
zeal, he would fain pluck up die tares from aujong the wheat;
but is rebuked b}- the emphatic command of Christ, " let them

( ho not
nnd how
lip ill our

>IU'HS jiiul
I hittorost
< (lilVcrod
lUinnnity,
till' ino^st
Mr. Blako
lavo heoli
10. I low
Iho sUiko
iloro (his
alt) could
lo, is Sir
3 burning
to doatli
H — for ol"
h is Iho
!• vvrotoh
translalor
lo liiid
jriiing at
)0 able to
ut a<;ainst
Blake's
this was
lat what-
iiic) ovor

nd inno-

lutoe sfop-

soualiiy,

thosanio

ually the

a lliou-

ift— fatal

vys — this

1', tbcbic,

Ktoriial.

10 roally

CO (and),

Kvcn

death the

iig right.

tod ovoi-

10 wheat ;

let thorn

both (tares and wheat) grow np to(jetJur till the harrest," " at tho
end of tho world," when "(Jod will solid his angels, who will sever
the evil from among the good," and no mistake he possible. Such
are every where in the New Tostamont the rebukes of the
persoouting spirit. But infallibility know nothing of all this —
worse than nothing of Ohrist and ("hristianit}'. And yet infalli-
bility says, I am the authoritative moiithpiooe of the Most High ;
and this, too, in spite of all tho world-wide misery, througliout
the ages, they have entailed on humanity. They thought that
God was altogether siioh as they wore. This tran«latiiig l)aok-
wards our thoughts into the thoughts of (Jod, and, so, tliinking
that he is as we are — aotiiatod by our motives, govornecl by our
princijilos — an I being oook-snre about the whole sj-stem and ends
of I'rovidenco — this infallibility, I say, is tho groat danger to the
world. This it is that changes the gentle Si'- Thomas Mores of
human nature into human tigers, this that has turned our fair
world into one huge Aceldama — a field of blood.

Coek-suroness, what crimes art thou not responsible for in this
world of ours.

It was the resolve to free themselves fr<)m man}' of the effects
of this cock-surenoss descending from the hierarchy down to tho
masses of the world, that Orangoism, in some form or other, is to
be assigned. Jhul there never been persecution, G"angeism
would never have been invented ; but in this, as in so many other
oases, necessity was the mother of invention. To tho uetormination
to deiend themselves, their wives and their little ones from blood
and torture, Orangoism owes its birth. To be prepared, a few
among many, to meet the foe, they had to band t'^gother in self-
defence. To know on whom they could depend, they had to form
themselves into a compact union, and, to make their union tho
more binding, they confirmed it by an oath of Loyalty to tho
(rovernmeiit, the Protestant religion, the Protestant succession,
and to one another (not in aggression but) in self-defence. It was,
say, a dangerous precedent, a desperate remod}-, but, then, they
were dangerous and desperate times. But it may be said, why
continue the institution? We live in milder days. The scliool-
mastor is abroad, and tho f()undations of belief are beginning to
bo bettor understood. Hvon Catholics are getting to be largely
imbued with the belief that it is wrong to persecute a man for an
honestly hold ojiinion.and bishops and priests sjieak, if falteringly
and guai'dedl}', of a mutual half-recognition of the rights of men
to their own fiiith, and, })orliaj)s, if the truth could bo fairly got
at, even the Pope ina}' have caught a glimmer of tho truth. For
is it so, that he must be always less than man.

But Orangemen think — and surely they are as much entitled to
their ojnnioiis as Mr. Blake is to his — that, so long as tho old
menacing altiliule is observed, and the old claims to universal
obedience pressed with tlio olden assurance and pertinacity, and

— 10 —

the infallibility of the-one-msin-power urged on the one luuid, and,
on the other, accepted with a uuiiiiiniity mihoard of in the history
of the church, the dani^cr Ih ever present, and the need of tluir
organization an ever abiding need. And though, personally, I
am not in favour ot secret societies, considering them dangerous
aw ^recndents even at their best, yet this is only my opinion, to
which L am entitletl only as much as they are to their's. Kvcn
Mr. Blake allows that secret societicH nuiy ])ossibly be, undtM*
special conilitions. a necessity. But he believes that there is
nothing now ii» the special conditions ot society that makes the
Orange (>»'ganization any thing but an intolei'able nuisance. But
that is only (he pi'ivato opinion of Mr. Blake, while Orangemen
take the opposite view. 1 myself, and 1 thiidi Orangon'^Mi, gener-
ally, t<\), would be glad to see \\A, secret societies dissolve tlicni-
Hclves, provided that the great secret oi-ganization, with its many
H'lb-organizations, of the Catholic Church dissolved itselftoo. But
they air afraid to expose themselves naked and iletcnceless, while
the other, with its secret hosts of Ultramontanes and Jesuits and
private conclaves of all kinds, with the priests ear at the confes-
sional drinking-in the secrets of all hearts, and his tongue thci'e
to whisper what advice he will, refuses to lay down his arms.
And are they not entitled to their o])ini()n ?

1 myself prefer what is open and above boaid. This is, right
or wrong, my speculative 0])inion. Fur better, 1 think, instil into
men's minds, and buikl them up in, the immutable principles of
everlasting right, antl, so, make luem strong in intellect i\u(l
charactei', that they may be able to stand tirm and undaunted, in
solid ])halanx, in defence of sacred right. When a whole peo2)le
'oarn these things, when they get imbedded in their moral
econoniy, and siiturate their daily thinking, then they aie invin-
cible, and need not toe aid of secret organizations. But when
one great overshadowing society, with iniuimerable mi nor societies
at her beck and call, is a vast standing menace, the tcmj)tation is
great to seize the weapon next to hand, and to use it as best ihey
can; not as the best thing, but as the best for them, they think,
'muer their present conditions. And for thinking so and foi-
acting on their principles, avowing no ill-will to any Catholic and
doing no injury to them or any one, are they to be politically
ostracised to suit the convenience of Mr. Blake ? 1 lately went to
see a suffering Roman Catholic and countryman, and as J sat by
his bedside, ]>ained at his pain, an Oi'angeman came in to see him,
and their greeting was as hearty, and theii" manner to each other
as mutually genial and neighbourly, as if they were actuated by
the same religious principles; and why should it not Ik^ so? VVhy
should not men think ditl'erently and vote differently, and yet be
good friends, and, in times of need, warm one nnctthcr by their
sympathy, and help with their means. 1 have a f<r// dear friend,
a Eoman Catholic, i have Roman Catholic relatives, and 1 think

— II —

liiind.and,
he history
d of tlu'ir
•soiiaily, I

lilMi;OIOll8

Utiiiion, to
•'h. lOvon
be, iiiidtM"
. iheio is
naUos tlio
IK'C. Jiul
I'ungcincii
oil, j;oiier-

)lvc tllOlll-
I ilK iri.'iny

too. Bill
loss, while
L'suits :iiid
he C'oiil'es-
^uo (liere

his aims.

s is, ri^ht

instil into

iK'ijilcs of

alleet and

autitod, in

jle people

MI" moial

are invin-

Bul when

r societies

|)tation is

best ihey

loy think,

aiul for
tholie and
tolitically
went to

1 sat by

see him,
ach other

laled by

K»? Why

\i\ yet bo

!iy their
ar ffieiid,
1 tiiink

they would not say that my atl'ection lo them or my interest in
their welfare was lessened, beeause they were Catholies. J am
not mysoif an Orangeman, nor have lever belonged to any secret
soeioty, but, as I am not seized of all possible wisdom, I allow
others to act for themselves. 1 am a free-li'ader, and may there-
tore bo considered to bo on the side of the party with which Mr.
niake acts, btit I am a free-trader down to my heels, convinced
and thorough-going, and farditlei'cnt Irom .Mi-. BlaUe, Ibr, when the
crisis cami, ho wavered uncertain and did his party great injury,
but I never wavered ibr an hour.

1 wish to bo understood, and must therefore say, 1 am no more
afraid ot Jloman 'J;i<!i0lics, if left fa thnnfU'lrcs, than ]\rr. iilaUe is;
but 1 am atraid of thosi/stem; for should the tocsin ever sound
thus, "If the Lord he God, follow him ; Init if IJaal, follow him,"
] should tremble for the residt, antici|>ating the feebleness of the
resistance ot the gentle Sir Thomas Mores of kucIi a day, lost, like
hitn, thoy might become the apologists for the new tyranny, and
seek out, as he did, texts ot 8cri})ture to extinguish |tily ami stifle
humanity and natural conscience, and so harden themselves to
their work.

And hole lot mo quote for Mr. Blake's consideration, the great
Knglish Puritan, one of the greatest ))arliamentariaiis and consti-
tutionalists that ever lived, and one ot the wisest and im^st tolerant
and far-seeing ot men, the great John J*ym. S])eaking in the
famous j)arliament of lt)40, he uttered these words: '* By thiw
means a dangerous party is cherished and increased, who are
ready to close with any opportunity of disturbing the j)eace and
safety of tho .Htute. Yet he did not desire any now laws against
P<.pery, or any rigorous courses in the execution of those already
in Jbrco ; he was far from seeking the ruin of their persons or
estates; only ho wished they might be kept in such a condition
as should I'ostrain Ihem from doing hurt. It may be objected that
there are moderate and discreet men amongst them, men of
estates, such as have un interest in the })cace and })rosperity of
the kingdom as well as we. These were not to be considered
according to their own disposition, hut (tccvnIiiKj to the nature of the
body whereof they are parties. The planets have several and par-
ticular motions of their own, yet are theyixW rapt and transjiortcd
into a contrary course by the .■^ujierior orb which ramprchends them
all.'" So, he adds, " the Pojie's command will move them aqainst
their own jirivate disposition, yen, against their own reason and
judgment, to obey him.''

Now this WHS the deliberate judgment of one of the coolest
brains in Kngland — ol a student of history and of man, who.
looking at his subject on all sides ot it, and weighing well every
I'act in ith every us))ect,<lrevv the only comliision he thought war-
ranted by (lie facts. And if this subtle and pdwerfiil athlete can
find no means of escaping tho toils of the retiarius, is it to be

— 12 —

wondei-ed at if a tew uninsti-uctod Orangemom feel Hometimes
iiuputiont and inclined to snap Iheii- fingers at it ail. But tlien,
Nemo mortaUuin omnibus horis sapit, even, possibly, Mr. Blake.

Was this conclusion oi the (^reat P^'ni the result of ancient pre-
judice ? Wo shall see presentlj'. Mr. (jiadstone lately published
a ])amphlet with the object mainly of proving that the late
Vatican decree of infallibilit}', and of the obligation of passive
submission in all things to the will of the Pontiff on the part of
every Catholic, had changed the whole aspect of Catholicism
towards the civil rulers of every country; and that " the world nt
largo. . .ai'o entitled on pureli/ civil (/rounds to exjjoct from lioman
Catliolics some declai-ation or manifestation of opinion, in i"e])ly
to that ecclesiastical ])a!ty in their church, who liave laid down,
in their name, principles adverse to the })urity and integrity of
civil government." He also showed that at the period when a
generous ])ublic wished 1<» grant Catholic Kmancipation, and when
some Pi'otestants, taUiiig these views of Mr. Pym, got alarmed,
" the eminent and able Bishop Doyle tlid not scruple to write as
follows:" ''We are taiinled with the proceedings of Popes.
What, m}' Lord, have we Calhohcs lo do with the proceedings of
Popes, or why should ice be made accountable for thejn i" Now
this might seem to lead to the infei'once that British Protestants
were by these re])resentations dcceivetl, or milled, and many of
them were, so, mi^ led as to uhat the doctrines of Catholicism
really were. But argues Lord Acton, a Catholic nobleman— this
you will see a little further on — they ought not to have been
misled b}' any private iiishop of the Catholic Church, for that
these were no ni'W doctrines, and that flie late Vatican Decrees
had not really altered the asj)ect of Catholicism towards the
world, [the}' had only brougiit out in boh'.er relief and emjjhasised
the 0^^/ doctrine] and that, Iheiei'ore, Mr. Gladstone (and we add,
Mr. Blake) ought to have been more dee])ly read in the true
history of the views and aims ot the church and of the Po])cs, and
that, so, neither he nor indeed any rightly educated Protestant
i,ught to have been so easily imi)osed on b}' the j)rivate opinionw
of Catholic prelates, or of any one else, when the whole full tides
of Catholicism ran the other way.

Now the question which Lord Acton had to answci- was, as
adoj)ted and expressed in his own letter, the following: " llow
shall we persuade the Protestants that we are not acting in
defiance of honour ati good faith if, having dc<'larod that infalli-
bility was not an article of oui- i'aitli, while we wei-e contending
for our rights, we should, now that ive have got what we wanted,
withdraw from our jtublic declaration, and aftirm the conlrarj'."

Lord Acton writes:

" Dear Mr. (Jladstor,e the doctrines against which you are

contending (//(/ /io/ HKoiN /r/^A the Vatican (^ouncil. i\{ the time
a: acn the Catholic oath was icpealed, the Pope had the same right

and

dcpo

I Hometimes
But tlieii.
•. Blake,
ancient pre-
ly publinhed
lilt the late
n of passive
the part ot
Catholicism
the world nt
I'om Itoman
on, in re])ly
3 laid down,
integ'rity of
I'iod when a
n, and when
;ot alai-nied,
to write as
I of Popes.
rK'.eetlin^s of
wi f" Now
Protestants
nd many of
iCatholicisin
email— this
have been
h, lor that
in Decrees
)\vards the
m])hasised
id we add,
I the true
Pojies, and
Pi'otestant
te o])inionH
e full tides

er was, as

11^: "How

acting- in

lal iiil'alli-

',011 tending'

ire iranted,

i.ary."

I'll you arc
llic liiiui
siiiiie r I (J lit

—13—

and power to excommunicate those who denied his authority to
depose princes that he possesses noic. The writers most esteemed
at Pome held that doctrine ;is <in article of faith ; a modern
Pontift'has affirmed that it cannot be abandoned without taint of
heresy, and that those who questioned and restricted his ardhority
in temporal matters, were icorsc than those that rejected it in
Sj^irituals, and accordingly men suffered death for this cause as

others did for blasphemy and atheism 1 will explain my

meaning by an example. A Pope Avho lived in Catholic times,
and who is famous in history as the authoi- of the first crusade,
decided that it is no murder to hill excommunicated persons.
This rule was incorporated in the Canon Law... It appears in
fij/'cr*/ reprint of the "Coi'pus Juris." It has been for 700 years,
and continues to he, part of the Kcciesiastical law. Fai* from
having been a dead letter, it obtained a new application in the days
of the Inquisition Pius V., tlie only Pope who had been pro-
claimed a saint for many centui-ies, having dcjirived Klizabeth,
commissioned an assassin to take her life ; ami his next successor,
on learning that the Protestants were being massacred in Pi ance,
pronounced the action (/lorioiis and holy, but comparatively bai-rcn
of results; and implored the king, during two months, by his
nuncio and his legato, to carry the work on to the bitter end,
until* every Huguenot had recanted or perished." In short, he
argues that Pi'otestants oiujht not to have been misled by Bishop
Doyle or any one else.

But why quote more, and worse, of what is utterly sickening,
and which degrades Christianity into literal Thugism. If this
had been wrif^cn by an Orangeman, half the world would cry
'shame,' and would feel bound to ]»rotest against it as an insult
and most disgraceful caricature.

* But Lord Acton thinks (and I think) that " there has been, and I believe
there still is, some exaggeration in the idea men form of the agreement in
thought and deed which authority can accomplish. As far as decrees,
censures, and persecution could commit the Court of Rome, it was com-
mitted to the denial of the Copernican system." Such is his statemeut. It
is, indeed, true, as this Catholic nobleman shows, that such is the inconsistency
or inconsequence of the human mind, that there is always a wide difference
between the theory men dare avow and the deeds they dare not practise ;
or, to use his own words, " some exaggeration in the idea men form of the
agreement in thought and deed which authority can accomplish." Still, as
so much has been accomplished in the past, we prefer not to depend for our
safely on the inconsequence of the human mind, which might fail us at an
awkward moment ; but to look rather to the general prevalence of a whole-
some public opinion, and to the consistency of a mind, which, knowing some-
thing of the laws which govern mind, believes and openly avows, that all
persecution for '^pinion-sake is unchristian, irrational, and inhuman. Incon-
sistency seems such a poor staff for hicn to lean on for their lijies, yet it is the
best that Lord Acton has to offer. How easy for the I'ope to decree us a
higher assurance, if only he would ' If not, we have thtise still to look to —
the poor human inconse(]uence tliat half-way halts between thought and
action, and our own resolve to take and enjoy what of right is ours, whether
conceded to us or not.

-14-

But if Mr. Gladstone has been justly rebuked for his want oi"
historic knowledge of the old patent facts of Popery, wh.at are we
to think of Ml". Bhike, who quotes the utterances of some bishops
and others, wheii the voice of the church wa.- emphatic to the
contrary. When inconvenient to them the modern Dr. Doyles,
like the old, will be held cheap enough, and as casilj' pushed to
the wall. Yet the statement is not mine, nor that of an}' Protestant ,
but the statement of an able and well-read Catholic nobleman.

Now, what, compared with this, is our little Orange aitair, even
(t«ay) with its ascendancy, and colours, and i-egalia? Is there
not in it much to justify the utmost extravagance imputed to tlu*
most extreme Orangeman in his most excited moments? Hut 1
believe there are millions of Catholic ^>6'o/y/<^ who repudiate these
docti'ines of ecclesiastics, and I cannot helj) hoping that the
enlightenment which is gaining ground, the advanced statesman-
ship of the age, the ])ity of the human heart, the sense of justice
that is born with us, the growing knowledge of the foundations of
belief, the principles of toleration inculcated by Christ and by all
the good and wise of every age, and the public conscience of
Christendom, will nresent such a moral inertia of resistence to
this mad lever-movement of Kcclesiasticism, as will save the world
I'rom the worst evil that cau befall it — a government of priests.
Do they iniagine at Ivoinc that the world is a toy for them to])lay
with? Do ecclesiastics forget that for evoking such a s])irit the
world would hold them lespoiisible ? that they would not be those
who would sutler least or last? that reprisals and fearful venge-
ance would take the |)lace of law and peace? and that society
itself must cease to exist, were their theories to be reduced to
naked ])ractice?

Are we to believe that (lod has handed over mankind, tied hand
and foot, absolutely, unresei-vedly, for their belief and their
conduct, their ])()litical institutions, and social and domestic
arrangements, for tlieii- literature and their science — for it comes
to that — to one man of a succession of men, some of whom were,
acknowledgedly, foolish men, some indifferently good, and some
bad men.

Certainly, Mr. Blake, I cannot help thinking that the Orange
society is as well entitled to incorpoi'ation and to b(! allowed to
hold property, as the bisho])s and priests of a society holding the
dogmas and governed by ihe principles unblushingly avowed, as
above. Do you 3'et say, No ?

1 am not in favour of Orangemen playing party and offensive
tunes. 1 consider thenx not only in bad taste, but wholly wroug;
but these and such things are only accidentals and not essentials
of the organization, and will, 1 hope, be discontinued : but when
they celebrates among themselves ' the JJattle of the Hoyne;' when
the}' talk of the brave <)eeds, and enduring fortitude, and
resolute courage, and unllinching liiith of the men, often their

• his want ol'
wliut urc we
iome bi whops
»hatic to the
Dv. Doyles,
I}' pushed tf)
y Protestant,
oblemun.

e alt'air, even
I? is there
])uted to th(*
intH? Hut 1
tudiate these
ng that the
d statesman-
ISO of justice
•undations of
st and by all
onseience of
I'esistence to
ive the world
\t of priests,
tliem to play

a spirit the
not be those

irfiil venge-
lat sDciety
reduced to

d, tied hand
and their
d doniestic
or it comes
wliom were,
J, and some

the Orange
allowed to
lolding the
avowed, as

nd ort'ensive
)lly wrong ;

•t essentials
but when

yne;' when

titude, and
often tiieir

mis-
direct forefathers, who fought for their pi'inciples in that
bloody Hglit, it is not in human nature for them not to feel
the elation of the hour. It was a conflict pregnant witli big con-
se([uencos to them and to the world. But here 1 must go back a
little.

The wai's of religion (ically of theology) in Franco and
(Jerinan}-, the Massacre of St. Bailholomow, the Mai'ian persecu-
tion in Kngland, the wholesale slaugiitei- paying off old scores,
not a few in Ireland, had led Protestants to believe that public
security was compatible only with Catholic disability to hurt.
Catholics, on the other hanii, suttering in various ways, believed
that their only hope lay in victory and James; while the Pro-
testants looked to William of Orange for relief from the despotism
and cruelt}' of James and JettVoys. Hearts and hopes beat high
on both sides; while, shrouded in the darkness of the uncertain
future, arose before the perturbed spirit many a spectre of possible
despair. And when the battle was won — a battle whicli, had it
gone against us, might possibly have reversed the whole course
of Knglish history and the very currents of the world — is it any
wonder that the memory of it should have burnt itself into the
hearts ami brains of the descendants of those who had risked life
and all things on the issue of that fight? ^No: it is one of those
things that men never can, and never ought to, be expected to
I'orget.

And with what results to Catholics to-day 1 We have flung our
lears to the wind, stripped ourselves of every special safeguard of
the constitution, and ventured all on the o])en ocean of pi il and
the future, lor the sake of putting every Catholic on a full looting
of c(|ualily n'ith ourselves. The seed sown then has grow ri into
a tii'c of iibci'ty ibr all, flowering and fruiting lor Protestant and
('atiiolic alike. So that, as an outcome of the whole, Catholics
may listen, without much discomposure, to the victory of the
Boync: and Orangemen, without being what Mr. Blake's rhetoric
represents them to be, may be allowed their thankfulness and
their tiiumph. Scill their triumph will, 1 hope, be tempered with
that motlesty of demeanor which sits so well on the truly manful
soul.

The Pope, like Mr. Blake, has no liking for Orangemen, and
for 11k same reason, that Oi'ani;emen oppose them both; and the
l*o]ji' to-day is as anxious and troubled about free-masons, as Mr.
Hlake is ab(»ut Orangemen. The Pope is, indeed, opposed to all
secret socielies, and, therefore, institutes the greatest the world
has ever known — the new " Universal ('atholic League," which is
to ''absoi'b all existing associations, such as Catholic clubs, Militia
of.Ious Christ and the like," with " its centre in Eome," and its
lingers in ever}' man's aliairs. Were this league, howevei', to be
dissolved to-morrow, or even to be non-existent, my reasoning, on
grounds wlioll}' indejjendent o!' tliis, would not be in tlie least

— 16—

dogrco nhakon. But in the presence of thin vivid, giifaiuie, all
i-ainilying woeret society, how pales and dwarfs Lius little associa-
tion of Orangemen.

To give some idea of the objects of the League and of tiie
scheme of its organization, I shall present the I'eader with sonic
extracts rosi»ccting it fi-om the London (Kngland) D v'ly Nfics:

1. " The centre ot the League shall ho at Rome.

2. The general presidence of the League shall reside in the
Vatican, and, with it, the })ersonnel of a general sectarial hoard.

5. The office of a general presidence shall have seven directions,
each with a head division, and with secretaries.

Division first — Union of Catholic jurists; second, Catholic
vi^orkingmen's societies; third, centi'al committees; fourth, Catholic
regions ; fifth, diocesan functionai'ies ; sixth, genei-al depot ;
seventh, academic committee for the union of the learned in the
scientific eiforts of Catholicism.

The League shall Jiave for its objects:

1. The defence of right and freeclom in face of the laws restrict-
ing the churcii and the Pope. The restoration of the temporal
power, of which the Pope has been despoiled in violation of the
rights of the Holy see and Christianity — a i-estoration to he
cti'ected in the sight of justice, human and divine.

2. To expound and demonstrate the dangers of liberty falsely
so-called.

3. To combat individualism.

6. To countermine the press.

9. To re-unite all the forces of civilized society, its intelligence
and its material resources, for the benefit of the holy cause.

10. To institue a central press for the j-eception aiKldisti-ibution
of communications to all Catholic journalism.

11. To institute popular schools for technical instruction; to
institute Catholic libraries, banks for the immediate advance of
money, mixed clubs of the noblesse and bourgeoisie, directing
clubs for tfie active agents of the League, workman's aid
societies.

13. To effect the coalition of the noblesse and the clergy in the
grand struggle for the freedom and ultimate empire of the church ;
to (consolidate the union of the clergy with the bishojis, and of the
bishops with the Pope, "All for One anil One for All.''

14. Pecuniary lai-gess and foi-nuition of the bonds of fellowship
between the several cities, communes, boroughs, and ])er.sons, for
the maintenance of the directing missionary ])ri(!sts, and foi* pro-
moting hai'mony of the means of action.

15. Establishment of telegraphic, bureaus in the great centres
in correspondence with the central one at the Vatican, lor the con-
curi'ence of all the Catholic forces in union."

The real objects, however, may be reduced to the one of Article
3 — 'to combat individualism.' Yaa, that ii is against which has

m
(Ii
hi
cii

ifii^jiniic, nil
iltlo jiHsocia-

iiiul of llio
I' with soiuc
uhj Nv.ics:

isiilo ill tiie
tiirini Itoaid.
n diroc'tioiis,

id, Cjitholic
I'tli, Cutholic
jrul depot ;
I'ucd in tl)e

!i\vs ro.strict-
bo temporal
itioii of the
atioii to be

erty iiilsely

intelligence

eiUirte,

distribution

rnc'lion ; to
advanee of
3, ilirocting-
aiian'.s aiil

cMgy in the
le fhiii'ch ;
and of the

fellowship

)cr.son(>, for

1 for pro-

at centres
or the con-

of Article
which has

—17—

been directed from the infancy of the world, the enginery of all
the despots, political and religious, the world has over soon — to
grind down, in their mill, the man ; to fuse him into the mass;
not indeed to destroy his thinking powers, but t« index the
direction they I'v.'O to take, the groove thoy are to run in ; to comb
him down and sleekly discipline him to the servico of ecclesiasti
cism ; to rob him of the brain that nature has given him, and to
give him one dipped and pared to the pleasure of the Pope; and,
by stinting and stunting, to i-educe the stalwart limbs, aiui so force
some grand Copernicus into the biceches of a dwarf. And poor
Galileo 1 This man, of a free, bold intellect, had embraced tho
doctrine of a central sun and a rotatory world. This was theji a
frightful heresy. Summoned to Home, and tho terrors of the In-
<luisi(ion brought to bear on him — and ho knew well what thoy
meant — tho poor, terrified soul of him, humbled and broken,
uttered this shameful lie: 'With a sincei'o heart and unloigned
faith, I abjure, curse, and detent tho said errors and heresies.' Ilad
ho not learned with a vengeance what 'combating individualism'
meant? And is it to bo wondered at, if Orangemen have some
rej)ugnanco to this system of de-individualization ?

Article 13 simply means that, in this crusade against tho
liberties of mankind, ' the noblesse and the clei-gy,' tho Aristocrats
and Ecclesiastics the world over, are to unite their forces— a new
nineteenth century oligarchy of the two great castes of tho world
to bend their efforts to achieve for tho now age what thoy had
ctlected so happily for the old ; to issue, as it did befoi'o, in tho
darkness of a night of centuries, in priestcraft and indulgences, in
inquisitions and autos-da-fe; to react again in the volcanic lorrors
of French devolutions — the final outcome of the outraged feelings,
tho inhuman miseries, and the insulted rights of mankind, No;
wo want no little Churchics with their fingers in our British pie.
iSland olf, gentloinon, your meddling has never been for good to
us — or to any.

And for this 'holy cause' (Art. 9) is invoked tho union of all
the forces of civilized society, its intelligence, and its ' material
resources.' Korowarned is forearmed — said to be. Material
resources, mark ! Yes, that sounds like business, and has a new-
old ugly look about it, and summons u]) no very pleasant pictures
of the past — of Albigensos. and Waldonses, and St. Dominies, and
Philips of Spain, and Dukes of Alva, and dark deeds of horror
whicli ring through history with a wailing an<l a warning sound.
And if Orangemen read ot these things, and put two and two
together, is it any wonder if they are not, iit all times, very calm.
They are men, what wonder if only men. And men cannot
always be as impassive as — to make a dash ac it — as other men
may require them to be.

1 have ever shewn myself the friend of Catholics; but of
Catholicism I am no friond, 1 consider it » religion in clear and

1T7P

definite opposition alike to the (ouc'hiii,i;of'Chi"iHtan<l to the reuKon
of man ; out I can feel for and with (he honcHt (-atholic. I can
look at thin^H from hiH Klan(l])oiiit. feel the rock inj^s of his emo-
tions, *ho tremblings ol" his heart. How could 1 he intolereP* or
unfeelinjL? toward liim. I say to myself, and Orangemen tliiid<
the same, h'' was horn to his creed like most of ns; naoulded and
kneaded in soft childhood to a fixed mental cast, which became
indurated with mnidiood and advancinif years, till (he twist of
culture became (he set of bi-ain.

Protestanis and Catholics are alike men, and that they differ in
V opinion can scarcely be a rcnson why (hoy should nuirtler or
injui'o or hate one another. "The wrath of man worketh not the
righieousness of (lod, "while thecommand, " be pitiful," is loooflon
overlooked. Yet controversies ouf^ht to <fo on. Mow can I, if
there be any good in me, see my neighbour ])ossesscd of an
opini(,i> injui'ious to himself or to society, wi(hout trying to instil
a bettei'. 1 dm ' my brother's keepci-,' and he is mine. And I
honour ('alholics and Pi-otestants and all, who, believing that
they possess an ennobling i'eii, ai-e /.ealous to propagate it. And
J never met an Orangeman who withheld his sympathy from such
a view. I am not angry with the Pope oi' his subordinates for
their U. C. League. Knowing, as they do, no better, they give
us the best they can. Thinking that the enthralment of the
intellect is for good of the soul, ihey give us the decrees of Trent,
with the anathemas affixed to idaim us; and, half (u- whole-con-
vinced that they alone know all things, feel tliemselves quite coni-
j)etent to undertake the cdtication of the world.

This we Pj'otestants dispute. We do 7iot think them competent.
Wo think that in the j)ast they have shewn themselves to bo
failures; that they have roti-ogrjided in religion from the Chris-
tianity of Christ ; that their philosophy, tethered to theology,
rendered the darkness darker still; that tbeii- discipline was jioi
such as to make us long t()r its recui'rence; and that in science
they mjulc an awful mess ■ fit.

in the progiammo oi' thr future, too, so far as the system is con-
cerned, we discover few iniiications of amendment. lioma semper
eadem seems shining through ever}- line and ringing in every
sentence. What individual Orangemen may think I am not in a
position to leain ; but t do know that as a body — and glowingly
too — thi'i) do not wish to injure in person or estate, or to curtail the
ri<jhts of, any Catholic. Eut Orangemen do, 1 think, fear, uol that
Catholics Would injuie them, but that the doctrines of the churdi
are such, that, if a time should come when it would be no longer
unsafe or inexpedient oi- startling to the general mind to avow it,
the leaders of Catiiolicism might revert to the old policy of perse-
cution, wi'h a vievv to force Piotestants within the fold, an<l thus
render the world once again a field of b'ood. They liope, tliey
hope ardently, t'lat tlii> day miiy nevei" come; but they wish, so

to the reason
liolic. I can
;» of his eino-
iiitolei'cii* or
foiiu'n lliink
nioiildod and
,'hich l)ccan»o
the twisl; uf

Lhcy (littt'i- in
i nuirtlor or
•kolh not tho
," is loool'tcn
low can I, if
scssctl of an
yini;' to instil
nine. And I
L'lievin^ that
^ato it. And
liyfrom such
ordinatcs for
Lcr, tlioy give
linent of the
i-ees of Tient,
[or whole-con-
es quite com-

m competent-
iiselves to ije
<m the Chris-

to theology,
ine was not

at in science

ii/stem is con-

fioma semper

wif in every

am not in a

id giowingl}'

to curtail the

fear, not that

f the church

)e no longer

i lo jivow it,

ic}' of perso-

»1(1, and thus

y hope, they

liey w

ish, so

—19—

far as their little orpmization is concerned, to meet it not wholly
unprepared ; and, with all their faults anti intirmities (and they
have hcen and ai'c many. Mr. HIako seems to think them «)t
liiulls and vices all compact), they are men of stout heart and
stea<ly i-esolution, who, like Ciomwell's immortal Ironsides, would
never disaj)|)oint the geneial that hid them to (he fray, and who
nught, in any ci-isis, become the nucleus round which coidd rally,
in (letence of civil and i-eligious liberty, (he hosts, not of Protes-
tantism, oidy, hut even oi' |)rotesting Catholics — tor there are
millions of such— Catholics who would (ell tlie ecclesiastics (hat
hel()re they weie Catholics they were men; that liberty was a
lH)on (00 ])recious (o be parted with foi' theoretic considerations;
and that no man ought to be forced (o lie to his conscience, or say
(hat what he believed no(, he believed.

But while we learn that a gi"ea(, organized corj)ora(ion, with its
liead<iuarl<'rs iit (he Vadcan, and its ramifications throughout the
civilized world ; with its devo((Ml missioiuiries in every city and
town and village of the land, and of every land; with its keen
and discipline I sj)irits lo direct its movem; nts to the one common
end of ])Utting everything at the feet of Komo — our religion, our
institutions, oui' civilization, oui' liberties, and our laws, and of
planing down all the divei'sities of intellect, sentiment, and aspi-
ration (o the one dead level of unifoi-mit}-, to the destruction ofall
thought not in harmony with the thought of one man in Rome —
one man who, sitting in the centi-al office of the world, sends his
mandates through a thousand wires to tell us what to do and how
to think; — is Pioteslantism to sit b}' with folded arms icalting to
be devoured ? This is the question, 1 sujjpose, that Orangemen
ask themselves. And how can they avoid this feeling of uneasi-
ness ? In one way only, — by an authoritative declaration of a
com])lete reversal of the whole secular policy of Rome! His
Holiness is at liberty (o call us schisma(ics, heretics, disturbers of
the peace of the church, ' the (ares' of Chris(endom, and the ene-
mies of religion ; ho may assail our common Protes(an(ism by
every weapon in the armory of the Vatican, wiekled by all the
ablest and most ])ractised officers of his church, if he will only
pronounce it ex Cathedra as a principle, (hat no man ought to enfoi-ce
religion by physical jjcnalties, and that all ])ersecution of every
kind foi- theological o])inions is immoral and inhuman. Then only
will (here exist any solid ground for peace.

But, to return. A principal object contemplated by this ' U. C.
Liiague ' is 'the i-estoiation of the temporal power' of the Pope
(Art 1). That is, he is to be forced by the bayonets of foreignei's,
by whom he is littU' known, upon the people of Rome, who know
him weLl—\\\\<) know him so well that they don't want him;
indeed, want anything rather than /w;/t. Would this be just or
patriotic? How should we in Canatla like to have a government
forced (;n M^ by foreigners ? The pcojde of Rome are Catholics.

—20 —

Rome i'or a tlKHisaud veaiH Iijis boi'n the very focus and head-
(jUiiitris ofCiUliolicisM ; and yet (lie whole combined teaching of
i'oj»e, and Pricstn, r.nd Jesuitw, Iuih not l)een able to reconcile the
liomans to the govoinment of the I'ojie. Has this no lesson foi-
Catholics? Whereas (iaribaldi, without ancient i)reslige, with
nothiniJj to recommend him bill his brave naked soul, his disinter-
estedness, and liis tinth, is u name of magic, loved and albbut
worsiMpped there. Aad he lives to-day tiik fhiend of man;
while Ivome, in tlr^ eccesiastical sense, is tiie moral solecism of
this nineteenth eenturv, ami a standing menace to tlie world.

Jn the famous Syllabus and p]ncyclicals of the late Popes, all
are condemned 'who maintain the Ubertu of the press,' '^ oi c(jn-
science,' ^ of worship,' ^ oi' speeeh,\ ., .ov ^ ihiii tlie ehuirh may not
en))>loy /ore*.','. . . .or that the Roman Pont ilV ought to come to
terms with. . .moJern civili.mti.on,' .... or thai in 'countries
called Catholic the free exercise of tbeii- (Protestants) i-eligicms
may laudabl}' be alloweV (see Mr. (rlitdstone's ' Kx[)ostulation ').
Now, if the.-e doctrines df the Popedom aie to come into practice
— and the lope seev^stcrrihly in earnest — we have come to this ])ass,
that either civil govornnicnt will be broughl to a dead-lock, or
that the swo'-d will have to bedrawnin del'enceof human liberties
and rights. \)us.'< he want, or does lie not want, a return of the
ha])p3- times; when a Pop;* of Home may put the Kingdom of
England, the Jiepubdc of the United States, and the Empi:'e of
Russia uniler the leiiors and confusion of an Interdict '? — a return
to times when men's sense of right — for you may educate or de-
educate a man lo almost an3'tbiiig — will \n\ so perverted that the
moslappaling crimes, if committed by the clenjy and ti-ied by the
ordinary tribunals of law and justice, will liorrify the nund
ecclesiastical? — a retui-n to (he timcM of Becket? 'Then' — 1
quote from the historian Frt)ude — 'then,' say Ik^dcet's des]>airing
biograi)hers, ' was seen the mournful spectacle of priests and
deacons, who had committed miii'der, manslaughter, theft, robbery,
and otlier crimes, carried in carls belore the King's commissioners
and punished as if they had been ordinary men ! ' To us this
reads as if they had bi'en enjoying liie dioUery of the thing! but
no, this was their selemn belief. As if theij had been ordinary men!
Truly may it be said that man is the creature of his circumstances,
when that featherless bi[)ed ciin be reduced to think like this !
Yet to us it seems a climax of pervertibility hardly i-eachal)le by
an^- mortal. Hut not so; the churchman-mind is not governed by
orclinary rules. He has a little world and an ideal of his own ; and he
dwells and drcauis apart; and he docs some wonderful feats of thinking;
and he looks at this, his uiicrocosui, so long and so lovingly, and it is so
near to hiui, and the big world of life and reality and other men so far
away, that the one looms up before him bigger and bigger as he looks,
and the other fades into the far off, until the mighty Suius, in the dis-
tance, is no i)igger than a speck. And wliat cares he for your argu-

(

V',

» and head-

teui'liinfX *^l
sconcile tlic
• lesson for
'sti<rc, with
luH (liHintor-
and iill-l)ut
Jl> OF man;
solecism ul'
woild.
e Popes, all
ss,' ' of con-
Ax may not
to como to
1 ' comitrios
Ls) I'cligionH
)st Illation ').
into practice
to this ])ass,
lead-lock, or
lan lihortios
3tiirn of the
lvin_i;-dom of
.'. Einpi-e of
f — a return
icate or de-
ed that the
ried lij the
ihe mind
Then '—I
s desj)airinif
])riests and
eft, rohljei-y,
iiinissioners
To us this
thin<f! bill
•(Unary men !
ciimstunces,
like Ihis !
eachal)le by
:;t)verned by
own ; and he
of thinking;
, and it ia so
r men so far
as he looks,
s, in the dis-
!• your argu-

■jt

— 21—

nienta, and science, and facts ? They do not belouj; to his world.
BesidcH, he has a faith-uiunstruuui of his own— a universal celestial
solvent — by which he can melt down the hardest facts in the universe,
and thus mould and shape them to tit any theory he adopts. And this
practice of mental legerdemain keeps growing into a habit of universal
perversion, until, at last, the world becomes so topsy-turvied that things
stand in reversed order to his uiind ; and hence he thinks, without a
consciousness of its absurdity, how ' mournfid a spectacle ' it is, that
judges should punish ecclesiastics for crimes ' as if they were ordinary
men.' No : wc should have an imjxrium in inijterio for our nnn-dur-
comuiitting ,si///i/« — an exceptional rule lor the demigods of humanity,
in whose veins forever cour.scs the ichor of the gods. But what stupid
louts our Orangemen, that they cannot recognize tliis beauty of the
coming age ! Why, Sir, such men see little to be gratefid Ibr in the
goings on of Pope's Legates in the good old times, when a minister of
Rome could say (King John, Act v., scene i.) :

• It was my breath that blew this temp';st up,
Upon your stubborn usage of the J'ope :
]3ut, since you are a gentle convertite,
My tongue shall hush again this storm of war,
And make fair weather in your blustering land."

And so they blew the tempest up or made fair weather, to suit the
whim or interest of Rome, and make or mar the weH'are of the world.
Speak I thus to wound? Nothing can be further from uiy thoughts,
But I wish to warn, where I think the danger demands it. There are
so many Catholics — many of them old friends — whom willingly I
would uot oft'end. But, if there be any manhood in me, T uiust speak
out freely what I think (what they do not believe), that their great
leaders hold these views, and are pushing things to all extremities.
Catholic laymen and the better-informed and more liberal of their
teachers ought to make themselves heard belbre it is too late. But,
happen what will, a good dose of truth is good for all men; and, if
what I write be false, no one will be more pleased than I shall be to
see it proved so. If true, they can come over to my side, '^^hey are
not bound to this Catholicism as to a profession or trade which they
liave learned and cannot give up to take another. If I have anything
to impart, I am bound to impart it ; emasculated thought is no proper
thought at all. I know that GatkoUcs do not realize the consequences to
mankind of the theories of Rome. They accept things as they are,
without thinking very much about them in a questioning way. It is
the religion of their parents and their grandparents, and their earliest
and strongest and gentlest sentiments of awe and reverence twine
themselves round it.

But they read little of church history, and know not that widespread
ignorance, and superstition, and ambition, and intrigue, and false doc-
trine, and a foolishness and ehildishness unimaginable of teachers and
of taught, stamp nearly every chapter of the history of the church.

It is true that, in past uncivilized times, when emerging slowly out

, I

—22—

oftlu! daikncHH and iniscnncoptionH of the ajjes, Prntostaiits persecuted
(/iitliolics, and CatliolicH Protectants. But now, wluTever the En,Lrli^h
hiiijiuajjre h spoken, Protestants luive prochiiintd all j)ersecution lor
relij^iou's sake, in practice and in prineipli', immoral and irrelij^ious.
To force a man to profess what he does not believe, we re^^ard as <^ro-
tesque and horrible. This is of the very essence of our mode of
thinking- -fln intctjral portion of our Protestant faith ami of our
Protestant selves. Whatever ditttjreneos amonj; us may exist, there is
no difference here. To this we have <rrown irreversibly under the
tuition of a common Protestantism. Through the study of the New
Testament and of the laws of miiul, Christianity is now better under-

Ht/Ood.

But can the same be said of Catholicism? Has this, too, been
rising out of the slough of the past ? Has the teaching of the Ages
impressed the same les.son on the Church of Rome? Now, that tliat
lesson has never bi'cn learned there, is what fills the minds of l*ro-
testants with a feeling of insecurity ; and tiiis feeling tiie late decree
re-inve'ling infallibility in one man. tlit; making absolute submission
to tile olWeial utterances of the Pope the duty ol all Catholics, and (lie
existence of a new ' Universal Catholic Iveaguo ' (though that is of less
consequence), having for its end the aniiihiliition of all individualism
and of the free play of tiie hunum faculties, have tended largely to
augment.

Is tho Protestant mind, as Mr. Blake thinks, alarming itself need-
les.sly '/ When in Spain, an archliisho)) commands the people to vote for
no one who tolerates the heretical doctrine of liberty of speech or liberty
of worship, and this (he says) because the Pope commands it ; and when
lie and his sul)ordinates try to gag the press and so strangle in its cradle
tiiis Hercules of our liberties, what are we to infer ? And then compare
the men of that magnificent country, now j)lunged in half-anarchy and
whole ignorance, with the same country under its Moorish ruhjrs,
holding up tiie beacon-lights of learning and science to a dark and dis-
tracted age.

And the horrible delu.sion that, by destroying (lod's creatures men
were honouring God, is all the more strange, when it is considered that
the author of Christianity had not only rebuked all persecution, but
had laid down tfie broadest principles of universal toleration. This, is
tiic creed of every genuine Orangeman, I never met one who did not
think so. Indeed even the common-sense proverb, ^'offensa Diis Deorum
cura," offences against the Gods are the (iods' affair, (which may
be paraphrased thus : crimes against mati are man's concern ; the ( Jods
are competent to guard the rights of Gods), might have taught us
belter here. But the currents ran strong the other way, and Christi-
anity was overborne in the sweep and rush of other things.

Mr. Blake is a distinguished orator and aide special-pleader. This
power I do not desire to undervalue. Give him his data and his cause
to argue — let him hold his brief, and no man can do his work with
gn^ater zeal and forensic ability. But nmch as I value this his great

an(

i IHTHOCUtOfl

tlu! Kiij;lif<h
wcution tor
irrcli}j;i()Urt.
>;aid as gro-
Lir mode of
and of our
ist, there i.s
r under the
of tlie New
Litter uiider-

H, too, been
A' the A;i;eH
V, thiit that
ids of Pro-
late dectree
Huhmission
ies. and tlie
uit i.s of less
idividualisni
1 lar<i;ely to

itself need-
e to vote for
■h or liberty

and when
n its eradle

n coiniiare
.narehy and

sh ruKjrs,

k and dis-

itures men
dered that

cution, but
This, is

10 did not
I's Deoruin

which may
the (iods
taught us

nd Christi-

er. This

lis cause

work witli

his great

—23—

andbcnutifnl ^ift of speech antl logic — few \.»lue it more — yet I prize
as far higher the mind tliat can select his data for himself — who can
say, because of his ptissession of strong common-sense and clear insight,
this is the cause of truth and right, and who is thereby enabled to pick
liis steps in life through the embarrassments which beset the path of the
mere ciusuist and logician. It is the most valuabh) of all gifts — the
possession of that moral magnetism that, in spite of all seeming
casuistry, keeps the mind pointing ever in the true direction, so that
wo can turn the helm accordingly, and, so, navigate the sea ot life with
safety to ourselves and others. It is that to which Christ appeals
wiien he says, "Why even of yourselves judge ye not what is right."
(See also Matth. xv, 10 to 20.) : '* Ye have eyes but ye see not."
'• My sheep hear my voice." " But they know not the voice of
strangers." It is this gift of the sifting ear, of the seeing eye, that is
tho highest possession of a humaH eaeature, and not the powea of argu-
ment in support of any dogma or cause backed by the power of speech
to make wrong, perhaps, appear the better rea.son. This grand power
of speech and of the pen is a mighty engine tor good, but may become
also an equally potenc engine for evil. But it is only an. engine. The
dear insight of the pure soul and true mind is the power that works
the engine for good ; and, in comparison with it, all the rest " mere
leather and prunella."

Still I have not been wont to impute to Mr. iilake a want of discern-
ment when allowing his mind to act w'tli its own spontaneity; and yet
I cannot help the thought, that, throughout his whole speech, otiier
feelings and interests than those born of reason and unbiassed judgment
have swayed the great magician, and — though I ilare not allirm what
I do not know — that •' passion's host that never brooked control ;" per-
sonal ambition, and the con^.^quent natural repugnance to the Orange
society, an overwhelming majority of whoui (at least in Ontario)
always sided with the Conservative party against him, havo blinded him
HO far, and so governed him in hi. decision, that he became incapable
of looking at the question fairly as between Orangemen and the
Catholic party ; and that his speech was therefore largely that of an
advocate and special pleader rather than of the judge holding the
balance e(jually between them. Indeed, his speech, in its general drift
and spirit, was a pro-Catholic, as much as it was an anti-Orange, one ;
and, though I dare not allirm positively that it is so, yet it certainly
looks very like a bid for the Catholic vote. How otherwise can I
explain the fact that Mr. Blake, who has ever been the advocate of free
thought, free speech, and free iiLstitutions, shoukl have so virulently
attacked a party whose avowed opinions are these, in favour of
Catholicism whose avowed opinions are the contrary. Why, otherwise,
adopt and endorse the rhetorical and passionate iangui>ge ot Sir Francis
Hincks, so wholly one-sided and unhistorical — unhistorical, I say, as
leading to the inference that the treatment of the Irish Catholics was
anonnilous and exceptional, and Orangemen a specially bigoted and
barbarous crew, whereas the treatment of Catholics in Ireland was only

4lif.

i I

—24—

one chapter of the great volaiiie of the European history of the age,
whicli i8 full of similar chapters of penal laws and persecutions of Pro-
testants by (yatholics on a fearful scale, and accompanied with terribla
Buflering. The lesson of persecution, learned by long training iu the
school of Rome, took some time to be un-learned, bul at last the voices of
reason and the words of Christ have prevailed in Protestant Kngland.
With respect to persecution.s and penal laws in Ireland the lact is
tliis, that cruelty was, as it so «)fton is, l.'.rgely the offspring of fear.
Protestants there were lew in number among many Catholics. Tn a
great rising of the latter, Protestants had been massacred by thou.sands
without mercy, and they lived in fear of similar sufferings in the cent
of the Catholics rising again, and as a regard for their own safety
(coupled with an overmastering, ever-present fear) promptud, they
deemed that the surest way of safety wa.s to cripple their adversaries > o
far as to prevent them from injuring them as they had done, and, .so
prevent a repetition of the past with all its I'rightful horrors. They
knew, too, that the Power before which Catholics bowed had never
withdrawn from its old position — semper eadein ef uhlque its boast — and
that free conscience was a thing not to be tolerated or thought of, and
that the fagot and the stake — her ready an.swer to all argument, her
old engine against heresy and doubting science — had never been repu-
diated by her, but the contrary.

But while tliis fear, the parent of cruelty, forms an apology not
feigned, but very real, for much of the miseries suffered by Irish
('atholics; yet in the Catholic countries of Europe, where Catholics
were so overwhelmingly more numerous than Protestants, the (sxcuse ol'
fear was wholly out of the question, and yet what wholesale brutal
murders and miseries and spoliation took place. And why? Because
men would not profess to believe what the stiffness of their convictions
rendered it sihiply itnpomble that they could believe — for men cannot
believe and disbelieve at pleasure — and yet, after a terrible treason
towards them and bad faith, by murders dtliberately planned in co'a
blood, and executed in one night, what do we learn ? That a medal
was struck by the Pope to commemorate this most shameful, cruel and
dastardly event.

it answers, Mr. Blake, no end of good to cover up from view the
great events of the past or the claims of the present by a veneer of the
rosewood of sentimentalism, or to try to make things, in a new gush of
thought and painted words, different from wliat they are ; or to pile up
on the poor Orangemen every opprobrium, whereas, apart from what
la incidental to all organizations, owing to the weakness of human
nature, he has been the steady friend of freedom ; yea, one of the
strongest and most reliable pillars of the social fabric ; while with the
rosewater of impassioneil oratory you try, in your new found zeal, to
make the bad ])rinciples of Catholicism, smell sweetly to the world, by
representing, however unconsciously, tliose principles to be what they
are not.

' of the age,
itions of Pro-
with terribltt
ainiiig iu tlie
t the voices of
taut Kii<j;land.
11(1 the iact is
)i'itig of fear,
holies. Tn a
by thousaiitis
in the cent
ir own safety
omptttd, they
adver.><arie8 > o
done, and, .so
)rrors. Tht^y
ed had never
its boast — and
ou^ht of, and
irivument, lier
er been repu-

1 apology not
red by Irish
ere Catholics
the excuse of
lesale brutal
y ? Because
iir convictions
jr uien cannot
rrible treason
anned in co'j
'hat a uiedal
i'ul, cruel and

From view the
veneer of the
i new ^ush of

or to pile up
rt from what
ss of human
a, one of the
rhile with the
found zeal, to

the world, by
be what they

—25—

Now thouf^h I have been wont to esteem Mr. Blake very highly for
some things, ami would not dare to accuse him of clear, felt insincerity,
or charge wholly to self-interest his new whitewashing ol the Catholic
Hierarchy and blackening of Orangemen, yet Iknowenoujjh of human
nature to distrust it and its arguments, where, na in this instance, (for I
had best come to the point at once) when he cannot get the votes of the
Orangemen, the votes of the Catholics would prove so convenient.

To burko his |)lain convictions, to do a pointblank act of treason to his
conscience, to advocate what he knew to be absolutely wrong, to Itlacken
nitMi's characters by malice aforethought, to whitewash an utterly bad
cause wiiere he felt that God and conscience know it bad, is what I
I'or one would not attribute, even for any consideration of self-interest,
to Mr. niake. But knowing how curiously we are compounded, and
what we are made of, the devil of evil does not fling hi u' self foolishly
agai»;:.t a stone wall, or tempt the mainly-true man to such naked wrong-
doing. I"]vil, like a cunning engineer, approaches the fortress of our
integrity by zigzag lines, or by undermining skill, stealthily, taking us at
unawares,

W(; know our real powers and wo wish that others should know them
too. We may even think ourselves, by measuring ourselves with others,
entitled to the highest place in the country, and we may eagerly, long-
ingly court it ; and, accordingly, opinions and things in the line of our
interests are very agreeable to us. This is so, naturally. And men and
things adverse to those interests are not so agreeable. Now if those
opposing us continue, as seems to us, unreasoningly adverse, and finally
refuse to be charmed by the most skilful jjiping, the natural tendency
of the mind, even if not vividly presenting itself to the consciousness of
its owner as wrong, is to attribute their obstinacy to unworthy motives,
and so covi;r them over with the slime of our own (say, unconscious)
self-love. Some persons do not know that they are doing tliis ; and
some do not care, whether they know it or not. Why should, we argue,
those p'^rsons, our inferiors in intellect and knowledge, be able to thwart
us l)y their obstinacy and igr.orance. Why, if they will not help us,
not stand out of our way, and let us pass on and up. Hut they will
not. Poor fools, led by designing masters, they will not. They must
be bad. Let me think how bad. Some of them maligned me in my
absence, ami, when challenged to n^peat to my face tlieir charges, did
not (iare to show themselves. Wiuit a bad lot they /iiust be ; and yet,
very possibly, Mr. iJlake, they believed or half-believed- -most men
half-believe nearly everything said of an opponent whose general prin-
cii)les they dislike, and repeat it as if full beliof — what they said, liut
it is vain for me to appeal to them — those bad, obetinate, old fossil
Orangemen.

And now comes the other side of the question ; if they will ever un-
reasoningly oppose me, and if I am resolved to climb to the (ihief place
(»l'pov/er, and to upset the bad men who hold the reins and govern so
unw(u-tliily, to the ruin of the country and her institutions— tiiough in-
deed 1 hardly know what my own policy is to be, having, by my wavering

vTiTT

—26-

on one main point, at a critical time, been accused of having inflicted a
deep wound on my party — liad I not better now see what can be done
with the Frenchmen and Irish Catholics.

It is true that the stronj^, high wall of religious ])rejudices stands
against me, but it tuay, must somehow, be overleaped. True, too, the
native build of my own mind; the strong, sturdy Blake and Hume-
iilako independence of character ; the clearness and distinctness of my
view of primitive Christianity as stamped on and stereotyped in the
pages of the New Testament; my opposition to sacerdotalism and
mental slavery of all kinds ; to a theology of traditions, not the religion
taught by Christ — a theology calling itself Christianity, but as unlike
it as modern Buddhism is unlike the religion of its ibunder : baptised
into those views by the baptism of a lifetime, and inarched as they are
into my mental and moral economy by long I'amiliarity with the clear
and characteristic teaching of Christ and Paul ; it seems, indeed, no
easy task I set myself. And to us, indeed, it seems a bitter pill for
him to have had to s\\ allow — to have to stand up and whitewash the
most pronounced, accredited teachers of Catholicism, and iiold up for
approval, as if the canonical judguient of the church, the statements at
second hand of private bisho])s of no binding authority at all, instead of
giving at first hand the ipsisaiinu oerba of Infallibility itself, which, in
the letter and in the spirit, contradict the utterances jf these men. Did
not liishop J)oyle, at the time when the Emancipation question was
being discussed in Ireland, with a view to relieve the uneasiness of the
Protestant mind regarding the unrepealed despotic claims to temporal
universal dominion of the Popes, write, ''We are taunted with the pro-
ceedings of Popes. What, my Jiord, have we Catholics to do with the
proceeilings of Popes ; or why .should we be made accountable ibr ihem"?
y\nd did not the Roman Hierarchy, in its pastoral address "to the Clergy
and Laity of the llonian Catholic Church in Ireland"' (in I826) "de-
clare on oath their belief that it is not an article of the Catholic Faith,
neither ai'e they theieby required to believe, that the Pope is infallible."
Now with respect to the ibrmer of these quotations, which, whether in-
tended to do it or not, threw dust in the eyes of Protestants and helped
to the removal of Catholic disabilities, and \vhe!» Catholics were charged
with this as artful dodging unworthy of honest men, what is, in sub-
stance, the reply of Lord Acton, Protestants ought not to have been so
misledhy such unauthorized statements of private men, be they priests
or bishops or what not, when the whole history of the Church, its decrees,
and declarations, and acts, and canon law told the very contrary. And .so
we say U^ Mr. Blake. The I'aet is this that the English people as a people
were so largehearted and generous that they caught rendily at any decla-
ration, as the drowning man at a sti-aw, that gave any ground Ibr hope,
that it might be as they were told. But what a reply ! Wli > were you
fools enough to believe this when you might have known, ougiit to have
known, the contrary. Now, however, the Pope is C/atlioliciism, and we
know it. Ills decision and declaration only is binding and IVom his judg-
ment there is no appeal : "neque euiquam de ejus lieei'e judicare judicio," '

,'ing inflicted a
at can be done

ejudices stands
True, too, tlie
ke and Hume-
tinctness of uiy
reotyped in the
[jrdotalism and
not the relif>ion
, but as unlike
mder : baptised
ihed as they are
with the clear
uis, indeed, no
I bitter pill for
whitewash the
,nd hold up for
le statements at
it all, instead of
tself, which, in
these men. Did
n question was
neasiness of the
ins to temporal
d with the pro-
1 to do with the
able I'or them"?
s "to the Clergy
(in 18-iG) "de-
Catholic Faitli,
)e is infallible."
ch, whether in-
its and helped
s were charged
hat is, in suh-
have been so
be they priests
eh. its decrees,
trary. And so
pie its a peoplti
'ij (it (tnij decla-
)un'l fur ho})e,

weie you

mjiht to have
)lieisni, and we

iVoni hisjudg-
lieare judiclo,'

—27—

and this "not simply in matters that pertain to faith and morals but to the
discipline" —and some have known too well what that means— "and iiovern-
nicntofthe church throughout the whole world" — "non solum in rebus,
(|ua)adfidem et mores, sed etiaiu in iis (jUie ad disciplinam et regimen
EcelesiiU per totum orbem dittusje pertinent." From that discipline and
a;^1hat government — the worst government the world has ever seen, the
igoverinnent of Priests— may the good (lod deliver us. Mr. Gladstone
puts it thus : "the Pope demands ior hinise f the right to determine the
province of his own rights." His words may, indeed, be turned to any
account as the occasion and his own will demand. "When h am roinmdnd
the scales of political power," says Mr. Gladstone, "an organized and de-
voted party," it is counted on, ''wiil promote interference; and, when it is
in a niinorify, will work for securing neutrality" and will make dupes of
such men as Mr. I Uake to work i.heir ends, and then turn ab mt and say,
what a fool he was. I once asked a very able man on good terms with
Catholics, what was to be the end ; how the world, in this perplexing
deadlock of tilings, was to be delivered. Uis reply was, lean see my w;iy
out of it only in the hope, that, in the general diflfusicmof an enlightened
public opinion theCatholic may graduall y become emancipated from these
antisocial and slavish doctrines, and, so, insensibly melt into the citizen. I
don't mean to say, that these were his very words ; but, in the form of my
question and his answer, this was the substance of them .

But when the Popes Syllabus and Eicyclicals refuse us in (as Mr.
Gladstone writes) " fearfully energetic epithets," " liberty oi'speech,'' "of
comcU'w'e,'' "of imrsldp" and use tliose terrible words against all
those "who say that the church may not employ /ww," or that "the
R(niiaii Poll ti it" ought to come to terms with. ..modern civilization,"! fear
that happy day is tiir off in the future .

But why should .Mr. Blake try to blacken with the thickest colours of
the tar brush men who are at one with him in so many things ecpially dear
to tlieni both, and so many of whom try to think as honestly and to act as
manly and Christian apart in life as he does or any man. Hut lew
diaiiges of opinion — wore tliey chtm^es? — are wholly sudden. liit-
tle by little wo drift into now modes of llioug;ht. lie converses as
lie has olloii conversed with Irish and French (,'atliolics. In gen-
eral conversation ho tbuiul lliern as other men. They inatiifesled to
the full, ill presence of a Protestant — often possibly more than to
the tiill, — all they lolt of liberality of sontimont aiul freedom from
religious bigotry. Proiestaiits hold their own opinicms arul they
liold theirs. Why, then, quarrel on such grounds. In |)ast times
they persecuted, huL Protestants persociited too. Those were days
of ig;iioiaiico, when liuinun rights wore little iiiiderst<jo<l, when con-
ucieiice was overborne by power; and irce, honest thought, and free
Bpeech were (ienieil to all; Ijut that now men knew better, that
people and priests and tlie princes of the (Miurch — 1 doubt it they
Went so far as to say, the Pope, too — hud become, as became tlio
iige and our civilization, more enlig-hlened, aii«l that the old days
could never now return, that tkty believed in a Churali while Pro-

—28—

teHtanls believed in u hooki then why Hhould thoy (quarrel and wear
out their souls in indifrnution by attributing: opinions to one another
which they no Ioniser hold, and by suspecting one another instead
orunitin<r for the common good, as broad-minded men of the world
holding ditferont dogmatic opinions indeed, but holding in common
great essential truths. Now let it be f)orne in mind that those shal-
low, though plausible, arguments assail him at a time when ho is
\\\ jxtd the. state of exasperated fee liiuj to let thom have at least their
full weight with .im. The Orangemen — I look at the matter from
the Ulake standpoint— have doggedly, dotorminodly, and unioasou-
iiigly shut the door against him. Thoy maltreat and slander him
behin<l his back. lie uses arguments so plain, and sound, and con-
vincing, that none but a fool oi- one wilfully jjorverled could resist
them ; but they do resist them, and will have none of them or of
him; and, so, disgusted and provoked at being spurned by such
small folk, what has he left him but to turn his eyes in another and
wholly ditt'erent direction, and, so, the Catholic arguments fall on
prepared ground ; and thoy show him the statements of men high in
the church, the acci-oditod oi-gans of Catholicism — statements whol-
ly at variance with those supposed by Orangemen to represent tiie
real interior opinions of the (,;hurch — at which ho catches gladly. To
be brief; Ho is just \u the framoof mind to accept them thankfully,
and he makes a speech at the opportune moment — self interest and
his dislike of Orangemen giving, of course, no (the slightest) col-
ouring at all to his calm thoughts and unimpassione<l words — and
the House rings with plaudits at his noble liberality of sentiment
and freedom from bigotry, which only the highest natures can
wholly rise above, arid trample on, and he is the hero of the hour
and the darling of Catholics, and the star of Blake is clearly in the
ascendaTit, and the poor Orangeman, utterly crushed and ruined, is
despised as well.

Poor Orangemen ! Still, ''the conies though a feeble folk, yet
build their houses in the rocks," (Prov. xxx : 28) and s(j abide till
the st(n'ra of words has sj)eMt itself, and the groat orator, whirled
along by the torrents of his own eloquence, is half or wholly per-
suaded by himself; for as Paley. I third<, says, though some men
believe in the direction of their fears, others believe in the direc-
tion of their hopes. Still the oifect of that speech has been \)robably
to make the position of Mr. lilako in the politics of Canada what
it never was before, and so far it has been u great success. But
though a masterly effort of an eloquent and able speaker, yet was
it, like the leaning tower of Pisa, wholly one-sided, and, therefore,
was untrue and misleading. It merely skimmed the surface of things
and was iherefbi-e superliciul. It never hit the heart of the matter,
the bull's eye in the tai-gcl ; and it was not profound. He never
went to the head office for his information ; but, good, easy man,
was content to get it from unauthorised clerks and underlings, who
amiably gave him what he sought for (and t.hat possibly without

larrel and wear
i to one another
mother instead
en of the world
in<; in common
that lho.se shal-
me when ho is
e at least their
he matter from
', and unioasou-
ul slander him
sound, and con-
led could resist
> of them or of
purned by such
< in another and
^uments fall on
I of men high in
tatemonts whol-
,0 represent the
tchcs ^'ladly. To
liem thankfully,
Holf interest and
I slightest) col-
led words — and
,y of sentiment
)st natures can
ero of the hour
is clearly in the
d and ruined, is

feohlo folk, yet
nd so abide till
orator, whirled

or wholly i)or-
:)ugh some men

e in the direc-
s been \trobal)ly
jf Canada what
t success. Jiut

)Oiil<er, yet was

and, therefore,
urface of things

t of the matter,

nd. He never
;(M)d, easy man,

uulerlings, who
>ossibly without

—29—
the conscious feeling of wrong, while at the same time it helped
the cause) and which tilled him with content

But if the Orangemen had been as lovingly constant to him as to
his great opponent ; in other woi-ds, if he had hold a brief on the
other side (as a lawyer he has been in the habit of taking retainers
and of pleading accordingly for his client, no matter whom, the
best he could) with his noble eloquence and great forensic ability,
what a case could he not have made out, ami how he would have
turned the tables on his and their enetnies; thus:

'(gentlemen of the .lury, a handful of Orangemen, whose principles,
written in their " Constitution " open and to be read of all men,
are sound to the very core on the gro.'it question of civil and
religious liberty, placed in the midst of many Catholics, well
enough in their individual characler8 — we have little fault to find
with them here — but dominated l»y a power to whom they are
faith-bound and conscience-bound, whose jirinciples are despotic
and anti-social, and who if he woulil repent of those bad principles
and, so, change them, must cease to be a ])ower al all (for he is so
anchored to the unrepcalable past, that he cannot snap his cable
without letting himself adrift and going to wreck and ruin wholly,
so that he has to let things be or to make the confusion worse con-
founded) whose principles, hence, ai"o their [)riiiciples.

(Jenllemen of the Jurj", to change my figure, a great
bombshell charged with dynamite is left in the camp of these few
Orangemen to burst or not at any hour, as the exigencies of the
moment make it desirable or not. It is true, gentlemen, that some
of these Orangemen are nit all that they shoukl be, and that the
most stupid and obstinate among them tlo Hometimes give to
Calholics unnecessary offence; but, then, they recall the terrible
past and brood over it till their feelings got e.\.cited, <*nd knowing
the power and avowed principles of the Clrand Lama of the religion
who rules supreme, they are afraid that at any moment llie match
may be lighted and the ruin burst, and so are to be pardoned, if
sometimes they find it hard not to say sharp things, and if they
vole on the side by which (in their folly) they think their interests
best .served. But, gentlemen, if the niislakes and tSiults and way-
wardnesses of Cliristians are deemed no valiil argument against
Christianity, when it never encourages, but, on ilie contrary, re-
probates such conduct, as laid down and enforceit in the Jiook of its
Constitution, why should Orangeism be hold responsible for the
liclions of indiviclual members who do things utterly condemned in
the J}ook of their Constitution, (ientlemen, let us be reasonable,
and deal out tlie same impartial judgment in the one ciise as in the
other. Cliristians are not always rea.sonable. To the fag end of
every party will hang-on unworthy members, whose conduct is not
in harmony with the high prineiples of the holy to which they
belong. And now, tieiiilemen ot the .lury, I beg your close atten-
tion while I read to you from a pricate document, not intended for
the public eye, but morally binding on every Orangeman, a few

' idir

iff

—30—

extractH. It is named tlio " (loneral Dochinition." I may toll you
that, though rct'iinod to mo at Hrst as not beintj an Oraini;onian, I
was at length permitted to peruse it. This " Declaration " intbrnis
us that " the Loyal Oiani-o Association is formed of j)ei\sons
desirous of sui)portin<::, to tho utmost of their power, the principles
and practice of the rhrislian roli,i;"i(»n, to maintain tho laws and

constitution of the country and the supremacy of law, order,

and constitutional freoilonx " . . . . and thoy "hope.,.. to emulate
the virtues" "of that Immortal Prince," "William III.", "by
maintaining Rdi<jlon without ptrsccut ion or trmchi/Kj on the ri(jhts of
any." . . ."The Orange society lays no claim to exclusive loyally or
exclusive Protestantism, ... .Disclaiming an intolerant spirit, the
society demands as an indispensable qualification, without which
the greatest and the wealthiest may seek admission in vain, that
the candidate shall be tlcenicd incapable of pcrsccutinii or injuring/ any
one on account of his re/iyioiis opinions ; the duty tjf every Orangeman
being to aid and defend all loyal subjects of eoery religious persua-
sion, in the enjoyment of their constitutional rights." Then among
the " (Qualifications essential for Membership," 1 read, " An apjjli-

cant tor admission should have a hatred of cursing and

swesii-ing, and of taking the name of God in vain, he should use all
opportunities of discouraging them among his brethren, and shun
the society of all persons addicted to those shameful practices.
Prudence should guide all his actions, temperance, sobriety and
honesty direct his coiiduct, and the laudable objects of the Associa-
tion be the motives of his endeavours,"and soon, gentlemen, through-
out tho " Declaration and Constitution," from tho lirst })age to the
last.

Now, Gentlemen of tho Jury, I need not insult your understand-
ings by asking 3'ou, if these arc noxious ])rinciplos? Are they not
riither the very highest principles by which men can be actuated ;
principles that strike at the root of all bigotry and intolerance. Are
thoy not indeed the very pillars of the social fabric? Do thoy not
cherish in us the noblest leelings of citizenship, and inculcate the
necessity of being as tender of tho freedom of others as of our own.
I might dwell long on this seductive theme, but, in presence of
twelve intelligent men, I say with the Poet, "wf multumnil moror,'"
and leave the rest to the play of your own imaginations, to the
soundness of your judgment, and to tho goodness of your hearts ;
and 1 feel confident that you will not only acquit my clients, but
affix tlio seal of your high approval of principles so just and noble
and humane. But I cannot close without saying how gloriously
these greitt principles compare and conti-ast with those utterances
of the late mouthjiieco of Catholicism, Pope l*ius IX, breathing, as
they do, tho most slavish, intolerant, anti>ocial and fearful senti-
ments, and which a cultivated and able ( atholic Nobleman has told
UH, have been those that have always governed the Great Irdallibles
of his church. Was there over a greater contrast between the noble

and

I may loll yoii
(^)r!iii.jj;omuti, I
it ion " int'onuH
)(1 of persons
the j)rinci))loH
tho laws atul
' of law, oi'tlop, ^
. . . to emulate
mi m.". "by
m the riijhts of
sive loyalty or
•uiit spirit, the
vvitliout which
m ii) vail), that
/ or inJuriiKj any
!ry Oraiiifemaii
iiiiiioiis persua-
' Then amoMfj;
sad, " An a|)pli-
of (.-ursiiig and
e should use all
hren, and shun
neful practices,
c, sobriety and
of the A-^socia-
lemen,through-
r«t page to tho

mv uiulerstand-
Are they not
n be actuiiletl ;
iitolcranco. Are
Do they tu)t
inculcate the
^ as of our own.
in jjresenco of
Ituinnil moror,"
nations, to the
•f your hearts ;
ny clients, hut
just and noble
how gloriously
ose utterances
V, hrealhing, as
1 learftd sonti-
hlenian has told
ireat Ird'allibles
tween the noble

—31—

principloH of my clients and those odious principles to which thcj'
are opjK)»ed. Gontlemon, 1 shall now close my case with feelings
of tho utmost confidence in tho verdict you will render in a case so
plain.'

But, oh, my Eesulor, had Mr. Blake, and not I, tho cause of tho
Orangemen to plead ; had ho held a brief on that side; with his
I inexorable logic, and ringing voice, and ])ersuasivo eloquence, what
a case for thorn would he not have made out ; and how exultantly
would he not have trampled under foot, or hold up with withering
scorn belbro tho eyes of a wondering world, tho j>i'incij)les of tho
other party — principles inc(»mpatiblo, he would have said, with tho
very oxistonco of society, and, which, if generally acted on, would
make society itself impossible. J}ut he has not done so; and if tho
cause o{' kwiKinity, lor it <&'that, has not been pleaded with the tbrco
of logic- and jidc(|uato presentation that Ijeloui^s to it, and yet if a
go(Ml case has been made out, only judge what it would have been,
luul the tongue of eloquence boon enlisted on that side.

B"t We have in Canada a man with a brilliant ami trenchant

pen, and a grand and stalely style, with a force of logic equal to,

f and a lar deeper and truer insight than, Mr. HIako's, whose know-

; ledge of history, read to some j)ur[)()so, is wide and his memory a

very storehouse of facts, on which to draw lor his own guidance ?'\l

lor that of others; an exact scholar and a severe thinker, fearless

, and outspoken on every subject of hninaii thought, and who cannot

j keep silent when any subject pregnant with grave issues is being

, discussed, for "out of the abundance of the heart tho mouth speak-

I elh," who has spoken on this subject with earnestness and power,

>f and, I trust, will do so again and often. To this man, a very «w>t?

^ ai^Sfuou among writers, I look for special help in tho cause I have

■ talteringly undertaken to advocate, lie may not agree with me in

some things, and I even venture to dirter from him occasionally.

Hut i i)laco him second to no man in (janada as a writer and ihink-

; or. Let him be wholly on our side and 1 care little who is against

us. To him I look for efficient help in this the greatest cause,

' viewed in all its bearings, that ever engaged the attention of hu-

I inanity.

For myself 1 desire to be a political weathercock, and not lie
myself down so stringently to any party, as to have to force mysolf
to go with them, save as my own judgment, in each particular case,
decides me, but to be as the poet says,

" Nullius a/ldictus jurare in cerba magistri,"
and so govoi-n mysolf and change from siilo to side, as tho actions
and measures of politicians are in reference to what I am persuaded
is right and true: my motto being

"(iuomecunquo rapit tempestas doterror llospo^,"
and, so, allowing mysolf to drift.

Now if there was anyone among tho members ot the lute or pre-
sent Ministry whom 1 would have selected usspecially sound on the

< H !L

■„-!

—32—

history jind doHignw of tho Pajjaoy, ami who could not be miKled by
tho ujnesfntni of tho unautliorisod HtatonicMitK made by J}ihlio])s of
the Church, whether believed, or only half-believed and hall-ho])cd
by theni, to bo true or not, wlien the Syllabus and Iho Kncydicals of
tho Pope himself were bclbrc him, as well as his unvai-ying declara-
tions, and when the Jiull "Unam Sanctam," and many JUdls besides,
backed by tho Canon Law and all the past liistory of Inlallibiliiy,
j)oinled in one direction only., and as steady I0 that direction as llie
needle to tho polo — that man was the lion. Kdward Blake. Tho
Pope is Catholicism, and no one else is so. The opinions of I'l-iests
and Bisho])s and interpreters and apologists go foi- simply nothing.
When we want to understand Popery really, we must go to the Po])C.
A Bisho}), as Dr. l>oyle did, may say, at tlio convoinent moment,
what he wishes to impress us with as true. "What, my Jjord, have
we Catholics to do with the pi-oceodings of Popes, or why should
we bo made accountable for them." Very convenient doctrine when
Catholic emancipation was tho subject of debate. And again (as 1
before quoted for you) tho Romish hierarchy in Ireland, at thesr'me
juncture "declare on oath their belief that ii is not an article of the
Catholic faith, neither are they thereby required to believe that the
Pope is infallible," and yet Pope Pius IX himself tells us that 'the
whole Church had ulwaj's taught the unconditional inl'allibility of
the Pope' ((rladstoue). But, "</wo nodo Imnc Frotea" '^tempora vmton-
tur et 710S.'' Yes, "What liave we Catholics to do with the proceedings
of Popes." But Cardinal Mainiing — the Pope's 'aniuiae dimidiuui
uiotxi" — writcsj "the Catholic Church cannot... cease to pri'ach...the
doctrines of Sovereignty both spiritual and temporal of the Holy See ;"
and Pope Pius informs us that there are "many errors regarding the In-
fallibility, but the most malicious ot all if- that which includes in that
dogma the right of deposing sovereigns and declaring people not bound
by the obligation of fidelity. This ri(/ht has now and again, in critical
circumstances, been exercised by the Pontiffs; but it has nothing to do
with Papal Infallibility. Its origin was not Infallibility, but the mitho-
}ity oi' thti Pope... f/ie S!/jt?/'eme judge of the Christian Commonivealth.
This authority... extended so far as to ])af a judixment even 171 cicil affairs
on the acts of Princes and nations." Now mark, the right to depose
princes is not denied, equivoked, or withdrawn : far from it ; but only
the supposed /oimrf(7Ywn of the right it is that is questioned. The right
exists; but the foundation or source of the right is no^the infallibility,
but ^ 'the authority'' of the Pope. But whether it has its ground in in-
fallibility or authority is to us a matter of moo '.shine ; but it is a mat-
ter of everlasting moment, unless we be true to ourselves and to human-
ity, that such a medifloval claim should hang over us to-day. We nt>ed
not be surprised then, that, in his Syllabus and Encyclicals and every-
where, all those who attirm that "Papal judgments and decrees may,
without sin, be disobeyed or differed from, except where they treat of
the dogmas of faith and morals" [that is when they extend beyond these
limits], or "who assign to the state the power of defining the rights and

ot be mihlt'd by
\ l»y J}isIio])s oi
and liiill-li()j>o(l
J KiH-yclicalK ol'
aryiii^ dochn-a-
ly J5ulls liet^idos,
vi' Jnlalliliilily,
irootioii as tlio
(I BlaUo. The
iiioim of I'l'ic'htN
iini])ly notliing.

goto lllC l'()J)C.

iiiont momoiit,
my Lord, have
or wliy should
, doctrine when
Uul again (as I
md, al tlies?'nie
n article of the
believe that the
Us us that 'the

infallibility of
'tempora imiton-
the proceedings
niuue dimidium
to pri'!ich...the
the Holy See ;"
;jiarding the In-
iicludes in that
oplc not bound
gain, in critical
IS nothing to do

but tlie autho-
Commonicealth.
7i m citil affairs
•ight to depose
m it ; but only
ned. The right
:.he inlallibility,
s ground in in-
but it is a niat-
■iand to human-
lay. We nt'cd
•als and every-
I decrees may,
^ they treat of
id beyond thene

the rights and

—33—

I'rovince of the Church," or "who hold that the [^)mun Pontitts [in the
past] and Ecumenical Councils exceeded the limits of their power
[when they put kingdoms under Interdicts, deposed kings, and embroil-
ed states] and [by so doing] usurped the rights of Princes" i.e., what
they did was no usurpation, even, as PopM Pius explains it, wlicre it ''ex-
tended so far as to pass judgment, even i.i civil affairs, on the acts of
Princes and of nations;" or "that the church lias not (non habet) the
right U) employ /b/'ce." What, then, was Mr. Blake, an acute Lawyer,
used to sifting evidence, and to get at the bottom-truth of things — a
man not to be entrapped by semblances — when he tells us liis little tale
at second hand of what these men tell him. Would he, in a court of
iaw, be content with a copy of an original document, mueii less with a
copy of a copy, and still less with a wholly-pseudo copy, when it was in
his power to (compare the original and read from it in opctn court. Catch
him, so well versed in such uiatters, so astute and able, blundering and
mooning in such wise. And yet, in this mo.st grave and open matter,
has he not blundered egregiously ; or has he blundered at all ? Has he
consciously or unconsciou.sly, or half-conseionsly and half-unconsciously.
been partly misled and partly seduced ? 1 am in a dilemma ! I find
it so hard to excuse his heart wholly, at the expense of his intellect, or
intellect wholly, at the expense of his heart. As the pendulum oscillated
to and fro, did it come to rest at last on the side of his interests? Who
can say? Were he some poor unskilled dialectician, some unversed
man of the world, some hot, impulsive empty pate ; were he a man like
^fewman, rmrsed on the pap ot' authoriti/, and dropping lowiir and ever
lower in the scale of erect manhood, till he sank at last, in passive
feebleness and intellectual lethargy, into the lap of Home — the last au-
thority of all — his legitimate extreme, there might be some excuse for
him ; but he is not such as these, but a man of the world, a reader of
men and things, a practised logician, and a shrewd and able lawser,
and trained in a school of principle and principles — hence my difficulty.
But as I dare not affirm positively whether his was an error of the
judgment or of the heart, or a compound of tliem both, so do I not
attiruj that his Episcopal informants knowingly misstated the case.
We are curiously compounded creatures all of us, and the ecclesiastic
mind the most curiously compoumled of all, and when very earnest in
pressing home on another a belief which we deem true — as, say, the gen-
eral belief in Catholicism — we are not always over-scrupulous in the
arguments we employ, or the thickness of the colouring we lay on, when
longing to gain over an opponent to our side ; and as this doctrine
of the Pope's right of interference in our civil affiiirs, and of playing
the mischief with our constitutional liberties — read by the light of the
terrible past — was known to b \ in the eyes of Protestants, a fearful
dilHculty and offence, there was a proportionately great temptation lo
smooth down and attenuate it, ami even to throw discredit on it alto-
gether, as Bishop Doyle had done. But Lord Acton is fiankly out-
spoken. 'Gentlemen," says he to them in effect, 'this is all nonisen.se.
We must not falsify history and pervert patent fact, 'liie Popes did

'Hr

—34—

tliese things, and the Pope, in the interests of Catholicism, has the right,
never withdrawn, to do thoni again.' Forwarned, forearmed ! and so 1
say to all, trust no one absolutely, be he Priest, or Bishop, or Mr.
Blake, or anyone, when their arguments lie in the same line as their
interests ; for their interests arc almost sure, consciously or uncon-
sciously on their part, to warp and colour their minds. Be governed
by the evidence only.

Think, you, my reader, that when delivering his great speech Mr.
lilake kept steadily before his mind, that eternal vigdence is the price
of liberty. I do not. But WHY all these exorbitant claims of the
Popes and Catholicism. There is in the words of Christ or of Paul or
Peter or of any one else in the whole New Testament, not a syllable
to say that to any successor of Peter, whether by natural or spiritual
descent, was such power or anything resembling it ever given. 80 far
as this special assertion is concerned it is simply manufactured out of
whole cloth. And what is so strange is this, that, as an undeniable
matter of fact Petei- was not the Apo.stle of the Roman Church at all
{that Paul was), but was, by special commission, the Apostle of the
Jews. This all is stated clearly and emphatically in Paul's Epistle to
the (jalatian Church, and accordingly while Peter's first Epistle is
directed to " the strangers of the dis|)ersion " (™V deaaTTOfta^). i.e.:
the Jews scattered among the Gentile nations of the world, Paul it
was who addressed his Epistle to the lloriuin Church (Peter never)
and in this Epistle he tells the Roman Church " not to be highminded
but i'ear, I'or that if (Jod spared not the natural branches " (the Jews),
they should '' take heed lest he spare not themaf-so" (Rom. xi : 20.21).
And though Christ promised to be with His Church to the end of the
world, yet that promise was tiot unconditional, but saddled with the
condition of their obeying J lis commands; thus, "go ye and teach all
nations. . .teaching them to obsiii'vi; all things whatsoever I have com-
manded; AND, lo, I am with you always to the end of the world." If
doirjg this, I shall be with you to assist you throughout all time.
" Otherwise," as Paul wrote to the Poman and whole (ientile
Church — " oTHEiiwisK tliou also shall be cut oft"" (Rom. xi : 22)
Christ's promise is to stand by an obedient, not a disobedient people.
The whole matter is plain as day ; there is no mystery at all about it.
We are warned, too, in Scripture, that a great " apostacy " would take
place in the Christian Church in the future, and there is no place in
the world from which whatever emanates should be received with
greater mistrust than what emanates from Rome, for up to the period
of her alter destruction, no good is told of her, but Christians are
warned against her as the very seat and headquarters of superabounding
evil.

I return to Mr. Blake, who, in denouncing all intolerance, utters these
true and very njcmorable words ;

"I believe, if you commit to any church absolute power and control over
faith and morals, and if, at the same time, you commit to that church abso-
lute power to determine what is comprised within faith and morals, you con-

n, has the rtp^ht.
rmed ! and so T
Bishop, or Mr.
ic line as their
lusly or uncon-
I. Be governed

•eat speech Mr.
nee is the price
t claims of the
st or (if Paul or
t, not a syllable
iral or spiritual
• <»;iven. 80 far
li'actured out of
8 an undeniable
n Church at all

Apostle of the
'aul's Epistle to

first Epistle is
;«<Tr«/>«c)- '•'^-
! world, Paul it
I (Peter never)
) be hifijhminded
es " (the Jews),
loni.xi: 20.21).
) the end of the
iaildled with the
ye and teach all
;ver I have coui-

the world." If
ighout all time.

whole (ientile
(Rom. xi: 22)
abedient people.
^ at all about it.
,cy " would take
is no place in
received with
ip to the period
t Christians are
' superabounding

ince, utters these

and control over

hat church abso-

morals, you con-

—35—

code necessarily to that church ahiuliite power altogether; and I believe,
therefore, that it is quite necessary to consider that tliere may be a jioint at
whicli we may be called on to consider what the tenets of the church in that
particular point of view are."

But I have showc my readers that this is eujphatically what the
church does claim and much besides. In the third chapter of the Con-
stitution de Ecclesia we read these words, " The pa«tori4 and the liiithful
are bound, as well each of them singly as all ol them together, by the
obligations of a veritable obedience not (/nly in matters which appertain
to fdith and. morals, hut also [this goes even beyond Mr. Blake's case] in
those things which belong to the discipline antl (joocrnment of the church
scattered throughout the whole wurld. . . .this is the doctrine of the
Catholic verity from which no one can deviate save at the peril of his
failh and .salvation. . . .we also teach and declare that he (the Pope) is
the supreme judge of all the faithful. . . .and that his decision can be
upset by no one, and that it is mt permitted to any one to J udye concern^
iny his Judijment." The words in Latin of chief importance are,
"obstringunter nou .solum in rebus, (jmo ad tidem et mores, sed etiam
ill iis, quic ad disciplinam et regimen ecclesijK. . . .Neque cuicam de
ejus licere judieare judicio." On this the comment of Mr. (j!lad.stoue
is, " Absolute obedience, it is boldly deelared, is due to the Pope, at
the peril of salvation, not alone in faith and morals, but in all things
which concern the discipline [and we have had no bles.sed experience
of that discipline] and government oi' the church. Thus ai e sicept into
the Papal net whole multitude;^ of facts, whole systems of government
prevailing, though in diflorent degrees, in every country in the world
... .On all matters respecting which any Pope may think proper to
declare that they concern either faith or morals, or the government or
discipline of the church, he claims. . . .absolute ohtdience. . . .and this
claim'" is made by " a Pontiff' who has condemned free speech, free
writing, a free press, toleration of nonconformity, liberty of conscience,
the study of civil and philosophical matters in independence of ecclesi-
astical authority, marriage unless sacramentally contracted, and the
definition by the state of the civil rights (jura) of the church; who
has demanded for the church, therefore, the title to define its own civil
rights, together with a divine right to civil iunnunities, and a right to
nse physical force, and who has also proudly a.sserted that the Popes of
the Middle ages with their Councils did not invade the rights of Princes
[that is, it was not invasion or usurpation of their rights when l*opes,
their sovereigns, commanded] as lor example Gregory VII., of the
Emperor Henry IV.; Innocent III., of llaymond of Toulouse; Paul
HI. in deposing Henry V^III.; or Pius V., in performing the like
paternal oflice for Elizabeth, i submit, then, that. . . .England is en-
titled to ask and to know in what way the obedience re(|uirud by the
Pope and the Council of the Vatican is to be reconciled with the
integrity of civil obedience. . . .The Pope demands for himself the right
to determine the province of his own rights, and has so defined it in
formal docuinent.s as to warrant any and every invasion of the civil
sphere ; and that this new vers'on of the principles of the Papal Church

jjlllll^

-36-

inexorably l)inds its memberB to the adinisHion of thoRe exorbitant
claims, without any rcfuf!;c or reHcrvatioii on behalf of their duty to the
crown." So far for Mr. Gliulstonc. What sayH Mr. Blake to all thiw?
I hIuUI toll him what Cardinal Manning .sayw, " The Catholic Church
cannot cease to preach the doctrines. . .of the nece8.sity of unity and of
the sovereignty, both spiritual and temporal, of the Holy See;" and
again, '' If then, the civil power be not competent to decide the Ihnitti
of the spiritual power, and if the spiritual power can define, v/hh n
divine certainty, itsoirn limits, it is evidently supreme. . .and if this be
.so, this is the doctrine of the Bull ' Unani Sanctani.' and of the
Syllabus and of the Vatican Council. It is in liict ritraniontanism. . .
any powiT, which is independent, and am alone fix the limits of its 01171
jurisdiction, and can thereby fix the limits of all o^/u;r jurisdictions is,
ipso facto, supreme. But the church, .is all this." On this theory of
Cardinal Maiininj^'s of the ('hurch Mr. ^Jladstone remarks, " Whatever
demands may hereafter, and in whatever circumstances, be made upon
us, we shall be unable to advance with any fairness the plea that it has
been done without due notice/' or that we have been misled, as in the
case of Bishop Doyle.

Why, then, quote the convenient declarations of any underlings of
the C'hurch, as if of final authority ? When any real difli<!ulty arises,
they will eat, or have to eat, their words. And Cardinal Manning
will go the wall, as Bishop Doyle and the Catholic Hierarchy had gone
before him.

Who, then, lacked true insight ? Who failed utterly in true discern-
ment. The poor bigoted Orangemen, or the acute, well-read, .supercilious
lawyer ? Who has been the wor.se Immbuggetl after all ?

But Mr. Gladstone adds further : " It is certainly a political misfor-
tune that, during the last thirty years, a church so tainted in its views
of civil obedience, and so unduly capable of chanf/imj its front and lan-
guage AFTER emancipation from what it had been before — like an actor
who has to perform several characters in one piece, should have acquir-
ed such an extension of its hold," &c.

Mr. Blake tells us that

"No man, any article of ivho^c creed should make htm a slave, would be fit
to control either his own destiny or that of free men. A slave himself, he
would be but a proper instrument to make slaves of others. Such an article of
religion would, in a word, be inconsistent with free institutions, because it
would not permit that liberty of opinion in the individual, which is tbeir very
base and corner stone. (Hear, hear, and cheers.) 3ut we are not confronted
with that difficulty. The public and deliberate utterances of high dignitaries
in more than one Province of Canada have shown that the assertion is un-
founded." — Do they, indeed ? —
And that

" In 1876, an instruction was sent out from the Supreme Congregation of
the Holy Office in these words ;

' The bishops of Canada must understand that the Holy See recognizes the
extreme gravity of the facts reported by them, and that it is particularly de-
plored that the authority of the clergy and of the holy ministry should suffer
thereby. It is, therefore, necessary, to repair the great damage done, to root
up the evil. The cause of these serious inconveniences is to be found in the

lese exorbitant
leir duty to the
Hike to all thisV
atholic Church
of unity and of
loly See ;" and
jcide the limits
define, with a
. . and if this be
II.' and of the
amontanisni. . .
limits of its oini
jurisdictions is,
1 this theory of
rks, " Whatever
, be made upon
plea that it has
iiisled, as in the

ly underlings of
[liffi(!ulty arises,
rdinal Mannin.!;
archy had gone

in true discern-
ad, supercilious
V

political niisfor-
ted in its views

front and lim-
3 — like an actor

Id have acquir-

ve, would be fit
lave himself, he
uch an article of
ions, because it
lich is tbeir very
e not confronted
high dignitaries
assertion is un-

Congregatlon of

ec recognizes the
particularly do-
try should suffer
i^e done, to root
I be found in the

—^7~

divisions that exist among bishops on political subjects, as well as upon other
(piestions that attract attoiUion in ("anada at present. To put an end to these
regrettable dissensions, it will be necessary that the bishops, acting in consort
with Mgr. the Apostolic Delegate sent to Canada, should agree together to
determine what line of action is to be followed by one and all of them with re-
ference to the several political parties.'

And that

* The bishops should be exhorted to observe, in political affairs, the great-
est reserve; considering particularly the (/rtM^'tT of provoking a war against the
Church by the Protestants, who are alre.idy ahowinfiiaufuictnessand irritntion
towards the clergy, ur der pretence that the latter exercise undue influence at
political elections. The clergy should never call any persons by name from
the pulpit, especially if it is to cast discredit upon them in connection with
elections; they should never make use of the ecclesiattical ministry's indu-
iMice to forward particular ends, unless the candidates might become hurtful

, to the real interests of the Cnurch.'

A Now. Sir, that was followed up by tho j>astoral letter and circular
t t wore issued after the arrival of the Delegate Apostolic, ami after

, an understanding had been reached with him in 1877.

I From which pastoral letter Mr. Blake quotes, I not so fully, thus :

I " Electors are always obliged, before God, to give their support to the can-
's didate whom they judge to be truly honest and able to discharge the import-
ant duties confided to his care, which consist of watching the interests of re-
ligion and of the state and to work faithfully ' i this direction."

Yi'U will here, my reader, observe how guardedly and tenderly all
this is done, as if the Catholic Dignitary was treading upon eggs, but
as not to break them. "It is particularly deplored that the author-
ity of the clergy and of the holy ministry should suffer thereby. It is,
refore, necessary to repair the great damage done." Again ; "the
,u "clergy should never call any persons by name from the pulpit," and then
^ wo read of the ^'direction" in which the elector is to work.
' Then Mr. Hlakc quotes, in favour of the open fairness of the Church
■ and its political liberality, a letter Irom Archbishop Lynch to the Hon.
Alexander McKenzie, then Premier, from which I cull a few lines :

"It would be very imprudent in a priest, whose congregation is composed
of liberals and conservatives, to become a warm partisan of cither political
])arty ; it would neutralize his influence for good in too many instances."

A better couujientary on all this seeming desire for fair play and ,
iib.sencc of ''undue influence" is the late letter of this same Archbis. .^.
Ijynch to his faithful Catholic Henchman, Mr. Higgins.

St. Mich.\el's Palace, )
Toronto, Dec. 9, 1882./
" Mv Dear Mr. Higgins, — We are now anxious to sustain the Mowat
(jovernment. If it go, then we shall have Orange rampant, and we may as
7c'ell quit the country. The first act of the new Government will be to incor-
porate the Orange Order, dind then, indeed, the Catholics will suffer. If Catho-
lies do not wish to vote for Mr. Drury, then they need not vote at all. I would
be ashamed of Catholics changing politics for mean purposes, and some so-
called Catholics are doing so, and playing into the hands of the Orangemen.
Alas, there will always be traitors! You, I know, Mr. Higgins, will keep
staunch.

"Yours faithfully,
"(Signed) tjNO. Joseph Lynch,

"Archbishop of Toronto."

TT"

-38-

On these two letters The Tii('(jram cou)nients as follows:

" Read in the light in which it will now be read, there is nothing so very
surprising in Mr. IMaku's anti-Orange speech after all. .\rchbishop I.ynch's
letter, calling upon the Catholics to support the reform candidates, put a dif-
ferent f;>ce on it. The prelate and the politician were working for different
objects. While the polituum ivns aiding the pirlatc to crmh the Onini^e Order,
the prelate 7i'as a'tuing the politieinn to boom the reform party. Each was no
doubt perfectly satisfied with what the other was doing, aiul although, as Mr.
Blake says, there is no understanding between them, we may safely assume
that each teas pleased with the manner in which the game was being played.

As a matter of fact, it has always been protended that the spiritual guides
of our Catholic fellow citizens kept themselves entirely aloof from politics."
.... But here " his grace not only becomes a ' v.arm political partisan ' of Mr.
Mowat, but writes letters in which he calls upon Catholics to vote for the re-
form candidate, or else not vote at all. He goes even further, as he stigmat-
izes as "traitors" those who vote the other way. Has his grace one set of
rules for his priests and another for himself.' Has he one set of principl;!s
for public use, and another for usi; in private ? It would seem so. It is some-
what singular that so shrewd a gentleman as liis grace would write such a let-
ter, to be han'ked around the coustitiieiicv c'd iiseil as a means of infliieiieiiif^
Catholic votes. If he has an> thing to say at election times it would be infin-
itely more in keeping with nis priestly position and character, to say it pub-
licly, and not to stab o.ie of the political parties under the fifth rib in this
underhand way."

This one, letter, l)y the merest Occident, found its way intt) the {>ul)lie
prints. I foil- many ot Iters may have bet-n written by his f;race (or by
his confreres) and only reached the private ears lor which they were
intended, and the e3'es or ears oi those they were meant U> influence,
who can lell ? Or wiiat niay have been iheir cifect in .seiitinf; the
Reform party in power in Ontario. But why the Archbishop and his
fellow-CathiiJies .should have to "(|uit the country " in the event of
the passa<j;e of tho Oranu;e Hill I am at a loss to see. Is there anything
iu the Orange (Jonstitutioii ; has there been anything in the conduct
of Orangemen so outrageous, .so destructive of tlie rights of Catholics;
have they dynamited or boycotted any man of opposing sentiments ; do
they compare so very unfavourably witii other people, that a necessity
might have been laid on his Grace to pull up his stakes, and emigrate
with his whole flock, and build in the wilderness some new Salt Lake
(Jity, beyond the possible c nitamination of such an anti-social and bar-
baious horde ? Or was it any thing more than the looking forward to
possible wounded pride that dictated those highly coloured, passionate,
and exaggerated expressions ?

Ecclesiastics are wont to indulge in such. Ovi'ing to entangic-
mentHS in casuistic >>ibtleties, and the habit, almost forced on them, of
80 ofU'n ('Xj>l(L.i(/-a>v<ij/ aiflieulties, a twist is often given to the mind
itself, which prevents them from looking .straight at things and giving
a plain, honest yes or no. They have an an.^wer to suit the oecas'on —
for the (rhurch, you .see, cannot go wrong, and niu.st not receive injury
at their hands— ami so they palter with themselves, and give you (in
words — and some Ficiichman has said that words were bestowed upon
us to hidf our thoughts) an answer that meets the difficulty We see

i.>

ws:

nothing so very
ibishop Lynch's
i(iate«, put a dif-
inR for different
/((' Oroiifrf Order,
Each was no
although, as Mr.
y safely assume
s being played.

spiritual guides
: from politics."
partisan ' of Mr.
) vote for the re-
r, as he stigmat-
^race one set of
;et of principles
n so, It is some-
write such a let-
i.v of iiijliu'iicinf^
would be iutin-
r, to say it pub-
fifth rib in this

into the pul)lic
s jjrace (or by
liioh thoy were
it U» influence,
in soatin<; llic
bishop and his
I the event of
there anything
n the conduct
H of Catholics;
icntiuients ; do
hat a necessity
and euiiji;rate
lew Salt Lake
social and bar-
ing forward to
ed, passionate,

'i to entangle-
d on them, of
n to the uiind
igB and giving
the oecas'on —
receive injury
give you (in
bestowed upon
ilty We see

—39—

something of t'le process in the words ((juoted by Mr. Blake to uphold
his argument) of the Supreme Congregation of the Holy Office to tbo
Bishops of Canada, thu.s :

" We must, in short, exhort the bishops to observe tlif greatest reserve with
respect to political affairs, espeeially since there is a danger of provoking a
violent uuir against the Church on the part of Protestants, who are already c.x-
iited and irritated at the clergy under the pretext of undue inference in
[lolitical elections.

" Besides, it will always be necessary for the clergy to avoid naming indi-
viduals from the pulpit, and still much more so, if it is for the purpose of dis-
crediting them at elections, and they must never make use of the influence of
their holy office for private ends, except when the candidates might be inju-
rious to the true interests of the Church."

No, tio: Protestants must not be irritated, alarmed — no, there is
danger in that — thenfore, is there need of " the greatest reserve,"
'• avoid naming individuals (then, that had been done) from thi^ puljiit.
This '■ might be uijurious to the true interests of the eliurcli."
First, tile grand assertion is made by the Pope himself, followed by
some great cclesiastic such as Cardinal Manning, the Pope's right-
hand ; then, when men get alarmed at the gresitness of the tyrannous
claims, they begin to prune down, and soften, and unsay, and liiially
almost eat their own words: but '■ verbum irrevocabile " remains
behind, fixed as fate, absolute, condemnatory. Now, the above-quoted
adviee was given in 187(i, and irky ?

Why? Jiecanne Protestants had become "excited and irritated;"
and there was " danger of provoking a violent war against the church."

. ./?(!c'tm.se8ir Alexande;- Gait had written his famous letter (May, 1875)

■ to Treasurer Robertson, saying that things in Lower Canada were being
jiushed to such extremities, that '' tlie rights we enjoy and the safeguards
we possess will be, one by one, attacked, until our position will be so

; iniokrablc as to induce us to become, as their organs even already
term us, aliens or strangers; or force on us such a phi/sical contest as
must be most deplorable :" for says he, "the celebrated Syllabus suffi-

I ciently discloses the (/esi(/n that the regulation of faith and morals is to
be extended to embrace the wlu>le field of human tliought and action:"
and he demanded from tlie government of the day " a public and
explicit declaration that they reject and rei'use to acknowledge
the authority claimed for his church by the Koman Catholic
Ihsliop of Montreal, in all matters pertaining to public law and
the government of the country." Yes, my reader, cock-sureness

! and the Vatican Decrees were beginning to bear their bitter fruit**.
■ For about three years," says iiisho|) Bourget, "the Holy Congrega-
tion of the Propaganda (note who), charged with Apostolic superintend-
ence over this country, has been informed that certain papers allowed
themselves to publish insults to the ecclesiastical authorities. The

I'rcfect of the Holy Coii-iregation reeoinmended, in his letter, the

iJ'sliops to compel, if it were neiessary, those who were guilty in this
particular, to submit to this injunction, by forbidding the I'aithl'ul to read
these papers " (This, mark, was in 18715.) And so, adds the Bi.shop,
"especially must the sacraments be refused to those Editors [CatholicJ

f ■. . /;■

■'■i

—40—

who write such insults, and to those who employ them to edit the news-
papers of which thoy are proprietors." This was Boycotting with a
vens^eancc — the terrors of" the eternal world, and empty purses in this .
I wish Mr. Blake joy of his new Proteges, and 1 ask hiui to remember
that it was not Orangemen who did this. Oh, that he held a brief on
the otner side ! But it was growing too hot for the Prelates, and in
1871) and in 1877 (note the date always) this Prefect of the Holy Con-
gi'egation changed liis tune accordingly. Surely, 3Ir. Blake has been
but Ji poor student of history, or, if not, must iiavo read it to little pur-
pose.

Immediately aftc the decrees of Infallibility had been passed, there
were gi"eat mutual congratulations and rejoicings. With every inch of
canvas set, with a blue sky above, and trar.(|uil waters all around, the
ship of the Pope had left the old Port exultant, passengers and crew
and {.'aptain mutually interchanging words of happy omen, but soon
angry clouds gather in the horizon, and an occasional squall strikes the
ship, and the mates order the crew to trim their sails, for that they are
currying too much canva^;, and soon the storm grows wilder, and the
remaining sheets get torn, and the spars begin to creak, and soon the
new-old ship, damaged and water-logged, has to sail the best she can
under bare poles.

Even so it was : brave words at first: refuse them heavcni and sew up
their pockets : let thi;m starve here and go to the other place hereafter.
They well deserve it, for running counter to the Pope, who has condemn-
ed the freedom of the press, and would gag every one of them, if he
only had the power. But in a few years — nous avons changd tout
cela — they have to trim and unsay, to suit the occasion ; for 1876 is not
1873 or 1875- any one can se thai, -and Bishop Bourget must draw
in his horns, and the Prefect of the llo'y Congreiiation eat his words,
and Archbishop Lynch write liis party letters sciTcth/. I.s it not Mac-
aulay who tc^lls us that a blunder is sometimes wor,><e than a crime;
and this of his grace was one, because it was found out. Yes; that is
what makes it so painful ; it v/iih fourul oift.

Oh, may the honest ( 'atholic say— for Catholics are not to be con-
founded with Catholicisni — Oh, Syllabus; oh, infallibility; into what
a raging sea of troubles have ye not plunged us! Indeed, I doubl my-
self, that if the storm they have raised had been foreseen, the Piiicyclicals
and the Syllabus would ever have taken the shape they have taken,
would ever ha\ e been so penned, and sent out among the nations in
their crude and naked state. In fact, the whole Vatican Council may
])rove by and by so wholly inconvenient, so ludicrously absurd, that its
authorit\' will have to be denied alt<)gether : for was it not a packed
jury of Ultra-Montane Priests and cunninc; Jesuits, and was it not rife
with cabal and intrigue, and scarce any freedom allowed at all, and,
when the final vote was taken, was it not iouna, that those who could
not be cajoled, or coaxed, or intimidated had ju.st left in sorrow or dis-
gust: and, if the iintliority of other councils has been denied, wliy not
that of this ? J' or l*opery, ai'inper eadem in print, can shift its ground.

) edit the news-
cotting with a
purses ill this.
m to romcmber
held a brief on
relates, and in
r the Holy Con-
Hake has been
it to little pur-

n passed, there
li every inch of
ill around, the
igers and crew
men, but soon
|uall strikes the
r (hat they are
t'ilder, and the
, and soon the
e best she can

ven and sew up

place hereafter.

lo hascondeuin-

of them, if he

ps change tout

for 1876 is not

•get must draw

cat his words,

Ls it not Mae-

thaii a erinic ;

Yes; that is

not to t)c con-
ity; into what
d, I doubl niy-
the fjucyclicals
y have taken,
the nations in
n Cyouncil may
bsurd, that its

not a packed
was it not rife
'd at all, and,
ose who could

sorrow or di^-
nied, why not
lilt its ground,

—41—

and change, and contradict itself, and yet be the old infallible Popery
still. What its chid teachers proclaim its doctrines to-day, arc not its
doctrines the next. In Keenan's " Controversial Catechism," having,
the author tells us, "the high approbation of Archbishop Hughes, the
llight Rev. Drs. Kyle and Carruthers ; as well as the approval of the
Right Rev. Dr. Gillisand the Right Rev. Dr. Murdoch," — four of them
Vicars-Apostolic — we read the following :

Q. — ' " Must not Catholics believe the Pope in himself to be infallible ?"
A. — ' " This is a Protestant invention ; it is no article of the Catholic faith;
no decision of his can oblige, under pain of heresy, unless it be received and
enforced by the teaching body — that is, by the bishops of the Church."

Only fancy this being " a Protestant invention"'\ But, as Mr. Glad-
stone says, in the last edition, "the above crucial (juestion and answer
were quietly dropiied out." Thus what is asserted with the utmost
dogmatic confidence in one page is contradicted in the next, and yet,
forsooth, Popery is, throughout and always, the same. I cannot help
thinking that Pius IX would gladly have been rid of the Syllabu.s, if
only he could.

" I see," says Mr. Gladstone, "this great personage (the I'ope) under ill
advice, aiming heavy and, as far as he can make them so, deadly blows at the
freedom of mankind, and therein not only at the structure of society, but at
the very constitution of our nature;"

and yet, with all this .shifting and changing, Mr. HIake is content to
take the convenieut opinion of the underlings of the church.

"Instances," says Dr. Newman, "freiiuently occur when it is successfully
maintained by some new writer that the Pope's act does not imply what it
has seemed to imply ; and (juestions which seemed to be closed are after a
Course cf years re-opened." And, adds Mr. Gladstone, it does not appear whe-
ther there is any limit to this 'course of years.'

This .seems a very convenient doctrine for the semper eadem boast.
Cardinal Newman — but what is his opinion, as of liiial authority, really
worth — tells us, that,

"the lighter punishments, though temporal and corporal, such as shutting up
in a monastery, prison, flogging, and others of the same kind, short i)f effusion
of bk)od, the Chnrch, jure sua, can inllict."

But if the infallible Pope refuses to be held to this, bad and liorrible
as it is, and a.s,serts that liis ./(/,s has the wider range of oven life and
death, who is there to stay his hand ?

For the Church, says Cardinal Manning.

"has a supreme judicial office, in respect to the moral law, over all nations
and over all persons, both governors and governed."

And again ;

" If Christian princes and their laws deviate from the law of (iod, the
Xhurch has authority from God to judge of that deviation, and hy all its pow-
trs to enforce the correction of that departure from justice."

It is true, indeed, that Bishop Vaughan tells us that " it will never,
as we believe, be exercised again ;" but we aie sick of .such very con-
venient unauthorised statements, and refuse to be eomfbrted by them.

But Mr. Blake thinks ihat he has .scored a point against the Orange-

—42—

men of Ontario, and I know so little of the matter really, that I will
not say he has not. 1 wrote to a gentleman in Montreal on the subject,
from whom I received the following reply : '' .Mr. Blake is perfectly
right in saying, as he did, that the Orangemen of Ontario worked [? acted]
in the interest of the Ultramontane party of Quebec. 15ut Mr. Blake
shoulu have added that the reason of this lay in their confomulirKj
the Canadian Conservatives with the British — two paitics bearing the
same name, it is true, but whose aims and traditions are as different as
day and night". . .Again he says, " the Ultra-Conservatives of Quebec
would put all Protestants under the feet of their priests." " There-
fore," he adds, " Quebec Orangemen are for the most part, I believe,
Orits." A good cry is often half the battle, and il was so here,
accordiii,-, to this gentleman. He thinks (and he is no party man)
that the Orangemen were misled by the name Conservative. JJut,
again, he writes me that " in a Protestant country like Ontario, the
Orange brethren should be Conservatives."

But arguing on the supposition that it would be unwise on the part
of Orangemen not to vote Conservative here; how I ask, were they to pre-
oent the pro-priest-rule Catholics from voting Conservative likewise there.

This gentleman also adds, " I very much regret tlie narrow fana-
ticism wliich prevented the passing of the JJill for Orange Incorpora-
tion — a very innocent and iiarmless measure after all. Here in Quebec,
if three priests or half a dozen nuns get together, they get an act of
inoorporatio i without any difficulty, often with exemptions from public
burdens." But in this country of Protestantism— of i'rotestantisui, the
very bulwark of human rights and liberties— our members and legisla-
tors are generally so alarmed at the idea of losing the Catholic vote,
that they are willing, rather than lose it, to burke or dodge any
mesusuje that seems likely to offend them, no matter how just it may be
in itself. Conservatism and (Jritisui sway us too much, when right
and truth should be our highest aims. I hope, however, that
neither in Ontaiio nor in Quebec will Orangemen be again misled, but
will come to an understanding in the matter, and be governed by things,
not by mimes.

But if, as Archbishop Lynch lets it escape him, in his secret letter to
Mr. Higgins, that he is " most atixious to sustain the Mowat Govern-
ment," in as much as " the first act of the new [Conservative] govern-
ment would be to incorporate the OriUige order ;" and if Orangemen
were, cfjually with the Archbishop, aware, that their chances were nil
under a Grit administration, but that they were certain of success under
a Conservative one, were they to fling from them their one onh/ chance
of gaining an object so dear to them, by voting against the only patty
who were willing to <lo anything for them ? And if the implication
involved in the Archbishop's letter bo corroot, I d" not see how any
Orangeman henceforth can vote for Mr. IMake or Mr. Mowat. And if
the party, on either side, will not do them justice — will not come out
fairUj and squareli/ on the (juostion — will not by their votes and open
advocacy commit themselves to tiiis fair statement— -that, while they

the

for

tUy, that I will
oil the subject,
ke is perfectly
orkcd [? acted]
But Mr. Blake
;ir confoundirKj
ies bearing the
as different as
Lives of Quebec
;ts." " Tlicre-
part, I believe,
I was so here,
no party uiau)
jrvative. But,
:e Ontario, the

se on the part
ere thoy to;)/'e-
i likewise there,
e narrow tana-
mge Incorpora-
lerc in Quebec,
f get an act of
ons from public
JtestJintisui, the
ers and legisla-
e C'Jitholic vote,
; or dodge any
sv just it may be
ch, when riglit
however, that
tain misled, but
erned by things,

s secret letter to
Mowat Govern-
rvative] govcrii-
1 if Orangemen
hances were nil
of success under
one onh/ chance
t the only pai ty
the implication
not see how any
klowat. And if
ill not come out
votes and open
that, while they

—43—

incorporate the Peres Oblats and Catholic Bishops, thoy will not deny
incorporation to a body of Protestants, whose avowed principles are at
once just and tolerant, and whose conduct, as an organization, is citizen-
like and good — then, I say, putting iiside Mr. Blake and Mr. Mowat
on the one part, and Sir John Macdonald on the other, if thci/ are
unwilling to go xoith them zealously and fully in a solemn matter of
equal, impartial right, let them choose as a leader some honest, fearless,
outspoken man, who will refuse no one his rights, be he Catholic or
Orangeman ; but will act towards all alike as (he common citizens of a
common country. We have been governed too long on a principle of
balancing and expediency : let us open a n(!W chapter in our history,
and see how it will answer to govern on a principle of right. If justice
bt( the interest of every man, can we not I'orego party, and work for
right. If Orangemen ever advocate Protestant ascendency, they only
meati thereby the ascendency of the gre it Protestant principle of civil
and religious liberty equally for all, not some specialty of privilege only
for themselves; nor have they, in saying this, an esoteric doctrine for
the initiated, but a more convenient one for outsiders. What they
speak they think ; and they aio ready to guarantee to Catholics heartily
the equal liberty to think and speak, too.

Protestants have differences of opinion amongst themselves, which
proves two things (firstly), that they are free ; and, so, think, as if we
were not automatons but men ; and (secondly) I hat the lireed of ibols
is not yet extinct; for they often differ where the matter is plain
enough. But St. Paul tells us, that the Christians of his day (Kom :
xiv:) differed in opinion, and yet he finds no fault with them for doing
6o, but only with those who tried dogmatically to impose on them their
own belief. But Catholics agree not in what they think, but only in
this, that they resolve to think alike — to think as the church thinks,
without knowing really what, on many p )ints, the church does think.

Mr. BlaUo may have done a good slioko t»( liusinoss tbi- himself
uiid his party by his fierce onslaught on Oraiigeism. and by tho
toothsome morsel of gentle palluitivo and sweet excuses he has
otfered for Popery. But if I can rea<l liistory aright ; if I can
trace cH'ecIs to their pregnant causes, and deihu'c IVom principles
their sure results; then, has he dealt a heavy lilow to the sacred
cause of humanity and tiMith ; nor can 1 believe that great (and it
was a great) speech would ever Imvo been made, if tho same large
majority of Orangemen had voted with liini, that were wont to
vote ft)r his opponent.

1 m3'self, on ono specially exciting occasion, was treated not
ovoi'-gcntly by some Orangemen, who either mistook me, or
thoi'ght differently from me. But am 1 to judge too harshly of
_men, when tlie cool intellect Is in tomporaiy aheyance, and passion
foi' the moment takes the places of leasoii ; and is it ever sak* or
wise tf) attribute to a whole hmiy what may lie trne ol only a lew
or f)f many of them.

But why — and here 1 suppose I iiave Mr. Blake on my side —

—44—

these fcJirful und arrogant claims of such oxorhitant powoi's on the
part of Catholicism ? On what foundation are they built? A
claim so momentous in its consequences, so dangerous to human
liberty and social well-being, ought, surely, to be stated in the
most unequivocal language, to be fortitied by the most unassail-
able arguments, and to rest securely on the widest and most solid
basis ; whereas, on the contrary, the whole thing is like a inverted
pyramid, its claims and pretensions growing up and swelling out
in exact proportion to the slightness of the base on which they
are built. It is one long series of assumptions, largely dependent
ibr their credibility on the loudness and daringness and constancy
with which they arc shouted.

But once admit, in opposition to Scripture, reason, and common
sense, the force of human :ind churchl}- authority, and you are on
the slope that leads downward towards the lowest ])it of mental
slaveiy and whole intellectual I'cnunciation, till, at length, all
natural ol jccts swim unceitain before your eyes, and you can
believe, or dream you believe, any thing und every thing no mat-
ter how absurd, even that a wafer, however like a wafer it looks,
and tastes, and handles, contains and is the body of a man who,
eighteen centuries betbrc, walked and talked with his disciples in
Galilee, and that his flesh, and bones, and whole body are between
the eater's teeth. Truly might the Philosopher Averoes, in the
eleventh century, in presence of this inci'edible (but as he thought.
Christian) belief, exclaim, "1 have enquii-cd into all religions, and
have found none more foolish than that of the Christian, because
that very God thoy worship, they with their teeth devour.'' Yet
give yourself over with childish ciedulity to authority, and you
may believe (as the child believes the Arabian Nights' Entertain-
ments) any thing whatever, antl hug yourself in the thought that
(credo quia incrcdihilc) the more incrciiible the greater the merit
of the tiuth. Then may you believe with IJomo, that a man
acknowledged ly a bad man, or a heretic, oi- an unl)eliever may yet
bo an infiillible Poj)e. And what a ])icture of things dt)es the
Koman Catholic historian, Baronius, present of the tenth century
of the church.

" Behold," says he, "the gooth year of the Redeemer begins, in which a
new age commences, which by reason of its asperity and barrenness of good
has been wont to be called the ii'on age, and by reason of the deformity of its
exuberant evil the leaden age, and by its poverty of writers the dark age.

" To our shame and grief be it spoken, how many monsters, horrible to
behold, were intruded by them — the I'rincess — into that seat, (the seat of the
Popes.) How many evils originated from them, how many tragedies were
perpetrated. With what filth, it was her fate to be besprinkled, who had been
without spot or wrinkle, with what stench to be infected, with what impuri-
ties to be defiled, and by these things to be blackened into perpetual infamy
. . . .These were unhappy times, when each I'ope,thus intruded, abolished the
acts of his predecessors."

" What was then the face of the Holy Roman Church. How exceedingly
foul was it, when most powerful r.nd sordid, and abandoned woman ruled at
Rome, at whose will the sees were changed. Bishops were presented, and

: poworH on the
hoy built? A
I'ous to Imniiui
» stated in the
most unassiiil-
jind most solid
like Ji inverted
id swellinj^ out
oil which they
i^eiy dependent
I and constancy

n, and common

and you are on

. pit of mental

at length, all

, and you can

• thing no tnat-

waier it looks,

of a man who,

his disciples in

Jy are between

\vei'oes, in the

t, as he thought,

1 I'eligions, and

•istian, because

devour.'" Yet

lorit)/, and you

its' Knlertain-

e thought that

ater (lie merit

that a man

iliever may yet

hings dt)es the

! tenth century

egins, in which a
irrenness of good
e deformity of its
the dark age.
isters, horrible to
t, (the seat of the
ly tragedies were
led, who had been
ith what impuri-
perpetual infamy
led, abolished the

How exceedingly

woman ruled at

e presented, and

—45—

what is horrid to hear, and unutterable, /n/s^ Pontiffs — their lovers — were in-
truded into the chair of Peter."

Such were these beautiful middle ayes, when this system was at
its height, and had full play and swing, with no Orangeism to
confront it. I think it is much improved to-day by being so con-
iVonted. Hut wliat of the succession ? Or wore these, too, true
pi) pes ?

liut if Orangemen believe to-day, — and Lord Acton and the
]*ope tell tlioin they are right in believing — that tlie old deoroos
and the old line of conduct (owing to the Popes never being able
to recede from any position once taken, tied as they are to it by
their beautiful infallibility) must always be persisted in, are the}'
Very terribly deserving of censure, if they fail to be blinded to the
real trutth, or *o be won over as easily as Mr. Blake has been by u
little soft solder of words ; and if, therefoi-c, they contirnie their
little organization and prepare themselves for future possible even-
tualities.

My arguments ai'O not intended to be directed against Catholics
but — a wholly different thing — against Catholicism. Catholics do
not know that the principles of Catholicism really are what they
ai(^ i-eally. They can hardly believe that the ])rinciples of the
Syllabus and the iiak d statements of Lord Acton truly represent
the immutable principles of frank Catholicism. If Catholics will
listen to the words o, ruiison, to the plain teaching of Christ, and
to the princi|)los and advice of Orangemen ; if, on im])artial inves-
tigation, they find what I have urged to be true, and will come
over to the side of freedom and humanity, then will there be no
longcM- any need of Orangeism. To-ilay Poj^ery is the Pope. The
whole matter, therefore, lies in a nutshell, Mr. Blake! Let the
Po|)ci ])ronounce, in unmistakeable language, officially, that, as far
as persecution in any shape or degree is concei'ned, it was an
egregious crime and folly, and that the whole past in this parti-
cular was a terrible nightmare of the mind, from which the church
has at length awakened, and has resolved henceforth to persecute
no more, but to act foi" the time to come in the spirit, and up to
the letter of the plain commands of (Mirist: let him decree simply
and authoritatively that henceforth jiersecution for any departure
fi'oin the belief held by him is morally and legally a crime; and
I, tor one, will henceforth live content; and Protestants will be
only too glad to allow him and his people to hold what creed or
speculative opinions they choose. Let Mr. Blake with the aid of
the (/'atholic llierairhy effect this for us — it ought not to be very
ditHcidt, if, indeed, the Pope and the Bisnops are really at one on
the sulyect — and the Orangemen and the whole Protestant com-
munity, fiirgetting his .speech, will owe him and llis Holiness such
a debt of gratitude as can never be rojiaid.

But this would have to be conceded not as an up and down see-
saw of expediency, to suit the convenience of the hour; but frank-

-W

^>i'

-46-

ly ^^ranlod as a pi-ogiianl pi-inciplo of right, and not by tho under-
lings of office liovvovoi- lii;;li, l>ut l)y the central and supremo head
ofCutliolicisni himself. It would not do to have it come to u^
couched in the kind of language of Archbishop Lynch to Mr.
Mackenzie, " It would be ver}' hnprude)it in a priest. ..ti) become it
warm pai-tisan of either ])arty. It would neutralize his influence
for <;()od"--a j>recep(, be it remarked, which Archbishop Lynch
scarcely observed liiinsell: or did he conceive its application wan
excused to the higher order of the Hj)isco])ate : or did he regard
the whole thing as a matter of pure ex|)ediency — a "prudent" con-
cession in a free country to the spiritof tho age, and forced on him
through fear of the irritated I'rotestants taking alarm. The com-
ments of the Mail on this letter ai-e so good, that 1 cannot forbear
quoting them. " li" says this brilliant writer,

" the crisis was one in which the Church was in clanger, why not have boldly
issued a pa'^^toral ? Why not have instructed his bishops and priests ? Why
should he have selected this infelicitous intoxicant to be the agent of his
wishes ? Simply because his Cirace knew that the rul)bish in that letter was
rubbish and something worse, and that no man of sense would believe a word
of it — though it might have its due effect among the people of lesser intelli-
gence, to whom necessarily and mainly it would be read."

1 read Mr. Hluke's s])ecch throughout with great care, and the
impression made on me by reading it and by some things that
have been done in this parliament, is this, that, in Mr. Blake's es-
timate of it, Oi'angeism is an unmitigated nuisance, a dangerous
and disintcgi'ating elcmeiil in the social compact-, which ('atholic-
ism IS not; and that the Orangtuiian is so evil a member of society,
that, while a Catholic Bishop may hecome, by the Act of the
Dominion Parliament, a corporation soU; to hold j)roj)erty, an
Orangeman ought not to be suffered to hold a single foot of soil
for the purposes of his order l)y such Act.

It seems so sti-ange that, in a country all whose institutions are
supposed to be based on the principle of equal human lights, an
organization founded on the jn'inciple of inequality of I'ights, ex-
elusiveness, and domincei-ing, and which always has been and
now is u disturbing and dangerous element in society, should be
granted by special legislation special privileges ; and that a Pro-
testant orgaidzation, founded on the opposite principles, i.e., on
tliose of only equal rights, should be denied them. That while
the one jjarty gets what it wants by direct action, the other is re-
fused it in our Dominion; and even in Protestant Ontario can
obtain, only by indii-ect, circuitous, and expensive modes of pro-
cedure, the ])()wei- to hold a tool of land for the purposes of thinr
organization. Again, as Orangemen argue — J quote from a quo-
tation cited by Mr. Hlake —

"We must not permit any })olitical feeling in this matter, as it is very im-
portant to our institution to liave a Dominion Act of incorporation.

" Without such Act, our noble brethren in tlie I'rovince of (Quebec will be
without one, as you all know it is no use for them to ask for incorporation in
their Provincial Legislature, where Protestants are in the minority."

t by the uiulei'- *
1 supremo head

it C'onio to Us
Lynch to Mr.
it... to become a
zo his influonco
hbisbop Lync'li
application was

did be i-egai-d
, "prudent" con-
d torced on liin)
iiin. Tlie coni-

cannot forbear

tiy not have boldly
lul priests ? Why
! the agent of his
I in that letter was
luld believe a word
le of lesser intelli-

it care, and the

ine thin^M tliat

Mr. Blake'H es-

ce, a dangerous

vvliicb (Jatiiolic-

Mnberot'society,

till! Act of Uie

I pi'operty, an

gle foot of soil

institutions are
man i igbts, an
y of I'igbts, ex-
has been and

;ieiy

should bt

[II

id that u Pro-
inci])les, i.e., on
m. That wiiilo
tlie otlier is le-
it Ontario can

nioiios of pro-
rpose.s of theii'
>te fi'oni a quo-

r, as it is very im-
oration.

of (Quebec will be
• incorporation in
linority."

—47—

Such an aol, hy covering the whole field, would give fo all
equal rights, smd even Mr. Blake allows that there are cjwen that
justify interfei-encc.

An inciilent most laughable, if it bad not been so ])ainful, as
indicative of the temper of Commons' House, and of their ])lain
injustice, oi /urred at the moment of the rejection of the Orange
Incorporation Bill, .lust as the Speaker from his chair had an-
■ noiinced, as the result of the voting, lh:il the Orange Bill was lost,
a message came from the Senate to say, that the bill foi- the incor-
))i>ration of the {{ev'ds. " Peres Oblats," a Catholic; fraternity, the
Hworn friends of Ji»me, had |)assod, at which there was a regular
titter. It is thus that we are battled and laughed at. It is all
considered a good joke.

If the ()rangem:in wants an act of incorporation, argues Mr.
Blake, let him go to his Proviiu^ial Pai'liament lor it. But he did
go, and when liis plea was gi-antcd by the chosen n^presentativcH
of the people of Ontario, the Bill was reserved for the imprimatur
of the (rovernor (leneral, who sent it back, since it lay within the
Comj)etency of the Provincial (Jovernment to conlirm it. Thiiti
is the Orangeman met everywhere with obsti-uction, tossed among
the politicians, like a shuttlecock, fi-om hand to hand. ]Iit him
hard, ho has no fi-iends !

Xow, if Protestaitts were to ai'gue that Catholicism i-» the Pope,
tlie sole authoritative voice in Catholic Christendom, and that he
has jtronounced the verdict of condemnation of such beliefs as
form the basis of modei-n society and of our most pronounced
civilization — coiupiosts won from barbai'ism and intolerance — and
that, thei'cfore, the ('atholic Church ought not to be allowed an
act of incorporation to enable it to hold a foot of grouml, how
woidd not the country ring with the insults ottered to the faith of
Catholics, and with the cry of Protestant intolerance.

Vor myself lot mo say, that I have ever boon the steady friend
Oi" Catholics, ulw.'iys conceiling to them, an<l demanditig for ttiem,
e([ual and unstinted rights, as men and citizens; though not, 1 say
it iVankly, as Catholics. To some of them I am sincerely attached.
One of them, Father Stafford, was an intintate and ever welcome
friend, who seldont came to Kingston without coming out cA' his
way to see me and mine; and, without my ever failing to declare
full}' my protesting o])inions, we always lived in the mutual inter-
change ot' little kindnesses and courtesies to the end. And I
know that in my family, and b}' many Protestants in Kingston
and elsewhere, his too early <loath has been deeply deplored. My
difticulty is not with Catholics, but with the Pope, llis proniin-
eiamentos against almost all that 1 hold most dear and cherished
in the world — against the very vital bonds and ligaments that hold
together all free societies, and without which — to all who have a
8<>ul left in them — life itself were intolerable; against free speech,
a iVea press, i'vin} thought, anil free institutions; and, so, to have

lull I

-48-

to i'vci our hearts out, like 11 newly caged bird,uii(l boat ourwiiigH
in vain against the fate tiiat wires us in, when the free air and
open sky and glorious sunshine lie outside us, hut are not ours ;
and, whei'e the stinnulating tbod of congenial thought invites the
iiealtliy Galileo-appetite within to feast and bo satisfied, how
terrible to be f<)rced to accept hypoei'itically an einj>ty lie and (^all
it living trut ; and, thiotigh fear of the rack and stake, never to
dare to open our mouths honestly, while our thoughts, all the
while, burn within us, and wo long to give them vent; to be
denied the ])leasure that comes from the interchange ol honest
thought, and the hunum sympathy of free, truth-loving minds,
and only allowed to say our amen to every utterance of senility
in its second chiklhood ; this wore unbearable, indeed. Yet su"li
was the state of things, wholly intolerable to free minds, under
Popery of old, and such woulil it be again, if Jlome could only
bring it back.

Now. is there any thing like this, Mr. Blake, in tlie Orango
prograiume? Docs not the constitution that b'nds them guaran-
tee equal freedom and c(|ual rights, the world over, to every
citizen of tlie con\nion-u'e:il, be he Catholic or Protestant, Negro,
Jew or Indian. Are they not banded logethei' in dofonce of
human rights, and not to destroy them.

My concern throughout this ])aper, as I have said, has not been
with Catholics, but with Catholicism. I am far from affirnung,
what r do not l>elieve, that Catholics are saturated with the
(•|unions of the V^atican, or that Ihey are ojjposed to what the
Pope opposoH, or cherish in their hearts what he contcmj)lates in
his. I do not bc^lieve that there are great numbers of just and
thoughtful Catholics who would state in so many words, oi- in the
substance of them, as tluur deliberate belief, what the Pope sends
forth to the world in his Syllabus and Encyclicals and other utter-
ances as his.

But those definitions of the Pope are irreversible by any one.
Pope Pius, " P(»ntilicatus nostri Anno XXV".," I'.imself tolls us,
that thoy are so ; thus: "pro suprema sua Apostolica auctoritate
. . .idioque ejus Jlomani Pontificis definitions ex sose non autem
ex consensu lOccle^iic irreformabiles esse." But as Mr. Gladstorno
says, " Far be it from me to make any Roman Catholic, except
the gi'cat hierarchic ])ower, and those who egged it on, responsible
for the portentous proceedings which he have witnessed" in the
doings of this Vatican Council : anil, again, "the claim now made
upon him [the Catholic] by the authority which ho solemnly...
acknowledges i-equircs him to surrender his mental and moral
freedom, and to place his loyalty and civil duty at the mercy of
another." And, so, when Magna Charta was forced from King
John, Pope Innocent II I. |)ronounce(l his popely anathema against
it. How strange, then, in view of all this, sound ihe words of the
great Catholic Bishop Doyle to Lord Liverpool in 1826, " We are

; Ch

I St.
pre

ju.'.

)Oiit ourwintjjs
3 free air Jiiul
arc not ours ;
ht invitoH the
HutiHtiod, liow
)ty lie Jind call
lake, novel- to
)UghtH, Jill th(i
n vent ; to be
nf^c ot lionost
-loving inindH,
K'O ot »enility
)ed. Yet su"li
e minds, nnder
mo could only

in tlie Oningo |
1 them gnaran-
)ver, to eveiy |
teslant, Negro, |
in (lelcnce of

d, has not been |
iVom affliming, |
i-aled with Iho [i
•d to what the
ontem])latert in |
ei-K of just and |
vords, or in the ^
the Pope isends
md other utter-

)le by any one. .

imself tells us, |

lica auctoritate

.ese non aiitem
Mr. GladstoHG

Catholic, except
on, responsible

tnessed" in the
laim now made

he solemnly. . .

ntal and moral
t the mercy of
•c'd from King-
lit hema against

he words of the
1826, " We are

—49—

taunted with the proceedings of I'opos. What, my Lord, liuve wo
Catholics to do with the pi-ocoedings of Popes, or why should wo
be made accountable for them?"

Before closing this paper, I cannot i-esist the temptation of
quoting some passages from a late very eloquent and well-
reasoned sermon, preached to the Orangemen ot St. John, New
Brunswick, by the Kev. T. F. Fotheringham, (and brought under
my notice after a good part of this had been printed) on the text
Mark xiii : 24, '• Do ye not therefore err because ye know not the
Scriptuies."

To the Orangemen he says :

"You publish your constitution to the world that all who will read may
know the tie which binds you together and the objects aimed at in your or-
ganization. You are secret in so far that you claim the right possessed by
every society of transacting its business in private, adopting measures for
recognizing its members and testing their claims to brotherhood. You rest
upon a noble historic basis, commemorating in your name one of the grandest
men that ever lived, and in your chief anniversary the triumph of principles
which must ever be dear to the lovers of civil and religious liberty."

Then, in contrast to the woi-ds of Christ in this text, he says,

" In his ' Syllabus of Errors,' published in 1864, the late Pius IX. classes
together in sec. iv., ' Socialism, communism, secret societies. Biblical socie-
ties and clerico-liberal societies,' adding, ' pests of this kind are frequently
rebuked in the severest terms.' The Freeman's Journal affirms, ' The Bible
Society is the deepest scheme ever laid by Satan in order to delude the human
family, and bring them down to his eternal possession,' and Bishop Spotts-
wood declares, ' I would rather a half of the people of this nation should be
brought to the stake and burned, than one man should read the Bible, and
form his judgment from its contents.' "

Again says he,

"Bir'iop O'Connor of Pittsbugh is frank enough to say, 'Religious liberty
is merely endured until the opposite can be carried into effect without peril to
the Catholic world' (Rome in America, p. 11), and the Archbishop of St.
Louis proclaims in his Shepherd of the Valley (April 10, 1852), 'If ever
Catholics gain — which they certainly will do— an immense numerical
majority, religious freedom in this country is at ane nd. So say our enemies,
so we believe.' "

And once more, he adds,

"The late Vatican Council declared 'whoever says that Christ has confer-
red upon the Church the power to direct only by advice and persuasion those
who turn aside, not to compel them by orders, by coercion, and by external
verdicts and statutory punishments, let him be anathema.' (Rome in Am. p.
88). And in so deciding, it only formulated the opinions of the greatest
theologians of the Church. Dens, whose theology is a text book in many
Roman Catholic seminaries, says: 'It is the duty of the Roman Catholic
Church to compel heretics, by corporal punishment, to submit to the faith,' and
St. Thomas Aquinas, the study of whose writings has been revived under the
present occupant of the Pontifical throne, is of the opinion 'that heretics are
justly punished with deatli.' "

But the whole sermon merits the deepest attention of all who
desire to see how things s'and really between Uome and us. And
if Mr. Blake thinks so highly of the statements of the dignitaries
of the church, and is content with them, he has full opportunity
of studying them heie. Still if we want to know what ically
^ Catholicism is, we must go to the fountain-head of all authoritj',
the infallible Pojie, and not to either emphasising or explaining-
away cardinals or bishops or anyone, but to the Popes themselves.

cr^.

—50—

Thou wo i^ot awa^-fi'om all tlio Kce-Mawiii^ of convenient intcipic-
Uition to the ipsissirna verba of infallibility itself.

But Mr. Blake, led by the nose l»y convenient unauthoiizod
Htalenu'ntrt of the undorlin^H, and uiiwainod by the woids of
Bifthoj) Doylo and the Catholic Hierarchy, and ignoi-ing, or being
uninfbi-med as to the real Hlato of the cat-e, as I have sliewn you
above, (luotes for disapprobation the language of that stout
defender of Oi'angeism, Mi-. White ot Kast Hastings; thus:

" The day vva.-. not far distant, if we did not show more pluck and courage
in opposing the growing injlncncc of the Papacy in this Province, when we
should be obliged to fight, not as Conservatives or Reformers, but as Protes-
tants, to free ourselves from the trammels which Rome's agents sought to
place on us and our institutions."

and thought he had, so, gained an easy victory. But think you
that, in u court of law, Mr. Blake would have been satisfied with
the testimony of the dofiandant, or with a copy or pseudcvcopy,
when he might luive the original document itself.

And is there anything so terribly unieasonable in the following
resolution of the Middlesex County Orange Lodge, also (quoted
by Ml-. Blake :

"That the County Lodge of the County of Middlesex of the Loyal Orange
Association is of opinion, that while those who last year voted for our incor-
poration did but their duty in having shown their willingness to accord us
those rights which we, as Orangemen, arc ever ready to extend to all sections of
Her Majesty's loyal sul>jecis, wc lidvc uu wuids to sufficiently express our
strong condemnation of the course of those Protestant representatives,
especially from Protestant Ontario, who from political spleen voted to deny
us (their Protestant fellow-citizens) those rights which they are always
willing sycophantly to grant to Roman Catholics ; Resolved, further, that we,
the Representatives of the Orangemen of the County of Middlesex, will not
be satisfied until our full rights in the matter of incorporation are properly
accorded to us, our motto being ' No Surrender and no compromise,' and that
a copy of the resolutions be sent to the public press."
or in those (also ([uotcd by him) of Col. Tyrwhill :

"He counselled organization and unity on the part of all Protestants irre-
spective of politics in order to stem the aggressive march of the Papacy in this
our beloved Dominion."

Mr. (rladstone, sliockcd and grieved by the Vatican Decrees, and
by the Encyclicals and S^'Uabus of the Pope, had written a very
able pamphlet on the subject, which was assailed on all sides by
Catholics tvith a perfect storm of words; after leading which
with due attention, he wrote a rejoinder, in which he {iflfiims that,
instead of over-stating the case, he had understated it. F'lom this
rejoinder, at the risk of seeming tedious, 1 make the following
quotations:

" The Vatican Decrees do, in the strictest sense, establish for the Pope a
supreme command over loyalty and civil duty.

" Not even against tneii who voted under pressure, against their better
mind, for these deplorable Decrees — nay, not even against those who resisted
them and now enforce them — is it for me to utter a word of censure. The
just appreciation of their difficulties, the judgment of their conduct, lies in a
region far too high for me. To assail the system is the Alpha and Omega of
my desire ; and it is to me matter of regret that I am not ablo to handle it
as it deserves without reflecting upon the persons, be they who they may, that
have brought it into the world ; have sedulously fed it in its weakness ; have
reared it up to its baleful maturity ; have forced it upon those who n )w force

■nt iiitcrprc-

iimuthorizcd

woi dM of

ig, or being

^liewn you

that stout

thus :

< and courage

'ince, when we

but as Protcs-

snts sought to

it think you
latisticd with
pficudo-copy,

the followinij;
, also (juoted

e Loyal Orange
i for our incor-
5s to accord us
all sections of
tly express our
representatives,
n voted to deny
ley are always
urther, that we,
dlesex, will not
on are properly
omise,' and that

I'rotestants irrc-
Papacy in this

Decrees, and
•itten a very

all sides by
jading which

{iffiims that,

. From this

the following

for the Pope a

nst their better
ose who resisted
f censure. The
Dnduct, lies in a
a and Omega of
bio to handle it
they may, that
veakness ; have
who n jw force

—51—

it upon others ; are obtaining for it from day to day fresh command over the
pulpit, the press, the confessional, the teacher's chair, the bishop's throne ; so
that every father of a family, and every teacher in the Latin communion,
shall, as he dies, be replaced by some one more deeply imbued with the new
colour, until at the last, in that moiety of the whole Christian family, nothing
.shall remain except an Asian monarchy ; nothing hut one giddy height of des-
potism, and one dead level of religious subserviency.

..." 1 must avow, then, that 1 do not feel exactly the same security for the
[future .is for the present. Still less do I feel the same security for other lands
as for this.

. ." I am confident that if a system so radically bad is to be made or kept
innocuous, the first condition for attaining such a result is that its movements
I should be carefully watched, and, above all, that the bases on which they
■ work should be faithfully and unflinchingly exposed. Nor can I quit
this portion of the subject without these remarks. The satisfactory views of
Archbishop Manning on the present rule of civil allegiance have not pre-
vented him from giving his countenance as a responsible editor to the lucu-
brations of a gentleman who denies liberty of conscience, and asserts the
right to persecute when there is the power ; a right which, indeed, he has not
himself disclaimed.

" Nor must it be forgotten that the very be:t of all the declarations we have
heard from those who allow themselves to be entangled in the meshes of the
Vatican Decrees, are, every one of them, uttered subject to the condition that,
upon orders from Rome, if such orders should issue, they shall oe qualified or
retracted or reversed.
iM ' A breath can lojmake them, as a breath has made.'

oH . . ." And when Dr. Newman, not being Pope, contradicts and nullifies
Avhat the Pope declares, whatever we may wish, we can not renounce the use
ef our eyes.

. . ." The lesson received is this. Although pledges were given, although
their validity was firmly and even passionately asserted, although the subject-
fnatter was one of civil allegiance, ' no pledge from Catholics,' says Cardinal
|>Jc\vmaii, ' was of any value to which Rome was not a party.'

. . ." But this was the very assurance which, not a single and half-recog-
Ijized divine, but the whole synod of Irish prelates gave to the British Gov-
ernment in i8io, and which the Council of the Vatican has authoritatively
falsified."

What, then, is the real value of Mr. Blake's quotations fi'om
dignitaries of the chuich. Are they not the em])ticst woi-ds— yo.t;
et pra'terea nihil — but not a feather's weight of consequence as
argument. Oh, that — unless he sees the error of his ways — he
would eschew politics, and confine himself to the bar where his
great talents, and eloquence, and reasoning powei-s aie sui-e, as
they ever have been, to be fully appi-eciated. But, oh, no politics,
until he is bettor read on the subject !

I have shewn you how the theory of the church and her dog-
matic teaching influence not onlj' men's sjieculative opinions or
tnodcs of thinking, but their political actions; and as a notable
example of this, 1 cite a passage quoted by Mr, Blake in his gieat
speech :

" In conversation, along with twenty other gentlemen, with Sir Hector
Langevin, Mr. Bunting said : ' Sir Hector, we must have incorporation '
VVhat was the reply ? Sir Hector said : ' So far as incorporation is concerned,
I personally wish you to have it, but I am opposed to all secret societies,

because my church is opposed to them My bishops and priests tell us.

the members of the church, not to vote for and support any such societies.' "

Personally I wish you to have it ; but my church says, No : and

I, the echo of her voice, say no, accordingly. The priests and

bishops "tell" me what to do, and I do it. My politics and my

—52—

conMicncc are in keeping of the church, and what she cornniands,
1 anil bound to execute

"To-day," says Mr. Blake, " what are you [Orangemen] doing ? You are
promoting these calumnies in reference to another church. You are coming ]
forward and declaring that the tenets of this church, which you do not hold,
are detestable, and fhat every true Protestant must take the same position."

But I think I have proved by the amplest and clearest evidence,
that far from being calumnie.*, they are the gravest and most un-
deniable of truths.

If anywhere 1 may seem to hav3 spoken in too strong terms of |
Mr. Blake 1 hope I may be paidoned, especially, if I take shelter
under the example he has himself set me, when he says,

" I say that men will be misled by designing politicians, who are using the I
cloak of religion and the cloak of charity to promote party politics."

Now, that wo may have an idea of the kiud of education toj
which we should be subjected, if Home had her way, I quote the
following fi'om Bishop Charboiniel :

'• Jesus Christ has confided the mission of instruction, which has civilized;
the world, to no others than the Apostles and their successors to the end of|
time.

" It is their right so sacred and inalienable, that every wise and paternal I
government has made lav.-s respecting instruction only in harmony with theS
teaching of the Church — the Bishops united to their supreme and universal!
Head ; and this right 's so inviolable, that of late, as well as in former times, ini
France, in Belgium, in Prussia, in Austria, as in Ireland, the Bishops, witlif
the Pope, have done everything to overthrow or modify every School or Univer-\
sity system opposed to the mission given by Jesus Christ to his sacred j
College."

" It is here," comments a vigorous writer, " clearly claimed, that the Popej
and Bishops of the Roman Catholic Chuach are the only persons authorized!
by God himself to direct the education of youth, and therefore, that all others!
undertaking that work are invading the prerogative of God ; that all legisla-
tion on the subject must have the sanction of ' the Bishops with the Pope ;',
and that they have done, and will do, all in their power to overthrow or|
modify every system of public instruction, /ra;// the School to ihc University,
which is not under their control."

No, Mr. Blake : if you seem to have forgotten that " eternall
vigilence is ihe price " that libei'ty exacts from her lovers, thcl
Orangeman his not forgotten; but is ready at all times to standi
up not for his own liberties onl}', but is b<>und, by the very conT
stitution which makes him one, to grant to others the rights andj
liberties he claims for himself. Is there any Itosnish constitufioiil
that rings out the same clear note that does his ? It so, (and, oh,|
that it were so) let him shew it. But let him not throw us backl
on unauthorized teachers, and pseudo-copies and convenient coun|
sels and interpretations, but give us the original. Orangemen arei
prepared to shew him thcir's, about which, in its clear ringiui,'
language there can be no mistake.

What Orangemen want, then, is, not to suppress or bo supJ
pressed, but only a fair open world for themselves and all meii.|
Nothing more they ask, and nothing less will they take.

J. ANT I SELL ALLKNI

Owing to circumstances unnecessary to relate, the publication of tliisi
pamphlet has been unavoidably delayed.

J. A. A.

; she cominands,

] doing ? You are
You are coming j
;h you do not hold,
tie same position."
learest evidence, :
st and most un-

strong terras of j
f I take shelter
e says,

, who are using the j

' politics."

of education to I

,vay, I quote the;

which has civilized I
ssors to the end of j

wise and paternal I
harmony with the|
■eme and universal!
5 in former times, inl
I, the Bishops, withj
■y School or C7;i«wr-|
irist to his sacred |

med, that the Pope!
persons aiUhorizedf
ifore, that all others|
id ; that all legisla-
)ps with the Pope ;'
er to overthrow or|
'jl to the University,

jn that " eternali
I her lovers, thel
vll times to standi
by the veiy conj
s the rights andj
nish constitution!
' If so, (and, olij
)t throw us backl
convenient couii-/
Orangemen aroi
t3 clear ringinJ

press or be sup-
ves and all meii.|
e}' take.

I SELL ALLEN.I

publication of this|
J. A. A.