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OrrAWA •iOVKKX.MKNT PRIXTINO lU RKAl 1911 S675-1 Xi Hhnilnrrinnt furifurmlt (Hllllnfii) Archoforr, tiiii miemhaialii (HilliiiRt) I'rrinlyiilm limit ;iiMfH« tKiltiliKxi I'lriglyiilmriiiun liillinii'' ( W'iirli«iiiiilli ami S|ii'iiiK>'i >- 'iluiititiritiiin nniiiliii (KilliiiK") filyiitovrinuf riimiiliiiiiis i|lilliii||i.i n.r.MHiUA Priiliir„irinu» I'rvin (Hilliiiu- /Vl/)/ viri H ybocytl it f tilonrntis VarkK ffyhoi (/<>{« probltmatieui Park^ I'liili.riinu- nrHiiilinui (tiilliiiKK) t'littiirriiiiiH inrqunlii (llilliiigii^ Hrterorriniii Unuit BlIlinR* Ithinrrinui hillrrillrniiiii (\\. I{. Hi||iiigK> 1'uftulnerinut jrvrll't i BiIlini|N> Cupuliierinut humilit (BillinR>) Cupuliirriiiiii imijunaii* (HillinRH) tDtndrocrinui prohoiriiliatiu Billing.'* Ottaaacrinui lyput Vf. H. BUUdk- nftnirarriniit billinuii n. up Carahoerinut rttdialu$ Bi\' tags CarahocriiiUM raneortlandti BiiUng' Palvocrinui angulalui Billiniii Porocrinui conicu* BillinRN IXSKHT K SKDIS Cleiiicrinui rrgiuM BillinRi KltHfOASTERniDKA F.iMoaiirr higtbyi Billiiigii Auilacrinui dickioni BillinnD Cychcyiloidrt halli BillinKx I.irhenoriinua ry.sTirtKi Clyptocyilia niuUiporus Billings Phurocystit tiiuainntun Bi)liiiR Vl OEOLOOICAI. SURVEY, CANADA ASTEBOIDEA ^*"- Stenaiter $aUeri Biliingg.. .. .. .. .. ".'. ".". J* tT, and 1909, collections were also made in the Kirkfield beds for the University of Toronto, which have been studied by Dr. W. A. Parks, of that institution, and some new species described in papers which will be referred to later. He has obligingly furnished me for com- parison a list of the species as identified by him, and allowed nie the fullest opportunity for examination of the sitecimens in the Univer- sity Museum under his charge. The fauna of the Canadian Trenton was investigated at an early day, and most thoroughly described, by that eminent palspontologiat, E. Billings — the Eehinodermata in the two fine Memoirs on the Cystidea and Crinoidea known as Decades IIT, and IV, of ' Fiprures and Descriptions of Canadian Organic Remains,' published respec- tively in the years 185S and 1859. Many of the species were pre- liminarily described, without figures, in reports of the Geological Survey for 1856 and 1857. These treatises were largely based upon collections made by Mr. Billings himself in the vicinity of Ottawa and Hull, and his many careful references to the exact stratigraphic 7 ^ . «iHOI.OGIy Billings, and in many cases s|)ed description by Wachsmuth and Springer (X. A. Crinoidea Camerata. p. 178) gives the colunm as 'obscurely pentag- onal.' This was n mistake in the text, and does not agrie with our own 10 OEOLOOIOAL SUEVKV, CANADA % figures on Plate IX. The column is absolutely round in the type speci- m^B,not only those refigured by us on that Plate, fi^s. 3a, ft'^t 7t , wh.d. I have here refigured after additional preparation (Plate I K^kfi U " "r ">'«"^"°8 *» fi°d that all the specimens from Kirkfild some fifteen in all the collections, while v^y .imila7t" Itllt *? ", "•"" "^^ ''"*""'"' '"'^« - -'^ '"^« «nd sharp V Pentagonal column, so sharp, in fact, that in very mature specimTn, the sides are concave (Plate I. figs. 3. 4). In the first ^thrZ .ng about 6 inches of the stem preserved, the pentagonal We obtains throughout, with no sign of becoming round! but in le frlTt Tr"' 1*' ''""' ^^° •""^^ "^ ^'- -tact, it pas" from pentagon^ to round at about half the distance (Plate I, fig. 5) to sTfv 1' r '^ " '"'^"''^ "" ^'"'"- - *»>- <=»•«-'- sufficient to justify the retention of both forms within the genus, and its diL uo^s should be modified accordingly. The difflnc^ i. ' J^;\ acter inboth. Th.s .s shown for the new form by figures 16 and 26. of Plate I. giving cross-sections of the column near the calvx in two ^Pecimens; the first, at one of the thin interpolated Joints, on dst g ted from it; and the second, somewhat nearer the base, and at one of with the five peripheral ones. In fig. lb, the central canal is itself ^loes not hold good in sections of other sterna farther down where ... round In B. stellaris the stem, while round externally, has the same quinquepartite canal, as is shown by the cross-section ;f one Billmgs' types. 4,, (Plate I, fig. 7), the peripheral canals Ting .t.J^t '^'''T-'' "^ *''" P^'-t-Konal «tem at Kirkfield. and the con- stant absence of ,t in the Ottawa specimens of R. sMl^Hs. selm to indicate a distinct species, whi.n may be identical wUh oneZing th.« character from the Trenton of Kentucky, viz :- Reteochixus ALVECATi s IfiHer and Gurley. Plate I, figs. 1, 2, 3, 4, .5. are^!'oT''*'''°"^-«°'"'°" '''®"'""'' characterizes the species; there are some minor d.flFerences. such a, the deeper pits at the sides of the TBENTON ECHINODEBM FAU2TA AT KIRKFIELO, ONT. 11 calyx plates, and lateral buttresses on the brachials in some gpecimeas (fijf. 7o), but these arc probably not important, and the latter is not constant. Arcraeocrinus LA0UN0SU8 (BilUngs). Glypfocrinua lacunosus.—Dec. IV, p. 61, Plate VIII, fig. 3. Kare and doubtful. Archaeocrinus pvriformis (Billings). Glyptocrinus pyriformis.—Dec. IV, p. 61, Plate VI, figs. U-d Eare. Archaeocrinus uicrobasaus (Billings). Rhodocrinus microbasalis. — Dec. IV, p. 63, Plate VI, fig. 2. Bare. Periolyptocrinus priscus (Billings). Glyptocrinus priscus — ^Dec. IV, p. 66, Plate VII, figs. la-/. Bare, and showing much stronger ornamenta- tion than the types. Periolyptocrincs bilungsi (Wachsmuth and Springer). N. A. Crin. Camerata, p. 227. Rare. Glyptocrinus orxatus (Billings). Dec. rV, p. 60, Plate IX, fig. 2o. Bare. Glyptocrinus ramulosus Billings. Dec. IV, p. 57, Plate VII, fi£s. 2a-/; VHI, figs. 1 a-e. Abundant throughout the strata in the crinoidal part of the zone. This is a widely distributed species, being also found in the lowest part of the Trenton in Kentucky. Order FLEXIBILIA. Protaxocrinus l.i:vis (Billings.) Figs. 10, 11a, h, Plate III. Leeanocriniu Icevis.—Deo. IV, p. 47, Plate IV, fig. 3. Two specimens, probably of this species, were found. This and its companion species, P. (Lecanocrinus) elegans, which as stated by Billings are but slightly different, are the earliest known repre- sentatives of the Flcxibilia type. The original specimens did not 12 OKOLOOKAI. sunt-, CANADA ■:l Jiselose the coiistiiictioi. of the ,nu,| ..Vi,. i , . .• 1 expressed the opinion in 1 oV t o • "■"■""" "'"' ^'""^' general character! of the ( • f > "'V""'*" "' " '''^""''''''^" of the farmed while the p«,H,r was i,. pre , j,,. """""" ""^ ■•'^"■ siKiciraeus above n.entio..c.I i, \ .' • ^''-'""^'^^'-.v of ,h., ,„., Afterward. .uJ^^ZL r '"-''' "'^' "'"" ^'•''- '^ -^'--l- t'.e Geological s!r :rj rric/r "":•"■" i" '-^ -^"■^-■'" -'■ 1 found another sma 1 T. 1 \"'. '^^"«'"""'"«n '•>• Dr. Whiteave«. l""cr Ordovician, the^ha i "", r'°':"' ""'^''''"' "' "-' tlH- radianal is a pan !f th . "" '"""'*"" '"'"'' '" "•■"'•'' -Jer the radialTe .t^ ^ e""^*""'': T' ^"' "^^ •''-^''^• as the contemporary i:.^.::J::ZJ::^r''^.rTr "ble line of diveZl i- T" f '"'"""'"' "^''"^^■'"^ " -I'- of distinction tit ^J^ ; "; ir aTdT Tf ""^ '"'■' ^^^ "f five in the secondary ra,V !„ j/oi " ' n " ^"""^ '"^*^«'' Ottawa considered to be levll .in T \ , """" '^"""'"'^ f-"""* brachials is mostlv four ol Z" r ' '1 ""'"'^' ''' ''•^-"^"^- three. thu« indicadn. a te In ! ^''' "'"' '"•"" "™^ ''-" '-t I-e re>-ed. In „n , " cil / '•\-'! !'" "'''''' ^'>-'-- on ..vhi.-h t.. Of .... a^dT:: ;/rr.^:nr.^^^^ *": ^■■- -^ ^"« brachials is mostly five „1 • l ^^ ™^" "^ s^condarv elegans has the arms v!U , "■'" 'P^"'"""' boretofore, „f become flat le ^ J^ ..'"r t; ^''; ^T" ""*' '""• *''"-"'-' »" '-«- the arms ar ov dv o nd 7.7 T''" """"'" '''"''^'^^^ "f mens agree with thl t , ''T'^'''^'- ^be KirMcId speci- number of secundibrachs is I an 't "^"""^-^""f '"'"• -"•■'"ble tl,. Kirkfield s,...imens to P. li y^ """"I """■"^'' *" -fer tb,, later I have figured the K rkfipi , .^■°""^«"'o" ■» the discussion tore, and anoth r of u" f; l'''"""' ''""'"' ^'^ ""' ^'""-'■ fi*?^. 10. 11. ,,) "''""'' ^- ''^'"■'' f'on. Ottawa (Plate ITT. TRKNTOX KfjriXOnKRM FAIXA AT KIIIKFIKI.O, OXT. 13 oni.T /.v.i/>/-.v.r/j. IIvBDCYsiis ELm)Si;\.siM l'urk<. Ottawa Naturalist, 11hi>. Vol. XXI, |>. l':!i'. lIVflOCVSTlS PBOBLKMATICIS Piirk>. l,,,-. pit.. n<,n WVtllcrl.V. I'lute II, titn. 1 to 10. Tlii> singular Cri.ioitl, wliioh J)r. 1'. lU-rk^rt ('arin-'iiU-r callcl ' one of the most reinarkaMu fos.-il ui-liiiioderiiis .vi't discovered,' i» represented l>y tlie remains of a small colony, in wliiili the Hpccimciis, to the numln>r of a hundred or more, were found ace of a few square feet. This was, of course, hrokeu ii|. in the removal of the rock from the cutting, and probahly not all the individuals were recovered, hut not a single siwcim-n was found outside of the one small spot. Some idea of their crowded condition when embedded may he had from the fact thai in 8 small piece of shaly rock less tlian two square im-lics in area arc the remains of nine individuals, more or less distorted hy contact with each other. 'Phis pcnus was evidently of a strongly gregarious halut, as it is usually found similarly crowded, with numy specimens injured by I einp pressed nKdinst their fellows. Of the two species named the snudler one, 11. ehloiiensix, wiis by far tho more abundant, comprising about four-fifths of the siiccimens. The two forms were apparently comminRleil, and the colony seem- to have been embedded just as it grew on the sea bottom, in quiet waters; for the Crinoil-. all hove their stems and arms attached, nithoupb. owing to the usual accidents of quarrying an - one of singular interest, and was the subject of nnicb discussion b,\ Dr. P. Herbert Carpenter (Quarterly -Tounial (ieologi- eal Socie . London. ISSi', pp. :>ftfi-r!12), and Wachsinuth and Springer (Revision of the Palsrocrinoidea. I^.'i.". Pa-t TIT. p. 190). Tt is re- nnirkable on account nf having only three arms, two of the brachial 14 OEOLOaiCAL SUaVEY, OAWADA The three ar„,H ako differ ro^re.''' "' " '" *""' ^'"'"^ i«tead of tapering to TpoiX th« TJ '" '^"""''^ '" '^•'. :l-t-l end i. Uun't and ro „ , J '« jTe'' " 7"'* ''"'*''^' ^« H fron. the ventral to the do !„]' jl ''"' ""'•"^'"« «""« "ound the back of the arn,s, he ^.^ ,, ^tcTj''""'' "'"""""•' "-« The better prewrvatior tf h . ^ '"current' ambulacra, some new and uS ll "'"'T "'"^'^^ ^'- ^'"k. to add the con.ide,abl/moreet:"e '2 '"?'"" ''' *""'"' ""'^ -»" tc confirm his excelLt Z*. T ""' "' "^ ~'^'»«1 ^ «"» "ble J-ever, come to t 1 ' p^^^^^^^^^^^^ '" "-' ^-''-'a- I ..uet. Springer, on one or t:oZCtsl'e:rd-' ""' ''"'"'""''' -""^ -ys: ' The above de^^riptioTd ffel fn man "'''"" 1"^ '"^"^ «« tione of Wetherby. Carpente „H w 7 I ^~"' '*'*' •^'■ he specifies as am^ng JI el '.f,^ '""''' ""'' ^P"«««''' ""» -nns. and the mouth'a n^an A, to T^ ''' 7"*"'="°" °^ *»>« Joints have been previouslj obsert^fit 'T-'f "^' ''""^ '^'^ more.' Ordinarily in Crinoirr- ' u """'"^ "«''"• «"d "<> -n nrm is of litt^ mome"t btint ""T " "' "^''"""« '*-»'->• - -lividual. the armTeeZi 'g Z^erTl" T"" *''.^°'^'' '" ^''^ at the distal end as the size of Z ''"" "^ "^'^ ''"<'''"'" lil« thi. with recurrent mbulataTir,'"*'"r"- '" " ^»"'' could not take place by addiironslls 11 t\^t "'=' ^"'^^^ ambulacrum around thn «„j i , ""y* *°' the presence of the ««»,..,•„, .uCit :°.t' ri* "■' """••■"■ " "^ .otaLo™. .I„„j n, j,„. .y' °' "" ■"r«<» «' the ,m. h.w .h.™ c..,d h„. blT^'t^L :,7. " "r '"^ "" •" of braohij, ,(to tb« de.,1™; ' ,.r. "™ '"' '■"'Polatim m„, of food...fcriL „?^T "" "" '"•"'• Tb. ..:.■„. "Pon th. «.!„ I„ " '" 1 '"talact. farther dow„,.,d . .hor. di.,„ee d.„ .hi .1^^ ^T; ' H "''"'■ ^ •'"' *^"r.etr::;rr:r,T'^''"°^"--^^^^ .*=";;,;:„*: ^Lr- r ^^-^ --^-'w .h. ^-^ it. »t. he id >ar d h e TBEIfTOIT E0BINOOER.M FAUNA AT KIRKFIELD, ONT. 15 consiBt, »o far as known, of two quailrangular joints.' I can conlirm Dr. Parks' itatement, in criticiam of this, that in the Canadian form there are five joinU, and if lie had added the oaiitionnry words of Wachsmuth and Springer, ' no far as known,' I oouid have done so without qualification. But when he say«, ' five, and no more,' I am obliged to bring his criticism home to himself. For out of three specimens before me with the nrms preserved to their full length, two have five joints, and the third has six (Tlato II, fig. 6). Since the original descriptions and discussions of this genus I have also obtained considernhle accessions of ninterial from the typical locality and others, in Kentucky, some of which show the arms much better than those first found. In eighteen specimens preserving the arm in one or more rays, the number of bruchials runs as follows: With 1 brachial 1 " 1 and 2 brcchials j " 2 brachials 7 " 2 and 3 brachials g " 8 brachials g " 4 brachials 1 In the one with four brachials they are unusually short, together not longer than the two in other specimens, so it may be disregarded. Thus while the nuniLer originally stated proves to be rather the most common among the Kentucky specimens, there is a variation from one to three. Second, as to the mouth. Dr. Parks says: ' The ambulacra meet at or near the centre of the disc, and do not enter the calyx at the edge of the radials, as stated by Wachsmuth and Springer. A central oral aperture must exist, but it is not observable.' By this I under- stand him to mean an aperture opening outward through the tegmen. Wachsmuth and Springer's statement on this point was not quite so clear as it might have been, being chiefly concerned in combatting Wetherby's interpretation of the mouth as being situated centrally upon the upper surface, producing likewise an external oral aperture, which would be after the manner of the Becent Crinoids. It is true that the ambulacra converge at the centre of the disk, as de- scribed by Dr. Parks; but, as he also correctly says, 'the furrows are arched over by rigid covering pieces, so that the oral aperture is entirely hidden.' But they do not pass downward between the oral plates into a central opening, as in the case of Taxocrinus (N, A, 10 "Kr.l.OUUAl, HlKVKV, CANADA -4 4 plate . l^..om,n« ,Mor„h..lo«i..ul|,. Hx..l ,....1 ...............t ,|.,„,, ^, «««. .«, Hfc, M06); M. „.a, „.c „ „. , , ,„,, ,, , , J .^ ' "...I M.,.plu-.l .., f. ., ,„„,.., ,....,,.^ ,„.,„ „_ " "". ^- •":"" "'""" »»'« ven.rul furrow of the ruv. in., v .,. -.mne kn,.. of n .li.k .., in //..„,..•.,„, rara.oni,.,.. H.JLJ^. ""- IJHtb . froutiH.. on Zool«K.v. I'la... III. ,.,, ,.-..,'7) wlu-re'tl..", a.n ulaor. overlie ,1 ,.,.o«., „,„,. .., ,,,, J^, „,.,'; J - well Hhown l,v „ .,„„.i.,.e„ .f //. ,,,,,/,.,.„//,.,,, {„„„ ^Vo<.|,W 1 CO.... .Ken,..., in whi.-,. „. or„. are in ver. perfeet ^:;!:Z on thcni. The posterior oral is surmounted by u small, raiiied tulwrcle, wliieh \i iHjrforated, iiml mark* the presence of a liydropore, the same as in IJiihocitHui. Tliis was evidently not pre'luta in llyhociinui lumidut. 'Ilii» «■« dp!M.(.f.rfoct prewrvation. The plate in cr«nulat«il nii.l highly gpoiiulized in J/. Iiimidut, but not in //. conicus. thus fiirnishiuK a decisive character for distiiiiruishinit the yiK-cie* iv known before. Thin will he diiicuiaetl further on. Dr. Parka' new B,iecie», //, tldoneniU, i» the firat on.< dencrilmd since Wctherby'n type. I have had limilar apecimena for i.oine year* among tho new material from Kentucky, laid aside ait a iiossibla new MWH-'ics, and welcomol its discovery at Kirkiield m u fresh evi- dence of the intimatf! connexion between the Trenton faunas of Canada and Kentucky. From the Kirkfield loulaera are perfectly pla>"n on the dorsal side of the arms in many 8i)ecimens, extending over several brachials (Plate II. figs. 1, 2, 6), and are undoubtedly present in all; but whereas in 11. problematicus they frequently, in fact usually, pass down more or less upon the arm-l)earinp radials, I have not seen this in a single case of the smnll form described as H. eldonentit. This fact, with the correlative one that the ambulacra I T8KMT0N rCIII.NODKUM FAITNA AT KIRK^IKI.n, ONT. 19 from tite two nun nriii-lie«rinK rayi do not rxtpnil. or extend Lut little, over the l>*MiIi, but are chiefly oontlneoiiilfd upon to «eparut>> tho xpeciei in practice. Dr. Porku' ipcoimen had a maximum of thrw joint* to tho urm, l>iit wai. not perfect enough to enable him to »By ' that tho ami wuh ••imjplcte in thrt-o AeKmcntri.' On thi« point my evidence is abunibint nnd intereiting. In thirty-four fpecinien^ from Kirkfiold havimr one or more armii complete, the numlior of brnchinN ap|icnr thnu: — With .1 lirachiidn I " 4 bravhiah 10 " :> brochialo 14 " (t brachials i* And variations of !! and 4, 4 ond 5, 5 and •!, in the name iipevi- men (Plate III, figs. 1 to 5). In the Kentucky specimen* uf similur i'ue and upiicaranco tliere are: — With 2 brachials .T •*! brachials 5 It results, therefore, that in both forms tin; numlH.'r of bracliiuls to tho arm is not a fixed one, but there is con^tidcralilu vuri liility in tiiis character. The variation, however, is within liniit'^ which are not common to the two. The average in H. prollemalicus i>4 for the Kentucky form ii-'2, nnd for the Canadian .'••i — the ninximum of .lie former not equalling (except as to one isolated care) tho minimum of the latter. The diPerence in the smaller form, //. eldunensix, is not quite so great, the average Ijeing 4-0 for the Cniiailiun sppcimeii-i ;igainst 2-0 for the Kentuckj-; but the relntive number of specimiMis compared is con«iderably different. A further question remains as to the relation between the larger and smaller forms tbemselves in each locality. Tnking the S|ieciniens of II. ehloneims and //. prohlematicus from K 'kfield, where we know they nil came from u single crowded colony, we find that the differences between tlioni iire i>reoi«cly tho«c which might arise from individual growth. Tlic small, delicately marked form would tend with nge, or with any ndvnntace induciiie further irrowtli, to become 2C OEOLOOICAL SimVEY, CASADA ''"•ger, more ruKose, and its r«^ i .1 . longer, so that tl.os the alb "' ""'''''""'' *" ^— to the arn,s (Plate II fi' T to .7' T '""" '"'"^ ''-^''^d radiah (figs, fl, 7a, lOa) Z'a f^ T ""^^ ^°^ "Po^ the pass the li^its'of \^!:^ ^7 T,)"^ T "" '^''"'^ ^'^'^'^ ^" C)-eve„, perhaps, a, i,. one of tv • " '"'"' "'^ '"'^"'^ ^«'-'- extending down an eighth of L T'""""' '"^'"^'"^ '^"""^ "^e. The. are no other d fferLes betr T ''' "'"■"" ^''- "'^■ i^ true of those from tiKentl r' '"'' """^ "^^ «•"»« ^^ing always found closely altiatd^^f ,^''''*'«\ ^^^ '''^^ «« ^Is! there is. in fact, a wid^'a ^e „f v r r' """ "' ^''^ """'">-" both localities. I„ those wW H T T '""""^ *'"^ '^J^^^"' of "Pon the Lasals, the amblla " o' T T''' ""''"'''"« P"- 'J-" different degree; u^: t alls" as '"'''] '"'' ^""-°>> ^ -ry '•^v Carpenter in hirpaper a ^t ee7^ it?"";? ''"' '" '''' over the caly, almost as far as thev i ., , ' '^'' ""'' ^°^" they only touch the radia for a «h .^•'" ''" ''*'"'^ '"''' >» «ome -eh one. or Perhaps ila/at": I'^r lb" "'"'' '''' ^"" *° mediate in size, where the lator„r . , "^ "'^ ^"'"'"^ '""ter- n -"ch smaller extent and iSw?r *"'^"^ ^''^ ^^^'^ »" the radials but little or olZ V'^""" ""''"^""'■^ "'^^' *''"^1» among the small forms of th« T, "' '"' "°' '*' «"• ^-""y- Parks' figures of botTf! ' f "" '^^^ "^ "■ «''^<'««"*« (Dr ^'oes notL: io t) thrL!? ^"'«'«^'^' ^''^-^'^ the explanatfo n touch the basals but v 'niigltirr "V''"' *'^ ''''""^ "'"^"^-- So it is possible to lit rsL^t:; "" ^•''^"'' "' '«• ^^^• those in whieh the lateral amblnr , f""""'"' ""'^'^^ f'°"' the others do not reach Ln^ / a , V" ?'?' *" *'" "'''''^^ ""^ stages, to those in whicl l" t al aTf ''' "'"" -'-™«l-te completely, even entering pon the stT ? u "^""^ '""^ "'-"'^ radials and .0 on to the ba aT and h " ''" °'''" ""^^ *'- modifications, a variation f'^smTn .^^'i'T- ^•'"''"■•^""">- -'h these The following table .ives th" "t , ^L^^^'^^^ 'V"^'*^ ""' "^"^^• upon 104 Canadian and 4, iCiv '" ' " '"'"'' *'''^''" i"to three si.es. which I c.I , "^"'^'''\.«"«''">^«'«. divided rough!,- wauii 1 e.ill laiffc. mo.i;„n,. and small:— /; TRENTON ECHINODERM FACNA AT KIRKFIELD, ONT. 21 KXTEST OF AmBII.ACKA ON 1 Xun-arm-U'arinff * i • i» RaVM. ! AriiibfAring Kuys. Kully im BB.. jFuIlyon KK.. Fully on KB -Sliifhtly on KR or only I on mnne Fully on BB Not on RR Slightly on BB.. !Xot on RR . Not on BB Not on RK. I Siii*' (»f SiM-ciuiHnH. I>iirge , . . .Mems to mo to favour the hitter view. Before leaving this subject, u word should be said about the rela- tions between this genus and Uyhocrinus. In the elements of the calyx and tlie construction of the tegmen the two genera are sub- stantially identical, as is the case with various genera in other family groups. The asymmetry of the calyx, due to the greater size of the plates on the posterior side, and the cxcentrie position of the column, are conunon to both ; but this, only moderately developed in Ilyho- tijstis, t)ecome3 strongly pronounced in Jlyhrocrinua (at least in H. tiiini(tm), produi-ing the peculiar ' hump' posteriorly which suggested the name. The anal plate, relatively small and slightly projecting in Ilyhocystin, is greatly enlarged, and its distal margin highl,y arched and projecting much above the level of the radials in Uyho- crinus; but it is without any of the deep furrowing towards the sutures such as I have described in Hybocysli^ —the grooves being confined to the distal margin, where they form a regular crenulation. The ' hump ' in the calyx of Uyhocrinus inmidus is no doubt due to some unusual functional peculiarity of the hind gut ; in the silicified speci- mens from Mercer county, Kentucky, there is always found a large cavity corresponding with the bulging anal and radianal plates. In the brachial structure, however, they are as far removed as any two genera in the same family can be. No sexual diflFereiice, as suggested by Wetherby, if one may judge from ^ihat we know of sexual condi- tions in the living Crinoids, could account for the wide departure of Ilyhocystis from the normal arm structure. Uyhocrinus has such normal structure : regular and equal arms, with ambulacra confined to the ventral side, tapering to points, and increasing by addition of new brachials at the distal end; whereas IlyhorysHs departs from it in such an extraordinary way as to lead to elaborate discussion and wide difference of opinion whether it is a Cystid, a Blastoid, or a Crinoid. Dr. Bather, in the Treatise on Zoology, p. 05, et seq.. upon perfectly satisfactory reasons, considers it an ancestral Crinoid, confirming the view of Wachsmuth and Springer that it is ' a Crin- oid of low organization.' lie finds the decisive crinoidal affinities of the genus in the two brachial ossicles (all that were then known), supported on the summits of the radials, over which the ambulacral grooves pass from between the deltoids (orals) down on to the outer surface of the radials. ' Thesp ossicles.' he says, ' form exotheoal. *" I *SSBi MHI TBENTON KCHINODEBSI FAUNA AT KIBKFl^LD, OXT. 23 jointed outgrowths ot' tlic iiliuctiiial thecal plute^i," and " therefore, though incipient, they con-titute true hrachht.' Thi-* view is stroiig;- ly reinforced by the present diseovericj showing tlic extension ot these liracliiii to five and ^iix ossicles. As an ancestral type, truces of its dominant character may lie found recurring frequently among the Crinoidea, as in the tlexihle genus Cholociiiius (Forhesiocriitun ohesus (if Angelin), where the anterior and two posterior rays are increased enormously by division, at the expense of the lateral rays which are dwarfed and insigniticant; and in many Batocrinoid genera like Mcgislorrinus, Agaricocrinus, etc., where increase in the num- ber of ami openings is first eticcted by additions in tlic-e same three lays. Three siiecies of llyhocriuus have lieen described, two from the Trenton and one from the Chazy. The two Trenton species, 11. tumidus and //. conicus, hitherto separated chiefly on iiccouut of size and proport;on3 of the calyx, occur together at Ottawa, but per- haps not in e same strata. It is rather singular that the two genera have not been louiid together at the Canadian localities. 'lyhocyslis has not, to my knowledge, been recorded from Ottawa, ivhere the original II iihocrinus were obtained, and in all my co. ec- tions from Kirkfield, and those of the Geological Survey and Toronto University, covering five seasons' careful work on the well-weuthered dumps of the canal cutting, and yielding the Hiihocysfis numerously as before stated, T have not seen a single specimen of llyhocriuus. But in Kentucky, in two different localities in Mercer and Woodford counties, the two genera are found indiscriminately mingled in the debris of the same beds. There the //.v'^ofrmus, all clearly belonging to U. tumidus, have been separated, in collecting, into two forms which I find myself unable to distinguish by any constant characters, except that the basal part of the calyx in the smaller one is more rounded, as is the case in younger specimens generally. So it appears that we have here a case similar to that of llyhocystif. where the specimens as found merely represent the extremes of in- dividual growth in one species. Returning now to the apparently conflicting views upon the strm- ture of the anal plate: Prof. Wetherby and "Mr. Billings were both right in their observations, and Wetherby's figures of If. /iimi'/ic from Mercer county, Kentucky (Jour. Cin. Soc. Xat. Hist. IIT. July, 1880, Plate V, figs. 2c, d) are perfectly correct. This species has since been found in considerable numl>ers. both iit the original 24 GKOLOOICAL SUKVEV, CANADA locality in Mercer county, and in much better pn 'crvation at another in Woodford county. I have upwards of fifty specimens showing the anal plate, and in every one of them it is large, highly arched above the level of the radials, and strongly crenulated by grooves passing over its rounded distal margin in a dorso-ventral direction (Plate V, figs. 1, 2, 3). There is no sutural face whatever for the attachment of sucofcding plates, but the rounded margin is of a character suitable for the attaclunent of porisome. I find upon ex- amination of Billings' tyi-e specimens of U. tumidua that the same structure is perfectly evident in them also. It is plain in the orig- inals of figures la, and c. of Dec. IV, Plate II, and is in fact well indicated in the figure, la, though the cronulation is not shown, being concealed by the matrix. I have figured the posterior side of the type, le, where the structure is entirely clear (Plate V, fig. 6). Both the arched form and the crenulation appear in other specimens from Ottawa, and this must be taken as one of the strongest char- acters of the species. To it must be added the characters of the teamen, hitherto unknown, but now observable in specimens from Woodford county, Kentucky. It is substantially the same as that of Uyhocyatis, though the exact details of the ambulacra and oral plates are not well preserved; and it is very differ'- ^rom that of //. coni'ctM. The anal pyramid, composed of ' .g, upright, trian- gular plates, is in front of the arched Anal plate, and in all the PDCcimens is sunk down considernbly below its margin, and separated from it. It is not connected with the aii^l plate by any succession of suturally united plates, but is no doubt surrounded by a flex- ible integument of small plates, extending from the posterior oral to the edge of the anal plate; although not preserved in the speci- mens, t'lp spnoo for such a bordering integument as is found in Uyhocystis is apparent (Plate V, figs. 3, 4). Now this is an entirely different structure from what is found in H. conicus, which is the species upon which ilr. W. K. Billings made his observations mentioned in Revision of the Palseocrinoidea, III, p. 199. A diagram founded on his drawings is published in Lankes- ter's Treatise on Zoology, III, p. 125, fig. 36; but as this does not bring out clearly the contrast in details which I wish to point out. I give figures from a specimen of my own, lateral and summit views (Plate V, figs. 6a, h). From these it will be sefl.. that the anal plate, instead of being arched, rounded, and crenulated, has its mar- ■piwm TBENTON ECIUXODERM FAUNA AT KIRKIIELD, OXT. 25 gill iu about the same line as the radiuls, and is directly succeeded by small, but well-defined plates suturally attached to it, passing pradiinlly to a small anal opening at the upper margin. The anus, instead of being through a valvular pyramid of triangular plates sur- rounded by perisome, is a simple opening through these small plates. These are supported at one side by the onal plate, being flush with its outer surface, instead of lying entirely inside of it, and separated from it by other structui-fs. The anal plate is here more like an ordinary one, fonning the support for a regular diminishing series of plates leading to the anus, and by no means such a prominent and r.eculiarly shaped affair, apparently terminating the calyx wall, as in //. tumidus and Uylocyslis. The two species, therefore, hitherto only separable by differences in the relative proportions of the calyx and arms, are thoroughly distinguished, in addition to the \(3ry different form and position of the anus, by tlio presence or absence of this highly specialized anal plate. Castocrinlb articulosls (Billii.gs). Ileterocrinus articulosun. — ^Deo. IV, p. 61, Plate IV, fig. 8. Castocrinus inequalis (Billings). Hetcrociinus inequalis.—'Dce. IX, p. 51, Plate IV, fig. 7. Kare; only a single specimen of tlie last species has been found. 'J"l>ese two species, described by Billings from imperfect material under Ileterocrinus, with the suggestion that they probably belonged to some other genus, are of the most primitive type of the Cal- ceocrinidae. Their generic relations have been fully discussed in the works of Ulrich, Ringueberg, and Bather. C. articulosus also occurs in Kentucky. IlETEROCRrNUS Tt 'uis Billings. Dec. IV, p. 50, P'-te IV, fig. 6; Plate X, fig. 1. Not uncommon at Kirkfield. Specimens with part of the colunm attached show that while it is pentagonal near the ealyx, it enlarges and becomes round as it recedes, until it presents a very different api)carance. But it probably does not continue lO enlarge to the siimo extent as that of Ohiocrimis. 20 OK.oi.ootCAi. sfuvi;v, caxada OmoctiiMs BKu.KviixK.vsrs (\V. It. Uillings). lleterorrinus hcUcvillensls. Trims. Ottmvii Field Nut. Cluli, 18*3, No. 4, J.. 4.".; and Plate. This species was exeelluntly described uiid illustraled by .Mr. Walter 11. Hillings from a good si)eciuien found iit Delleville. lie recognized the marked hcterotoiuy of the urm^, consisting of two main branches to the ray bearing unnlets instead of pinnules. The f-pecies has been freciuently mentioned in morphological discussions l>y various authors, diagrams of it having been made by Dr. Uather in his work on Hritish i"os»il C'rinoids as representative of the genu^ llc'terocrinus. Wachsniuth and Springer undertook to place it, along with U, heterodadylus and several other species, in a generic grouii under a new name — islenocrinus — a nomenclatorial adventure which was unsuccessful, as will be shown presently. The association of species was not more fortunate than the naming of them, since JL hellevillensis is wholly ditTere.it in its arm structure from //. hetero- riadylus, and belongs to the group for which we established the genus Okiocrinus (Rev. Pal. Ill, p. 208). At that time our investigation of the little group of Lower Silur- ian monocyclic Crinoids described under Uetirorrinns, all having uiie(iual rays by reason of the presence of compound radials or their equivalents in some of them, indicated the advisability of subdivid- rng it into three genera, which we proposed as follows (Op. cit. pp. 207, et seq) :— Hcterocriinis, with II. simplex as type. Stenocrinus, with //. heteiodactylus as type. Ohiocnnus, with II. laxiis as type. Tins subdivision lias been acce|)ted by subsequent authors, but through some misunderstanding of types the name Ileterocrinus was assigned by us to the wrong sot of species. //. heterodacfylus, being Hall's type of that genus, could not be taken for the type of a new- genus; therefore, Stenncriinis must go into synonymy. Ileterocrinus must be retained for the //. heteiodactylus group, thus leaving the form represented by //. simplex and allied species without a name. For this S. A. Miller supplied the name Ectenocrinus. Hence the species listed by us in the Revision i\nder Stenocrinus should be written Ileterocrinus, and those under Heterocrinus should be written Ectenocrinus. From the latter, however, as already stated, must lie excepted the species under consideration, H. hellevillens,':^. TRENTON KCHINODKRM FAINA AC KIKKHELD, ONT, 27 The strui-tiirf ot' tlie uiial side i.i suliytiiiitiully the i^amc in tlie three t'eiierii, huviiiK a ludiunul direc'.l.v uiulor the ri(i;ht posterior radial, bearing the luiai .1 011 its left shoulder; and they further agree iti having uueciual ray>, because in three of them the radial is trans- versely divided, producing what arc known us eoniponnd radials. Tlicy may be distinguished as follows:— 1 Column pciitiigoiial. (luiniiucimititc. u. Arms ir leijiilurly dichotomous, divergent. Ver'- ral sue otraiKht and delicate ....Heierocritiiis. Species: //. hihrntlactjitut. U. jurenis, II. exili', B. tenuif, U. millrri. H. gi-nirulalut, B. petttayouui. b. Arms heterotonious, divergent, having 10 niuiii branches, with ramules usually bearing ^^''b- ordinnte branches. Ventral sac sfrcing and luu- voluted Ohwcrtnui. Species: 0. }axu», 0. cuitslr'n lin, 0. ivhauui, <>. vaupeti, U. bellevillensis. II Column round, tripartite. c. Arms isotomous, abutting; 10 in number, with ramules or pinnules hctenocruius. Species: E. simplex, K. prandis, E. canadensis. The species referred to Ohiocrinus ure all from the Hudson river, or Cincinnatian group, except 0. lelleviUensis. This differs from the others very strongly in the fact that its ramules do not alternate, but are restricted to the inside of the dichotom— a feature which was noted by Mr. Billings, and which he said was ' unknown in any species of the genus previously described.' It might be suggested that this important modification of brachial structure would require further generic separation, as has been dune in another group. Un- til a comprehensive study of the whole of the Palaeozoic Inadunata has been made, which I hope to accomplish hereafter, and the full taxonomic value of these characters is more thoroughly understood, I do not care to propose it. Wliethcr the ramules themselves in turn bear subordinate branches or pinnules cannot be ascertained from the specimens; they ure relatively stronger than in O. Ulcus, in which such secondary branching does occur. The Kirkfield material enables mo to add to the knowledge of this species furnished by Mr. Billings the fact that it has a convolu- ted ventral sac, which confirms its reference to Ohiocrinus, of which this is the most striking character .shown by the Cincinnati siicci- mens. We now also have the complete characters of the stem, which is beautifully shown in a magnificent specimen found by ilr. Kirk in 1905; the crown is preserved in perfect condition, and the stem continues from the cal.v.x to what was evidently very near the end— a distance of over twelve inches. The remnrkable thiufr about it is. M OKOLOOICAL 8CKVEY, CANADA that whereas the Btem next to the calyx is, as dest-ribed oy !Jr. BillingR, sharply pentagonal, and divided iuto five loiigitudi -1 .'-g- nients, after a few inches it becomes round, and increases in size to nearly double the diameter at the lower end. This is accomplished by secondary growth, clearly shown in cross-sections at the thickest part, in which the original pentagon with its five divisions can be plainly seen in the middle. Eclenocrinua canadensis, descrilied by Billings, from Ottawa, is not represented in the collections from Kirkfield. CuPULOCiiNus jEWETTi (Billings). riate III, figs. 6a, h, 0, 7o, h. c. Dendrocnnus jewelli.—hec. IV, p. 43, Toxt-fig. Plate I, figs. 10, 11. CuPULOCRiNUS iiuMiLis (Billings). Plato I, figs. 8, 9; Plate III, figs. 1 a-e, 2, 3. Vendrocrinus humilU.—Dec. IV, p. 39, Plate III, fig. 4. These two species are by far the most abundant Crinoids at the Kirkfield exposures, and they are found in good preservation. The use of this long ignored generic name of d"Orbigny calls for expla- nation. The above species were described and figured by Billings at the places stated in the citation, to which must be added a figure of £>. jewetH given by W. R. Billings in 1883 (Trans. Ottawa Field Nat. Club, No. 4, Plate without number). Comparing Billings' original figures of these and of D. Mibrachiatua (Dec. IV, Plate III, fig. 5), with that of D. gregarius on the same Plate, fig. la, and of D. longidaclylus of Hall (Pal. N. Y. II, Plate 42, fig. 7o), it is evi- dent that the species referred to Dendrocnnus cannot all remain in the same genus. Forms in which the first brachials rest in small, horse-shoe-shaped sockets in the middle of the distal face of the radial, must be separated from those in which the facet bearing the first brachial fills the entire distal face of the radial; for this is a char- acter elsewhere recognized as of family importance. The first is of the form of (a) D. longidaclylus (type of Dendro- cnnus), D. gregarius, D. acutidactylus, etc., which seem to have a round stem. It also includes (6) D. casei, etc., from the Hudson River group at Cincinnati, and D. prohoscidialus, from the Canadian Trenton, except that they have a pentagonal stem. The second is the form of (c) D. jewetti and D. Jiumilis from the Trenton of Belle- THESTOW KCHIXODERM FAUNA AT KIIIKFIKLD, 0!«T. 29 vlUe and Ottawa, D. latibiachiatiu from the Hii'hoii River group of Antico«ti, and D. poludaclylut (described by Shumord aa Homo- crinus) from the Hudson River nt Cincinnati. Forms a and h have n similar anal side and ventral sac, viz., a broad and very long sac of about uniform he.xnjtonul platos imme- diately following the anal plote: text-fig. 1. Form c has a wholly different anal structure; the anal x being foUoweil by a niedinu, tube- like and relatively short row of large plates in vertical series, bordered by small irregular pieces on either side, niueh resembling that of some Flexibilia : text-fig. 2. rr^OTXJ o o o o^c^ ^o4ro4ro o o o o o F.J. J. f^'S^ Dcndrocrinui lo/iffiJiif/ydn. Cupulocrinui humilin. Hence the following analysis— all being of course dicyclie, with five infrabasals, a large radianal under the right posterior radial, and having arms dichotomous, without pinnules: — 1 Anal X followed by ventral sac of hexagonal plates in lonRiluilii'»! ?ows, without distinct niedinn lidRc. Radial facets round, not fillinx ditital face of radial. o. Column round •. Dendrocrinus. Species: U. longitlaciiilus, D. iiiiiiarins, etc. b. Column pentagonal "• c(i«'. etc. II Anal X followed by median row of larRe plates Vxirdered bv irreRular plates on either side. Radial facet- linear, tillinif distal face ot radial. c. Column round D.jdtcUi. —humiM. —conjugans. -latibrachiatus. — polydactiihi.1. and 'tcyphocrinus' heterocottalit, of Hall. The last named species gives the clue to a generic name for sec- tion c. Hall deccribed it in 1847 (Pal. N.Y., I, p. 85, Plate 28, figs. Za-f), ad the sole species upon which he proposed the genus Scypho- crinus. His generic description is as follows: — 'Pelvis (base) composed of five pentagonal plates; costal (radial) plates five, four of them heptagonal and one irregular and octagonal; a second row of costal plates, or perhaps more properly a double row 30 rJKoI.OOH'AI. .SL'KVKy, CANADA S V i I I J uf Kcupulur i.lutej, whk-h are siuiilur, uniforiii. an.l iiuudruiiKulur, fxeei.t over the irregular cobUI plato; »oui)ulBe U— was constructed chiefly from 3a, but evidently included characters taken from both specimens. It shows TBE5TOX CCUINODLRU FAUNA AT KlUKFItLD, OS T. :U 1 u iiioiuKrji'lic t ririoid. «itli tivo l.uiala, and llirto primary l.ruiliiuU iollowiiiK tilt! ruiliwl!.; wlicrcn-t llio original ot' 3c delinitely a^cci- tained. TliP nami' Sini'hociiiius wa* iire-iK-cupicd I«y Zenker, and instead of it d'Orl.iitiiv (I'l-odr. I'al. 1. p. i''!) prop..-ed the name ( iii'iih- innut, with C. (Stiiphorriiuis) hetub- Hc, which discloses definite characters of prenerie rank uniting a con- siderable assemblage of species. These facts, under the rules of nomenclature, are sufficient to - ; diHsh the genus a« valid under d'Orbigny's name, and its definition will bo as piven above under -ection c, including the species there listed. The only altornativo, if the confusion iivisiiiK out of Hall's two ty|>es renders this doubtful, is to propose a new (.'cnns for this umup. wliicli f nni not jirepared to do. The fiinn- »f this generic type nf KirkfieM fall readily into two principal and well marked species, which, in view of their predomi- nanee in the fauna, it may be advisable to define more fully. Both are characteristic examples of the genus as I have defined it. naving five infrabasals, very wide primary brachials, completely filling the face of the radials, so that the rays are closely abutting, except at the anal side, where they are separated by the tube-like base of a large v.-ntral sac (or nnal tube, whichever it may finnlly be called). .'52 OroLOOICA .KVKV, CAXADA Which riio. to .bout iho third bifurcutio,, of the arm.; wc^ptiag, however, m to occa^iotul »mall, irwuular intorbrachiuU hereafter mentioned. N'o. I lin« calyx plati.* convex, and more or le^^ .tronKlv marked with ri.lffM or fold* ro.liatin» from the centre to adjoining plate*. «itli the .iiturci much doprcMod; inter-baaal .uture. .hnrply l«vclle.l; brachial .uturea atroMBly gaiMng and often .in.ioiu. ro«!mblinff those "f *ome Hexil.ilia; numl«r of primibrach. differing in different ruv. according to a definite and fairly conntant plan. viz.. three in each I oiter.or ray, four in the lateral ruy,. m.d three in the anterior ray I hero are •light variation! from thi». a. five in the lateral raya or four ni a posterior, but the rule hold, good in three-fourtha of a I ge number of apecimen.. Ventral aac with prominent keel along me»i'\<'i', tilt' ti iiilt'iir,\ to nil t'M'('>> <>t I nii'liiiiU iii l!it' l.it»T«l riij- (I'Kilf It I. Iig«. h. !M. Coin|>«retl with Itiilingt' liKurt'!*, it wuulil stivui tli.it our Nu. :i iiiiKht tie ret'crreit lo /'■ latibiiichiitlim ruttiur ttimi t<> h. Uiimilia. Tiie type itiecimon of humitis cuniiiit l« fomiil n. tlu' i-oltuotiuu at Ottawo (tiHviiiir protiably lieeii iiiixluiii ut tliv *' ue tliv ri\riirt' kIm'-' ttu' iiii|ir<'-«ioii of u broader niid lower culyx ttiiin wuh iirobabl.v tlio fuel. /'. latihraehiulu* wan laid tiy tlip iiutliur to le rln-ol.v relttted, tlio only ilitlcivnri- tifinK ill tlie (treater l>r(>iidtti mid IfUKtti of tlie arin<>. Kxuiiiiiiutii>ii of tlie ty|ie ipecioMMi, tinwevrr, hihI Hoinf ottior* from ttin mime looality. uliowa tliat it U tliorouKtily ditTorontiatcMl from tti« tvirlifield form l>.v ttic t>a«e and Btein eliaru<>tor«. Wliilc, as Rillingt said, thf> i>tem i^ not preservetl, the facet for il^ nttucliment stiows ttiut it was very Hmatl, witlt a otrongly roundetl l>aso ciirviiifr in towards it -notliiiiK nt all lilvp tli(* lirond, trunratu tm< e eliminattNl: but I will say about it in pa^xing tliiit while tilt' iirnis arc more <-lo-fly ubuttinK than in any of the oilier »iieeie*. »oiiie s|H>cimeTis ^llo^v u sli(tht development of the saiiio kind of nmnll iiitcrbriiohiiil plates hereinbefore descrilieed from the Hudson River beds of Antieo^ti. C. poliKlactuhit. another well-known Hudson River sjMjcie- from the Cincinnati repion. is of the tyjic of C. jpweHi, with strongly convex plates and deep sutures. So we have the two forms persisting from the lower Trenton into the Hudson River; thus makinp the genus, with its wide geographical range, one that must be recognizeil as a very strong type of an early Palieozo'e rrliioid. :;4 <;i:oi.o<.i<.'Ar, muvkv, ca.n.m.a Uel, ong n.w nKain to ilic s„;.K,.>tion ot tl.c Floxii.ilia i„ oon- nex.on wti. ' .i. - , ,. ,„, ^ ;, ^, ,„, ,,^„„„.^^,, ^,_^,^ ^j^^__.^ .^ _^ striking r , ;.l. m-o m rHoially in s|,t-i,„e„s ..f tl.is (.vpe to some ^"""^ "* " '■' ''"> ••losel.v ulmttinK anus. um,I the widelv K.'iping im.l „. .uongly .i„„ows sutures l,etween tl.e brachials, all recall the chnracfors of many Klcxibilia (Plate III. figs. 7a, h c) I he anal si.i... with its tuhe-lik.. n.u- of niclian plates, is remarkahly s,m,lar t,. that of rrota.rocnn..s. Uno,;,„on-i,>m, etc.; but this tul.- hke series is ;.rodu..ed into a strong ventral sac rising to half the he.ght ot the anns, which is not fouul amonR known Flexibilia •hgs. -. .-,„. .!; JMatc J, Hg. ,„. ,,. ^j,mi^„ ^ ^,j^ ^^j ^^ ^^^1^ s.gn.hcam.e. is the fact that i., nnn.y of these specimens of both s,|ecie. there are to be seen between the ray divisions a large number ..t small plates. They are irregular, and seem mostly to be parts of Pensome pushed out between ,he rays, often in a small rounded fold 1 h.te 111. tig. Jc. 5&>; in rare ca^es. however we find a small, well- e.,v base, on the anterior side. I„ „.ost Recent Crinoids the posterior protul. ranee represents „,. anns alone: it is simply a po .- o, , e p.r.son,e rai.W al.ov.. the level of the disk by the " fi'.sinn of the hin.i gut. forming a tube with the .,„ .1 . -.1 of it. The anal tube of .J.eAo J^ !" ' :;;X'^ "' "T ^ept that it has a vertic. serios „,• .,.,;, pi:;.::; i^-;:: ep.ter,ors.de. thus making possible a conside, ly 'Jreater'-le g :.r:;y.i.::;r::ti;^:;i:;!r;:r''^^'-"^-^« ti- of the anal tube of 0.^.00^;^; rl /^r^Tl^T"" vertcal series of me.lian plates r.ins all the way 'utbu te Z of the sac do not ...m to I. „,„,, ,,-ff,,„., ,..„„, ^|,; / -;^- trud.ng pensome „, those genera. , bave not identified t a. a, TRKNTOX Ki'llIXOOKRM KAINA AT KII!KIIIM>, ON r. opeiiiiiK in tliese 5i)C<'i('>, Imt have little iloiilit that it is at tlio liistiii end. For further conipiirisoii I have tigurcil a specimen of a sm^ili undescribcd species found associated witli • Dendrorriints ' poh/diti ■ hihis in till! Hudson Kiver sroup, near ('ineinnati, with the tnl-c like series curving over upon the tcKUien. almost exactly like we fiii'l it in Onyrhoerinus (Plate III, figs. 4a. h^ If now the small. i)erisome-like ■. te'-lirai-iii.;!-^ m •■tine constant, we should have nothing lacking to i; x-hi'ii; a Flcxiliit >'i-inoid, simi- lar to tliose we know, except to tr; :sf, 'in llii' live nfraliasuls into thrive — apparently one of the easii .' ■ j) tii-e-^ in the Orinoid.^. Fu>ioM of two pairs of the primitive live plates, as lioa actually occurred within the limits of a family l)etween Cifalhocrinus and Oissocrinus, and the tiling is done. Even the incorporation of inter- lirachials is not essential, as there are several genera of the Flexibilia without any. The enlarging stem of C'lipu/ocroiiw humilia next to the calyx is also a very common character among the Flexibilia, but rarely found in other groups. The number and distribution of primibrachs, however, is difl'oient from those in the Flexibilia generally. There the rule in the pre- Devonian genera is not exceeding two primilirachs, with one or two i-xceptions in the Silurian having three. .More than three are un- known in any normal Flexibilia until found in the Carboniferous Olinorrintis and Uni/cltocriiius—nhout the last important mmlifica- tion that m'curree- came extinct. Furthermore, except in occasional abnormal speci- mens, whatever the number may be, it is constant for all five rays — an apparent but not actual exception being in forms like Ichthyoc- riniis, where the radiaiuil so much resembles a radial that it looks as if there were an extra brachial in ilic right posterior ray. The pn- >euee "f three and m^re primibrachs in tlu^ species before us, and their unequal, and in C InniiiU.i irrcKuliir. distribntion among the rays, find of five infrabasals — a character so far unknown among the Flexibilia- are facts vMch would incline us to range them r;itlier under the liiitilunata. iisinu^inu li'ss confusion iu the definition of the larger groups. But there is very cli'arly an intermingling of the charnclers of the two orders, and it is evident that wo have h(?re to ileal with a transition form whoso oxnct -tatus i-^ difficult to decide from what we can see in the fossil. The order Flexibilia is considered to lie an offA ilit'.vclie liuiiiuiiata, througli inuditicatioiiT. r«-uiliiig in mi opuii luoiitl and the loose incorporation of bracliiuls in tlie calyx. We liavu no hitherto been able to point out the origin or probable course of this. modifications, but it waa reasonably tu be expected that the connex ion would be iound through the nou-pinnuiate Dendrocriuidae, tin exact nature of whose tegmen has never been discovered. It is now of much interest to note that the earliest known genus of the Flexi- bilia occurs in this same lower Trenton Limestone, and that species of it— Protaxocrlnus ekgans and P. Icevis— are found in the same horizon and localities as Cuiiulociiinin, and directly associated witli two of its species in which the above-mentioned tendencies towards the Flexibilia are observed. We do not know the length of the anal tube or ventral sac in I'rotaxocrinm, but we know it was very strong, and constructed in a very similar way, so far as can be seen (Plate III, figs. 10, llfc). It is to be remembered, also, that these two genera are in the same stage of development as to the radianal, a character which is conceded to be of high importance in the phylo- geny of the Crinoids. In both of them the radianal is in what we call the primitive position, being located within the ray in the form and position of a radial, directly under the right |)osterior radial— infer-radial— giving to that ray one more plate below the brachials than the other four. Having, therefore, two contemporaneous genera in the earlier Ordovician, existing in the same locality, and being in the same morphological condition as regards one of their strongest characters; the one flourishing in profusion ai. 1 the other extremely rare; we have the very conditions under which we might expect to find evi- dence of developmental changes marking the divergence of two higher groups, which arc of an admittedly common origin. This divergence is of such a degree in these two forms that we need not look so very far back for a probable common ancestor, and may yet hope to find it in the Ordovician. With the three unequal infrabasals of Pro- fa.rocnniis separated into the primitive five, and the number of primibrach* increased from two to three or more, it would tax the ingenuity of any palaeontologist to show wherein it differed generic- ally from one of the^e f'upulocrini having an interbrachial in the axil. So it may be that d'Orbigny made a shrewder guess than he knew of when lie placed Hall's ' Scyphocn'nus' heterocostalis and ' Cyaihocrinus' tnherculaf us— one of the most widely known Flexi- bilia — in the same genus. i 01 ii TRENTON l,< lIINOI1l-.I!M VAINA AT KIRKllUP. ONT. 37 ClPLLOCBlMS tUNJI CANS (BillJngS^. ]>,-iidiocrinus conjugans. Dec. IV, p. 41, I'lal.' IV. tit:-. 1, 2. This species, of whioh tl re are some spe«-imens in tlie coUectious, exhibits a considerable variation from the last two, hut has the trans- ition characters still indicated. It wholly lacks the closely abutting rays, and deeply excavated brachial sutures; the arms are rounded, long, and very much more slender, and the tirst brachial does not (juite fill the face of the radial, thus leaving rather wide interbrach- ial spaces. These are occupied by an integument of iiurisomic plates which is broader and higher than in the other siwcie-, and without any well-defined lower plate; it is very similar to tlie structure found lietw«>en tlie rays in l'yr„osaccus, and Xlpteiocnuius. The median series of the anal tube is relatively rather stronger than the arm--, and it was probably longer than in the other >pecies. The stem is enlarged next to the calyx, as in C. humilis, but the projecting joints farther down are closer together, and the stem is ranch longer and tapers less rai.idly. It is another evidence of the teii.lency to varia- tion in this genus that the stem is dilTercnt in these three species, that of C. humilis and C. conjugans l>eing more like the most fre- quent stem ill the Flexibilia, while that of C. jncett: rather more resembles the stem of such exceptional Flexil)le genera as Onorimo- crinus, etc. Comparison of the type specimens shows that D. cylin- dricus is clearly identical with this species, and must be held a syn- onym. Desurocrinus probec. IV. p. •• te III, tigs. :5<"-- Fairly well represented, e. in the Toronto Tiiiversity col- lection. The species was det • .a from the upper part of the Trenton at Montreal, and afterwards figured and redescribed by W. R. Billings, from a specimen found at Division Street, Ottawa. Dendrocrinus gregarius, which is from the middle Trenton at Ottawa, was not found at all at Kirkfield. OTTAWAtKiM s TYPts VV. R. Billing?. Plate IV, figs. 5, 6, 7. Tr. Field Nat. Clulv Ottawa 7, Vol. T. p. 49, ?lat<. The new material enables us to supplement the description of this genus and species by important additional information not dis- closed by the original specimens, and to confirm by further facts 38 Oi;OI.OOICAI, SL'BVEV, CA.VADA he re...OK„,t.on oi thi. 1., M, Billing, „. a ....fectl.v distinc-t generic u on ,'"r "'•-•. ^^"^'-""idea to «how a tendeuc. to pin! ulat.on , . oha,aoter i„ tim respect being quite reinari rc.at.on. leaving the nature of the arms and ventral etvond hat evel unkno. .. The principal distinction -eUed on i.rseparat Z IT' "" ^^-'^rocrun. was the construction of e"en r 1 : :'""'' " '"'T'' "' ''^'"'■«°'"'' "'- - -' - longitudina rows .. e case n. that genus, and .light difference, in tl.e for^ o the ;;:;i:;:;:;:;:rr"- "- ''^''-- - "• ^-^ -- ^^^^ - lonJ'T'I '^ ";"'^"'^«*'''" «" 'he fourth or fifth brachial into two Ite , T "'"" '"'""'" = "'''^ ''^- "•"»>«« o" each side alternately fron. every fourth joint, oc-casionally third, or fifth The mnulea are notably smaller than the arm-about halt it d'a rneter-and they subdivide on the fifth or s.xth joint into two verv ^eventh o eighth jo.nt. giving final divisions of extreme tennitv >a.os„s (Se. Bather. Treatise on Zoology, fig. XXI, 1). This i. the mode of branching in 0. typus; it is varied somewLt in another ^Peces, as wi be shown presently. The ventral sac i. 1 ng. exS ■n. to the full height of the arms, and is composed throughouTof In typus ,t .. det. * . and the plates smooth. I have figured three specmens .llustratin, these characters (Plate IV. figs. 6 C ^ the f ! frT," ^"T^"" "■'" '"«t>'»»"i«hed from Dendrocrinus bv the fact that the radial facets here fill the entire distal face of the r«d.als mstead of being mere rounded sockets in the middle of them as n that genus. E.xcept for this last character there would be noth.ng m the gener,c diagnosis to distinguish Gothocrinns, e^u,C M by Dr. Bather in 189.3 (Crinoidea of Gotland, p. 114 f I Ona^acnnus.^ The author charncterized it a. 'a Wnl.J , e Tl T"7 """^ ' "■'■■''' """^•^ ^^'■" •»«>'' ^°<^ "' view of m proposal «„pra) to restrict Dendrocrinus to forms having sn.ali Zs of'tt T ''1:"^ ''• ''''^^^^'' " ^^^-^ ^'^-"- - ^^-^ de- tails of the arm branching. If, as stated in the text. p. 11.5. the armlets of Oofkocnnus are given off fron, each side, then a. ..d^^ to tho figure (Plate V. fig. 158) they must be borne on everv ,J. :^^*^« TBKNTOX Kf IIIXODKKM FAINA AT KIRKFIKLl', uJtT. Stf cssive l.ruiliial, like true pinnules siiuv on ea.-h si.L^ of the uin.s, where visible, there appuurs to he i.n ur.nlot on every second brachial. Another fact is .levclo|)ea in this genus which is of consiileral.le interest in connexion with the previous diacussion of the modifica- ,i,„.s of the genus Cupnlornnu. in the direction of the Flexibilia. For here we have another Or.lovician Ina.lnnate genus showing a decided development of inlerbrachial .truetures, having the effect of incorporating, to a s^light extent, the lower brachials into the calyx. In both the typical species and the new one described below, are Sound distinct plates in the axils Imtween the rays. This is not entirely constant in O. dipus, but is observable in the majority ot ihe specimens. Ir the new species, it is quite prouounee.1 in all the specimens. With strict regard for the definitions of the respective orders, such a form would liave to be excluded from the Ina-lunata. whose leading character is the non-incorporation of brachials. Hut the same objections exist to referring it to the Flexibilia that were found in Cupulowinuf'. besides the possession of an extremely large ventral sac. of th.- true fistulate type. So the only rational course i. to recofrni/.e it« intermediate position, and see in this modification of a second genus amonp the Den-lr-crinidK a further indication that in this Ordovician Inadunate family we are not far from the origin of the order Flexibilia. as an otTshcot from the more primitive order. The Dendrocrinidse seem to be a sort of synthetic family, embracing a number of variable .-luiraeters to which no very clos. limits can be assigned, but which in later geological time became fixed in different groups. The form and eoostruetion of the anal series and ventral sac are not very eouslanf. there is considerable shading between genera in the form of the radial fnwt; round and pentagonal stems tend to fall into th.- same genus; th.^ characters of Flexibilia and Inadunata are found within the family; there is a tendency towards pinnulation in OUavacruins: an.l a peculiar arm structure in Dendrocrinus acufidacl.ulns sufrjiest- the strangely folded side pieces of the Silurian Cyathocrini. The new facts thus brought to light suggest some addition to the generic diagnosis of Mr. Billings' genus, which may be stated thus : — Dicyclic, with five infrabasals. Radianal large, nlmQst under right posterior nulial. RadiAl facets filling distal face of radial. •, j: , ,. ,„. . Ana" followed by smell plates of sat not \ii longitudiiuM io«-. Arms heterotomous ; 10 main branches bearinp; brt aed nmriU*. ColuiTin round 40 '■l"lOi.,U ^,. S1KV1\, .A.N.MM OriAWAlfilMs BILIlM.^l „. j,,_ Pi-ATE IV, figs. 1, ia. b. :!. principal specimen is fully tri.-o ]LT , '"'"*''• "'« -• '\'-M... an. . ^.r;;: .^r i:;':.rr ^"^'""''■' "'■th .lee,, pits hotwccu tlL... • "' '' """""'« "'''"^ '--< «u; ..e .lo^;: ; TeHr.: riT^" ^"::r -^ ■ t»o more or le.ss o.nu.l l,!f„. \- "" "'.'""'''"•l "* l-nuu-lnnK l-y one or -. fourth ,oi„, not:,;::i;',:n:,;:,-'^ "- -r ^'■'"" ■lot rcall anv vari-ition i„ a . '"""-' '*"'«• ^ ''" •;> "-■ ■-...•Kr;::r :,r:rr::'::, "f ;:.,:Tt" >^toiii, as II O. liinus U rn„„i 1 • 'IcM-loped. The -Hi the wall. ,hi„ „t ZeZ ^ "'•! '"""' " ''"'' ^'"'"'■ tbe so^ent. i,.to w^™ ^TV h::,:^ '"TT" ""^'^ ""^-■^ (Plate IV. fi,s JV ) T ;'"""' "'" "''""■""■• •'--'- '-;- i" the eow. ;, t^'ir;:::;r""" *'"• '"*--*'- the author of the genus. " ""Pr ". B,lI,„o.s, OaR\B.J>'«■ IV, p. 21. Plato II. figs. -.ia-e. f'ARABOCRIM.s VANCO„Tr.ANDT. Billing, Deo. IV. p. :>,-2, Plate II, fig. 4 » 01 a n.all colony, while vancortlandfi is fairlv nlpnf;i„l i M TRi;VI<1X lillINOIlKliM lAlNA Al K 1 1; K 1 1 1 l.l>, ONT. 41 ,.ut 1..V BiiliuKs to lie reiua.kal)l,v coii^tiint. II.- .l.-criU-.! ('. iWi'.i'iw as having a globose calyx, with the anus diviiliiiK i«u tli.' scooud free plate, i.e., on IBra, iis tiKainst C. vahcuillaiitlU witli au ovoid calyx, and iirins dividing on or lic.vund the third Ine i>Iiite— IBr:i. This holds absolutely good in uU the specimeiiN from Kirkfield. C. radiatus is also I niforndy much the sniuller, and has a stronger calyx, that of iai)Coillaii(/ti heing composed of thinner plates mid usuully found en shed. '■'. railiaUm also (K'curs in the l>iis;d Trenton of Kentucky, showing there, too, its characteriBtic arm division. Dr. Parks has a new siiocies of Cnrahocrlnus .iiong the Tniver-iity uf Toronto mntcr- ial, xvhi<-h he will soon .lescril*. PaI V.tXRlNlS ANtUI.ATl S Billilii:-'- |i •. IV. \<. I."i. I'li.te 111. H>i-. >■•". '■. K;ire. PoROCBiNis cosicus Billin(i>. Dec. IV, p. :i4, Plate II, tigs, r.n-t/. This species is well represented, associated with llyboiiislis and Kdiioaster. P. smith! , descrihed l.y Dr. Grant from Belleville, was not found, hut occurs in the Trenton of Kcntu<;ky associated with the same geuern. IXSKRr.l-: SEDIS. ( i.KHMHl^fS riixiirs Billinp-. Plate V. figs. :, S. 0. Dec. IV, p. .V?, Plate V, tig<. U-'J. Siiecimens of this very perplexing and iinomalous Crinoid were found, mostly fragments. One of these, however, preserving the lower part of the calyx, is of 8i>ec:al importance, because it gives us for the first time, in connexion with som«! others to be mentioned, a perfect \ iew of the base from the exterior. It will 1« remembered that I was able, by a difficidt i-reparation of one of Billings' type st)ecimenB, to discover the true construction of the base in this gent:s, which had before been a complete p.izz.le to pala-ontoloprists. This v.-as explained in my Memoir on Clriorrimis (IMem. Mn«. Pomp. Zool. Harvard, XXV, No. 2. p. 93, et seq. 190.5), showing the base to be composed of five large infrabasals. resting upon the column, with a circlet of ten plates, consisting of five bnsals and five alternating radials. snrroundiMg them; that is. the basals .nnd radial« have been ,ni=hcd down over the iiifi d)a'al ring and top of ;h.' «tom. so that thf-y 42 ■'■"l.Oi,l,M. ^( ,,V|..V, , ANAI.A upon the shoudeottt^^^^^^^^^ "'"""' "'""''• '""'^'-^ "^ '«'i"«r between the; .7 L .L? L", '" "'''"^ ^•"■"-<^^. - i"tarpo«^ ^•^iented in C.noid L^l^rT^^^^^^^^^ "''''''''' ""^- o^POsbK the interior of the ba^ „ th! ""■' '""^'■*«'""> ^y '■"possible to discover thr u "^*'""^" "'"""""ed. it being of .he. the ;:!;« Ze :jeV ^'h "r" r'"^-'- ■•"""«' - -" Hlwa,-8 held in place hv 2 ^ '"''""" ^"'"'^ ''^^'^^ *e«^ t«ch. •' '^'^ Burronnd.n^ rin^. and impc.ible to .ie- exterior, o^ o,.:."! ^ITpLT rrS^ ^^^'■' ''■"'" '"^ precsely as ahown in ,ny fig. r.i Pla'.e f nf M ^''\*"'»^f °>«"' « large i„frabas«is, with the al ernl ' , """''' "**^' "'- "^'^ l>ut not resting unon th "^"""""'"^ '"""«>« «"-' >-arfi"ls enclosing these facts ftillZtier' T 'fu' '''"'"•'• '^^'^ -''«-- »' specimens f.on .. ^'r'^, '^^ 7° «"- -y instructive oalvx. divested o „ " '^I ""^°" "' '-"'-'^■v. "' which the Primibrachs co^pl "■ , ^7 T^' " *" ^''^ ""^ '^^ ^^"^ «"* ventrally. The; ^ li::, T:'''^ '''■^ '"'"' •'''-"•^- -^ here, but left all surf, e^^!,! T"' "'"^ "'"'*''' '''^ ""' ««»- brush (Plate V. fig rT T )"" A^^r""; "'''"•""*' '''^'^ « -^^ -e in perfect cn.li i„ i,. .h "'"''' "^"^'^ ™«"^'""«d "onna, o.der as Ilrl d L riir ni^t^ '""'''"''' ^'""^ ^''^ "".v .loubt that this str u-turc , ■ , '"" "" '°"'^«' »>« - in any respeet acX: :; tr:r ""^ "' '''^ •'^'''°''^- -'• n nL:t;:;:s:fv'^ '"" ^-r ^'' '^'"'""^""'' ^— <« -- -ncavity like , , h^'r*' ""J T ''"" '""^''"■-•'<^- '-^^"-"^ « In «u.h cases ,aV':'r"' '''e -..t.^^^.^,^ ^..A.„en„„. tbe norma, sncl ^ the"' iZ';' "''" '^''''' ^-'" "^'^^ ""^ whereas .re there is a ool 1 !. ?™"'*' "' ''"" " '•«^'"«^ = tbeirnormalandTat ra :r r;.^ ?^ ^'^-^'-^ ^-n '■pon the infrabasais at their;.;: f:::'::^,::;':;;^^^ ::::r=v:i;;:;Ti-^--«=-^^ r,ng of |,asals. separating the latter so that the radial. IHK.fTON EIIIINODKKM KAl'NA AT KIRKHKLD, ONT. 48 fiiiiie .|(j«ii liutwet'H flirm to till ii|i tlu' ^l).^lr. 1 um us much iu the (lurk w uMT lor tin i-.\pliiiintiori I't' llv iirolndiU- oriKin of tliiii extru- ordinary structura. The ^-tiiily of tLcw wcHthered Irngment* has tlirowii new liglit i>pon the lonntriiction of the titlvx wull in this genus. A» shown l.v le tspei'imeiis fortnt^rl.v ^tiulii'il, the motle of union of the plute« ►ttuiHKl l')lie liv II -Hit •i|' , iiuiiliitiriM, >ui'h iis i> found ut the niiirgiii of the suture* of lln' Flexihilif pt-nerHlly, ami was ho ilfM-riUul by me. It is ill fmt .-ouictliing; entirely ditfereiit. In ('. leffiit^, wheu the exterior surfure is |H.'rfe<.'tly exposed, the sutures are ero»^ted by a number of jmrnllel slits nrriuiiied in diainond-shiii)ed rhombs (Plate V, figs. S, Ua). Tl'.cse slits leu- from ■ ither side to pores on the BUturo lines, which do not pass .liiectly through the test, but turn to the right and left of the middle and converge from the half of each cnturul face into a lar(je, funnel-sliuiXHl pore. o|>ening to the interior at each corner of the plate ftig. 9')). The course of these convergintf passsaKe* is lietter shown by the tiKures of the suturul face in the two other spwie^ (tijrs. lOc, 111, r). Except whev tin- surface is much eroded, the large, inwa.-re-rhombs of the C'ystids, similar to those of Echiiwsphaera. Ulyplocu^tiK. et«'.; and tlu-y occur on every plate tliroiiK;hont the entire calyx to the arm ba>es. The test of < 'lei'itiiiiiis i- very thin, and nui-t have been extremely pliant; a-s shown by the figures, the actual sutural surface io less than the apparent cross-section of the plates, and besides the plates are dc<|'ly M1\I I \l N \ \ r K II;K I II I 1>. il\ 45 ('Yil, vnr.v iMir niinii its structm-f m- n-lnrioii-. I,l< HKVM'RIM H. A small, ciifru«tiiiK 4. Plate III, Rg->. U-». fi. I.OCkM. Ibid., p. 67, Plato IV, fipr^. U-j. PlBUBOCYSTIS S<)'AMO«rt.S Billinft^'. Dec. Ill, p. 40. Pliito T. fiars. la- ■• P. HOBISTIS. Ibid., p. 49, Pinto I. fi)?. 2a. AmVGOALOCYSTIS Ft,i>HKAt.ls Billing-. Dec. Ill, p. fi3. Phile VI. fin*, la- . A. RADI>TIS. Ibid., p. C5. Plate VI, tife'^. na, I. ' these species ore fairly repre-eiited. but tlio ?i.eoiineus are inosuy much onisheil. ASTEnOIDHA. StEXASTER SAI.TK.Rt Billing-. Dec. Ill, p. 78. Plate X. fiors. la, h. This species is quite abundant and in excoUent preservation. iT.ENiuRA cri-iNDRicrs CBillingsl. Tirniagler ciilliidricii-t.—Dec. ITT. p. i^\. Plate X. fig-, it- '■■ ** OlOLOOICAI, SIRVKV, CAXAOA I'ktiiastkh hkiiui i BilliiiKn. IWa. p. so. Plato IX, ig. 3«. U*n'. and of di.ul.tful identity. Protastm wiiiTE*viaiA.>«u« l'ark«. Tran». Canadion 'imtitute. 1907-(*, Vol. VI 1 1, p. 30.!. The I.Ht specie. w«. Jc^^ribod by Dr. Park, from gocl «,..oime,.. oollected at K.rkfieid for the Univer.ity of Toronto. ASTHOPORITES OTTAWAE.NhlH Lamb*-. Canadian Kit-onl .Soicuoe. 1807, p. l'87 and Platr. Some -pecimen. of thi« curious foMil were found. wLi.l, are not •uflicont. however, to determine with eerUinty itn .y.tenmtic ,.o.i. .on. It wa. de-cribed by Mr. L. M. Lambe with doubt a. « Polv.oan It appears to be a Hat. discoid body having lines of la. go oval pores w.th grooves between them radiating from the .eutr.. and ramifying by «,veral uniform and symmetrical l.ifurcatics t." ver ■ •mall ultimate divisions at the perimeter of the disc. Th..s.' proiluoe a reticul.,t.-.l appearance, somewhat reaenibling U.at of the ventr.d side of the arms of Crotalocrinvs. We now know that it WBS a sessile orRuuisu. ,.f some kind, the opposite side being a per- fectly flat, amorphous nurface, and the disk a, preserved being very tinn. The Krm.vcs cwivergo to a rounded area in the centre, which projects upward to a thickness considerably greater than the other I'arts. From some frag.nent« found at the same horizon in Kentucky .t would seem that there w«« a calcareous covering above thi.. of simi- lar structure, whereby the grooves were roofed over, so tl thoy wer,. in fact tul.nlar passages, so numerous, and so close togeth, r thit thi.s '•ovenng was held by very weak connexions, nnd was readily -letachod m the fo«8,l. There is thus some ground for Lelieving that these d.sco.d bodies may represent the lower part, or Hoor, of an unusually highly organized terminal root of a Crinoid. consolidated l.v growth into a calcareous plate for attachment to flat surfaces. It 'i. foun.l sometimes embedded in shale, sometimes adhering to har.i limestone and usually perfectly flat on the bottom. Expanded and consolidated roots are quite common among the Crinoid. of this formation (see Deca.Ie IV, Plate V. figs. U and 2a). a num- '^r of smaller ones of diflFerent shai^s being k-.v.wn. nnd also found TIIKN Hl\ I < III Viil'l liM KUN\ Al Kllil.l M IK, 'i.V r witli till' pit Ifi'lii.n-.; Iiiii iiiiiiv liiio lifii kiiii\Mi liffure wit'- mii'li c">iii|plii'tilMl mill ixiK'liH'I.N I'l'Kiilur ims'iiuri im tlii-.. The tail 'if thi »tiii|iHt« lif till- Cii I. lit. niti-. Iiiui' In il'l ■•••••m til that n H plafu for tliln t'i.»nil in lliiit ifniiii', t'nrii- to tliu hIiom' «intK<'"'tiiiii. ■*'n iihio to fiinl Ii'IkI itilditioiiiil INDEX. I'Atr. .If/t'/orriHWS dicksnnl, occufreiu-c ci It Amyiiilalociisiis fluvealis, o' cuiifiii .• Vi ruiliiilus, oicuiii'iicc \'< Arthaovriiiiis laruiKisiis, occurienef 11 mil iiihasnlis, octiiii'iMn i 11 j»/'''7"'"""». oci'uritiiir 11 Astroporitcs vttuirnciisis, ok nrieip f <•> a scssilo ort;:iiiisiii 4(1 Castocrinus nrltculosiis, occuirt'iK r 2'> iiidliinUs. (Hcni rciu'f 2-"t Ci.iiocMiNis, stniHiM.- iiml itlalions 11-41 porc-ihoiubs in 43 lavh, u. sp 4t refiiiis, new fipooimcii of It sciilia 3."i conjugans, discussed 29,3? huiii'iHs, occurrence and ledescriptifui 2S, S2 jrifi^tti, occurrence and rede^ciiptitii' 2S» S2 latibranchiatus, distingui~li,'d 33 imlydactylus 2!* Vycloctfstoiili'S hatU, occurrence 45 DEN'OTOTRiNrs, restricted and defined 29 casei, type of section 2S taiibrachiatus, distingui^licd 3:! prohosciiUattis, occurrence 37 Kdrloastcr biqshyi, occurrence of 4t Flexibilia, diverReiicp from Inadunata S.") relation to Cupulocriuiis .T*! Olyploerhiiis nriinlns, oiciirrenco II ramii(o«iis, occurrence U Olyptocystis mH/(i;»iriis, occurieiue (.'> HFTRROCP.lNrs, discussed 2ii-2'^ beUcrillensis, ri'f. to Ohiorritiiis • 2i> tenuis, occurrence 2'i HvHOCUlxrs, distinunislied from llybovyslis 22 coniciis. structure of 2t tiimidiis, structure of 2t HvBOTYSTis, structure and relations of l:!22 ambulacra and orals 16 eUloiii'tnis, structuie of 1^1 pnihlfiiKiticus, stnninre of 15-19 5675-4 *C OEOr.OOICAI. Sl-RVKY, CANADA OmoiiiiNis, disoiissed '''"'• '"■"'•'•'"'•"»<>. OK, in on. e' of "" Omw„R,NT,, ,li„.usM.d and ml.finod.. -" hiUingti, n. sp •''■•'"' typut, redesoriptinn of.. .. .. .. .*!! „ , . nrms and vpntral 5,10 in '' P;'f":'>frxnu, angulatu.. oc,,,„,y,ce ^t ■'« lenolyplocrinus bim„g,i, occurrence of.'.:.'. ■•' „, , . P^'"^"*. occurrence of " ^f '■"*'«'• "flW"». occurrence of. " Pl^urocv,ti»,quamo>u,, occrreuce'of'. "' Pr» '"T' ""«' *»^ ""d radianalof. . .'. X, iinKHi.rMs, ilisriiss.il '2 alvenXatui 9 slrllorls. rcliMiiM .,| '" .Sr,,.,t t« PLAl^i] I. 51 m:5-*} KXPLANATIOX OK TJJK rtATl>. All •ptoimans figured arc from th« lower part of tho Tronton Llmaitono; and, axeapt whara otharwiaa apacifiad, ara from Kirkfiald, Ontario, and in the author'a eollaction. All figurat, unlaaa diffarantly indicated, ara of natural aiza. Fu. I'LATi: 1. Beieocrinui alveolatus M. and G pinit- M lo. A mature, alightl; flattened specimen with complete crown, and a few pentasoual steia ossicles; r. post, radial view, showing keel-like anal series to about the level of fourth bifurcation, and the irregular, sharply Bculptured iBr plates. lb. Cross-soction of stem at an interpolated columnal. 2(1. Another specimen with nearly natural contour, from r. post, iuterradius; showing the deep pits at sides of basal and radial plates, the strong elevation and lateral buttresses of the brachial series, and depressed iBr areas filled with small plates. 2b. Cross-section of stem at a projecting columnal. 3. Large crown with long stem attached, anterior view; showing the prominent aiiii rounded radial angles nf the stem. 4. Infi-abasal plate? of very large specimen with part of stem attached, the side'> becoming broadly concave. (Following the terminology of Pentacrinine stems proposed by Dr. Bather in hij recent beautiful Memoir on Triassic Ecbinoderms of Bakony, p. 24, the stem in thi« and the foregoing specimens would be more accurately called ' subconcavistellate ' : but the work was received too late to enable me to adopt his terms in the text). 5. A rather young specimen, with stem pentagonal in pro.ximal part and becoming roundel below. Bete.'rinus steUaris Billings page 10 Fio. I. One of the tyi!.'i. original of Dec. IV, PI. IX, Hg. 4b, post, view, after removal of the matrix by further cleaning. It shows the stem to be perfectly round; the crook appearing in the original figure was due to unequal exposure in the matrix, and it was also much exaggerated in the drawing. Ottawa; Coll. Oeological Survev, Canada. 7. Cross-section of stem of another type, Dec. IV, PI. IX, fig. Ul; to show that the form of the axial canal is substantially the same in both species, the exterior form of the stem being due to secondary growth. Cupulooinus huinilis (Billings) page 2?. Fro. 8. Complete specimen with stciij tapering lo a fine point; r. ant. view. Note the bell-lik> shape of the projecting columnals. 9. Posterior view of a specimen showing full length of the anal tube, and the fine distal branches of the arms. upulocrinuj jeireffi (Billings) pn^e 2^ Fis. 10. A mature specimen, showing the general proportions of the calyx and arms; from anterior radius. Coll. Geological Survey, Canada. 11. Distal fare of a IBr., the articular markings indistinct. 12. A small specimen to show the characters of the stem ; the proximal columnals altiv- nating from the beginning, and not markedly enlarging. \i GEOLOGICAL SURVEY, C«^4«D« PLATS I ual btei:i of fourth 3 winK tL- 1 lateral plates. 1 "^ lent and le side.! &t er iu hi' a in tbi'< itellate ' : text). rounde i .page 10 il of the lie crook [, and it Surve.T, 2e. the foriij Di of the * 2t .page 2«. M \-lL3 bell-lik» m 'hB ne distal 1 mu .pa Re 2> m ffir s ; from 9 ^8a M ChANIAN del. * * KIRKFIELO ECHINODERMS Springer ( I i PLATE II. ri.ATi; II. nybocyilh rliliinrn.si.i I'nilc. .p»f« 1) I'M. t. A ■mall Kprcinieu with 4 brachials Id tin iirin, anil ambulaciii itKurriiiK on tlio dorsi*! ■ide; from r. pout. rBy; Intcral anihiil.iiiiini imt pu!, c«n*d* CMAMMAS 3Ei,. KIRKFIELD ECHINODERMS Springer PLATE III. I'LAIL Hi In. 1(> !•', 4b. If. ',).. (■'upulotrtnui hiimilif (lliilitiK'-' A liii'ily (il.i.- iii.iMi. ..iilcinn V I. « -Im.i iBt 4 iUr iii unteiiur ray, «i PoMcrior view ol Mtme; •howtnn (I) thi' lapiui the anal tub* with itt boijer ot Miiall pi' inagulijr plates ju left iHintoiior ii.tenaaiu* Kftiiil (if lift iNiiitcriur iiiti'HB 4irf ini.i. h^kiiIiu ' '. I <» till I of brachial »iiiiii(«. (.hnwinif tlu- fl ?"••<>' lk« ••n»«i thia ii not a mere .e , ..""'■ .?f'*» •''" Jefply i.ln,,,.,|. iiidi.aiiuk ,1 I li'Mbilia. \ X A broken appiiiiKii, »ho«iii|! i|) ih.> iiii,>l tiilx s. i« lii-t. Fiut the iiiiiMiiit ..I' it 111 llie iiiiitr the exfreniity. kihI Ii<.» Hi., tiil..^ Inpeis f„ ►ac; (a.» the ineilitiii mh,, i,t |il.iti» ncnlv 1 Broken »peiii.>li iiieuulur pill t'!i 111 iliii'i' S "I the two lateral ray>. I. lUt-iir < ill the raya; (i) the b«M> o^ iM"K Mil wither nide; (3) integument of (41 I Mir in the posterior rays. .J ' (laniciir ami iinniber nf sin.ill I ' «iiiil. beiiiK lurKi'l.v heUHKoiiul I III »-. n from the dorxal side, lu 1 I V (I th.> edge of the plates, but the I I' "tili»y iu the ruys, n» in mam '...>'' I'M full lenKth; the ili^tul en. I ^ fi -uiMiim whit must Imvp ben • iM.i I , instead -f exptindiiiK inlu .• veil " i'l„,iit keel. ' l'i> iion. ai few; showiii: ""• "■ ' ■• . <' < .IttiliK cIomIv •mn.i ,1 •II, oon-aiternatiii^- ' ' * ' polydartylm. in thi 't.i'rfi '. I'lparison of niml sti n I": over up. II he tegnian. x 2. ''"• t • -trurtures, whieli m,. Cupuloertnut iricttti (Billings) Nearly complete rrowii. posterior view; sho. niu iP nnul tube with \.^\^A „ a- r-.Sjua.'V^'*' "'• '*""''"• ■*'«-»»'"! .-•) "small Va,'"'i';? l^W Ure'r^Jr "^;1':; Detail of left pr.steiior iiiterr;idiii *■»'?» "nd lower part ofrayfr-anterior view to how the deeply indented and waving sutures; plates almost sm7ot h wiH,„,, f neeting ridges or furrows; small plates in iBr areas smooth, without ron- I'ojterior view of same, showing base'ofaiiai" tuli Detail of IIBr at c in the riyht posterior rnv, -ho»i auttllea. .\ 3. Ill; the strung linuoslty of ths Cupulocrinut jeiretti, var. Ifcenfudkifnjii. • page 32. , ^tf'"ab:iV'c:S^r••''^V-d^rrio^^„;^Kerc^r' ^' "-■' — ^' '•"O"^"--"' 9. bimilar specimen fron. same locality with arms lie' *. Specimen with smooth plates, posterior 17 -■^^'^""•■"^"o."' same locality with arms neailv ,„ini,Ieto fv^.^ 1 c^ , ■ mteriadius; showing dl a huKe. well derelnne.l iV.VL, 1 L'' 1 "i ."'? '*'^* ant.-rior terradius-a sporadic' occ„rre.,,'e:^^ot f,' ml i^il,, e^ ^^'it'.^' P''' ', '» ""'-^ ■■■"■ »" i.f Mem with allernnting .„l,.,„„ais. very differ, I'tV.'.inTha" of Fwirrs''"'"''' •""' ^^ Protaxocrinui lirris (Billing*) 10. A coiiiphte crown, p.isteiior ■ page 11. s^n ,;,^:."v.;;t'^;;:ien:;:^ra.;l;;i"T,,':':,,:-;'i ;';:-:-.'.»'•■«-• '.. P.in,itive flgnreB. x 2. i.""iii. ii.i (omp.THs,,,, »,ih structures in precedini; bowing interbrachial plates. Un. ? Ml afler specimen fioni Citlawa, anrerior ^ iew Ueolpgical Survey, C'nnada. x " •.\b. Pcsterii.r view of sime, showing a'lial tube x " 60 Coll. M CNAMIAh OIL. KIRKFIELD ECHINODERMS Sprinoer PLATE IV 63 li.ATi; IV. Ollaitacrinns billiuati u. 8(i. .page 40. Fia. In. X niatui'c specimen hihm\ from the anterior side, iiatiiriil «izc; sliowiuR (1) the ruKo^e vMitial ^ac proserKil tn ulji(.« W. K. Billings page 37. Specimen showing the heterotomous branching of the arms, from antero lateral inter- radius: the line of longitudinal division of the stem is also seen. A complete crown, with ventral sac of smooth plates rising to the full height of the arms' posterior view, x 2. Another specimen from posterior side, showing arm-briinching and part of ventral sac. Ctl ^^Ili fiu ^UFi.F''. C.J>tiil comity, Kentucky, pubteiior view; gfaowing the highly arched and cifniilatwl anal plate, and lower part oi arms with traniTerse grooTi* leadiDK to ventral fide. , , . j i. Ventral Bide of another specimen, khouing the extreme arrhing of the anal plate, ana traces of ambnla'ra ; Mime locality, ,t. Another specimen from -.ime locality uitli anal pyramid well preserved; drawn with posterior side up, for better view of the >tructure8; water iM)re indifctiuctly shown. *. Small specimen from Mercer county, Kentucky, with tegmen preserved: anal pyramid distinct, but ambulncral plates wanting. S. One of the type«. original of Dec. IV, PI. II, 6g. Ir, posterior side, after additional cleaning; showing crenulated anal plate, Ottawa. Qeological Survey, Canada. I'Ui. //(/I)0( riiiiiJ conicu,« Billings page 24. iVi. I'o-tcriur sivK nf large specimen tioin Otiawa, showing anal plate with smooth distal margin, fiillnwfd directly by phites leiidiiig to anal opening. tb. Tegmen of same, showing extreme marginal position of anal opening, directly turough a cluster of small plates without anv defined pyramid; also the ambulacral struc- tures. Note the large sub-ambulairnl plates. I'lO. Clfioccinui regius Billings pag« 44. 7. Small specimen from Kirkfield, basal viov; showing external form of the S '*''£* 'f" frabasals lying within the ring of alternating basal and radial plates. To be compared with figures on Plate I of the paper on Cleiocrinui, Mem. Mus. Comp. Zool., XXV, No. 2. ^ ^. ,^^ ,.^ e<'inien from IA\ upward, showing rhombic areas witD slits traversing the sutures, x 3/2. '•<.'. Kxterior of an axillary plate, probably IIIBr, from another weathered fragment in which the usual median ridge is worn off; showing the rbombio areas with slits leading to a line of pores on each suture, x 3. 9>>. Inner surface of same plate and the two next below it, showing the large pores opening to the interior at the corners of the plates, and the broad ventral grooTe*. x 2. Cleincrinus aiulplus n. sp page 41- Fw. Mercer louuty. Kentucky. llki. Loner part of calyx to lIBr:, with stem detached, and free from matrix inside and out, posterior view; U has elaborate sculpturing, with rhombic areas of bars and firooves crossing the suture lines, and plates strongly elevated in the middle; the ower visible range of plates are the alternating basals and radials, the posterior basal being much higher than the others, x 3. Idb. Basal view of same, showing the 5 large infrabasals ' telescoped ' into the ring of basals and radials, and the shallow channels at the inner edges of the plates, x 2. I^c. Interior of same, showing large pores opening inward at the corners of the plates, and the lip-like projections from the ( haiinels on infrubasals leading towards the interior ; also the strong curvature of the inner surface of the plates generally. X 2. 10'/. Detail of r. post. IIBr and adjoining anal plate, showing the rods, ridges, oiid grooves radiating from the median, keel-like elevation, and the rhombs crossing the suture lines. The sculpturing may be accentuated from replacement of cavities by infiltra- tion of siliceous matter, and dissolving of the outer stereom, the usual grannlar surface being destroyed; the pores on the suture lines are obscure at the exterior. I 4. III'. IMstal face of the same plates, showing course of the tunnels running from the pore* on the suture lines right and left, converging to form the large openings to the interior; also the inner curvature of the plates, and relative thinness of the actual sutnral face; the anal plate has a peculiar central pit not seen on the others, x 4. In'. V>itical section at middle of brachials, showing their median elevation, x 3. C/ciocrinu.s Jirvis n. sp papc H. Fw. Shelbyville, Tennessee. 11(1. Dorsal side of a IIBr and connecting plates of the type specimen, which has the calyx preserved to about the second bifurcation; the original surface is in perfect con- dition, showing the meshes and folds of stereom ; the plates are without sculpturing, flush irith each other, having but a faint, broad median ridge, and no slits or pore- rhombs visible: but with pores along the suture line of each face, x 6. lib. Distal face of same plates, showing the coui-se of tunnels at either side discharging into large, funnel-shaped openings to the interior at the corners of the plates; the struc- ture of these is shown in greater detail in the next figure, x 6. lie. The two funnel-shaped pons, )) and v\ of the last figure: p is entirely within plate ' Br ' and the apposed one above it, while p' is confined to plate "' Br'* and its ».|I( « ev-(,r. \ S. 69 GEOLOG'C«L SURVEY, CANADA PiA-e V KIRKFIELD ECHINODERMS Sphinqer CANADA DEPARTMENT OF MINES OaOLOOIOAL SURVEY BRAXOK Hon. \V. TlHrtMAN, MiitisTU; A. P. liOW. Dwott Minmtii: R. W. BlOCR, DlMCTOI. SELECTED LIST OF REPOIITS AND MAPS tSINCK lMS.->) OF SPECIAL ECONOMIC INTKHKST rCBI.I4HED BT •VWtoattk* TIIK UKOiAHiWAL SlUVKV ■••«lM»- No.948. Rtport of Mlnet Section, 188C. No. 062. Roport of M!n«< Sertion . 1407. 373 1887. 69S IWS *300 1888. 718 IS09 301 1880. 744 1900 334 1890. 800 1901 88S 1891. 835 1002 330 1892. 893 190:1 873 ' 1893-4. 028 1904 303 1803. 071 190.5 838 • • 1890. WmmI PM«««tlM •t OMMttel- No. *414. Yaw 1886. No. MSS. Ynrl893. No. 719. Year tOOU. •418 " 1887. •886 • 1894. 710a * 1901. •416 • 1888. •877 - 1S93. 813 • 1902. •417 • 1880. ^013 • 1806. 861 • 1903. •418 • 1800. Caa " 1886-96. 896 " 1904. •419 * 1801. 640 ■ 1897. 934 ' 1903. •430 ■ 188641. 671 « 1893. 981 * 1900. •431 ■ 1803. 686 " 1800. No. •818. Pistiaum. Nc. 860. Zinc. No. 881. Phosphate. 881. Coia. 860. HIra. 883. Copper. •884. Aabettos. 872. Molybdentun and 887. InfusorUl Earth. Tun«ten. 013. Mineral Pigmrau 953. Barytee. 888. MaagUMM. ^877. Graphlti. 084. Mineral Pigment!. 880. Salt. 880. Prat. (Fren'hi [l»«*sl*(y»— No. ^102. Yaar 1874-8. Nu. 169. Year 1883-3-4. No. 580. Year 1804. •IJO • 1878-6. 222 " 1885. 616 ■ 1803. •110 • 1876-7. 246 - 1886. 651 ' 1806. 136 • 1877-8. 273 ' 1887-8. 603 ' 1898. 138 • 18784. 290 ' 1888-9. 734 ■-■ 1899. 148 ■ 1879-80. 333 « 1890-1. 821 • 1900. 186 • 1880-1-2. 350 • 1892-3. •95S • 1906. I I • Publications marked thu« are out of print. REPORTS 74.'. •973. 1073. lOM. 10S6. 1107. •360. •3M. 687. S84. •809. 943. 9S1. 979. 083. 1016. 1050. 1097. 313. •235. 336. 263. •271. •294. •573. 574. 743. 939. 940. 986. 988. 996. (IKNKiUL. Allitudo^ uf CaiiaJK, by .1. Wlilie. I.sou. D«arrlutiv« Cutalngue of MInernU ami l{(H'k.«. by It A. A. JoliD.y (i A. YoiiDK. rniil IntnHiuctory by 11. W. Hro.k. Mbp« No. IOSI; No. 1.»»2 (wconil cilitlim), Mull' ItN) iii.-l III FicDch trmn^ilntionor UoM-riptivcHkpUh of IlicUeulocvanJ Gionomk' Mloenl* of L'anuilit, bv U. A. Young. bikI Intrcxlm tory by H. W. Urork. M»p< No. lOM; No. 1042 (MMonJ cUltlon), walr KKIm.-l In. Part II. (leologiral position and charartfr of the oll-HJiBlr drposltK nf Canada, by R. W. E\h. YUKON. Yukon district, bv Ci. M. Dawson. 1887. Map* No. 274. wale Of) in. -1 In.; Noa. 275 ancf 277. urate .S m - 1 in. Yukon and Ma<'krn>le bahjni. by U. O. McConnell. 1889. Map No. .'«i7. scale C. Owilllm. 1890. Map No. 742. scale 4 Map No. 041 , scale 1 ,600 ft. - 1 In. Finlay and Omineca rivers, by R. 8 m. — 1 in. Atlln Lake mining divlaioD, by J m. — 1 in. Roasland dbtrict, by R. W. Brock Grmham island, by R. W. Ells. 1905. ' Maps No. 921, scale 4 m. -1 in.; No. 922, scale 1 m.-l In. Slmilkamccn district, by Chas. CTamsell. Map No. !IS7. scale 400 ch. -1 in. Talkwa river and vicinity, by W. W. Leach. Map No. 989, scale 2 ni. - 1 In. Nanaimo and New Westminster districts, by O. E. LeRoy. 1907. Map No. 907, scale 4 m. — 1 In. Publications marked thus art- out of print. t03A, 1003. •937. 334. 703. •MB. ««8. 103S. C'twI-flvliU of Manilnb*, 8iukiil>-li««ri>D, Alberiit. hihI I'jwirrn Rrltkh i'n4i|inbla, by i>. it. Dowlins (irology, and On I>rpwltii of llvdlry Mining illKlrlct. Rrltlxli ('uItii>iI>U. I>r CTukrlrn Camiicll. Map* Ncm lOim iinil lUUtl. xoiv l,UU) ft. -I in.. .No. ft ~l In; No. Iltm, xiaie MX) ft. -I is.; So. lli!\. vnh I los, M'kie eon 1 ,000 ft - 1 In. Ai.HKIMA It I vrrrll. 1880. )tf» .N'»< 249 Mtil 3AU, okl* 8 Central portion, liy .1. m. — t in. Prnie and Athabiwkn Rivrr^ dUtrict, by K. U. Mi-Connell 189U-1. Map No. 33(1, icala 4H m. - 1 in. Yellowlicad I'ara route, by J. UcEvoy. 18B8. Map No. 070, arBla S m.-l In. C'aMade roal-field«, by D. B Dowlinc. Map* . wala 1 m. — 1 in. Hoo>« Mountain diatrirt, by D. D. Caime*. Mapo No. OA:l, M-aie '.2 m. -1 la.; No. 000, ni'Ble I III. - 1 In. Coal-fields of Manitoba, Siukatrhawan, Alberta, and i^lattem Hritl^h Columbia, by U. B. IHiwIinK. Map No. I,«)I0, urale 3A m. -1 In SA8KATCIIEWAN. 313. C}pre>» liilU and Wo.>\>i Siy 225 and 220, wale H m.-l in. SOI. Country between Athabivka lake and Churchill rivrr, by J. B. Tvrrt'll aad U. B. Dowllna. 1805. Map No. 057, ecaie 25 in - 1 Id. 808. Sourli RIvrr •oaUfleld, by U. U. Dowllnc. 10O2. 1035. Coal-fields of Manitoba, Baskatchewan, Alberta, and Ea.. B. Dowlinc. Map No. 1 ,010, xrale 35 m. - 1 in MANITOBA. 2M. Duck and Riding mountain*, by J. D. Tyrrell. 18M7-8. Map No. 282 scale 8 3M. Glarfaki'Laka'Agaaoii, by W. Upham. 1880. Map* .No*. 314, 315, 310. 33S. Northweatem portion, by J. B. Tyrrell. 1800-1. Maps No* 33U and -iSO, walo 8 m. — 1 in. 704. Lake Winnipeg (wwt.ahore), by D. B. Uowling. 18B8. ) Bt HiV O 1*1. ^ i . Lake Winnipeg (« Map No. 604, 70S. Lake 103S '^i scale 8 m. innipeg(ean shore), by J. B. Tyrrell. Bound together. 1808. I Coal-fiei^ of Manifoba, Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Fastem Brltisii Columbia, by D. B. Dowltog. Map No. 1010, scale 35 m - 1 in. Map No. M4, scale 8 m-1 in. - Hi - . . NORTH WEST TERRITORIEa ■ 1 in. 1880. Map No. 2.U, Low. 1804. Map No. 570. 317. Hudson bay and strait, by R. Bell. 1885. Hap No. 220, scale 4 m. 338. Hudson bay, south of, by A. P. Low. 1880. 330. Atlawapiskat and Albany rivers, by R. Bell. 1880. 244. Northern portion of the Dominioo, by O. M. Dawson. scale 200 m.-l In. 307. James bay and country east of Hudson bav, by A. P. 578. Red lake and part of Berens river, by D. H. Dowling. scale 8 D< - 1 in. *584. LBbradorpeuin8uIa,byA. P.Low. 1805. Maps Noe. 585-588, scale 25 in.-l in 018. Dubawnt. Kaian, and Ferguson rivers, by J. B. Tyrrell. 1806. Map No. 003, scale 25 m.-l in. 657. Northern portion of the Labrador peninsula, by A. P. Low. 080. South Shore Huilson strait and Ungava bay, by A. P. Low. 1 Map No. 600, scale 25 m. -1 in. I Ilound tnsethar 713. North Shore Hudson strait and Ungava bay, by R. Bell. ( "*"""' togetner. Hap No. 000, scale 25 m. — 1 In. I 735. Great Bear lake to Great Slave Uke, by J. M. Bell. 1000. 778. East Coast Hudson bay, by A. P. Low 1000. Maps Nos. 770, 780, 7^1. icale 8 m.-l in. 786-787. Onaa River region, by J. B. Tyrrell and D R. Dowling. 1000. 'PaUlcationa marked thua are out of print. I-Nil. Map No. 7.M. M-ali HI A. Kkwan rivrr aail Su'lan lak», by li. It. I)ti-.%iiat OO m.-l Id. M9. Naatapolu I«laa4<, Iludtos Imv, by A. P. i.ow l(HJu:j. 1(160. Freniii iraaalalion report oa ao txploratlaii of (li« Eavt roaw. Mapa Not. 770, 7Sn, 781, arala 8 m.-I In : No. 7HA, Makt AO m -I in l>i07. R«*■<>. Map No. 237, M-al* i in. - I in. *aeA. Ralay I^aka regloo, by A. C. Idiwaon. IS87. Map No. 38.1, nraia 4 in. > I in 304. Laka Buparior, mlaa* and mining, by R l>. loaall. IMIH. Map* No. aW. aaUa 4 m.-l In.; No. 380, arala 90 di.- 1 In. *afl. Sudbury mtelnc dlitrkt, bv R. Ball. 1890-1. Map No 343, vala 4 m. -1 la •37. Huntar UaMlTby W. H. C. 8mhh. 1800-1. Map No. 343, icala 4 m.-l in 333. NaturalOaaaBdPatrol*um,bvII. P. II. Brumall. 1800-1. Mapa Not. 344-349 3A7. Victoria. Pttarborougb, and HaaUnn countlaa, by F. I). Adanu. 1803-3. 637. OnthaFraBchRiverthaat, by R. D8|. """ -' " 078. Bala* rivar and Laka Shabaadowan i 1800. Map No. 570. acaia 4 m. - 1 in long th* KlBotoa aad Pambrok* railway, by E. U No. 030, acai* 3 m.-l in.; a^ plaa« of^lS minaa. I, and Praacolt countlaa, by R. W. KlU. 1890. (.Sm ! IngaU No. 739. Noj Map« .„ y . D map-ahaatt. by W. Mclnae*. 1807. Map« Noa. 580 and BOO, acala 4 m. -iTa.^ Iron dapoahi along th* Kr lOOOT^Map^^ — CarletoB, Ru«cll, Quabao.) Ottawa aad vicinity, by R. W. Ell*. 1900. Parth "liwrt, by R. W. ElU. 1900. Map No. 780, ical* 4 m.-l in. ■^'iS.T' S'JS.''*' H^ Coppw dapoulM, by A. E. Barlow (Repriat). M... 776, 830. KaU I m.-l la.; No*. 834, 835, 804. acala MO ft. -Ha NIpiMlag aad Timbkamlag map-ahaau, by A. E. Barlow. (Reprint). = ^u""* S?*.! 000, a«jl^m.-l In.; Wo. 044. aeal* 1 m. - 1 ^. Sudbury NIckal and Ooppar dappalt*, by A. E. Barlow. (French). Raport OB Niagara Fall*, by J. W.gpaaoar. Mapa Noa. 930, 907. Report oa PMnbrok* iheat, by R. W. Elli. Map No. 000. arala 4 m. - 1 In. OaokHPcal raconaalMaara of a portloa of Algoma aad < Thuader Bar dtatrict, Oat., by W. J. Wilwa. Map I No. 004, M«la8ra.-lln. I n_ j . .i On the regloB lying north of Uke Superior, betweea tlie f *"""* together Ptc aad Nlpigoa rivera. Oat., by W. H. Collins. Map No. 004, tcaleS m.-l in. J Report oa Northwaatara Ontario, travarwd by National TranMOBtlnental rallavy, between Uk* Niplgon and Sturgeon laka, by W. U. CoUin.a. Map No. 003, teata 4 m.— 1 In. Report on Pembroke iheet, by R. W. ElU. (French). Map No. 800, arale 4 m.-l In. 099. French translation Oownnda Mining Division, by W. II. Collins. Map No 1070, arala 1 m. — 1 in. 1038. French translation report on the Transcontinental Railwa I^ke NIpIgon and Sturgeon lake, by W. H. Callina. 4 m.-l in. 1050. Geological raoonnalssaace of the nylon traversed by the National Trans- cpntlaental railway between Lake Niplgon and Qay Uke, Ont., by W. H Collins. Map No. 003, acala 4 m. -fib. J2I5- £«'*^S^H!"'n«D'»'»'<".^''lH/0<»"'n'- M«P No. 1,070, wale 1 m.-I ia 1082. Memoir No. 0.— OeohMnrof th* Hallburton and Bancroft areas, Ont., by Fraak D. Adams aad Alfred E. Barlow. Haps No. 708, scale 4 m. - 1 in. ; No 770, seal* 3 m.-l In. 1114. French translation Oeological reconnaissance of a portion of Algoma and Thunder Bay district, Ont., by W. J. Witsoa. tUp No, 904, sGale8ra.-l In. 1119. French translatioa oa the regloa Mng north of Lake Superior, betweea tlie Pis aad Nlpbon ri\-ers. Ont. by W. H. Collins. Map No. 004. -1 la. *^ 733. 730. 741. 790. 901. 903. 905. 070. on. too. 1081. 903. 008. ay loratioo between Map No. 003, acak scale S m. Bound togrllier. *Publlcatlont marked thiia are out of print. Vtl'bHEC. „ _ M»n No iih. ,.-^'.» » in _-l la. Comptuo, Hianatcad.'BMUi'*, Kichmonil, itnil Wolfe rnuntlv^. by It. W. Ella UbtaiMlal rii|>t.U(loB. by A P. I.iiw. IMM-: y.«- , I- C}ui-.. l.y Map 316. flO. Thko! M»p .N"' S.'i/ (8h»rtirixiln> .hci"', «.»!« 4 m. - 1 In." 968. Mauntlf, I4<'aui'<-, li<>ri')>riitrr. LcvU. lirlltM li.i^w. miiI Munt iiiMpiy cihumIm, by K. W. Kll- 1SK7-S Map No 2K7 .i»l« 4il < (. -I in 307. Miaeral rrMiiino, I v It. W KIN. |>«.H» S38. Portiwuf, iiueli«<-, aail Mimiii»a<(ny loiinli**. by A P. Low. IHWH. tn. EMtem Town^ihiiw. Montreal lUv^. by K. W. ICIU aiui K. I>. Adama ISM. Map No. .Wl. sralr 4 in. - I In. Ml. Laurentlan area north of die Mnii't (if Vlonlreal. by F. I>. Adaiiix IWA. Map No. .^Ml, M'ale 4 in ' I 111 670. AurlferoiM ilepositi, nomlira^lern portion, *>y R. Chalmen. I^W. Map No. WiT, wale .<< iii -1 in 707. EMtern Township-. Three lllvrr* .Iim'I. bv R W. KIN. |H9« 7W. Ar^ntroll, tittawH n.ll>oDtla<- roiiBlie^, by It. W Kll>. i'«0 (.I** Nu. 73». Ontario). 788. Nottaway ba«ln. l>^ It Bell imm •Ma|. So 7li2, «"-ale HI m, -1 In. 863. Welln on Manil of Montreal. I>v K. I > Ailiii.i- IWIl. M«p« No*. S74, K:., -76 •03. Chlbouffunmu reirion. bv A. V < o». liNi- •63. TImlMkainliiB map-heet. by -A K. liarlow (II. print i Mai.n Nu- .'iW». wale 4 m. — I in ; No. 044. arale I ni - I in. •74. Report on t'opijer-liearinjt rockn of K««tem Town-lKp*. by .1. A. l»re..iM(r. No. »70, M ala H ni. - I In. •78. Raport eo Copper-bearlnc rwkii of iju-ifm Town-hip^, by J. A Hrr (Frenrh) •98. Report on the Penibrolte theet, by it. W Kll«. (I nmh). 1038. Raport on a Recent l)i»rew.vr. Map .No. UlUn,' wale Z mi. - I In. 1083. Rapurt on a Recent l>L<-al, by Frank U. Adama aad U. E. Ix^Rov. Maps .No*. X74, Mi'sle, 4 ir -1 in . No. ^7fi, acala 3,000 ft. - 1 in. ; No. M6. 1144. Raprint of Hummary Report on Die Serpentine Belt of Soutliam Quebec, bv J. A. Dre«»ar. NEW BRUNSWICK. 218. Weatem New Bruniwick and K»-tem Nova Scotia, by R. W. ElU. 1885 Map No 230, acale 4 m. — 1 In. 310. Carleton and Victoria couotlea, by L. W. BaiUy. 1888. Map No. 231, acale 4 III. -I in. 243. Victoria, Reatliouche, and Northumberland countlaa, N.B., by L. W. Daiiey and W. Mclnnea. 1886. Map No. 3S4, ecala 4 m.-l In. 36B. Northern portion aad adjacent areaa, by L. W. Bailey and W. McInneM 1S87>S; Hap No. 200. scale 4 ra.-l In. 830. Tamiacouata and Rimouiikl countlea, by L. W. Bailey and W. Mclnnea. 1890-1 Hap No. 350, arale 4 m. - 1 In. •61. Mineral reaourcea, by L. W. Ftallev. 1R07. Map .No. 675, xale 10 m.-l in. New Brunswick geology, by It. W. Ells. 1887. 700. Carbonlferoiu ivatem, by L. W. Bailey. 1000. / 803. Coal proapecta in, by fl. S. Poole. 1900. \ Bound together. •83. Mineral resources, by R. W. EUs. Map No. 060, scale 16 m.-l In. 1034. Mineral resources, by R. W. Ella. (Freaeh). Map No. 960, acale 16 m. -1 in. NOVA SOOTTA. 243. OuyaborouRh, AntlRonNh. Pi' tou, Cotcheater, and Halifax counties, by Hugh Flcuher and E. It lutibault. lS«fl. 331. PIctou and Colchester countica, by H. Fletcher ISOO-l. 388. Southwestern Nova Scotia (preliminary), by L. W. Bailey 1892-.'!. .Map No. 362. scale K m.-l in. 628. Southwesstem Nova Scotia, by L. W. Bailey. 1896. Map No. 641, scale 8 m. — 1 in. 686. Sydney coal-field, by IL Fletcher. Map* Nna. G52, 653, 654, scale I m.-l la 797. Cambrian rocks of Cape Breton, by O. F. Matthew. 1900. 871. Pictou coal-field, by H. S. Poole. 1903. Map .No. <\:i. ocale 25 ch.-l in. 'Publications marked thus are out of print. 567^-5 6 MAPS. 1043. Oominion of Canada. MineraU. Scale lOU m. — 1 in. YUKON. 805. Kxpluration.i on Macmillan. Upper Pelly. nnd .Stewart rivers, scale "< tti. "1 in. 891. Portion of Diiiiran C'rwic Mininx iifiil:iry (reck .Mining di-trit , <.ale I ni. — 1 in S'.M). .Niroju coal ba-'in. scale 1 in —1 in. 04K rrcliiiiinary GeoloKical Map of Kofwland and vicinity, scale 1,600 ft. -1 in. !(S7. I'rinu'lon coal basin and ('op[»r Mountain Mining camp, »cale 40ch. — 1 in. 0S9 Tclkwa river and vii'inity, sialc 2 m. — I in. !M)7. .Nunainio and .New Westniinster MininK division, scale 4 m. — I in. loill. .'s|NMi:d .Mapof Kossland. l'o|KiKrapliiial sheet. Scale 400 ft. - 1 in. I(H)2. .siiwcial Mail of Kossland. GeoloKical .slieet. Scale 400 ft. -1 in. lOO.'t Ko.s.sl;,nd MininK cauip. 'ropuRrapliicuJ sheet. Scale 1.200 ft. — 1 in. I(HI4. Uowland MininK camp CieoloKical sheet. Scale 1,200 ft. ~1 in. lOtiS Slieep ("reek MininK cani p. tlcoioKicul slicet. Sj-ale 1 ni.— 1 in. 1074. Sheep Cnek Mining camp. TopoKraphir'al sheet. Scale 1 m. — 1 in. lOO.V l.\. — lleilley Mininj; district. TopoKrapliical slie<'t. S<'ale 1 ,000 ft. — 1 in KHKi. 2A.—llcdicy .Mining distri.t. CeoloKical slieet. St-ale 1,000 ft. -1 in. Ilo.'i. 4.\.—(iiildcn /one Minins camp. Si ale oai ft. -1 In. 1 100. .'lA.— .Mineral ('laims on Henry cn>ck. Scale .S(H) ft -1 in. 112."). llcdiey Mining district! .■Structure .SiMtions. Si ale 1 , (XX) ft - 1 in. ALBKUTA. AII4..59A. Peace and Athaba.ska rivers, scale 10 ra.-l in. •.SO,S. Hlairinore-Frank coal-fields, scale 1,><0 ch. — 1 in. M)2. Costiean coal basin, scale 40 di — 1 in. !*21>-93(i. Casi^ado coal basin. Si-ale 1 in. — I in. «(>:i-90(i. MooKe Mountain region. CV>al Areas. S<'ale 2 m. — 1 in. 1010 Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, (.^al Areas. Scale 35 m. — 1 in. 1117. .I.V. — Exlinonton. (Tojiographvl. Scale ^ m. — 1 in. lll.s. al-Seld. Siale 2 m. — 1 In. S.\SK.\TCI1KWAN. lOUi. .Mlwrla, Saskatclicwan, and Manitoba. Coal Areas. Scale 35 m. — 1 in. MANITOBA S04. I'arl of lurile mountain sliowini; coal areas, ncale 1} in. — 1 in. 1010. Allien a, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba, (.'oal .\reas. Scale 3.1 m. — 1 in, *l'ublicaiioiis niarki. — 1 in •789. Perth sheet, scale 4 m. — 1 in 820. Sudbury district, Sudbury, s. iilc I m. - 1 in. 824-825. Suabury district, Copper I'liff mines, scale 'H'l i:.-\ in. 852. Nortlieast Ann of Vermiflon Iron ranges, Tiro.-.r»">'. -"caie H' "h "1 la. 864. Sudbury district, Elsie and Murray mines, si ulc •'in ft. -1 in. 903. Ottawa and (kimwall sheet, m iile 1 m. - 1 in B44. Prellniinary Map of TImacaini and Rabbit lakes, scale 1 m. —1 !n. 964 . OeologicBl Map of parts of AlRoma and Thunder bay, scale 8 m. — I la. 1023. Corunaum Rearing Rock.1. Central Ontario. Scale 17^ m.—l in. 1076. Oowganda Mining Division, scale 1 m -1 in. (.iUV.HKV •251. Sherbrooke slieet. Eastern Townships Hap, scale 4 m. — 1 in. 287. Thutford and Colerainc Asbestos district, scale 40 ch. -1 In. 375. tjucbec sheet. Eastern Townships Map, scale 4 m. — 1 in. •671 . Montreal sheet, hjistem Town«hip» sheet, scale 4 m. — 1 in. •866. Three Rivers sheet, tji-stcm Township* Map, scale 4 m. — 1 in. 667. Oold Arcai in southeastern part, scale 8 m. •- 1 in. •668. Oraphlte district in l.abelle county, scale 40 ch. — I in 918. Cliibouganmu region, scale 4 m. — 1 in. 976. The Older Copper-bearing Rocks of the Eastem.Townahips, scale 8 a.— I In. 1007. Lake Timlskaming region, scale 2 m. -1 in. 1029. Lake Megantic and vicinity, scale 2 m. - 1 in. NEW BRUNSWICK. •675. Map of Principal Mineral Occurrences. Scale 10 m. — I in. 969. Hap of Principul Mineral Localities. Scale 16 m. -1 in. NOVA SCOTIA. •812. Preliminary .Map uf dpringhill coal-field, scale 50 ch. -1 In. 83:1. Plctou coal-field, scale 25 ch. - 1 In. 897. Preliminary Geological Plan nf .NIctaux and Torbrook Iron district, scale 2.) ih — 1 in. 927. General Map nf Province sliowing gold districts, scale 12 m. ••I in. 9;t7. I.eipsigate Gold di.strict. .srnle 500 ft. -1 in. 945. Ilnrrigan Gold district, scale 4(K) ft. -1 in. S(95. MulaK» Gold district, scale 2iU) ft. — 1 in. 1012. Hrookfield Gold district, scale 250 ft. - 1 in. 1019. Halifax GeoloKical sheet. No. 08. Scale 1 ra. — 1 in 1025. Waverley Geological sheet. No. 07. Scale 1 m. -1 in. 1036. St. Margaret Hay Geological stiect. No. 71. Scale 1 m. — 1 in. 10.37. Wind-mr Ge«>loEiial s! eel . No. 7.1. Scale 1 m. — 1 in. KMS. As|X)togan Geological sheet. No. 70. Scale 1 m. — 1 in. Note.— Individual Maps or Reports will be furnished free to bona /ids Caoadlaa applicants. Reports and Maps may be ordered by tiie numbers prefixed to titles. Applications sliould be addressed to 'ITie Director. Oeological Survey, Depart t of Mines. Ottawa. ment i •Publications marked thus are out of print.