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^{oLd
GRAFTON'S
Word AND SentencpjBook.
A PRACTICAL SPELLER
Designed to Teach the Form, P
Meaning, and Use of Commo
Wonh are things, and a small drop of Ink, j
Falling like dew upon a thought, produces /
That which makes thousands, perhaps niillioW,lhi
MONTREAL
F. E. GRAFTON & SONS
1899
^'^l^^'iZTnf":^ '"J"' "' Parliament of Dominion of Canada, In the
Office of tlie Minister of Agriculture, in tiie year im, by
F. E. GRAFTON & SONS,
MONTREAJ.
PREFACE
The essentials of a Spelling-Fiook are :
1. A collection of practical words.
2. A progressive order of exercises.
3. Form, pronunciation, meaning, and use of words taught together.
4. Words presented in sentences and related groups ; as the sentence!
not the word, is the unit of thought.
5. Sentences:— examples of good English, containing useful informa-
tion, sound moral principles, and ennobling sentiments.
6. Lessons of a character to interest, in order to instruct.
STEPS IN A SPELLING LESSON
1. Lesson read orally.
2. Drill on certain sounds.
3. Drill on pronunciation of difficult words.
4. Words containing silent letters and equivalents representing ele.
mentary sounds, written on board, line drawn through silent
letters, and attention called to equivalents.
5. Words used in original sentences.
6. Words of similar meaning given.
7. W^ords of similar meaning used in sentences in place of original
words.
8. Words of opposite meaning given.
9. Lesson written.
10. Words spelled orally.
11. Lesson written from dictation.
Teachers can use their own judgment as to the number of these
steps a class is required to take.
Practice should be given under each rule until pupils can apc.y it
It was not found convenient to arrange all the exercises in an order
to be followed invariably. The Definitions, Sound Chart, and Exer-
nises m the Use of the Diacritical Marks, are introduced before Part
1., as the pupil will have frequent occasion to refer to them The
pnncipal list of Abbreviations, Foreign Words and Phrases, and other
exercises have been included in Part IV., but are to be taken up in
part or as a whole, at the discretion of the teacher.
(iRAFTON'S WOIiD AND SENTENCE BOOK
Definitions
Th© Towela are a, e. 1, o, u, and w and j when equivalent
to u and I respectively.
The consonants are b, c, d, f, gr, h, j, k, 1, m, n, p, q, r, s, t,
?, X, z, and w or y before a vowel sound in the same syllable.
A vowel is a letter which represents a full and uninter-
rupted sound of the human voice.
A consonant is a letter which represents a sound modified
by some interruption during its passage through the organs
of speech.
A diphthong is a union of two vowels in one syllable ; as,
vain, brow.
A triphthong is a union of three vowels in one syllable ;
as, adieu, eye.
Equivalents are 1 iters having the same sound ; as, ea and
©e in steal and steel.
Accent is a greater force of voice upon some particular
syllable of a word distinguishing it from the others.
Words are signs of ideas ; as, oranges, grow, delicious.
A syllable is a letter or combination of letters sounded at
a single effort of the voice ; as, ve-169'-i-pt"de.
A monosyllable is a word of one syllable ; as, I, do,
gun.
A dissyllable is a word of two syllables ; as, wag'on.
A trisyllable is a word of three syllables ; as, el'e phant.
A polysyllable is a word of four or more syllables ; as,
rhi noc'e ros, hip po pot'a mus.
A primitive word is one not formed from any other word
in the language ; as,. man, love.
A derivative word is one formed from some other word ;
as, un man,' lovely,
A simple word is one not composed of other words ; as,
knife, pen, road, horse, rail.
A compound word is one composed of two or more words ;
as, pen'knife, horse'-rail'road.
GliAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
Sound Chart
Vowels
a as in ale
a " add
a '
a
arm
all
A as in fare
a '' fast
e " eve
6 *' ebb
(i as in 6rr
i " ice
i " ill
o " ode
d as in 6dd
u
U
u
((
t<
it
use
V
us
6rn
a,*, t/i, A denote modified long) ja, e denote ob-
sounds in unaccented syllables. \ \ scure sounds.
Diphthongs
<5o as in moon
(jb
it
moon ) j oi or oy (unmarked), as in oil, oyster
look j ( OU '^ OW '^ " nnf. nwl
out, owl
b as in rib
d
f
g
h
<c
a
a
hid
life
get
hop
joy
CONSONANTS
k as in kite
pale
hum
fun
1
m
n
P
r
<i
pipe
run
s as in yes
t '' tent
" live
V
\v
y
z
we
ye
froze
ch
sh
th
as in nng
*^ rich
'' fish
" thin
thee
t(
wh(^^> " white
a = 6 as in what
th^re
they
police
girl
son
move
wolf
fdrm
e = a
e = a
i = e
i=S
0=:U
= 00
= (f0
6-a
(<
<<
a
a
a
Equivalents
u = (K) as in rule
U = 00
y = i
3^ = 1
y = 6
9 = s
€ = k
9h = sh
eh = k
put
style
myth
m^rh
9ent
eat
Qhaise
" i'horus
i(
iC
((
ii
a
g = 3 as m gem
laugh
phase
ink
gh = f ''
ph = f *'
n = ng "
§ = z "^
qu = kw -"^ queen
qu = k " pique
x = k8 *' box
? = g3 •• ejist
6 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
Exercises in the Use of the Diacritical Marb
Copy the table below and learn the marks and their names.
— The macron,
^ " breve,
tt
ft
two dots,
dot,
^ ** circumflex,
~ *' tilde,
bar.
t(
i " cedilla,
■^ " st(,spe?ided bar,
' " accent.
as in ale, Cve, ice, old, use, my
" a.xe, (5iid, Inn, odd, up,
myth
" fatlier, police, all, dg, r\}de
** ask, s6n, what, wolf, bull,
gem
** shdre, where, 6rder, ftrn
Ormine, virgin, mj^rrh
gift, eake, chord, thee,
sink, prey
(?ity, ghaise
" muge, e$ist, eenftte
" dishke', sail'or, im'i tate,
Bu per in tend'
a
tt
tt
(1) Write the word ; (3) pronounce it distinctly ; (3) name the silent
letters and cancel them ; (4) name the vowels not silent ; (5) give their
sounds ; (G) mark those requiring a mark to indicate their sounds.
finl^
lute
note
mete
glaze
fall
• •
talk
haul
tomb
brute
ill
Mrl
haif
tub
odd
add
met
sort
urge
share
where
palm
pique
laugh
po lice
donfei
what
•
fern
grass
worn an
thirst
dance
wal low
verge
worry
wan der
her mit
branch
full ness
myr tie
• '
H
my
lip,
♦ r
r .1
GKAFTON'S WOKD AND SKxVTENCK BOOK 7
(1) Write the word ; (2) pronounce it distinctly ; (3) name tlie silent
letters and cancel them ; (4) name the consonants not silent ; (5) give
their sounds; (G) mark those requiring u mark to indicate their sounds.
yed^
efdi
get
gem
acid
zinc
gift
gi ant
ci der
ech
ti ger
gen tie
mer cy
crown
be gin
en gine
ma chine
Click 00
gim let
gen der
hag
that
ink
e$ ist
was
thine
link
ex alt
prism
smooth
drink
ex ert
choose
with er
un cle
exhale
a muse
breathe
fin ger
ex am pie
Write the words, mark the accented syllables, silent letters, vowels
and consonants. Vowels having an obscure sound in unaccented
syllables may be left unmarked.
\^(llst
limbs
hymn
school
clos et
isl and
vict uals
walk inof
fore head
fright ful
po ta toes
J6h,u
thigh
CO coa
gyp sy
bo som
ex cept
dis ease
cur tain
isth mus
lie o rice
del i cate
ally'
a I'e a
cy cle
ro bust
palm er
rac coon
Sep a rate
nom i nee
beef steak /
an tip o des
knowl eds^e
Similar exercises should be continued until the pupils
iar with the use of the diacritical marks.
a^nt
ex act
re cess
tongue
greas y
des sert
ca price
di vi sor
her o ine
feni i nine
vac ci nate
become famil>
I
PART I
Copy :
^^Do your. best, your very best,
And do it every day,
Little l)oy and little drl •
That is the wisest way."
Copy :
Here are twenty words to spell.
Is your pencil sharp? Write
the lesson on a clean slate.
/ i:
I
your
tour
here
mere
sharp
•
harp
way
say
write
site
spell
dell
(jleau
slate
mean
state
ver y
girl
mer ry
; whirl
9
10
GEAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
3— a, hat
The bell rang at 9 o'clock
That is a hat for you.
My map is on the desk.
Where is Jack's cap?
rat
back
dank
fat
mat
sat
lack
rank
mas ter
man gle
happy
sam pie
dam ^^er
fast er
stran gle
sappy
tram pie
ham per
4 — a, long, ale
Copy the sentences and wordb. Mark the long sound of a.
What is the baby's name ? Mabel lias a canary in a cage.
Make hay while the sun shines.
chase
skate
blaze
place
mate
graze
Grace
face
a ble
ta ble
a wake
re make
i;
1
I
1
GliAFTOxX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
6— The Head
11
fore'head'
• jaws
tongue
brain
eye
veins
teeth
bones
nose
ten dons
cheek
flesh
mouth
chin
f mus cle
blood
eai*
hair
lips
skin
Keep thy tongue fro
Wealth cannot buy h
scene
e ven
6— e,
lotlff,
eve
cede
E va
re vere
the
Ne va
these
Tea was once a green leaf.
The stream rises in a steep hill.
The field is full of weeds.
Coprfc word:. „„d »„„tenees. Mark the lo„„ .ound „f <,.
• Generally pronounced fOrg(J.
12 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
Y 7— The Buttercups
Copy, learn, and recite.
" Whore do the buttercups get their gold ?
Each cup is as full as it can hold.
Do the stars, I wonder, drop down in the night.
And come up in the morning as blossoms bright .^''
8— The Sea-shore
V-
V
beach sea shore tide boat
watch summer bathe fort
gulls shov els Frauk pail
Copy, putting the right word in each bl nk.
sport
wa ter
happy
They take
to the . Then they make a sand
• '^he high will wash it away. It is great ■
to climb on the old . They like to the big waves
^^
It is
their -
Fanny and are at the
and
and see the
best fun to
■ dart down to tlie
in the surf. It is a
They think it the
time.
i
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 13
9 — i, long, ice
knife
life
shine
brine
quite
•
smite
slide
glide
prize
rise
time
lime
twice
trice
fight
bright
Copy the words. Mark the long sound of ^. Write five words end-
sound" ;;£ '^r^ "'^ ^'^■^^- ^^^^ ^- ^-^^ -^^^^ - ^^e, tL
10
hat
sprat
jack et
rack et
bow
stow
mit ten
kit ten
stock ing
mock ing
boots
roots
coat
moat
col lar
schol ar
cloak-
croak
rib bon
gib bon
>X'
John^s coat is made of wool.
Children J where are your boots ?
My hat has a dark blue bow.
14
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
11 — 6, long, ode
choke
home
ghost
loan
foal
\
poke
gnome
host
groan
goal
r
L
be low
cold
wrote
stone
blow
be stow
hold
smote
hone
flow
Twelve dozen make a gross. Who wrote this story?
Please post these notes.
Copy the words and sentences. Mark the long sound of o.
12— Capital Letters
Uuic— Every sentence begpins with a capital.
Dictation.— George, did you see the sun rise to-day?
The sky had a rosy glow in the east. The sun came up like
a ball of gold. The robins began to sing.
Copy
bird
broad
13
How pleasant the life of a bird must be.
Flitting about in each leafy tree !
In the leafy trees so broad and tall.
Like a green and beautiful palace hall.
— Mary Hotvitt.
L
pal ace
flit ting
leaf y
a bout
pleas ant
beau ti ful
j
peel
core
bark
juice
stem
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
14— The Apple
15
flow ei'
seeds
roots
pulp
rind .
sweet
sour
bit ter
red
green
har vest
w^in ter
rus set
pip pin
green ing
Copy :
The apj3le-tree is covered with pink and white flowers in
are outside. The core, seeds, juice, and pulp are within.
16— u, long, use ; u as in rule
glue
mute
dune
plume
tube
L
nie
flute
tune
flume
cube
pure
lure
cui'e
dure
blue
true
mule
rule
re sume
as sume
W'rite the words alphabetically, and mark the long .ound of „.
16
GUxVFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
16
"V
mane
tail
whip
cart
wheels
shaft
rems
An nie
, Ralph
sad die
pony-
Rob ert
How many children are in the cart ?
Who rides on the pony ?
Do they look happy ?
Where are they going ?
Copy tlie words. Copy tho questions, ; id answer each with a sentence.
■S
17 — Review — Long Sounds
Mary's dog is named Rover. W^hen she comes near he
wags his tail, leaps up, and capers round her. He will eat
cake and meat. He likes to play, and he will not bite. He
is useful, and Mary drives him in a cart,
Oopy, and mark the long sounds of a, e, i, o, and u.
^*»
Idle
b ert
itence.
GllAPTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
18— Proverbs
A rolling stone gathers no moss.
A soft answer turneth away wrath.
Haste makes ivaste. Look before yon hap.
A stitch in time saves nine. Better kte than never
A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches.
Copy. Make a list of word. i„ italics. Learn and recite proverbs.
17
19
lunch
bread
din ner
sup per
break fast
beef
sug ar *
ba con
but ter
oat meal
pork
game
poul try
sau sage
ven'i gon
pies
fruit
buns
pud ding
pre serves
r
Copy :
Bread is the staff of life.
The cow gives us butter and beef.
The flesh of the deer is called venison.
Each day we have breakfast, dinner, and supper
Lunch, or luncheon, is taken between regular meals.
We Have pudding, pies, preserves, and fruit for dessert.'
20
ir he
\\ eat
He
earn
blue
lamb
busy'
knee
]3iece
oven
guide
wrong
cough*
debt
lose'
weak
col our
rpnrl \r
J
Prouunclatlon.-! sho^og'er ; » d6z zgrt'
axe
- were
worse
many
a*-
; "blz'zy; ^kflf ; »ldbz.
18
s^nd
hash
back
latch
catch
drank
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
I
21— ft, short, ftdd
saddle
glad ly
stag ger
nar row
ham mock
hand some
gds
crab
plank
tramp
Htamp
scratch
rdt tie
trav el
wag on
scant y
ram ble
prac tice
I will thank you for a match.
The happy lass gathers flowers.
Crash went the arrow through the window !
Copy the words and sentences. Mark the short sound of
a.
22-
-The Clock
face
key
case
fiff ures
hour
glass
iron
min ute
hands
brass
di al
ham mer
wheel
weights
wood
pen du lum
Dictation.— The case of the clock is made of wood. Its
fa«e is called the dial. There are two hands to show the
time. The pendulum is made of brass. It swings back
and forth. The weights make the wheels turn.
"See the neat little clock, on the mantel it stands.
And points out the time with its two slender hands •
The one shows the minute, the other the hour.
As often IVe seen in the high church tower.
Go must I like the clock ; have my face clean and bright ;
My hands, when they are moving, must always do right/*
I
ORAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
23— g, short, dbb
19
Sdge
fence
hedge
temi^t
wedge
sm611
shel ter
red dish
rem e dy
wheth er
c6nt
deaf
dense
meant
health
n6xt
when
necks
sweat
depth
Ben meant to write welL
The wedge has a sharp edge.
A dense hedge is around the garden.
Edward spent twelve cents for a red penciL
Copy the words and sentences. Mark the short sound of «.
24— Capital Letters
««ie.-Kame8 of the days of the week begin with capitals.
Dictation -The days of the week are Sunday, Monday
Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and SatLay^ ^'
Ihe moon's day is Monday.
My sister and I play together on Saturday.
The first day of the week, Sunday, was named for the sun.
Copy
25
Sixty seconds make a minute.
How much work can I do in it ;-
Sixty minutes make an hour,
All the work that's in my power.
Four and twenty hours a day, . ,
Time for work and sleep and play.
To tHe TeacHer.-GWe an oral drill on the lessons given to vowel sounds.
aO GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCK BOOK
26—1, short, m
city
skip
still
quit
milk
miss
script
whist
prim
kissed
which
bring
width
bridge
kit ten
switch
, glimpse
fringe
Write the words alphabetically. Mark the short sound of *.
Stiff
knit
click
wink
cling
print
y
27 — In the School-room
ml er
Cray on
pict ure
teach er
schol ars
wall
class
shelf
seats
chart
black board chairs
satch el
tran som
reg is ter
pro gramme
pen wip er
pens
globe
pa per
shut ters
neat ness
writes on the
sit in their —
The-—
The^i-i-
A pretty . hangs on the .
The . on the belongs to Henry.
I have in my desk , , ^ ^nd
waste bas ket at ten tion
— witli a -.
\
The teacher praises ns for —
Throw scraps of in the
^ is made of cloth, and
and .
— , not on the floor.
— are made of steel.
Copy words. Copy sentences, putting the right word in each blank.
To theTearher.-ExpUm each lesson when it is assigned. In Lesson
Lc'umls'ir^oeV""^^^ "" ""^'^ ''''^^''y- CairattentJont h^
b^rd for thl "^ ^^~'^ '"' ''"'''' «q"i^^^«"t«' etc.-using the black-
board for this purpose. Let them read the sentence^. HiiinrTfK. blank.
With the proper worUs. ' " — ^^^^^
i
stiff
knit
click
wink
cling
[)rint
J
era
ess
tion
lank.
esson
o the
)lack-
GKAFTON'S \V(nU) AND SENTENCE BOOK
28—^, s^hort, ddd
21
/
c6fiin
for est
bot tie
gloss y
bon net
con cert
8h6p
knob
notch
lodge
dodge
knock
m6ck
rock et
pop py
ti'ot ted
hoi low
pock et
fttnd
bod y
con vey
of fence
be yond
con verse'
Knock, knock ! Who's there ?
Turn the knob and walk in.
Will you take off your bonnet ?
Cotton grows in hot countries.
Copy the words and sentences. Mark the short sound of o.
29 — Geography
Dictation.— We live on a big ball. It is called the earth.
It moves through space. Part of the surface is land and
part water. The sun gives ns light by day. The moon and
stars shine at night.
Copy:
80
Great, wide, beautiful, wonderful world.
With the wonderful water round you curled.
And the wonderful grass upon your breast, —
World, you are beautifully dressed.— Z?row«e.
live
earth
great
dressed
ball
night
round
sur face
light
woi'ld
called
beau ti ful
gives
moves
breast
won u.er xui
space
through
curled
beau ti ful ]•
82 GIJAFTON'8 WORD AND SENTENCE BOUh.
31 — a, short, tls
ciiist
jtiiiip
jlist
htit
"giy
brush
dust
luck
drum
struck
buzz
mush
(iamb
crutcli
snug
shrub
bunch
rub ber
crumb
pump
Copy the word.s, and murk the short sound of u Write the words
Of four letters in h cohm.n. Write the words of five letters in a column.
32
On your way to scliool you may see
roads
streets
gar dens
chil dren
men
stores
hous es
church es
gates
parks
hors es
sta bles
Write the words in a column, and by the side of each
for one object of the kind.
wom en
av e nues
lamp-posts
car riag es
write the word
ale
stun
stand
re fuse
rhom as
33 — Review of Sounds
tray
seud
tank
three
those
cuff
then
sank
frost
sheep
Mark the lon£ and the short sounds of a, e, i, o,
stop
shed
snow
string
stump
u.
wh?f ?.' ^*'7'^^;-"^^« the pupils fit.«^. .r.>ly, In complete senteneeB,
what they actually saw on their way to scboc i L'nll the pupUs on giving
tue long and the short sounds of the vowei'i.
I
GRAFTON'8 WOUD AND SENTENCE BOOK
84 — Qnestion-mark
Rule. A question mark ih follows a question.
Ar thur, a pron, pock et, sletives, baru yard, hay-
stack, ham mer, diiv er, cask, hoop, bar rel, emp ty.
Write five questions about tiie picture, using a word from tiie list
each.
lU
86
Copy, learn, and recite :
" Among my tender \ incs I spy
A little fox, named By-and-hy.
Then set upon him quick, I say.
The swift young hunter. Right-away,'
£4
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
36— The Tree
BlcJallon.— Ill the orchard stands a tree. Rnin and
mmlune have nude it grow tall and green. Its roots go
deep down into the (/round to find>o^/. This food is called
the mp of the tree. The sap flows through the irunk, the
bra,ic/ies, and every leaf. Every spring duds apiioar. The
buds open to blussoms. The blossoms fall to the ground
and leave the frmi to grow and ripen. >
Study the words in italics for an oral spoiling lesson.
piue
larch
Lol ly
cedai*
spruce
cy press
asb
elm
oak
beecli
ol ive
pop lar
87— Trees
alder
lua pie
eb o ny
wil low
. hick o ry
chest nut
birch
lo cust
lin den
wal mit
rose ^vood
pal met'to
Those in the first cohunn are called evergreens. Whv ?
Which tree gives us sirup ? oil ? nuts ? pitch ? gum ? black wood ?
red wood ? tar ? cones ? acorns ? pods ? catkins V berries V
Copy :
38
What plant we in this apple-tree P
Buds which the breath of summer days
Shall lengthen into leafy sprays ;
Boughs where the thrush, with crimson broast,
Shall haunt and sing and hido her nest ;
Fruitb that shall swell in sunny June,
And redden in the August noon.
And drop, when gentle airs come by.
That fan the blue September ^ky,— Bryant,
i
r
aUAFTON'S WORD AND 8Ex\TENCK BOOK
•a, Italian, arm— 39— a, droad, ftU
26
scar
start
calm
smart
\
lard
dart
snarl
large
spark
talk
• •
stalk
chalk
waltz
d^vart'
bald
claw
yawn
drawl
swarm
Well begun is half done.
A dwarf on a giant^s shoulderB sees farther of tlio two.
Ciialk IS a soft kind of limestone.
Copy words and sentences. M,,.], Italian and broad sounds of «.
40— Capital Letters
iJule.-Names of months begin with a capital.
Jan u a vy May
Feb ru a ry . J^j^e
Marcli ju i^
April
All gust
Sep tern ber
Oc to ber
No vem ber
De cem ber
Thanksgiving day comes in November
Christmas is the twenty-fifth day of December
(liwen \ u-tona was born in :\[.iv, 1819.
Our longest day is in the month of Jiine.
41
Uopy and learn :
Thirty days hath September,
April, June, and November ;
February, twenty-eight alone ;
All the rest have thirty-one ;
ilxcept in leap-year, then's the timo
VVhea February has twenty-nine.
26
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
42— Relatives
k
papft
son
aunt
wife
fa ther
sis ter
Diece
kin dred
moth er
broth er
un cle
hus band
par ents
chil dreu
cous in
grand fa ther
mam ma'
daugh ter
neph ew
grand daugh ter
43 — Geography
Dictation. — There is three times as much water as land
on the surface of the earth. The largest bodies of water
are called oceans. There are five oceans. They are named
Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Antarctic, and Indian. The water
of the ocean is salt.
sea
pond
lake
pool
bay
riv er
creek
canal
gulf
brook
rap ids
glag'i er
strait
sound
riv u let
cas cade'
cean
chan nel
cat a ract
fount ain
Copy:
44
111 habits gather by unseen degrees.
As brooks make rivers, rivers run to seas.
pony
medal
cor ner
med die
mus tard
par ing
mor tar
pea nuts
char coal
floun der
hoe ing
peel ing
tor ment
scrib ble
pres ence
-Dryden,
dingy
hat ter
stick y
crip pie
grate f ul
To the Teacfter.— See that the pupils pronounce Arctic correctly : ark'tic,
not ar tic ; aut ark'tic, not ant ar'tic.
L-
It
'M
ORAFTON'P WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
45 — Proverbs
27
Speech is silver, silence is gold.— German Proverb.
An unlucky word, once escaped from us, cannot be brought
back with a coacli and six.—Chinese Proverb.
Wlien angry, count ten before you speak ; if very anffrv
a hundred.— :Z7i07/ias Jefferson.
46
Write a story about the picture,
lesson :
L
Edith
lives
aunt
fii'st
visit
conn try
chick ens
using the words from the following
47
feed shoo
grain
they
eat
away
hens
roost er
28 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
48— Birds
gull
ra ven
lark
owl
swaa
par rot
her on
crow
wren
ostrich
o'ri ole
dove
quail
-pig eon
blue jay
crane
stork
pea cock
vult'ure
eagle
cuck'oo
hawk
swal'low
bob link
grouse
par tridge
. nightingale
•
spar' row
Which of these bir,l» have you seen? Which are named (mm the
WMch^^^tZr *"''''- "^o -' si.^-^ Which ea„ .wi.1
49— What Birds do and have
coo
caw
chirp
cheep
car ol
hov'er
war ble
twit ter
whis tie
mi grate
soar
whir
poise
perch
pin ion
beak
tal on
wings
feath ers
plu'mage
Make ten sentences, using in each the proper form of a word from
Lesson 48 and one from Lesson 49. Ex, : The crow caws.
60
Copy, learn, and recitfi ;
f<
Around each tender vine I plant
I find the little fox / can't.
Then fast as ever hunter ran.
Chase him with bold and brave / can.'*
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCFil BOOK
29
61
lean
lame
lamp
metal
mer ry
mid die
Copy, learn, and recite :
on ly
ripe
soul
noise
or der
rust
of ten
Rov er
south
my self
rum pie
sor ry
mis take
quar rel
seven
uaugh'ty
pres ent
shad'ow
" No me in trying, lags and whines
This fox among my tender vines ;
Then drive him low and drive him high.
With this good hunter, named I'll try,"
52
taste
thief
wake
year
wool
teach
thirst
un til
stood
un less
waste
worth
sprang
try ing
whale
wreck
sto ries
tum We
up set
whose
spo ken
thought
up per
young
Copy, learn, and recite :
" A little fox iR hidden there,
Among my vines, named / don't care.
Then let I'm 5orr?/— hunter true-
Chase him afar from vines and you."
2-6 c«e reac/i^r.-Explain the meaning of the vine, 2.nd foxes, and let the
pupils tell the story iu their own language.
80 GBAPTON'S WOBD AND SENTENCE BOOK
53— Capital letters
««(..-A proper name begin, with a capital.
Names of persons are called proper names.
f-f^ Paul Lucy Elk
^oha Henry Maud Elsie
Roger Isabel Edith Philip
Thomas Arthur Eob ert Walter
giHsTnfflvro'jro.r^- "■'"' '- ^■""- '"-"- -^ -'- — o.
Copy:
From my study, I see in the lamplight.
Descending the broad hall stair.
Grave Alice and laughing Allegra
And Edith with golden hair.-Lonff/ellow.
54~The Sponge
DIctation.^Take your sponge in your hand Tf
once a living animal. It was fastened to a rotk a Z
botto of the sea. Then it looked like a Uge pie L o
beef hver. You are holding the skeleton of the sponge
liold
holds
held
hold ing
clam
cor al ^
sponge
oys ter
fast en
fast ens
fast ened
fast en ing
bones
fi bres
an i mal
skel e ton
Copy :
Beep in the wave is a coral ^rove,
Where the purple mullet and gold fish rove.~P.mm/.
into Deads uud other ornaments. ~ ^ariv^uo colours, and is nmdn
J
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
31
was
55— The Sponge
Dlctatlon.—The sponge is first a small yellow egg.
moves about
ered it. Then it was washed and dried in the sun.
It
in
the water. Soon
it fastens itself to
a hard surfrice.
Its food is the
minute animals
found in the wa-
ter. The small
holes on the side
of the sponge are
mouths. Little
tubes lead from
the mouths
through the
sponge.
Name ten objects
seen in the picture.
Write a story about
getting sponges.
56
Bictatlon. —
Divers go to the
bed of the sea to
tear the sponge
from the rocks.
It is very difficult
work. Before the
sponge could be
usedbyyou,ithad
to lose the dark
red jelly that gov-
82
GRAFTOxWS WORD AND SRNTRNCE BOOK
67— The House
floor closet c6J lar attic
porch garret hearth entry
par l< )iii- fire place man tel j^an try
kitch en chiin ney fur nace li bra ry
Tuu-s er y cup Ix^ard ' door step stair case
Copy the words. Write a list of tho parts within the house. Write
a iist of the parts without the house.
Be it ever so humble, there^s no place like home.
TT . . — '^ohn Howard Payne.
Mo 18 happiest who finds pence in his \\omQ,-.Ooethe,
cape
island^
con ci nent
pen iu'sii la
58 — Land
isth mus
head land
moun tain
prom'on to ry
prai'rie
pla teau'
vol ca no
ta'ble-land
plain
6'a sis
val ley
des ert
North America is a .
An is a small body of land surrounded bv water.
A high cape is called a .
are higher than hills.
A high i)lain is called a .
A is almost surrounded by water.
Capes and promontories are sometimes called ,
The interior of Mexico is a . or
The Indian once roamed at will over our vast .
The of Panama is the link joining North and South
America.
Fill in tho sentences with words from the list. Use the form of a
word meanmg more than one where the sense requires it.
Prouiiui-iatioii. ^1 Kub bi^T^ThnKr
I!
v-^RAPTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE
Kitchen — 69 — Dining-room
BOOK
88
tongs
basin
poker
shov el
dip per
buck et
coal-hod
grid i ron
sieve
stove
broom
ket tie
scut tie
dust pan
skim mer
sauce pan
urn
chi na
plates
sau cer
gob let
tea cup
tu reen'
plat ter
Tell the use of five objects in the first cohimn. Tell
nal five objects in the fourth column are made.
fork
spoon
table
cru et
cast ers
nap kin
turn bier
side board
of what mate-
Bed-room— 60— Parlour
soap
bowl
tow el
bol ster
pitch Br
scis sors
nee dies
thim ble
sheet
lounge
pil'low
bu reau
blank'et
mat tress
bed stead
cov er let
/
vase
car pet
mir ror
cur tain
has sock
book case
arm chair
ot'to man
sofa
stool
scarf
music
pi a'no
por'trait
cab i net
cush ions
SpWfi ^'' T^' ?^ P"^ ^^'"^ ^"*^ ^^'^^^^^^^ ending with a perio<l
Select five words and put them into sentences ending with a qu^sTon
^'T.tr^ ' or 1,6 provinces as large as Kova Scotia,
or 1,735 provinces as large as Prince Edward Island.
L-
84 GHAFTONS WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
61--Capital Letten
' Kames of places are called proper names.
Lon don
Chi ca go
Bal ti more
U nit ed States
Rome
Par is
Eng land
Scot land
Eu rope
Ger ma ny
A mer i ca
Wash ing ton
Copy, learn, and recite :
Suppose your task, my little man.
Is very hard to get ;
Will it make it any easier
For you to sit and fret ?
And wouldn*t it bo wiser,
Than waiting like a dunne.
To go to work in earnest
And learn the thing at once ^—Phmle Cary,
62— King Frederick and the little Girl
King Frederick, of Prussia, once visited a country school
to see how well the children knew their lessons. Taking up
an orange, he said: "To what kingdom does this belong ?'•
" To the vegetable kingdom, sire,'' said a little girl. " And
to what kingdom does this belong ?'' said he, holding up a
golden coin. "To the mineral kingdom," she replied.
"And to what kingdom do I belong, my child ?" asked the
king. The little girl did not think it could be right to say
the animal kingdom, so, looking up, -she said, " To the
kingdom of heaven.''
TO the Teacher.-E&ye the story read aloud. Write these topics on the
board : The king ; the school ; the little girl ; the first question ; the an-
swer; the second question; the answer; the third question; the answer.
Let tne pupils tell the story, orally, following the topics j and then write it.
,
GRAFTO.VS WORD AND SENTENOR BOOK
^ 63— Floweri
tu lips lark spurs pan sies
asters lilies sweet-peas
li lacs dai sies hy a cinths
clo vers mdr'i golds dan de li ens
86
aim flow ers
liol \y bocks
vi o lets
ge ra ni urns
Write the word for one of each flower. Write the name« of five to
make a bouquet. Which have a sweet smell ?
Copy, learn, and recite ;
Gather ye rose-buds while ye may.
Old Time is still a-flying j
And this same flower, that smiles to-day.
To-morrow may be dying.— fferricL
kale
beet
bean
cress
gar lie
turnip
rhu'barb
pars nip
cab bage
mush'roDm
64— Vegetables
car rot
let tuce '
pump kin
spin ach ^
to ma to
cu cum ber
as par a gus
cau li flow er
egg plant
rad ish
ion w T'~"7^' P'*'*" ^^' ^^^^^ fi^«^ i^ South Amer-
ica We eat a stem that has grown under the ground The
potato used the stem as a storehouse for its food. Lt t
the grams, it is the most useful plant for the food of man
65
sure
quite
reach
speech
talk a tive
re la tion
mil'i ta ry
in ter rupt'
groan
kite
strength
though
shiv er
whisk ers
gal Ion
sal low
Pronunciation.-. LSt'tl^T^^pi^^STalB^^p^i;;^^^
86
(JliAF'I'oN'S WOUn AND SENTENC^E HOOK
66— Fruits
fig
peacli
clier vy
ci-an her ly
pnine
gra[)e
cit ron
blue ber ry
(late
cur rant
dani'f;}on
straw ber ry
plum
lemon
pine ap pie
rasp' ber ry
quince
inel on
a'pri cot
goo^e'ber ry
pear
rai .^in
La nil'na
liuck le ber ry
Write the form for more than one of each. Which liavc you seeu
growii)"' Which have you seen in a store? Which have you euteu?
Which contain a stone? Wliich grow in warm countries?
67 — lu the Country
i
farm house
ditch
sheep
swing
1 j
1 vines
knoll
lambs
in sects
1
gar den
ar bour
cat tie
or chard
j flow ers
hay loft
fields
ber ries
'
barn
mead '6 w
wheat
but ter flies
Write a story of a day spent in the country, using these words.
Dictation : ^
The barn, the trees, the brook, the birds.
The meadows with the lowing herds.
The woodbine on the cottage wall —
My heart still lingers with them all. ^-.^
— <-' ^i Read.
ei ther gi'^^^iR ^C ■'• ^^
flour harm ^ ' i die
for gftt' hatch joint
for tv in to la
cried
curb
dear
does
dwell
ty
go ing
him self
ID
deed
Copy :
OKAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTKNCR BOOK
68 — Proverbf
87
A place for everything, unci everything in its place.
lie that iH good at making excuses is seldom good for any-
thing else.
beech
sieve
those
wren
strait
pear
sleeve
fruit
birch
robin
pig eon
wal nut
pop lar
for est
gob let
mat tress
cru et
Hen ry
Early to bed, and early to rise,
Makes men healthy, wealthy, and wise.
—Benjamin Franklin.
69 — Review
squash
fields
knife
through
tongs
peach
pen cil
tongue
Wednes day
>^
sen tence
car j'iage
l)ic ture
ea gle
Ar thur
on ion
ba sin
re fu§e'
mi grate
Edith
lily
dai ey
bu re3U
tu reen
Eu rope
pony
OS trich
mo ment
70 — Beview
let tuce
rai sin
cur rant
for ward
ber ries
rhu barb
spin ach
Eng land
chis el
u
meant
wrote
please
ev ery
qui et
ache
Christ mas
pi] low
mead ow
scis sors
pump kin
thim ble
pitch er
ba na na
a pri cot
beau ti ful
Feb ru a ry
po ta toes
j=:-. --3W.., — - -
ml
iJ8 GRAFTON'S WOliD AND SENTENCE BOOK
71 — Geography
Dictation — Torrid means hot. The Torrid Zone is the
hottest part of the earth. It is always summer there. The
rain falls almost every day for six months. The rest of the
year the ground is parched.
palms
cof fee
cot ton
sa'go
spi ces
li on
j% ii ar'
ca ca'o
cam phor
in di go gi rMe'
In di a-rub ber * cam el
m6n.'key
sug ar-cane
Sl'e pMnt
ser pent
go ril la
croc o dile
leop ard
file
adze
rake
spade
plane
gouge
square
lathe
wrencli
shears
72— Tools
le ver
au ger
gim let
mal let
pinch ers
chis el
lev el
trow el
hatch et
cork screw
Write the words meaning more than one of each. Which tools
are used b;- the carpenter ? the mason ? the blacksmith ? the gar-
dener ? °
Copy :
Pins are made i brass wire and coated with tin. Ten
persons are employed in the manufacture of a single pin.^'
A man is a great bundle of tools. He is born into this
hfe without the knowledge of how to use them. Education
18 the process of learning their use, and dangers and troubles
are the whetstones with which to keep them sharp.— F. W.
Beecher.
Pronunciation.—) lu'dl a-rQb'bgr.
I
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
39
I
73 — Opposites
right
find
strong
gay
rare
ac cept
in door
cease
obey
wrong
lose
weak
sad
com mon
de cline
out door
con tin ue
dis o bey
dry
near
sweet
quick ly
alike
a'ged
apart
prop er
some where
moist
dis tant
sour
slow ly
un like
youth f ul
to geth er
im prop er
no where
74 — Sugar-cane
Dictation.— Sugar-cane is a kind of grass. It grows
twice as high as a tall man. The stem is Jointed. The
leaves are long and look like ribbons. It grows in warm
countries. When the canes are ripe, they are cut and taken
to the mill to be pressed. The Juice is boiled and then
slowly cooled. The sugar is a soft mass in the middle, with
molasses all around it. It has to be made white for our use
This is called refining it.
loaf
refine
joints
leaves
liq uid
hogs head
mo las'ses
boiled
sev er al
plan ta tion
Lou i si a'na
West In 'dies ^
juice
cane
mill
scum
Copy:
The systematic study of the mother tongue, like that of
all branches of knowledge which we acquire without study
18 naturally very generally neglected.
— Marsh,
Pronunciation,-! wgst In'dlz.
£^c-.:
■ ■.rssr- -■■-..,::-. j:l:j^-
40 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
76— Food
toast
tarts
veal
bis cuit ^
sal ad
mut ton
gru el
crack er
cooky
waf fle 2
hon ey
c^tch'up
broth
sir loin
5m'e let
muffin
por ridge
chow der
76
dump ling
sand wich
dough nut
sauer' kraut ^
cus tard
suc'co tash
Beautiful eyes are those that show.
Like crystal panes where hearth-fires glow.
Beautiful thoughts that burn below.
Beautiful hands are those that do
Work that is earnest, brave, and true.
Moment by moment, the long day through.-^ Allen,
Learn, and write from memory.
know
bruise
sneeze
rinse
can dy
va pour
bal loon
no tice
e lev en
e nough
77
er rand
nei ther
thir'teen
be cause
fMr'y
ques tion
scare crow
of ^ cer
an oth er
neQ es sa ry
Write in columns v ords of one syllable, two syllables, three syllables
and four syllables. '
Dictatior .- -The sum of eight and five is thirteen. Did
you place a question-mark after the question ? Cinderella
is a fairy story.
Pronunciation.— 1 biB'kIt ; "wOf'f'l; »80ur'krout
nee
sage
mace
yeast
cloves
GRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 41
78— Used in Cooking
soda
gin ger
pars ley
pep per
nut meg
all spice
ggr a tine
choc o late
sal e ra'tiis
buckVheat
va nil la
vin e gar
hom i ny
tap i o'ca
cin na mon
e 79
Dictation :
Mace is a covering of the nutmeg-.
Pepper and allspice are berries.
The inner bark of a laurel tree furnishes cinnamon,
(dinger is the root of a plant found on the island of
Jamaica.
i^'Z^Z^: '™' ''«^'^^-'""»-* ^ *-^ t"'"' grows in
Sun day
Mon day
Tues ^ay
80 — Abbreviations
®u*i- Wednes day
Mon. Thurs day
Tues. Fri day
Sp,t ur day Sat.
Wed.
Thurs.
Fri.
weer.^hellr"* ^I''Vl' abbreviation for the first day of the
week , the last ; second ; fifth ; third ; sixth ; fourtii.
Holidays
Ash Wednesday Dominiu,, Dav
(iood Friday q^i,..„i, • • "^t^
Easter ^ i mnk«g,vi„g Day
L'hristnjas
Write why eacli of these days is celebrated.
42
(JI{AI<"r()NS WORD AND RRNTEN(M^3 IU)()K
Copy;
81— Letter
i M!:^'^'ii-^€>/&^U^^:4 /jy/f-
>«^^?»'
-#
'€if CJC^/i^^
.^4^i^i!^/^dUyt^'^^€:?!^^
y^Y^i^^
',^ui:Zii^y-i^?^^/z^y.^^Z(;^::^^
.^f!^u^^, <Ur^^r^^/^y^^u^.^^^^^i^^.^:4^^y^irt
{^^u4y.^&ii^ui^.
82— Parts of the Body
fist, elbow, heel, skin, nerves, thumb, artery,
sole, ixire. luncrs, wrist, limbs, brain. Icnnplc lf»,
chest, heart, thigh, throat, stom ach, uos trils.
OKAKTONS WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK 48
83 — Occupations
tai lor
bak ei'
doc tor
Jaw yer
cob bier
flo j'ist
join er
gro cer
bank er
nier cliant
farm er
vveav er
build er
butcih or
dvnijr (i-ist
mil li ner
min is ter
gar den er
(!ar pen ter
bliick smith
Select and write ten wonLs aud whui v,u:h p.rson does.
84 — Temperate Zone
three
world
eaeli
Zone
K])rin.(»'
mod erate winter
im \)ov tant sea sons
fe sum mer Tem per ate au tumn
To^niH^ruto r.iou.i. . Tlioro uro two Zc>no«. Tlio
Nortl, lonipeml. Zone is tlio luoBt purt of tl.o
1 lioro are fotu- in the Tornperntc . They uro ',
, and . Tlierc uro inoiitliB iu eucli soa-
son.
Copy, aud fill in the blanks with words from the list.
85
i'
goat
otter
•*
deer
pan ther
■T
wolf
squir rel
moose
buf fa lo
rab bit
an te lope
oats
corn
maize
bar ley
?e're al
flax
hemp
to bac CO
tim o thy
mul ber ry
The silk worm feecln upon tlio loaves of tlie mulberry,
torn, wheat, rye, oats, and barley are called cereals.
44 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
86— Outdoor Sports
fish ing
rid ing
driv ing
skat ing
sail ing
ten nis
play ing
mar bles
row ing
leap ing
bowl ing
coast ing
boat ing
cro quet ^
Jump ing
base ball
bath ing
nut ting
swing ing
sleigh in^ ^
Write answers : Which sports do we have in summer ? lu winte:
In spring V In autumn ?
r!
L
87 — Words of Similar Meaning
arch
curve
hank
skein *
bluff
cliff
neat
tidy
bench
blithe
fleet
set tee'
joy OU8
nim ble
quaint
queer
twain
strange
droll
coup le
gruff
glum
tenth
tithe
gang
crew
van
front
giv er
do nor
wont
hab it
prison
dun geou '
peo pie
per soni
88-
-Proverbs
Whatever is worth doing at all, is worth doing well.—
Chesterfield,
If a task is once begim,
Never leave it till it's done.
Wg can do more good by being good than in any other
way.
L,
Pronunciation.—' Kr6 ka' ; ^ alft'Ing ; » dQn'jlln ; * ekfin.
!
L,
i
I
ORAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
90— Arithmetic
45
89 — Geography
source po lar
ax is cli mate
or bit sav age
cir cle e qua tor
motion hori'zon
Jai ly ze nith
yearly parallel
add
plus
sum
sub tract
min u end
sub tra hend
re main der
tropic bemi sphere multiply aiitum«
pole ge og ra pLy mul ti pli cand prob lem
mill ti pli er
pr5d 'uct
di vide
div i dend
di vi sor
quo tient
proof
a ritb me tic
91 — Abbreviations
JRuie.—A period follows an abbreviation.
Mis ter Mr. ^-^
Mis tress * Mrs.
Doc toi' Dr.
Charles Chas.
George
Geo.
bar rel
bbl
quart ^
qt.
yard ^
yd.
pound
lb.
bush el
bu.
Mister and Mistress GeorgG Brown bought ten yards of
carpet.
Doctor Charles Smith has one barrel of ilour.
I picked three bushels of cranberries in September
The boy bought one quart of milk and one pound of
beetsteak at the store.
Copy the lesson, using abbreviations and figures in place of words.
1 Mistress was a title formerly given to a woman havins. powor ,„fhorit" or ^nne
»The aSblTn • , """""^ ""^ P""""« '^« abbreviation is commonly uLd
The abbreviation of quarts is gts. ,• of yards, yds.
46
(JUAFTON'S WORD AND SRNTENCF HOOK
98
II
toil
beap
quoth
sell
moat
jest
ruge
seize
dirt
joke
so heme
scowl
frown
sti'ay
la bour
trick
tilth
pile
scrub
trench
gapo
})awn
scour
yawn
gov em
pledge
(li rect
wan der
Write in
parallel
columns wo
nls of similar meaning.
93 — Christmas Dinner
soup
tur
key
on ions
ice-cream
rolls
squash
sauce
cake
pick les
po
ta toes
mince-pie
fruit
eel er y
gra
vy
plum-pud ding
con' serve
Copy :
At Ohrjstmas play, and make good cheer.
For Christmas comes but once a year. — Tusser,
94— Mabel Knight's Party
1>irf afioii. — TTow many do you think were invited ?
Eiglit girls and seven boys. There were only two whose
names I knew. Mrs. Knight thought tlie boys made too
much noise sometimes. She liked to have them merry,
fjaura Fay sang some pretty songs. Ralph Howard made
every one laugh by trying to whistle a tune. It snowed
when we went home. No one had an umbrella, but all had
warm coats and thick shoes.
TotheTearhttr.—Miex dictating a lesson, have the pupils open their
books and correct their own work, or exchange slates and correct one
another's work.
i
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 47
9t.— Letter
Bead over Lesson 81.
MONTUKAL, V. Q.,
My DEAR Elinor: M'/^'-HO, mi.
. Ijas^^ery J^i^^li^yonr letter. Mamma and I are
m the -^i^. They are on nide. In the morning, I
play or with three friends.
There are things I can do in the afternoon. I can
drive with mamma on a road that leads through the . It
IB — and the are singing in the branches over our
heads. We can climb the mountain and pick . We can
go to the and for trout ; but we never catch any.
I have five pounds. I would to make some
purchases of you and Julia.
Your
Bute.
sev er al
ber lies
ev ery
mount ains
friend like sha dy
glad brook cro quet
birds woods ten nis
fish receive gained
Write the letter, putting the right word from the list in each blank.
Copy :
Here's daisies for the mom, primroses for gloom,
Pansies and roses for the noontide hours ;
A wight once made a dial of their bloom,—'
So may thy life be measured out by flowers.
— Hood.
T^nnmons,-Gloom, twilight ; mghf, a person ; dial, an m-
strument for showing the time of day. — .
!^ !I^^ in abed in the order of their hours for bloomiiiff bo that th«»
would thttfl ten the time of day and become a floral clock. ^^' "** ^^^^ ^^^
48 (iliAFTOX'S WORD AND .SExVTENCE BOOK
t !
96 SUentl
97— Silent b
bslk
al mond '
tomb dumb Iv
calk
sdlm on ^
jamb plumb er
balm
be calm
plumb numb ness
alms
em balm
doubt climber
salve
balm y
debt or comb in^
hiilves
psaliu
crumbed doubt ful
Copy, and draw a line throngh each silent I and silent 6.
98— Frigid Zone
Dictation — Frigid means frozen. The Frigid Zones are
the coldest parts of the earth. The sun shines there a part
of the year. Winter is the only season. They are the small-
est and least known of the zones. It is thought that not a
single human being lives in the South Frigid Zone.
99
seal
er'mine
floe
moss es
whale
rein 'deer
Lapp
li'chens *
sable
po lar bear
au ro'ra
red snow
wal'rus
•
ei'der-duck
snow-hut
•
ice bergs
Dictation.— The chief wealth of the Laplander is his
reindeer. A rich man has more than a thousand. The
reindeer, when alive, takes the place of the cow and the
horse. When dead, its fur is used for clothing, its horns for
spoons and cups, its sinews for bow strings and thread,
while its flesh and tongue serve for food.
To the Teacher.— A dictation lesson may be given in several ways : with-
out previous study by the pupil ; after the pupil has locked at the lesson a
short time ; or after the lesson has been written. Variety is the spice of
Bchool life.
Pronunciation.—^ ii'mund ; ^ sam'Qn; s ll'kgns or JIch'g»iB.
OIIAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK
100— Song of the Gra^s Blades
40
ti
Peeping, peeping, here and there.
In lawn and meadows everywhere
Coming up to find the spring,
And hear the robin redbreast sing ;
Creeping under children's feet,
Glancing at the violets sweet,
Growing into tiny bowers.
For the dainty meadow flowers ; —
We are small, but think a minute
Of a world with no grass in it I **
Copy, learn, and recite.
101
We should be -
good
cor dial
help ful
civil
frank
sin cere
thought ful
bli'ging
prompt
lov ing
ge ni al
gen er ous
hon est
truth f ul
stu di ous
o be di ent
no ble
care f ul
pa tient
tem per ate
po lite
hope ful
colirt e otis
in dus tri ous
102
We should not be —
mean
stin gj
rude
im
po lite
curt
cru el
surly
dis hon est
proud
self ish
care less
cow ard ly
lazy
un kind
haugh ty
quai' rel some
sulky
fret ful
de ceit ful
di§
hon 'our a ble
saucy
sul len
tat tling
dis
o be di ent
To the Teacher,— M6. the pupils in giving orally the meaning of the
words in Lessons 101 anct 103 : also let them make complete, short sen
tenc«B, using the words both orally and in writing.
60 ORAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK
103— Abbreviation!
Jan u a ry Jan.
Feb ru a ry Feb.
March Mar.
A pril Apr.
May May
June June
A
Ju ly July
August Aug.
Sep tern ber Sept.
Oc to ber Oct.
No vem ber Nov.
Be cem ber Dec.
The spring montliH are Mar., Apr., and May.
The summer months are June, July, and Aug.
Sept., Oct., and Nov. are autumn mouths.
Dec., Jan., and Feb. are winter months.
Chill Dec. brings the sleet, blazing fire, and Xmas treat.
Copy the sentences, writing full words for the abbreviations.
104— Winds 106— Boats
gale
gust
breeze
squall
zeph yr
tern pest
^y'clone
si nioom' •
ty pho5n'
tor na'do
whirl wind
hur ri cane
barge
yawl
sloop
yacht ^
do'ry
g6n'do la
ca noe
• •
cut ter
schoon er
ves sel
frig ate
steam er
Copy :
/- > phyr is a gentle breeze,
.'•^.^iane make canoes from birch-bark.
By an old law, gondolas in Venice are painted black.
The hot, ary wind that blows in Arabia is called a si-
moom.
To the Teacher,— Interest the pupils in Lessons 104 and 105 by a conver-
sation about the diflferent winds and bouts. Talk wUh pupils rather than
to them.
' I'roiioniice yot.
L
aRAFT()X'S WORD AND SEJfTENCK BOOK M
106— Letter
-, 189-
Baturday — holiday — mother — spend — picnic — pond
— - lunch — basiiot — swing — grove — berries — - tisli —
please — disappoint ^.
Write the letter as if it had been written to you by a friend. Use
the words in the order giveu, and begin the first word of every sen-
tence with a capital.
107-
—Vehicles
108-
-Silent t
gig
ecu pe'
bus tie
nes tie
chaise
se ddn'
bris tie
soft en
sled
car i ( )le
chris ten
has ten
sleigh
cm rii bus
gris tie
rus tie
sledge
char i ot
glis ten
this tie
hack
i buggy
l^ha'e ton
jos tie
wres tie
am bu lance
hus tie
lis ten
Copy the words. Mark out the silnut letters in Lesson 108.
109— Proverbs— The Bible
A wise son maketh a glad father.
A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance.
A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches.
He that ruleth his spirit is better than he that taketh a
city.
rt ...e_«afi/isr.— Prnvorbs and maxims should be committed to memory
Explain the meaning as far as you can ; time will do it more fully.
GRAFTON'S WOliD AND Sl^lNTENCE BOOK
purr
hum
low
grunt
squeal
yelp
howl
quack
growl
mew
110 — Animal Sounds
bleat
cl lick
neigh ^
croak
go!) ble
snort
cack le
whin ny
bel low
chir'rup
squeak
roar
scream
buzz
screech
Write the name of an animal, and the sound il makes, using the
proper fovm of every word in the list. Ex. : Cats purr. Bees hum.
bee
wasp
flea
lo cust
hor net
Copy :
gnat
moth
roach
bee tie
crick et
111 — Insects
ant
wee vil ^
mos qui 'to ''
glow worm
silk woi'm
drag on-fly
bum ble-bee
but ter fly
ka'tydid
grass hop per
"'TIS the middle watch of a summer's night, —
The earth is dark, but the heavens are bright ;
The winds are whist, and the owl is still ;
The bat in the slielvy rock is hid ;
And naught is heard on the lonely hill
But the cricket's chirp, and the answer shrill
Of the gauze-winged katydid.
And the plaint of the wailing whip-poor-will.
—Drake,
112— The Ant
Dictalton. — The fighting ants would starve to death if
they did not have slaves. They attack a colony of working
ants and capture the eggs. When the captive ant grows
large enough, it has to do all the work. It brushes its mas-
ter, feeds hirn, and carries him around on its back.
Pronunclatloa.— ina; i>w6W'l; •mOake'tft.
I !
GRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
68
113— Clothing
hoae mackintosh veil
gloves gai ters scaif
era vat col lar hood
skirt trou sers ruf fie
shawl hand ker chief * neck-tie
114 — Words of Similar Meanings
late tar dy soul
snug cozy rob
I'ash has ty rich
grim surly erect
hurt in jure loose ^
sole sin gle com fort
1 1 5— Choice of Words
Read and write the following sentences, first with one set oi. words
and then with the other.
muff
boots
tip pet
par a sol
o'veralls
spir it
'pluu der
fer tile
up right
un bound
con sole
l] '>*'
It
18
Much
_A great deal
brouffhtn ^
« , , J to US 111
letcned J
"lands
i_distaiit_
riittle"]
oiir tea
comes
is brought_i
far T'^^y
countries
"ships
_steamers_
over the
ijy
I ,. I olivo P"''"?''
l_tiiiy J Lpieces.
and
TheP^'t. ,
LearlieBt__
best
est
1
Fsteamers
tea. The boxes are
all
picked
_gathered_
carried
to
„ rChman
from \ J
L Japan J
sailors "] „
irom
marmersj
"oceans"! ^ ,
lake the
seas _
""^'''' 1 them r^^"^^^
.unfoldj Lwith care
produce'
make
iway"! . Fswift ~]
_off J Lfast-sailingJ
"world"]
_giobej.*
' 1.
3areJ
leaves
Lchoic-
of the
_borue
"lands
_everyj |_country_
Pronunciation.— > ban kgr chlf . » Notice diflforeuce in souod of s in lOOse
aad iQ^e.
r
54
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
lie-
-Review
ache
bruise
bu'reau
could
ac cept'
are 'tic
care'ful
dai'sy
a f raid'
bis'cuit '
car'riage
cur'tain
a gain' '
au'tumn
cel'er y
col'oured
al'mond
ba nii'na
chim'ney
con'ti nent
an'i mQ,l
break 'fast
Christ'maB
cran'ber ry
117
differ ent
friend
health'y
juice
dough'nut
gi raffe'
help'ful
knife
ear'nest
gru'el
hom'i ny
knuckle'
ei'ther
e qua'tor
ho ri'zon
laugh
el'e phant
er'rand
hy'a cinth
l6arn
e nough'
Feb'ru a ry
in'ter est ing
isth'mus
118
maize
mo las'ses
o'a sis
rai'sin
li'chen
mos qui'to
bilge'
pict'ure
liq'uid
moun'tain
om'e let
pitch'er
mat' tress
nei'ther
os'trich
pleas'ant
mi'grate
neph'ew
oys'ter
prai'rie
min'u end
niece
par'al lei
pump'kin
119
I !
y i
rhu'barb
skein
tongue
zone
rough
sleigh
tor'rid
whose
sal'mon
sev'er al
un til'
would
schol'ar
skel'e ton
tem'per ate
wrong
scis'sors
spin'ach
thous'and
ze'nith
sen'tence
squir'rel
vol cfi'no
writ'tea
Pronu
iieiatioi3.— 1 agC
n', wo^agiln'; 'bls'klt; sni
ik'k'l.
PART II
120
** If fortune, with a Rmiling face.
Strews roses on our way.
When should we stop to pick them up ?
To-day, my friend, to-day.
But should she frown with face of care.
And talk of coming sorrow.
When shall we grieve, if grieve we must ?
To-morrow, friend, to-morrow."
Copy, leaiii, and write from memory.
121- On the Writing-desk
ream
quill
quire
stamps
rul er
tab let
blot ter
wa fer
let ter
e ras er
ink stand
fools cap
pa per-weight
port f ol io
mu ci lage
en'vel ope
pen knife post al-card die tion a ry seal ing-wax
t- Write the words alphabetically.
To the Teacher — Give the pupils frecpieut practicu iu letter- writing.
Ttie parts of a letter to be taught are :
1. The Heading: place and date.
2. The Salutation, or Greeting.
3. The Body of the Letter.
4. The Conclusion: closing words and signature.
5. The Address : name and residence of tiie person addressed, written on
the left ; in business letters, just above tlie Salutation ; in familiar letters,
just below the Conclusion ; or sometimes omitted.
G. Superscription: aMvenmni t]nnin\tilo\)ti.
Put models on the l)l.ickb( ard. Drill on each part— its proper place,
capital letters, and marks of r uactuation. See pp. 42, 47, 51, 93, 94, 95. etc.
56
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
122 — Geography
Dictation. — The Dominion of Canada extends from the
Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The five Great Lakes
are on the south. Hudson Bay is in the north-east.
Starting at the west, let us journey across our country.
Near tlic Pacific Ocean is a great highland. The Rocky
Mountains are a part of this highland. Gold, silver, and
many other valuable minerals are mined here. /
123
— Mining
zinc
rui ca
gran ite
lode
lead
sul phur
g^p'sum
shaft
quartz
car bon
pMt'i num
min er
cop per
salt pe'tre
min er al
tun nel
ni tre
mer cu ry
me t^riic
der rick
e~
124
Geography
Dictation. — Tlie Great Plains lie east of the Rocky
Mountains. This is a grazing region. Thousands of buffa-
loes used to feed here. Next come the fertile prairies along
the Saskatchewan River. Grain grows in this plain.
The Laurentian Mountains, where timber is found, and
the fertile valley of the St. Lawrence, finish our journey
across the Dominion.
!l^
i ;
126-
-Farming
plough
har'row
stgr'ile
fer tile
reap er
mow er
thresh er
fariow
clay ey
bar ren
toggy
ar'able
scythe
sick le
swamp y
fruit f ul
loam'y
marsh y
al lu'vi al
gua'no
He that by the plow would thrive
Himself must either hold or drive.
— PranJcUn.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
57
»m the
Lakes
untry.
Rocky
r, aud
le
aft
n er
anel
r rick
Rocky
bulfa-
I along
i, and
)urney
ile
gy
ble
'vial
QO
126 — Marks of Punctuation
, Ooiiima
; Semi-colon
: Colon
. Period
— Dash
? Interrogation
! Exclamation
( ) Parentheses
[ ] Brackets
Apostrophe
- Hyphen
•• Diaeresis
A Caret
* * *
or
Ellipsis
. . Ellipsis or Leaders
* Star
t( a
t Dagger
X Double Dagger
Quotation || Parallels
j Brace «[ Paragraph
§ , Section ^^^ Index
Copy the marks and their names.
127
Dictation.— A little neglect may breed great mUcMef:
For want of a nail the shoe was lo8t ; for imnt of a shoe the
horse was lost ; and for ivant of a liorse the rider ivas lost,
being overtaken and slain by the enemy— 2i\\ for want of
care about a horseshoe nail. — Franklin.
Re-write, using words from the following list in place of the words
in italics.
fell
lack
steed
foe
so pra'no
^I'to
con trdl'to
ten or
bar'y tone
cause
killed
caught
slight
bass
so lo
du6t'
tri'o
quar t6t'
cho rus
har mo ny
stum bled
horse mau
in ju ry
loos ened
128— Music
• clef
trou ble
ueg li gence
un fas tened
at ten tion to
ti'ump et
staff spin et
harp or gan
lute trom'bone
^yi'^ mu si cian
J harmony cor'net or'ehes ti'a
Write the words, and mark every long sound of a vowel.
To the Teacher.— Teach the pupils the use of the Marks of Punctuation
one by one, as they come up in other lessons. '
ill
ka
68
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
129— Capital Letters
/ JBule.— Titles, when applied to persons, begin with capitals.
Dictation. — The famous Duke of Wellington won the
battle of Waterloo. I met Sir Walter Scott at his home,
Abbotsford. Among the guests were Senator Benton and
Judge Story. We called on President Lincoln at the White
House.
'
130-
-Titles
king
vis'count *
in ay 'or
count
prince
bar on
sen a tor
judge
duke
bar'on et
em per or
queen
mar quis
pres'i dSnt
czar ^
ad mi ral
earl
gov ern or
stir tan
com 'mo dore
Copy :
131
Either tlie English or the French language may be used
in debates in the Parliament of the Dominion ; but in
the Quebec Legislature, both languages must be used in
the records and journals and in the printed Acts.
— Miles.
}
wor
132 — Synonyms
(j, wasteful
ll fearful
^ ru ral
I plag'idk
ar dent
hard y
Write the words in the first two columns, and opposite each write a
meaning from the last two columns.
/ Be rene'
^ com ic
5 pii'trid
^ ea ger
J rud dy
/ lav isli
■i rus tic
Ijta^'it
^turbid
^tur dy
. ;s6m'bre
tim id
i-f
si lent
gloom y^y
mud dya
fl5r'id i-
rot ten J
mirthful 5^
Prouunclation.— > vi'kouQt : *zSx,
gym'nast
gypsy
eu'gine
mar gin
GRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
133 — ^ soft, gfem
gib lets horn age
59
gen'ius *
gen'u me
mag 'is trate
gym nas'tics
gym na'gi um
gib bet
gen teel' gen e sis
herb 'age ^ gest'ure
Write sentences using the words engine, engineer, gesture, genuine,
and gymtiaaiics.
134 — Compound Words
_ A word formed of two simple words is called a compound word If
It has been in general use a long time, its parts are joined like the
syllables of a simple word ; if not, a hyphen is placed between thera.
Make as many compound words as you can of the following simple
words; find out from the dictionary which should have a hyphen.
Ex. : Rainbow, snow-bound.
hand
foot
school
pen
work
shoe
saw
ball
mate
knife
shop
string
made
step
book
man
table
black
135
cart
stool
house
hold er
bag
maker
maid
race
girl
box
folks
nail
C
How many rompound words can you form, using as the first word
head? play? home?
Copy :
Mont Blanc is the monarch of mountains ;
They crowned him long ago.
On a throne of rocks, in a robe of clouds.
With a diadem of snow. — Byroii.
What and where is Mont Blanc? What is meant by " monarch of
mountains"? -throne of rocks"? "robe of clouds"? and "diadem
of snow"?
PronuuciatIou.-> jeu'yfia or je'ui Os ; » erb'Aj or herb'^'.
60
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
136 — Homon3nns
cent, a com
1 •{ Bcent, an odor
sent, did send
j plum, a fruit
( plumb, perpendicular
g j stare,
I stair.
to, as in " Give it to me"
6 •{ too, as in '' too cold "
two, a number
{ threw, did throw
G •< through, as in '* through the
air
stare, to look earnestly
a step
^ j fir, a tree
( fur, fine, soft hair
^ j fore, in front
( four, a number
8
earn, to get or merit by labor
urn, a vase
Write the sentences, putting the riglit word in the right place.
It is not what wo (8), but what we save that makes us
rich. — Prov. A bird in the hand is worth (5) in the bush.
— Prov. We (1) the silver (8) (5) them. I^ remember the
(T)-trees, dark and high. — Hood. A (1) is one-hundredth
part of a dollar. Prunes are dried (2)s. A dog has (4) feet,
but the (4) feet are the two front feet. And all the world
would (3). — Coivper. The (1) of the roses will hang round
it still. — Moore. Who (6) the stone (6) the window? Rus-
sian sable is a costly (7). (5) many cooks spoil the broth.
Masons test a wall with a (3)-line. White marble (3)b lead
to the Capitol.
137— The Pate Palm
Dictation. — The date palm is the most useful tree to the
Arab. The wood is used for fuel and building. The leaves
are made into baskets, brushes, ropes, and mats. The fruit
is his food. Wine and vinegar are made from the juice.
The young shoots are cooked and eaten. Oil is made from
the seeds. ,
V
/^
fJRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
138 — Silent g
,' 3
61
gneiss
sign
feign ^
deign
gnarled
phlegm
gnash
re §ign'
as sign
be nign
ma lign'
poig'nant
sov'er eign
di'aphragm
^luiin pagne'^
as sign'ment
gnu gnariea ar raign
gnaw phlepjm con dign
im pugn
for'eign
cam paign'
de sign y
Copy the words. Draw a line through silent g.
139— Geography
";' Alaska was from in 1867. Its shores are washed
by tlie Current, a stream of warm water that flows from
the Japan Islands the Pacific Ocean. The winds blow
over this and make the mild and moist. There
are large forests of , fir, , and pine. The is
magnificent. High , deep , and immense are
numerous. The are chiefly Indians and They
fish and hunt. The seal fishery is the most iu the
world. Sitka is the .
Copy, and fill the blanks from the first list of words below.
'val leys pnr'chased Kus'sia ^ ce dar
current across spruce scen'ery
cap i tal gMc'i ers in hab'it ants val'u a ble
cli mate Es'ki m6§ Ja pan' mount ains
stealth
trough
thrift
vague
voice
whiff
trait
vogue spa
twilled vault fierce
ooze
cruise
browse
shrimp
wrought
squeeze
grudge
sword ^
Prouu:aciatlon.-i niB ; a fto ; s itt&a' ; * sUm pan' ; Tash', ; • sord.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
eel
cod
carp
perch
bass
trout
pike
shar^:
shad
smelt
140— Fish
dttl'phm
sarMifne
had dock
suck er
miu'n6w
her ring
mack'er el
pick er el
stur geou
hal'i but
Which fish are used for food? Which are caught in fresh water?
Which are caught iu salt water? Which one takes its name from an
lelaud?
141— The Cod
Dictation,— The cod is one of the most important fish
used for food. The chief fishing grounds are the Grand
Bank of Newf oundhmd and places in its vicinity. Here there
is a great abundance of small fish and other marine animals
on which the cod preys. The cod is usually prepared for the
market by salting and drying on frames called " flakes/'
142— Comma
Rule.— The name of the person addressed should be senftrafflfl hr a MAm««.
or commas from the rest of the sentence. separated by a comma
1. Edith, where is your sister ? 2. Please open the win-
dow, Robert. 3. Wait, Harold, until your friend comes.
Hel en
Blanche
Agnes
Ber tha
Fran'geg
Em i ly
I rene
Mar i on
R^iph
Guy
Rich ard
Fran'§is
Ed ward
Al f red
Ed mund
Her bert
Write three sentences, using the name of a person addressed at the
beginning, at the end, and in the middle of a sentence.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
6d
143— Imports
jut
le wool leii8 por'ce lain
I vo
ry
cord aire
an clio'vies
gut'ta-per'clia
silk al CO hoi cttcb'i neal ^
wines jew el rj chem ic als
CO logne' ' liard'ware gum-ar'a bic
144
Look for goodness, look for gladness.
You will meet them all the while ;
If you bring a smiling visage
To the glass, you meet a smile.
Copy, learn, and recite. —Alice Cary,
146— Singular and Plural
JJM?«.-Some words form their plurals by adding g
Table, one object, is singular. Tables, more* than one obiect is
plural. Write the phiral form of each word in the list below! ^'
fool
lock
feast
hook
priest
del ta
an gel
se cret
dra ma
f el low
mask
fos sil
han die
hel met
freck le
liq uor ®
lad der
lob ster
mar ket
ma'tron
146
Dlctatlo„.-The ship "Neptune/' from Calcutta, has
The schooner - Zephyr " sails from Havana loaded with
sugaj^^molasses, oranges, bananas, cigar,?, and mahoj
Pronunciation.— 1 kfilon'
jgany,
' kOch'Inei ; » llk'Sr.
04
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
147-
-g hard, fig
gift
ga })le
tar get
guest
girt
gir die
gal lop
gauze
gild
giz zard
gar gle
guard
gear
gher kin
gey'ser
giddy
gimp
gib bona
gal'lant
giggle
geese
gew gaw
gaunt' let
gain ea
Write the words. Mark the short sounds of a and i.
148— Singular and Plural
Rule.-
Some words form their plurals by adding e8%
box
gash
loss
hero
lash
hoax
dish
ech o
sash
torch
inch
re bus
tress
patch
mesh
negro
leech
witch
sketch
mot to
couch
punch
ac tress
tor pe'do
Write the words in a column, and opposite each, its plural form.
149
Rewrite the following sentences so that every word in italics will
mean more than one.
The hero wore a helmet. A lobster is for sale in the mar-
ket. A fossil was foiuid in the ledge. The box has a handle.
A torpedo was placed in the fort. The dish is on the upper
shelf. A tress is a ringlet or curl of hair. The man carried
a torch in the procession.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 05
160 — Homonyms
1<
air, what we breathe
e'er, ever
ere, before
1^ heir, one who inherits
2 j sail, of a ship
( sale, a Bellinir
selling
„ j holy, sacred
( wholly, completely
plain, level ground ; clear
4 -l piano, flat surface ; tree ;
tool
rain, water from clouds
f) •{ reign, to rule
rein, for a horse
„ ( coarse, rough
( course, way
-, j collar, band for the neck
( choler, anger
j dying, ceasing to live
( dyeing, colouring
Write the sentences, putting the right word in the right place.
Westward the (G) of empire takes its vftiy.— Berkeley. 0,
there is sweetness in the morning {\).— Byron. (3) angels
guard thy hed..— Watts. How gladly would we buy time
were it for (2). How beautiful is? the (5) after the dust and
heat— Lony fellow. The top of my deyk is a (4) surface.
What ! drunk with {7).— Shakespeare. The (7) was made of
cloth. ■ We thought her (8) when she slept. The Prince of
Wales is (1) to the English throne. Russia is almost (3) a
vast (4). Write home (1) the ship (2)8. The (5) guides
the horse. The cochineal insects furnish a red colour for (8).
Shakespeare lived during the (5) of Queen Elizabeth.
And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves.
Dewy with nature's tear-drops, as they pass,
Grieving, if aught inanimate (1) grieves.
Over the unreturning brave, alas !
(1) evening to be trodden like the grnas.—Byron.
lb the Teacher — Lead the pupils to understand the meaning of the
quotations and express it in their own language.
5
66
GKAFTON'S WOUl) AND SENTENCE BOOK
•
151
—Cloths
jedii
sat in
si kVsi a
cal i CO
baize
vel vet
nie li'no
al pac'a
serge
flan nel
cam 'brie
dam ask
plush
nius liii
bro c'ilde'
cor du roy
liii (Ml
ino'haii"
cliCv'i ot
cas'si mere
twoed
do laiiie
ging ham
vel vet een'
cluutz
broad clotli
cash 'mo re
seer'suck er
152
DIoialloii.— Liiioii is mado from Mio tibros of flax. Most
of the linen nsed in Canada comes from Hiirope. Vel-
vet mado from cotton is ealled velveteen. Alpaca is mado
from the wool of an animal that lives in the Andes Moun-
tains. Calico was named from Calicut, a town in India.
153
Copy, learn, uiul recite :
The year's at the Si)ring ;
The day's at the nu)rn ;
Morning's at seven ;
The hill-side's dew-])earled ;
The lark's on the wing ;
The snail's on the thorn ;
Ck)d's in his heaven ; —
All's right with the world.— 7j'r)/><?r/ Tironming.
154
IMolalloii.— Rain sinks into the soil and dissolve the
salt it finds there. Through springs, brooks, and rivers the
fiiilt it^ parried to tiu^ ocean. When tlu- vapour rises to form
clouds, the salt is left behind. So the sea gets its salt.
ORAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 67
155 — Geography
niclalSoii.— Most of tlie siirfaco of South America is a
vast })lain. T\uvo. long rivers and their tributaries drain
this plain.
'I'he most northern river is the Orinoco, The jilains along
its banks are known as l.lanos. They resemble our })rairies.
During the wet season they are clothed with ri(!h grass.
Cattle feed on the grass. In the dry season the J.lanos are
dry and parched.
Qui'to*
AnMes
llti'ina
con 'dor
chill cliil'la
156
pearls
Mar gji r'i'tsi
log wood
ciii elio'na
sar sa pa ril'la
pitch
Trill i dad'
pen'guiu
al'ha tross
Falk'laiid^
157 — Geography
DIetalloii.— The middle river is the Amazon. Its plains
are called Selvas. They are covered with thick forests.
Among the trees are the India-rubber, the brejidfruit, the
eow-troe, and a great variety of palms. The La Plata is the
most southern river. Its plains are called Pampas. They
are like the Llanos.
grass y
Lla'uos
Pam'pag
La Pla'ta
v/ li lit; CO
hides
horns
cat tie
tal'low
tree less
158
f(^r est
Sel vas
Ain'a zon
bread fruit
caoui'ehoiic ^
sim'i lar
cow-tree
va ri'e ty
re sem'ble
dye woods
Pronunclattou.-i kC'tO ; a fgk'land ; ' koo'chijak.
68 GRAFTOxN'S WORD A^D SENTENCE BOOK
159— Singular and Plural
JJMi^.-Some words form their plurals by changing /or fe into ves.
life
self
beef
elf
loaf
shelf
calf
half_
wharf
leaf
thief
knife
wife
wolf_
sheaf
gulf
hoof
fife
be lief
The following words add s only :
reef surf waif
grief roof chief
Write the singular of each word, and its plural form beside it. /
160
Rewrite the following sentences, changing each plural to itssirgular
form :
Elves are fairies. Twelve knives lay on the shelves.
Calves have hoofs. Wolves attacked the serfs. Thieves hid
under the wharves.
Rewrite the following sentences, changing each singular to its plural
form :
Try for yourself. A coral reef was in the gulf. Half of
a leaf was torn. Tlie house had a red roof, A sheaf of
wheat stood iu the lield.
161-
-ar and er
so lar
lat ter
later
filter
lunar
an ger
cof fer
lard er
tar tar
bet ter
dif fer
blis ter
stel lar
drov er
hin der
blub ber
nee tar
can ker
gan der
mem ber
vulgar
ban ner
hop per
drum me
^
/
w
7
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
162— Comma
69
Rule.— A comma separates the words of a series.
Dictation.— A large, sweet, juicy orange was given to
the little girl. Lead is soft, heavy, and flexible. Recite
your lessons promptly, distinctly, and slowly. The wheel
has a hub, felly, tire, and spokes. The children hopped,
skipped, and jumped. The heel,' sole, upper-leuther, lining,
and tongue are parts of a shoe.
<-.
163
Make five sentenops, using in each the words across the page.
glass
win dow
hemmed
Wal ter
learned
smooth
sash
gath ered
George
ea si \y
bi'it tie
panes
stitched
Owen
rap id ly
164 — Singular and Plural
trans par ent
weights
seam stress *
I'ode
per feet ly
7
fom the~lSaf ^^^^°^ ^"^ '^ ^^^^ * consonant change v to i, and add es to
filly tory salary gallery
fury daisy family mummy
ferry penny misery grocery
JjM^e.- Words ending in v after a vowel add « to form the plural.
toy es'say alley kidney
joy mon ey vol ley med ley
prey d6n'key pulley attor'ney^
Copy each word and write its plural form opposite.
Prouuuclatlou.— 1 eSm'strds or sCm'strfis ; a fit tflr'nj^.
-**^ .i. , ■*
70 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
165
The Queen of Slieba orought two wreaths to King Solo-
mon to test his wisdom. One was made of natural flowers,
the other of artificial. The king was to select the natural
wreath. They were so skilfully made that none of the court-
iers, and not even the king himself, could see any difference.
Suddenly a bee flew into tlie room. It alighted eagerly on
one of the wreaths. It staid there some time, and then flew
out of the window. '' The wreath the bee alighted upon has
the real flowers," said the king.
Write the story in your own words. Topics : two people ; two
wreatns ; tne qi
nestion ; the doubt ; t
166—6,
he bee ; the decis
long
iion.
CO here'
e qual ^
needy
weary
se Crete
se vere'
speed y
drear y
im pede
de cent
feed ing
trea son
con vene
fe male
heed f ul
cheap ly
ex treme
pre cept
free dom
3^ear ling
su preme
de scribe' ,
cheer ful
mean ing
Copy the words, and mark the long sound of e.
Select a word from each column, and write a sentence containing it.
Dictation. — If you want knowledge you must toil for it ;
if food, you must toil for it ; and if pleasure, you must toil
for it. Toil is the law. Pleasure comes through toil, and
not by self-indulgence and indolence. When one gets to
love work his life is a happy one. — Rushin. ,
law
when
toil
want
Cv^ixic;
through pleas ure hap py
self
in d
in'do lence
ui gcuoG
'V'^
two
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
167 — Homonyms
71
( pair, two
1 •< pare, to cut off
( pear, a fruit
5
{meat, animal food
meet, proper; to come to-
gether
mete, to measure
2 J their, belonging to them ^ j ascent, a rising
( there, in that place ( assent, agreement
3 j capital, chief town; stock ^ j pane, a plate of glass
( capitol, building ( pain, an ache
^ j hear, to listen
( here, in this place
8
j rye, {
( wry.
I gram
y, crooked
Copy the sentences, putting the right word in the right place,
(2) is nothing new under the sun. — Bible. (8) grows in
cold countries. When shall we three (5) again ?— Shake-
speare. A (7) of glass. (4) rests his head upon the lap of
earth.— Gray. Can you (1) a (1) with a (1) of scissors?
The (3) is a white marble building. The (0) of Mont Blanc
is full of danger. Be silent that you may (4).— Shakespeare.
Sweet is pleasure after (1).—Dryde7i. Birds in (2) little
nests agree.— Watts. Washington is the (3) of the United
States. Is not the life more than (5) ?^BiUe. He gave his
(6) to the proposal. There is a bird called the (8) neck.
With what measure ye (5), it shall be measured to you again.
— Bible,
168 — Diphthongs: ow, ou
cowl
prowl
clown
crowd
bow er
dow er
rouse
shout
crouch
de vour'
found ry
scoun drel
crown
drown
cow ard
drow sy
mound
flounce
com pound
pro nounce
72
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
169— The Beaver
Dictation. — The beaver was once abundant in North
America, but lias gradually disappeared before the settle-
ments of the white man. It swims with its tail and hind-
feet. Tlie hind-feet are webbed. The tail is large and flat,
and is used as a scull. It builds a home by the edge of the
water. Each house has two stories. Two or three families
Jive in one house.
170 — Grammar
verb
noun
ad verb
pro noun
ad jec tive
an a lyze
gram mar
con June tion
prep o si tion
in ter jec tion
sim pie
com pi ex
dis pos al
per son al
a nal y sis
clause
sub ject
pred i cate
col lee tive
com pound
n/
171— The Beaver
Dictation. — The food is stored in the lower story under
water. They eat the bark of trees and roots of plants.
The beavers live in the upper story, where it is dry. The
entrance is under water. If the stream is shallow, a dam is
built across it. The dam is made of small trees, roots, moss,
and mud, The beaver works at night.
172— i short
a,g'ile rig'id im'age
viv id ac tive jus tice
d6g'ile fes tive den tist
bos tile rgp'tile serv ice
mis sile crev ice prom ise
Copy the words. Mark the short sounds of the vowels.
fidg'et
res pite
c6r'nice
des tine
doc trine
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
78
173— Irregular Plurals
Singular
. Plural
Singular
JRural
OX
oxen
mouse
mice
this
these
child
chil dren
that
those
woman
wom en
tooth
teeth
broth er
breth ren
goose
geese
pen ny
pence
Copy :
Lost, yesterday, somewhere between sunrise and sunset,
two golden hours, each set with sixty di imond minutes.
— Horace Mann,
174
Lo, here hath been dawning another blue day ;
Think wilt thou let it slip, useless away.
Out of Eternity this new day is born ;
Into Eternity at night will return.
Behold it aforetime no eye ever did ;
So soon it forever from all eyes is hid.
Here hath been dawning another blue day ;
Think wilt thou let it slip useless away.
— Carlyle,
Copy, learn, and recite.
%
loi'ter
toi let
poi son
ap point'
175 — Diphthongs: oi and oy
coil an noy'
broil de coy
spoil boy'ish
hoist em ploy'
choice boy'cott
m voice
re joice'
pur loin
oint'ment
em broid er
u
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
176 — Geography
Dictation.— England rules one-fourth of all. the people
and owns one-fifih of all the land in the world. Her colo-
nies are in every continent. '' The sun never sets on the
British Empire."
The Gulf Stream and the warm, moist, west winds from
it make tlie climate mild. England is like a garden-
green hedges, green fields, and grand old trees. In the
manufacture of cotton goods, woollens, linens, and hardware,
England ranks first in the world.
Tow er
Thames*
Lon don
Hyde Park
Brit isli Mil ge'um
Par lia ment Hous es
177
docks
Lif f ey
Mer'gey
Dub lin
Bel fast
Clyde
cas tie
Glas gow
ship yards
ca the dral
2
Liv er pool Hoi y rood
West roin ster Ab bey ware hous es Ed in burgh
To the Teacher.— Let any pupil select a word, and tell what he knows
about it,
178 — 9 soft, qent
gen'ser ^ir'cus ag'id
cen sus ci pher cir cuit
cen tral cin der cyl in der
cem ent cer tain eel e brate
cen taur cen sure cem'e t6r y
Copy words. Mark the soft sound of c.
Write sentences, using certain, celebrate, ceiling, circus, central.
Qeiring
cym bal
cent'u ry
ce les tial
cen ten'ni al
Pronunciation,.—! tgmz ; agd'inbtlrri
i
. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 75
179 — Direct Qnotation
Xtulet—A direct quotation
' begins with a capital letter,
is separated by a comma from the rest of the
sentence.
. is inclosed by quotation marks.'
Dictation. — " Wlien shall we have recess ? " asked
•Charles. **At half-past eleven/' replied his teacher.
Thomas Jefferson said, " Never put '■'•)' till to-morrow what
you can do to-day.'' Who said, ••';) me liberty or give
me death " ? Gertrude said, " I i.f^ •• learned to ^pell
receiving and belie viny, till and until ^ci^C'd siege/'
180
say
ask
says
asks
said
asked
say ing
ask ing
cry
tell
cries
tells
cried
told
cry ing
tell ing
re ply
re plies
re plied
re ply ing
an swer
an swers
an swered
an swer ing
181 — Direct Quotation
Bictatioii.— '* iJncle Henry, please tell me a story," said
Clara. Her uncle answered, " What shall I tell you ?
'' Oh," said Clara, " tell me about Jack and the bean-stalk.
And the brown thrush keeps singing, '*A nest do you see.
And five eggs hid by me in the juniper tree."
Copy three sentences from your Reader containing direct quotations.
'j >}
>f
1 A way to teach the use of quotation marks :
Teacher: Anne, ea> something to me.
Anne ; It Ib a pleasant day.
Teacher: Bertha, make a sentence telling what Aune has said.
Bertha : Anne said, " It is a pleasant day."
Teacher: Class, write Bertha a sentence.
70
6 'pal
I'll by
to paz
6'nyx
agate
GRAFTON'S WOJil) AXIJ SENTRN(;K BOOi^
182— Precious Stones
beryl
jas per
mir net
moon stone
blood stone
cam o
em er aid
di a mond
car'bun cle
car nel'ian ^
am'e thffit
raal n ohite '
tnr quoige' ^
sap'piiire **
la'pis-Mz'u \i
183
Dictation.— Ireland is called the Emerald Isle from its
verdure. The best opals come from Hungary. Diamonds
are found mixed with gravel in the earth in South Africa.
The Romans believed that wine drunk from a cup made of
amethyst would not intoxicate.
184
Copy, putting the words from the following list in place )f the
italicized words :
A Roman matron, who was ver^j rich and fond of shotv,
once visited Cornelia, a Roman mother, who was very )
proud of her two sons. The lady exhibited her gems to
Cornelia, who in her turn /ailed in her two sons and said'^
to her friend, '' These are my jewels."
showed ^
vis it or 9
dis play ^
' op'u lent
ex treme ly
sum nioned
jew els
' re plied
i, equal ly
185 — Minerals
fel'spar flint nick'el
ar'se nic bo'rax graph'ite
ox'y gen bi tu'men sand'stone
em'er y
pum'ice
quick'sil ver
Pronunclatlon.-i kSr ncl'yon ; a mill'a kit ; s tflr koiz'; « eaf Ir or sfif gr.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
186 — Homon3rini
77
ewe, a female sheep
you, person addressed
yew, an evergreen tree
o j cruel, unkind
( creweJ . soft yarn
g ( choir, a band oi' singers
( quire, 24 sheets of paper
^ ( bough, a branch
( bow, to bend; front of shiji
g j knead, to work dough
( need, want
n j stake, a post ; it wager
I steak, a slice of meat
^ j gait, manner of walking
( gate, a kind of door
main, chief
8 -l mane, hair on horse's neck
Maine, one of the U. S.
Put the right word in the riglit place.
I had most (5) of blessing.- Shakespeare. May I join the
(3) invisible.— 6^eo. BHot. (l)s and bleating himhs.— Mil-
ton. Added woes may (4) me to the gi'oimd.—Fojje. (2)a
are used in embroidc y. (1) must (5) the dough to make
good bread. The man who walked tlirough the (7) had a
peculiar (7). Have a care for the (8) chance.— Butler.
Twenty (3)s make a roam. He bought a slice of sirloin (fJ).
Me. is the abbreviation of C8). The Mistletoe (4) is a poem.
Like a dew-drop from tli ' lioa's (8). Joan of Arc was
burned at the (G). The wood of the (1) was used for mak-
ing bows.
cleft
pyre
brief
copse
corpse
clench
cleanse
187— Diflacult Monosyllables
flaw
g< id
flare
dealt
freak
fraud
fledge
chasm
dredge
farce
guile
gloat
gorge
gourd
liege
lapse
weii'd
grease
mould
mourn
league
rouge
roo^ue
shone
pri^m
pierce
olaef-ue
scourge
7b
(iUAl'TON'S WORD AND SKNT.
i
ENCE BOOK
188— Singular and Plural
Jtul^,- Letters, marks, and figures are made plural by adding an apostrc
pne and s ( '»j, *^
Blcimioii.~Dot your ?",>» and cross your /'.«?. ITow many
^'.s- aro tlioro in Hcparate? Tlio + 's are between the G'.v aiid 7's.
n„tp. -Of most compound words, only that part is made plural which is
descnbed by the rest.
foot ball foot balls father-in-lavvr fathers-in-law
draw bridge draw bridges hanger-on liangers-ou
foe man foe men ear ring ear rings
flag staff fing staffs pail ful pail f uls
court-martial courts-martial spoonful spoonfuls
189-
-Synonyms
de clare'
a ver'
as sert'
af firm'
col lect
amass
ecu cede
al low
al lay
as siia2:e
zearous
ar'dent
ap pall
af f riojht
con cern'
af fair'
at tacli
ap pend
con sent
a g'ree
pac'i fy
ap pease
re voke
an nul
can eel
a borish
dis cuss
1QA
ar'gue
Copy :
Aristotle, being asked what a man could gain by telling a
falsehood, replied, '' Not to be credited when he speaks the
truth."
Sir Walter Raleigh said, '' Hear much and speak little ;
for the tongue is the instrument of the greatest good and the
greatest evil done in the world/'
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
191 — Geography
70
Dictation. — Paris is tlio second city in the world. It
has very beautiful gardenw, where one can enjoy bright
flowers, trees, fountains, and statuary. The povv })eople sit
in these gardens, knitting and sowing, wliile the children
play about.
The Seine * flows through the city. The oldest (;hurch in
Paris, Mire Dame'' (Our Lady), is on an island in the river.
192—6, short
nSv'er
tern per
per ish
cher isli
wed lock
nStli'er
skep tic
cher lib
her aid
blem ish
thread bare
ped dler
Copy, and mark the short sound of e,
193
fei'ou
zeal ot
stead y
peas ant
threat eu
pl6a§'ure
mgn'tal
jdeii ty
pet rel
jeal ous
weath er
m6a§'ure
Dictation. — "I desire that my ashes may repose upon
the banks of the Seine, in the midst of the French people,
whom I have ever loved." So said Napoleon in his will.
Under the dome of the Hotel des Invalides ' (Soldiers'
Home), in Paris, stands the red granite sarcophagus in which
his ashes repose. Around it are twelve statues of Victory
and sixty flags captured by him in battle.
An oral spelling of difficult words should precede dictation.
sluice thyme* whoop suite' spouse
shrift type Avreathe realm manse
scribe theme writhe myrrh nhrase
Pronunclatlon.-i ean ; " nOt'r-diSm ; sotSl'-dcz-ang'valeed ; *tlm; sswSt.
80 GliAFTONS WORD AND SENTENCP: BOOK
194~€, €h, hard, like k, €at, chorus
com'pass
cul prit
cur ly
cur few
com et
com j)lete' cu'po Li
ciic'tus
cttui'rade
c/ib iu
ca ble
com pute'
clia'os
chrome
cliro mo
clirou ic
clio ral
cliem ist
chori?
cliyle
chyme
chol'er a
chron'i cle
cliar ac ter
corumii complex'iou Christian chame'leon
rate
terms
prime
digit
ze I'o
acre
cu bic
fac tor
frac tion
a] i quot
dis count
ex am'ple
195 — Arithmetic
in te ger
dec i mal
mul ti pie
in ter est
com pos'ite
nu'mer a tor
a mount
prin ci pal
di vis'i ble
in sur ance
bro'ker age
per cent' age
nought hun di'edtli de uom'i na t(^]- ilv oir du poi§'
W ril e the di^ni s. Oopy from an Arithmelic liio defluitions of integer,
fraction, deciuial, and multiple.
1 96 — Geography
Pu'get Ja mai'ea Ha van'a
Fun'dy Van cou'ver Whit'ney
Ilec'hi Ilal'i i^x O'ma ha
Que bee' Win'ni peg Ath a bas'ca
St. Johns Wy o'ming Mis sou 'ri
Ber'ing Flat'ter y Yu ca titn'
Write in a column, and opposite each tell what it
Model : Kcw York | city | IS^cw York.
Su pe'ri or
Hat'te ras
As sin i boi'a
Ches'a peake
Al be marie'
Man i to ba
is, and whert.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
81
197 — Homonyms
ba
i--^
break, to part by force
brake, foi stopping wheels ; 5 \ ^^'"^^^^ ^^^''^^ ^^^^ > ^^ ^^^""^
a fern ^ ^^'^^^' healthy
week, seven days
weak, feeble
waist, part of the body
waste, a desert ; to sqnan- 7 \ ^'^^^' P^'* ""^ ^^^^ ^''^*
^gj, ( heal, to cure
piece, apart; a composition ( peal, a loud sound
r> j wait, to stay
( weight, heaviness
peace, quiet
8
I peel, to strip off the skin
Put the right word in the right place.
Achilles was slain by being wounded in the (7). A (4) of
banana (8) should not be thrown on the pavement. The
(l)ing waves dashed high. — Hemans. (5), holy light. —
Milton. The engine whistled '* Down (l)s.^' What is your
(6)? I lay me down in (4) to sleep. — Willard. Physician,
(7) thyself. — Bible. If you are (5), you cannot be (2).
The deep thunder, (8) on (8), afar. — Bf/ron. There was a
belt about her (3). Sunday is the first day of the (2).
Learn to labour and to (6). — Longfelloj;. (3) not, want not.
— Prov,
198— a, lon(;
ft'li as
fa'cial
ef face'
fa'tal
a gen cy
pa'tron
va'cant
ba zy
ma ni fic
sta tion
en gage'
ba bel
brace let
an cient
be came
azure
fa vour ite
pa rade'
pro fane
ha tred
va por ize
dra'per y
dis place
man ger
Copy the words and mark the long sound of a.
6
S'^ GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
199— cy, sy, zy
Jui cy
tip sy po sy
mazy
spi ay
fuss y pal'sy
diz zy
fan cy
moss y pro sy
era zy
fleecy
mass y Aim sy
breez y
mer cy-
drop sy glass y
driz zly
;
Dictation. — The elephant's trunk serves as a nose and
a hand. He uses it to pick up a pin, untie a knot, open a
door, tear oif large branches of trees, and feed himself.
200 — Drawing
point
line
crook ed
ver'ti cal
tor i zon'tal
per pen die u lar lengtli
ob li'que'^ breadth ra'di us
angle di ag'o nal ra'di i
di ani'e ter bor der
tri'an gle free-band
pen'ta gon dis tance
hex a gon per S23ec'tive
a cute'
ob tuse
ob'long
201
Copy :
The sun does not shine for a few trees and flowers, but for
the wide world's joy. The lonely pine on the mountain-
top waves its sombre boughs, and cries, "Thou art my
sun I " And the little meadow-violet lifts its cup of blue,
and whispers with its perfumed breath, ''Thou art my
sun ! " And the grain in a thousand fields rustles in the
wind, and makes answer, " Thou art my sun ! "—Beecher.
cream
choose
cheese
beg gar
ci dor
fi nSsse' ^
bead
blaze
ost1^ oflif.
an chor
cen tre
qI xxratTa
Proiiuiiclatiuii.- 1 OblCk'.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
83
J
202~Capitals
Bule.-k capital letter should begin every word or title denoting the Deity.
G5d
Lord
Christ
Jes us
Dei ty
The Son
The Word
The Lamb
The Fa ther
The Sav iour
The E ter na]
The In fi nlte
The Cre a tor
The Ho ly Spir it
The Om nip o tent
Je ho vah , The Al might y The Su preme Be ing
203
Dictation. —
The spacious firmament on high.
With all the blue ethereal sky,
And spangled heavens, a shining frame.
Their great Original proclaim.
The unwearied sun from day to day
Does his Creator's power display,
A.nd publishes to every land
The work of an Almighty \vdnd.,-^Addison,
See ing
squal'id
un couth'
col oured
o paqiie'
ra di ant
Touch ing
warm smooth
rough tep id
ttieek un e ven
204 — Known by
Smell ing
ran'gid
f ra grant
per fumed
o dor ous
ur o mafic
Tost ing
lus cious
pun gent
bit ter
in sip'id
de li'cious
Hear ing
clear
loud
in dis tinct'
ech o ing
muf fled
noisy
34 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
205 — Geography
What to write about a river : source, direction, mouth, for what
noted, cities on its banks.
Dictation. — The Rhine rises in a glacier in the Alps. It
flows northwest, across Germany, to the North Sea. It is
divided into Upper, Middle, and Lower Rhine. More than
a million travellers visit tlie ^Fiddle Rhine every year. The
river winds between hills. Sometimes they are covered with
vineyards. The famous Rhine wines are made here. There
are many ruins of castles, each of which lias an interesting
legend. Cologne is at the lower end of the Middle Rhine.
Take the difficult words as a spelling lesson. Write an account of a
river, using topics.
206
height
count er
la zi ly
ach Ing
re suit
awk ward
hes i tate
sur prise
con fess
bus i ly ^
spe ciai ^
quan ti ty
wrig gle
aca'cia^
mus cles
syl la ble
fir kin
gen tie man
vil lage
scold ed
anx i e ty
u su al ly
pro tect
gos sa mer
Arrange the words in columns according to number of syllables.
207
Dictation. — A monosyllable is a word of one syllable ; a
dissyllable, of two ; a trisyllable, of three ; a polysyllable, of
four or more. Pol'y means many.
Man is a monosyllable ; ma?i ly, a dissyllable ; man li er,
a trisyllable ; e man cipate, a polysyllable.
-Ok-'^Aw.
IfronuuciMiloM.— ^ bikiliy , - aka'sha or& ka'siiift ; a spSsh'al.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 85
208 — Homonyms
leaf, part of a tree or book ^ j base, mean ; foundation
lief, willingly ( bass, a part in music
great, large, noble , , , ^, .
grate, to rub ; iron frame 6 '^"^f > f ^^^h^^g ^
for fire ^ ^"^^^*' ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^-^^
heard, did hear
herd, of cattle
lain, reclined
lane, a narrow road^
7^
right, opposite of wrong
rite, a form i'
Wright, a workman ^
write, act of writing i 3
Q
Write the sentences, putting the right word in the right place,
I see the (7), and I approve it too.— Ovid It is a long
'^'^-(4) that has no turning.— P7'oi\ We all do fade as a (1).-^^
Bible. Do what .you i^), come what mav. Baptism is a
religious (7).^^ie (2) fighes eat up tjie little ones.—Skakes-
peare. I li^<\^^£LSMJly). A ship (7>,wm^in a ship-
yard. Have yoir(%) (g) against him ? It is af^ thing to
betray a man who, has trusted ^vLj-Prou. A bright fire
glowed in the (2). The bwjngYs)* winds slowly o'er the
lea. — Gray. I never dare to (Tj an funny as I can. — Holmes.
The book has (4) on my table several days, ^
i
209
— 0, long
■
pro pose'
so'cial
fo'li age
com mo'tion ^|
post pone
tro'che ^
di ous
en no ble ^U
en close
ro dent
CO pi ous
pre CO cious3 H
e lope
ro tate
gUf ri ous
vo'ta ry H|
en core' *
flo ral
de co'rum
post script WM
v»^itli hold
home ly
cor ro sive
no ti fy ^^t
Pronunciation.— laakir' ; a tro'kfi ; » pr^
ka'Bhta. rflii
80 OTtAFTON^ WORD AND SKNTENCl': BOOK
210— Apostrophe (')
( 1 To a singular noun add 'f> ; boy's
«ule.—7L'o denote possession -< 2 To a plural noun ending in » add (');
Sing.
girl
lady
mail
child
scliol ar
POss. Sing.
girl's
la dy's
man's
child's
scliol ar's
boys'; not ending in s add 's; women's.
I'iurul.
girls
la dies
men
chil dren
schol ars
Foss. Plural.
girls'
la dies'
men's
chil dren's
sc
hoi
ai*s
L
\ V -
211
Bielatlon. — The cat's claws are long, sharp, and curved.
A equirrers nest is built in a tree. A bee's cell is always
six-sided. A deer's antlers are longer tlian an ox's horns.
The fiy's wings are gauzy.
Rewrite the sentences, making all the names plural.
212
ab sence
fuzz
go plier
la p6l'
at 0111
cleat
ojriz zlv
loi'ter
bar gain
clev er
haz ard
lag gai'd
but ton
e clipse
liu iiioiir
loz enge
cat kin
en cir cle
jock ey
ma chine'
glut ton
fa tigue'
ker'o sene
med'i cine
/
213
Bletallon.— The shati.nv of the earth falling upon the
moon gives us an eclipse of the moon. Kerosene is made
from petroleum. The blossom of the willow is a catkin. A
lozenge has four sides.
/
aUAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
214— A Legend of the Rhine.
87
More than a thousand y^ars ago, Charlemagne, the great
' emperor, v^'arffurird in tho3/(/ historic city of Aix-la-Cha-
pelle. . He loved ihSbeautiful :^iiuo more than all ihAcd
of \mvust dominions. It had 'pretty villages all along its
borders, ri6'A fields of grain in its valleys,'^rtrM vineyiirds
on its hill slopes, and gray old castles on its7^/y// and rocky
peaks. A (iermau ley end says that his spirit, at a certain
season of the year, revisits the Khine. At InL^eUieim, on a
bridge of golden moonbeams, he Qi;osse8 the rivir and waii-
ders up and down its banks, ledvlny a Uessiny everywliere.
He then returns to his tomb and sleeps until the appointed
season comes again. .^
215
Rewrite tho legend, using words below in place of italicized words.
/ rul er ^ an cient ' I tow er iiig /Jfor tress es
Bto ry 9 ver dant I ex ten sive /at tract ive
roams t fruit fill sep iil clire ap pa ri'tion
slum bers be stow ing ^pic tur Ssque'
clen tombed c6l*e main der ben e dic'tion
stream
stat ed
^
216 —Masculine and Feminine
he ro her o ine beau
host host ess wiz ai-d
act or ac tress sir
god god dess bach e lor
heir heir ess wid ow er
jan i tor ja^i i tress man serv nut maid serv ant
proph et pro])h et eso land lord land la dy
bell©
mad am
maid ^pin ster
wid ovf
Copy the masculine naro^^ acd writ<^ from • iii,,rv tbf
feminine
opy tse leoiiiiuic iiMMca and wnLe from laemory ihm
masculine form for each.
/
88
GItAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
217~Opposite8
^ ab sent
be stow'
de stroy
free
(lis 2)erse
e merge
pre§'ent
re ceive'
con struct
cap'tive
as sera ble
im merge'
guilt'y
stub born
in te'ri or
fail ure
de crease'
em'i grate
in'no cent
yield ing
ex te'ri or
sue cess'
aug raent
im'ini grate
218
iyciaiaon„~The Pilgrim Fathers were forced to emi-
grate to America. Shall the Chinese immigrate to our
shores ? Venus is supposed to have emerged from the sea.
He said, "I am immerged in a sea of trouble."
•
Give the meaniug of emigrate, immigrate, immerge, and emerge.
219 — Synonyms
ef fort en deuv our
re past' col la tion
in close' en vel'op
de cide de ter mine
re vere ven er ate
spring'y e las tic
lack ing
out ward
down 'cast
a tone'
con fuse
de ride
de fi'cient
ex ter nal
de ject ed
ex'pi ate
be wil'der
rid i cule
I
»
lyv
220
^fet'TCTx''"''' 'i''^'''^ "' ^^'^ "^'^^^^^ I^all- French-Canadi-
ans revere^ie memory of J^ayal. You must not %-idTiU
unfortunate. Xoiioplion "rfe^V/V^lo march through the wil-
derness to the fcuu. A light heart gives a sm'i7ig^ step.
Rewrite the sentences, using synonyms for the words in italics.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCK BOOK 89
- j rap, to knock
( wrap, to cover
221 — Homonyms
( vain, UHeloKs ; proud
T) j vein, a blood-vessel
j peer, an equal ; a noblon-.an ^ ^'^"^' '*• ^veather-eock
(pier, su})port of i bridge ( draft, a bill of exchange
3 ( colonel, an army officer '' j '^''''''S^'^' ^'^''^'^^^ ^^ ^lii* ;
I kernel, central part of a nut iJ^"^^
, .^ ( cellar, an underground
] straight, direct < seller, one who sells
Copy the sentences, putting the right word in the right place.
(5) is the help of nvdn.—Bible. In song he never had his
{2).~Dri/de?i. Strive to enter in at the (4) gute.—Bible
He cut a (5) in his hand. (1) on the door. Shallow (6)s in-
toxicate the brain.~/V^. The (2)s were of granite. A (3)
commands a regiment. The (7) of wines keeps his stock in
a (7). A (5) was on the church-steeple. (1) up warmly for
the road is bleak. The (3) of the nut serves the squirre/ for
food.
222— i, lofiff
sa li'va
en vi ron
en ti tie
vi'o late
viy§Lry
piety
i'ci cle
pli a ble
di a ry
li a ble
si pbon
bi ped
Copy the words and mark the long sound of t.
braid ex am ine coax
beard ex cur sion skull
bloom de light ful hoarse
bleach in struc tion a piece
con fide'
com bine
re cite
sur mise
re quire
com i^rise
pi' rate
brin y
mi nus
li bel
li nal
vi per
ra zor
ven'ture
whith er
smoth er
90 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
223— Colour
di'ab
scar let
saf fron
ma roon'
ail ])iirn
pur pie
cit'riiie
mad der
rus set
sor rel
taw ny
mauve
1
ver mil ion
lav en der
ma ggn'ta
ul tra ma line'
Dic'ftilioii. — 'I'lie colours of the rainbow are red, orange,
yellow, <i:rct'ii, blue, indigo, and violet. Our national colours
are red, white, and blue. The famous Tyrian purple was
obtained from a Khell-tiHli.
224 — Geography
Topics for a city : Situation ; size ; for what noted.
Divtalioii. — The greatest fairs in the world are held at
Nizhni Novgorod, a city on the Volga River, in the centre of
Kussia. Nine months of the year it is deserted, but in the
autumn it is thronged with traders from all parts of Asia
and Europe. They come with tea from China, rare and
costly stuifs from India, rugs from Persia, and perfumery
from Turkey. The visitors number hundreds of thousands.
Write an account of a city, using topics. (
225 — Masculine and Feminine
drake
duck
czar
cza ri'na
liorse
mare
sul tan
sul ta'na
stag
liiud
earl
count ess
li on
li on ess
prince
prin cess
ti ger
ti gress
em per or
em press
ne gro
ne gress
ex ec'u
tor
ex ec'u trix
Pronunciation,—' raov.
GKAFTOX'S WORD / ) SE.\ TEN E BOOK 91
226- \po8tropi ( ' )
Rule
from a
.—An apostrophe '
word.
' u jdto.
iiow the omission of a
letter or letters
Till
is ii't
he's
lias iTt
Ave'll
I've
we're
he'll
tll(.
don't
I'll
can't
\\\\v
^nd'ii c
ne'er
it's
e'er
Avho'd
does n't
slui'ii't
'tis
'twas
they're
could n't
^vere n't
Write the contractions and tlie full word or words by the side of each.
227
Copy :
The lily is the natioiuil emblom of France ; the ro^e, of
England; the thistle,*of Seotlaiul ; the leek, of Wales; and
the 8hamrock, of Ireland. The latter is a three-leaved plant
of a clover bpecies, which tradition says Saint Patrick used
to illustrate the doctrine of the Trinity.
The Shamrock
Says Valour, '' See, .they sprincr for me.
Those leafy gems of morning.'"
Says Love, " No, no, for me they grow,
My fragrant path adorning."
But Wit perceives the triple leaves,
And cries, " 0, do not sever
A type that blends three godlike friends.
Love, Valour, Wit, forever.'"
— Thomas Moore.
doub le
har ness
mat ting
jew el ler
su pe ri or
sleet
to-moi' row
va ca tion
tacks
which ev er
twi light
sphere
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92
GKAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
228— Invitation
Miss Anna Cabot requests the
pleasure of the company of Miss
Edith Elliot at a birthday party,
on Thursday next, at five o'clock.
16 Exeter Street^
Monday, October first.
229 — Synonyms
a base
ab hor
a bide
ac quit
ac cede
a bau don
de grade
de test
so jourri
ab solve
com ply
for sake
ad age
ac cost
a dieu
a dorn
ad vice
ac quaint
max im
sa lute
good-bye
dec o I'ate
coun sel
in form
Alps
Rome
Seine
U'ral
Do'ver
Vol'ga
230 — Geography
Dan'id)e Gen'o a
Ven'ice
Bal'tic
Ber'lin
Mad'rid
Brus'selg
Ge ne'va
Sig'i ly
O des'sa
Vi en'na
Cau'ca sus
Gi brai'tar
Ve su'vi us
Ham'merfest
Ad ri at'ic
Land's End St. Pe'ters burg
Copy the words. Write opposite each what and where it is.
I
ik.
! ./
<
/
GRAPTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 93
231 — Homonyms
"Write the sentences, using the right word.
Better alone than in (bad, bade) company. Don*t give
(to, two, too) much for the whistle. Every thing comes in
(thyme, time) to (hymn, him) who can (wait, weight). He
who follows (two, too, to) (hares, hairs) is sure (two, too, to)
catch neither. It never (reins, rains, reigns) but it (pores,
pours). Men speak of the (faic, fare) as things went with
them (there, their). Out of (site, sight, cite), out of (mind,
mined). Time and (tied, tide) (wait, weight) for (know,
no) man. Where (there's, theirs) a will there's always a
(weigh, way). (Faint, feint) (hart, heart) ne'er (won, one)
(fare, fair) lady.
232 — u, long ; u as in rule
mu'tiny
du ti f ul
pu ri f y
cru el ty
mu tu al
lu di croua
flu'id
Cupid
glu ten
tu mour
fu ture
cu ri ous
Copy the words, and mark the long sound of u.
233— Natural Wonders of the Dominion of Canada
dis pute'
pro cure
in sure
di lute
en dure
pre sume
se elude'
de lude
as sure
a buse
a muse
al lure
La chine Kap ids
Ni ag a ra Falls
Chau diere Falls*
Gla cier of the Sel kirks
Sag ue nay Riv er
Chalk Lake
Mont mo ren cy Falls
Owl's Head
Banff Hot Springs
Cape Di a mond
Thous and Is lands
Na tion al Park
Write what each is, where, and for what celebrated.
Pronunciation.— 1 shO-jare.
\
94 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
234 — Acceptance
Miss Edith Elliot accepts with
pleasure the kind invitation of
Miss Anna Caljot for Thursday
nextj at five o'clock.
10 Conmion wealth Avenue,
Tuesday, October second.
235— Dictation
^ Canada imports tea from Sliangliui, fire-crackers from
Canton, rattan from Singapore,, bananas from Kin^fston,
figs from Smyrna, and raisins from Malaga. -
236 — Synonyms
fright, ter ror ; mirth, gai e ty ; art fiil, cun ning ;
shun, a void , hun ger, ap pe tite ; ref iige, a sy liim •
sue cour, as sist ; fer vent, fi e ry; rai ment, ap par el;
af flict, dis tress ; an guish, ag o ny ; o dour, a ro'ma.
237 — Christian Names and Surnames
Dictation.— The hofs name is John Hamilton Rice.
Rice 18 the family name, or surname. John Hamilton is
the Christian name. He sometimes writes his name J. H
Rice. J. and H. are the initials of his Christian name.*
An initial should be a capital and is followed by a period
<
K
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
C
95
238— Regrets
Miss Emma Fiske regrets that
she cannot accept the kind invi-
tation of Miss Anna Cabot for
Thursday next.
62 Forest Square,
Tuesday, October second.
239 — Sjmor^^ns L.
at tain, ac quire ; at tempt, strive ; bar ter, traf fie ;
austere', harsh; error, blunder; prudent,
cautious; witness, spectator; bard, poet;
at ten tive, mind ful ; bashful, dif fi dent ; beguile,
di vert ; blame, con demn.
240— Dictation
The houses of Japan are generally built of wood, because
earthquakes are frequent. The Japanese have no chairs, sofas,
or beds. They sleep upon mats on the floor. Their chief
food is rice. The ruler is styled the Mikado. Japan is a
kingdom of islands. Yokohama is the great seaport. The
people are the most progressive of the Mongolian race.
241
car a mel, lem on ade, liq'uor ice, sug ar-plura, bSn'bfto,
hore hound, macaroon', peppermint, gum-drop,
taf fy, con fee tion er, but ter-acotch, so da-wa ter.
9G
GRAFT(JN'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
242 — Abbreviations
Doc tor
Gov ern or
Pro f ess or
James
Rob ert
Dr.
Gov.
Prof.
Jas.
liobt.
Holmes and
doz en
gal Ion
street
av e nue
foot, feet
Elliot met on Pearl -
bought seven i^i^' "buttons. Four quarts make one
Three -— : make one yard.
Copy, and fill the blanks in the sentences with abbreviations.
doz.
gal.
St.
av.
ft.
He,
'\>-V'\-J
Skye
Spitz
puppy
set ter
col lie
poo die
mas tiff
point er
span iel
bull dog
243— Dogs
ter ri er
mon grel
shep herd
stag hound
re triev er
244
grey hound
St. Ber nard'
blood hound
black-and-tan
New 'found land
Dictation.— " The life of many a shepherd among the
Highlands of Scotland has been saved by his collie. The
shepherd, finding himself lost in snow or fog, turns to his
dog, and orders him to ' be off home.' He must speak in a
peremptory tone, almost angrily, pei'haps, else the faithful
animal will not leave him. He does leave him at last, how-
ever, with hanging head and tail. The shepherd notes the
direction and follows.'*
To the Teacher.— Let the pupils describe any of the dogs that they have
seen, and tell stories showing the intelligence, fidelity, and bravery of dogs.
/
doz.
gal.
st.
av.
ft.
He,
'>i^^y\^
1
and
the
The
his
in a
iful
ow-
the
bave
logs.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
246 — Homonyms
97
Write (lie sentenocs, choosing tho right word.
The past is not (holy, wholly) (vane, vain, vein), if rising
on its (wrecks, recks) to something nobler (we, wee) attain.—
Lonyfi'lhKr. In the morning (sow, sew) thy-^«cccl, cede).—
Bihh. Tlien he said, ''Good (knight, night)," und with
mu filed (o'er, oar, ore), silently (road, rowed, rode) to the
Charlestown shore. —Lo7i(j fellow. The heaviest (dews, dues)
fall on clear (nights, knights). The (pale, pail) light of the
moon is the reflection of the (son's, sun's) light. " (There,
Their) graves are green; they may be (scene, seen)," the
little (made, maid) yq^\\q([.— Words ivorth.
246 — Pronunciation
dauDt
twelfth
coine'ly
bel'lows *
brooch *
a dtilt'
com mand'
as sume'
njfmph
de sist'
a' re a
cask'et
crea'ttire ^
ad van(^e'
dig arm'
git'i zen
cou suiue'
diggbt'
gha gi'in' ^
dj^c'tile
247-
Geography
Dictation.— The Congo Free State is in Central Africa.
It is one-third the size of the United States. It is drained
by the Congo Kiver, one of the largest rivers in the world.
The soil is fertile. Coffee and cotton grow wild. About
25,000,000 negroes live there. Some of them live in stone
houses and cultivate the ground. Ivory has been their chief
export. A race of dwarfs, or pygmies, is also found in the
Congo forests, ^hey are skilful hunters, digging pits to
entrap elephants and hippopotami. They use poisoned ar-
rows in warfare.
Pronunclatlou.-i brOch ; a krC tAr ; s ehagrin' or Bha grSn' ; « bgl'lfii.
7
88
GRAFTOiVS WORD Ax\D SENTENCE BOOK
248— Superscription of a Letter
'
Col. G. ?>. AVaiTcii,
16 Bioad St.,
- Otta^va,
Out.
Draw three envelopes and address each as below, using abbreviations.
Doctor James Smith, Toronto, Oiitiirio.
Mister James Kussell Chaniberliii, Stunstead, Province of
Quebec.
Professor E. I. Badgley, ]5elloville, Ojitario.
249 — Animals
eik, lynx, mole, toad, ze'bra, cham'ois (sliiiniSva),
raccoon, i'bex, niar'mot, Jack'al, por'cu pine,
gazelle', musk'rat, liy e'na, car'i bou, o p5s'sum,
chim p^n'zee, guin'ea-pig, rlii n5c'e r6s, bab oon'.
250— The Camel
Dictation. — The camel is called '' the ship of the desert."
"Without it the great deserts could not be crossed. Its broad,
clumsy feet do not sink in the sand. Its eyes and nostrils
are protected from the sand-storms. The camel's hump is a
storehouse of fat, which furnishes food. The stomach is so
formed that it can carry enough water to last a week.
\
'I
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[i
y
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
251
99
blouge
breathe
el lipse
de spair
uiii pire
jun ior
a cora -
cis tern
clean ly
dah'lia
cm Hilde'
coirpon
com nierce
cour te ay
Cau ca sian
col an der^
fa mil iar
des'o late
de po^ it
ti'an 'som
veu'ti late
steppes
tru ly
vil lain
cut ler y
ha]) pened
oc ciirred
prec'i pice
252
In the older days of Art,
^ Builders wrought with greatest care
Each minute and unseen part ;
For the gods see ewerywherc.— Longfellow,
Copy, learn, and recite.
253 — Geography
The plants and animals of Australia are singular. Some
of the trees shed their bark instead of their leaves The
leaves are narrow and turn the edge towards the ground so
there is very little shade. The kangaroo is the largest ani-
mal. The mother carries her young in a pmich under her
body until they are old enough to take care of themselves
254 — Pronunciation
past'ure
pe'o ny
parse
se'rieg
8c4rge
lithe
nook
jaun'ty
5u'ward
queue ^''°>
fau'get
flaunt
gfts'ling
gOs'pel
gra' tis
greag'y
po'e sy
rSg'o lute
re cluse'
grAt'i tude
Pronunciation.-" kiiljlndgr.
I
100 (JUAFTUNS WORD AND SENTKxNCK BOOK
Bra zil'
Chi'li
Pan a ma'
Pa rii iiii'
Ec ua dor'
265 — Geography
A coil cil'gua
Val ])a rai'so
Ri'o Ja nei'ro
Bue'iios Ay'res *
Ma dei'ra
Co to pax'i
Mil rii jo' ^
Magel'laii .
(xiiayaquir^
Car ib be'an
Write in vertical columns : nunies | what | where.
256
pub lie
rum mage -^
skir mish
sol emn "*•
sjie cie •*-
8tam mer
tas sel
trel lia ^
tua sle
weap on
wel fare *
syr inge
257
monk piv ot -
mur mur part ner
mys ter y pliys ic
par a ble pi ous
par eel pi ra ey
mes sage pit i f ul
Copy:
From our ancestors come our names, but fi'om our virtues,
our honours. Manners ofteu make fortunes.
Dare to be true ; nothing can need a lie ;
A fault ^hich needs it most grows two thereby.
— George Herbert,
258
take takes took
write writes wrote
see sees saw
am is was
go goes went
tak en
Avrit ten
seen
been
gone
tak ing
writ ing
see ing
be ing
going
Pronunciatlou.— > bO'nHs a'riz ; » ma ra zhO' ; » gwl ft kSl'.
•/
1
.' a
inge
(}lt.\FT()N"S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
269~Dictation
101
Goods Jirc! curried over land by porters in Afrioa, by dogs
in Siberia, l)y llamas in the Andes, by camels on the desert,
by reindeer in Lapland, ami by horses and railroads in more
civilized countries.
The steamer ''Empress of India," from Bombay, passed
through the Suez Canal, laden with myrrh, cam])iior, nut-
megs, cassia, shellac, ambergris, asafetida, tapestry, matting,
cardamoms, and pomegranates.
260— Famous Buildings
Fo'riim
Louvre -
St. Mark's
St. Paul's
St. Pe ter's
Krgm'liu
Vdt'i can
Par'tlie noii
Col i se'um
C^t'a comba
Sans Sou gi'
fiif fer Tow er
Wind sor Cas tie
Win ter Pal ace
Dog'e's Pal ace
Orys tal Pal ace
Lean iug Tow er
Arch of Tri umph
Write where em;h building is found and something about it.
261 — Kings and ftueens of England
" First William, the Norman, then William, his son ;
Henry, Stephen, and Henry, then Richard and John.
Next Henry the Third, Edwards one, two, and three ;
And again, after Richard, three Henrys we see.
Two Edwards, third Richard, if rightly I guess ;
Two Henrys, sixth Edward, Queen Mary, Queen Bess.
Then Jamie, the Scotchman, then Charles whom they slew,
Yet received after Cromwell another Charles too.
Next James called the Second ascended the throne ;
Then good AMlliam and Mary togetlier came on ;
Till Anne, Georges four, and fourth William passed,
God sent Queen Victoria -, may she long be the last."
102 (JUAI'TOXS WORD AND .SENTENCE BOOK
262— Review
e rjis or
dic'tioii a ry
scythe
clayey
bar'y tone
mackerel
feign
tac'it
or'clit'H tra
jew'el ler y
ze])h'yr
gyp'«y
cjiin paigu'
veg'e ta bio
liq'uor
gent 'lire
ghur'i er
cas'ni mere
giz'zard
salm'oii
mouut'ain
Bar 8a pa ril'la
gey'bor
wool'len
263
al pac'a
par'lia ment
thief
dai'sy
Bal'a ry
cyl'in (ler
toi'let
doc'ile
boy'cott
ceni'e ter y
Thames
rep'tile
ox'y gen
am'e thv-'^t
ac'id
im'age
em'er y
Ra'leigh
pum'ice
cor'iiice
tur quoise'
huu'dredth
ber'yl
ci'pher
264
skep'tic
Ches'a peake
weird
can'cel
squal'id
ver'ti cal
myrrh
con cede'
squir'rel
de li'ciouB
which
pleas'ure
scholar
syl'la ble
straight
ped'dler
myr'i ad
ker'o sene
weap'on
vil'lage
wiz'ard
med'i ciue
syr'inge
griz'zly
lii
■t I
265
1 ci cle
ver mil' ion
a dieu'
tus'sle
rum'mage
Ni ag'a ra
col'lie
cer'tain
lun'cheon
sep'a rate
twelfth
cha grin'
Bur'name
pen i ten'tia ry
be lieve'
cot'tage
car'a mel
re ceived'
the'a tre
sup pose'
Bpan'iel
ex hi bi'tion
res'er voir
de vel'op
^
PART III
Copy :
266
Muko for yonrfiolvofi noMs of f)loiisji?if, flion^htp ! None of
us yet k?H)\v, for none of ns liuve been tuu^rht in early youth,
what fairy paiaceK wo may build of beautiful thoughts,'
l)roof againnt all adversity ;j bright fancies, sjitisfied memo-
ries, noble histories, faithful sayings, treasure-liouses of
precious and restful thoughts, whicih care cannot disturb,
nor pain make gloomy, nor poverty take away from us;
houses built without hands for souls to live \\\.—Ruskin.
In di an
spear
wig warn
warn pnm
moc ca sin
267— History
squaw scalped wil der ness
pap poose ship wreck suf fer ing
war rior ex ploi-e set tie ment
cal u met col o ny Eng lish
(lis cov er y per nia nent Dutch
tomahawk pioneers navigator Spanish
Bal bo'a
Cham plain'
Fran'cis Drake
Pon'ce de Le on'
Wal'ter Ea'leigh
Se bas'tian Cab'ot
A mer'i cus Ves pu'eius
Chris'to pher Co lum'bus
Fer'di nand de So'to
Bar thol'o mew Gos'nold
Write in vertical columns : name | a place discovered | date of dis-
covery.
Ex. : Balboa | Pacific Ocean | 1513.
n
104 (HiAKTON'S WOJtl) AND SENTRNCK BOOK
268— Prefixes
A pwfix irt a Hylliihlo or syllables joined to tlio beginning
of a word to chang(> itn meaning.
iiilw— wrojig, wrongly : miKuso, to nso wrongly.
111! — not ; unreal, not real.
iiiK : judge, deeds, place, call, von duct, d(ial, fit, fort une,
lead, j)ro nounee, i)rint, count.
111! : easy, buck le, de cid ed, loose, mar ried, a vvare, mer-
oit'ul, seasonable, skil ful, Ihiiiik I'ul.
Wrilo the words with tlio prefix. Write soiikmces, using five of the
words you Imve just made.
269— Dictation
The Indian inventec^ the snow-shoe and the l)irch canoe.
De Soto was buried in the Mississippi.
Ealeigh wrote on a window-pane, "Fain would I climb,
but that r fear to fall.'' Queen Elizabeth, seeing the line,
wrote below, *• If thy heart fails thee, do not climb at all.''
Florida was named in honour of Easter, the day on which
Ponce de Leon landed. The Spaiush name for Easter is
Piii<rna Florida.
270— Arithmetic
par
tAre
in dex
pro ceeds
prof it
as sets
ledg er
re ceipt
par tial
ra ti o
en dorse
rad i cal
spe cif ic
pre mi um
con niirn'or
niort gage ^ con sign ee '
pol i cy eon se quent
ex po'ueut cred it or
pro por tion
re cip ro cal
prom is so ry
ad va Id rem
ev o 111 tion
in \ o lu tion
li a bil i ties
Prouuuclatloii.— 1 mOrgaj.
GJIA
'»
m
I'-roN'S WORD AND SENTENCE IJOOK 105
271— Flowers
cal'la
phlox
sy rin'ir.'i
ver 1)0 na
fucli'si a
mag iio'li a
o le an'der
co'le us
pe tu'iii a
wis ta'ri a
6x'a lis
a za'le a
(•ye' la lueji
ca iiierii a
he'li tiope
ar bu'tus
laik'spui-
he pat'i ca
geu'tian
(hiffo (111
coruni bine
uii gnon ette'
272
a nern'o ne
j)or til la'ca
a lys'sum
be go'iii a
clein'a tis
gla dio' lus
tube' rose
jon'(piil
nar cis'sus
Has tur'tium
rho do deu'dron
Flower, ill tlio cninniod wall,
I pluck you out of the oraniiios ;—
Hold you here, root, jind all, in my hand.
Little flower— but if I could understand
What you are, root and all, and all in all,
T should know what God and man m.— Tennyson,
Copy, lejtrn, and recite. ,
cu ti cle
mil" a cle
ob sta cle
par ti cle
spec ta cle
trea'cle
inau a cle
2V3— cle, cal
lyi'i('al clerical
spher ic al crit ic al
sur gic al cyn ic al
trag ic al whim §i cal
op tic al pnic ti cal
clas sic al phys ic al
com ic al med ic al
hys ter'ic al
sym met ric al
i den tic al
gram mat ic al
an a lyt ic al
e nig mafic al
emblematical
lOG
(JKAFTON'S WOK I) AND SKNTKNCI'] BOOK
274 -Sometimes Confused'
sciilp'ior, !i carver of stoiio.
Iljrlitoii iiijr, (,) mnko light.
Iig:lit'iiiiiir, oU'ctric Ihisli.
pa'iioiifs, sick people.
|)a'ti(Mi(MS ciulunuico.
dljoa^je', illiieisB.
do ^:<iaso', death.
St udy tlie spelling nud doflnil ions. Write sentences, tjsin^r t he words.
sciilpt'uro, ai'l. of carvinsjf
{trophosy, to foretell.
proph'ocj^, a i)re(lictiou.
pro eodo', to go before.
proceed', to advance.
275
1. Tliw (proplioRv, ]>rophecv) was fulfilleci. 2. Let us run
with (patience. i)atieiits) the ra.c(> that is set before us.—
./h'Mc. '.]. (Ligliteiiiug. Ligiituiug) must always (proceed,
precede) thunder. 4. Kajo\ (he kingdom after "n v ((hn-ease,
disease). ~^V/r//r.s/;m;r. 5. Phidias was a fanu)us (sculpture,
sculptor) of ancient (JreC^ce. (1. The captain ordered the
(lightning, lightening) of the vessel. 7. The renuHiy is
worse than the (disease, decease).— *S7/y?^r.7>m/Y'. 8. The
physician cured many (patience, putients). 'J. He forth on
his journey did (precede,, })roceed). 10. The Greeks orna-
mented their temples M'ith (sculptor, sculpture).
Write the sentences, soleeting the ri^ht words.
276 — Geography
Aberdeen' Altai' Ath'ens Bai'kal
Adriat'ic Ani'ster dam At'las B^n'goi-
Ant'werp Aus'tri a Bdii kftk'
Ap'eii nines A zores' Ba'ton Rouge
Areli iln'gel Ba hd'nui Bel'gi iiiii
As tra klian' Bixh i'a Ben gkV
A c^uriias
Al'ba ny
A leu'tiau
Al giei's'
Write in a column, putting opposite each tvhat and where it i^
-^.
ri
ORAKTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 107
277— Grammar
noiii'i liji five
ob ject'ive
])()H ses'sive
Ji]) po si'tion
com'pio inent
nn te cod' en t
con ju gji'tion
(le clen'sion
com pm'i son
pas sive
in (lic'.'i tivo
])()s'i five / sul) junc'tive
com pur'a, fcive po ten'tial
/
su pcr'lii tivc
iiux Win vy
pai'ti el [)1(3
in fin'i tive
trnii'si tive
irrco-'ii Ifip
278— Dictation
co-or'(li nate
snb oi'Mi nate
(le clai''a, tive;
im per'a tive
ex clam'a to ly
in terrog'a tive
AgOR jigo Wmv. \v(u-o largo j)iT!o forosfK in tlio northern
part of (ierniany. Anibor is tlio iiardonod gmn of a pine
two.. After a storm groat quantities are found in the sea-
weed that lias been washed on the southern shore of the
Baltic Sea. Insecits and i)ieees of the cones are sometimes
found in the amber. It is used for makiiig beads, necklaces,
earrings, mouthpieces of i)ipt>s, and is burned for perfume.
279— History
pillory delusion Puritan
mas sa ere per se cute cav a lier'
de fi ance em i grant a trog'i ty
- pal i sade' treacli er y an thor i ty
am bus cade pes ti lence - pros 2)er i ty
witch craft dif fer ent tol er a'tion
cliar ter
ex tent'
treat y
Qualv er
am bush
fmn'tier
Al fred the Great
Jac(|ues Car tier
John Mac Don aid Pon ti ac
Al ex an der Mac ken zie
Gen er al Brock
10b GHAFTONS WORD AND SENTKN('E BOOK
280— Prefixes*
«ll« — not ; (iiwillow, not allow.
re — ngjiin : reset, set ugai.i.
dis : believe, ngree, credit, trust, content, courteous, regard,
loyal, oblige, approve.
re : appear, create, gain, ascend, insure, join, assure, open,
deem, build, capture.
Write the words with prefix added. Divide tliesc words into sylla-
bles. Mark the vowel sound in the aeeeuted syllable. Give the nieuu-
iiigs of the derivative words.
281— Mollusks
n i
il
mus'sel *
whelk
squid
qna'haiig '
bar'na cle
scal'lop
cow ly
lim'pet
cut'tle
iiau'ti Ills
inftl'lusk
per'i wink le
whorl
spii'e
a'pex
sut'ure
feel'ers
ap'er ture
ven'tral
dor' sal
or'i iice
si'phon
biVd,lve
ten'ta cles
Learn of the little nautilus to sail,
Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale.
— Pope.
282— Dictation
" We meet," said Penn, '' on the broad pathway of good
faith and good will. No advantage shall be taken on either
side, but all shall be openness and love. The friendship be-
tween you and me I will not compare to a chain ; for that
the rains might rust or the falling tree might break. We
are the same as if one man's body were to be divided into
two parts ; we are all one flesh and blood."
• See list of preflxea iu Part IV. PruiiuuclaKiou.-i rnQs's'l ; a kwft'hOg.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
109
leg a cy
in fan cy
de cen cy
se ere cy
re gen cy
flu en cy
va can cy
283— cy, sy
ur gen cy in'ti ma cy
cur ren cy ex i gen cy
con Stan cy eel i ba cy
fal la cy con spir'a cy
clem en cy ac'cu ra cy
bi'ill ian cy e mer'gen cy
buoy an cy eom'pe ten cy
lier e sy
ec sta sy
em bas sy
jeal ous y
min strel sy
lep ro sy
hy poc'ri sy
(
affect : The snn
effect : Every
284— Often Confused
-8 the earth witli cold and heat.
has its cause.
in gen'ious : James Watt Avas an boy.
ingen'u ous : Deceitful is the opposite of .
ve rac i ty : A man of is always believed.
vo rac i ty : The of tlie shark is well known.
lin i meut : is a kind of ointment.
liu e a ment : Six wings he wore to shade
His s divine. — Milton.
285 — Geography
Ber irfiiMas Bfts'po rus Cal la'o Cin cin na'ti
Beiiie B5th' ni a Ca r^c' cas Col o ra' do
Bogota' Brook'lyn C^s'pi aii Co pen ha'gen
Bom bay' Ca'diz Cay enne' ^ Cor' si ca
Bor deaux' ^ Cai'ro Ce vennes' ^ Cri me'a
Bor'neo Calcut'^a Cliarles'ton Detroit'
Copy words. Write opposite each lohat and where it is.
Pronunciation.—' bOr do' ; a k& ygu' or kl 6n' ; « sit vgnn'.
110 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCP] BOOK
286— Diseases
gout
croup
a'gue
mum[ s
fe'ver
grippe
can'cer
col'ic
ca tai'rh'
asth'iua
mea'gleg
ulcer
ab'scess
jauu'Jice
quin'gy
scurVy
ty'plioid
scr6f' u la
writs
re gist
mobbed
war I'aut
uu ion
suf fi'aofe
of fi'cial
re doubt' lib'er ty
in flu eu'za nau'ne a ^^^^^
cliil'blaiu pleu'ri sy
ver'ti go de lir'i urn
287— History
bul let ef fi gy
pow der al li ance
ram part as sem bly
car tridge pro bib it
pa'tri ot tax a tiou
re pealed' tyr'an ny
lui li'tia op pres sion
hem 'or rliage
rheu'ma tism
neu ral'gi a
pueu mo'ni a
dys pep'si a
pa ral'y sis
dipli the'ri a
liy dro plio'bi a
gov eru ment
in de pend'ent
d6c la ra'tion
ca lam'i ty
v6l un teer'
e vac'u ate
v&v o lu'tion
u ni ver'sal
r6p re gent'
288— Dictation
Breathes tliere tlie man, witli soul so dead,
Who never to himself hath said,
This is my own, my native land !
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burn'd.
As home his footsteps he hath turn'd,
From wandering on a foreign strand ?
—Sir Walter Scofi's Lay of the Last Minstrel,
Canto VI., St. 1.
v^
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
289— Prefixes
111
f h?l»l*r?^?K 1 *i® ^'^ ^^^^'^ °^ * "^"""^ *°^ *^« ^»« ^««er of the prefix arc
the same, both letters are kept.
nerve
S2)ell
spend
step
en gage
sat is fy
con 'science
con'scious
ca pac'i ty
ca pa'cious
te nac'i ty
te na'cions
pre €09' i ty
pre co'cioua
un nerve
mis S2)ell
mis spend
mis step
re en gage
dis sat is fy
e cho
e lect
le gal
sev er
nior tal
sini i lar
re e clio
re e lect
il le gal
dis sev er
im mor tal
dis sim i lar
290— Cious
a troy'i ty
a tro'cions
mal'ige
ma li'cious
av'a rice
ava ri'cioua
ea piice'
ca pn 'cious
vice
vi 'cious
vi vac'i ty
vi va' cious
sa gac'i ty
sa ga'cious
ju di'cial
ju di' cious
291— Dictation
Candles are made of tallow, wax, spermaceti,' and paraf-
fine.' ^
Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.
In v/eaving cloth, the woof crosses the warp.
The fly, sitting upon the axle of a chariot wheel, said
" What a dust do I raise ! " '
Aristotle '^ and Plato were the most distinguished philoso-
phers of antiquity/
Fronuiiclaaoii.-»8perma86'ti; ^pSi'Mfln; »ar'i8tot-l; » an tik'wl tj.
113 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCR HOOK
I j ac cept/, to tako
( ex cc'pt', to lojivo out
., i iul vice', counsel
/v A
( H(l vise', to give (!ouii8cl
ut tend'uiice, act of wait-
292 — Sometimfis Confused
^ j I'or'mer ly, time i)aHf;
( formal Iv, in a formal w
3
mg on
ay
sta'tionary, fixed
'» -j Kta'tion er y, i)ai)cr, peu8,
etc.
at tend'ants, those who ^. ( pop'Q lous, full of people
attend.
( pop'fi laye, the people
Make oral sentences, using llie words above.
i
293
China is a (0) cQiintry. \\'ilj you (1) my (2) ? King
Arthur had brave (.^). Tlie (oj swarmed in the streets.
' (4) buffaloes roamed over the Great Plains. A '(5) engine
drew the car tq the top of the hill./ The (3) was large at
every lecture (1) the first. I shall no more ^f2) thee. A
stationer sells (5)?^ The meeting was '(4) opened by the
president.
Write the sentences, using the right word from the list above.
294 — Medicines
al um
tan'gy
pot ash
sen na
pep sm
ip'e €a*;
i'o dine
cal'o mel
ac'o nite
poul tice quas'si a '
ton ic
au'ise
ar'ni ca
tinct'tire
s^s'sa fi'^s
qui'nine ^
hel la (l6n'na
va le'ri an
am mo'ni a
dig i ta'lis
gly^'er ine ca tliar'tic
cas'tor-oil par e gor'ic
mag ne'si a ^ lau'da num clilo'ro form
Pronunciation.— 1 kwl'nine or kwl nine' ; "kwOsli'I a ; » mSg nS'zhl a.
I
riml way
r, pcus,
})oopl9
pie
P King
streets.
' engine
large at
hee. A
by the
ve.
l6n'iia
i an
•'ni a
i'lis
•'tic
ror'ic
form
zhi a.
GUAKTON'S WOUD AND SENTENCE IJOOK
295— Suffixes
113
A siifTlx is a syllahlp or syllahlos joined to the ondof a word to change
its meaning.
VEima
ed, difl : talker?, did talk ; cii, to make : short^w, to make
short ; Ing, continuing : talk%, continuing to talk.
sueered length en short en pitch ing
moist en wid en
whit en fright en
damp en straight en
mount ed
round ed
de vised
touch ing
sour intj
i ron ing
296 — ar, er, or, our.
tu bu lar
tab u lar
pop u lar
cir cu lar
cal en dar
sec u lar
mus cu lar
bear er
lodg er
cor o ner
mourn er
strag gler
vend er
in trud'er
vie tor
val our
tu tor
tre mor
trai tor
toi' por
suit or
ju ror
Ha vour
ru mour
or a tor
stu por
sjilen dour
sur vey or
297— Comma
JJuic.-NounB in apposition, with their modifying words, are separated by
oonunas. ^
Dictation.— ^Esop, the author of ^Esop's Fables, was a
slave.
The largest city in the world is London, the capital of
England.
Milton, the great English poet, wrote ''Paradise Lost''
after he became blind.
Daniel Webster, the great statesman, died with the words
" I still live," on his lips.
Greece, the most noted country of antiquity, was a little
larger than half the State of New York.
8
114 GRAPTOX'S WORD AND SENTRNCR BOOK
whig
tar iff
con gress
pa role'
298— History
2)}ia'laiix re bel lion co a li tion
pa rade'
j)a ti'ol
mar tial
scab 'hard block ade
pass'port pen sion
Blav er y in deni ni ty
deni o crat fed er al ist
cliaj) lain nia iKvii'vre
nion i tor re [nib'li can
l)oni bard' in aug u rd'tion
299
Breathes there the man, with soul so dead.
Who never to himself hath said.
This is my own, my native land !
Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned.
As home his footsteps he hath turned
From wandering on a foreign strand ?
— Scott.
Copy, learn, and recite.
Copy:
Gen er al
Gen.
Colonel *
Col.
Ma'jor
MaJ.
Cap'tain
Capt.
300 — Oflftcers in the Army
Lieu ten'ant ^ Lieut.
Ser'geant ^
Cor'po ral
Quar ter mas'ter
Pay maa'ter
Sur'geon
Serg.
Corpl.
Q. M.
P.M.
Surg.
Which officer ranks highest ? lowest ? What are the duties of Quar-
termaster ? Paymaster ? Surgeon ? Who is eomniauder-in-ehief of
the militia of the Dominion ? Using the abbreviated title, write the
names of the great generals you have seen ; of those you have heard
about.
Pronunciation.— ikQr'nel ; a m tSn'ant ; a sar'gent.
ion
ni ty
lint
I'vre
li can
I rd'tion
cott.
Serg.
Corpl.
Q. M.
P.M.
Surg.
's of Quar-
n-ehief of
, write tlie
ave heard
(JliAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK Hfi
301— Suffixes— Nouns
er, ono who : builder, ono who buihlH.
ne«», Htate of being : [Wncxs, Ktuto of boing ill.
sing er
wait er
start er
catch er
think er
preach er
la l)our er
lect ur er
ex am in er
(leaf ness soft neaa
firm nesM sweet ness
swift ness round ness
fierce ness prompt ness
com niand er hard ness wretch ed ness
Speak clearly, if you speak at all,
Carve every word before you let it Ml.^Holmea,
302— ise, ize
chas tise'
crit'i cise
cat e chise
ad ver tise
ex er cise
bap tize'
cap size
re'al ize
i dol ize
civ il ize
mer chan disc cen tral ize tan ta lize
en ter prise le gal ize dram a tize
a pol'o gize
har'mo nize
gal va nize
fer ti lize
col o nize
or gan ize
mag net ize
sym pa thize
8ol em nize
rec og nize
p^t ron ize
mem o rize
303— Bamboo
Dictation.— The Chinese use bamboo in over five hun
dred different ways, l^lie farmer builds his houses and fences
with It, his furniture is made from it, while the tender shoots
furnish a delicious food for his table. Chopsticks for eat-
ing, the pipe for smoking, the broom for sweeping, the mat-
tress to lie upon, the book to study from, the hat to Rcrpon
the head, the paper to write on, and the pencil to write with
are a few of the ways in which a Chinaman uses bamboo.
I i
116 fJlJAl-
TONS WORD
AND SENTKN(M<1 BOOK f
304— Army Worda
8ul (licr
pla t(T<")ii'
sen try
1
sieffe 1
com pji ny
bat ta 'ioii
[)ie'k et
sutler
' rep; i iiunit
sword ^
iViii form
re emit'
})ri Li;ri(le'
sa'bre
viiap'sat'k
hos pi tal
(ll vis'Ioii
bay'oii ct
can teeii'
gai" ri son
corps ^
pis tol
cp'aii let
conn' ter sign
iu'fiiiit ly
car'biiui
bag gage
eourt-mar'tial |
am niu nl'tion i
• cav'al ly
iiius ket
cftis'soii
ar til'le ly
ri fle
biv'oiiac ^
for ti li ca'tion m
eu gi ueei's'
can iiou
fur'lougli
in treneh'ment 1
305
Farewell the neipjliinp: stood, and the Khrill trump,
The spirit-stirring drum, tlie ear-piercing life.
The royal banner, and all the quality,
Pride, pomp, and cireumstiwiee of glorious war !
— Shakespeare.
There never was a good war or a had peace. — Franklin.
Copy, learn, and recite.
306 — Geography
Gal ves ton Hani buric
Gan'ge;^ ILi wai i ^
Green meh^ Ilay'ti
Eu phra'tes Gui a'na Ilin dos tan' La Giiay'ra
Fin is tCi're' Guin'ea IIo ang'lio Leg' horn
Flor ence Hao-iie Hu'ron Je ru'sa lera
o
Copy the '»i!*v»?'vu , ^jutting opposito oaoh tvhnf nntl ivhere it is.
ProiHjaciatlon.— ikor; 2 sDrcl ; 3 Wv'wilk ; < grgn'Ij ; »liawl'5.
Dres den
E gypt
Elbe
Ju'ra
Lab ra d«3r'
La do'ga
OltAFTON'S WOIU) AND SKNTIINCK HOOK II7
It'
tal
er sign
iiiir'tial
ui'tiou
i ca'tiou
ich'meut
ip.
r !
'ankUn.
307 — Synonymi
A(ljarp))f lands ; rniifhjHoua Iiouhos ; ndjnhiiwfj fiolds.
A iHU'Bon sn/iri/s, cn/rru/s, and hrsfrr/n's from nwessity ;
and, in ti state of distroBS, .sttppfica/rs and itH/ihircs.
7h/i(tits (Wucoiirt^c ; vrnrisoine niarcli ; firemme journey;
irksanir toil.
Chver triok ; adroif ])ick-])(K'l<ot ; dej'ferouft swordsman ;
expert oarsman ; xkilfvl physician ; UKjcnioiis niuchanic ;
viventi'vo brain.
The words iu iUlica ure to be studied.
308 — Relating to Disease
e flier
bro'inlne
e lix ir
re^'i pe
e met ic
o'pi ate
au rist
oc u list
aii'o (lyiie
sed a tive
liar cot'ic
pan a ce'a
so lu'tioii
stim u laiit
hie cough
au ti dote
ep i deiii'ic
sj^^'cial ist
gas trie
scrof u la
ma la'j'i a
symp torn
ap o plex y
pilar ma cy
hyp'uo tism
a poth e ca ry
2)re scrip tion
eou va les'eeiit
309— Dictation
ra
) ra dor'
do'ga
Giiay'ra
fhorn
'u'sa lera
13.
il wl'5.
Si
Yonr voiceless lips, flowers ! are living preaohors.
Each cnp a pulpit, every leaf a book,
Supplying to my fancy numerous teachers."
The trees are now in their fullest foliage and brightest
verdure ; the woods are gay with the clustered flowers of the
laurel ; the air is perfumed by the sweetbriar and the wild-
rose ; the meadows are enamelled with clover blossoms ; while
the young apple, the peach, and the })lum begin to swell,
J iireeu leaves.—
cherry to glow among
'vtn(/.
118 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SKNTRNCE BOOK
310— Suffixes— Adjectives
cr, moro : weaker, moro weak.
c»l, inont : weakest, moHt weak,
l«li, like : girlisli, like a girl.
fill, full of : i)eaceful, full of peaee.
■l€?««, without : hearilcHH, without heart.
Add cr, est — great, Binooth, shallow, cheap, deep, young,
Boft, cold, tough, ])roud, prompt.
Add ish — heatheu, yellow, elf, pagan, wai-p, churl.
Add /■/</ — pain, faith, sorrow, glee, rest, mirth.
Add less — home, worth, guilt, aim, match, peer, fear,
money, house, heed, use.
f :
311 — Arithmetic
in sur'er cer tif i cate nom 1 nal ly
as sess or cor po ra'tion in vest rnent
tax a ble part ner ship uu'der wri ter
guar an tee' stock hold er ap pli ca'tiou
re al es tate val u a'tion il lus tra tion
di rect or ac cu rate ex pi ra tion ex pla na tion
grace
poll
stock
lev ied
in coine
;
Copy :
312
The friends thou hast, and their adoption tried,
(Irapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel ;
Costly thy habit as thy purse can buy,
Wwi not expressed in fancy ; rich, not gaudy ;
Neither a borrower nor a lender be ;
For loan oft loses both itself and friend.
This above all,— to thine own self be true ;
And it must follow, as the n.ight tlie day.
Thou canst not then be false to any man.
— Shakespeare,
iK
sp, young.
iri
leer, fear.
nal ly
t ment
[' wri ter
ca'tiou
tra tion
ua tion
3d,
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
313— The Church
eld er al tar
119
tab'er na cle pas tor
tern pie priest trust ee' shrine
s^n'a g^gue arch bish'op ves'try man tran sept
ca the'dral car'di nal sex ton chan eel
chap el mis'sion a ry chor is ter pul pit
mosque ^ cftl'port eur pre c6n'tor sAc'ri l6ge
cler gy dea'con stee pie sAnct'u a ry
314 — Legend of Robin-Eedbreast
*' Bearing^ his cross, while Christ passed forth forlorn.
His Godlike forehead by the mock crown torn,
A little bird took from that crown one thorn.
To soothe the dear liedeemer's throbbing head ,
That bird did what she could ; His blood, 'tis said,
Down dropping, dyed her tender bosom red.
Since then no Avanton boy disturbs her nest ;
Weasel nor wild cat will her young molest j
All sacred deem the bird of ruddy breast."
Coj)y, learn, aiid recite.
B^c'ra ment
serv ice
mat ins
bap tism
lit'a ny
lit'ur gy
ves pers
cSr'e mo ny
315
rit'u al
com mun'ion
ser mon
prdy'er
siir'plice
cru'ci fix
ro'ga ry
cen ser
m cense
hynm book
lai ty
dis ci'ple
rec to ry
par son age
pen i tence
right'eous ness ^
sj)eare.
Pronunciation,— ■ mdsk ; ^rt'chfis ngs.
120 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
316 — Synonyms
Ahnvdon an oiitorjirifio, (lof^crf a post, Ipavo the ooniitry,
formk'c evil compiUiioiis, reUnqnish a claim, qin'f Imsiiiess,
resifjn an otlice, renounre the world, ahdicate a throne, snr-
rc/tdcr a town.
A /(Ufc if 1(1 notion, fmitastic dress, visionary scheme, m-
pricioNs temper, whimsiml writer, rmat/iNar// good.
A //m/^c or valiant soldier, fmrlcss of danger, courageous
general, intrepid conduct, undaunted resolution, valorous
in combat.
Copy tlie words in if alicvs. Separate them into syllables. Mark the
vowel sounds iu the accented syllables.
Mi
ii
pit e on a
bouii te ous
Ji'que ous
gas e ous
liid e ous
nan seoiis ^^^"^^
du te ous
317 — e ous, i ous
spu ri ous
de lii' i ous
du bi ous
iin'pi ous
ab ste'ini ous
coin uio di ous
am pliib i ous
cu ta'ne oiis
er I'o ne ous
il lus tri ous
spon ta ne ous
puuc til i ous
su per cil'i ous
mis eel la ne ous
318 — Provincial Legislation
Though many important laws have been pas.sed by the
Dominion Parliament, equally important measures have
been enacted by the Provincial Legislatures. These laws
deal with education, liquor traffic, railways, asylums, prisons,
timber limits, mining, and municipal government.
The Provinces have not the right to raise money by
duties levied upon imports ; but they may impose taxes
upon cori)orations and even individuals.
m
^
country,
busincKS,
one, .swr-
icme, ca-
1.
urageous
ralorous
Mark tlie
GRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 121
319
" Tho Run AViiR pouring its rays n2)on tho desert,
when a luilted for and repo8e. The tents were
for shade, the were unhukui, and each tired , reclin-
ing ui)on tlie sand, ]m favourite of the pipe, or
to one of tliose long, dull tales, with which the of the
East arc wont to amuse each other in their through
the desert."
cam el8 lis teiied A i-a'bi an in hab i tants
en joyed car a van nie rid i an jour'ney ings
lux 11 ry ar ranged Mus'sul man re fresli ment
V/rite the puragmiih, ftlling the blanks with words from the list.
r>iis
MIS
ous
e ons
I ous
. 1 ous
I ne ous
'. by the
es have
?se laws
prisons,
)ney by
56 taxes
lens
con 'cave
tel'e scope
mi'cro scope
bat'ter y
ba rom'e ter
tLer mom e ter
320— Physics
e lee tric'i ty
in'su late
gal van'ic
plio'no grapli
mag'net ism
mo men'tum
ve loc'i ty
321— ant, ent
grav'i ty
CO h
e sion
pres sure
suc'tion
pneu mafic
hy dro stat'ic
e qui lib'ii um
el'e gant
as sail'ant
dil'i gent
ig no rant cov'e nant cMir voy'ant
assistant arrogant com' bat ant
in dul gent in clem'ent be nef i cent
af fin ent de pend ent con sist ent bel lig er .ent
ascend'ant ex pe'di ent defendant impertinent
, !l!:
122 GKAPTON'S WORD AxNI) SENTENCE BOOK
322— Suffixes— Adjective and Adverbial
ly— like, maimer : womanly, like a woman ; calmly, in a
calm manner.
ou«— fnll of : mischievous, full of mischief.
able, Ible — can be : eatable, can be eaten.
un just
Ian guid
se cure
se ri ous
sjDite ful
un u su al
dread ful
un just ly
Ian guid ly
se cure ly
se ri ous ly
spite ful ly
un u su al ly
dread ful ly
real
meek
court
an nu al
in tent
foi* mer
f re queut
323— ous
grief
vice
stud y
la b(nir
in dus try
griev ous
joy ous
vi cious
stu di ous
la boi* i ous
in dus tri ous
pore
ri ot
glo ry
dan ger
mur der
ma la'ri a
re al ly
meek ly
court ly
an nu al ly
in tent ly
for mer ly
fre quent ly
porous
ri ot ous
glo ri ous
dan ger ous
mur der ous
ma la'ri ous
324— able, ible
pay a hie cul pa ble fal li ble au di ble
blam'a ble a vail a ble fea'si ble leg i ble
tarn a ble ex cus a ble ed i ble dis gern'i ble
teachable receiv'able liorrible permissible
ten a ble in fldm'ma ble f u si ble sus cep ti ble
ble des'pi cable forcible responsible
capa
af fa ble in im'i ta ble sen si ble
m coi' ri
gi
ble
E gyp'tian
Moor isli
Ro man
Goth ic
Nor man
Dor ic
I 6n'ic
ORAPTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE ROOK
325 — Architecture
fa gade'
133
pin'na cle aisle
tow er min'a ret trtiss
spire por'ti co
col on iiade' can o py
niche
groin
bdl'co 11^
bal lis trade' vo lute'
scroll
cor' nice
Co liu'thi an cap i tal
dor mer
fes t(H)n'
6'ri el
ped'i ment
ped es tal
Basket and Acanthus Plant. Corinthian Capitai,.
326— Legend of the Corinthian Capital
A young girl of Corinth died, and her nurse oollocted the
articles which she had loved, put them in a basket on her
grave, and laid a tile on top of it. By chance the basket
was placed on the roots of an acantlius plant, and this,
sprouting in the spring, partly covered the basket with its
leaves, some of which, reaching the tile, turned downward,
as shown in the picture.
An architect named Callimaclius,' who happened to see
it, was struck by its beauty, and thought it would make a
fine capital for a column, and by changing it a little he
made the Corinthian column, wliich thus got its name from
Corinth. — Fo^^^i^ Folks' CydopiBclia.
Read the story and re-write it in your own words.
Pronunciation.— 1 kal lima kue.
124
ill.
i.i!
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
327— Suffixes
JBu^c. -Silent e is dropped before a Buffix beginning with a vowel.
Add ing : Rtrive, oblige, come, scare, blame, edge, rescue
Add isli: thieve, rogue, etyle, white, blue, kuave, brute
Add al : remove, primo, arrive, doctrine
Add ous : grieve, virtue, uerve
Add adle : sale, value, cure, move, believe, deplore, improve
Write the derivative words.
e'qua ble
suit a ble
laud a ble
pit i a ble
a gree a ble
vul'nerable
at tain 'a ble
328— able, ible
im mov'a ble
ir'ri ta ble
de plor'a ble
ter ri ble
vis i ble
cred i ble
el i gi ble
329
plau si ble
in del i ble
i ras ci ble
di gest i ble
ir re sist i ble
com bus ti ble
con tempt i ble
I>ictalioii. — Sucli a starved bank of moss— •
Till, tliat May-morn,
Blue ran the flash across ;
Violets were born ! — Robert Browning.
330
ac crue
a cliiev^e'
a gliast
ba zaar'
ca det
a thwart'
vict uals ^
cro chet ^
bou qiiet ^
bru nette'
con geal' car toon
ath'lete
bou'doir *
cal lous
burg lar
dul cet
druff cret daunt'less
con quer
al'ien
^I'oes
anx ious
biig'and
*& &
Prouunclatlon.— 1 vlt'lz ; a krAsha' ; » bd&kS' ; * h6b dwOr'
GRAFTON'S '
VVOllD AND
SENTENCE
HOOK 1aJ5
331
.
Brood of
Flock of
Crowd of
Fleet of
Suite ' of
chick ens
sheep
geese
pco pie
ships
rooms
at ten dants
Class of
Clump of
Clus ter of
boys
Gang of
trees
grapes
Drove of
plants
slaves
thieves
shrubs
stars
cat tie
buf fa loes
Suit of
Shock of
Shoal of
ar mour
Team of
dogs
corn
fish
Herd of
deer
Crew of
ox en
Bevy of
Lit ter of
swine
sail ors
hors es
mules
dam sels
pigs
cam els
el e phants
Copy, and add to ea<;li list any words that can properly be used in
the way indicated.
332
Dictation. — Do not think of your faults ; still less of
others' faults ; in every person whc comes near you, look for
what is good and strong ; honour that ; rejoice in it ; and as
you can, try to imitate it ; and your faults will drop off like
dead leaves, when their time comes. — Buskin.
333— Difficult Dissyllables
ey'ry
la'va
ma rine'
di§ dain'
eye'let
leis'ure
mar tyr
gl5b'iile
frag ile
jour nal
napli tha
litts'tage
frag ment
Ian gnage
nui'sance
cres'cent
ghast ly
laun'dry
zouave' ^
tor'toise *
gor geous ^
mill ti-eat'
^lia rade'
tort' u re
Pronunciation.— 1 swet ; * gCr'jus ; ' zwiiv or zob iiv' ; * tQt'tls.
I (
I •
; !
12C
fJI^AFTON^S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
334— Suffixes
to'l::;- .TnT^ Tot' " '" ^°' ^'" "'"'^ ^^« " "^^^ - W- and ou.,
clmnge change a hie ,nan age man age a ble
cliuige charge a ble mar riao-e
oour aire
mar riage a ble
cou ra'geous
out ra'geous
trace trace a ble
"otice noticeable outrage ...,..,,u,
service serviceable advantage ud van ta'geous
335— Geography
Leip'sic M.al'ag,'. M(.'«l,a Naples
Le vant' Mal'ta Mec'ca Nevt Zea'land
i^isbon Mai- seilles ' « MOut re al' Ni'ser
Loire' Mtttapau' M<, roo'co O neVa
Lyons Me.«j'na Mos'cow Ot'tawa
Madras' Mil'au Mu'ukh Pal'estine
Copy tl.« w„rd». Write opposite oaol, u,hal and «here it ia.
336— Pearls
ma tie of tl.e oyster. It is e„o„ covered with nacre ' or
mo her-o pear . The Chinese partly open the sill shp
".uer a httle lead image of a god, and put the oy ter back
in the water. A beautiful pearl image is the resuir The
Pe2:tr ^"""^ "« "'^ -^ °* ceyiou.ri'in th:
Prouunciatlon.-
-'Iwar; 'mjirsaiz'; ^n&'kgt; * e&lQn'.
I
fillAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE ROOK
337— Accent
137
N&tmor
Adjective
coii'vict
coil' vert
ab'stract
cou 'tract
ob'ject
con'trast
ex' tract
ex'port
Verb
con vict'
con vert'
ah stract'
con tract'
ob ject'
con trast'
ex tract'
ex port'
N^oun or
Adjective
es'cort
])er'funie
per'fect
prfis'age
con'ilict
rec'ord
Hur'vey
trans 'port
Verb
es corf
per fume'
per feet'
pr(^ sage'
con llict'
re cord'
sur vey'
trans port'
Choose two words from each oolumn and use each m a written
sentence.
338— Dictation
The names of the days of the week are derived from old
Saxon deities. Sunday means the day of tlie Sun ; Monday,
day of the Moon ; Tuesday is the day of ^J^iisco ; Wednesday,'
the day of Woden, supreme god; Thursday is named after
Thor, the god of thunder ; Friday, Freya, goddess of love ;
Saturday is the day of the Norse god, Saeter.
disk •
vi'al
fo cus
pis ton
re pel'
si'ren
di verge'
ex pand
por'ous
spec trurn
vac'u um
tan'gent
339— Physics
den 'si ty
iner'ti a*
plumb-line
con verge'
vi bra'tion
im pul sive
at trac'tion
at'mos pliere
cen trif 'u gal
cen trip e tal
ex per i ment
com pres si bit
Pronunciation.— 1 In Sr'shl a.
128 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTKNCK MOOK
340— Suffixes
R»h'.- Silent e is retained before a suffix beginning with a consonant.
AMful
less
mcnt
ly
/less
lijite
1
sense
move
fine
pale
hane
sliame
al lure
pure
tame
l)eace
blame
a cliieve
mere
rare
(lis grace
de fence
<le base
po lite
lame
Write the derivative words.
II )■
a bun 'dance
venge ance
ig no ranee
sus te nance
vig i lance
griev ance
ob serv auce
841 — ance, ence
tern per ance
ac (juaint ance
an noy ance
ve'he mence
el o quence
be nef i cence
mu nif i cence
342— Review of Capitals
ail di ence
dil i gence
ab sti nence
rev er ence
dif fi dence
in di gence
con ii deuce
nictatioii.-In the Bible wo read, -Thou shalt not take
the name of tlie Lord thy God in vain/'
I pray tlie prayer of Plato old,
" God make thee beautiful within/'— Whittier.
The Wind and the Sun had a dispute.
Cromwell gained, at Naseby, a most decisive victory over
the Royalists.
The months of July and August were named in honour of
Julius Caesar and Augustus Caesar.
K
>nBonantt
fiess
pale
tame
rare
lame
GRAPTOXS WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 129
343
Good namo, in man and woman, dear my lord,
Ib tl'.e immediate jewel of their souls.
Who steals my purse, steals trash; 'tis something, nothing;
'Twas mine, 'tis his, and has been slave to thousands j
But he that filches from mo my good name,
Robs me of that which not enriches him,
And makes me poor indeed. — Shahexpeare,
Wrile the meaning in your own words.
344 — Geography
Pa ra'
Rlieim§
Se bas'to pol
i ence
Pam'li CO
Rhone
Sb^ng bai'
gence
Pi'sa
Ri'ga
Si am'
i iience
Pom pe'ii ^
I
R5t'ter ddm
Sin ga pore'
ir ence
Po po cat .
a petl'
Sa lia'ra
Smyr'na
dence
Po to' mac
St. He le'na
Su6z'
gence
Pyr'e uees
San ti a'go
Su ma'tra
i deuce
Qui to ^
Sa van'nah
Sus que ban'na
Ba'leigli
Scheldt 3
Syd'ney
Copy the words. Write opposite each what and where it is.
not take
345— Physics
;
t
valve
dy ' na mo ap pa ra' tus
f ric tion
dttier. \
mo tor
en er
gy com bus'tion in'ci dence
Bun 'sen ^
hy'dro gen lu'mi nous
di rec'tion
)ry over
mag net
negii
tive re frac'tion
am'pli tude
/'
firings
induc'tion chro nom'e ter re ac'tion
noiir of 1
load stone
ar'ma ture ui'tro gen
Vol ta'ic
Pronunciation.— 1 pOm pa'ye ; s-ke'tO; 'skglt; «bd&n'8gn.
9
130 l.ltAFTON'.s WORD ANT) SRNTKNCR BOOK
346- Suffixes
nulr.-When th« last letter of a word and the first letter of a oufflx are
alike, both letters are usually retaiued,
Add ness: plain, keen, givvu, mean, sullen, tliin, wanton,
open, dean, oven, lean, solemn, Htubhorn, forlorn.
Add ///; awful, loyal, moral, lawful, useful, dinmal, cruel,
wool, joyful, mutual, dutifid, heedful, bkilful.
Write the derivative words.
((
PoliteneHB is to do and say
The kindest things in the kindest way."
347 — ie a/id ei
Mule.—i before r , except after e.
Or when sounded as m, as in neighbour and ^eig^.-^Brewer.
bier
ng grieve'
ceil
rein
tier
re lief
de ceit'
reicfii
mien
Bliield
de ceive
weigli
wield
re trieve'
con ceive
skein
lien
I'e prieve
con ceit
hei'nous
niece
min'obief
re ceipt
o bei'sance
siege
sor tie'
re ceive
in veigh'
frieze
ker 'chief
per ceive
neigli'bour
348— Gulf Stream
Dictation. — The Gulf Stream is a river in the ocean.
Its banks and its bed are cold Avater. It differs from the
Burrounding water in colour, temi)eraturo, saltness, direction
of its current, and velocity. Jt carries driftwood from the
"West Indies to the shores of Iceland. Because of its benign
iufluence the harbour of Hammerfest is never closed by ice.
a oafflz are
, wanton,
ml, cruel.
Brewer.
gli
in
nous
ji'sance
eigli'
'h'bour
n ocean,
rom the
lirection
rom the
s benign
. by ice.
(JKAi
fll a ment
al ma iiac
boun da ry
mal a dy
dil'a to ry
lig a ment
pro^) a gate
■'l«>^.S WORD AND SENTKNCK BOOK 131
349— a, e, i
lin'o al
rar e i'y
an'ge lus
rev'e nue
s6r e nade'
trag e dy
des e crate
rar i ty
ter ri fy
ver i fy
ret'i nue
cliar i ty
prod i gy
se ren'i t}"
ep i taph
ten e ment
veg e tate
nu tri ment
Hpec i men
miril ner y
sec're ta ry
350 — Queen Elizabeth
Dictation.— Qnoon Elizabeth wan fivo-and-twenty yeara
of ago when she rode through the streets of Lor.don, from
the Tower to Westminster Abbey, to bo c-'LyWued. Ifer coun-
tenance was strongly marked, but on the whole, ccmmunding
and dignified, ller hair was red, and her nose something
too long and sharp for a woman^s. She was cleve.', bat cun-
ning and deceitful.— 6'Aar/es Dickens.
351— Parts of the Body
i'ris
tli6'rax ^'^i put
ver'te bra
ten don
tis sue e soph 'a gus
an ri cle
ton sil
glot tis ven tri cle
in tes'tine
lar'^nx
tra'ehe a sal'i va ry
c^p'il la ry
an'kle
mils tache' cor'pus cle
car ti lage
scap'ti la
mem'brane ep i der'mis
tym'pa i um
Dictation. — In an absolute monarchy the ruler has entire
control of the lives and property of his subjects. Turkey
and Russia are absolute monarchies. The ruler of Turkey
is called a Sultan. The ruler of llussia is called a Czar, a
word derived from Ccesar,
i
i
133 GRAFTON'S WOJil) AND SENTENCE BOOK
352
Xule.—p after a consonant becomes / before a sufl^ not beginning with i
live ly
pit y
iiier ry
copy
jollity
live li est
pit i less
mer ri iiieiit
cop ied
fan cy
holy
beau ty
read y
mod i iy
fan ci f ul
lio li ness
beau ti fy
read i ness
niod'i fi er
Add es and o?ts : melody, fury, victory, ceremony, envy,
glory, study, luxury, mystery.
Add er, esi, li/, and ';/^.s\s'; greedy, tidy, sauey, worthy,
lazy, busy, heavy, dainty, happy, ready.
Write the derivative words.
$+25
511
-^100
353 — Receipt
Quebec, P. Q., Aug. 10, 1801.
Received of William English, Four Jlmidred Twenty'
five ^/im Dollars, in full of all demands to date.
George Howard*
Copy receipt.
Ta'gua
Ta bi'ti '
Thib'et^
Ti'gris
To'ki 6
Tri Sste' 3
Trin i dad'
U'ru e^uav
354 — Geography
ValMai
We'ger
Win'ni peg
Proiinuc'tatlon.
« b kotsk'.
Sou dan'
Ya l6n'ci a
Port Sa id'
Cel'ebegs
Ma nil'la
Kani tcliat'ka
Td§ nia'ni a
O klifttsk' «
-1 ta he'tiS; a tibet orti bCt'; 3 tr* fist'; «w(ro8'tsr; esgl'gbgz;
Worces'ter ■*
Yano^-tse-Ki ancr'
YSn i se'i
Zan 7A bar^
Zuv'der Zee
.*:4ir.
ning with i
a ci f ul
li ness
au ti fy
1(1 i ness
)d'i fi er
ny, envy,
worthy.
1891.
Twenty'
ward.
'cia
aid'
'la
idiat'ka
I'ui a
sk' «
; ®s61'gbfi2;
Copy:
$375 yioo
ORAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE ' BOOK
365 — Promissory Note
133
New York, June 9, 1891.
Thirty days after date, T j^romwe to pay John Bice,
or order, Three Hundred Seventy-Jive '^/^^ Dollars, value
received.
lial'ph Mctdton.
356 — Geometr
cone Ms'tum tra pe'zi uni ge o met'ric al
cou'vex pol'y gon pe rini'e ter men su ra'tion
vorume rect'an gle pyr'a mid liy potli'e nuse
sea lene' al'ti tude riglit-an gled e qui lat'e ?-al
rhom'bus trap'e zoid i s6s'ce leg par al lel'o gram
367
Rest is not quitting the bnsy career ;
Rest is the fitting of self to its sphere.
'Tis the brook's motion, clear without strife,
Fleeting to ocean after its life ;
'Tis loving and serving the highest and best ;
'Tis onward, unswerving, and this is true rest.
— J, S. Dioight.
Copy, learn, and recite.
358-
-Silent e
basque
pliys ique'
cat 'a l5gue
pro'logue
casque
gro tfesque'
s;^n'a gogue
col' league
tuque
stat u esque'
ped'a gogue
in tiigue'
u nique'
Ro man esque'
di'a logue
ha rdngue'
134 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
!i
359— Suffixes
Kith-. Monosyllables and words accented on the last syllable, ending with
a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant
before a sutfix beginning with a vowel, w, k, and r are never doubled.)
Add er, est, en : fat, mud, red, siul, glud
Add ed, er, ing : plot, squat,* Htir, btab, stop, drum, wliip
Add ed, ing : refer, occur, regret, aduiit, peu, drop, brag,
stun, allot, remit, equip,* acquit*
Write the derivative words.
sorace
lat tice
pau'ci ty
trail scend'
ma<?'er ate
as cer taiii'
ac qui esce
360 — c, 8, so
re s^iiid'
CO iii'ci deuce
con de scend'
scin'til late
ef fer vesce'
ex cres'cence
pro pen's! ty
361
SQi at'ic
j'et'i cence
va^'il late
OS gil late
di ver'si ty
prgj'u dice
pro bGs'^is
Copy, learn, and recite :
The day is done, and tho darkness
Falls from the wings of Kight,
As a feather is wafted downward
From an eagle in his flight.
And the night shall be filled with music.
And the cares that infest the day
Shall fold their tents like the Arabs,
And as silently steal away. — Longfellow.
* The letters qit, equivalent to kw, are consonants.
K
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
135
1
--
362— Compound Words
ending with
il consonant
rosy-clieeked
timepiece
elsewhere
doubled.)
hairbreadth
tongue-tied
numskull
;
forty-uine
thoroughbred
midday
•iim, wliip
bird's-eye
two-wheeled
forelock
rop, brag,
to-morrow
forefather
hartshorn
:
heart's-ease
wherefore
waistcoat
;
carviiig-kuife
nowadays
363
greensward
at'ic
ae'on ad here' ab lu'tion
a€ ^el'er ate
'i cence
ihe'me a do 'be ab ra §ion
a dul ter ate
^'il late
a byss' ad verse' ad'e qiiate
ac com pa ny
gil late
arbiim act'u
al ad vo cate
ac knowl'edge
v^er'si ty >
a fraid' ae 6']
i an al le go ry
ag'ri cult ure
y'u dice
ad'veut a bil'
i ty ac com'plige
a bom'i na ble
> bfts'gis
ab surd' ac'ro
bat ab hor rence
ar €hi pel'a go
IV.
Copy:
364 — Application for a Position
Montreal, Sept. 1, 18f)n
Messrs. White, Smith (& Co.
Gentlemen :
Having seen m the ^^ Herald ^^ your advertisement
for a clerk, 1 desire to apply for the positio7i. 1 yradu-
atedfrom the High, School last June, and refer you to Mr.
George Young, my former teacher, as to my character and
qualijications.
Uespectfully yours,
Henry Goulding.
1 1
if
h
i i;^
136 CJUAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK
365— Latin Derivatives*
The root of each word is shown by the bold-faced letters.
An7ms, a year; cor, cordis, the heart; centum, one hun-
dred.
1. an'nn al 5. core
3. an nalfl 6. cor'dial
3. an nn'i ty 7. con cord
8. discord
4. an ni ver'sa ry
Meaninos. -1. Yearly.
9. cen'tu ry
10. cen tu'ri on
11. cen'ti ped
12. per cent'age
}. A history of events arranged iti the
order of years. 3. A yearly allowance. 4. A day celebrated as it re-
turns each year. 5. The heart, or central part. 6. Hearty. 7. Agree-
ment. 8. Disagreement. 0. A hundred years. 10. The military com-
mander of a hundred men. 11. An insect having a great number of
feet. 13. A rate by the hundred.
366— Dictation
The Nile brought life to Egypt, thus everything connected
with the river was worshipped by the ancient Egyptians. The
wave scroll was a favourite ornament. Amidst the papyrus '
on the river's bank grew the lotus, a blue water-lily. It re-
appeared as an ornament on the capital of a column, and in
an endless variety of design, decorating the walls of their
temples. The ibis came in search of food as the water sub-
sided. ISo it, as well as the crocodile, was held sacred.
al loy'
al'ge bra
af'ghan
al bu'men
al cove
al'pha bet
al lege'
al'ieu ate
arpine
am a teur'
al'i bi
a mal'gam
ax 1 om
am'pu tate
367
av'er age
ag gre gate
a lac'ri ty
al read'y
^1 ter'nate
am bro'gia
a nat'o my
am bas'sa dor
am big u ou8
af fee tion ate
al'a b^s ter
af fi da'vit
a'er o naut
a man u en'sis
• 8ee derivatives from Latin roots, Part IV. Fronuuct«ttoa.-i pa pITttB.
Tho
I
ORAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 137
368 — Latin Derivatives
Pes, 2>f(lisy a foot ; cvra, care ; Jinis, the end, border.
1. pod'es tal
2. pe dcs'tri an
3. ini pode'
4. quad'ru ped
5. {U)'en ra uy
0. cu rji'tor >
7. cu'ra bio
8. cure
9. fl'nite
10. fln'ish
11. con flue'
12. fliial
Meanings. — 1. Base of a statue or other object. 2. A foot traveller.
3. To hinder. 4. A four-footed animal. 5. Without mistake. 6.
One wiio has the care of something. 7. Capable of being cured. 8.
To heal. D. Bounded. 10. To bring to an end. 11. To keep withiu
boimds. 12. Last.
369
We know it would rain, for all tho morn,
A spirit, on slendor rojios of mist,
Was lowering its golden buckets down
Into the vajioury amethyst
Of marshes and swamps and dismal fens, —
Scooping the Jewels out of the sea
To Bi)rinkle them over the land in showers.
—T, B. Aldrich.
Copy, learn, and recite.
370 — per, pur
per suade'
per'fi dy
pur'ga to r}^
purge
per form
per CO late
pur vey'or
pur' port
per'jure
per pet'u al
pur'sui vant
pur pose
per plex'
per son i f y
pur lieu
purs er
per tain
per se vere'
pur chas er
pur vey'
per spire
per'pe trate
pur blind
pur suit
per sist
per ti iient
purse proud
pur' view :
per vade
per son ate
pur su'ance
purl ing
I
I
138 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
371 — Latin Derivatives
Affo, nctum, to mi, to do ; jt;e//o, pulsmn, to drive, to beat;
scribo, ficriptum, to urito.
1. act 'or
3. agent
3. ng'ile
4. tmnsact'
5. pro pel'
G. dis pel'
7. re piil'sivo
8. pulse
9. scribo
10. niJin'u script
11. in scribe'
VZ. post' script
Meaninos.— 1. One who acts. 3. One h..' .g power to act for
anot hor. ;?. Quick of motion. 4. To do, to perforin. 5. To drive for-
ward. 6. To drive away. 7. Driving off. 8. The beating of the heart
or blood-vessels. 9. One who writes. 10. A written paper or book.
11. To write on. 12. An addition to a letter after it is signed.
372
bail'iff beau' to ous
bal'us ter be giii'niiig
bail (Mu'iia be Lav'iour
bar'be cue bil'ious
ba roiicLe' ^ bill iards
bot'a iiy cal'ci um
bre'vi a ry cal cu late
brick' kilu^ cal is then'ica
Brit'oii cal'iim iiy
bun ion ca niSro pard
be at'i tude bi og'ia pby burg'la ly can'ui bal
373— Dictation
From the hour of the invention of printing, books, and
not kings, were to rule the world. Weapons forced in the
mind, keen-edged, and brighter tlian a sunbeam, were to
supplant the sword and battle-axe. Books ! light-houses
built on the sea of time.*) Books ! by wdiose sorcery the
Avhole iu*gcantry of the world's history moves in solemn pro-
cession before our eyes. From their pages great souls look
down in all their grandeur, undimmed by the faults and
follies of earthly existence, consecrated by time. — E. P.
Wliipjjlc.
I
Pronunclatlou.— ibar(;OBh'; abrlk'kil.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK j
374-
-In a Printing Office
Names of Type.
dt * mood
press
cards
pearl
ag'ate
form
post er
case
liaii(l-l)ill
non pa rgil' »
stick
slio\\-l)il
bre viCr' '
mal let
cir cii lar
bourgeois"
ink
paiii phlet
long prim er
pa jDer
mag a ziiie
small pl'ca
fo li o
book
pi'cii
quar to
print er
X
#
oc ta'vo
fore' man
great pr
im er
(III deQ'i mo
com pos'i t
139
In what type are tlie words in the two right-hand columns above ?
Give the meanings of folio, quarto, octavo, and duodecimo.
dai ly
morn ing
eVen ing
sem'i-week ly
week ly
bi-month ly
month ly
ex changes
e di tion
pro pri e tor
375 — Newspaper Terms
ed it or
jour'nal ist
con trib'u tor
re port er
cor re spond'ent
sub scrib'er
ad ver tis'er
car ri er
news boy
ex tra
col umn
ed i to'ri al
lead er
ar ti cle
i tem
lo cal
tel e grams
no tic es
gos sip
fi nan cial
a muse ments
mis eel la'ne ous
pub lisli er
What is the meaning of semi-weeMy, bi-monthly, edition, gosi^ip ?
Pronunciation.— > n5n pare!'; »br6vSr'; sbflrjoie'.
140 GHAKTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK
376 — Latin Derivatives
Decent, ten ; specio, spedum, to bohold ; vern.'^, true.
1. Do comber 5. ex poet' 9. aver'
2. dec! iiiul 0. pn,M',H.et 10. vor'i iy
.'i. doc'iiiiato ;. in spoct'or n. vor'i ly
4. do 00,,'ni al 8. spoc ta'tor Vi. vo nic'i ty
Mkan.nos.-I. Formorly M,o (onth monM,. 2. Increa.i,,.. or .lo-
cToas.n,M,y ton^ 8. To take the tenth part of. 4. Happening every
ten years. 5. To look forward to. 0. A view ahead. 7. One who
oversees. 8. One wh. behokls. 9. To say positively. 10. To prove
to be true. 11. In trutli. \2. Truthfulness. ^
377— BiU Receipted
New YoiiK, P)>h, 1, ],s<)2.
Copy :
Mil. Philip Fret^oh,
Bought of AVm. Karl c^ Co.
1891
Nor,
1892
Jan.
8
6
21
2 ?>/>Z. 7^/^Mr «i) ,^6.50
5 r/«Z. Jfohsses. ..." .32
12 6«. Potatoes - .75
$13
1
9
60
$23
60
Rec\l Payment,
Wm. Earl k Co.,
per M. W.
S. Carsley has a large dry goods store in Montreal. Sup-
pose you buy goods from him as follows :
1895, September 15, 15 yds. Calico @ G^ ; 20 yds. Gino-.
liiim (li W ; 3 Boys' Suits @ 13.50 ; 12 yds. Cashmere® 75?-
10 yds. Ribbon (<? 25^ ; 5 pair Boots ^ *1.25 ; 7 Scliool Bags
d^' 23?* ; 5 yds. Lace (TD 37y.
Make out a bill for the goods and receipt it.
OltAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
378 — Greek Derivatives
Ul
Pathna, foolinp; chronos, time; demos, the pooplo.
1. pathetic 5. chroii'ii! <). domoc'racy
3. jip'a thy (I. clmuri do 10. doiu'a gogiie
3. Kym'imtliy 7. ehroii'i dor 11. ep i deiii'io
4. tin tip'a thy 8. chro nolo gy 12. eii dem'ic
Mkaninos.— 1. AITecting tlio Unuhr focliiigs. 2. Want of feeling.
3. Fooling with others. 4. Feeling against. 5. Continuing for along
time. 0. A record of events in the order of tiine. 7. A writer of a
chronicle. 8. Science of measuring time by regular periods. 9. Gov-
ernment by the people. 10. An artful leader of the people. 11. A
disease affecting a great number of people. 12. A disease peculiar to
a certain people.
armour
ap planse'
bauk'rupt
a 2:>os'tle
CO til loii *
CO ro] la
bi'cy cle
cor'ri dor .
res er voir
^q'ue duct ^
au tbeu'tic
aii'ec dote
av a lanche
braud'-new
379
au'to graph
bar ba rous
an thra cite
ap preu'tice
au tip'o den
CO nun 'drum
con ta gious
a ris'to crat
ve log'i pede
a qua ri uni
ex Lil a rate
a non y mous
ap pro pri ate
as sim i late
380— Dictation
If the Norwegian boasts liis liomo of rocks, and the Sibe-
rian is happy in his land of perpetual snow ; if the Koman
thought the muddy Tiber the favoured river of heaven, and
the Chinese pities everybody born out of the Flowery King-
dom, shall not we, in this land of glorious liberty, have
some thought and love for our country ? — Wendell Phillips.
PronuuciaUon.— 1 kd te yon' or k6 tel yon' ; alao Bpelled co tll'lion; ^ak'wfi dfikt.
<
I
142 r.RAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
381 — Buildings
school house i^ost-of iice a bat toir'*
to^vn house ar se rial op e ra-house
court liouse ar mou rj arcade'
state house the 'a tre l^en i teu'tia ry
cus toni house ho tel' jail or gaol *
Av are house hos'pige fac to ry
capitol pa virion sau i ta'ri urn
382— Municipal Government
hov el
cab in
cot tage
vil la
man sion
cas tie
pal ace
Copy :
In Ontario, each towiiHliip elects a council of five members
to niunuge its nmti.u The presiding officer is called a
Keeve Deputy-reeves are elected according to the popula-
tion o the township. The reeves and dep^tty-reevesTthe
township m a county form the County Council. Thev
choose one of their number to be Warden or chief executive
officer in the county. Elections for councillors, reeves, and
wardens are held annually.
In Quebec, each town, village, and municipality elects a
counc'l ot seven members to manage its affairs. The mem-
bers of a council, except in certain cities, elect from among
themselves a presiding officer who is called a Mayor The
mayors of the several local municipalities in a county form
the County Council, the members of which elect from their
number a i)residiiig official called a Warden.
'Inhere is an important difference between the working of
the municipal system in Ontario and that of Quebec -for
whereas the most of the money spent on local improvem'ents
m Ontario is raised by the municii.alities themselves, in
Quebec a great deal is left to the local legislature which gives
large grants for roads, bridges, and other local needs
.: i:
Froiiuuclatloii.— J a bat twJlr'; a jal.
GUAPTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 143
383— Railroad
mail
tmiu
track
check
freight
de'i)ot
pig iial
tick et
bun die
jiack age
din patch'
sta tioii
ex press'
hrake-iiiaii
tel e graph
con duct or
l)ost al clerk
pe ri od ic als
lo CO mo tive
384— The Seven Wise Men
Copy}
Seven was regarded as a sacred or niysHn number by the
ancients. In tlie sixth century befori; C^hrist there were
seven wise men of Greece, eacli famous for a noted maxim :
Solon (so'lon). '' Know thyself."
Cleobulus (kle o l)u'lus). " Avoid extremes."
Chilo (kl'lo). '' Consider the end." ■
Bias (bi'as). ''Most men are bad."
Pittacus (pit'ta kus). *' Know thy oi)portunity. "
Thales (tha'les). '' Suretyship is tlie forerunner of ruin."
Periander (pCr i sln'der). " Nothing is impossible to in-
dustry,"
385
HuIp.-c, hard, like k, before a, o, it ; r, soft, like s, before c, I, y.
cu bit
carat
cul rass'
cur tail
cap tious
con dense
col lis ion
cash ier
con sul
con'duit
con ceal
con coct
col lege
con cise
eel lu lar
civ il ize
cyl in der
cer ti fy
cy'iio sure
cer ti tude
ce ru'le an
cym bal
cyn ic
eel tic
cen sor
cis tern
cit rate
cinct'iire
N^
144. (UtAKTONS WOUU AM) SENTKNCK BOOK
386— Authors
Walter Soott
William ShakoHpoaro
Washington Irving
Kohcrt Burns
John Milton
Cliark's Dickons
AV'illiain Cnlh'n Rryant
Nathaniel Ilawthoi'ne
Oliver Wendell lIolniej4
Henry W. ijongfellow
.lames Russell Lowell
Hans Cliriatian Andersen
Write thf. author : hin ronntry ; one vork ; pot'tr;/ or prow,
Ex.; Juha liunyuu ; Kiigliuid ; Pilgrim's Progress ; proso.
387 — Quotations
Woo, modost, oriniRon-tij)i)e(l il(jwor.
Tho greon-eyod mouBter.
Notliing is impoKKiblo to iiuluKtry.
Ho prayeth best who lovotli best.
To err i« Iiuman ; to forgivo, ilivino.
Leiini to labour and to wait.
0, wliat a taiiglod wob we woavo,
Wlieu first wo practise to dcooive ?
lloavon open'd wido
llor ovor-during gates, liarmonious sound.
On golden hinges moving.
Write the quotation ; the, author. Ex. : Never say " Pail." Bulwer,
38** — Characters
Juliet Ichabod Crane Tom Brown
Ivanhoe Paul Dombey Little Nell
Evangeline Mac})eth Barbai-a Frietchie
Sam Waller Rip Van AVinkle Robinson Crusoe
Write the character; the book ; poetry or prose ; the author,
Ex. : Jo ; Little Women ; prose ; Louisa M. Alcott.
tryant
l()lllU\S
How
^vell
lulursen
—Bulwer,
L-
11
-
ietchie
Crusoe
•
UUAFTONS WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK
389— Review
146
war rior
oyn ic al
fuch Hi a
phlox
SH (!llt'ni
olor ic al
a za lo a
gen tian
Hkil fill
proi)]i'o cf
ca incl lia
trea clo
pro ('eo(ln
])ropli'(! Ky
an tc o('(l cut
pro cede
con sign ee
Ah trii khuii
par tl ci pic
])a tienco
Mk HiH uip pi
prom iH HO ry
du clar a tive
de ceaHu
390
pal i Hade
cav a lier
nail ti luH
or i fice
ee ere cy
pes ti lenco
mix il ia ry
lino anient
Cin cin na ti
rheu ma tiHiii
dys pop Hi a
pneii mo ni a
nial [qe
vi cioiiH
ee 8ta Hy
jeal 0U8 y
(Jay enue'
min Hpell
391
392
reel pe
del' i nite
sac ri lege
right eons
gra cioiis
en gin eer
chal ice
m sur er
ep au let
ma no3u vre
ar chi tect
guar an tee
chryB a lis
con fis cate
fag ot
for feit
fer rule
for bade
sur plice
hie cough
ton sil
chiv al
ry
con va les cent per spire
seal lop
Riit ure
si phon
fron tier
muH cle
qua haug
ftau se a
dis ap pear
Sep a rate
sphinx
mi li tia
dissi 2)ato
re ceived
can cor
ver ti cal
glyc er ine
sur goon
ca tarrh
cal en dar
1)0 n fit ed
sol dier
cap size
ex er cise
nee es sa ry
bag gage
bea con
con science
re bel liou
fur lough
bod ice
10
dis cern
ex haust
crip pie
Guin ea
symp torn
com ment
con Crete
poul tice
I !
It
14U
GltAKTON'S WOllI) AiNI) SENTKNC^^] HOOK
393-
-Keview
loagno
hat ttM*y
ini a^ ine
Tiiohe
giii tar
Kal a bU^
fric as sec^
sparse
(!t)r nico
tab er naclo
lat i tilde
('li(pie
fa cado
Hyii a goalie
mill leiii
iia dir
a(^ crue
pro con tor
<ro\' }j;eoiirt
eyc^ let
proHH uro
cere nio ny
tor toiso
ini rago
394
eov oy
pan ei ty
nm Hanco
BUOS
ba /aar
veiige anee
mar riago
route
vicit uals
griev aiu'i^
Mec ea
Seine
bou (plot
iii tro gen
Ha leigli
ra vine
brii iietto
caj) il la ry
ha raiigiio
roil tine
drug got
Woreos tor
phy si(|iio
pat ent
395
cha rado
bill iards
al lego
whey
po rolls
am a tour
ax iom
vig our
plov or
per se vero
pur lieu
vie ar
8{!ep tre
beau to oiis
tor race
sol dor
lar ynx
prej u dice
spig ot
bil iouB
tra ebe a
ac com pi ice
Buc eeed
su mac
396
pit y
con diiit
bro vior
siege
a byss
col umn
wrin kle
ogre
sol aeo
brick kiln
tres tie
trip le
Brit on
ban dan na
ten ant
slier ilt
Brit iiiu
pam })lilet
sliud dor
pal ace
re scind
cat er pil lar
res er V(Hr
pi az za
af ghau
con go ni al
wor sliiped
qui nine
bi cy cle
chi rop o dist
clian do lie^*
fla grant
I
I
nielie
wpjirso
('li(juo
nil (lir
eyc^ lot
ini rujjfy
BUOS
roil to
Soil 10
I'll vino
roil tino
put ent
whoy
vig our
vie ar
Kol dor
bil iouH
«u niiio
BlOgO
ogro
trip lo
eher ill
pal aco
pi az za
qui nino
fla grant
PAIiT IT
Why Somh Woiids aum Diff'kjult
Tttk (lirtuMilty in ^polling and pronouncing EnglJKli words
ariHOH from tiio uko of (1) wiliMit lottorH ; {rl} tlio Hanio hittor
to roprosont dilforo lit Hou 11(1 H ; (M) dilVoront lottorn to ropro-
Bont tlu! Hjinio Hoiind. Tupils, tlioroforo, KJioiild bo (irillod
tiioroughly on a fow ropiHiKontativc; wordK, witii tho viow of
training tiio faculty and forming tlio habit of cloHoly obsorv-
ing thoHo po(Miliaritics whcircvor tlu^y moot with thom. TJiis
(^\orciso may bo condnctod in tiio following mannor. Tho
l)ooks being open nt tho lossoii, tho piipiln, in tho order of
recitation, prononiico eju^h word, rc!a(l itH Kpolling from the
book, and analyze it, thus :
riil^jfiu (116m), p-li-l-e-g-m ; it is a didiciilt word boeauHo
it has nix lottorH and only foiirsomidri; f/ in nihsnt, and tho
Hoiiiid of/ is re[)roKented by the e<piivalent j»A.
V<«r'y, v-o-r-y ; tho Hi)olling of this word in dini<!iilt to r<!-
m(>mber lu'caiiKo most words nimilar in Hoiind (for'ry, ber'ry,
mor'ry) have two r's ; our r in verii.
Co quMtc', e-o-q-ii-o-l-t-e ; it is a dilVuMilt word because it
has eight letters and only (iv(> sounds; tin; last / and ono «
are nilont, the first sound of h is represinitiid by tli(» e((uiva-
lent c, and tho last one by tlu^ ('(piivalcuit qa.
S^p'arfttc, s-e-p-a-r-a-t-(^ ; it has eight letters and only
sovon sounds ; e final is generally sihnit : the spelling of this
word is dillicult to remember l)ecans(^ the sound of d in tho
HO(!ond syllable is obsctuni jiiid tiiat letter ])0(;omoH confused
with the letter e, having an obscure b(nind in words some-
what similar ; two an in separate.
" In applying tho diacritical marks to combinations of let-
-m -n- -Wi lli i i ilBllll w
i
148 GKAFTON'S WORD AND f^RNTENCE BOOK
ters representing .1 single elementary sound and including
the represented letter itself, it is enstomary to give that let-
ter the proper mark, and regard the other letters of the
combination as silent ; thus : b^t\ii'ty.
Equivalents Hkimikskxtin*} Elkmkntauy Sounds.
The sound of fi, as in ale, is represented in nine
Otlier ways: Ihul, day, they, Vill, Ste.;K, gaiigt^; gaol,
AS rou, me
1-'
Jee .
The sound of it, as in ildd, in three other Avays :
plaid, giTar'an tor, Ca'nSnn.
The sound of a, as in iirni, in five other ways:
Sunt, hoirt, giTard, Ser'geant, ba Zaar'.
The sound of a, as in all, in seven other ways:
"bawl, l^d, marn, fought, brmid, G^srge, ex ti'S^r'di-
na ry.
The sound of A, as in f4re, in five other \vays:
.a a , , a i , a
hair, pray cr, where, pear, their.
The sound of e, as in eve, in eleven otlier ways :
miSt, b^t, chief, de ceive', po lice', key, Cie'sar, peo'ple,
quay, Por'tu giiese, Phuj'bus.
The sound of t^, as in Sbb, in eleven other ways :
brsid, ssid, di sr'e sis, s'ny, lidf 'er, Is^p'ard, fnind,
bu ry, gsist, SayS, (Ett 1 pus.
The sound of i, as in ice, in nine other
tie, guide, higllt, buy, asle, 1% Jyl-, aye, by.
7-ays
OKAFTOX'S WORD AND SRNTRNCE ROOK
149
The souiid of i, nw in Kll, in (deveii other ways:
niyth, du'tioS, biTild, bar'gain, bu'sy, prst'ty, b^n,
v Y y T
wsni'en, for'eigii, ciir'i'iEge, tor'tiTise.
The sound of 6, as in ode, in nine other ways:
boat, glow, poar, too, tloor, liuut ooy, Sow, hemi, yeo man.
The sound of 5, as in 5dd, in two other ways:
WaS, knJwl'edge.
The sound of u, as in use, in eight other ways :
dew, hm, JiTiCe, lieu tei', Jieu, View, Deau ty, lliaU tua-lliaK er.
The sound of ti, as in tis, in seven other ways :
szn, touch, flwd, d5cs, por'])5ise, cusli'ion, gud'gcoii.
The sound of "u, as in urn, in eight other ways :
her, tliirst, hiai'd, ^v6rk, scsuige, uiyr tie, in ai', guer .
don.
The sound of ii, as in rule, in eight other ways:
brooiii. Soup, do, glow, owe, ti'ue, iiuit. Ilia iiujii \re.
The diphthongs ol and oy are used to represent
the same sound, and o?i and ow likewise.
The sound of ^' is represented hy ph in Stephen.
Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey.
Where wealth accumulates and men decay.
Princes and lords may flourish, or may fade,
A breath can make them, as a breatii has made ;
But a bold peasantry, their country's prif\e,
When ouce destroy'd, can never be supplied.
— Ooldsmith,
150 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTPINCE BOOK
MISCELLANEOUS WORDS
lli H !■
1^ i
< 4
\U
qy'ele
groat
tit'tle
ar'id
guess
syn'od
ae'gis
gim'bals
ehek'el
big'ot
gaai'ut
sub'tne
bo hea'
gib'ber
ty'phus
bay'ou
gal'ley
tru'igm
€0 QY(}e'
gun'wale *
ter ra9e
Ca lais
hals'er
ton tine'
ca'liph
hu§ siir'
n
trea'tJse
cai'tifp
hos'tler
ttir'gid
chas'ten
i'dyl
tan'nin
con tour'
la,t'ti(;e
tro'phy
die bftrse'
lev'ee
ves'ttge
driv'el
pew'ter
vis'yid
dis'tieh
6'eliro
Xerx es
dae'tyl
or'gieg
van'quish
ex'tant
mdr'tlfse
thral' dom
drach'ma
poni'mel
III
whole'some
fief
pae'an
Ar'a bie
fugue
pol'len
ap ro pos'
fer'ret
pritfe'ee
a€ cou'tre
fa'kir
rhythm
as p6rse'
fe'tigh
ekit'tish
art'i §an
fal'eon
Bubt'le
as sign ee'
fis'sure
B9i'on
an'no tate
flag'on
phe'nix '
an'nu lar '
flip'pant
pon'iard
an'te room
fop'pish
pot'shCrd
at'tri bute
Prouunciation.— 1 gun 61.
2 Also phce'nix.
ORAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
151
an'ti type
ar'mis tice
ac adem'in
am btls'sa dor
ad 'mi ra ble
a poc'ry i)ha
ag'gran dize
ar tif 'i cer
an i m68'i ty
ac com'mo date
IV
as cend'en ey
ad veil ti'tious
u er o stat'ic38
al i meiit'a ry
a poc'a Ij^^pse
au rif 'er ous
ap'o tliegm
an nl hi la'tion
as sas si na'tion
ac knowl'edg ment
ghar'la tan
chrys'o lite
con'fer ence
(jen'o taph
cod'i q\\
de vel'op
(jic'a tri9e
(jin'na bar
cre'o sote
dec'a logue
au spi cious
a pos'ta sy
am'ber gris
a nath'e ma
al'ka line
bu'ri al
brig'a dier
bri taii'ni a
be nef i cence
a bridg'ment
bl^s'phe my
bis sex'tile
Byz'an tine
9i vil'ian
coll'ier y
con (jen'tre
CO me'di an
con'nen trate
com po'nent
com 'pro mige
eiglit'i cth
e qua to'ri al
ben e fi'ci a ry
bi til 'mi nous
bac elia na'li an
con tani'i nate
cor rob'o rate
con sid'er ate
cor po're al
com'})lai sange
VI
Eu ro pe'an
fa ce'tious
fas'ci nate
f u lie re al
fore clos'ure
fo li a'ceous
fal la'cious
flagitious
flag'eo let
fa n^t'i 9i§m
di I6m'ma
des'per ate
des'ti tute
eq'ui page
eq'ui ty
em bedded
ex hib'it
est'u a ry
dram'a tist
ex clieq'uer
eu'cha rist
eu'pho ny
e lyg'i um
em pir'ic
e pit'o me
ex'or cige
f e r69 i ty
em py re 'an
e ph6m'e rai
ex tem'po re
152
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
l^i ^
VII
■ ^ 1 cruR ta'ceous
de Itn'e ate
hos'pi ta ble
1 i i cuK ras sier'
e$ ftg'ger ate
hy pCr'bo le
I cr^s'tal lino
I I ca lum'ni ous
e las tt9'i ty
ge lat'i nous
e lii'9i date
ir rdf u ta ble
1 clian'^el lor
e lab'o rate
in dfg e nous
; con cur'rencG
e vdp'o rate
in nu en'do
com m6d'i ty
e c6n'o my
in stal'^raent
j 9Tr cunfi stan'tial
em bar'rass
in ad vr'rt'en9e
con se qu6n'tial
6r y stp'e las
id i syn'cra sy
1 1 con 8ci Sn'tious
et y n\6\'o gy
in can d68'9ence
VIII
con san guin'i ty
dishabille'
ir re triev'a ble
1' confM'eracy
dis'so nant
her bu'ceous
1 com'mis sa ry
dl mCn'sion
in M'li ble
1 ' con tem'po ra ry
de 9(5p'tion
im mfin'si ty
I con sdl'a to ry
ex hor ta'tion
in 6c'u late
, h ere ta'ceous
en ttin'el ling
in ter mts'eion
j j i con de B9(5n'sion
1 i da guSrre'o type
c qua nim'i ty
in flam'ma tory
ep i cu re'an
in stan tu'ne ous
■ 1 jj Des Moines
i'6r men ta'tion
in tt'l'li gi ble
f 1 dys'en ter y
e qui nSg'tial
in de fiit'i ga ble
i
5
IX
■ :
' i ^ dis p(5n'ea ry
e$ ha lu'tion
lifer a ture
I dim i nii'tion
fdr i na'ceous
lach'ry mal
t con nois seur'
em 'is sa ry
lab'y rinth
: des'ue tude
ge 6m e tri'cian
le gu'nii nous
li ex pe dl'tion
gram ma'ri an
liq'ui date
M ej haust'i ble
ho me 6p'a thy
lt5g'end a ry
1 i des ic ca'tion
]| dig gCrn'ment
ieh thy dl'o gy
mur'mur ing
i so tliGrm'al
mount ain eer'
■I
It de te'ri o rate
1 de clilm'a to ry
ho mo ge'iie ous
ma chin'e ry
1
hJp po pot'a mus
ka lei'do scope
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 153
mil Ic'-n'rii um
men ag'e rio
met a phj?-§'ins
mis'9el la iiy
met a mor'plioso
ne go ti a'tiou
mCr'^e na ry
mne mon'ies
me€h a ni'ciau
5 le ag'i uous
mf thdl'o gy
non 9ha lance'
pug na'cious
Pen'ta teu{!h
porte-mon naie'
pu sil lan'i nious
pla gi a rigm
phra ge ol'o gy
])e ripii'er y
per e gri na'tion
1)1*0 pi ti a'tion
l)ar si mo'ni ous
per sna'gion
pol i ti'cian
pro yed'ure
l)ar'a ghnte
phygiol'ogy
plios plior 6890'
psy chdl'o gy
ta9'i turn
Rim i lar'i ty
rig i bil'i ty
reo ti line al
rem i nis'cence
r^'9 i pr69'i ty
ree ol lec'tion
re-iin burse'
re tal'i ate
res ur rcc'tion
ri dic'u lous
XI
re lax a'tion
pome gran'ate
pseu'do nym
sub poe'na
su per sti'tious
so 119'i tude
syn on'y mous
seq lies tra'tion
su per iiu'mer a ry
su per in tend'ent
XII
sub'lu na ry
triph thon'gal
t^r'an nize
ty ran'nic al
ste're o type
Bfe'o pliant
stadt'hold er
tran s9ond cnt'al
tradi'tion ary
ver sa til'i ty
vo lu'mi nous
th6r a peu'tics
tCch'nic id
vin di ca'tive
virt'u al ly
vi'bra to ry
zo di'ac al
Xen'o phon
zo'o pliyte
wlt'ti cigm
va'ri e gate
vict'ual er
tcM-'ti a ry
tal'ig man
thral'dom
ti-ip'ar tite
U'ra nus
al Je'gi ance
u biq'ui tons
am phi the'a tre
ad mit'tance
ftuc tion eer'
as so'ci a'tion
a pds'tro phe
a cade my
au da cious
arV'he type
al le gor'ic al
ac cept'ance
ac 9el er a'tion
164
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
fac-sim'i le
f^l'chion '
f^rconry'
gan'grene
gno'mon
gaz et teer'
gloss'a ry
geology
gC'r'nii uate
glu'ti nous
Get'tys barg
gal'ax y
Havre '
Hu'gue not "
house'-wife
he gi'ra
Hin'doo
in 9i§'ion <«''^^)
in gig'ure ^^^^^^
im pr6mp'tu
id'i om
in dict'ment
ir re trie v 'a bk
il lu'sive
io'ta
1 tal'ian
in ter cede'
il Ht'er ate
xm
il lus'trate
im'be 9ile
im'po tent
in 9i'Bive
in sep'a ra ble
in'ter est ed
jes'sa mine
judg'ment
jave'lin
jour'ney man
XIV
jeop'ard y
las'si tude
iiq'ue fy
lu'cra tive
li tig'ious
l&e'quer
la9'er ate
main tain'
mech'an i§m
XV
mar'9hion ess •
Miilm'gey "
man u mis'sion
maeli i nation
mar'tyr dom
mo nop'o ly
m^rie a ble
mds quer ade'
may'or al ty
myr'mi don
mys'ti 9igm
nun'ner y
nar'ra tive
nau'se ate '
nec'tar ine
naive te' *
op'er ate
os'Bi fy
os'ee ous
ob liq'ui ty
oc'u lar
pos sSs'eion
pii'er ile
psal'ter y
pel'i can
pen'nant
prom'i nent
Pough keep'sie
p&r'a site
Ple'ia deg '
p^r'qui site
phthi'sis "
phthig'ie "
pro te ge' "
po r6s'i ty
pro vin'cial
pie be'ian
Pronnneiatlon.— I
• hfl'gft n6t ; ^ mar'shfin gs
fftl'chun ; 2 fft'k'n ; » nj^'sih* ilt ;
; 8 mam'zy; »ple'ya dgz; »•> thl'sis ;
* n& Sv th' ; ' ha'Tgr ;
ntiz'ik;"pr6tdzli4'.
GRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 155
par'ri 9ide
pal'li a tive
par'ox y§m
per'i gee
piqu'an qy
pol'y glot
por'rin ger
p6r'phy ry
preg'by ter
pros'e lyte
Pt61'e my
Pall-mall' •
Phil'o mel
poign'ant
qu^r'u lous
qua drille'
req'ui §ite
re 96p'ta cle
rec'om pense
ro'ge ate
ra pa9'i ty
re dun'dant
reg'i due
6p69'i fy
sig'ni fy
stu'pe fy
sylvan
squan'dcr
sa€'ri fice
XVI
BUS pi'eious
Sioux '
sen'ti cut
se di'tious
stren'u ous
sat'el lite
sue 9es'sive
schigm ^
su per sede'
sym'me try
XVII
Sehuyrkill
Si'nai
•
souve nir'
sup'plo ment
sol'e 9igm
syl'lo gism
sa'ti ate
st^r'to rous
s1ir'9in gle
XVIII
soph'istry
sop o rif 'ic
tu i'tion
tran si'tion
tlir pen tine
tarn 'a rind
T6r're Haute *
tri glyph
tiir'gid
tram 'mel
an'te date
ap'po gite
a bey'ance
sea tliet'icB
al le'gro
bur k^sque'
braggart
u'gu ry
buoy'ant
boat'swain
vi'ti ate
car'cass
chieftain
ben'i gon
bar'be cue
bag'i lisk
bom ba zine'
ban dit'ti
bli-the'eome
ada'gio*
ftl'ter cate
ve neer'
challenge
cri tique'
ehi me'ra
crab 'bed
CO 16s'su8
car touch'
Qit'a del
Pronunclatton.— > eSo ; 2 siz'm ; » p61-m6r ; * tfir'rg hot ; eada'jft.
15G
OUAFTON'S WOIil) AND SK.NTKNCF. UOOK
WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED
Have the pupils 'vrito the words divided into syllables and marked
IS below. Drill on the i^onunciution until a correct, habit is formed.
litA'ii the words used in short oral sentences.
I
aunt
sa'tyr
wpiu'lor
eheik
biith
Btra'ta
cadiWer
Biiite'
gape
nape
va gfi'ry
])rot'ty '
lilugh
Da'nish
cu rfi'tor
trlb'une
vaunt
ina'trou
de ca'denco
piqu'ant
II
m6r'phtne
Ar'ab
op'och
iia'§al
Btrych'niue
com'rade
e:^^ {let'
loi'gure
bt'ii'zlne
Heni'aiis
r^g'in
meas'uro
bro'mide
car'mino
ddQ'ile
fort'night
rftp'lne
Pai'es tine
jdc'und
thgre'fore
111
Biip'ple
ally'
ro bust'
tt rade'
htlr'ass
pla card'
fl nil nee'
ca nine'
tenet
re cess'
l)re tense'
a gain' '
fet'id
re course'
ro niance'
a d6pt'
furcrum
re sGarcli'
ad drCss'
re source
IV
been*
ket'tle
grl mace'
ac cli'mate
catch
gra'tis
cftn'strue
an cho'vy
launch
greag y
black 'guard *
griln'a ry
hearth
se'nile
on'er ous
na'tion al
o'nyx
are 'tie
al bi'no
mis'chiev ous
Pronunciatlon.-
-iswCt; «prit'ty; 3 a gen';
♦bin; 6biag'gard,
QRiM^"''(>N\s WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 157
py rl'tt'fl
ho ri'zon
broil ehrtifl
m pir'uiit
U (!()Us'tic'8 '
bt tu'iiiuu
nf r'vato
i tril'ic
ttc c^^nt'ed
CO (|uot'ry
con (lo'louce
de ftH'cato
i (lo'a
in quir'y
op po'nont
Bub Hid 'dice
pre cud 'e nee
ini mobile
ly ce'um
mil s6'um
pre vcnt'ive
jii'gii lar
ju'vc nile
le'ni ent
VI
dis'pii tunt
ddl'or oils
dcf i cit
hC'r'otiie
liy'gi One
mCr'cuii ttle
rSc're ant
splen'e tic
Bo'cia ble '
sac'ra ment
180 late
ve'he ment
tr^'cn lent
be'he m6th
Bur'gun dy
Hc'o ri^e
hkM'o culo
I'o vva
pri'va oy
prdb'i ty
hand'ker cnief ' post'liu mous
lor'ger y mis c(5n'strije
VI I
Cal ll'o pe
Terp sieli'o re
al I6p'a thy
hy drop'a thy
au re'o la
va ri'o la
a mc'na bio
dem o ni'acal
ma nl'ac al
fin an cier'
et i quette'
re'al ly
py ram'i dal
re flit 'a ble
restor'ative
in com 'pa ra ble
rt5p'a ra ble
ir rep'a ra ble
VIII
&1 ter ca'tion
en cv clo ped'ic
in dis'pu ta ble
in 6x'o ra ble
ir r^v'o ca ble
li thdg'ra pher
nfip'o tism
rjlil'Iery
p6r'ce lain
in'te gral
main'te nance
ex'cpii gite
tn'ter est ing
lam'ent a ble
com 'para ble
u6m'i na tive
or'tho e py
pfir'emp to ry
an to pe nttlt'
ap o tlie'o sis
an tip'o des
sar sa pa rll'la
o le o mar'ga rtne
E liz'a bctli an
Pronuuclatlon.— > ft kous'tlks or A kOTs'tlks ; ahao'kSrchlf ; » eO'sMb'J.
158 (JIlArroN'S WORD AND SKNTKNCli U()OK
ADDITIONAL HOMONYMS
Ail, to pain; to tr(iiil)]t)
Ale, a malt, liquoi'
Aisle, a passajjo
Isle, an islaml
I'll, cuntim-tion of "1 will "
All, tli«' wh()l(>
Awl, a itorin^ instrniniMit
Altar, a placo of sacritU-i'
Alter, t»t (ihanjife
Bail, security; handle of a kettle
Bale, a bundle
liall, a round body
Bawl, to cry aloud
Bare, naked
Bear, an animal
Beach, the sea-shore
Beech, a tree
Bin, a box f(»r grain
Been, from be.
Berry, a small fruit
Bury, to cover with earth
Berth, room in a ship
Birth, coming into life
Borough, a town
Burrow, a hoi? for animals
Bread, fcMxl imide of flour
Bred, brought up
Cannon, a great gun
Canon, a rule ; a church oflicer
Canvas, coarse cloth
Cauvass, to examine
Ceiling,— of a r<K»M>
Sealing, fastening se(!urely
Ci're, to cover with wax
Sear, lo burn
Seer, one who furebcoa
Sere, dry
(^hord, — in music
Cord, a snudi ropo
Core, the uwwr part
(■orps, a body of troops
Cousin, a relative
Co/en, to cheat
Crews, — of sailors
Cruise, a voyage
Cruse, a small bottle
Dire, dread fid
Dyer, one who dyes
Doe, a she-deer
Dough, paste of bread
Fain, glad
Fane, a temj)lti
Feign, to pretend
Feat, a <]eed
Feet, the plural of foofc
Flew, iromfli/
Flue, a [)assage for smoke
Flour, fine meal
Flower, a blossom
Foul, not clean
Fowl, a winged animal
Gild, to overlay with gold
Guild, a society
I
(lUAiToN'.s woui) AND si.;nti<:nor book
159
FIhII, n larpo room
IIhiiI, to pull; to draw
II(!W, to (tut
Hue, II colour
Iloiinl, t(» lay up
Horde, a waiKicriiij; tribe
Key, Hii iiistrumeul
(^uay, a wharf
Kill, to tako life
Kiln, — of hric'ks
Know, from know
Uiui, ail animal
Now, not old
Liar, ono who tolia llos
Tjyro, a music-al instrumGnt
Loan, anythinj^ huit
Ijono, without (iompany
Manner, way of doin^,'
Manor, land of a nol)lRman
Marshal, a ohief olUuer
Martial, warliko
Moan, to groan softly
Mown, from ynow
Palate. — of the mouth
J*allet, H stnall bed
Palette, u painter's board
Pause, a stoj)
Paws, feet of beasts of prey
Purl, to flow gently
Pearl, a jewel
Plum, a fruit
Plumb, exactly upright
Praise, to speak well of
Prays, asks earnestly
Preys, takes by violence
J'rollt, gain
Prophet, one who foretells
Raise, to lift
Hays,— of light
little, to tear down
Seam,— of a coat
Seem, to appear
S(*as, bodi(!s of water
Sees, from nee.
Seize, to take hold of
Sower, one who sows
Soar, to fly aloft
Sore, an uleer
Sewer, one who sows
Slay, to kill
Sleigh, u vehiehi for snow
Sole, the bottom of the foot
Soul, the spirit of man
Tear, water from the eyea
Tier, a row
Throne, the seat of a king
Thrown, from throw
Vale, tlie Ri)ace between hilla
Veil, a eovering for the face
Waive, to give up
Wave, — of the ocean
Wring, to twist
Ring, a circle ; to sound a hell
To the Tcrtc/ter.— Exercises in the use of these words in sentences should
be given. See Lessons on Homonyms, Part II.
160 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SKNTKNCK HOOK
Punctuation
X. Punctuation jVEakks Enumerated
The period or full stop ( . )' ^^^^ question mark or note o!
iuterrogjitiou { ? ), the exclamation mark or note of excla-
mation ( 1 ), the semi-colon ( ; ) and the comma ( , ) are
the punctuation marks in most connnon use. To these add
the colon ( : ), parentheses ( () ), the dash ( — ) and quota-
tion marks, either donble { '"' ) or single {' ' ).
■
}3._Proitibitouy Caution
Do not insert a stop between any of the parts of a proposi-
tion ennmerated below, when they follow in the order given.
1. The article and any word. 2. The adjective and the
noun qualified. 3. The adverb or adverbial conjunction
and the word modified. 4. The antecedent and its relative.
5. The word on which a preposition depends, the pi'eposi-
tion and its regimen. G. Any two like parts of speech con-
nected by a conjunction. 7. The subject, verb and attri-
bute or object, except that when the subject is composed of
parts separated by commas, a comma is inserted before the
verb.
E.f/. An easy and efficient system of punctuation carefully
avoids the needless separatio^i of words which are arranged
in the customary order of grammatical dependence aiul con-
nection. I did the work so that it might be approved. I
entered when I was ready. Old and young, rich and poor,
wise and foolish, were involved in ruin. ^Minerals, vege-
tables, animals, elements, became objects of adoration.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE ROOK
161
note of
t excla-
; , ) are
lese add
L quota-
proposi-
r given,
iind the
unction
relative,
preposi-
*cli con-
A attri-
[)()sed of
fore the
jarefully
irranged
ind con-
jved. I
id poor,
is, vege-
)n.
C. — Rules of Most Fuequent AppLrcATioN
1. The period ends a complete statement. F.g. I am not
bound to please thee with my answer.
2. 1'he note of interrogation ends a direct question. E.g.
Do you confess the bond ?
3. The note of exclamation is put after (a) an interjection
or {/)) an exclamatory phrase or {c) sentence, (d) except *' "
with the nominative of address. E.g. (a) Alas ! he's mad.
(b) Fie upon your law ! (c) How pale he glares ! (d) U
thou fall'st, Cromwell, thou fall'st a blessed martyr.
4. The i:>rincipal propositions of a period, when complete,
are separated by semi-colons. E.g. I have trod a measure ;
I have flattered a lady ; I have been politic with a friend,
smooth with an enemy. J^ofe. — If the principal propositions
are short or connected by having a common subject, verb or
object, they are often separated by commas only ; when both
short and connected as above, even the comma is frequently
omitted. E.g. He struck his brother with an axe, and killed
him., lie reads and writes.
5. Commas separate (a) the clauses of a principal proposi-
tion from each other and from the principal proposition and
(/>) words in them which have no direct grammatical connec-
tion ; hence they enclose nominatives of address, nomina-
tives absolute, appositives of more than a noun and article
and jiarts of a proposition inverted in order ; besides, they
replace (6') omitted words, especially the conjunction ^' and
E.g. (a) lie who is unwilling to submit to death, when
Heaven decrees it, deserves not to have lived, (b) How far,
Catiline, wilt thou abuse our patience ? Our men, the con-
flict being over, lay down on their arms to rest. The young
prince, worthy son of a valiant father, conducted the nego-
ciation with consummate skill. To a man of unconquerable
determination, all things are possible, (c) His seed shall
endure forever ; and his throne, as the sun before me. Min-
11
>>
wz
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE ROOK
II
II
erals, vegetables, animals and the elements became objects of
adoration.
Special Rules
The colon is nearly obsolete. It may, however, replace a
semi-colon, when any conjunction but *'and" is omitted
between two principal propositions (a) ; and it is often used
after a transitive verb, before a quotation of many words (b).
E.g. {a) Williams rode away as fast as possible : there was
extreme danger in facing three lancers alone, {b) The Saxon
Chronicle says : ''All that was hateful to God and oppres-
sive to man was customary in William's time."
The semi-colon is sometimes used instead of the word
"namely" {a), and it precedes the contraction ''viz." {b).
E.g. Five Tudor sovereigns reigned in England, namely,
Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth.
Five Tudor sovereigns reigned in England; viz., Henry
VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth. Five
Tudor sovereigns reigned in England; Henry VII, Henry
VIII, Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth.
The period is placed after a contraction {a), and may then
be immediately followed by any stop other than the period
itself {h). E.g. {a and b) The money which had been bor-
rowed at ten per cent., was repaid on the 10th ult.
Explanatory statements or amplifications of meaning,
which may be omitted without marring the grammatical
structure of a sentence, are enclosed, sometimes by commas,
sometimes by parentheses, sometimes by dashes. E.g. Gyp-
sum, suljihate of lime, is often used as a manure. Gypsum
(sulphate of lime) is often used as a manure. Gypsum — sul-
phate of lime — is often used as a manure.
The dash marks an abrupt change in the current of
tliouHit ; especially it is used at the end of a statement left
incomplete. It also separates words repeated for the sake
of emphasis. E.g, When I catch him, Til—; but I will
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 163
utter no threats. Work— work — work, till the brain begins
to swim.
The words of verbally exact quotations are enclosed within
double quotation marks, the quotation mark being repeated
at the beginning of each line of a long quotation. Single
quotation marks are used to distinguish quotations within
quotations. Quotation marks follow other punctuation
marks. E.g.
Startled by the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken,
''Doubtless,'' said I, ''what it utters is its only stock
and store,
" Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful dis-
aster
' Followed fast, and followed faster, till his songs one
burden bore,
■ Till the dirges of his Hope, that melancholy burden
it
tt
bore,
" Of ' never — nevermore.' "
Syllabication
Pkinciples of Syllabication"
The syllabication must aid correct and distinct pronuncia-
tion. Hence :
1. Each syllable must be capable of separate pronunciation.
2. Letters which in association modify the sound of one
another, ought not to be separated in syllabication.
3. Each separate syllable should be pronounceable as an
English monosyllable similarly spelled would be pronounced.
4. Usually the vowel sounds that end monosyllables are
long. E.g. aye, he, eye, oh, ewe ; and the monosyllables that
end in consonants are short. E.g. mat, hen, bid, dog, run.
164 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENf'K BOOK
5. (JoiiKon'.intK uro mort^ (listiiK^tly heard wlien associated
with acoenti'd syluiblos.
(5. CoiiHonaiits are inoro easily pronounced at the beginning
than at the end of syllables.
7. Consonants are more easily pronounced when very
closely associated with vowels.
8. A root word usually i)reserves its pronunciation, when
compounded with another, or when a pretix or an atlix is
attached to it.
1^
Rules for Syllauication-
Frlneiphl. Rule a. — l)onotdivideamonosylla])le. E.g,
Oil, fraught, rhythm, beau, must not be divided.
rrin. 1. Rule /y.— Every separated part must have a vowel
in it. E.(j. Jame!^''s must not be divided.
Prin. 2. Rule c.—\)o not divide a digraph or a trigrapli,
as th, sh, ch, ck, ng, sc, gn, sch, etc. E.tj. Fa-ther, ush-er,
arch-itoct.
Prin. a. Rule d. — When a consonant modifies the sound
of a precedin g vowel, do not separate the two. E.(J. Mot! \ -er,
par-ent, wom-en.
Prin. 2. Rule <'.— Do not separate c or (j soft from the
letter which softens it. E.(/. Eviden-cing, rava-ger, oran-
gery, judg-ment.
Prin. 2. Rule /—Do not divide such terminations as
-tion, -sion, -cious, -cean, -sure, -geon. E.g. Inten-tion,
pas-sion, gra-cious, o-cean, lis-sure, pi-geon.
Prin. 3. Rule g.—T)o not begin or end a syllable with
such combinations of letters as cannot begin or end an Eng-
lish word. E.g. Max-im, not ma-xim, complex-ion, an-gel,
e-quation, i-guanodon.
Prin. 3. Rule h. — I'he division between two syllables falls
between two vowel sounds separately pronounced, thus dis-
tinguishing them from possible diphthongs. E.g. 0-olite,
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SRNTENCK ROOK
165
not oo-lite as in ooze; a-eriul, not ue-rial, aw in ae-olian ;
SL'i-enco, not like the second syllable of (!on-seienee ; covv-ard,
not co-ward ; curi-osity, ortlio-oi)y, aye-aye, moi-ety, abey-
ance, tri-iinipli.
Prui. 4, Hide i. — The division })etween two syllables fsdls
immediately after a long vowel. E.g. Fa-vour, fe-ver,
po-tent, brn-tal, beaii-tiful, poi-son.
Prin. 5. linlej. — Siiigle consonants or digraphs between
two short vowels cling to that whi(;h has the stronger accent.
E.g. Pres'i-deiit, hab'it, ha-})it'ual, hab-i-ta'tion, propli'et,
pro-phet'ic, liv'id, li-vid'ity.
Prin. 0. Rule Jc. — Single consonants or digraphs between
two short vowels e(pially iniac(!ented cling to the latter. E.g.
Veri-si-miritude.
Prin. 7. Huh I. — AVlien two or more consonants inter-
vene between two vowels, distribute them between the
former and the latter vowel as shall best represent the [)ro-
nunciation in view of principles 4, 5, G and 7. E.g., 'J'ab-let,
ver-bal, i)ros-trate, pres-tige, ])re-sternal, pene-trate.
Priu. 7. Pule ///.— Se[)arate doubled consonants. E.g.
Mil-let, i)an-nier, par-ricide.
Prin. 7. Rule n. — / must be treated as a consonant when
it has the souiul of initial //. E.g. Val-iantly, on-ion.
Prin. 8. Pule o. — In syllabication preserve the identity of
compound words. E.g. Back-ache, foot-stool.
Prin. 8. Pule p. — In syllabication separate prefixes and
affixes, when neither they nor the words to which they are
joined, are modified in pronunciation by the junction.
E.g. Pre-side, but pres-ident, not })re-sident ; pre-cedent
and prec-edent are distinct words; peeress-es, heart-y,
eat-able.
In some instances, some of the foregoing rnles are antag-
onistic. Most of such cases are met by the following cus-
tomary rules :
Pule q. — Join c or ^ soft to the vowel preceding, when it is
166
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
ehort and accented ; i.e., give precedence to Rule j over
Rule e.
Rule r. — Always join the preceding consonant to the ter-
minations -le and -re.
Examples of the operation of these last rules are capac-ity,
imag-ination, tan-gle, tric-kle.
In other instances of antagonism of rules, so divide sylla-
bles as will best represent the pronunciation in accordance
with the general principle. Iii such cases authorities differ,
and you will almost certainly have some good authority on
your side, however you may decide.
The People of Canada
The people of Canada pro descendants of the old French
who originally settled along the St. Lawrence, together with
English, Irish, Scotch, and others of foreign nationalities.
Among these may be found men of genius and culture, who
have made themselves known in the world of science and art;
and every year sees the number of those who aspire to literary
fame becoming greater.
' With the increase of education, wealth, leisure and foreign
travel, there has been a marked change in the customs and
habits of the people. Social refinement and luxury have in
recent years greatly increased ; and a type of character is
being gradually developed, which is distinctly national.
With her magnificent resources of soil, forest and mine,
her relatively pure, simple and healthy domestic life, her
free systems of education and her excellent form of govern-
ment, Canada certainly possesses the promise ard potency of
a great nation.
S i;
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 167
Additional Derivatives from Latin and Greek Words
The root of a derivative is the word from whicli it was
formed. The meaning of the root is the leading idea in the
meaning of the derived word. The forms of roots in deriva-
tives are often changed more or less for the sake of euphony
or for other reasons.
Latik and Greek Roots and their Derivatives.
A mo, mnatiwi, to love. Root forms : a7n, amat.
amiable, amity, enamour, amicable, amateur.
Animus, anima, m.nd, soul, life. Root form : anim,
animal, animation, animosity, magnanimity.
Audio, auditum, to hear. Root forms : aud, audit,
audible, audience, auditory, inaudible, auditor.
Bene, well ; good.
benefactor, benediction, benison, benefit, benevolence.
Brevis, short. Root forms : brev, bref.
brevity, brief, abbreviate, breve.
Bis, twice ; two. Root form, bi.
biped, biennial, bisect, bivalve, biscuit.
Cajno, captum, to take. Root forms : cap, capt, cept,
captive, receptacle, capable, captor, reception.
Credo, credituni, to believe. Root forms : cred, credit.
creed, credible, credulous, credit, credential.
Clamo, cJamatum, to cry out. Root forms : clam, clamat.
exclaim, clamorous, acclamation, proclaim, claimant.
Dice, dictum, to say. Root forms : die, diet.
diction, dictate, contradict, predict.
Duco, ductum, to lead. Root forms : due, duct.
introduce, conductor, ductility, reducible.
Fluo, jiuxum, to iiow. Root forms : flu, fl,ux, flucL
fluency, fluctuation, fluid, superfluous, influx.
Fundo, fusum, to pour. Root forms : fund, fus.
infuse, confuse, difEuse, refund, fusion.
16S
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTEN('E BOOK
iP
GrmUor, grcssus, to walk. Koofc fornis : grad, greas.
jnogivsK, ogrosK, ooTigrcsfi, traiiBgress, retrograde.
Over, grcglx, a flock. Koot form : greg.
aggregate, segregate, congregate, gregariouH.
llahvi), liabifum, to liave ; to hold. KootforniH : Jmb, habiU
inhabit, 2)rohil)it, exhibit, habitable.
llivrvo, liivsiun, to stick. Root forms: her, Jies.
adliere, cohenion, incoherent, liesitate.
Jtnt(jo, Ju?icfum, to join. Root forms : Jung, JuncL
adjunct, junction, subjunctive, conjuncture.
Zego, It'vtuin, to choose; to read. Root forms : Inj, In-f.,
select, election, elegant, legible, lecture.
Jah'ks, a 2)lace. Root fornis : lor, lieu.
local, locomotive, locality, lo(;alize, lieutenant.
Loquor, locufufi, to speak. Root forma : loqii. Incut.
loquacious, colloquy, soliloquy, circundocution.
Manus, the hand. Root forms : man, main.
nuinual, maiuiscript, nuinacle, manufacture.
Mitto, missuni, to send. Root forms : mit, misft,
transmit, omit, intermittent, missionary.
Moveo, mo turn, to move. Root forms : mov, moL
motive, promote, commotion, remote, movable.
Nornen, nominis, a name. Root forms : nam, 7iomi?i,
noun, denominator, jjronomiual, cognomen.
JVosco, not urn, to know, to mark. Root form ; not,
notable, notice, incognito, denote.
Omnis, all.
omnibus, omniscient, omnivorous, omnipotent.
Oro, or at urn, to speak ; to pray. Root form : orat,
adore, inexorable, oral, oration.
Pono, posituni, to put ; to place. Root forms : pon, posit
postpone, posture, depository, propose.
Plica, plicatum, to fold. Root forms : pUc, pUcat,
multiplication, simplicity, duplicity, triple.
GUAFTUN'S WURJ) AND SKNTKNCK IIOOK
ICU
Primufi, first. Root form : jyrim.
primor, primitive, prime, primate, primeval.
Iie(/o,, rertum, to rub. Root forms : rey, red.
regent, direct, correction, dir(!ctre88.
tSero, serf urn, to (uit. Hoot forms : see, sect.
])iMect, Hegmeiit, insect, Bectional.
Sefjuor, scent US, to follow. Root forms : soqu, secut.
prosecute, consecuitivo, nubsequent, sequel.
Spivo, splratum, to ])reathe. Root forms : spir, spiraL
expire, aspiration, dispiriting, conspirator.
StOy statum, to stand. Root forms : sta, slat, sist, staiit.
station, obstacle, stable, constant, resist.
Traho, tr actum, to draw. Root form : tract.
attract, subtraction, distract, contracstor.
Tribuo, trihutum, to give. Root form : trihut.
tributary, retribution, contribute, tribute.
Terra, the earth.
terrestrial, Mediterranean, territory, terrier.
Verto, versuni, to turn. Root forms : vert, vers.
adversity, versatile, reverse, jiversion, divert.
Voco, vocatum, to call. Root forms : voe, vocat,
vocation, revoke, equivocal, convocation.
Verus, true. Root form : ver.
aver, verify, veracity, veracious.
Grapho, to write. Root form : (jraph.
monogi-aph, geography, telegraph, graphite.
PJdtos, a lover. Root form : ^>/r//.
I'hiladelphia, philosopher, philanthropist, philology.
Plione, the voice.
telephone, euphony, phonetic, phonograph.
Polls, a city.
police, metropolis, cosmopolitan, politics.
To the Trrtc/tcr.— Have pupils note the part of the (lerlved word found in
the root word ; also add other words to the lists of derivatives and give
their meanings. The infinitive gives the gefural meaning of the verbal root.
170 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
French Words and Phrases
A la mode. In the fashion.
Amour propre. Vanity.
A propoH. To the point.
Au fait. Skilful; export.
Au revoir. Farewell till we meet
again.
Jieaic monde. Tho fashionable
world.
Bete noir. A bugbear.
Billet doux. A love-letter.
Bizarre. Odd; fantaatic.
BlasS. Surfeited.
Bon jour. Good-day.
Bo7i mot. A witticism.
CafS. A cofTee house.
Carte Uanche. Full power.
Chef d\Buvre. A master-piece,
Comme il faut. As it should be.
Coup d'itat. A stroke of policy.
Cuisine. A kitchen ; cookery.
Dibut. First appearance.
Douceur. A bril)e.
Eati de Cologne. Cologne water.
Eclat. Splendour; l)rilliancy.
Elite. A select body of persons.
Encore. Again.
E71 masse. In a body.
Ennui, Weariness,
En route. On the way.
EntrSe. Entry; a side dish.
Entre nous. Between ourselves.
Esprit de corps. The animating
spirit of a collective body.
ExposL An exposure.
Fagade. A front view.
Fait accompli. A thing already
done.
Faux pas. A false step.
Femme sole, A woman unmarried.
F^te. A holiday.
Crarron. A boy.
^'■■t'S d'armes. Armed police.
Jlaut ton. Highest fashion.
Ilnrs de combat. Not in a condi-
tion to fight.
Jeu d' esprit. A witticism.
Laissez ^r//.r. Lci, alone.
3hnn. a bill of faro.
Nalcete. Native simplicity.
Kie. Born.
Keyliiji. Undress.
Noblesse otdige. Rank imposes ob-
ligalion.
Norn de guerre. A pseudonym.
On dit. Tliey say.
Par excellence. Pre-eminently.
Parvr u. An upstart.
Pot-pourri. A medley.
Protege. One protected by an-
other.
Qui vive. Who goes there? On
the alert.
Raison d'etre. Reason iur being.
Resume. A summing up.
liohe de chambre. A dressing
gown.
Sans souci. Without care.
Savant. A man of science.
Savoir faire. Tact; skill.
Seance. A sitting.
Tete-a-tete. Face to face; in dose
conversation.
Tout ensemble. T)ie whole taken
together.
Trousseau. A wedding outfit.
Valet de chambre. An attendant,
17*' d vis. Facing.
Vive le roi. Long live the king.
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
Additional Abbreviations
171
An abbreviation is usually formed by takiii^r tlio first let-
ter, the first and last letters, or the lirst syllable of a word,
followed by a period.
1), V. CJod willinjj^.
1). V. S. DoL-lor of Vuteriimry
Science.
Ed. Editor, Edition.
E. (». or ('. g, I " '1- oxainplc.
Ellff. Eii-^laiid.
Esq. Es(juiro.
et al. And others.
etc. And so forth,
et Heqq. And tiioso following.
£. Hi 0. E. i rror.s and otnissi(
exce[)t(,'d.
)tnissions
A. or ((t. Al.
Acct. or fi/r. Account.
A. D. (Anno Domini). In the year
of (tiir Lord.
A. I), C. Aide-de-camp.
Adj. Adjective.
Adv. All verb.
Act. Aged.
' , M. Ii the iuri>noon.
lint. Aniount.
Anon. Anonymous.
Ann. Answer.
B. A. Machelor ol \rts.
Bjirt, Baronet.
Bbl. or hl)I. Barnd. „. ^ _, ,„.^.
B.C. Ik-itish Columbia. Before F. II. S. i'VUow of the Roval So-
Clirist. ciety.
B. C. L. Bachelor of Civil Law. F. R. S. C. I'^ellow of the Royal
B. I). Bachelor ot Divinity. Society of Canada.
B. Sc. Bachelor of Science. Fur. or fur. Furlong.
Bu. or bu. Jiushel.
Gal. Gallon.
Capt. Captain. Gen. General.
V, B. Cape liieton. Gov. Governor.
C. E. Civil Engineer.
Chap. Chapter. Hhd. or lihd. Hogshead.
CM. G. Companion of the Order Hon. Honouratjle.
of St. JMichael and St. George. H. R, H. Hi Her) Royal Higli-
Co. Company. nes.s,
^0. In care of.
C. 0. D. or c. 0. d. Collect (or Id. The .-.iiii. .
Fall. Falireidieit.
F. 0. B. or f. o, b. Free on board.
cash) on delivery.
Col. Colonel.
Corpl. Corporal
Cr. Credit, Crecutor
Cts. Cents.
Cwt. Hundredweight.
1). Cr L. Doctor of Civil Law.
1). D. Doctor of Divinity.
Dept. Department.
Dls. or Bfset. Discount.
Do. or do. Ditto, the same.
Dr. Debit, Debtor.
I. e. -'i- i. e. (id est.) That is.
I. H. S. Jesu^ the Saviour of men.
Incog, rnknown.
Inst. Thi present month.
Int. Interest.
Jr. Jxini(;
J. P. Justice of the Peace.
K. C. B. Knight Cjminander of
the B.iili.
K. C. M. G. Knight Commander
of S* Michael and St. George.
I
in
GRAFTON'S WORD AND SKNTKNCK HooK
K. G. KiiiK'lil of the Uurter.
Kt. Kiiiglil.
L., I.J or £. Pound stui'liiig.
LaU L)ititu(U>.
lib, or lb. I'ouiid weight.
Lieut, liiculcnaiit.
LL. I). Doctor of liuws.
Long. Longitude.
L. S. I'hiceof thcSeul.
M. Noon. A thousjind.
M. A. Muster <>r Arts.
Maj. IMiijor.
Man. Miinitoha.
M, I>. Doctor of Medicine.
Mdse. iMcrchandisc.
Monio. Memorandum.
Messrs. (k'ntlemen.
Mile. Mftdeinoisello.
Mine. iMadame.
M. P. McndK'r of Parliament.
M. 1*. 1*. Mend)er of rrovincial
l*nrliament.
Mr. jMister.
Mrs. Mistress.
MSS. Mainiscripts.
N, B. New Hrunswick.
Nem. con. No one contradicting.
N. F. New Fouiidland.
No. or If. Nund)er.
N. P. Notary Public.
N. S. Nova Scotia.
N. T. New Testament.
N. W. T. Northwest Territory.
0. H. M. S. On Her ]\Iajesty's
Service.
0. K. All correct.
Ont. Ontario.
0. T. Old Testament.
Oz. or oz. Ounce.
Pay't. Payment.
P. E. I. Prince Edward Island.
Per an. By the year.
Per ct. or /, Per centum, by the
hundred.
Ph.D. 'Doctor of Philosophy.
Pk«r. or pkg-, Piickage.
P. M. Postmaster. Afternoon.
P. 0. Post Office.
P. 0. 0, Post onice Order.
up. I'ages.
Pres. President.
Prin. Principal.
Prof. Professor.
Pro teni. For tiu" time being.
Prox, Nextmontli.
P. S. Postscript.
Pitb. Pul»lisher,i)nbli(',ptd)lished.
Pub. doe. Pul»lic Document.
Pwt. or |MVt. I'ennyweight.
Q. (Question, (^uery.
). C (Queen's Counsel.
|. E. I). W'liich was to be proved.
M. (Quartermaster.
(^r. «»r qr. (^uire.
Ot. or qt. Quart.
(|ue. (Quebec.
B, Recipe.
R. A. itoyal Artillery,
Rec'd. Received.
Rev. Reverend.
R. N. Royal Navy.
R. R. liailroad.
Rt. Hon. Right Honourable.
Rt. Rev. Right Reverend.
Sc. To wit, namely, viz.
Sec. Secretary.
Serg:. Sergeant.
Sq. Scjuare.
S. S. Steamship.
Sr. Senior.
Str. Steamer.
Supt. Superintendent.
Treas. Treasurer.
Ult. Last month.
U. S. United States.
Vide. See.
Viz. Namely.
Vol, Volume.
V. R, Queen Victoria.
vs. Against, in oj)position to.
W. I. West Indies.
Xuias. Christmas.
Yd.
Yr,
Yard.
Year.
ORAPTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE ROOK
language Lesson— Till-: MILLER oP TIIK DEE
There dwelt ii inill(M\ lialo and bold,
lieHi<le the river Deo ;
He wrought nnd saii^ from morn till night ;
No lurk more l)lithe than he ;
And tliirt the burden of hi« wong
Forever used to be :
" I envy no one — no, not I !
And no one onvieH mo ! "
** Tiiou'rt Avrong, my friend," said old King Ilal-
" A8 wrong aw wrong ean bo ;
For could my lioart be light as thine.
I'd gladly change with thee.
And tell me, now, Avhat makes thee ning
With voice 8o loud and free,
AVhile I am wid, tliongh I'm the king.
Beside the river Deo ?''
173
rp
The miller nmiled and doffed his cap.
" I earn my broad," quoth ho ;
*^ I love my wife ; I love my friend ;
I love my children three ;
I owe no one I cannot pay ;
I thank the river Dee,
That turns the mill that grinds the corn
To feed my babes and me."
*' Good friend," said Hal, and sighed the while,
" Farewell, and happy be ;
]iut say no more, if thou'dst be true.
That no one envies thee.
Thy mealy cap is worth my crown ;
Thy mill, my kingdom's fee.
Such men as thou art England's boast,
miller of the Dee/^
174 GFAPTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK
1. Have the poem carefully road aloud in the class.
2 Draw from the pupils as far as possible and develop the meaning
of ,he words: hah, hold, wrought, hlithe, burden, envy, light, sad,
doffed, earn, quoth, sighed, croum, fee, honsf.
Have the i)upils make oral or written sentences, usinL' each word
correctly.
S. Develop the i)lan, incidents, and moral of the story, and impress
them dearly on the minds of the pupils, mainly by questions touching
every important point, as follows :
How many stanzas, or paragraphs, in the story ? The first paragraph
IS about whom ? What three words describe him ? What is said
about his industry ? Repeat his song.
In the second paragraph, who speaks to the miller ? What does he
say about the miller's song ? What would he gladly do to have a heart
as happy as the miller's ? What does ho ask the miller to tell him ?
In the tliird paragrajih, what docs tlie miller do at first ? How does
he say he gets a living ? He loves whom ? What does he say about
his debts ? He thanks what, and for what ?
In tb.e fourth paragraph, what does the king do that shows his sad-
ness? What does he say in his first sentence? What does he say
about the miller's mealy cap? About his mill?
Tell what you know about millers. Tell what you know about kings
Why was the miller happy and the king sad? What is the moral of
this story?
4. Have the substance of the entire story reproduced orally in the
class without questions or assistance from the teacher.
5, Have the pupils make brief notes of the points or topics of the
subject. Let these be well considered in the class, and the pupils,
under the guidance of the teacher, select the important ones, write
then: on the blackboard, and then re-arrange them methodically. It is
of the first importance that the pupils shall learn to note and arrange
their own topics. In doing this they should indicate the paragraphing.
Notes or topics suggested for the reproduction of the poem
above :
The miller : Described. What he did. His song.
The king : Said about the song. So light a heart. Tell him what ?
The miller : Did what? Loved whom? His debts. Thanked.
GRAFTON'S WORD AXD SENTENCE BOOK 175
The king : Plxpression of siidness. Said first. His request. Said
about the cap. About the mill. Men like the miller.
Something about millers. About kings. The moral lesson.
The basis of ever) good composition is correct and clear
thinking, and with yonng pupils the tlu.nght requires more
attention than the expression.
Dean Stanley says of the famous teacher, ])r. Arnold, that
it was his practice to teach, not by down-ponring, but by
questioning, and his questions were of a kind to call the
attention of the boys to the real i)oint of every subject.
This subject having becji taught as indicated above, let
the pupils deliberately write out the story in their own lan-
guage, and state its moral lesson. Those who have a more
fertile imagination, and greater facility of expression, should
be allowed to make additions in keeping with the original.
Do not expect, much less require, all to conform exactly to
one pattern. iNTature abhors such mechanical sameness.
Searching questions should be prepared in advance of the
teaching. No lesson should be so long as to weary the
pupils. There is sufficient work in this exercise for four
lessons.
Such lessons are interesting and valuable exercises both in
composition and spelling. Only a few selections for this
purpose are suggested here, as teachers can readily find suit-
able ones in readers and other books :
The May Queen,
Bingen on tlie Rhine,
The Soldier's Dream,
Lochiuvar,
Abou Ben Adhem,
Alfred Tennyson.
The lion. Caroline E. S. Xorton.
Thomas Campbell.
Sir Walter Scott.
J. II. Leiiih Hunt.
King Solomon and the Bees, John G. Saxe.
Jacques Cartier, Hon. T. D. McGee.
Santa Filomena, H. W. Longfellow.
The Three Fishers, Rev. Charles Kingslev.
INDEX.
Abbreviations, 41, 45, 50, 96,
111, 160, 171, 172.
AnImalH, 38, 43, 4S, 52, 9S.
Arohltecture, 123, 142.
Arithmetic, 45. 80, 104, 118.
Army, 111, 116.
Authors :
Addison 83.
Aldrlch, 137.
Allen, 40.
Aristotle, 78.
Beecher, 38, 82.
Browning, 66, 124.
Bryant, 24.
Byron, 1, 59, 65.
Carlyle, 73.
Gary Alice, 63.
Chesterfield, 44.
Clay, 161.
Dickens, 131.
Dryden, 26.
Dwlght, 133.
Franklin, 37, 56, 57, 116,
Goethe, 32.
Herbert, 100.
Herrlck, 3c>.
Holmes, 115.
Howltt, 14.
Irving, 117.
Jefferson, 27.
Jones, 161.
Longfellow, 99, 134.
Mann, 73.
Marsh, 39.
Moore, 91.
Payne, 32.
I'enn, 108.
Perclval, 30.
Phillips, 141.
Pope, 108.
Raleigh, 78.
Kead, 36.
Ruskin, 18, 103 125.
Scott, 114,110.
Shakespeare, 116, 113, i:.).
Tennyson, 105,
Webster, 161.
Whipple, 138.
Birds, 28.
Boats, 50.
Body, Parts of, 11,42, 101.
Business Forms, 132, 133, 135,
140.
Capital Letters, 14, 19, 25, 30,
31, 58, 75, 83, 128.
Church, 119.
Clothing, 13, 53.
Cloths, 66.
Color, 90.
Compound Words, 59, etc.
Contractions, 91.
Definitions, 4.
Diacritical Marks, 6.
Dictation, 14, 18, 19, 21, etc.
Diseases, 110, 117.
Dogs, 96.
Drawing, 82.
English Sovereigns, 101.
Famous Buildings, 101.
Farming, 56.
Fish, 62.
I< lowers, 35, 105.
Food, 17, 40, 41, 46.
Fruits, 36.
Gender, 87, 90.
Geography, 21, 26, 32, etc.
Geometry, 133.
Grammar, 72, 107.
Gulf Stream, 130.
History, 103, 107, 110, 114.
Homonyms, 60, 65, 71, 77, 81,
8j, 89, 93, 97, 158.
House, 32, 33.
Imports, 63, 94.
Insects, 52.
Language Lessons, 12, etc.
Letter-writing, 42, 47, 51, 55,
92, 94, 95, 9S.
Medicines, 112.
Mlnlnf,', 56, 76.
Miscellaneous Words, 130,
151, 152, IW, 15i, 153.
MoUusks, 108.
Municipal Goverument, 112.
Music, 57.
Names of Persons, 30, 62, 94,
103, 107, 144.
Natural History, 15, 24,30,35,
.39, 48, 52, 60, 62, 72, etc.
Natural Wonders of Dom. of
Canada, 93.
Newspaper Terms, 139.
Occupations, 43.
Opposites, 39, 88.
Phvsics, 121, 127, 129.
Picture Lessons, 12, 16, etc.
Plurals, 22, 38, 63, 64, 68, etc.
Possessives, 86.
Precious Stones, 76.
Prefixes, 104, 108, 111.
Printing, 139.
Pronunciation, 97, 99, 156.
Proverbs, 17, 27, 37, 44, 51,
100.
Punctuation, 23, 41, 45, 50, 57,
62, 69, 75, 86, 91, 113, 160, etc.
Quotations, 75, 78.
Railroad, 143.
Relatives, 26.
Review, 37, 54, 102, 145, 146.
Roots, Greek, 141, 171.
Latin, 136, 137, 138,
140, 164, 165, 171.
Rules for Spelling, 63, 64, 68,
69, 111, 124, 126, 128, 130,
132, 134.
Sound Chart, 5, 6, 7.
Suffixes, 113, 115, 118, 122, 124,
126, 128, 130, 132, 134.
Synonyms. 44, 46, 53, 58, 78,
88, 92, 94, 93, 117, 120.
Syllabication, 163.
Titles, 58.
Tools, 38.
Trees, 24.
Vegetables, 35, 38, 43.
Vehicles, 51.
Winds, 50.
Words, etc., French, 170.
Confused, 106, 109,
112.
" Why Difficult, 147.
IS, 30, 02, 94,
15,24,30,35,
i, 72, etc.
1 of Dom. of
IS, 139.
129.
12, 16, etc.
, 64, 68, etc.
,-6.
,111.
17, 99, 156.
r, 37, 44, 51,
, 41, 45, 50, 57,
, 113, 160, etc.
.02, 145, 146.
41, 171.
136, 137, 138,
171.
ing, 63, 64, 68,
126, 128, 130,
, 6, 7.
5. 118, 122, 124,
132, 134.
46, 53, 58, 78,
, 117, 120.
163.
, 38, 43.
rench, 170.
ised, 106. 109,
Difficult, 147.