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A PRACTICAL SPELLER Designed to Teach the Form, P Meaning, and Use of Commo Wonh are things, and a small drop of Ink, j Falling like dew upon a thought, produces / That which makes thousands, perhaps niillioW,lhi MONTREAL F. E. GRAFTON & SONS 1899 ^'^l^^'iZTnf":^ '"J"' "' Parliament of Dominion of Canada, In the Office of tlie Minister of Agriculture, in tiie year im, by F. E. GRAFTON & SONS, MONTREAJ. PREFACE The essentials of a Spelling-Fiook are : 1. A collection of practical words. 2. A progressive order of exercises. 3. Form, pronunciation, meaning, and use of words taught together. 4. Words presented in sentences and related groups ; as the sentence! not the word, is the unit of thought. 5. Sentences:— examples of good English, containing useful informa- tion, sound moral principles, and ennobling sentiments. 6. Lessons of a character to interest, in order to instruct. STEPS IN A SPELLING LESSON 1. Lesson read orally. 2. Drill on certain sounds. 3. Drill on pronunciation of difficult words. 4. Words containing silent letters and equivalents representing ele. mentary sounds, written on board, line drawn through silent letters, and attention called to equivalents. 5. Words used in original sentences. 6. Words of similar meaning given. 7. W^ords of similar meaning used in sentences in place of original words. 8. Words of opposite meaning given. 9. Lesson written. 10. Words spelled orally. 11. Lesson written from dictation. Teachers can use their own judgment as to the number of these steps a class is required to take. Practice should be given under each rule until pupils can apc.y it It was not found convenient to arrange all the exercises in an order to be followed invariably. The Definitions, Sound Chart, and Exer- nises m the Use of the Diacritical Marks, are introduced before Part 1., as the pupil will have frequent occasion to refer to them The pnncipal list of Abbreviations, Foreign Words and Phrases, and other exercises have been included in Part IV., but are to be taken up in part or as a whole, at the discretion of the teacher. (iRAFTON'S WOIiD AND SENTENCE BOOK Definitions Th© Towela are a, e. 1, o, u, and w and j when equivalent to u and I respectively. The consonants are b, c, d, f, gr, h, j, k, 1, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, ?, X, z, and w or y before a vowel sound in the same syllable. A vowel is a letter which represents a full and uninter- rupted sound of the human voice. A consonant is a letter which represents a sound modified by some interruption during its passage through the organs of speech. A diphthong is a union of two vowels in one syllable ; as, vain, brow. A triphthong is a union of three vowels in one syllable ; as, adieu, eye. Equivalents are 1 iters having the same sound ; as, ea and ©e in steal and steel. Accent is a greater force of voice upon some particular syllable of a word distinguishing it from the others. Words are signs of ideas ; as, oranges, grow, delicious. A syllable is a letter or combination of letters sounded at a single effort of the voice ; as, ve-169'-i-pt"de. A monosyllable is a word of one syllable ; as, I, do, gun. A dissyllable is a word of two syllables ; as, wag'on. A trisyllable is a word of three syllables ; as, el'e phant. A polysyllable is a word of four or more syllables ; as, rhi noc'e ros, hip po pot'a mus. A primitive word is one not formed from any other word in the language ; as,. man, love. A derivative word is one formed from some other word ; as, un man,' lovely, A simple word is one not composed of other words ; as, knife, pen, road, horse, rail. A compound word is one composed of two or more words ; as, pen'knife, horse'-rail'road. GliAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK Sound Chart Vowels a as in ale a " add a ' a arm all A as in fare a '' fast e " eve 6 *' ebb (i as in 6rr i " ice i " ill o " ode d as in 6dd u U u (( t< it use V us 6rn a,*, t/i, A denote modified long) ja, e denote ob- sounds in unaccented syllables. \ \ scure sounds. Diphthongs <5o as in moon (jb it moon ) j oi or oy (unmarked), as in oil, oyster look j ( OU '^ OW '^ " nnf. nwl out, owl b as in rib d f g h " white a = 6 as in what th^re they police girl son move wolf fdrm e = a e = a i = e i=S 0=:U = 00 = (f0 6-a (< << a a a Equivalents u = (K) as in rule U = 00 y = i 3^ = 1 y = 6 9 = s € = k 9h = sh eh = k put style myth m^rh 9ent eat Qhaise " i'horus i( iC (( ii a g = 3 as m gem laugh phase ink gh = f '' ph = f *' n = ng " § = z "^ qu = kw -"^ queen qu = k " pique x = k8 *' box ? = g3 •• ejist 6 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK Exercises in the Use of the Diacritical Marb Copy the table below and learn the marks and their names. — The macron, ^ " breve, tt ft two dots, dot, ^ ** circumflex, ~ *' tilde, bar. t( i " cedilla, ■^ " st(,spe?ided bar, ' " accent. as in ale, Cve, ice, old, use, my " a.xe, (5iid, Inn, odd, up, myth " fatlier, police, all, dg, r\}de ** ask, s6n, what, wolf, bull, gem ** shdre, where, 6rder, ftrn Ormine, virgin, mj^rrh gift, eake, chord, thee, sink, prey (?ity, ghaise " muge, e$ist, eenftte " dishke', sail'or, im'i tate, Bu per in tend' a tt tt (1) Write the word ; (3) pronounce it distinctly ; (3) name the silent letters and cancel them ; (4) name the vowels not silent ; (5) give their sounds ; (G) mark those requiring a mark to indicate their sounds. finl^ lute note mete glaze fall • • talk haul tomb brute ill Mrl haif tub odd add met sort urge share where palm pique laugh po lice donfei what • fern grass worn an thirst dance wal low verge worry wan der her mit branch full ness myr tie • ' H my lip, ♦ r r .1 GKAFTON'S WOKD AND SKxVTENCK BOOK 7 (1) Write the word ; (2) pronounce it distinctly ; (3) name tlie silent letters and cancel them ; (4) name the consonants not silent ; (5) give their sounds; (G) mark those requiring u mark to indicate their sounds. yed^ efdi get gem acid zinc gift gi ant ci der ech ti ger gen tie mer cy crown be gin en gine ma chine Click 00 gim let gen der hag that ink e$ ist was thine link ex alt prism smooth drink ex ert choose with er un cle exhale a muse breathe fin ger ex am pie Write the words, mark the accented syllables, silent letters, vowels and consonants. Vowels having an obscure sound in unaccented syllables may be left unmarked. \^(llst limbs hymn school clos et isl and vict uals walk inof fore head fright ful po ta toes J6h,u thigh CO coa gyp sy bo som ex cept dis ease cur tain isth mus lie o rice del i cate ally' a I'e a cy cle ro bust palm er rac coon Sep a rate nom i nee beef steak / an tip o des knowl eds^e Similar exercises should be continued until the pupils iar with the use of the diacritical marks. a^nt ex act re cess tongue greas y des sert ca price di vi sor her o ine feni i nine vac ci nate become famil> I PART I Copy : ^^Do your. best, your very best, And do it every day, Little l)oy and little drl • That is the wisest way." Copy : Here are twenty words to spell. Is your pencil sharp? Write the lesson on a clean slate. / i: I your tour here mere sharp • harp way say write site spell dell (jleau slate mean state ver y girl mer ry ; whirl 9 10 GEAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 3— a, hat The bell rang at 9 o'clock That is a hat for you. My map is on the desk. Where is Jack's cap? rat back dank fat mat sat lack rank mas ter man gle happy sam pie dam ^^er fast er stran gle sappy tram pie ham per 4 — a, long, ale Copy the sentences and wordb. Mark the long sound of a. What is the baby's name ? Mabel lias a canary in a cage. Make hay while the sun shines. chase skate blaze place mate graze Grace face a ble ta ble a wake re make i; 1 I 1 GliAFTOxX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 6— The Head 11 fore'head' • jaws tongue brain eye veins teeth bones nose ten dons cheek flesh mouth chin f mus cle blood eai* hair lips skin Keep thy tongue fro Wealth cannot buy h scene e ven 6— e, lotlff, eve cede E va re vere the Ne va these Tea was once a green leaf. The stream rises in a steep hill. The field is full of weeds. Coprfc word:. „„d »„„tenees. Mark the lo„„ .ound „f <,. • Generally pronounced fOrg(J. 12 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK Y 7— The Buttercups Copy, learn, and recite. " Whore do the buttercups get their gold ? Each cup is as full as it can hold. Do the stars, I wonder, drop down in the night. And come up in the morning as blossoms bright .^'' 8— The Sea-shore V- V beach sea shore tide boat watch summer bathe fort gulls shov els Frauk pail Copy, putting the right word in each bl nk. sport wa ter happy They take to the . Then they make a sand • '^he high will wash it away. It is great ■ to climb on the old . They like to the big waves ^^ It is their - Fanny and are at the and and see the best fun to ■ dart down to tlie in the surf. It is a They think it the time. i GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 13 9 — i, long, ice knife life shine brine quite • smite slide glide prize rise time lime twice trice fight bright Copy the words. Mark the long sound of ^. Write five words end- sound" ;;£ '^r^ "'^ ^'^■^^- ^^^^ ^- ^-^^ -^^^^ - ^^e, tL 10 hat sprat jack et rack et bow stow mit ten kit ten stock ing mock ing boots roots coat moat col lar schol ar cloak- croak rib bon gib bon >X' John^s coat is made of wool. Children J where are your boots ? My hat has a dark blue bow. 14 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 11 — 6, long, ode choke home ghost loan foal \ poke gnome host groan goal r L be low cold wrote stone blow be stow hold smote hone flow Twelve dozen make a gross. Who wrote this story? Please post these notes. Copy the words and sentences. Mark the long sound of o. 12— Capital Letters Uuic— Every sentence begpins with a capital. Dictation.— George, did you see the sun rise to-day? The sky had a rosy glow in the east. The sun came up like a ball of gold. The robins began to sing. Copy bird broad 13 How pleasant the life of a bird must be. Flitting about in each leafy tree ! In the leafy trees so broad and tall. Like a green and beautiful palace hall. — Mary Hotvitt. L pal ace flit ting leaf y a bout pleas ant beau ti ful j peel core bark juice stem GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 14— The Apple 15 flow ei' seeds roots pulp rind . sweet sour bit ter red green har vest w^in ter rus set pip pin green ing Copy : The apj3le-tree is covered with pink and white flowers in are outside. The core, seeds, juice, and pulp are within. 16— u, long, use ; u as in rule glue mute dune plume tube L nie flute tune flume cube pure lure cui'e dure blue true mule rule re sume as sume W'rite the words alphabetically, and mark the long .ound of „. 16 GUxVFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 16 "V mane tail whip cart wheels shaft rems An nie , Ralph sad die pony- Rob ert How many children are in the cart ? Who rides on the pony ? Do they look happy ? Where are they going ? Copy tlie words. Copy tho questions, ; id answer each with a sentence. ■S 17 — Review — Long Sounds Mary's dog is named Rover. W^hen she comes near he wags his tail, leaps up, and capers round her. He will eat cake and meat. He likes to play, and he will not bite. He is useful, and Mary drives him in a cart, Oopy, and mark the long sounds of a, e, i, o, and u. ^*» Idle b ert itence. GllAPTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 18— Proverbs A rolling stone gathers no moss. A soft answer turneth away wrath. Haste makes ivaste. Look before yon hap. A stitch in time saves nine. Better kte than never A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches. Copy. Make a list of word. i„ italics. Learn and recite proverbs. 17 19 lunch bread din ner sup per break fast beef sug ar * ba con but ter oat meal pork game poul try sau sage ven'i gon pies fruit buns pud ding pre serves r Copy : Bread is the staff of life. The cow gives us butter and beef. The flesh of the deer is called venison. Each day we have breakfast, dinner, and supper Lunch, or luncheon, is taken between regular meals. We Have pudding, pies, preserves, and fruit for dessert.' 20 ir he \\ eat He earn blue lamb busy' knee ]3iece oven guide wrong cough* debt lose' weak col our rpnrl \r J Prouunclatlon.-! sho^og'er ; » d6z zgrt' axe - were worse many a*- ; "blz'zy; ^kflf ; »ldbz. 18 s^nd hash back latch catch drank GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK I 21— ft, short, ftdd saddle glad ly stag ger nar row ham mock hand some gds crab plank tramp Htamp scratch rdt tie trav el wag on scant y ram ble prac tice I will thank you for a match. The happy lass gathers flowers. Crash went the arrow through the window ! Copy the words and sentences. Mark the short sound of a. 22- -The Clock face key case fiff ures hour glass iron min ute hands brass di al ham mer wheel weights wood pen du lum Dictation.— The case of the clock is made of wood. Its fa«e is called the dial. There are two hands to show the time. The pendulum is made of brass. It swings back and forth. The weights make the wheels turn. "See the neat little clock, on the mantel it stands. And points out the time with its two slender hands • The one shows the minute, the other the hour. As often IVe seen in the high church tower. Go must I like the clock ; have my face clean and bright ; My hands, when they are moving, must always do right/* I ORAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 23— g, short, dbb 19 Sdge fence hedge temi^t wedge sm611 shel ter red dish rem e dy wheth er c6nt deaf dense meant health n6xt when necks sweat depth Ben meant to write welL The wedge has a sharp edge. A dense hedge is around the garden. Edward spent twelve cents for a red penciL Copy the words and sentences. Mark the short sound of «. 24— Capital Letters ««ie.-Kame8 of the days of the week begin with capitals. Dictation -The days of the week are Sunday, Monday Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, and SatLay^ ^' Ihe moon's day is Monday. My sister and I play together on Saturday. The first day of the week, Sunday, was named for the sun. Copy 25 Sixty seconds make a minute. How much work can I do in it ;- Sixty minutes make an hour, All the work that's in my power. Four and twenty hours a day, . , Time for work and sleep and play. To tHe TeacHer.-GWe an oral drill on the lessons given to vowel sounds. aO GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCK BOOK 26—1, short, m city skip still quit milk miss script whist prim kissed which bring width bridge kit ten switch , glimpse fringe Write the words alphabetically. Mark the short sound of *. Stiff knit click wink cling print y 27 — In the School-room ml er Cray on pict ure teach er schol ars wall class shelf seats chart black board chairs satch el tran som reg is ter pro gramme pen wip er pens globe pa per shut ters neat ness writes on the sit in their — The-— The^i-i- A pretty . hangs on the . The . on the belongs to Henry. I have in my desk , , ^ ^nd waste bas ket at ten tion — witli a -. \ The teacher praises ns for — Throw scraps of in the ^ is made of cloth, and and . — , not on the floor. — are made of steel. Copy words. Copy sentences, putting the right word in each blank. To theTearher.-ExpUm each lesson when it is assigned. In Lesson Lc'umls'ir^oeV""^^^ "" ""^'^ ''''^^''y- CairattentJont h^ b^rd for thl "^ ^^~'^ '"' ''"'''' «q"i^^^«"t«' etc.-using the black- board for this purpose. Let them read the sentence^. HiiinrTfK. blank. With the proper worUs. ' " — ^^^^^ i stiff knit click wink cling [)rint J era ess tion lank. esson o the )lack- GKAFTON'S \V(nU) AND SENTENCE BOOK 28—^, s^hort, ddd 21 / c6fiin for est bot tie gloss y bon net con cert 8h6p knob notch lodge dodge knock m6ck rock et pop py ti'ot ted hoi low pock et fttnd bod y con vey of fence be yond con verse' Knock, knock ! Who's there ? Turn the knob and walk in. Will you take off your bonnet ? Cotton grows in hot countries. Copy the words and sentences. Mark the short sound of o. 29 — Geography Dictation.— We live on a big ball. It is called the earth. It moves through space. Part of the surface is land and part water. The sun gives ns light by day. The moon and stars shine at night. Copy: 80 Great, wide, beautiful, wonderful world. With the wonderful water round you curled. And the wonderful grass upon your breast, — World, you are beautifully dressed.— Z?row«e. live earth great dressed ball night round sur face light woi'ld called beau ti ful gives moves breast won u.er xui space through curled beau ti ful ]• 82 GIJAFTON'8 WORD AND SENTENCE BOUh. 31 — a, short, tls ciiist jtiiiip jlist htit "giy brush dust luck drum struck buzz mush (iamb crutcli snug shrub bunch rub ber crumb pump Copy the word.s, and murk the short sound of u Write the words Of four letters in h cohm.n. Write the words of five letters in a column. 32 On your way to scliool you may see roads streets gar dens chil dren men stores hous es church es gates parks hors es sta bles Write the words in a column, and by the side of each for one object of the kind. wom en av e nues lamp-posts car riag es write the word ale stun stand re fuse rhom as 33 — Review of Sounds tray seud tank three those cuff then sank frost sheep Mark the lon£ and the short sounds of a, e, i, o, stop shed snow string stump u. wh?f ?.' ^*'7'^^;-"^^« the pupils fit.«^. .r.>ly, In complete senteneeB, what they actually saw on their way to scboc i L'nll the pupUs on giving tue long and the short sounds of the vowei'i. I GRAFTON'8 WOUD AND SENTENCE BOOK 84 — Qnestion-mark Rule. A question mark ih follows a question. Ar thur, a pron, pock et, sletives, baru yard, hay- stack, ham mer, diiv er, cask, hoop, bar rel, emp ty. Write five questions about tiie picture, using a word from tiie list each. lU 86 Copy, learn, and recite : " Among my tender \ incs I spy A little fox, named By-and-hy. Then set upon him quick, I say. The swift young hunter. Right-away,' £4 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 36— The Tree BlcJallon.— Ill the orchard stands a tree. Rnin and mmlune have nude it grow tall and green. Its roots go deep down into the (/round to find>o^/. This food is called the mp of the tree. The sap flows through the irunk, the bra,ic/ies, and every leaf. Every spring duds apiioar. The buds open to blussoms. The blossoms fall to the ground and leave the frmi to grow and ripen. > Study the words in italics for an oral spoiling lesson. piue larch Lol ly cedai* spruce cy press asb elm oak beecli ol ive pop lar 87— Trees alder lua pie eb o ny wil low . hick o ry chest nut birch lo cust lin den wal mit rose ^vood pal met'to Those in the first cohunn are called evergreens. Whv ? Which tree gives us sirup ? oil ? nuts ? pitch ? gum ? black wood ? red wood ? tar ? cones ? acorns ? pods ? catkins V berries V Copy : 38 What plant we in this apple-tree P Buds which the breath of summer days Shall lengthen into leafy sprays ; Boughs where the thrush, with crimson broast, Shall haunt and sing and hido her nest ; Fruitb that shall swell in sunny June, And redden in the August noon. And drop, when gentle airs come by. That fan the blue September ^ky,— Bryant, i r aUAFTON'S WORD AND 8Ex\TENCK BOOK •a, Italian, arm— 39— a, droad, ftU 26 scar start calm smart \ lard dart snarl large spark talk • • stalk chalk waltz d^vart' bald claw yawn drawl swarm Well begun is half done. A dwarf on a giant^s shoulderB sees farther of tlio two. Ciialk IS a soft kind of limestone. Copy words and sentences. M,,.], Italian and broad sounds of «. 40— Capital Letters iJule.-Names of months begin with a capital. Jan u a vy May Feb ru a ry . J^j^e Marcli ju i^ April All gust Sep tern ber Oc to ber No vem ber De cem ber Thanksgiving day comes in November Christmas is the twenty-fifth day of December (liwen \ u-tona was born in :\[.iv, 1819. Our longest day is in the month of Jiine. 41 Uopy and learn : Thirty days hath September, April, June, and November ; February, twenty-eight alone ; All the rest have thirty-one ; ilxcept in leap-year, then's the timo VVhea February has twenty-nine. 26 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 42— Relatives k papft son aunt wife fa ther sis ter Diece kin dred moth er broth er un cle hus band par ents chil dreu cous in grand fa ther mam ma' daugh ter neph ew grand daugh ter 43 — Geography Dictation. — There is three times as much water as land on the surface of the earth. The largest bodies of water are called oceans. There are five oceans. They are named Atlantic, Pacific, Arctic, Antarctic, and Indian. The water of the ocean is salt. sea pond lake pool bay riv er creek canal gulf brook rap ids glag'i er strait sound riv u let cas cade' cean chan nel cat a ract fount ain Copy: 44 111 habits gather by unseen degrees. As brooks make rivers, rivers run to seas. pony medal cor ner med die mus tard par ing mor tar pea nuts char coal floun der hoe ing peel ing tor ment scrib ble pres ence -Dryden, dingy hat ter stick y crip pie grate f ul To the Teacfter.— See that the pupils pronounce Arctic correctly : ark'tic, not ar tic ; aut ark'tic, not ant ar'tic. L- It 'M ORAFTON'P WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 45 — Proverbs 27 Speech is silver, silence is gold.— German Proverb. An unlucky word, once escaped from us, cannot be brought back with a coacli and six.—Chinese Proverb. Wlien angry, count ten before you speak ; if very anffrv a hundred.— :Z7i07/ias Jefferson. 46 Write a story about the picture, lesson : L Edith lives aunt fii'st visit conn try chick ens using the words from the following 47 feed shoo grain they eat away hens roost er 28 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 48— Birds gull ra ven lark owl swaa par rot her on crow wren ostrich o'ri ole dove quail -pig eon blue jay crane stork pea cock vult'ure eagle cuck'oo hawk swal'low bob link grouse par tridge . nightingale • spar' row Which of these bir,l» have you seen? Which are named (mm the WMch^^^tZr *"''''- "^o -' si.^-^ Which ea„ .wi.1 49— What Birds do and have coo caw chirp cheep car ol hov'er war ble twit ter whis tie mi grate soar whir poise perch pin ion beak tal on wings feath ers plu'mage Make ten sentences, using in each the proper form of a word from Lesson 48 and one from Lesson 49. Ex, : The crow caws. 60 Copy, learn, and recitfi ; f< Around each tender vine I plant I find the little fox / can't. Then fast as ever hunter ran. Chase him with bold and brave / can.'* GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCFil BOOK 29 61 lean lame lamp metal mer ry mid die Copy, learn, and recite : on ly ripe soul noise or der rust of ten Rov er south my self rum pie sor ry mis take quar rel seven uaugh'ty pres ent shad'ow " No me in trying, lags and whines This fox among my tender vines ; Then drive him low and drive him high. With this good hunter, named I'll try," 52 taste thief wake year wool teach thirst un til stood un less waste worth sprang try ing whale wreck sto ries tum We up set whose spo ken thought up per young Copy, learn, and recite : " A little fox iR hidden there, Among my vines, named / don't care. Then let I'm 5orr?/— hunter true- Chase him afar from vines and you." 2-6 c«e reac/i^r.-Explain the meaning of the vine, 2.nd foxes, and let the pupils tell the story iu their own language. 80 GBAPTON'S WOBD AND SENTENCE BOOK 53— Capital letters ««(..-A proper name begin, with a capital. Names of persons are called proper names. f-f^ Paul Lucy Elk ^oha Henry Maud Elsie Roger Isabel Edith Philip Thomas Arthur Eob ert Walter giHsTnfflvro'jro.r^- "■'"' '- ^■""- '"-"- -^ -'- — o. Copy: From my study, I see in the lamplight. Descending the broad hall stair. Grave Alice and laughing Allegra And Edith with golden hair.-Lonff/ellow. 54~The Sponge DIctation.^Take your sponge in your hand Tf once a living animal. It was fastened to a rotk a Z botto of the sea. Then it looked like a Uge pie L o beef hver. You are holding the skeleton of the sponge liold holds held hold ing clam cor al ^ sponge oys ter fast en fast ens fast ened fast en ing bones fi bres an i mal skel e ton Copy : Beep in the wave is a coral ^rove, Where the purple mullet and gold fish rove.~P.mm/. into Deads uud other ornaments. ~ ^ariv^uo colours, and is nmdn J GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 31 was 55— The Sponge Dlctatlon.—The sponge is first a small yellow egg. moves about ered it. Then it was washed and dried in the sun. It in the water. Soon it fastens itself to a hard surfrice. Its food is the minute animals found in the wa- ter. The small holes on the side of the sponge are mouths. Little tubes lead from the mouths through the sponge. Name ten objects seen in the picture. Write a story about getting sponges. 56 Bictatlon. — Divers go to the bed of the sea to tear the sponge from the rocks. It is very difficult work. Before the sponge could be usedbyyou,ithad to lose the dark red jelly that gov- 82 GRAFTOxWS WORD AND SRNTRNCE BOOK 67— The House floor closet c6J lar attic porch garret hearth entry par l< )iii- fire place man tel j^an try kitch en chiin ney fur nace li bra ry Tuu-s er y cup Ix^ard ' door step stair case Copy the words. Write a list of tho parts within the house. Write a iist of the parts without the house. Be it ever so humble, there^s no place like home. TT . . — '^ohn Howard Payne. Mo 18 happiest who finds pence in his \\omQ,-.Ooethe, cape island^ con ci nent pen iu'sii la 58 — Land isth mus head land moun tain prom'on to ry prai'rie pla teau' vol ca no ta'ble-land plain 6'a sis val ley des ert North America is a . An is a small body of land surrounded bv water. A high cape is called a . are higher than hills. A high i)lain is called a . A is almost surrounded by water. Capes and promontories are sometimes called , The interior of Mexico is a . or The Indian once roamed at will over our vast . The of Panama is the link joining North and South America. Fill in tho sentences with words from the list. Use the form of a word meanmg more than one where the sense requires it. Prouiiui-iatioii. ^1 Kub bi^T^ThnKr I! v-^RAPTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE Kitchen — 69 — Dining-room BOOK 88 tongs basin poker shov el dip per buck et coal-hod grid i ron sieve stove broom ket tie scut tie dust pan skim mer sauce pan urn chi na plates sau cer gob let tea cup tu reen' plat ter Tell the use of five objects in the first cohimn. Tell nal five objects in the fourth column are made. fork spoon table cru et cast ers nap kin turn bier side board of what mate- Bed-room— 60— Parlour soap bowl tow el bol ster pitch Br scis sors nee dies thim ble sheet lounge pil'low bu reau blank'et mat tress bed stead cov er let / vase car pet mir ror cur tain has sock book case arm chair ot'to man sofa stool scarf music pi a'no por'trait cab i net cush ions SpWfi ^'' T^' ?^ P"^ ^^'"^ ^"*^ ^^'^^^^^^^ ending with a perio^ sen tence car j'iage l)ic ture ea gle Ar thur on ion ba sin re fu§e' mi grate Edith lily dai ey bu re3U tu reen Eu rope pony OS trich mo ment 70 — Beview let tuce rai sin cur rant for ward ber ries rhu barb spin ach Eng land chis el u meant wrote please ev ery qui et ache Christ mas pi] low mead ow scis sors pump kin thim ble pitch er ba na na a pri cot beau ti ful Feb ru a ry po ta toes j=:-. --3W.., — - - ml iJ8 GRAFTON'S WOliD AND SENTENCE BOOK 71 — Geography Dictation — Torrid means hot. The Torrid Zone is the hottest part of the earth. It is always summer there. The rain falls almost every day for six months. The rest of the year the ground is parched. palms cof fee cot ton sa'go spi ces li on j% ii ar' ca ca'o cam phor in di go gi rMe' In di a-rub ber * cam el m6n.'key sug ar-cane Sl'e pMnt ser pent go ril la croc o dile leop ard file adze rake spade plane gouge square lathe wrencli shears 72— Tools le ver au ger gim let mal let pinch ers chis el lev el trow el hatch et cork screw Write the words meaning more than one of each. Which tools are used b;- the carpenter ? the mason ? the blacksmith ? the gar- dener ? ° Copy : Pins are made i brass wire and coated with tin. Ten persons are employed in the manufacture of a single pin.^' A man is a great bundle of tools. He is born into this hfe without the knowledge of how to use them. Education 18 the process of learning their use, and dangers and troubles are the whetstones with which to keep them sharp.— F. W. Beecher. Pronunciation.—) lu'dl a-rQb'bgr. I GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 39 I 73 — Opposites right find strong gay rare ac cept in door cease obey wrong lose weak sad com mon de cline out door con tin ue dis o bey dry near sweet quick ly alike a'ged apart prop er some where moist dis tant sour slow ly un like youth f ul to geth er im prop er no where 74 — Sugar-cane Dictation.— Sugar-cane is a kind of grass. It grows twice as high as a tall man. The stem is Jointed. The leaves are long and look like ribbons. It grows in warm countries. When the canes are ripe, they are cut and taken to the mill to be pressed. The Juice is boiled and then slowly cooled. The sugar is a soft mass in the middle, with molasses all around it. It has to be made white for our use This is called refining it. loaf refine joints leaves liq uid hogs head mo las'ses boiled sev er al plan ta tion Lou i si a'na West In 'dies ^ juice cane mill scum Copy: The systematic study of the mother tongue, like that of all branches of knowledge which we acquire without study 18 naturally very generally neglected. — Marsh, Pronunciation,-! wgst In'dlz. £^c-.: ■ ■.rssr- -■■-..,::-. j:l:j^- 40 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 76— Food toast tarts veal bis cuit ^ sal ad mut ton gru el crack er cooky waf fle 2 hon ey c^tch'up broth sir loin 5m'e let muffin por ridge chow der 76 dump ling sand wich dough nut sauer' kraut ^ cus tard suc'co tash Beautiful eyes are those that show. Like crystal panes where hearth-fires glow. Beautiful thoughts that burn below. Beautiful hands are those that do Work that is earnest, brave, and true. Moment by moment, the long day through.-^ Allen, Learn, and write from memory. know bruise sneeze rinse can dy va pour bal loon no tice e lev en e nough 77 er rand nei ther thir'teen be cause fMr'y ques tion scare crow of ^ cer an oth er neQ es sa ry Write in columns v ords of one syllable, two syllables, three syllables and four syllables. ' Dictatior .- -The sum of eight and five is thirteen. Did you place a question-mark after the question ? Cinderella is a fairy story. Pronunciation.— 1 biB'kIt ; "wOf'f'l; »80ur'krout nee sage mace yeast cloves GRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 41 78— Used in Cooking soda gin ger pars ley pep per nut meg all spice ggr a tine choc o late sal e ra'tiis buckVheat va nil la vin e gar hom i ny tap i o'ca cin na mon e 79 Dictation : Mace is a covering of the nutmeg-. Pepper and allspice are berries. The inner bark of a laurel tree furnishes cinnamon, (dinger is the root of a plant found on the island of Jamaica. i^'Z^Z^: '™' ''«^'^^-'""»-* ^ *-^ t"'"' grows in Sun day Mon day Tues ^ay 80 — Abbreviations ®u*i- Wednes day Mon. Thurs day Tues. Fri day Sp,t ur day Sat. Wed. Thurs. Fri. weer.^hellr"* ^I''Vl' abbreviation for the first day of the week , the last ; second ; fifth ; third ; sixth ; fourtii. Holidays Ash Wednesday Dominiu,, Dav (iood Friday q^i,..„i, • • "^t^ Easter ^ i mnk«g,vi„g Day L'hristnjas Write why eacli of these days is celebrated. 42 (JI{AI<"r()NS WORD AND RRNTEN(M^3 IU)()K Copy; 81— Letter i M!:^'^'ii-^€>/&^U^^:4 /jy/f- >«^^?»' -# '€if CJC^/i^^ .^4^i^i!^/^dUyt^'^^€:?!^^ y^Y^i^^ ',^ui:Zii^y-i^?^^/z^y.^^Z(;^::^^ .^f!^u^^, no«. Tlio Nortl, lonipeml. Zone is tlio luoBt purt of tl.o 1 lioro are fotu- in the Tornperntc . They uro ', , and . Tlierc uro inoiitliB iu eucli soa- son. Copy, aud fill in the blanks with words from the list. 85 i' goat otter •* deer pan ther ■T wolf squir rel moose buf fa lo rab bit an te lope oats corn maize bar ley ?e're al flax hemp to bac CO tim o thy mul ber ry The silk worm feecln upon tlio loaves of tlie mulberry, torn, wheat, rye, oats, and barley are called cereals. 44 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 86— Outdoor Sports fish ing rid ing driv ing skat ing sail ing ten nis play ing mar bles row ing leap ing bowl ing coast ing boat ing cro quet ^ Jump ing base ball bath ing nut ting swing ing sleigh in^ ^ Write answers : Which sports do we have in summer ? lu winte: In spring V In autumn ? r! L 87 — Words of Similar Meaning arch curve hank skein * bluff cliff neat tidy bench blithe fleet set tee' joy OU8 nim ble quaint queer twain strange droll coup le gruff glum tenth tithe gang crew van front giv er do nor wont hab it prison dun geou ' peo pie per soni 88- -Proverbs Whatever is worth doing at all, is worth doing well.— Chesterfield, If a task is once begim, Never leave it till it's done. Wg can do more good by being good than in any other way. L, Pronunciation.—' Kr6 ka' ; ^ alft'Ing ; » dQn'jlln ; * ekfin. ! L, i I ORAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 90— Arithmetic 45 89 — Geography source po lar ax is cli mate or bit sav age cir cle e qua tor motion hori'zon Jai ly ze nith yearly parallel add plus sum sub tract min u end sub tra hend re main der tropic bemi sphere multiply aiitum« pole ge og ra pLy mul ti pli cand prob lem mill ti pli er pr5d 'uct di vide div i dend di vi sor quo tient proof a ritb me tic 91 — Abbreviations JRuie.—A period follows an abbreviation. Mis ter Mr. ^-^ Mis tress * Mrs. Doc toi' Dr. Charles Chas. George Geo. bar rel bbl quart ^ qt. yard ^ yd. pound lb. bush el bu. Mister and Mistress GeorgG Brown bought ten yards of carpet. Doctor Charles Smith has one barrel of ilour. I picked three bushels of cranberries in September The boy bought one quart of milk and one pound of beetsteak at the store. Copy the lesson, using abbreviations and figures in place of words. 1 Mistress was a title formerly given to a woman havins. powor ,„fhorit" or ^nne »The aSblTn • , """""^ ""^ P""""« '^« abbreviation is commonly uLd The abbreviation of quarts is gts. ,• of yards, yds. 46 (JUAFTON'S WORD AND SRNTENCF HOOK 98 II toil beap quoth sell moat jest ruge seize dirt joke so heme scowl frown sti'ay la bour trick tilth pile scrub trench gapo })awn scour yawn gov em pledge (li rect wan der Write in parallel columns wo nls of similar meaning. 93 — Christmas Dinner soup tur key on ions ice-cream rolls squash sauce cake pick les po ta toes mince-pie fruit eel er y gra vy plum-pud ding con' serve Copy : At Ohrjstmas play, and make good cheer. For Christmas comes but once a year. — Tusser, 94— Mabel Knight's Party 1>irf afioii. — TTow many do you think were invited ? Eiglit girls and seven boys. There were only two whose names I knew. Mrs. Knight thought tlie boys made too much noise sometimes. She liked to have them merry, fjaura Fay sang some pretty songs. Ralph Howard made every one laugh by trying to whistle a tune. It snowed when we went home. No one had an umbrella, but all had warm coats and thick shoes. TotheTearhttr.—Miex dictating a lesson, have the pupils open their books and correct their own work, or exchange slates and correct one another's work. i GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 47 9t.— Letter Bead over Lesson 81. MONTUKAL, V. Q., My DEAR Elinor: M'/^'-HO, mi. . Ijas^^ery J^i^^li^yonr letter. Mamma and I are m the -^i^. They are on nide. In the morning, I play or with three friends. There are things I can do in the afternoon. I can drive with mamma on a road that leads through the . It IB — and the are singing in the branches over our heads. We can climb the mountain and pick . We can go to the and for trout ; but we never catch any. I have five pounds. I would to make some purchases of you and Julia. Your Bute. sev er al ber lies ev ery mount ains friend like sha dy glad brook cro quet birds woods ten nis fish receive gained Write the letter, putting the right word from the list in each blank. Copy : Here's daisies for the mom, primroses for gloom, Pansies and roses for the noontide hours ; A wight once made a dial of their bloom,—' So may thy life be measured out by flowers. — Hood. T^nnmons,-Gloom, twilight ; mghf, a person ; dial, an m- strument for showing the time of day. — . !^ !I^^ in abed in the order of their hours for bloomiiiff bo that th«» would thttfl ten the time of day and become a floral clock. ^^' "** ^^^^ ^^^ 48 (iliAFTOX'S WORD AND .SExVTENCE BOOK t ! 96 SUentl 97— Silent b bslk al mond ' tomb dumb Iv calk sdlm on ^ jamb plumb er balm be calm plumb numb ness alms em balm doubt climber salve balm y debt or comb in^ hiilves psaliu crumbed doubt ful Copy, and draw a line throngh each silent I and silent 6. 98— Frigid Zone Dictation — Frigid means frozen. The Frigid Zones are the coldest parts of the earth. The sun shines there a part of the year. Winter is the only season. They are the small- est and least known of the zones. It is thought that not a single human being lives in the South Frigid Zone. 99 seal er'mine floe moss es whale rein 'deer Lapp li'chens * sable po lar bear au ro'ra red snow wal'rus • ei'der-duck snow-hut • ice bergs Dictation.— The chief wealth of the Laplander is his reindeer. A rich man has more than a thousand. The reindeer, when alive, takes the place of the cow and the horse. When dead, its fur is used for clothing, its horns for spoons and cups, its sinews for bow strings and thread, while its flesh and tongue serve for food. To the Teacher.— A dictation lesson may be given in several ways : with- out previous study by the pupil ; after the pupil has locked at the lesson a short time ; or after the lesson has been written. Variety is the spice of Bchool life. Pronunciation.—^ ii'mund ; ^ sam'Qn; s ll'kgns or JIch'g»iB. OIIAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK 100— Song of the Gra^s Blades 40 ti Peeping, peeping, here and there. In lawn and meadows everywhere Coming up to find the spring, And hear the robin redbreast sing ; Creeping under children's feet, Glancing at the violets sweet, Growing into tiny bowers. For the dainty meadow flowers ; — We are small, but think a minute Of a world with no grass in it I ** Copy, learn, and recite. 101 We should be - good cor dial help ful civil frank sin cere thought ful bli'ging prompt lov ing ge ni al gen er ous hon est truth f ul stu di ous o be di ent no ble care f ul pa tient tem per ate po lite hope ful colirt e otis in dus tri ous 102 We should not be — mean stin gj rude im po lite curt cru el surly dis hon est proud self ish care less cow ard ly lazy un kind haugh ty quai' rel some sulky fret ful de ceit ful di§ hon 'our a ble saucy sul len tat tling dis o be di ent To the Teacher,— M6. the pupils in giving orally the meaning of the words in Lessons 101 anct 103 : also let them make complete, short sen tenc«B, using the words both orally and in writing. 60 ORAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK 103— Abbreviation! Jan u a ry Jan. Feb ru a ry Feb. March Mar. A pril Apr. May May June June A Ju ly July August Aug. Sep tern ber Sept. Oc to ber Oct. No vem ber Nov. Be cem ber Dec. The spring montliH are Mar., Apr., and May. The summer months are June, July, and Aug. Sept., Oct., and Nov. are autumn mouths. Dec., Jan., and Feb. are winter months. Chill Dec. brings the sleet, blazing fire, and Xmas treat. Copy the sentences, writing full words for the abbreviations. 104— Winds 106— Boats gale gust breeze squall zeph yr tern pest ^y'clone si nioom' • ty pho5n' tor na'do whirl wind hur ri cane barge yawl sloop yacht ^ do'ry g6n'do la ca noe • • cut ter schoon er ves sel frig ate steam er Copy : /- > phyr is a gentle breeze, .'•^.^iane make canoes from birch-bark. By an old law, gondolas in Venice are painted black. The hot, ary wind that blows in Arabia is called a si- moom. To the Teacher,— Interest the pupils in Lessons 104 and 105 by a conver- sation about the diflferent winds and bouts. Talk wUh pupils rather than to them. ' I'roiioniice yot. L aRAFT()X'S WORD AND SEJfTENCK BOOK M 106— Letter -, 189- Baturday — holiday — mother — spend — picnic — pond — - lunch — basiiot — swing — grove — berries — - tisli — please — disappoint ^. Write the letter as if it had been written to you by a friend. Use the words in the order giveu, and begin the first word of every sen- tence with a capital. 107- —Vehicles 108- -Silent t gig ecu pe' bus tie nes tie chaise se ddn' bris tie soft en sled car i ( )le chris ten has ten sleigh cm rii bus gris tie rus tie sledge char i ot glis ten this tie hack i buggy l^ha'e ton jos tie wres tie am bu lance hus tie lis ten Copy the words. Mark out the silnut letters in Lesson 108. 109— Proverbs— The Bible A wise son maketh a glad father. A merry heart maketh a cheerful countenance. A good name is rather to be chosen than great riches. He that ruleth his spirit is better than he that taketh a city. rt ...e_«afi/isr.— Prnvorbs and maxims should be committed to memory Explain the meaning as far as you can ; time will do it more fully. GRAFTON'S WOliD AND Sl^lNTENCE BOOK purr hum low grunt squeal yelp howl quack growl mew 110 — Animal Sounds bleat cl lick neigh ^ croak go!) ble snort cack le whin ny bel low chir'rup squeak roar scream buzz screech Write the name of an animal, and the sound il makes, using the proper fovm of every word in the list. Ex. : Cats purr. Bees hum. bee wasp flea lo cust hor net Copy : gnat moth roach bee tie crick et 111 — Insects ant wee vil ^ mos qui 'to '' glow worm silk woi'm drag on-fly bum ble-bee but ter fly ka'tydid grass hop per "'TIS the middle watch of a summer's night, — The earth is dark, but the heavens are bright ; The winds are whist, and the owl is still ; The bat in the slielvy rock is hid ; And naught is heard on the lonely hill But the cricket's chirp, and the answer shrill Of the gauze-winged katydid. And the plaint of the wailing whip-poor-will. —Drake, 112— The Ant Dictalton. — The fighting ants would starve to death if they did not have slaves. They attack a colony of working ants and capture the eggs. When the captive ant grows large enough, it has to do all the work. It brushes its mas- ter, feeds hirn, and carries him around on its back. Pronunclatloa.— ina; i>w6W'l; •mOake'tft. I ! GRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 68 113— Clothing hoae mackintosh veil gloves gai ters scaif era vat col lar hood skirt trou sers ruf fie shawl hand ker chief * neck-tie 114 — Words of Similar Meanings late tar dy soul snug cozy rob I'ash has ty rich grim surly erect hurt in jure loose ^ sole sin gle com fort 1 1 5— Choice of Words Read and write the following sentences, first with one set oi. words and then with the other. muff boots tip pet par a sol o'veralls spir it 'pluu der fer tile up right un bound con sole l] '>*' It 18 Much _A great deal brouffhtn ^ « , , J to US 111 letcned J "lands i_distaiit_ riittle"] oiir tea comes is brought_i far T'^^y countries "ships _steamers_ over the ijy I ,. I olivo P"''"?'' l_tiiiy J Lpieces. and TheP^'t. , LearlieBt__ best est 1 Fsteamers tea. The boxes are all picked _gathered_ carried to „ rChman from \ J L Japan J sailors "] „ irom marmersj "oceans"! ^ , lake the seas _ ""^'''' 1 them r^^"^^^ .unfoldj Lwith care produce' make iway"! . Fswift ~] _off J Lfast-sailingJ "world"] _giobej.* ' 1. 3areJ leaves Lchoic- of the _borue "lands _everyj |_country_ Pronunciation.— > ban kgr chlf . » Notice diflforeuce in souod of s in lOOse aad iQ^e. r 54 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK lie- -Review ache bruise bu'reau could ac cept' are 'tic care'ful dai'sy a f raid' bis'cuit ' car'riage cur'tain a gain' ' au'tumn cel'er y col'oured al'mond ba nii'na chim'ney con'ti nent an'i mQ,l break 'fast Christ'maB cran'ber ry 117 differ ent friend health'y juice dough'nut gi raffe' help'ful knife ear'nest gru'el hom'i ny knuckle' ei'ther e qua'tor ho ri'zon laugh el'e phant er'rand hy'a cinth l6arn e nough' Feb'ru a ry in'ter est ing isth'mus 118 maize mo las'ses o'a sis rai'sin li'chen mos qui'to bilge' pict'ure liq'uid moun'tain om'e let pitch'er mat' tress nei'ther os'trich pleas'ant mi'grate neph'ew oys'ter prai'rie min'u end niece par'al lei pump'kin 119 I ! y i rhu'barb skein tongue zone rough sleigh tor'rid whose sal'mon sev'er al un til' would schol'ar skel'e ton tem'per ate wrong scis'sors spin'ach thous'and ze'nith sen'tence squir'rel vol cfi'no writ'tea Pronu iieiatioi3.— 1 agC n', wo^agiln'; 'bls'klt; sni ik'k'l. PART II 120 ** If fortune, with a Rmiling face. Strews roses on our way. When should we stop to pick them up ? To-day, my friend, to-day. But should she frown with face of care. And talk of coming sorrow. When shall we grieve, if grieve we must ? To-morrow, friend, to-morrow." Copy, leaiii, and write from memory. 121- On the Writing-desk ream quill quire stamps rul er tab let blot ter wa fer let ter e ras er ink stand fools cap pa per-weight port f ol io mu ci lage en'vel ope pen knife post al-card die tion a ry seal ing-wax t- Write the words alphabetically. To the Teacher — Give the pupils frecpieut practicu iu letter- writing. Ttie parts of a letter to be taught are : 1. The Heading: place and date. 2. The Salutation, or Greeting. 3. The Body of the Letter. 4. The Conclusion: closing words and signature. 5. The Address : name and residence of tiie person addressed, written on the left ; in business letters, just above tlie Salutation ; in familiar letters, just below the Conclusion ; or sometimes omitted. G. Superscription: aMvenmni t]nnin\tilo\)ti. Put models on the l)l.ickb( ard. Drill on each part— its proper place, capital letters, and marks of r uactuation. See pp. 42, 47, 51, 93, 94, 95. etc. 56 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 122 — Geography Dictation. — The Dominion of Canada extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean. The five Great Lakes are on the south. Hudson Bay is in the north-east. Starting at the west, let us journey across our country. Near tlic Pacific Ocean is a great highland. The Rocky Mountains are a part of this highland. Gold, silver, and many other valuable minerals are mined here. / 123 — Mining zinc rui ca gran ite lode lead sul phur g^p'sum shaft quartz car bon pMt'i num min er cop per salt pe'tre min er al tun nel ni tre mer cu ry me t^riic der rick e~ 124 Geography Dictation. — Tlie Great Plains lie east of the Rocky Mountains. This is a grazing region. Thousands of buffa- loes used to feed here. Next come the fertile prairies along the Saskatchewan River. Grain grows in this plain. The Laurentian Mountains, where timber is found, and the fertile valley of the St. Lawrence, finish our journey across the Dominion. !l^ i ; 126- -Farming plough har'row stgr'ile fer tile reap er mow er thresh er fariow clay ey bar ren toggy ar'able scythe sick le swamp y fruit f ul loam'y marsh y al lu'vi al gua'no He that by the plow would thrive Himself must either hold or drive. — PranJcUn. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 57 »m the Lakes untry. Rocky r, aud le aft n er anel r rick Rocky bulfa- I along i, and )urney ile gy ble 'vial QO 126 — Marks of Punctuation , Ooiiima ; Semi-colon : Colon . Period — Dash ? Interrogation ! Exclamation ( ) Parentheses [ ] Brackets Apostrophe - Hyphen •• Diaeresis A Caret * * * or Ellipsis . . Ellipsis or Leaders * Star t( a t Dagger X Double Dagger Quotation || Parallels j Brace «[ Paragraph § , Section ^^^ Index Copy the marks and their names. 127 Dictation.— A little neglect may breed great mUcMef: For want of a nail the shoe was lo8t ; for imnt of a shoe the horse was lost ; and for ivant of a liorse the rider ivas lost, being overtaken and slain by the enemy— 2i\\ for want of care about a horseshoe nail. — Franklin. Re-write, using words from the following list in place of the words in italics. fell lack steed foe so pra'no ^I'to con trdl'to ten or bar'y tone cause killed caught slight bass so lo du6t' tri'o quar t6t' cho rus har mo ny stum bled horse mau in ju ry loos ened 128— Music • clef trou ble ueg li gence un fas tened at ten tion to ti'ump et staff spin et harp or gan lute trom'bone ^yi'^ mu si cian J harmony cor'net or'ehes ti'a Write the words, and mark every long sound of a vowel. To the Teacher.— Teach the pupils the use of the Marks of Punctuation one by one, as they come up in other lessons. ' ill ka 68 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 129— Capital Letters / JBule.— Titles, when applied to persons, begin with capitals. Dictation. — The famous Duke of Wellington won the battle of Waterloo. I met Sir Walter Scott at his home, Abbotsford. Among the guests were Senator Benton and Judge Story. We called on President Lincoln at the White House. ' 130- -Titles king vis'count * in ay 'or count prince bar on sen a tor judge duke bar'on et em per or queen mar quis pres'i dSnt czar ^ ad mi ral earl gov ern or stir tan com 'mo dore Copy : 131 Either tlie English or the French language may be used in debates in the Parliament of the Dominion ; but in the Quebec Legislature, both languages must be used in the records and journals and in the printed Acts. — Miles. } wor 132 — Synonyms (j, wasteful ll fearful ^ ru ral I plag'idk ar dent hard y Write the words in the first two columns, and opposite each write a meaning from the last two columns. / Be rene' ^ com ic 5 pii'trid ^ ea ger J rud dy / lav isli ■i rus tic Ijta^'it ^turbid ^tur dy . ;s6m'bre tim id i-f si lent gloom y^y mud dya fl5r'id i- rot ten J mirthful 5^ Prouunclation.— > vi'kouQt : *zSx, gym'nast gypsy eu'gine mar gin GRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 133 — ^ soft, gfem gib lets horn age 59 gen'ius * gen'u me mag 'is trate gym nas'tics gym na'gi um gib bet gen teel' gen e sis herb 'age ^ gest'ure Write sentences using the words engine, engineer, gesture, genuine, and gymtiaaiics. 134 — Compound Words _ A word formed of two simple words is called a compound word If It has been in general use a long time, its parts are joined like the syllables of a simple word ; if not, a hyphen is placed between thera. Make as many compound words as you can of the following simple words; find out from the dictionary which should have a hyphen. Ex. : Rainbow, snow-bound. hand foot school pen work shoe saw ball mate knife shop string made step book man table black 135 cart stool house hold er bag maker maid race girl box folks nail C How many rompound words can you form, using as the first word head? play? home? Copy : Mont Blanc is the monarch of mountains ; They crowned him long ago. On a throne of rocks, in a robe of clouds. With a diadem of snow. — Byroii. What and where is Mont Blanc? What is meant by " monarch of mountains"? -throne of rocks"? "robe of clouds"? and "diadem of snow"? PronuuciatIou.-> jeu'yfia or je'ui Os ; » erb'Aj or herb'^'. 60 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 136 — Homon3nns cent, a com 1 •{ Bcent, an odor sent, did send j plum, a fruit ( plumb, perpendicular g j stare, I stair. to, as in " Give it to me" 6 •{ too, as in '' too cold " two, a number { threw, did throw G •< through, as in '* through the air stare, to look earnestly a step ^ j fir, a tree ( fur, fine, soft hair ^ j fore, in front ( four, a number 8 earn, to get or merit by labor urn, a vase Write the sentences, putting the riglit word in the right place. It is not what wo (8), but what we save that makes us rich. — Prov. A bird in the hand is worth (5) in the bush. — Prov. We (1) the silver (8) (5) them. I^ remember the (T)-trees, dark and high. — Hood. A (1) is one-hundredth part of a dollar. Prunes are dried (2)s. A dog has (4) feet, but the (4) feet are the two front feet. And all the world would (3). — Coivper. The (1) of the roses will hang round it still. — Moore. Who (6) the stone (6) the window? Rus- sian sable is a costly (7). (5) many cooks spoil the broth. Masons test a wall with a (3)-line. White marble (3)b lead to the Capitol. 137— The Pate Palm Dictation. — The date palm is the most useful tree to the Arab. The wood is used for fuel and building. The leaves are made into baskets, brushes, ropes, and mats. The fruit is his food. Wine and vinegar are made from the juice. The young shoots are cooked and eaten. Oil is made from the seeds. , V /^ fJRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 138 — Silent g ,' 3 61 gneiss sign feign ^ deign gnarled phlegm gnash re §ign' as sign be nign ma lign' poig'nant sov'er eign di'aphragm ^luiin pagne'^ as sign'ment gnu gnariea ar raign gnaw phlepjm con dign im pugn for'eign cam paign' de sign y Copy the words. Draw a line through silent g. 139— Geography ";' Alaska was from in 1867. Its shores are washed by tlie Current, a stream of warm water that flows from the Japan Islands the Pacific Ocean. The winds blow over this and make the mild and moist. There are large forests of , fir, , and pine. The is magnificent. High , deep , and immense are numerous. The are chiefly Indians and They fish and hunt. The seal fishery is the most iu the world. Sitka is the . Copy, and fill the blanks from the first list of words below. 'val leys pnr'chased Kus'sia ^ ce dar current across spruce scen'ery cap i tal gMc'i ers in hab'it ants val'u a ble cli mate Es'ki m6§ Ja pan' mount ains stealth trough thrift vague voice whiff trait vogue spa twilled vault fierce ooze cruise browse shrimp wrought squeeze grudge sword ^ Prouu:aciatlon.-i niB ; a fto ; s itt&a' ; * sUm pan' ; Tash', ; • sord. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK eel cod carp perch bass trout pike shar^: shad smelt 140— Fish dttl'phm sarMifne had dock suck er miu'n6w her ring mack'er el pick er el stur geou hal'i but Which fish are used for food? Which are caught in fresh water? Which are caught iu salt water? Which one takes its name from an lelaud? 141— The Cod Dictation,— The cod is one of the most important fish used for food. The chief fishing grounds are the Grand Bank of Newf oundhmd and places in its vicinity. Here there is a great abundance of small fish and other marine animals on which the cod preys. The cod is usually prepared for the market by salting and drying on frames called " flakes/' 142— Comma Rule.— The name of the person addressed should be senftrafflfl hr a MAm««. or commas from the rest of the sentence. separated by a comma 1. Edith, where is your sister ? 2. Please open the win- dow, Robert. 3. Wait, Harold, until your friend comes. Hel en Blanche Agnes Ber tha Fran'geg Em i ly I rene Mar i on R^iph Guy Rich ard Fran'§is Ed ward Al f red Ed mund Her bert Write three sentences, using the name of a person addressed at the beginning, at the end, and in the middle of a sentence. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 6d 143— Imports jut le wool leii8 por'ce lain I vo ry cord aire an clio'vies gut'ta-per'clia silk al CO hoi cttcb'i neal ^ wines jew el rj chem ic als CO logne' ' liard'ware gum-ar'a bic 144 Look for goodness, look for gladness. You will meet them all the while ; If you bring a smiling visage To the glass, you meet a smile. Copy, learn, and recite. —Alice Cary, 146— Singular and Plural JJM?«.-Some words form their plurals by adding g Table, one object, is singular. Tables, more* than one obiect is plural. Write the phiral form of each word in the list below! ^' fool lock feast hook priest del ta an gel se cret dra ma f el low mask fos sil han die hel met freck le liq uor ® lad der lob ster mar ket ma'tron 146 Dlctatlo„.-The ship "Neptune/' from Calcutta, has The schooner - Zephyr " sails from Havana loaded with sugaj^^molasses, oranges, bananas, cigar,?, and mahoj Pronunciation.— 1 kfilon' jgany, ' kOch'Inei ; » llk'Sr. 04 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 147- -g hard, fig gift ga })le tar get guest girt gir die gal lop gauze gild giz zard gar gle guard gear gher kin gey'ser giddy gimp gib bona gal'lant giggle geese gew gaw gaunt' let gain ea Write the words. Mark the short sounds of a and i. 148— Singular and Plural Rule.- Some words form their plurals by adding e8% box gash loss hero lash hoax dish ech o sash torch inch re bus tress patch mesh negro leech witch sketch mot to couch punch ac tress tor pe'do Write the words in a column, and opposite each, its plural form. 149 Rewrite the following sentences so that every word in italics will mean more than one. The hero wore a helmet. A lobster is for sale in the mar- ket. A fossil was foiuid in the ledge. The box has a handle. A torpedo was placed in the fort. The dish is on the upper shelf. A tress is a ringlet or curl of hair. The man carried a torch in the procession. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 05 160 — Homonyms 1< air, what we breathe e'er, ever ere, before 1^ heir, one who inherits 2 j sail, of a ship ( sale, a Bellinir selling „ j holy, sacred ( wholly, completely plain, level ground ; clear 4 -l piano, flat surface ; tree ; tool rain, water from clouds f) •{ reign, to rule rein, for a horse „ ( coarse, rough ( course, way -, j collar, band for the neck ( choler, anger j dying, ceasing to live ( dyeing, colouring Write the sentences, putting the right word in the right place. Westward the (G) of empire takes its vftiy.— Berkeley. 0, there is sweetness in the morning {\).— Byron. (3) angels guard thy hed..— Watts. How gladly would we buy time were it for (2). How beautiful is? the (5) after the dust and heat— Lony fellow. The top of my deyk is a (4) surface. What ! drunk with {7).— Shakespeare. The (7) was made of cloth. ■ We thought her (8) when she slept. The Prince of Wales is (1) to the English throne. Russia is almost (3) a vast (4). Write home (1) the ship (2)8. The (5) guides the horse. The cochineal insects furnish a red colour for (8). Shakespeare lived during the (5) of Queen Elizabeth. And Ardennes waves above them her green leaves. Dewy with nature's tear-drops, as they pass, Grieving, if aught inanimate (1) grieves. Over the unreturning brave, alas ! (1) evening to be trodden like the grnas.—Byron. lb the Teacher — Lead the pupils to understand the meaning of the quotations and express it in their own language. 5 66 GKAFTON'S WOUl) AND SENTENCE BOOK • 151 —Cloths jedii sat in si kVsi a cal i CO baize vel vet nie li'no al pac'a serge flan nel cam 'brie dam ask plush nius liii bro c'ilde' cor du roy liii (Ml ino'haii" cliCv'i ot cas'si mere twoed do laiiie ging ham vel vet een' cluutz broad clotli cash 'mo re seer'suck er 152 DIoialloii.— Liiioii is mado from Mio tibros of flax. Most of the linen nsed in Canada comes from Hiirope. Vel- vet mado from cotton is ealled velveteen. Alpaca is mado from the wool of an animal that lives in the Andes Moun- tains. Calico was named from Calicut, a town in India. 153 Copy, learn, uiul recite : The year's at the Si)ring ; The day's at the nu)rn ; Morning's at seven ; The hill-side's dew-])earled ; The lark's on the wing ; The snail's on the thorn ; Ck)d's in his heaven ; — All's right with the world.— 7j'r)/>} >f 1 A way to teach the use of quotation marks : Teacher: Anne, ea> something to me. Anne ; It Ib a pleasant day. Teacher: Bertha, make a sentence telling what Aune has said. Bertha : Anne said, " It is a pleasant day." Teacher: Class, write Bertha a sentence. 70 6 'pal I'll by to paz 6'nyx agate GRAFTON'S WOJil) AXIJ SENTRN(;K BOOi^ 182— Precious Stones beryl jas per mir net moon stone blood stone cam o em er aid di a mond car'bun cle car nel'ian ^ am'e thffit raal n ohite ' tnr quoige' ^ sap'piiire ** la'pis-Mz'u \i 183 Dictation.— Ireland is called the Emerald Isle from its verdure. The best opals come from Hungary. Diamonds are found mixed with gravel in the earth in South Africa. The Romans believed that wine drunk from a cup made of amethyst would not intoxicate. 184 Copy, putting the words from the following list in place )f the italicized words : A Roman matron, who was ver^j rich and fond of shotv, once visited Cornelia, a Roman mother, who was very ) proud of her two sons. The lady exhibited her gems to Cornelia, who in her turn /ailed in her two sons and said'^ to her friend, '' These are my jewels." showed ^ vis it or 9 dis play ^ ' op'u lent ex treme ly sum nioned jew els ' re plied i, equal ly 185 — Minerals fel'spar flint nick'el ar'se nic bo'rax graph'ite ox'y gen bi tu'men sand'stone em'er y pum'ice quick'sil ver Pronunclatlon.-i kSr ncl'yon ; a mill'a kit ; s tflr koiz'; « eaf Ir or sfif gr. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 186 — Homon3rini 77 ewe, a female sheep you, person addressed yew, an evergreen tree o j cruel, unkind ( creweJ . soft yarn g ( choir, a band oi' singers ( quire, 24 sheets of paper ^ ( bough, a branch ( bow, to bend; front of shiji g j knead, to work dough ( need, want n j stake, a post ; it wager I steak, a slice of meat ^ j gait, manner of walking ( gate, a kind of door main, chief 8 -l mane, hair on horse's neck Maine, one of the U. S. Put the right word in the riglit place. I had most (5) of blessing.- Shakespeare. May I join the (3) invisible.— 6^eo. BHot. (l)s and bleating himhs.— Mil- ton. Added woes may (4) me to the gi'oimd.—Fojje. (2)a are used in embroidc y. (1) must (5) the dough to make good bread. The man who walked tlirough the (7) had a peculiar (7). Have a care for the (8) chance.— Butler. Twenty (3)s make a roam. He bought a slice of sirloin (fJ). Me. is the abbreviation of C8). The Mistletoe (4) is a poem. Like a dew-drop from tli ' lioa's (8). Joan of Arc was burned at the (G). The wood of the (1) was used for mak- ing bows. cleft pyre brief copse corpse clench cleanse 187— Diflacult Monosyllables flaw g< id flare dealt freak fraud fledge chasm dredge farce guile gloat gorge gourd liege lapse weii'd grease mould mourn league rouge roo^ue shone pri^m pierce olaef-ue scourge 7b (iUAl'TON'S WORD AND SKNT. i ENCE BOOK 188— Singular and Plural Jtul^,- Letters, marks, and figures are made plural by adding an apostrc pne and s ( '»j, *^ Blcimioii.~Dot your ?",>» and cross your /'.«?. ITow many ^'.s- aro tlioro in Hcparate? Tlio + 's are between the G'.v aiid 7's. n„tp. -Of most compound words, only that part is made plural which is descnbed by the rest. foot ball foot balls father-in-lavvr fathers-in-law draw bridge draw bridges hanger-on liangers-ou foe man foe men ear ring ear rings flag staff fing staffs pail ful pail f uls court-martial courts-martial spoonful spoonfuls 189- -Synonyms de clare' a ver' as sert' af firm' col lect amass ecu cede al low al lay as siia2:e zearous ar'dent ap pall af f riojht con cern' af fair' at tacli ap pend con sent a g'ree pac'i fy ap pease re voke an nul can eel a borish dis cuss 1QA ar'gue Copy : Aristotle, being asked what a man could gain by telling a falsehood, replied, '' Not to be credited when he speaks the truth." Sir Walter Raleigh said, '' Hear much and speak little ; for the tongue is the instrument of the greatest good and the greatest evil done in the world/' GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 191 — Geography 70 Dictation. — Paris is tlio second city in the world. It has very beautiful gardenw, where one can enjoy bright flowers, trees, fountains, and statuary. The povv })eople sit in these gardens, knitting and sowing, wliile the children play about. The Seine * flows through the city. The oldest (;hurch in Paris, Mire Dame'' (Our Lady), is on an island in the river. 192—6, short nSv'er tern per per ish cher isli wed lock nStli'er skep tic cher lib her aid blem ish thread bare ped dler Copy, and mark the short sound of e, 193 fei'ou zeal ot stead y peas ant threat eu pl6a§'ure mgn'tal jdeii ty pet rel jeal ous weath er m6a§'ure Dictation. — "I desire that my ashes may repose upon the banks of the Seine, in the midst of the French people, whom I have ever loved." So said Napoleon in his will. Under the dome of the Hotel des Invalides ' (Soldiers' Home), in Paris, stands the red granite sarcophagus in which his ashes repose. Around it are twelve statues of Victory and sixty flags captured by him in battle. An oral spelling of difficult words should precede dictation. sluice thyme* whoop suite' spouse shrift type Avreathe realm manse scribe theme writhe myrrh nhrase Pronunclatlon.-i ean ; " nOt'r-diSm ; sotSl'-dcz-ang'valeed ; *tlm; sswSt. 80 GliAFTONS WORD AND SENTENCP: BOOK 194~€, €h, hard, like k, €at, chorus com'pass cul prit cur ly cur few com et com j)lete' cu'po Li ciic'tus cttui'rade c/ib iu ca ble com pute' clia'os chrome cliro mo clirou ic clio ral cliem ist chori? cliyle chyme chol'er a chron'i cle cliar ac ter corumii complex'iou Christian chame'leon rate terms prime digit ze I'o acre cu bic fac tor frac tion a] i quot dis count ex am'ple 195 — Arithmetic in te ger dec i mal mul ti pie in ter est com pos'ite nu'mer a tor a mount prin ci pal di vis'i ble in sur ance bro'ker age per cent' age nought hun di'edtli de uom'i na t(^]- ilv oir du poi§' W ril e the di^ni s. Oopy from an Arithmelic liio defluitions of integer, fraction, deciuial, and multiple. 1 96 — Geography Pu'get Ja mai'ea Ha van'a Fun'dy Van cou'ver Whit'ney Ilec'hi Ilal'i i^x O'ma ha Que bee' Win'ni peg Ath a bas'ca St. Johns Wy o'ming Mis sou 'ri Ber'ing Flat'ter y Yu ca titn' Write in a column, and opposite each tell what it Model : Kcw York | city | IS^cw York. Su pe'ri or Hat'te ras As sin i boi'a Ches'a peake Al be marie' Man i to ba is, and whert. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 81 197 — Homonyms ba i--^ break, to part by force brake, foi stopping wheels ; 5 \ ^^'"^^^^ ^^^''^^ ^^^^ > ^^ ^^^""^ a fern ^ ^^'^^^' healthy week, seven days weak, feeble waist, part of the body waste, a desert ; to sqnan- 7 \ ^'^^^' P^'* ""^ ^^^^ ^''^* ^gj, ( heal, to cure piece, apart; a composition ( peal, a loud sound r> j wait, to stay ( weight, heaviness peace, quiet 8 I peel, to strip off the skin Put the right word in the right place. Achilles was slain by being wounded in the (7). A (4) of banana (8) should not be thrown on the pavement. The (l)ing waves dashed high. — Hemans. (5), holy light. — Milton. The engine whistled '* Down (l)s.^' What is your (6)? I lay me down in (4) to sleep. — Willard. Physician, (7) thyself. — Bible. If you are (5), you cannot be (2). The deep thunder, (8) on (8), afar. — Bf/ron. There was a belt about her (3). Sunday is the first day of the (2). Learn to labour and to (6). — Longfelloj;. (3) not, want not. — Prov, 198— a, lon(; ft'li as fa'cial ef face' fa'tal a gen cy pa'tron va'cant ba zy ma ni fic sta tion en gage' ba bel brace let an cient be came azure fa vour ite pa rade' pro fane ha tred va por ize dra'per y dis place man ger Copy the words and mark the long sound of a. 6 S'^ GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 199— cy, sy, zy Jui cy tip sy po sy mazy spi ay fuss y pal'sy diz zy fan cy moss y pro sy era zy fleecy mass y Aim sy breez y mer cy- drop sy glass y driz zly ; Dictation. — The elephant's trunk serves as a nose and a hand. He uses it to pick up a pin, untie a knot, open a door, tear oif large branches of trees, and feed himself. 200 — Drawing point line crook ed ver'ti cal tor i zon'tal per pen die u lar lengtli ob li'que'^ breadth ra'di us angle di ag'o nal ra'di i di ani'e ter bor der tri'an gle free-band pen'ta gon dis tance hex a gon per S23ec'tive a cute' ob tuse ob'long 201 Copy : The sun does not shine for a few trees and flowers, but for the wide world's joy. The lonely pine on the mountain- top waves its sombre boughs, and cries, "Thou art my sun I " And the little meadow-violet lifts its cup of blue, and whispers with its perfumed breath, ''Thou art my sun ! " And the grain in a thousand fields rustles in the wind, and makes answer, " Thou art my sun ! "—Beecher. cream choose cheese beg gar ci dor fi nSsse' ^ bead blaze ost1^ oflif. an chor cen tre qI xxratTa Proiiuiiclatiuii.- 1 OblCk'. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 83 J 202~Capitals Bule.-k capital letter should begin every word or title denoting the Deity. G5d Lord Christ Jes us Dei ty The Son The Word The Lamb The Fa ther The Sav iour The E ter na] The In fi nlte The Cre a tor The Ho ly Spir it The Om nip o tent Je ho vah , The Al might y The Su preme Be ing 203 Dictation. — The spacious firmament on high. With all the blue ethereal sky, And spangled heavens, a shining frame. Their great Original proclaim. The unwearied sun from day to day Does his Creator's power display, A.nd publishes to every land The work of an Almighty \vdnd.,-^Addison, See ing squal'id un couth' col oured o paqiie' ra di ant Touch ing warm smooth rough tep id ttieek un e ven 204 — Known by Smell ing ran'gid f ra grant per fumed o dor ous ur o mafic Tost ing lus cious pun gent bit ter in sip'id de li'cious Hear ing clear loud in dis tinct' ech o ing muf fled noisy 34 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 205 — Geography What to write about a river : source, direction, mouth, for what noted, cities on its banks. Dictation. — The Rhine rises in a glacier in the Alps. It flows northwest, across Germany, to the North Sea. It is divided into Upper, Middle, and Lower Rhine. More than a million travellers visit tlie ^Fiddle Rhine every year. The river winds between hills. Sometimes they are covered with vineyards. The famous Rhine wines are made here. There are many ruins of castles, each of which lias an interesting legend. Cologne is at the lower end of the Middle Rhine. Take the difficult words as a spelling lesson. Write an account of a river, using topics. 206 height count er la zi ly ach Ing re suit awk ward hes i tate sur prise con fess bus i ly ^ spe ciai ^ quan ti ty wrig gle aca'cia^ mus cles syl la ble fir kin gen tie man vil lage scold ed anx i e ty u su al ly pro tect gos sa mer Arrange the words in columns according to number of syllables. 207 Dictation. — A monosyllable is a word of one syllable ; a dissyllable, of two ; a trisyllable, of three ; a polysyllable, of four or more. Pol'y means many. Man is a monosyllable ; ma?i ly, a dissyllable ; man li er, a trisyllable ; e man cipate, a polysyllable. -Ok-'^Aw. IfronuuciMiloM.— ^ bikiliy , - aka'sha or& ka'siiift ; a spSsh'al. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 85 208 — Homonyms leaf, part of a tree or book ^ j base, mean ; foundation lief, willingly ( bass, a part in music great, large, noble , , , ^, . grate, to rub ; iron frame 6 '^"^f > f ^^^h^^g ^ for fire ^ ^"^^^*' ^^^^^^^ ^^ ^^-^^ heard, did hear herd, of cattle lain, reclined lane, a narrow road^ 7^ right, opposite of wrong rite, a form i' Wright, a workman ^ write, act of writing i 3 Q Write the sentences, putting the right word in the right place, I see the (7), and I approve it too.— Ovid It is a long '^'^-(4) that has no turning.— P7'oi\ We all do fade as a (1).-^^ Bible. Do what .you i^), come what mav. Baptism is a religious (7).^^ie (2) fighes eat up tjie little ones.—Skakes- peare. I li^<\^^£LSMJly). A ship (7>,wm^in a ship- yard. Have yoir(%) (g) against him ? It is af^ thing to betray a man who, has trusted ^vLj-Prou. A bright fire glowed in the (2). The bwjngYs)* winds slowly o'er the lea. — Gray. I never dare to (Tj an funny as I can. — Holmes. The book has (4) on my table several days, ^ i 209 — 0, long ■ pro pose' so'cial fo'li age com mo'tion ^| post pone tro'che ^ di ous en no ble ^U en close ro dent CO pi ous pre CO cious3 H e lope ro tate gUf ri ous vo'ta ry H| en core' * flo ral de co'rum post script WM v»^itli hold home ly cor ro sive no ti fy ^^t Pronunciation.— laakir' ; a tro'kfi ; » pr^ ka'Bhta. rflii 80 OTtAFTON^ WORD AND SKNTENCl': BOOK 210— Apostrophe (') ( 1 To a singular noun add 'f> ; boy's «ule.—7L'o denote possession -< 2 To a plural noun ending in » add ('); Sing. girl lady mail child scliol ar POss. Sing. girl's la dy's man's child's scliol ar's boys'; not ending in s add 's; women's. I'iurul. girls la dies men chil dren schol ars Foss. Plural. girls' la dies' men's chil dren's sc hoi ai*s L \ V - 211 Bielatlon. — The cat's claws are long, sharp, and curved. A equirrers nest is built in a tree. A bee's cell is always six-sided. A deer's antlers are longer tlian an ox's horns. The fiy's wings are gauzy. Rewrite the sentences, making all the names plural. 212 ab sence fuzz go plier la p6l' at 0111 cleat ojriz zlv loi'ter bar gain clev er haz ard lag gai'd but ton e clipse liu iiioiir loz enge cat kin en cir cle jock ey ma chine' glut ton fa tigue' ker'o sene med'i cine / 213 Bletallon.— The shati.nv of the earth falling upon the moon gives us an eclipse of the moon. Kerosene is made from petroleum. The blossom of the willow is a catkin. A lozenge has four sides. / aUAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 214— A Legend of the Rhine. 87 More than a thousand y^ars ago, Charlemagne, the great ' emperor, v^'arffurird in tho3/(/ historic city of Aix-la-Cha- pelle. . He loved ihSbeautiful :^iiuo more than all ihAcd of \mvust dominions. It had 'pretty villages all along its borders, ri6'A fields of grain in its valleys,'^rtrM vineyiirds on its hill slopes, and gray old castles on its7^/y// and rocky peaks. A (iermau ley end says that his spirit, at a certain season of the year, revisits the Khine. At InL^eUieim, on a bridge of golden moonbeams, he Qi;osse8 the rivir and waii- ders up and down its banks, ledvlny a Uessiny everywliere. He then returns to his tomb and sleeps until the appointed season comes again. .^ 215 Rewrite tho legend, using words below in place of italicized words. / rul er ^ an cient ' I tow er iiig /Jfor tress es Bto ry 9 ver dant I ex ten sive /at tract ive roams t fruit fill sep iil clire ap pa ri'tion slum bers be stow ing ^pic tur Ssque' clen tombed c6l*e main der ben e dic'tion stream stat ed ^ 216 —Masculine and Feminine he ro her o ine beau host host ess wiz ai-d act or ac tress sir god god dess bach e lor heir heir ess wid ow er jan i tor ja^i i tress man serv nut maid serv ant proph et pro])h et eso land lord land la dy bell© mad am maid ^pin ster wid ovf Copy the masculine naro^^ acd writ<^ from • iii,,rv tbf feminine opy tse leoiiiiuic iiMMca and wnLe from laemory ihm masculine form for each. / 88 GItAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 217~Opposite8 ^ ab sent be stow' de stroy free (lis 2)erse e merge pre§'ent re ceive' con struct cap'tive as sera ble im merge' guilt'y stub born in te'ri or fail ure de crease' em'i grate in'no cent yield ing ex te'ri or sue cess' aug raent im'ini grate 218 iyciaiaon„~The Pilgrim Fathers were forced to emi- grate to America. Shall the Chinese immigrate to our shores ? Venus is supposed to have emerged from the sea. He said, "I am immerged in a sea of trouble." • Give the meaniug of emigrate, immigrate, immerge, and emerge. 219 — Synonyms ef fort en deuv our re past' col la tion in close' en vel'op de cide de ter mine re vere ven er ate spring'y e las tic lack ing out ward down 'cast a tone' con fuse de ride de fi'cient ex ter nal de ject ed ex'pi ate be wil'der rid i cule I » lyv 220 ^fet'TCTx''"''' 'i''^'''^ "' ^^'^ "^'^^^^^ I^all- French-Canadi- ans revere^ie memory of J^ayal. You must not %-idTiU unfortunate. Xoiioplion "rfe^V/V^lo march through the wil- derness to the fcuu. A light heart gives a sm'i7ig^ step. Rewrite the sentences, using synonyms for the words in italics. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCK BOOK 89 - j rap, to knock ( wrap, to cover 221 — Homonyms ( vain, UHeloKs ; proud T) j vein, a blood-vessel j peer, an equal ; a noblon-.an ^ ^'^"^' '*• ^veather-eock (pier, su})port of i bridge ( draft, a bill of exchange 3 ( colonel, an army officer '' j '^''''''S^'^' ^'^''^'^^^ ^^ ^lii* ; I kernel, central part of a nut iJ^"^^ , .^ ( cellar, an underground ] straight, direct < seller, one who sells Copy the sentences, putting the right word in the right place. (5) is the help of nvdn.—Bible. In song he never had his {2).~Dri/de?i. Strive to enter in at the (4) gute.—Bible He cut a (5) in his hand. (1) on the door. Shallow (6)s in- toxicate the brain.~/V^. The (2)s were of granite. A (3) commands a regiment. The (7) of wines keeps his stock in a (7). A (5) was on the church-steeple. (1) up warmly for the road is bleak. The (3) of the nut serves the squirre/ for food. 222— i, lofiff sa li'va en vi ron en ti tie vi'o late viy§Lry piety i'ci cle pli a ble di a ry li a ble si pbon bi ped Copy the words and mark the long sound of t. braid ex am ine coax beard ex cur sion skull bloom de light ful hoarse bleach in struc tion a piece con fide' com bine re cite sur mise re quire com i^rise pi' rate brin y mi nus li bel li nal vi per ra zor ven'ture whith er smoth er 90 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 223— Colour di'ab scar let saf fron ma roon' ail ])iirn pur pie cit'riiie mad der rus set sor rel taw ny mauve 1 ver mil ion lav en der ma ggn'ta ul tra ma line' Dic'ftilioii. — 'I'lie colours of the rainbow are red, orange, yellow, -V'\-J Skye Spitz puppy set ter col lie poo die mas tiff point er span iel bull dog 243— Dogs ter ri er mon grel shep herd stag hound re triev er 244 grey hound St. Ber nard' blood hound black-and-tan New 'found land Dictation.— " The life of many a shepherd among the Highlands of Scotland has been saved by his collie. The shepherd, finding himself lost in snow or fog, turns to his dog, and orders him to ' be off home.' He must speak in a peremptory tone, almost angrily, pei'haps, else the faithful animal will not leave him. He does leave him at last, how- ever, with hanging head and tail. The shepherd notes the direction and follows.'* To the Teacher.— Let the pupils describe any of the dogs that they have seen, and tell stories showing the intelligence, fidelity, and bravery of dogs. / doz. gal. st. av. ft. He, '>i^^y\^ 1 and the The his in a iful ow- the bave logs. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 246 — Homonyms 97 Write (lie sentenocs, choosing tho right word. The past is not (holy, wholly) (vane, vain, vein), if rising on its (wrecks, recks) to something nobler (we, wee) attain.— Lonyfi'lhKr. In the morning (sow, sew) thy-^«cccl, cede).— Bihh. Tlien he said, ''Good (knight, night)," und with mu filed (o'er, oar, ore), silently (road, rowed, rode) to the Charlestown shore. —Lo7i(j fellow. The heaviest (dews, dues) fall on clear (nights, knights). The (pale, pail) light of the moon is the reflection of the (son's, sun's) light. " (There, Their) graves are green; they may be (scene, seen)," the little (made, maid) yq^\\q([.— Words ivorth. 246 — Pronunciation dauDt twelfth coine'ly bel'lows * brooch * a dtilt' com mand' as sume' njfmph de sist' a' re a cask'et crea'ttire ^ ad van(^e' dig arm' git'i zen cou suiue' diggbt' gha gi'in' ^ dj^c'tile 247- Geography Dictation.— The Congo Free State is in Central Africa. It is one-third the size of the United States. It is drained by the Congo Kiver, one of the largest rivers in the world. The soil is fertile. Coffee and cotton grow wild. About 25,000,000 negroes live there. Some of them live in stone houses and cultivate the ground. Ivory has been their chief export. A race of dwarfs, or pygmies, is also found in the Congo forests, ^hey are skilful hunters, digging pits to entrap elephants and hippopotami. They use poisoned ar- rows in warfare. Pronunclatlou.-i brOch ; a krC tAr ; s ehagrin' or Bha grSn' ; « bgl'lfii. 7 88 GRAFTOiVS WORD Ax\D SENTENCE BOOK 248— Superscription of a Letter ' Col. G. ?>. AVaiTcii, 16 Bioad St., - Otta^va, Out. Draw three envelopes and address each as below, using abbreviations. Doctor James Smith, Toronto, Oiitiirio. Mister James Kussell Chaniberliii, Stunstead, Province of Quebec. Professor E. I. Badgley, ]5elloville, Ojitario. 249 — Animals eik, lynx, mole, toad, ze'bra, cham'ois (sliiiniSva), raccoon, i'bex, niar'mot, Jack'al, por'cu pine, gazelle', musk'rat, liy e'na, car'i bou, o p5s'sum, chim p^n'zee, guin'ea-pig, rlii n5c'e r6s, bab oon'. 250— The Camel Dictation. — The camel is called '' the ship of the desert." "Without it the great deserts could not be crossed. Its broad, clumsy feet do not sink in the sand. Its eyes and nostrils are protected from the sand-storms. The camel's hump is a storehouse of fat, which furnishes food. The stomach is so formed that it can carry enough water to last a week. \ 'I \ [i y GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 251 99 blouge breathe el lipse de spair uiii pire jun ior a cora - cis tern clean ly dah'lia cm Hilde' coirpon com nierce cour te ay Cau ca sian col an der^ fa mil iar des'o late de po^ it ti'an 'som veu'ti late steppes tru ly vil lain cut ler y ha]) pened oc ciirred prec'i pice 252 In the older days of Art, ^ Builders wrought with greatest care Each minute and unseen part ; For the gods see ewerywherc.— Longfellow, Copy, learn, and recite. 253 — Geography The plants and animals of Australia are singular. Some of the trees shed their bark instead of their leaves The leaves are narrow and turn the edge towards the ground so there is very little shade. The kangaroo is the largest ani- mal. The mother carries her young in a pmich under her body until they are old enough to take care of themselves 254 — Pronunciation past'ure pe'o ny parse se'rieg 8c4rge lithe nook jaun'ty 5u'ward queue ^''°> fau'get flaunt gfts'ling gOs'pel gra' tis greag'y po'e sy rSg'o lute re cluse' grAt'i tude Pronunciation.-" kiiljlndgr. I 100 (JUAFTUNS WORD AND SENTKxNCK BOOK Bra zil' Chi'li Pan a ma' Pa rii iiii' Ec ua dor' 265 — Geography A coil cil'gua Val ])a rai'so Ri'o Ja nei'ro Bue'iios Ay'res * Ma dei'ra Co to pax'i Mil rii jo' ^ Magel'laii . (xiiayaquir^ Car ib be'an Write in vertical columns : nunies | what | where. 256 pub lie rum mage -^ skir mish sol emn "*• sjie cie •*- 8tam mer tas sel trel lia ^ tua sle weap on wel fare * syr inge 257 monk piv ot - mur mur part ner mys ter y pliys ic par a ble pi ous par eel pi ra ey mes sage pit i f ul Copy: From our ancestors come our names, but fi'om our virtues, our honours. Manners ofteu make fortunes. Dare to be true ; nothing can need a lie ; A fault ^hich needs it most grows two thereby. — George Herbert, 258 take takes took write writes wrote see sees saw am is was go goes went tak en Avrit ten seen been gone tak ing writ ing see ing be ing going Pronunciatlou.— > bO'nHs a'riz ; » ma ra zhO' ; » gwl ft kSl'. •/ 1 .' a inge (}lt.\FT()N"S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 269~Dictation 101 Goods Jirc! curried over land by porters in Afrioa, by dogs in Siberia, l)y llamas in the Andes, by camels on the desert, by reindeer in Lapland, ami by horses and railroads in more civilized countries. The steamer ''Empress of India," from Bombay, passed through the Suez Canal, laden with myrrh, cam])iior, nut- megs, cassia, shellac, ambergris, asafetida, tapestry, matting, cardamoms, and pomegranates. 260— Famous Buildings Fo'riim Louvre - St. Mark's St. Paul's St. Pe ter's Krgm'liu Vdt'i can Par'tlie noii Col i se'um C^t'a comba Sans Sou gi' fiif fer Tow er Wind sor Cas tie Win ter Pal ace Dog'e's Pal ace Orys tal Pal ace Lean iug Tow er Arch of Tri umph Write where em;h building is found and something about it. 261 — Kings and ftueens of England " First William, the Norman, then William, his son ; Henry, Stephen, and Henry, then Richard and John. Next Henry the Third, Edwards one, two, and three ; And again, after Richard, three Henrys we see. Two Edwards, third Richard, if rightly I guess ; Two Henrys, sixth Edward, Queen Mary, Queen Bess. Then Jamie, the Scotchman, then Charles whom they slew, Yet received after Cromwell another Charles too. Next James called the Second ascended the throne ; Then good AMlliam and Mary togetlier came on ; Till Anne, Georges four, and fourth William passed, God sent Queen Victoria -, may she long be the last." 102 (JUAI'TOXS WORD AND .SENTENCE BOOK 262— Review e rjis or dic'tioii a ry scythe clayey bar'y tone mackerel feign tac'it or'clit'H tra jew'el ler y ze])h'yr gyp'«y cjiin paigu' veg'e ta bio liq'uor gent 'lire ghur'i er cas'ni mere giz'zard salm'oii mouut'ain Bar 8a pa ril'la gey'bor wool'len 263 al pac'a par'lia ment thief dai'sy Bal'a ry cyl'in (ler toi'let doc'ile boy'cott ceni'e ter y Thames rep'tile ox'y gen am'e thv-'^t ac'id im'age em'er y Ra'leigh pum'ice cor'iiice tur quoise' huu'dredth ber'yl ci'pher 264 skep'tic Ches'a peake weird can'cel squal'id ver'ti cal myrrh con cede' squir'rel de li'ciouB which pleas'ure scholar syl'la ble straight ped'dler myr'i ad ker'o sene weap'on vil'lage wiz'ard med'i ciue syr'inge griz'zly lii ■t I 265 1 ci cle ver mil' ion a dieu' tus'sle rum'mage Ni ag'a ra col'lie cer'tain lun'cheon sep'a rate twelfth cha grin' Bur'name pen i ten'tia ry be lieve' cot'tage car'a mel re ceived' the'a tre sup pose' Bpan'iel ex hi bi'tion res'er voir de vel'op ^ PART III Copy : 266 Muko for yonrfiolvofi noMs of f)loiisji?if, flion^htp ! None of us yet k?H)\v, for none of ns liuve been tuu^rht in early youth, what fairy paiaceK wo may build of beautiful thoughts,' l)roof againnt all adversity ;j bright fancies, sjitisfied memo- ries, noble histories, faithful sayings, treasure-liouses of precious and restful thoughts, whicih care cannot disturb, nor pain make gloomy, nor poverty take away from us; houses built without hands for souls to live \\\.—Ruskin. In di an spear wig warn warn pnm moc ca sin 267— History squaw scalped wil der ness pap poose ship wreck suf fer ing war rior ex ploi-e set tie ment cal u met col o ny Eng lish (lis cov er y per nia nent Dutch tomahawk pioneers navigator Spanish Bal bo'a Cham plain' Fran'cis Drake Pon'ce de Le on' Wal'ter Ea'leigh Se bas'tian Cab'ot A mer'i cus Ves pu'eius Chris'to pher Co lum'bus Fer'di nand de So'to Bar thol'o mew Gos'nold Write in vertical columns : name | a place discovered | date of dis- covery. Ex. : Balboa | Pacific Ocean | 1513. n 104 (HiAKTON'S WOJtl) AND SENTRNCK BOOK 268— Prefixes A pwfix irt a Hylliihlo or syllables joined to tlio beginning of a word to chang(> itn meaning. iiilw— wrojig, wrongly : miKuso, to nso wrongly. 111! — not ; unreal, not real. iiiK : judge, deeds, place, call, von duct, d(ial, fit, fort une, lead, j)ro nounee, i)rint, count. 111! : easy, buck le, de cid ed, loose, mar ried, a vvare, mer- oit'ul, seasonable, skil ful, Ihiiiik I'ul. Wrilo the words with tlio prefix. Write soiikmces, using five of the words you Imve just made. 269— Dictation The Indian inventec^ the snow-shoe and the l)irch canoe. De Soto was buried in the Mississippi. Ealeigh wrote on a window-pane, "Fain would I climb, but that r fear to fall.'' Queen Elizabeth, seeing the line, wrote below, *• If thy heart fails thee, do not climb at all.'' Florida was named in honour of Easter, the day on which Ponce de Leon landed. The Spaiush name for Easter is Piiirophecv) was fulfilleci. 2. Let us run with (patience. i)atieiits) the ra.c(> that is set before us.— ./h'Mc. '.]. (Ligliteiiiug. Ligiituiug) must always (proceed, precede) thunder. 4. Kajo\ (he kingdom after "n v ((hn-ease, disease). ~^V/r//r.s/;m;r. 5. Phidias was a fanu)us (sculpture, sculptor) of ancient (JreC^ce. (1. The captain ordered the (lightning, lightening) of the vessel. 7. The renuHiy is worse than the (disease, decease).— *S7/y?^r.7>m/Y'. 8. The physician cured many (patience, putients). 'J. He forth on his journey did (precede,, })roceed). 10. The Greeks orna- mented their temples M'ith (sculptor, sculpture). Write the sentences, soleeting the ri^ht words. 276 — Geography Aberdeen' Altai' Ath'ens Bai'kal Adriat'ic Ani'ster dam At'las B^n'goi- Ant'werp Aus'tri a Bdii kftk' Ap'eii nines A zores' Ba'ton Rouge Areli iln'gel Ba hd'nui Bel'gi iiiii As tra klian' Bixh i'a Ben gkV A c^uriias Al'ba ny A leu'tiau Al giei's' Write in a column, putting opposite each tvhat and where it i^ -^. ri ORAKTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 107 277— Grammar noiii'i liji five ob ject'ive ])()H ses'sive Ji]) po si'tion com'pio inent nn te cod' en t con ju gji'tion (le clen'sion com pm'i son pas sive in (lic'.'i tivo ])()s'i five / sul) junc'tive com pur'a, fcive po ten'tial / su pcr'lii tivc iiux Win vy pai'ti el [)1(3 in fin'i tive trnii'si tive irrco-'ii Ifip 278— Dictation co-or'(li nate snb oi'Mi nate (le clai''a, tive; im per'a tive ex clam'a to ly in terrog'a tive AgOR jigo Wmv. \v(u-o largo j)iT!o forosfK in tlio northern part of (ierniany. Anibor is tlio iiardonod gmn of a pine two.. After a storm groat quantities are found in the sea- weed that lias been washed on the southern shore of the Baltic Sea. Insecits and i)ieees of the cones are sometimes found in the amber. It is used for makiiig beads, necklaces, earrings, mouthpieces of i)ipt>s, and is burned for perfume. 279— History pillory delusion Puritan mas sa ere per se cute cav a lier' de fi ance em i grant a trog'i ty - pal i sade' treacli er y an thor i ty am bus cade pes ti lence - pros 2)er i ty witch craft dif fer ent tol er a'tion cliar ter ex tent' treat y Qualv er am bush fmn'tier Al fred the Great Jac(|ues Car tier John Mac Don aid Pon ti ac Al ex an der Mac ken zie Gen er al Brock 10b GHAFTONS WORD AND SENTKN('E BOOK 280— Prefixes* «ll« — not ; (iiwillow, not allow. re — ngjiin : reset, set ugai.i. dis : believe, ngree, credit, trust, content, courteous, regard, loyal, oblige, approve. re : appear, create, gain, ascend, insure, join, assure, open, deem, build, capture. Write the words with prefix added. Divide tliesc words into sylla- bles. Mark the vowel sound in the aeeeuted syllable. Give the nieuu- iiigs of the derivative words. 281— Mollusks n i il mus'sel * whelk squid qna'haiig ' bar'na cle scal'lop cow ly lim'pet cut'tle iiau'ti Ills inftl'lusk per'i wink le whorl spii'e a'pex sut'ure feel'ers ap'er ture ven'tral dor' sal or'i iice si'phon biVd,lve ten'ta cles Learn of the little nautilus to sail, Spread the thin oar, and catch the driving gale. — Pope. 282— Dictation " We meet," said Penn, '' on the broad pathway of good faith and good will. No advantage shall be taken on either side, but all shall be openness and love. The friendship be- tween you and me I will not compare to a chain ; for that the rains might rust or the falling tree might break. We are the same as if one man's body were to be divided into two parts ; we are all one flesh and blood." • See list of preflxea iu Part IV. PruiiuuclaKiou.-i rnQs's'l ; a kwft'hOg. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 109 leg a cy in fan cy de cen cy se ere cy re gen cy flu en cy va can cy 283— cy, sy ur gen cy in'ti ma cy cur ren cy ex i gen cy con Stan cy eel i ba cy fal la cy con spir'a cy clem en cy ac'cu ra cy bi'ill ian cy e mer'gen cy buoy an cy eom'pe ten cy lier e sy ec sta sy em bas sy jeal ous y min strel sy lep ro sy hy poc'ri sy ( affect : The snn effect : Every 284— Often Confused -8 the earth witli cold and heat. has its cause. in gen'ious : James Watt Avas an boy. ingen'u ous : Deceitful is the opposite of . ve rac i ty : A man of is always believed. vo rac i ty : The of tlie shark is well known. lin i meut : is a kind of ointment. liu e a ment : Six wings he wore to shade His s divine. — Milton. 285 — Geography Ber irfiiMas Bfts'po rus Cal la'o Cin cin na'ti Beiiie B5th' ni a Ca r^c' cas Col o ra' do Bogota' Brook'lyn C^s'pi aii Co pen ha'gen Bom bay' Ca'diz Cay enne' ^ Cor' si ca Bor deaux' ^ Cai'ro Ce vennes' ^ Cri me'a Bor'neo Calcut'^a Cliarles'ton Detroit' Copy words. Write opposite each lohat and where it is. Pronunciation.—' bOr do' ; a k& ygu' or kl 6n' ; « sit vgnn'. 110 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCP] BOOK 286— Diseases gout croup a'gue mum[ s fe'ver grippe can'cer col'ic ca tai'rh' asth'iua mea'gleg ulcer ab'scess jauu'Jice quin'gy scurVy ty'plioid scr6f' u la writs re gist mobbed war I'aut uu ion suf fi'aofe of fi'cial re doubt' lib'er ty in flu eu'za nau'ne a ^^^^^ cliil'blaiu pleu'ri sy ver'ti go de lir'i urn 287— History bul let ef fi gy pow der al li ance ram part as sem bly car tridge pro bib it pa'tri ot tax a tiou re pealed' tyr'an ny lui li'tia op pres sion hem 'or rliage rheu'ma tism neu ral'gi a pueu mo'ni a dys pep'si a pa ral'y sis dipli the'ri a liy dro plio'bi a gov eru ment in de pend'ent d6c la ra'tion ca lam'i ty v6l un teer' e vac'u ate v&v o lu'tion u ni ver'sal r6p re gent' 288— Dictation Breathes tliere tlie man, witli soul so dead, Who never to himself hath said, This is my own, my native land ! Whose heart hath ne'er within him burn'd. As home his footsteps he hath turn'd, From wandering on a foreign strand ? —Sir Walter Scofi's Lay of the Last Minstrel, Canto VI., St. 1. v^ GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 289— Prefixes 111 f h?l»l*r?^?K 1 *i® ^'^ ^^^^'^ °^ * "^"""^ *°^ *^« ^»« ^««er of the prefix arc the same, both letters are kept. nerve S2)ell spend step en gage sat is fy con 'science con'scious ca pac'i ty ca pa'cious te nac'i ty te na'cions pre €09' i ty pre co'cioua un nerve mis S2)ell mis spend mis step re en gage dis sat is fy e cho e lect le gal sev er nior tal sini i lar re e clio re e lect il le gal dis sev er im mor tal dis sim i lar 290— Cious a troy'i ty a tro'cions mal'ige ma li'cious av'a rice ava ri'cioua ea piice' ca pn 'cious vice vi 'cious vi vac'i ty vi va' cious sa gac'i ty sa ga'cious ju di'cial ju di' cious 291— Dictation Candles are made of tallow, wax, spermaceti,' and paraf- fine.' ^ Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin. In v/eaving cloth, the woof crosses the warp. The fly, sitting upon the axle of a chariot wheel, said " What a dust do I raise ! " ' Aristotle '^ and Plato were the most distinguished philoso- phers of antiquity/ Fronuiiclaaoii.-»8perma86'ti; ^pSi'Mfln; »ar'i8tot-l; » an tik'wl tj. 113 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCR HOOK I j ac cept/, to tako ( ex cc'pt', to lojivo out ., i iul vice', counsel /v A ( H(l vise', to give (!ouii8cl ut tend'uiice, act of wait- 292 — Sometimfis Confused ^ j I'or'mer ly, time i)aHf; ( formal Iv, in a formal w 3 mg on ay sta'tionary, fixed '» -j Kta'tion er y, i)ai)cr, peu8, etc. at tend'ants, those who ^. ( pop'Q lous, full of people attend. ( pop'fi laye, the people Make oral sentences, using llie words above. i 293 China is a (0) cQiintry. \\'ilj you (1) my (2) ? King Arthur had brave (.^). Tlie (oj swarmed in the streets. ' (4) buffaloes roamed over the Great Plains. A '(5) engine drew the car tq the top of the hill./ The (3) was large at every lecture (1) the first. I shall no more ^f2) thee. A stationer sells (5)?^ The meeting was '(4) opened by the president. Write the sentences, using the right word from the list above. 294 — Medicines al um tan'gy pot ash sen na pep sm ip'e €a*; i'o dine cal'o mel ac'o nite poul tice quas'si a ' ton ic au'ise ar'ni ca tinct'tire s^s'sa fi'^s qui'nine ^ hel la (l6n'na va le'ri an am mo'ni a dig i ta'lis gly^'er ine ca tliar'tic cas'tor-oil par e gor'ic mag ne'si a ^ lau'da num clilo'ro form Pronunciation.— 1 kwl'nine or kwl nine' ; "kwOsli'I a ; » mSg nS'zhl a. I riml way r, pcus, })oopl9 pie P King streets. ' engine large at hee. A by the ve. l6n'iia i an •'ni a i'lis •'tic ror'ic form zhi a. GUAKTON'S WOUD AND SENTENCE IJOOK 295— Suffixes 113 A siifTlx is a syllahlp or syllahlos joined to the ondof a word to change its meaning. VEima ed, difl : talker?, did talk ; cii, to make : short^w, to make short ; Ing, continuing : talk%, continuing to talk. sueered length en short en pitch ing moist en wid en whit en fright en damp en straight en mount ed round ed de vised touch ing sour intj i ron ing 296 — ar, er, or, our. tu bu lar tab u lar pop u lar cir cu lar cal en dar sec u lar mus cu lar bear er lodg er cor o ner mourn er strag gler vend er in trud'er vie tor val our tu tor tre mor trai tor toi' por suit or ju ror Ha vour ru mour or a tor stu por sjilen dour sur vey or 297— Comma JJuic.-NounB in apposition, with their modifying words, are separated by oonunas. ^ Dictation.— ^Esop, the author of ^Esop's Fables, was a slave. The largest city in the world is London, the capital of England. Milton, the great English poet, wrote ''Paradise Lost'' after he became blind. Daniel Webster, the great statesman, died with the words " I still live," on his lips. Greece, the most noted country of antiquity, was a little larger than half the State of New York. 8 114 GRAPTOX'S WORD AND SENTRNCR BOOK whig tar iff con gress pa role' 298— History 2)}ia'laiix re bel lion co a li tion pa rade' j)a ti'ol mar tial scab 'hard block ade pass'port pen sion Blav er y in deni ni ty deni o crat fed er al ist cliaj) lain nia iKvii'vre nion i tor re [nib'li can l)oni bard' in aug u rd'tion 299 Breathes there the man, with soul so dead. Who never to himself hath said. This is my own, my native land ! Whose heart hath ne'er within him burned. As home his footsteps he hath turned From wandering on a foreign strand ? — Scott. Copy, learn, and recite. Copy: Gen er al Gen. Colonel * Col. Ma'jor MaJ. Cap'tain Capt. 300 — Oflftcers in the Army Lieu ten'ant ^ Lieut. Ser'geant ^ Cor'po ral Quar ter mas'ter Pay maa'ter Sur'geon Serg. Corpl. Q. M. P.M. Surg. Which officer ranks highest ? lowest ? What are the duties of Quar- termaster ? Paymaster ? Surgeon ? Who is eomniauder-in-ehief of the militia of the Dominion ? Using the abbreviated title, write the names of the great generals you have seen ; of those you have heard about. Pronunciation.— ikQr'nel ; a m tSn'ant ; a sar'gent. ion ni ty lint I'vre li can I rd'tion cott. Serg. Corpl. Q. M. P.M. Surg. 's of Quar- n-ehief of , write tlie ave heard (JliAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK Hfi 301— Suffixes— Nouns er, ono who : builder, ono who buihlH. ne«», Htate of being : [Wncxs, Ktuto of boing ill. sing er wait er start er catch er think er preach er la l)our er lect ur er ex am in er (leaf ness soft neaa firm nesM sweet ness swift ness round ness fierce ness prompt ness com niand er hard ness wretch ed ness Speak clearly, if you speak at all, Carve every word before you let it Ml.^Holmea, 302— ise, ize chas tise' crit'i cise cat e chise ad ver tise ex er cise bap tize' cap size re'al ize i dol ize civ il ize mer chan disc cen tral ize tan ta lize en ter prise le gal ize dram a tize a pol'o gize har'mo nize gal va nize fer ti lize col o nize or gan ize mag net ize sym pa thize 8ol em nize rec og nize p^t ron ize mem o rize 303— Bamboo Dictation.— The Chinese use bamboo in over five hun dred different ways, l^lie farmer builds his houses and fences with It, his furniture is made from it, while the tender shoots furnish a delicious food for his table. Chopsticks for eat- ing, the pipe for smoking, the broom for sweeping, the mat- tress to lie upon, the book to study from, the hat to Rcrpon the head, the paper to write on, and the pencil to write with are a few of the ways in which a Chinaman uses bamboo. I i 116 fJlJAl- TONS WORD AND SENTKN(M<1 BOOK f 304— Army Worda 8ul (licr pla t(T<")ii' sen try 1 sieffe 1 com pji ny bat ta 'ioii [)ie'k et sutler ' rep; i iiunit sword ^ iViii form re emit' })ri Li;ri(le' sa'bre viiap'sat'k hos pi tal (ll vis'Ioii bay'oii ct can teeii' gai" ri son corps ^ pis tol cp'aii let conn' ter sign iu'fiiiit ly car'biiui bag gage eourt-mar'tial | am niu nl'tion i • cav'al ly iiius ket cftis'soii ar til'le ly ri fle biv'oiiac ^ for ti li ca'tion m eu gi ueei's' can iiou fur'lougli in treneh'ment 1 305 Farewell the neipjliinp: stood, and the Khrill trump, The spirit-stirring drum, tlie ear-piercing life. The royal banner, and all the quality, Pride, pomp, and cireumstiwiee of glorious war ! — Shakespeare. There never was a good war or a had peace. — Franklin. Copy, learn, and recite. 306 — Geography Gal ves ton Hani buric Gan'ge;^ ILi wai i ^ Green meh^ Ilay'ti Eu phra'tes Gui a'na Ilin dos tan' La Giiay'ra Fin is tCi're' Guin'ea IIo ang'lio Leg' horn Flor ence Hao-iie Hu'ron Je ru'sa lera o Copy the '»i!*v»?'vu , ^jutting opposito oaoh tvhnf nntl ivhere it is. ProiHjaciatlon.— ikor; 2 sDrcl ; 3 Wv'wilk ; < grgn'Ij ; »liawl'5. Dres den E gypt Elbe Ju'ra Lab ra d«3r' La do'ga OltAFTON'S WOIU) AND SKNTIINCK HOOK II7 It' tal er sign iiiir'tial ui'tiou i ca'tiou ich'meut ip. r ! 'ankUn. 307 — Synonymi A(ljarp))f lands ; rniifhjHoua Iiouhos ; ndjnhiiwfj fiolds. A iHU'Bon sn/iri/s, cn/rru/s, and hrsfrr/n's from nwessity ; and, in ti state of distroBS, .sttppfica/rs and itH/ihircs. 7h/i(tits (Wucoiirt^c ; vrnrisoine niarcli ; firemme journey; irksanir toil. Chver triok ; adroif ])ick-])(K'liis MIS ous e ons I ous . 1 ous I ne ous '. by the es have ?se laws prisons, )ney by 56 taxes lens con 'cave tel'e scope mi'cro scope bat'ter y ba rom'e ter tLer mom e ter 320— Physics e lee tric'i ty in'su late gal van'ic plio'no grapli mag'net ism mo men'tum ve loc'i ty 321— ant, ent grav'i ty CO h e sion pres sure suc'tion pneu mafic hy dro stat'ic e qui lib'ii um el'e gant as sail'ant dil'i gent ig no rant cov'e nant cMir voy'ant assistant arrogant com' bat ant in dul gent in clem'ent be nef i cent af fin ent de pend ent con sist ent bel lig er .ent ascend'ant ex pe'di ent defendant impertinent , !l!: 122 GKAPTON'S WORD AxNI) SENTENCE BOOK 322— Suffixes— Adjective and Adverbial ly— like, maimer : womanly, like a woman ; calmly, in a calm manner. ou«— fnll of : mischievous, full of mischief. able, Ible — can be : eatable, can be eaten. un just Ian guid se cure se ri ous sjDite ful un u su al dread ful un just ly Ian guid ly se cure ly se ri ous ly spite ful ly un u su al ly dread ful ly real meek court an nu al in tent foi* mer f re queut 323— ous grief vice stud y la b(nir in dus try griev ous joy ous vi cious stu di ous la boi* i ous in dus tri ous pore ri ot glo ry dan ger mur der ma la'ri a re al ly meek ly court ly an nu al ly in tent ly for mer ly fre quent ly porous ri ot ous glo ri ous dan ger ous mur der ous ma la'ri ous 324— able, ible pay a hie cul pa ble fal li ble au di ble blam'a ble a vail a ble fea'si ble leg i ble tarn a ble ex cus a ble ed i ble dis gern'i ble teachable receiv'able liorrible permissible ten a ble in fldm'ma ble f u si ble sus cep ti ble ble des'pi cable forcible responsible capa af fa ble in im'i ta ble sen si ble m coi' ri gi ble E gyp'tian Moor isli Ro man Goth ic Nor man Dor ic I 6n'ic ORAPTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE ROOK 325 — Architecture fa gade' 133 pin'na cle aisle tow er min'a ret trtiss spire por'ti co col on iiade' can o py niche groin bdl'co 11^ bal lis trade' vo lute' scroll cor' nice Co liu'thi an cap i tal dor mer fes t(H)n' 6'ri el ped'i ment ped es tal Basket and Acanthus Plant. Corinthian Capitai,. 326— Legend of the Corinthian Capital A young girl of Corinth died, and her nurse oollocted the articles which she had loved, put them in a basket on her grave, and laid a tile on top of it. By chance the basket was placed on the roots of an acantlius plant, and this, sprouting in the spring, partly covered the basket with its leaves, some of which, reaching the tile, turned downward, as shown in the picture. An architect named Callimaclius,' who happened to see it, was struck by its beauty, and thought it would make a fine capital for a column, and by changing it a little he made the Corinthian column, wliich thus got its name from Corinth. — Fo^^^i^ Folks' CydopiBclia. Read the story and re-write it in your own words. Pronunciation.— 1 kal lima kue. 124 ill. i.i! GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 327— Suffixes JBu^c. -Silent e is dropped before a Buffix beginning with a vowel. Add ing : Rtrive, oblige, come, scare, blame, edge, rescue Add isli: thieve, rogue, etyle, white, blue, kuave, brute Add al : remove, primo, arrive, doctrine Add ous : grieve, virtue, uerve Add adle : sale, value, cure, move, believe, deplore, improve Write the derivative words. e'qua ble suit a ble laud a ble pit i a ble a gree a ble vul'nerable at tain 'a ble 328— able, ible im mov'a ble ir'ri ta ble de plor'a ble ter ri ble vis i ble cred i ble el i gi ble 329 plau si ble in del i ble i ras ci ble di gest i ble ir re sist i ble com bus ti ble con tempt i ble I>ictalioii. — Sucli a starved bank of moss— • Till, tliat May-morn, Blue ran the flash across ; Violets were born ! — Robert Browning. 330 ac crue a cliiev^e' a gliast ba zaar' ca det a thwart' vict uals ^ cro chet ^ bou qiiet ^ bru nette' con geal' car toon ath'lete bou'doir * cal lous burg lar dul cet druff cret daunt'less con quer al'ien ^I'oes anx ious biig'and *& & Prouunclatlon.— 1 vlt'lz ; a krAsha' ; » bd&kS' ; * h6b dwOr' GRAFTON'S ' VVOllD AND SENTENCE HOOK 1aJ5 331 . Brood of Flock of Crowd of Fleet of Suite ' of chick ens sheep geese pco pie ships rooms at ten dants Class of Clump of Clus ter of boys Gang of trees grapes Drove of plants slaves thieves shrubs stars cat tie buf fa loes Suit of Shock of Shoal of ar mour Team of dogs corn fish Herd of deer Crew of ox en Bevy of Lit ter of swine sail ors hors es mules dam sels pigs cam els el e phants Copy, and add to ea<;li list any words that can properly be used in the way indicated. 332 Dictation. — Do not think of your faults ; still less of others' faults ; in every person whc comes near you, look for what is good and strong ; honour that ; rejoice in it ; and as you can, try to imitate it ; and your faults will drop off like dead leaves, when their time comes. — Buskin. 333— Difficult Dissyllables ey'ry la'va ma rine' di§ dain' eye'let leis'ure mar tyr gl5b'iile frag ile jour nal napli tha litts'tage frag ment Ian gnage nui'sance cres'cent ghast ly laun'dry zouave' ^ tor'toise * gor geous ^ mill ti-eat' ^lia rade' tort' u re Pronunciation.— 1 swet ; * gCr'jus ; ' zwiiv or zob iiv' ; * tQt'tls. I ( I • ; ! 12C fJI^AFTON^S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 334— Suffixes to'l::;- .TnT^ Tot' " '" ^°' ^'" "'"'^ ^^« " "^^^ - W- and ou., clmnge change a hie ,nan age man age a ble cliuige charge a ble mar riao-e oour aire mar riage a ble cou ra'geous out ra'geous trace trace a ble "otice noticeable outrage ...,..,,u, service serviceable advantage ud van ta'geous 335— Geography Leip'sic M.al'ag,'. M(.'«l,a Naples Le vant' Mal'ta Mec'ca Nevt Zea'land i^isbon Mai- seilles ' « MOut re al' Ni'ser Loire' Mtttapau' M<, roo'co O neVa Lyons Me.«j'na Mos'cow Ot'tawa Madras' Mil'au Mu'ukh Pal'estine Copy tl.« w„rd». Write opposite oaol, u,hal and «here it ia. 336— Pearls ma tie of tl.e oyster. It is e„o„ covered with nacre ' or mo her-o pear . The Chinese partly open the sill shp ".uer a httle lead image of a god, and put the oy ter back in the water. A beautiful pearl image is the resuir The Pe2:tr ^"""^ "« "'^ -^ °* ceyiou.ri'in th: Prouunciatlon.- -'Iwar; 'mjirsaiz'; ^n&'kgt; * e&lQn'. I fillAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE ROOK 337— Accent 137 N&tmor Adjective coii'vict coil' vert ab'stract cou 'tract ob'ject con'trast ex' tract ex'port Verb con vict' con vert' ah stract' con tract' ob ject' con trast' ex tract' ex port' N^oun or Adjective es'cort ])er'funie per'fect prfis'age con'ilict rec'ord Hur'vey trans 'port Verb es corf per fume' per feet' pr(^ sage' con llict' re cord' sur vey' trans port' Choose two words from each oolumn and use each m a written sentence. 338— Dictation The names of the days of the week are derived from old Saxon deities. Sunday means the day of tlie Sun ; Monday, day of the Moon ; Tuesday is the day of ^J^iisco ; Wednesday,' the day of Woden, supreme god; Thursday is named after Thor, the god of thunder ; Friday, Freya, goddess of love ; Saturday is the day of the Norse god, Saeter. disk • vi'al fo cus pis ton re pel' si'ren di verge' ex pand por'ous spec trurn vac'u um tan'gent 339— Physics den 'si ty iner'ti a* plumb-line con verge' vi bra'tion im pul sive at trac'tion at'mos pliere cen trif 'u gal cen trip e tal ex per i ment com pres si bit Pronunciation.— 1 In Sr'shl a. 128 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTKNCK MOOK 340— Suffixes R»h'.- Silent e is retained before a suffix beginning with a consonant. AMful less mcnt ly /less lijite 1 sense move fine pale hane sliame al lure pure tame l)eace blame a cliieve mere rare (lis grace de fence nBonantt fiess pale tame rare lame GRAPTOXS WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 129 343 Good namo, in man and woman, dear my lord, Ib tl'.e immediate jewel of their souls. Who steals my purse, steals trash; 'tis something, nothing; 'Twas mine, 'tis his, and has been slave to thousands j But he that filches from mo my good name, Robs me of that which not enriches him, And makes me poor indeed. — Shahexpeare, Wrile the meaning in your own words. 344 — Geography Pa ra' Rlieim§ Se bas'to pol i ence Pam'li CO Rhone Sb^ng bai' gence Pi'sa Ri'ga Si am' i iience Pom pe'ii ^ I R5t'ter ddm Sin ga pore' ir ence Po po cat . a petl' Sa lia'ra Smyr'na dence Po to' mac St. He le'na Su6z' gence Pyr'e uees San ti a'go Su ma'tra i deuce Qui to ^ Sa van'nah Sus que ban'na Ba'leigli Scheldt 3 Syd'ney Copy the words. Write opposite each what and where it is. not take 345— Physics ; t valve dy ' na mo ap pa ra' tus f ric tion dttier. \ mo tor en er gy com bus'tion in'ci dence Bun 'sen ^ hy'dro gen lu'mi nous di rec'tion )ry over mag net negii tive re frac'tion am'pli tude /' firings induc'tion chro nom'e ter re ac'tion noiir of 1 load stone ar'ma ture ui'tro gen Vol ta'ic Pronunciation.— 1 pOm pa'ye ; s-ke'tO; 'skglt; «bd&n'8gn. 9 130 l.ltAFTON'.s WORD ANT) SRNTKNCR BOOK 346- Suffixes nulr.-When th« last letter of a word and the first letter of a oufflx are alike, both letters are usually retaiued, Add ness: plain, keen, givvu, mean, sullen, tliin, wanton, open, dean, oven, lean, solemn, Htubhorn, forlorn. Add ///; awful, loyal, moral, lawful, useful, dinmal, cruel, wool, joyful, mutual, dutifid, heedful, bkilful. Write the derivative words. (( PoliteneHB is to do and say The kindest things in the kindest way." 347 — ie a/id ei Mule.—i before r , except after e. Or when sounded as m, as in neighbour and ^eig^.-^Brewer. bier ng grieve' ceil rein tier re lief de ceit' reicfii mien Bliield de ceive weigli wield re trieve' con ceive skein lien I'e prieve con ceit hei'nous niece min'obief re ceipt o bei'sance siege sor tie' re ceive in veigh' frieze ker 'chief per ceive neigli'bour 348— Gulf Stream Dictation. — The Gulf Stream is a river in the ocean. Its banks and its bed are cold Avater. It differs from the Burrounding water in colour, temi)eraturo, saltness, direction of its current, and velocity. Jt carries driftwood from the "West Indies to the shores of Iceland. Because of its benign iufluence the harbour of Hammerfest is never closed by ice. a oafflz are , wanton, ml, cruel. Brewer. gli in nous ji'sance eigli' 'h'bour n ocean, rom the lirection rom the s benign . by ice. (JKAi fll a ment al ma iiac boun da ry mal a dy dil'a to ry lig a ment pro^) a gate ■'l«>^.S WORD AND SENTKNCK BOOK 131 349— a, e, i lin'o al rar e i'y an'ge lus rev'e nue s6r e nade' trag e dy des e crate rar i ty ter ri fy ver i fy ret'i nue cliar i ty prod i gy se ren'i t}" ep i taph ten e ment veg e tate nu tri ment Hpec i men miril ner y sec're ta ry 350 — Queen Elizabeth Dictation.— Qnoon Elizabeth wan fivo-and-twenty yeara of ago when she rode through the streets of Lor.don, from the Tower to Westminster Abbey, to bo c-'LyWued. Ifer coun- tenance was strongly marked, but on the whole, ccmmunding and dignified, ller hair was red, and her nose something too long and sharp for a woman^s. She was cleve.', bat cun- ning and deceitful.— 6'Aar/es Dickens. 351— Parts of the Body i'ris tli6'rax ^'^i put ver'te bra ten don tis sue e soph 'a gus an ri cle ton sil glot tis ven tri cle in tes'tine lar'^nx tra'ehe a sal'i va ry c^p'il la ry an'kle mils tache' cor'pus cle car ti lage scap'ti la mem'brane ep i der'mis tym'pa i um Dictation. — In an absolute monarchy the ruler has entire control of the lives and property of his subjects. Turkey and Russia are absolute monarchies. The ruler of Turkey is called a Sultan. The ruler of llussia is called a Czar, a word derived from Ccesar, i i 133 GRAFTON'S WOJil) AND SENTENCE BOOK 352 Xule.—p after a consonant becomes / before a sufl^ not beginning with i live ly pit y iiier ry copy jollity live li est pit i less mer ri iiieiit cop ied fan cy holy beau ty read y mod i iy fan ci f ul lio li ness beau ti fy read i ness niod'i fi er Add es and o?ts : melody, fury, victory, ceremony, envy, glory, study, luxury, mystery. Add er, esi, li/, and ';/^.s\s'; greedy, tidy, sauey, worthy, lazy, busy, heavy, dainty, happy, ready. Write the derivative words. $+25 511 -^100 353 — Receipt Quebec, P. Q., Aug. 10, 1801. Received of William English, Four Jlmidred Twenty' five ^/im Dollars, in full of all demands to date. George Howard* Copy receipt. Ta'gua Ta bi'ti ' Thib'et^ Ti'gris To'ki 6 Tri Sste' 3 Trin i dad' U'ru e^uav 354 — Geography ValMai We'ger Win'ni peg Proiinuc'tatlon. « b kotsk'. Sou dan' Ya l6n'ci a Port Sa id' Cel'ebegs Ma nil'la Kani tcliat'ka Td§ nia'ni a O klifttsk' « -1 ta he'tiS; a tibet orti bCt'; 3 tr* fist'; «w(ro8'tsr; esgl'gbgz; Worces'ter ■* Yano^-tse-Ki ancr' YSn i se'i Zan 7A bar^ Zuv'der Zee .*:4ir. ning with i a ci f ul li ness au ti fy 1(1 i ness )d'i fi er ny, envy, worthy. 1891. Twenty' ward. 'cia aid' 'la idiat'ka I'ui a sk' « ; ®s61'gbfi2; Copy: $375 yioo ORAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE ' BOOK 365 — Promissory Note 133 New York, June 9, 1891. Thirty days after date, T j^romwe to pay John Bice, or order, Three Hundred Seventy-Jive '^/^^ Dollars, value received. lial'ph Mctdton. 356 — Geometr cone Ms'tum tra pe'zi uni ge o met'ric al cou'vex pol'y gon pe rini'e ter men su ra'tion vorume rect'an gle pyr'a mid liy potli'e nuse sea lene' al'ti tude riglit-an gled e qui lat'e ?-al rhom'bus trap'e zoid i s6s'ce leg par al lel'o gram 367 Rest is not quitting the bnsy career ; Rest is the fitting of self to its sphere. 'Tis the brook's motion, clear without strife, Fleeting to ocean after its life ; 'Tis loving and serving the highest and best ; 'Tis onward, unswerving, and this is true rest. — J, S. Dioight. Copy, learn, and recite. 358- -Silent e basque pliys ique' cat 'a l5gue pro'logue casque gro tfesque' s;^n'a gogue col' league tuque stat u esque' ped'a gogue in tiigue' u nique' Ro man esque' di'a logue ha rdngue' 134 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK !i 359— Suffixes Kith-. Monosyllables and words accented on the last syllable, ending with a single consonant preceded by a single vowel, double the final consonant before a sutfix beginning with a vowel, w, k, and r are never doubled.) Add er, est, en : fat, mud, red, siul, glud Add ed, er, ing : plot, squat,* Htir, btab, stop, drum, wliip Add ed, ing : refer, occur, regret, aduiit, peu, drop, brag, stun, allot, remit, equip,* acquit* Write the derivative words. sorace lat tice pau'ci ty trail scend' ma a fraid' ae 6'] i an al le go ry ag'ri cult ure y'u dice ad'veut a bil' i ty ac com'plige a bom'i na ble > bfts'gis ab surd' ac'ro bat ab hor rence ar €hi pel'a go IV. Copy: 364 — Application for a Position Montreal, Sept. 1, 18f)n Messrs. White, Smith (& Co. Gentlemen : Having seen m the ^^ Herald ^^ your advertisement for a clerk, 1 desire to apply for the positio7i. 1 yradu- atedfrom the High, School last June, and refer you to Mr. George Young, my former teacher, as to my character and qualijications. Uespectfully yours, Henry Goulding. 1 1 if h i i;^ 136 CJUAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK 365— Latin Derivatives* The root of each word is shown by the bold-faced letters. An7ms, a year; cor, cordis, the heart; centum, one hun- dred. 1. an'nn al 5. core 3. an nalfl 6. cor'dial 3. an nn'i ty 7. con cord 8. discord 4. an ni ver'sa ry Meaninos. -1. Yearly. 9. cen'tu ry 10. cen tu'ri on 11. cen'ti ped 12. per cent'age }. A history of events arranged iti the order of years. 3. A yearly allowance. 4. A day celebrated as it re- turns each year. 5. The heart, or central part. 6. Hearty. 7. Agree- ment. 8. Disagreement. 0. A hundred years. 10. The military com- mander of a hundred men. 11. An insect having a great number of feet. 13. A rate by the hundred. 366— Dictation The Nile brought life to Egypt, thus everything connected with the river was worshipped by the ancient Egyptians. The wave scroll was a favourite ornament. Amidst the papyrus ' on the river's bank grew the lotus, a blue water-lily. It re- appeared as an ornament on the capital of a column, and in an endless variety of design, decorating the walls of their temples. The ibis came in search of food as the water sub- sided. ISo it, as well as the crocodile, was held sacred. al loy' al'ge bra af'ghan al bu'men al cove al'pha bet al lege' al'ieu ate arpine am a teur' al'i bi a mal'gam ax 1 om am'pu tate 367 av'er age ag gre gate a lac'ri ty al read'y ^1 ter'nate am bro'gia a nat'o my am bas'sa dor am big u ou8 af fee tion ate al'a b^s ter af fi da'vit a'er o naut a man u en'sis • 8ee derivatives from Latin roots, Part IV. Fronuuct«ttoa.-i pa pITttB. Tho I ORAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 137 368 — Latin Derivatives Pes, 2>f(lisy a foot ; cvra, care ; Jinis, the end, border. 1. pod'es tal 2. pe dcs'tri an 3. ini pode' 4. quad'ru ped 5. {U)'en ra uy 0. cu rji'tor > 7. cu'ra bio 8. cure 9. fl'nite 10. fln'ish 11. con flue' 12. fliial Meanings. — 1. Base of a statue or other object. 2. A foot traveller. 3. To hinder. 4. A four-footed animal. 5. Without mistake. 6. One wiio has the care of something. 7. Capable of being cured. 8. To heal. D. Bounded. 10. To bring to an end. 11. To keep withiu boimds. 12. Last. 369 We know it would rain, for all tho morn, A spirit, on slendor rojios of mist, Was lowering its golden buckets down Into the vajioury amethyst Of marshes and swamps and dismal fens, — Scooping the Jewels out of the sea To Bi)rinkle them over the land in showers. —T, B. Aldrich. Copy, learn, and recite. 370 — per, pur per suade' per'fi dy pur'ga to r}^ purge per form per CO late pur vey'or pur' port per'jure per pet'u al pur'sui vant pur pose per plex' per son i f y pur lieu purs er per tain per se vere' pur chas er pur vey' per spire per'pe trate pur blind pur suit per sist per ti iient purse proud pur' view : per vade per son ate pur su'ance purl ing I I 138 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 371 — Latin Derivatives Affo, nctum, to mi, to do ; jt;e//o, pulsmn, to drive, to beat; scribo, ficriptum, to urito. 1. act 'or 3. agent 3. ng'ile 4. tmnsact' 5. pro pel' G. dis pel' 7. re piil'sivo 8. pulse 9. scribo 10. niJin'u script 11. in scribe' VZ. post' script Meaninos.— 1. One who acts. 3. One h..' .g power to act for anot hor. ;?. Quick of motion. 4. To do, to perforin. 5. To drive for- ward. 6. To drive away. 7. Driving off. 8. The beating of the heart or blood-vessels. 9. One who writes. 10. A written paper or book. 11. To write on. 12. An addition to a letter after it is signed. 372 bail'iff beau' to ous bal'us ter be giii'niiig bail (Mu'iia be Lav'iour bar'be cue bil'ious ba roiicLe' ^ bill iards bot'a iiy cal'ci um bre'vi a ry cal cu late brick' kilu^ cal is then'ica Brit'oii cal'iim iiy bun ion ca niSro pard be at'i tude bi og'ia pby burg'la ly can'ui bal 373— Dictation From the hour of the invention of printing, books, and not kings, were to rule the world. Weapons forced in the mind, keen-edged, and brighter tlian a sunbeam, were to supplant the sword and battle-axe. Books ! light-houses built on the sea of time.*) Books ! by wdiose sorcery the Avhole iu*gcantry of the world's history moves in solemn pro- cession before our eyes. From their pages great souls look down in all their grandeur, undimmed by the faults and follies of earthly existence, consecrated by time. — E. P. Wliipjjlc. I Pronunclatlou.— ibar(;OBh'; abrlk'kil. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK j 374- -In a Printing Office Names of Type. dt * mood press cards pearl ag'ate form post er case liaii(l-l)ill non pa rgil' » stick slio\\-l)il bre viCr' ' mal let cir cii lar bourgeois" ink paiii phlet long prim er pa jDer mag a ziiie small pl'ca fo li o book pi'cii quar to print er X # oc ta'vo fore' man great pr im er (III deQ'i mo com pos'i t 139 In what type are tlie words in the two right-hand columns above ? Give the meanings of folio, quarto, octavo, and duodecimo. dai ly morn ing eVen ing sem'i-week ly week ly bi-month ly month ly ex changes e di tion pro pri e tor 375 — Newspaper Terms ed it or jour'nal ist con trib'u tor re port er cor re spond'ent sub scrib'er ad ver tis'er car ri er news boy ex tra col umn ed i to'ri al lead er ar ti cle i tem lo cal tel e grams no tic es gos sip fi nan cial a muse ments mis eel la'ne ous pub lisli er What is the meaning of semi-weeMy, bi-monthly, edition, gosi^ip ? Pronunciation.— > n5n pare!'; »br6vSr'; sbflrjoie'. 140 GHAKTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK 376 — Latin Derivatives Decent, ten ; specio, spedum, to bohold ; vern.'^, true. 1. Do comber 5. ex poet' 9. aver' 2. dec! iiiul 0. pn,M',H.et 10. vor'i iy .'i. doc'iiiiato ;. in spoct'or n. vor'i ly 4. do 00,,'ni al 8. spoc ta'tor Vi. vo nic'i ty Mkan.nos.-I. Formorly M,o (onth monM,. 2. Increa.i,,.. or .lo- cToas.n,M,y ton^ 8. To take the tenth part of. 4. Happening every ten years. 5. To look forward to. 0. A view ahead. 7. One who oversees. 8. One wh. behokls. 9. To say positively. 10. To prove to be true. 11. In trutli. \2. Truthfulness. ^ 377— BiU Receipted New YoiiK, P)>h, 1, ],s<)2. Copy : Mil. Philip Fret^oh, Bought of AVm. Karl c^ Co. 1891 Nor, 1892 Jan. 8 6 21 2 ?>/>Z. 7^/^Mr «i) ,^6.50 5 r/«Z. Jfohsses. ..." .32 12 6«. Potatoes - .75 $13 1 9 60 $23 60 Rec\l Payment, Wm. Earl k Co., per M. W. S. Carsley has a large dry goods store in Montreal. Sup- pose you buy goods from him as follows : 1895, September 15, 15 yds. Calico @ G^ ; 20 yds. Gino-. liiim (li W ; 3 Boys' Suits @ 13.50 ; 12 yds. Cashmere® 75?- 10 yds. Ribbon (os'tle CO til loii * CO ro] la bi'cy cle cor'ri dor . res er voir ^q'ue duct ^ au tbeu'tic aii'ec dote av a lanche braud'-new 379 au'to graph bar ba rous an thra cite ap preu'tice au tip'o den CO nun 'drum con ta gious a ris'to crat ve log'i pede a qua ri uni ex Lil a rate a non y mous ap pro pri ate as sim i late 380— Dictation If the Norwegian boasts liis liomo of rocks, and the Sibe- rian is happy in his land of perpetual snow ; if the Koman thought the muddy Tiber the favoured river of heaven, and the Chinese pities everybody born out of the Flowery King- dom, shall not we, in this land of glorious liberty, have some thought and love for our country ? — Wendell Phillips. PronuuciaUon.— 1 kd te yon' or k6 tel yon' ; alao Bpelled co tll'lion; ^ak'wfi dfikt. < I 142 r.RAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 381 — Buildings school house i^ost-of iice a bat toir'* to^vn house ar se rial op e ra-house court liouse ar mou rj arcade' state house the 'a tre l^en i teu'tia ry cus toni house ho tel' jail or gaol * Av are house hos'pige fac to ry capitol pa virion sau i ta'ri urn 382— Municipal Government hov el cab in cot tage vil la man sion cas tie pal ace Copy : In Ontario, each towiiHliip elects a council of five members to niunuge its nmti.u The presiding officer is called a Keeve Deputy-reeves are elected according to the popula- tion o the township. The reeves and dep^tty-reevesTthe township m a county form the County Council. Thev choose one of their number to be Warden or chief executive officer in the county. Elections for councillors, reeves, and wardens are held annually. In Quebec, each town, village, and municipality elects a counc'l ot seven members to manage its affairs. The mem- bers of a council, except in certain cities, elect from among themselves a presiding officer who is called a Mayor The mayors of the several local municipalities in a county form the County Council, the members of which elect from their number a i)residiiig official called a Warden. 'Inhere is an important difference between the working of the municipal system in Ontario and that of Quebec -for whereas the most of the money spent on local improvem'ents m Ontario is raised by the municii.alities themselves, in Quebec a great deal is left to the local legislature which gives large grants for roads, bridges, and other local needs .: i: Froiiuuclatloii.— J a bat twJlr'; a jal. GUAPTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 143 383— Railroad mail tmiu track check freight de'i)ot pig iial tick et bun die jiack age din patch' sta tioii ex press' hrake-iiiaii tel e graph con duct or l)ost al clerk pe ri od ic als lo CO mo tive 384— The Seven Wise Men Copy} Seven was regarded as a sacred or niysHn number by the ancients. In tlie sixth century befori; C^hrist there were seven wise men of Greece, eacli famous for a noted maxim : Solon (so'lon). '' Know thyself." Cleobulus (kle o l)u'lus). " Avoid extremes." Chilo (kl'lo). '' Consider the end." ■ Bias (bi'as). ''Most men are bad." Pittacus (pit'ta kus). *' Know thy oi)portunity. " Thales (tha'les). '' Suretyship is tlie forerunner of ruin." Periander (pCr i sln'der). " Nothing is impossible to in- dustry," 385 HuIp.-c, hard, like k, before a, o, it ; r, soft, like s, before c, I, y. cu bit carat cul rass' cur tail cap tious con dense col lis ion cash ier con sul con'duit con ceal con coct col lege con cise eel lu lar civ il ize cyl in der cer ti fy cy'iio sure cer ti tude ce ru'le an cym bal cyn ic eel tic cen sor cis tern cit rate cinct'iire N^ 144. (UtAKTONS WOUU AM) SENTKNCK BOOK 386— Authors Walter Soott William ShakoHpoaro Washington Irving Kohcrt Burns John Milton Cliark's Dickons AV'illiain Cnlh'n Rryant Nathaniel Ilawthoi'ne Oliver Wendell lIolniej4 Henry W. ijongfellow .lames Russell Lowell Hans Cliriatian Andersen Write thf. author : hin ronntry ; one vork ; pot'tr;/ or prow, Ex.; Juha liunyuu ; Kiigliuid ; Pilgrim's Progress ; proso. 387 — Quotations Woo, modost, oriniRon-tij)i)e(l il(jwor. Tho greon-eyod mouBter. Notliing is impoKKiblo to iiuluKtry. Ho prayeth best who lovotli best. To err i« Iiuman ; to forgivo, ilivino. Leiini to labour and to wait. 0, wliat a taiiglod wob we woavo, Wlieu first wo practise to dcooive ? lloavon open'd wido llor ovor-during gates, liarmonious sound. On golden hinges moving. Write the quotation ; the, author. Ex. : Never say " Pail." Bulwer, 38** — Characters Juliet Ichabod Crane Tom Brown Ivanhoe Paul Dombey Little Nell Evangeline Mac})eth Barbai-a Frietchie Sam Waller Rip Van AVinkle Robinson Crusoe Write the character; the book ; poetry or prose ; the author, Ex. : Jo ; Little Women ; prose ; Louisa M. Alcott. tryant l()lllU\S How ^vell lulursen —Bulwer, L- 11 - ietchie Crusoe • UUAFTONS WORD AND SENTENCE HOOK 389— Review 146 war rior oyn ic al fuch Hi a phlox SH (!llt'ni olor ic al a za lo a gen tian Hkil fill proi)]i'o cf ca incl lia trea clo pro ('eo(ln ])ropli'(! Ky an tc o('(l cut pro cede con sign ee Ah trii khuii par tl ci pic ])a tienco Mk HiH uip pi prom iH HO ry du clar a tive de ceaHu 390 pal i Hade cav a lier nail ti luH or i fice ee ere cy pes ti lenco mix il ia ry lino anient Cin cin na ti rheu ma tiHiii dys pop Hi a pneii mo ni a nial [qe vi cioiiH ee 8ta Hy jeal 0U8 y (Jay enue' min Hpell 391 392 reel pe del' i nite sac ri lege right eons gra cioiis en gin eer chal ice m sur er ep au let ma no3u vre ar chi tect guar an tee chryB a lis con fis cate fag ot for feit fer rule for bade sur plice hie cough ton sil chiv al ry con va les cent per spire seal lop Riit ure si phon fron tier muH cle qua haug ftau se a dis ap pear Sep a rate sphinx mi li tia dissi 2)ato re ceived can cor ver ti cal glyc er ine sur goon ca tarrh cal en dar 1)0 n fit ed sol dier cap size ex er cise nee es sa ry bag gage bea con con science re bel liou fur lough bod ice 10 dis cern ex haust crip pie Guin ea symp torn com ment con Crete poul tice I ! It 14U GltAKTON'S WOllI) AiNI) SENTKNC^^] HOOK 393- -Keview loagno hat ttM*y ini a^ ine Tiiohe giii tar Kal a bU^ fric as sec^ sparse (!t)r nico tab er naclo lat i tilde ('li(pie fa cado Hyii a goalie mill leiii iia dir a(^ crue pro con tor mber lu'caiiKo most words nimilar in Hoiind (for'ry, ber'ry, mor'ry) have two r's ; our r in verii. Co quMtc', e-o-q-ii-o-l-t-e ; it is a dilVuMilt word because it has eight letters and only (iv(> sounds; tin; last / and ono « are nilont, the first sound of h is represinitiid by tli(» e((uiva- lent c, and tho last one by tlu^ ('(piivalcuit qa. S^p'arfttc, s-e-p-a-r-a-t-(^ ; it has eight letters and only sovon sounds ; e final is generally sihnit : the spelling of this word is dillicult to remember l)ecans(^ the sound of d in tho HO(!ond syllable is obsctuni jiiid tiiat letter ])0(;omoH confused with the letter e, having an obscure b(nind in words some- what similar ; two an in separate. " In applying tho diacritical marks to combinations of let- -m -n- -Wi lli i i ilBllll w i 148 GKAFTON'S WORD AND f^RNTENCE BOOK ters representing .1 single elementary sound and including the represented letter itself, it is enstomary to give that let- ter the proper mark, and regard the other letters of the combination as silent ; thus : b^t\ii'ty. Equivalents Hkimikskxtin*} Elkmkntauy Sounds. The sound of fi, as in ale, is represented in nine Otlier ways: Ihul, day, they, Vill, Ste.;K, gaiigt^; gaol, AS rou, me 1-' Jee . The sound of it, as in ildd, in three other Avays : plaid, giTar'an tor, Ca'nSnn. The sound of a, as in iirni, in five other ways: Sunt, hoirt, giTard, Ser'geant, ba Zaar'. The sound of a, as in all, in seven other ways: "bawl, l^d, marn, fought, brmid, G^srge, ex ti'S^r'di- na ry. The sound of A, as in f4re, in five other \vays: .a a , , a i , a hair, pray cr, where, pear, their. The sound of e, as in eve, in eleven otlier ways : miSt, b^t, chief, de ceive', po lice', key, Cie'sar, peo'ple, quay, Por'tu giiese, Phuj'bus. The sound of t^, as in Sbb, in eleven other ways : brsid, ssid, di sr'e sis, s'ny, lidf 'er, Is^p'ard, fnind, bu ry, gsist, SayS, (Ett 1 pus. The sound of i, as in ice, in nine other tie, guide, higllt, buy, asle, 1% Jyl-, aye, by. 7-ays OKAFTOX'S WORD AND SRNTRNCE ROOK 149 The souiid of i, nw in Kll, in (deveii other ways: niyth, du'tioS, biTild, bar'gain, bu'sy, prst'ty, b^n, v Y y T wsni'en, for'eigii, ciir'i'iEge, tor'tiTise. The sound of 6, as in ode, in nine other ways: boat, glow, poar, too, tloor, liuut ooy, Sow, hemi, yeo man. The sound of 5, as in 5dd, in two other ways: WaS, knJwl'edge. The sound of u, as in use, in eight other ways : dew, hm, JiTiCe, lieu tei', Jieu, View, Deau ty, lliaU tua-lliaK er. The sound of ti, as in tis, in seven other ways : szn, touch, flwd, d5cs, por'])5ise, cusli'ion, gud'gcoii. The sound of "u, as in urn, in eight other ways : her, tliirst, hiai'd, ^v6rk, scsuige, uiyr tie, in ai', guer . don. The sound of ii, as in rule, in eight other ways: brooiii. Soup, do, glow, owe, ti'ue, iiuit. Ilia iiujii \re. The diphthongs ol and oy are used to represent the same sound, and o?i and ow likewise. The sound of ^' is represented hy ph in Stephen. Ill fares the land, to hastening ills a prey. Where wealth accumulates and men decay. Princes and lords may flourish, or may fade, A breath can make them, as a breatii has made ; But a bold peasantry, their country's prif\e, When ouce destroy'd, can never be supplied. — Ooldsmith, 150 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTPINCE BOOK MISCELLANEOUS WORDS lli H !■ 1^ i < 4 \U qy'ele groat tit'tle ar'id guess syn'od ae'gis gim'bals ehek'el big'ot gaai'ut sub'tne bo hea' gib'ber ty'phus bay'ou gal'ley tru'igm €0 QY(}e' gun'wale * ter ra9e Ca lais hals'er ton tine' ca'liph hu§ siir' n trea'tJse cai'tifp hos'tler ttir'gid chas'ten i'dyl tan'nin con tour' la,t'ti(;e tro'phy die bftrse' lev'ee ves'ttge driv'el pew'ter vis'yid dis'tieh 6'eliro Xerx es dae'tyl or'gieg van'quish ex'tant mdr'tlfse thral' dom drach'ma poni'mel III whole'some fief pae'an Ar'a bie fugue pol'len ap ro pos' fer'ret pritfe'ee a€ cou'tre fa'kir rhythm as p6rse' fe'tigh ekit'tish art'i §an fal'eon Bubt'le as sign ee' fis'sure B9i'on an'no tate flag'on phe'nix ' an'nu lar ' flip'pant pon'iard an'te room fop'pish pot'shCrd at'tri bute Prouunciation.— 1 gun 61. 2 Also phce'nix. ORAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 151 an'ti type ar'mis tice ac adem'in am btls'sa dor ad 'mi ra ble a poc'ry i)ha ag'gran dize ar tif 'i cer an i m68'i ty ac com'mo date IV as cend'en ey ad veil ti'tious u er o stat'ic38 al i meiit'a ry a poc'a Ij^^pse au rif 'er ous ap'o tliegm an nl hi la'tion as sas si na'tion ac knowl'edg ment ghar'la tan chrys'o lite con'fer ence (jen'o taph cod'i q\\ de vel'op (jic'a tri9e (jin'na bar cre'o sote dec'a logue au spi cious a pos'ta sy am'ber gris a nath'e ma al'ka line bu'ri al brig'a dier bri taii'ni a be nef i cence a bridg'ment bl^s'phe my bis sex'tile Byz'an tine 9i vil'ian coll'ier y con (jen'tre CO me'di an con'nen trate com po'nent com 'pro mige eiglit'i cth e qua to'ri al ben e fi'ci a ry bi til 'mi nous bac elia na'li an con tani'i nate cor rob'o rate con sid'er ate cor po're al com'})lai sange VI Eu ro pe'an fa ce'tious fas'ci nate f u lie re al fore clos'ure fo li a'ceous fal la'cious flagitious flag'eo let fa n^t'i 9i§m di I6m'ma des'per ate des'ti tute eq'ui page eq'ui ty em bedded ex hib'it est'u a ry dram'a tist ex clieq'uer eu'cha rist eu'pho ny e lyg'i um em pir'ic e pit'o me ex'or cige f e r69 i ty em py re 'an e ph6m'e rai ex tem'po re 152 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK l^i ^ VII ■ ^ 1 cruR ta'ceous de Itn'e ate hos'pi ta ble 1 i i cuK ras sier' e$ ftg'ger ate hy pCr'bo le I cr^s'tal lino I I ca lum'ni ous e las tt9'i ty ge lat'i nous e lii'9i date ir rdf u ta ble 1 clian'^el lor e lab'o rate in dfg e nous ; con cur'rencG e vdp'o rate in nu en'do com m6d'i ty e c6n'o my in stal'^raent j 9Tr cunfi stan'tial em bar'rass in ad vr'rt'en9e con se qu6n'tial 6r y stp'e las id i syn'cra sy 1 1 con 8ci Sn'tious et y n\6\'o gy in can d68'9ence VIII con san guin'i ty dishabille' ir re triev'a ble 1' confM'eracy dis'so nant her bu'ceous 1 com'mis sa ry dl mCn'sion in M'li ble 1 ' con tem'po ra ry de 9(5p'tion im mfin'si ty I con sdl'a to ry ex hor ta'tion in 6c'u late , h ere ta'ceous en ttin'el ling in ter mts'eion j j i con de B9(5n'sion 1 i da guSrre'o type c qua nim'i ty in flam'ma tory ep i cu re'an in stan tu'ne ous ■ 1 jj Des Moines i'6r men ta'tion in tt'l'li gi ble f 1 dys'en ter y e qui nSg'tial in de fiit'i ga ble i 5 IX ■ : ' i ^ dis p(5n'ea ry e$ ha lu'tion lifer a ture I dim i nii'tion fdr i na'ceous lach'ry mal t con nois seur' em 'is sa ry lab'y rinth : des'ue tude ge 6m e tri'cian le gu'nii nous li ex pe dl'tion gram ma'ri an liq'ui date M ej haust'i ble ho me 6p'a thy lt5g'end a ry 1 i des ic ca'tion ]| dig gCrn'ment ieh thy dl'o gy mur'mur ing i so tliGrm'al mount ain eer' ■I It de te'ri o rate 1 de clilm'a to ry ho mo ge'iie ous ma chin'e ry 1 hJp po pot'a mus ka lei'do scope GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 153 mil Ic'-n'rii um men ag'e rio met a phj?-§'ins mis'9el la iiy met a mor'plioso ne go ti a'tiou mCr'^e na ry mne mon'ies me€h a ni'ciau 5 le ag'i uous mf thdl'o gy non 9ha lance' pug na'cious Pen'ta teu{!h porte-mon naie' pu sil lan'i nious pla gi a rigm phra ge ol'o gy ])e ripii'er y per e gri na'tion 1)1*0 pi ti a'tion l)ar si mo'ni ous per sna'gion pol i ti'cian pro yed'ure l)ar'a ghnte phygiol'ogy plios plior 6890' psy chdl'o gy ta9'i turn Rim i lar'i ty rig i bil'i ty reo ti line al rem i nis'cence r^'9 i pr69'i ty ree ol lec'tion re-iin burse' re tal'i ate res ur rcc'tion ri dic'u lous XI re lax a'tion pome gran'ate pseu'do nym sub poe'na su per sti'tious so 119'i tude syn on'y mous seq lies tra'tion su per iiu'mer a ry su per in tend'ent XII sub'lu na ry triph thon'gal t^r'an nize ty ran'nic al ste're o type Bfe'o pliant stadt'hold er tran s9ond cnt'al tradi'tion ary ver sa til'i ty vo lu'mi nous th6r a peu'tics tCch'nic id vin di ca'tive virt'u al ly vi'bra to ry zo di'ac al Xen'o phon zo'o pliyte wlt'ti cigm va'ri e gate vict'ual er tcM-'ti a ry tal'ig man thral'dom ti-ip'ar tite U'ra nus al Je'gi ance u biq'ui tons am phi the'a tre ad mit'tance ftuc tion eer' as so'ci a'tion a pds'tro phe a cade my au da cious arV'he type al le gor'ic al ac cept'ance ac 9el er a'tion 164 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK fac-sim'i le f^l'chion ' f^rconry' gan'grene gno'mon gaz et teer' gloss'a ry geology gC'r'nii uate glu'ti nous Get'tys barg gal'ax y Havre ' Hu'gue not " house'-wife he gi'ra Hin'doo in 9i§'ion <«''^^) in gig'ure ^^^^^^ im pr6mp'tu id'i om in dict'ment ir re trie v 'a bk il lu'sive io'ta 1 tal'ian in ter cede' il Ht'er ate xm il lus'trate im'be 9ile im'po tent in 9i'Bive in sep'a ra ble in'ter est ed jes'sa mine judg'ment jave'lin jour'ney man XIV jeop'ard y las'si tude iiq'ue fy lu'cra tive li tig'ious l&e'quer la9'er ate main tain' mech'an i§m XV mar'9hion ess • Miilm'gey " man u mis'sion maeli i nation mar'tyr dom mo nop'o ly m^rie a ble mds quer ade' may'or al ty myr'mi don mys'ti 9igm nun'ner y nar'ra tive nau'se ate ' nec'tar ine naive te' * op'er ate os'Bi fy os'ee ous ob liq'ui ty oc'u lar pos sSs'eion pii'er ile psal'ter y pel'i can pen'nant prom'i nent Pough keep'sie p&r'a site Ple'ia deg ' p^r'qui site phthi'sis " phthig'ie " pro te ge' " po r6s'i ty pro vin'cial pie be'ian Pronnneiatlon.— I • hfl'gft n6t ; ^ mar'shfin gs fftl'chun ; 2 fft'k'n ; » nj^'sih* ilt ; ; 8 mam'zy; »ple'ya dgz; »•> thl'sis ; * n& Sv th' ; ' ha'Tgr ; ntiz'ik;"pr6tdzli4'. GRAFTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 155 par'ri 9ide pal'li a tive par'ox y§m per'i gee piqu'an qy pol'y glot por'rin ger p6r'phy ry preg'by ter pros'e lyte Pt61'e my Pall-mall' • Phil'o mel poign'ant qu^r'u lous qua drille' req'ui §ite re 96p'ta cle rec'om pense ro'ge ate ra pa9'i ty re dun'dant reg'i due 6p69'i fy sig'ni fy stu'pe fy sylvan squan'dcr sa€'ri fice XVI BUS pi'eious Sioux ' sen'ti cut se di'tious stren'u ous sat'el lite sue 9es'sive schigm ^ su per sede' sym'me try XVII Sehuyrkill Si'nai • souve nir' sup'plo ment sol'e 9igm syl'lo gism sa'ti ate st^r'to rous s1ir'9in gle XVIII soph'istry sop o rif 'ic tu i'tion tran si'tion tlir pen tine tarn 'a rind T6r're Haute * tri glyph tiir'gid tram 'mel an'te date ap'po gite a bey'ance sea tliet'icB al le'gro bur k^sque' braggart u'gu ry buoy'ant boat'swain vi'ti ate car'cass chieftain ben'i gon bar'be cue bag'i lisk bom ba zine' ban dit'ti bli-the'eome ada'gio* ftl'ter cate ve neer' challenge cri tique' ehi me'ra crab 'bed CO 16s'su8 car touch' Qit'a del Pronunclatton.— > eSo ; 2 siz'm ; » p61-m6r ; * tfir'rg hot ; eada'jft. 15G OUAFTON'S WOIil) AND SK.NTKNCF. UOOK WORDS OFTEN MISPRONOUNCED Have the pupils 'vrito the words divided into syllables and marked IS below. Drill on the i^onunciution until a correct, habit is formed. litA'ii the words used in short oral sentences. I aunt sa'tyr wpiu'lor eheik biith Btra'ta cadiWer Biiite' gape nape va gfi'ry ])rot'ty ' lilugh Da'nish cu rfi'tor trlb'une vaunt ina'trou de ca'denco piqu'ant II m6r'phtne Ar'ab op'och iia'§al Btrych'niue com'rade e:^^ {let' loi'gure bt'ii'zlne Heni'aiis r^g'in meas'uro bro'mide car'mino ddQ'ile fort'night rftp'lne Pai'es tine jdc'und thgre'fore 111 Biip'ple ally' ro bust' tt rade' htlr'ass pla card' fl nil nee' ca nine' tenet re cess' l)re tense' a gain' ' fet'id re course' ro niance' a d6pt' furcrum re sGarcli' ad drCss' re source IV been* ket'tle grl mace' ac cli'mate catch gra'tis cftn'strue an cho'vy launch greag y black 'guard * griln'a ry hearth se'nile on'er ous na'tion al o'nyx are 'tie al bi'no mis'chiev ous Pronunciatlon.- -iswCt; «prit'ty; 3 a gen'; ♦bin; 6biag'gard, QRiM^"''(>N\s WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 157 py rl'tt'fl ho ri'zon broil ehrtifl m pir'uiit U (!()Us'tic'8 ' bt tu'iiiuu nf r'vato i tril'ic ttc c^^nt'ed CO (|uot'ry con (lo'louce de ftH'cato i (lo'a in quir'y op po'nont Bub Hid 'dice pre cud 'e nee ini mobile ly ce'um mil s6'um pre vcnt'ive jii'gii lar ju'vc nile le'ni ent VI dis'pii tunt ddl'or oils dcf i cit hC'r'otiie liy'gi One mCr'cuii ttle rSc're ant splen'e tic Bo'cia ble ' sac'ra ment 180 late ve'he ment tr^'cn lent be'he m6th Bur'gun dy Hc'o ri^e hkM'o culo I'o vva pri'va oy prdb'i ty hand'ker cnief ' post'liu mous lor'ger y mis c(5n'strije VI I Cal ll'o pe Terp sieli'o re al I6p'a thy hy drop'a thy au re'o la va ri'o la a mc'na bio dem o ni'acal ma nl'ac al fin an cier' et i quette' re'al ly py ram'i dal re flit 'a ble restor'ative in com 'pa ra ble rt5p'a ra ble ir rep'a ra ble VIII &1 ter ca'tion en cv clo ped'ic in dis'pu ta ble in 6x'o ra ble ir r^v'o ca ble li thdg'ra pher nfip'o tism rjlil'Iery p6r'ce lain in'te gral main'te nance ex'cpii gite tn'ter est ing lam'ent a ble com 'para ble u6m'i na tive or'tho e py pfir'emp to ry an to pe nttlt' ap o tlie'o sis an tip'o des sar sa pa rll'la o le o mar'ga rtne E liz'a bctli an Pronuuclatlon.— > ft kous'tlks or A kOTs'tlks ; ahao'kSrchlf ; » eO'sMb'J. 158 (JIlArroN'S WORD AND SKNTKNCli U()OK ADDITIONAL HOMONYMS Ail, to pain; to tr(iiil)]t) Ale, a malt, liquoi' Aisle, a passajjo Isle, an islaml I'll, cuntim-tion of "1 will " All, tli«' wh()l(> Awl, a itorin^ instrniniMit Altar, a placo of sacritU-i' Alter, t»t (ihanjife Bail, security; handle of a kettle Bale, a bundle liall, a round body Bawl, to cry aloud Bare, naked Bear, an animal Beach, the sea-shore Beech, a tree Bin, a box f(»r grain Been, from be. Berry, a small fruit Bury, to cover with earth Berth, room in a ship Birth, coming into life Borough, a town Burrow, a hoi? for animals Bread, fcMxl imide of flour Bred, brought up Cannon, a great gun Canon, a rule ; a church oflicer Canvas, coarse cloth Cauvass, to examine Ceiling,— of a r Sealing, fastening se(!urely Ci're, to cover with wax Sear, lo burn Seer, one who furebcoa Sere, dry (^hord, — in music Cord, a snudi ropo Core, the uwwr part (■orps, a body of troops Cousin, a relative Co/en, to cheat Crews, — of sailors Cruise, a voyage Cruse, a small bottle Dire, dread fid Dyer, one who dyes Doe, a she-deer Dough, paste of bread Fain, glad Fane, a temj)lti Feign, to pretend Feat, a <]eed Feet, the plural of foofc Flew, iromfli/ Flue, a [)assage for smoke Flour, fine meal Flower, a blossom Foul, not clean Fowl, a winged animal Gild, to overlay with gold Guild, a society I (lUAiToN'.s woui) AND si.;nti<:nor book 159 FIhII, n larpo room IIhiiI, to pull; to draw II(!W, to (tut Hue, II colour Iloiinl, t(» lay up Horde, a waiKicriiij; tribe Key, Hii iiistrumeul (^uay, a wharf Kill, to tako life Kiln, — of hric'ks Know, from know Uiui, ail animal Now, not old Liar, ono who tolia llos Tjyro, a music-al instrumGnt Loan, anythinj^ huit Ijono, without (iompany Manner, way of doin^,' Manor, land of a nol)lRman Marshal, a ohief olUuer Martial, warliko Moan, to groan softly Mown, from ynow Palate. — of the mouth J*allet, H stnall bed Palette, u painter's board Pause, a stoj) Paws, feet of beasts of prey Purl, to flow gently Pearl, a jewel Plum, a fruit Plumb, exactly upright Praise, to speak well of Prays, asks earnestly Preys, takes by violence J'rollt, gain Prophet, one who foretells Raise, to lift Hays,— of light little, to tear down Seam,— of a coat Seem, to appear S(*as, bodi(!s of water Sees, from nee. Seize, to take hold of Sower, one who sows Soar, to fly aloft Sore, an uleer Sewer, one who sows Slay, to kill Sleigh, u vehiehi for snow Sole, the bottom of the foot Soul, the spirit of man Tear, water from the eyea Tier, a row Throne, the seat of a king Thrown, from throw Vale, tlie Ri)ace between hilla Veil, a eovering for the face Waive, to give up Wave, — of the ocean Wring, to twist Ring, a circle ; to sound a hell To the Tcrtc/ter.— Exercises in the use of these words in sentences should be given. See Lessons on Homonyms, Part II. 160 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SKNTKNCK HOOK Punctuation X. Punctuation jVEakks Enumerated The period or full stop ( . )' ^^^^ question mark or note o! iuterrogjitiou { ? ), the exclamation mark or note of excla- mation ( 1 ), the semi-colon ( ; ) and the comma ( , ) are the punctuation marks in most connnon use. To these add the colon ( : ), parentheses ( () ), the dash ( — ) and quota- tion marks, either donble { '"' ) or single {' ' ). ■ }3._Proitibitouy Caution Do not insert a stop between any of the parts of a proposi- tion ennmerated below, when they follow in the order given. 1. The article and any word. 2. The adjective and the noun qualified. 3. The adverb or adverbial conjunction and the word modified. 4. The antecedent and its relative. 5. The word on which a preposition depends, the pi'eposi- tion and its regimen. G. Any two like parts of speech con- nected by a conjunction. 7. The subject, verb and attri- bute or object, except that when the subject is composed of parts separated by commas, a comma is inserted before the verb. E.f/. An easy and efficient system of punctuation carefully avoids the needless separatio^i of words which are arranged in the customary order of grammatical dependence aiul con- nection. I did the work so that it might be approved. I entered when I was ready. Old and young, rich and poor, wise and foolish, were involved in ruin. ^Minerals, vege- tables, animals, elements, became objects of adoration. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE ROOK 161 note of t excla- ; , ) are lese add L quota- proposi- r given, iind the unction relative, preposi- *cli con- A attri- [)()sed of fore the jarefully irranged ind con- jved. I id poor, is, vege- )n. C. — Rules of Most Fuequent AppLrcATioN 1. The period ends a complete statement. F.g. I am not bound to please thee with my answer. 2. 1'he note of interrogation ends a direct question. E.g. Do you confess the bond ? 3. The note of exclamation is put after (a) an interjection or {/)) an exclamatory phrase or {c) sentence, (d) except *' " with the nominative of address. E.g. (a) Alas ! he's mad. (b) Fie upon your law ! (c) How pale he glares ! (d) U thou fall'st, Cromwell, thou fall'st a blessed martyr. 4. The i:>rincipal propositions of a period, when complete, are separated by semi-colons. E.g. I have trod a measure ; I have flattered a lady ; I have been politic with a friend, smooth with an enemy. J^ofe. — If the principal propositions are short or connected by having a common subject, verb or object, they are often separated by commas only ; when both short and connected as above, even the comma is frequently omitted. E.g. He struck his brother with an axe, and killed him., lie reads and writes. 5. Commas separate (a) the clauses of a principal proposi- tion from each other and from the principal proposition and (/>) words in them which have no direct grammatical connec- tion ; hence they enclose nominatives of address, nomina- tives absolute, appositives of more than a noun and article and jiarts of a proposition inverted in order ; besides, they replace (6') omitted words, especially the conjunction ^' and E.g. (a) lie who is unwilling to submit to death, when Heaven decrees it, deserves not to have lived, (b) How far, Catiline, wilt thou abuse our patience ? Our men, the con- flict being over, lay down on their arms to rest. The young prince, worthy son of a valiant father, conducted the nego- ciation with consummate skill. To a man of unconquerable determination, all things are possible, (c) His seed shall endure forever ; and his throne, as the sun before me. Min- 11 >> wz GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE ROOK II II erals, vegetables, animals and the elements became objects of adoration. Special Rules The colon is nearly obsolete. It may, however, replace a semi-colon, when any conjunction but *'and" is omitted between two principal propositions (a) ; and it is often used after a transitive verb, before a quotation of many words (b). E.g. {a) Williams rode away as fast as possible : there was extreme danger in facing three lancers alone, {b) The Saxon Chronicle says : ''All that was hateful to God and oppres- sive to man was customary in William's time." The semi-colon is sometimes used instead of the word "namely" {a), and it precedes the contraction ''viz." {b). E.g. Five Tudor sovereigns reigned in England, namely, Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth. Five Tudor sovereigns reigned in England; viz., Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth. Five Tudor sovereigns reigned in England; Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Mary and Elizabeth. The period is placed after a contraction {a), and may then be immediately followed by any stop other than the period itself {h). E.g. {a and b) The money which had been bor- rowed at ten per cent., was repaid on the 10th ult. Explanatory statements or amplifications of meaning, which may be omitted without marring the grammatical structure of a sentence, are enclosed, sometimes by commas, sometimes by parentheses, sometimes by dashes. E.g. Gyp- sum, suljihate of lime, is often used as a manure. Gypsum (sulphate of lime) is often used as a manure. Gypsum — sul- phate of lime — is often used as a manure. The dash marks an abrupt change in the current of tliouHit ; especially it is used at the end of a statement left incomplete. It also separates words repeated for the sake of emphasis. E.g, When I catch him, Til—; but I will GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 163 utter no threats. Work— work — work, till the brain begins to swim. The words of verbally exact quotations are enclosed within double quotation marks, the quotation mark being repeated at the beginning of each line of a long quotation. Single quotation marks are used to distinguish quotations within quotations. Quotation marks follow other punctuation marks. E.g. Startled by the stillness broken by reply so aptly spoken, ''Doubtless,'' said I, ''what it utters is its only stock and store, " Caught from some unhappy master whom unmerciful dis- aster ' Followed fast, and followed faster, till his songs one burden bore, ■ Till the dirges of his Hope, that melancholy burden it tt bore, " Of ' never — nevermore.' " Syllabication Pkinciples of Syllabication" The syllabication must aid correct and distinct pronuncia- tion. Hence : 1. Each syllable must be capable of separate pronunciation. 2. Letters which in association modify the sound of one another, ought not to be separated in syllabication. 3. Each separate syllable should be pronounceable as an English monosyllable similarly spelled would be pronounced. 4. Usually the vowel sounds that end monosyllables are long. E.g. aye, he, eye, oh, ewe ; and the monosyllables that end in consonants are short. E.g. mat, hen, bid, dog, run. 164 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENf'K BOOK 5. (JoiiKon'.intK uro mort^ (listiiK^tly heard wlien associated with acoenti'd syluiblos. (5. CoiiHonaiits are inoro easily pronounced at the beginning than at the end of syllables. 7. Consonants are more easily pronounced when very closely associated with vowels. 8. A root word usually i)reserves its pronunciation, when compounded with another, or when a pretix or an atlix is attached to it. 1^ Rules for Syllauication- Frlneiphl. Rule a. — l)onotdivideamonosylla])le. E.g, Oil, fraught, rhythm, beau, must not be divided. rrin. 1. Rule /y.— Every separated part must have a vowel in it. E.(j. Jame!^''s must not be divided. Prin. 2. Rule c.—\)o not divide a digraph or a trigrapli, as th, sh, ch, ck, ng, sc, gn, sch, etc. E.tj. Fa-ther, ush-er, arch-itoct. Prin. a. Rule d. — When a consonant modifies the sound of a precedin g vowel, do not separate the two. E.(J. Mot! \ -er, par-ent, wom-en. Prin. 2. Rule <'.— Do not separate c or (j soft from the letter which softens it. E.(/. Eviden-cing, rava-ger, oran- gery, judg-ment. Prin. 2. Rule /—Do not divide such terminations as -tion, -sion, -cious, -cean, -sure, -geon. E.g. Inten-tion, pas-sion, gra-cious, o-cean, lis-sure, pi-geon. Prin. 3. Rule g.—T)o not begin or end a syllable with such combinations of letters as cannot begin or end an Eng- lish word. E.g. Max-im, not ma-xim, complex-ion, an-gel, e-quation, i-guanodon. Prin. 3. Rule h. — I'he division between two syllables falls between two vowel sounds separately pronounced, thus dis- tinguishing them from possible diphthongs. E.g. 0-olite, GRAFTON'S WORD AND SRNTENCK ROOK 165 not oo-lite as in ooze; a-eriul, not ue-rial, aw in ae-olian ; SL'i-enco, not like the second syllable of (!on-seienee ; covv-ard, not co-ward ; curi-osity, ortlio-oi)y, aye-aye, moi-ety, abey- ance, tri-iinipli. Prui. 4, Hide i. — The division })etween two syllables fsdls immediately after a long vowel. E.g. Fa-vour, fe-ver, po-tent, brn-tal, beaii-tiful, poi-son. Prin. 5. linlej. — Siiigle consonants or digraphs between two short vowels cling to that whi(;h has the stronger accent. E.g. Pres'i-deiit, hab'it, ha-})it'ual, hab-i-ta'tion, propli'et, pro-phet'ic, liv'id, li-vid'ity. Prin. 0. Rule Jc. — Single consonants or digraphs between two short vowels e(pially iniac(!ented cling to the latter. E.g. Veri-si-miritude. Prin. 7. Huh I. — AVlien two or more consonants inter- vene between two vowels, distribute them between the former and the latter vowel as shall best represent the [)ro- nunciation in view of principles 4, 5, G and 7. E.g., 'J'ab-let, ver-bal, i)ros-trate, pres-tige, ])re-sternal, pene-trate. Priu. 7. Pule ///.— Se[)arate doubled consonants. E.g. Mil-let, i)an-nier, par-ricide. Prin. 7. Rule n. — / must be treated as a consonant when it has the souiul of initial //. E.g. Val-iantly, on-ion. Prin. 8. Pule o. — In syllabication preserve the identity of compound words. E.g. Back-ache, foot-stool. Prin. 8. Pule p. — In syllabication separate prefixes and affixes, when neither they nor the words to which they are joined, are modified in pronunciation by the junction. E.g. Pre-side, but pres-ident, not })re-sident ; pre-cedent and prec-edent are distinct words; peeress-es, heart-y, eat-able. In some instances, some of the foregoing rnles are antag- onistic. Most of such cases are met by the following cus- tomary rules : Pule q. — Join c or ^ soft to the vowel preceding, when it is 166 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK ehort and accented ; i.e., give precedence to Rule j over Rule e. Rule r. — Always join the preceding consonant to the ter- minations -le and -re. Examples of the operation of these last rules are capac-ity, imag-ination, tan-gle, tric-kle. In other instances of antagonism of rules, so divide sylla- bles as will best represent the pronunciation in accordance with the general principle. Iii such cases authorities differ, and you will almost certainly have some good authority on your side, however you may decide. The People of Canada The people of Canada pro descendants of the old French who originally settled along the St. Lawrence, together with English, Irish, Scotch, and others of foreign nationalities. Among these may be found men of genius and culture, who have made themselves known in the world of science and art; and every year sees the number of those who aspire to literary fame becoming greater. ' With the increase of education, wealth, leisure and foreign travel, there has been a marked change in the customs and habits of the people. Social refinement and luxury have in recent years greatly increased ; and a type of character is being gradually developed, which is distinctly national. With her magnificent resources of soil, forest and mine, her relatively pure, simple and healthy domestic life, her free systems of education and her excellent form of govern- ment, Canada certainly possesses the promise ard potency of a great nation. S i; GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK 167 Additional Derivatives from Latin and Greek Words The root of a derivative is the word from whicli it was formed. The meaning of the root is the leading idea in the meaning of the derived word. The forms of roots in deriva- tives are often changed more or less for the sake of euphony or for other reasons. Latik and Greek Roots and their Derivatives. A mo, mnatiwi, to love. Root forms : a7n, amat. amiable, amity, enamour, amicable, amateur. Animus, anima, m.nd, soul, life. Root form : anim, animal, animation, animosity, magnanimity. Audio, auditum, to hear. Root forms : aud, audit, audible, audience, auditory, inaudible, auditor. Bene, well ; good. benefactor, benediction, benison, benefit, benevolence. Brevis, short. Root forms : brev, bref. brevity, brief, abbreviate, breve. Bis, twice ; two. Root form, bi. biped, biennial, bisect, bivalve, biscuit. Cajno, captum, to take. Root forms : cap, capt, cept, captive, receptacle, capable, captor, reception. Credo, credituni, to believe. Root forms : cred, credit. creed, credible, credulous, credit, credential. Clamo, cJamatum, to cry out. Root forms : clam, clamat. exclaim, clamorous, acclamation, proclaim, claimant. Dice, dictum, to say. Root forms : die, diet. diction, dictate, contradict, predict. Duco, ductum, to lead. Root forms : due, duct. introduce, conductor, ductility, reducible. Fluo, jiuxum, to iiow. Root forms : flu, fl,ux, flucL fluency, fluctuation, fluid, superfluous, influx. Fundo, fusum, to pour. Root forms : fund, fus. infuse, confuse, difEuse, refund, fusion. 16S GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTEN('E BOOK iP GrmUor, grcssus, to walk. Koofc fornis : grad, greas. jnogivsK, ogrosK, ooTigrcsfi, traiiBgress, retrograde. Over, grcglx, a flock. Koot form : greg. aggregate, segregate, congregate, gregariouH. llahvi), liabifum, to liave ; to hold. KootforniH : Jmb, habiU inhabit, 2)rohil)it, exhibit, habitable. llivrvo, liivsiun, to stick. Root forms: her, Jies. adliere, cohenion, incoherent, liesitate. Jtnt(jo, Ju?icfum, to join. Root forms : Jung, JuncL adjunct, junction, subjunctive, conjuncture. Zego, It'vtuin, to choose; to read. Root forms : Inj, In-f., select, election, elegant, legible, lecture. Jah'ks, a 2)lace. Root fornis : lor, lieu. local, locomotive, locality, lo(;alize, lieutenant. Loquor, locufufi, to speak. Root forma : loqii. Incut. loquacious, colloquy, soliloquy, circundocution. Manus, the hand. Root forms : man, main. nuinual, maiuiscript, nuinacle, manufacture. Mitto, missuni, to send. Root forms : mit, misft, transmit, omit, intermittent, missionary. Moveo, mo turn, to move. Root forms : mov, moL motive, promote, commotion, remote, movable. Nornen, nominis, a name. Root forms : nam, 7iomi?i, noun, denominator, jjronomiual, cognomen. JVosco, not urn, to know, to mark. Root form ; not, notable, notice, incognito, denote. Omnis, all. omnibus, omniscient, omnivorous, omnipotent. Oro, or at urn, to speak ; to pray. Root form : orat, adore, inexorable, oral, oration. Pono, posituni, to put ; to place. Root forms : pon, posit postpone, posture, depository, propose. Plica, plicatum, to fold. Root forms : pUc, pUcat, multiplication, simplicity, duplicity, triple. GUAFTUN'S WURJ) AND SKNTKNCK IIOOK ICU Primufi, first. Root form : jyrim. primor, primitive, prime, primate, primeval. Iie(/o,, rertum, to rub. Root forms : rey, red. regent, direct, correction, dir(!ctre88. tSero, serf urn, to (uit. Hoot forms : see, sect. ])iMect, Hegmeiit, insect, Bectional. Sefjuor, scent US, to follow. Root forms : soqu, secut. prosecute, consecuitivo, nubsequent, sequel. Spivo, splratum, to ])reathe. Root forms : spir, spiraL expire, aspiration, dispiriting, conspirator. StOy statum, to stand. Root forms : sta, slat, sist, staiit. station, obstacle, stable, constant, resist. Traho, tr actum, to draw. Root form : tract. attract, subtraction, distract, contracstor. Tribuo, trihutum, to give. Root form : trihut. tributary, retribution, contribute, tribute. Terra, the earth. terrestrial, Mediterranean, territory, terrier. Verto, versuni, to turn. Root forms : vert, vers. adversity, versatile, reverse, jiversion, divert. Voco, vocatum, to call. Root forms : voe, vocat, vocation, revoke, equivocal, convocation. Verus, true. Root form : ver. aver, verify, veracity, veracious. Grapho, to write. Root form : (jraph. monogi-aph, geography, telegraph, graphite. PJdtos, a lover. Root form : ^>/r//. I'hiladelphia, philosopher, philanthropist, philology. Plione, the voice. telephone, euphony, phonetic, phonograph. Polls, a city. police, metropolis, cosmopolitan, politics. To the Trrtc/tcr.— Have pupils note the part of the (lerlved word found in the root word ; also add other words to the lists of derivatives and give their meanings. The infinitive gives the gefural meaning of the verbal root. 170 GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK French Words and Phrases A la mode. In the fashion. Amour propre. Vanity. A propoH. To the point. Au fait. Skilful; export. Au revoir. Farewell till we meet again. Jieaic monde. Tho fashionable world. Bete noir. A bugbear. Billet doux. A love-letter. Bizarre. Odd; fantaatic. BlasS. Surfeited. Bon jour. Good-day. Bo7i mot. A witticism. CafS. A cofTee house. Carte Uanche. Full power. Chef d\Buvre. A master-piece, Comme il faut. As it should be. Coup d'itat. A stroke of policy. Cuisine. A kitchen ; cookery. Dibut. First appearance. Douceur. A bril)e. Eati de Cologne. Cologne water. Eclat. Splendour; l)rilliancy. Elite. A select body of persons. Encore. Again. E71 masse. In a body. Ennui, Weariness, En route. On the way. EntrSe. Entry; a side dish. Entre nous. Between ourselves. Esprit de corps. The animating spirit of a collective body. ExposL An exposure. Fagade. A front view. Fait accompli. A thing already done. Faux pas. A false step. Femme sole, A woman unmarried. F^te. A holiday. Crarron. A boy. ^'■■t'S d'armes. Armed police. Jlaut ton. Highest fashion. Ilnrs de combat. Not in a condi- tion to fight. Jeu d' esprit. A witticism. Laissez ^r//.r. Lci, alone. 3hnn. a bill of faro. Nalcete. Native simplicity. Kie. Born. Keyliiji. Undress. Noblesse otdige. Rank imposes ob- ligalion. Norn de guerre. A pseudonym. On dit. Tliey say. Par excellence. Pre-eminently. Parvr u. An upstart. Pot-pourri. A medley. Protege. One protected by an- other. Qui vive. Who goes there? On the alert. Raison d'etre. Reason iur being. Resume. A summing up. liohe de chambre. A dressing gown. Sans souci. Without care. Savant. A man of science. Savoir faire. Tact; skill. Seance. A sitting. Tete-a-tete. Face to face; in dose conversation. Tout ensemble. T)ie whole taken together. Trousseau. A wedding outfit. Valet de chambre. An attendant, 17*' d vis. Facing. Vive le roi. Long live the king. GRAFTON'S WORD AND SENTENCE BOOK Additional Abbreviations 171 An abbreviation is usually formed by takiii^r tlio first let- ter, the first and last letters, or the lirst syllable of a word, followed by a period. 1), V. CJod willinjj^. 1). V. S. DoL-lor of Vuteriimry Science. Ed. Editor, Edition. E. (». or ('. g, I " '1- oxainplc. Ellff. Eii-^laiid. Esq. Es(juiro. et al. And others. etc. And so forth, et Heqq. And tiioso following. £. Hi 0. E. i rror.s and otnissi( exce[)t(,'d. )tnissions A. or ((t. Al. Acct. or fi/r. Account. A. D. (Anno Domini). In the year of (tiir Lord. A. I), C. Aide-de-camp. Adj. Adjective. Adv. All verb. Act. Aged. ' , M. Ii the iuri>noon. lint. Aniount. Anon. Anonymous. Ann. Answer. B. A. Machelor ol \rts. Bjirt, Baronet. Bbl. or hl)I. Barnd. „. ^ _, ,„.^. B.C. Ik-itish Columbia. Before F. II. S. i'VUow of the Roval So- Clirist. ciety. B. C. L. Bachelor of Civil Law. F. R. S. C. I'^ellow of the Royal B. I). Bachelor ot Divinity. Society of Canada. B. Sc. Bachelor of Science. Fur. or fur. Furlong. Bu. or bu. Jiushel. Gal. Gallon. Capt. Captain. Gen. General. V, B. Cape liieton. Gov. Governor. C. E. Civil Engineer. Chap. Chapter. Hhd. or lihd. Hogshead. CM. G. Companion of the Order Hon. Honouratjle. of St. JMichael and St. George. H. R, H. Hi Her) Royal Higli- Co. Company. nes.s, ^0. In care of. C. 0. D. or c. 0. d. Collect (or Id. The .-.iiii. . Fall. Falireidieit. F. 0. B. or f. o, b. Free on board. cash) on delivery. Col. Colonel. Corpl. Corporal Cr. Credit, Crecutor Cts. Cents. Cwt. Hundredweight. 1). Cr L. Doctor of Civil Law. 1). D. Doctor of Divinity. Dept. Department. Dls. or Bfset. Discount. Do. or do. Ditto, the same. Dr. Debit, Debtor. I. e. -'i- i. e. (id est.) That is. I. H. S. Jesu^ the Saviour of men. Incog, rnknown. Inst. Thi present month. Int. Interest. Jr. Jxini(; J. P. Justice of the Peace. K. C. B. Knight Cjminander of the B.iili. K. C. M. G. Knight Commander of S* Michael and St. George. I in GRAFTON'S WORD AND SKNTKNCK HooK K. G. KiiiK'lil of the Uurter. Kt. Kiiiglil. L., I.J or £. Pound stui'liiig. LaU L)ititu(U>. lib, or lb. I'ouiid weight. Lieut, liiculcnaiit. LL. I). Doctor of liuws. Long. Longitude. L. S. I'hiceof thcSeul. M. Noon. A thousjind. M. A. Muster <>r Arts. Maj. IMiijor. Man. Miinitoha. M, I>. Doctor of Medicine. Mdse. iMcrchandisc. Monio. Memorandum. Messrs. (k'ntlemen. Mile. Mftdeinoisello. Mine. iMadame. M. P. McndK'r of Parliament. M. 1*. 1*. Mend)er of rrovincial l*nrliament. Mr. jMister. Mrs. Mistress. MSS. Mainiscripts. N, B. New Hrunswick. Nem. con. No one contradicting. N. F. New Fouiidland. No. or If. Nund)er. N. P. Notary Public. N. S. Nova Scotia. N. T. New Testament. N. W. T. Northwest Territory. 0. H. M. S. On Her ]\Iajesty's Service. 0. K. All correct. Ont. Ontario. 0. T. Old Testament. Oz. or oz. Ounce. Pay't. Payment. P. E. I. Prince Edward Island. Per an. By the year. Per ct. or /, Per centum, by the hundred. Ph.D. 'Doctor of Philosophy. Pk«r. or pkg-, Piickage. P. M. Postmaster. Afternoon. P. 0. Post Office. P. 0. 0, Post onice Order. up. I'ages. Pres. President. Prin. Principal. Prof. Professor. Pro teni. For tiu" time being. Prox, Nextmontli. P. S. Postscript. Pitb. Pul»lisher,i)nbli(',ptd)lished. Pub. doe. Pul»lic Document. Pwt. or |MVt. I'ennyweight. Q. (Question, (^uery. ). C (Queen's Counsel. |. E. I). W'liich was to be proved. M. (Quartermaster. (^r. «»r qr. (^uire. Ot. or qt. Quart. (|ue. (Quebec. B, Recipe. R. A. itoyal Artillery, Rec'd. Received. Rev. Reverend. R. N. Royal Navy. R. R. liailroad. Rt. Hon. Right Honourable. Rt. Rev. Right Reverend. Sc. To wit, namely, viz. Sec. Secretary. Serg:. Sergeant. Sq. Scjuare. S. S. Steamship. Sr. Senior. Str. Steamer. Supt. Superintendent. Treas. Treasurer. Ult. Last month. U. S. United States. Vide. See. Viz. Namely. Vol, Volume. V. R, Queen Victoria. vs. Against, in oj)position to. W. I. West Indies. Xuias. Christmas. Yd. Yr, Yard. Year. ORAPTOX'S WORD AND SENTENCE ROOK language Lesson— Till-: MILLER oP TIIK DEE There dwelt ii inill(M\ lialo and bold, lieHi. Holmes, 115. Howltt, 14. Irving, 117. Jefferson, 27. Jones, 161. Longfellow, 99, 134. Mann, 73. Marsh, 39. Moore, 91. Payne, 32. I'enn, 108. Perclval, 30. Phillips, 141. Pope, 108. Raleigh, 78. Kead, 36. Ruskin, 18, 103 125. Scott, 114,110. Shakespeare, 116, 113, i:.). Tennyson, 105, Webster, 161. Whipple, 138. Birds, 28. Boats, 50. Body, Parts of, 11,42, 101. Business Forms, 132, 133, 135, 140. Capital Letters, 14, 19, 25, 30, 31, 58, 75, 83, 128. Church, 119. Clothing, 13, 53. Cloths, 66. Color, 90. Compound Words, 59, etc. Contractions, 91. Definitions, 4. Diacritical Marks, 6. Dictation, 14, 18, 19, 21, etc. Diseases, 110, 117. Dogs, 96. Drawing, 82. English Sovereigns, 101. Famous Buildings, 101. Farming, 56. Fish, 62. I< lowers, 35, 105. Food, 17, 40, 41, 46. Fruits, 36. Gender, 87, 90. Geography, 21, 26, 32, etc. Geometry, 133. Grammar, 72, 107. Gulf Stream, 130. History, 103, 107, 110, 114. Homonyms, 60, 65, 71, 77, 81, 8j, 89, 93, 97, 158. House, 32, 33. Imports, 63, 94. Insects, 52. Language Lessons, 12, etc. Letter-writing, 42, 47, 51, 55, 92, 94, 95, 9S. Medicines, 112. Mlnlnf,', 56, 76. Miscellaneous Words, 130, 151, 152, IW, 15i, 153. MoUusks, 108. Municipal Goverument, 112. Music, 57. Names of Persons, 30, 62, 94, 103, 107, 144. Natural History, 15, 24,30,35, .39, 48, 52, 60, 62, 72, etc. Natural Wonders of Dom. of Canada, 93. Newspaper Terms, 139. Occupations, 43. Opposites, 39, 88. Phvsics, 121, 127, 129. Picture Lessons, 12, 16, etc. Plurals, 22, 38, 63, 64, 68, etc. Possessives, 86. Precious Stones, 76. Prefixes, 104, 108, 111. Printing, 139. Pronunciation, 97, 99, 156. Proverbs, 17, 27, 37, 44, 51, 100. Punctuation, 23, 41, 45, 50, 57, 62, 69, 75, 86, 91, 113, 160, etc. Quotations, 75, 78. Railroad, 143. Relatives, 26. Review, 37, 54, 102, 145, 146. Roots, Greek, 141, 171. Latin, 136, 137, 138, 140, 164, 165, 171. Rules for Spelling, 63, 64, 68, 69, 111, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134. Sound Chart, 5, 6, 7. Suffixes, 113, 115, 118, 122, 124, 126, 128, 130, 132, 134. Synonyms. 44, 46, 53, 58, 78, 88, 92, 94, 93, 117, 120. Syllabication, 163. Titles, 58. Tools, 38. Trees, 24. Vegetables, 35, 38, 43. Vehicles, 51. Winds, 50. Words, etc., French, 170. Confused, 106, 109, 112. " Why Difficult, 147. IS, 30, 02, 94, 15,24,30,35, i, 72, etc. 1 of Dom. of IS, 139. 129. 12, 16, etc. , 64, 68, etc. ,-6. ,111. 17, 99, 156. r, 37, 44, 51, , 41, 45, 50, 57, , 113, 160, etc. .02, 145, 146. 41, 171. 136, 137, 138, 171. ing, 63, 64, 68, 126, 128, 130, , 6, 7. 5. 118, 122, 124, 132, 134. 46, 53, 58, 78, , 117, 120. 163. , 38, 43. rench, 170. ised, 106. 109, Difficult, 147.