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THE ENTRANCE 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES 
 
 i 
 
 For Third and Fourth Qasses, 
 
 tuulJ 
 
 G. E. HENDERSON, 
 
 Editor of " ?%e Canadiati Teacher" 
 
 fftfteentb XTboug^. 
 
 { 
 
 PRICE, 
 
 12 CENTS 
 
 The Educational Publishing Co. 
 Toronto, 1897. 
 
Entered according to the Act of the Parliament of the Dominion of 
 Canada, in the year one thousand eight hundred and ninety-six, by 
 Gkorgk E, Henderson, at the Department of Agriculture. 
 
t^REFACE. 
 
 These " Notes " are practically those used by us ia 
 our public school work during the past six years. 
 We found them helpful, and therefore place them be- 
 fore the teachers and pupils of the Province. The 
 Notes have been compiled from various sources ; in 
 fact, we scarcely know the authorities consulted in 
 preparing the little work for our pupils. There is 
 no attempt at originality except in the simplicity 
 and practical arrangement of the matter. 
 
 Much time and labor now spent in writing notes 
 may be saved by the use of this little book, while it 
 will do away with the scribbling and faultj/ composi- 
 tion usually to be found in pupils' note books. The 
 Notes should be used in connection with a text-book 
 on the subject. When pupils have read through the 
 lengthy paragraphs in the text-book, in which events 
 are given in detail, the substance of what has been 
 there read will be found concisely given in the 
 Notes. 
 
 The Notes will be found suited to the needs of the 
 third and fourth classes of our schools. The para- 
 graphs are numbered for convenience of reference. 
 Space is left for any additional notes which teachers 
 or pupils may wish to insert. 
 
 G. E. H. 
 
 Toronto, September, 1896. 
 
CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 PERIOD OF DTSCOVEllY. 
 
 1001-1634. 
 
 1. Leif Ericson.— In the year 1001, Leif Ericson 
 made his way from Iceland to the western continent 
 touching at parts now known as Newfoundland and 
 Massachusetts. He, however, formed no permanent 
 settlements in the New World. 
 
 2. Christopher Columbus.— In 1492, Chris- 
 topher Columbus, a Genoese sailor, aided by Queen 
 Isabella of Spain, discovered America, while in search 
 of a western route to the East Indies. The first 
 land touched was San Salvador, one of the West 
 Indies. 
 
 3. John Cabot —In 1497, Henry VII. of Eng- 
 land, sent out to the New World John Cabot, v/ho 
 discovered Newfoundland, Labrador, Nova Scotia and 
 Prince Edward Island. In the next year, accom- 
 panied by his brother Sebastian, he sailed along 
 the coast from Labrador to Florida, laying claim 
 to the whole country in the name of the King of 
 England. 
 
 4. Gaspard Cortereal— In 1500, GaspardCor- 
 
6 
 
 CANADIAN HISTOUY NOTES. 
 
 teroal, a Portuguese navigator, crossed the Atlantic 
 and touched at Labrador and Newfoundhind. 
 
 5. John Verazzani — In 1524, the French des- 
 patched to tlie New World John Verazzani. He 
 sailed down the eastern coast and named the country 
 
 New France. 
 
 6. Jacques Cartier.— In 1534, ten years after 
 the visit of Verazzani, France sent out Jacques Car- 
 tier, a sea-captain of St. Malo. On his first trip to 
 the New World, Cartier sailed to Newfoundland, and 
 passing through the Straits of Belle Isle and the Gulf 
 of St. Lawrence, landed at Gaspe in Quebec. Erect- 
 ing a cross bearing the arms of France, he claimed 
 the country in the name of his King. In the follow- 
 ing year he returned to Ameri' a and discovered the 
 River St Lawrence. He passed up this river to 
 the Indian villages of Stadacona and Hochelaga. 
 After spending the winter at Stadacona, Cartier re- 
 turned to France. In 1541, he made a third trip to 
 America, accompanied this time by Roberval, the 
 first Viceroy, but their efforts to found a French 
 colony failed. 
 
 7. Native Races- — The native races of Canada 
 are of Algonquin and Huron origin. The Algon- 
 quins lived in the region of country between Hudson 
 Bay and the Atlantic, while the Hurons inhabited 
 that portion of the country between Lake Huron and 
 the Ottawa River. The Iroquois, who settled in 
 New York State, were related to the Huron tribes. 
 
FEKIOD OP DISCOVEKV. 
 
 "t 
 
 After Repi,..Htiiig froin tlie Hurons, tlie Iroquois be- 
 came known as tho Five Nations, and .still later, 
 on being joined by the TuSCaroras, as the Six 
 
 Nations. 
 
FRENCH PERIOD, 
 
 15341763. 
 
 1. Samuel de Champlain.— For about fifty 
 
 years after Cartier^s last voyage, France did very 
 little towards exploring and colonizing the New 
 World. In 1603, however, Samuel de Champlain, a 
 French naval officer, was sent out by the French 
 King, Henry IV. He was accompanied by Pont- 
 grave, a merchant of St. Malo. Together they 
 sailed up the St. Lawrence as far as the rapids above 
 Montreal, to which Champlain gave the name La- 
 chine, thinking he had discovered a waterway to 
 China. In 1608, Champlain made another trip to 
 America, bringing with him a number of French 
 colonists, whom he established at Stadacona, the site 
 of the present city of Quebec. Leaving the little 
 colony here, he proceeded westward to explore the 
 country. He travelled over what is now known as 
 the provinces of Quebec and Ontario. In these 
 journeyings he was offered assistance by the Hurons 
 if he would aid them in their struggles against the 
 Iroquois. He unfortunately accepted the proffered 
 help and thus brought against himself and colonists 
 the enmity of the powerful and blood-thirsty Iroquois. 
 In 1627, Champlain was mn le Governor of the 
 colony. For eight years he labored hard to christiari- 
 
FRENCH PERIOD. 
 
 9 
 
 ize the Indians, and to develop the country. " He 
 died on Christmas Day, 1635. Champlain was 
 greatly hindered in his work by the rivalry of fur 
 companies and his alliance with the Hurons against 
 the Iroquois. 
 
 2. Company of One Hundred Associates — 
 
 Owing to the failure of the various fur coa.panies to 
 carry out their agreements in reference to colonizino- 
 
 the new country, Cardinal Richelieu, in 1627^ 
 granted a charter to the Company of One Hun- 
 dred Associates. The charters of all the other 
 trading companies were cancelled and the new Com- 
 pany was given the power to trade throughout New 
 France from Hudson Bay to Florida. It was given 
 the sole right to engage in tlie fur trade, with control 
 over the shore and inland fishing and all commerce 
 with the French settlements. In return this Com- 
 pany agreed to carry out mechanics and tradesmen, 
 and within a specified time, six thousand colonists! 
 The Company also agreed to support a Catholic 
 clergy for a certain number of years. It was at this 
 time that Champlain was made Governor. 
 
 3. First Capture of Quebec —With the bright 
 
 outlook before the colony it was unfortunate that war 
 should interfere. The trouble between England and 
 France at home spread to the New World. In 1629, 
 after a second attempt, Sir David Kirke took Que- 
 bec, and New France passed into the hands of the 
 English. It was restored to the French, however, 
 
10 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 after three years, by the Treaty of St. Germaine- 
 
 en-Laye. 
 
 4. Royal Government.— Owing to the Indian 
 wars and the failure of the Hundred Associates 
 
 to carry out their agreement, the colony made slow 
 progress. In 1663, the Company was deprived of its 
 charter and the colony placed under Royal Gov- 
 ernment- Under this rule the country was placed 
 
 under a Governor, an Intendant and a Bishop, 
 
 all appointed by the Crown These officers were as- 
 sisted by a Supreme Council of twelve, chosen by 
 the Governor and the Bishop. The Governor (M. de 
 Mesy) was given control of the militia ; the Intendant 
 (M. Talon) had charge of matters of finance, police and 
 justice ; while the Bishop looked after Church affairs 
 Justice was administered according to the Custom 
 of Paris, an unwritten code of laws in France. 
 
 5. Marquette and La Salle.— The Jesuit mis- 
 sionaries were the first to explore the far West. 
 Father Marquette, who had spent considerable time 
 laboring among the Indians on the shores of Lakes 
 Superior and Michigan, was sent by M, Talon, in 
 1673, to explore the Mississippi- Accompanied by 
 Joliet, a merchant of Quebec, he sailed down the 
 " Father of Waters " as far as the mouth of the Ar- 
 kansas River, where, fearing to fall into the hands of 
 the Indians, he turned about. He reported his dis- 
 coveries to the Intendant, and eight years later, 1681, 
 Robt. de La Salle, a daring young Frenchman, de- 
 
FRENCH PERIOD/ 
 
 11 
 
 scended the Mississippi to its mouth naming the 
 whole countiy Louisiania, in honor of Louis XTV. 
 Five years after this descent of the river, La Salle, 
 while striving to plant a colony at the mouth of the 
 Mississippi, was murdered by some of his fellow-ex- 
 plorers. 
 
 6. Frontenac and King William's War. -In 
 
 1672, Frontenac was sent out to Canada as Governor. 
 Frontenac was one of the ablest of French Governors. 
 He was a man of noble birth and iron will. He 
 would brook no interference with his plans, and was 
 therefore soon engaged in a quarrel with the Intend- 
 ant, the Bishop, the Jesuit missionaries and others 
 in positions of authority. He was recalled to France 
 but was not long absent from the Colony. The 
 English, having taken New York from the Dutch, 
 wished to extend their trade to the West. The 
 French were opposed to this and thus the two coun- 
 tries became involved in war. About this time, De- 
 nonville, one of Frontenac's successors, invited fifty 
 Iroquois chiefs to a friendly conference at Fort 
 Frontenac. These he seized, and placing them in 
 irons, sent them to France. He also led French 
 soldiers against one of the tribes of the Iroquois, 
 burned their villages and put many of them to death. 
 There was a quick revenge. At Lachine, over one 
 thousand French colonists were surprised and massa- 
 cred ; Fort Niagara was destroyed ; and the whole 
 colony was in danger of being wiped out of existence 
 
12 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 Frontenac was again despatched to Canada as Gov- 
 ernor, and his return revived the drooping spirits of 
 the colonists. Frontenac ira^nediately turned his at- 
 tention to the Eoglish, believing that they were at 
 tb.°i boUom of the Indian troubh s. For a few years 
 there was a hot border warfare between the French 
 and English colonists, with the Indians ranged on 
 either side. The most important e"gagenjentH of the 
 struggle were the attacks on Port Royal and Que- 
 bec by Sir William Phipps. The former place 
 was captured, but Phipps met with a repulse at Que- 
 bec, which was held by Frontenac. This conflict, 
 which is known in Canadian history as King Wil- 
 liam's War, was closed in 1097 by the TrCcty 
 of Ryswick, which restored to the contending par- 
 ties the territories they had lost during the struggle. 
 In the following year Frontenac died, in his 78 h year. 
 7. Queen Anne's War. — In 1703, the Marquis 
 de Vandreuil became Governor. The W^ar of the 
 Spanish Succession broke out in Europe between 
 France and England and, as usual, spread to Amer- 
 ica. In Canadian history this struggle between the 
 
 colonists is known as Queen Anne's War. It was 
 
 carried on for ten years the principal event of the 
 war bfc'ng the capture of Port Royal by the English 
 under General Nicholson, who changed the name 
 of the place to Annapolis ■ The war was closed in 
 1713 by the Treaty of Utrecht, by which Eng 
 land secured possession of Acadia, Newfoundland 
 
FRENCH PERIOD. 
 
 13 
 
 and Hudson Bay Territory. The French re- 
 tained Canada with Cape Breton and the islands 
 in the Gulf of St. Lawrence. 
 
 8. Boundary Line War.— Once again, France 
 and England were pitted against each other at 
 
 home in the War of the Austrian Succession. 
 
 Again the colonists became involved in the conflict. 
 The struggle between the colonists is known as the 
 Boundary Line War. It began in 1745 and last- 
 ed until 1759. It was caused by a dispute about the 
 ownership of the territory in the Ohio Valley and 
 the isthmus between Nova Scotia and New Bruns- 
 wick. In 1745, the English under Pepperell took 
 the French stronghold of Louisburg, but restored 
 it to France in 1748 by the Treaty of Aix-la- 
 Chapelle. Though the strife in Europe ceased for 
 a time, fighting continued in the colonies. Soon, 
 however, the Seven Years' War broke out between 
 the mother countries, and hostilities were vigorously 
 renewed in the colonies in both India and America. 
 .France despatched General Montcalm to lead her 
 forces in America, while General Braddock led 
 the British troops. Braddock was defeated and slain 
 at Fort Du Quesne and his army almost destroyed. 
 The French were masters of the Ohio Valley. In 
 1757, England sent out a number of able leaders, 
 
 among them bemg Generals Amherst and Wolfe, 
 
 and soon the 1 reneh were put on the defensive, 
 Louisburg surrendered to the English ; Fort Du 
 
14 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 Quesne was captured ; and though the British 
 suffered a reverse in the defeat of Abercrombie at 
 
 Ticonderoga, their victories at Crown Point, 
 
 Niagara and Quebec brought the war to a close. 
 Canada passed into the hands of the English. By 
 the Treaty of Paris in 1763, all the French posses- 
 sions in America, east of the Mississippi, excepting 
 New Orleans and the islands of St. Pierre and 
 Miquelon, were ceded to England. The French 
 colonists were permitted to retain their lands, goods 
 and religion, and all persons taking part in the war 
 were pardoned. 
 
BRITISH PERIOD. 
 
 1763 to present. 
 
 1. Military Rule.-From 1760 to 1774, Canada 
 was under military rule. Por the purposes of govern- 
 ment, the colony was divided into three districts, 
 
 Quebec, Montreal and Three Rivers, the 
 
 whole being under a Governor-General and a 
 Council of military officers, who administered Brit- 
 ish laws now introduced into Canada. The adminis- 
 tration of justice was thus taken out of the hands 
 of the Seigneurs, or French land-holders. 
 
 2. Objections to Military Rule.— Under Mili- 
 tary Rule, the French were at first content, but as 
 time passed they began to realize that they were a 
 conquered people. They saw their own laws re- 
 placed by English laws ; trial by jury was displeasing 
 to them; and though they far outnumbered the 
 English, they had no voice in the government of the 
 country. The English in Canada were also dis- 
 satisfied with the condition of things under Military 
 Rule. They did not like the French system of buy- 
 ing and holding land, nor did they approve of the 
 French civil law, which had been retained to please 
 the conquered people. About this time the English 
 colonists on the Atlantic bagan to quarrel with the 
 mother country, and as efforts were being made to 
 
16 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY N0TE8. 
 
 have the French colonists in Canada join them, the 
 British Government, to please tlieir French subjects, 
 
 passed tht; Quebec Act. 
 
 3. Provisions of the Quebec Act.— By this 
 
 Act, passed in 1771, the French Civil Code became 
 the law of Canada, the British criminal law being 
 retained ; the boundaries of the country were to be 
 extended to the Ohio Valley ; the Roman Catholic 
 religion was to be maintained ; and a Legislative 
 Council, composed of not less than seventeen nor 
 more than twenty- three members, of both nation- 
 alities, was to be established. 
 
 4. Invasion of Canada.— The English colonists 
 
 on the Atlantic rebelled in 1775. The Canadians 
 were invited to join them and a refusal brought 
 about an invasion of the country. Two expeditions 
 were fitted out and sent against Canada. One of 
 these afte/ taking the forts on Lake Champlain pro- 
 ceeded to Montreal, while the other made an attack 
 on Quebec The former place being poorly gar- 
 risoned surff.ndered, but the attack on Quebec failed, 
 Montg^Omery, the American General, being killed. 
 In the following year the invaders were driven from 
 the country. 
 
 5. United Empire Loyalists. -In the War of 
 
 American Indtjpendence a large number of colonists 
 leaned towards the mother country and even took up 
 arms in her boha.v. After the war these people 
 were the subjects of constant nersecution at the 
 
BIIITISII PERIOD, 
 
 17 
 
 hands of the victorious party. Numbers of them left 
 for England, while others found their way into 
 Canada and Acadia. To make good the losses of 
 these people the British Government provided them 
 liberally with lands and money. These were the 
 
 United Empire Loyalists. 
 
 6. Objections to the Quebec Act— Under the 
 
 Quebec Act the British colonists were discontented. 
 They objected to the irresponsible Legislative Coun- 
 cil, to the oppressive military law enforced, and to 
 the French system of holding land. They were 
 anxious for self-government as enjoyed by other 
 British subjects. As a large number of U. E. Loy- 
 alists had settled in the country, it became neces- 
 sary to make a change. The Constitutional Act 
 
 was therefore passed by the British Parliament. 
 
 7. Provisions of the Constitutional Act.— 
 
 This Act, passed in 1791, contained the following 
 provisions : — 
 
 1. It divided the country into Upper and Lower 
 Canada, giving each province a Lieutenant Governor, 
 an Executive and a Legislative Council appointed by 
 the Crown, and a Legislative Assembly elected by 
 the people. 
 
 2. Tt made provision for different laws, religion 
 and land-tenure in the two provinces. 
 
 3. Upper Canada was to receive one-eighth of the 
 customs duties collected at Lower Canadian ports. 
 
 4. One-seventh of the Crown lands of Upper Gaa= 
 
18 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTF.S. 
 
 I*!.; 
 I'' ' 
 
 u 
 
 ada were set apart for the support of a Protestant 
 clergy. 
 
 8. Objections to the Constitutional Act — 
 
 The following are some of the objections made to the 
 Constitutional Act : — 
 
 1. The division of the country placed commerce in 
 the hands of the French. 
 
 2. The Legislative Council was to be nominated 
 by the Crown. 
 
 3. The Crown retained the right to tax the colon- 
 ists and to dispose of Crown lands. 
 
 4. The French, though in the majority in the 
 Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada, had practi- 
 cally no voice in the government of the province, as 
 the Executive and Legislative Councils were filled 
 with Englishmen. 
 
 5. The Executive was responsible to the Colonial 
 Office in London and not to the representative As- 
 sembly. 
 
 9. Parliaments of Upper and Lower Can- 
 ada meet. — The first Parliament of Upper Canada 
 met at Newark in 1793, and proceeded at once to 
 pass useful legislation. It made the Civil Law of 
 England the law of the province ; divided the pro- 
 vince into counties ; abolished slavery ; made pro- 
 vision for the erection of court-houses and jails ; and 
 in many other ways sought to provide for the de- 
 velopment of the province. The representative of 
 the Crown in Upper Canada was Governor Sim- 
 
• « 
 
 HHITISn I'KIUOl). 
 
 19 
 
 . COe. He did much to carry into effect tlie legisla- 
 tion passed by the new Parliament. The nearneps 
 of Newark to the United States caused (iovernor 
 Simcoe to select York, now Toronto, as the seat of 
 government. 
 
 The Legislature of the Lower province met in 
 1792, hut legislation was impeded by race and religi- 
 ous jealousies. As the Executive was composed 
 chiefly of Englishmen, disagreement soon arose be- 
 tween it and the Assembly. 
 
 10. War of I8l2.- In her struggle with Napo- 
 leon, England was brought into a war with the 
 United States. The British Government passed an 
 Order in Council prohibiting all neutral nations 
 from trading with France or her allies. England 
 also claimed the right to search vessels of other na- 
 tions for deserters from her navy. The United 
 States objected to this and declared war against 
 England, Canada was at once invaded by the 
 Americans, the attack being made at three points- 
 Detroit, Niagara and Lake Champlain. Gen- 
 eral Hull was defeated at Detroit by General 
 Brock, who also captured Fort Mackinac. 
 
 Brock also defeated the Americans at Queenston 
 Heights, though the victory cost him his life. At 
 Rouse's Point in the east the enemy also met with 
 a repulse. The next year, 1313, a similar plan of 
 attack was made. In the west, Proctor defeated 
 -■..ft *..mericans at rTenclitOwn, out suiiereu a re- 
 
20 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTKH. 
 
 verse at Moraviantown, wliere hia noted Indian 
 ally. Tecninseli, was slain. The enemy captured 
 Forts York and George but met with defeat at 
 Stoney Creek and Beaver Dams. In the east, 
 the Caiijuliatis were victorious at Chrysler's Farm 
 
 and Chatea* guay. Tn 1814, the Americans made 
 another attack upon the country, and, though suc- 
 cessful at Chippewa, they were soon afterwards 
 defeated at Lundy's Lane, the hardest fought battle 
 of the war. Upon the lakes and sea, the honors were 
 about equal, the most important engagement being 
 that between the Chesapeake and the British ship, 
 The Shannon, in which the latter was victorious. 
 Late events of the war were the burning of the Capi- 
 tol at Washington and the defeat of the British at 
 
 New Orleans. The Treaty of Ghent, in 1814, 
 
 closed the struggle, restoring to each country its 
 losses but making no mention of the points in dis- 
 pute which led to the war. 
 
 11. The Family Compact— The Family Com- 
 pact was a body of men composed of members of the 
 Executive and Legislative Councils in both provinces. 
 They were of U. E. Loyalist descent and were band- 
 ed together for mutual advantage. They gave all 
 the good offices to their friends and re'.-iJ ^3 ..nd 
 supported the Church of England on the question of 
 
 the Clergy Reserves. 
 
 12. Tb.^ Clergy Reserves.— By the Constitu- 
 tional -\:\ ^x V jl, one-seventh of the Crown land in 
 
KHITIMM I'KIUnl). 
 
 21 
 
 Upper Canada was set apart for the support of tlie 
 Protestant clergy. In Upper Canada this grant 
 amounted to about 2,500,000 acres. The Executive 
 Council held that by " Protestant clergy " was meant 
 only the clergy of the Church of England. Other 
 religious bodies objected to this view and claimed 
 a share in the lands. Two other objections were 
 urged against the Reserves, viz., that the grant was 
 too large foi' a new country and that the lands were 
 not properly selected, every nerent/i lot being chosen 
 to make up the Reserves. After considerable agitation 
 the Church of England was deprived of its exclusive 
 interest in the Reserves, and other religious ))odies 
 received a share. There still being dissatisfaction 
 on the part of some of the religious bodies, a Secu- 
 larization Act was passed in 1854, by which the 
 Reserves were to be sold and the proceeds divided 
 among the municipalities of the province to be used 
 for educational purposes or local improvements. 
 
 13. Canada Trade Act. — By the Constitutional 
 Act, Upper Canada was to receive one-eighth of the 
 customs duties collected at Lower Canadian ports. 
 Making more rapid progress than her sister pro- 
 vince. Upper Canada became dissatisfied with her 
 share of the duties and agitated for an increase. The 
 Canada Trade Act was therefore passed by the 
 British Parliament in 1823, which increased Upper 
 Canada's portion of the duties to one-fifth. The 
 Act also provided for more prompt payment on tin* 
 part of the Lower province. 
 
99 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 lii" 
 
 If ' 
 
 I 
 
 14. Rebellion of 1837.— For some time previous 
 
 to 1837, an agitation for Responsible Govern- 
 ment had been in progress in both the provinces of 
 Canada. The leaders of this agitation were William 
 Lyon Mackenzie in the Upper province, and 
 Louis Papineau in the Lower province. They de- 
 manded that the Executive Council should be made 
 responsible to Parliament; that the Legislative Coun- 
 cil should be elective ; and that the Assembly should 
 control the revenue. Their demands not being 
 granted, rebellion broke out. In Lower Canada the 
 rebels, under Papineau, endeavored to cast off alle- 
 giance to Britain and to found a Republic. Troops 
 were sent from Upper Canada and the rising was 
 soon suppressed. The leaders were either outlawed 
 or banished. In the Upper province, Mackenzie, 
 with live hundred followers, marched on Toronto, but 
 was met and defeated by Colonel McNab with a 
 force from Hamilton. Mackenzie and a number of 
 American sympathizers established themselves on 
 Navy Island and proclaimed Upper Canada a 
 Republic. McNab kept close watch on the rebels 
 and sent one of their supply boats, " The Caroline," 
 over the Falls. Unsuccessful at this point, the rebels 
 made attacks at Windsor and Prescott, but met with 
 defeat in each case. Some of the leaders were put to 
 death and others banished or pardoned. 
 
 15. Lord Durham's Report— During the Re- 
 bellion of 1837, the British Government despatched 
 

 
 BRITISH PERIOD. 
 
 23 
 
 Lord Durham to Canada as Governor. He was 
 authorized to investigate the causes of the rebellion. 
 His Report was soon after published, in which ho 
 advised a legislative union of all the provincea of 
 British North America, or, if that could not be 
 brought about, then the union of the two Canadas. 
 He also advised that the Executive Council be made 
 responsible to the Assembly, and suggested the build- 
 ing of an intercolonial railway to connect the pro- 
 vinces. 
 
 16. Act of Union. — The Bill for bringing about 
 the Union was passed by the British Parliament in 
 
 * 1840, its provisions having been approved by the 
 Legislature of Upper Canada and the Special Coun- 
 cil of Lower Canada. The actual union did not take 
 place, however^ until the following year. The pro- 
 visions of the Act of Union were as Tollows : — 
 
 1. Upper and Lower Canada were to be united 
 and to have but one Parliament, consisting of a Leg- 
 islative Council and a Legislative Assembly. 
 
 2. The provinces were to have equal representation 
 in the Assembly. 
 
 3. Judges were to be appointed for life or during 
 good behaviour. 
 
 4. The Executive Council, or Cabinet, must com- 
 mand a majority of tile votes of the Assembly. 
 
 5. Both languages were allowed to be spoken in 
 the Assembly. 
 
 17. The Municioal Act. The Municipal Act, 
 
24 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 
 passed in 1841, by the united Parliament of Canp.da, 
 provided for local self-government for villages, towns, 
 cities, townships and counties. Matters of local 
 interest such as the building of roads, bridges, jails, 
 court-houses, etc , were placed under the control of 
 the various municipalities. The new Parliament also 
 made provision for the maintenance of a System of 
 
 Common School Education ; founded Upper 
 Canada College and King's College (Toronto 
 
 University) ; made grants towards the building of 
 
 Colonization Roads. Canals and other Public 
 Works. 
 
 18. The Ashburton Treaty. — This treaty, 
 
 signed in 1842, settled the dispute about the bound- 
 ary line between Maine and New Brunswick. Lord 
 
 Ashburton acted for Canada, and Daniel Web- 
 ster for the United States. By the terms of the 
 treaty, seven thousand of the twelve thousand miles 
 in dispute, went to the United States. The treaty 
 also fixed the forty-fifth parallel of latitude as the 
 boundary line as far west as the St. Lawrence, and 
 traced the line up that river and through the great 
 lakes to the western angle of the Lake of the Woods. 
 From this point the dividing line was to be the forty- 
 ninth parallel. Provision was also made in the treaty 
 for the extradition of criminals accused of certain 
 crimes, from one country to the other. 
 
 19. Sir Charles Metcalfe. In 1843, Sir Charles 
 Metcalfe became Governor-General of Canada. He 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
BKITISH PERIOD. 
 
 25 
 
 i 
 
 had held office in India, and his experience and train- 
 ing there unfitted him for rule in Canada. The 
 Crown, in his opinion, was everything, and there- 
 fore little progress was made in the development of 
 
 Responsible Government provided for in the Act 
 
 of Union. An important event of Metcalfe's rule 
 
 was the appointment of Rev. Egerton Ryerson 
 to the position of Chief Superintendent of Edu- 
 cation for Upper Canada, a position which he held 
 with honor for upwards of thirty years. 
 
 20. Lord Elgin.— In 1847, Metcalfe was succeed- 
 ed in the Governorship by Earl Cathcart, who soon 
 gave place to Lord Elgin, a son-in-law of Lord 
 Durham. Elgin was an able and broad-minded states- 
 man, and during his term of office, Responsible 
 Government was firmly established. The Seignor- 
 ial Tenure Act, the Reciprocity Treaty and the 
 Secularization of the Clergy Reserves were questions 
 settled in the last year of Elgin's rule. 
 
 21. Rebellion Losses Bill— In 1846, a Bill was 
 
 passed through Parliament compensating those in 
 Upper Canada who had suffered loss in the Rebellion 
 of '37. The Bill was supported by the French mem- 
 bers on the understanding that similar compensa- 
 tion would be granted to the Loyalists of Lower Can- 
 ada. When the Reform Government brought in 
 a Bill in behalf of the Lower Canadians, there was 
 strong opposition in the House. The Bill, however, 
 weeame law, and so enraged the opponents of the 
 
26 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 :'|.: 
 
 ,:!:i 
 
 i' 
 
 measure that an angry mob burst into Parliament, 
 drove out the members and set fire to the buildings. 
 Hencefoith, until 1858, Parliament met alternately 
 every four years, at Toronto and Quebec. . 
 
 22. Secularization of the Clergy Reserves. 
 
 — See note No. 1 2. 
 
 23. Seignorial Tenure Act— This Act, passed 
 
 in 1854, abolished the feudal system of holding land 
 in Lower Canada. The Seigneurs were compensat- 
 ed for the surrender of the rights and privileges 
 granted them under the old French rule. Freehold 
 tenure of land was now introduced into the Lower 
 province. 
 
 24. Reciprocity Treaty.— The Reciprocity Treaty 
 betwfen Canada and the United States was signed 
 in 1854. It made provisions for the exchange of 
 the products of the farm, forest, sea and mine, free 
 of duty. The treaty also gave the United States 
 the privilege of fishing in the coast- waters of the Gulf 
 of St Lawrence and the maritime provinces, and the 
 right of using the Canadian canals. Canada was 
 given access to Lake Michigan. The treaty was to 
 last ten years and to terminate by one year's notice 
 from either party. It was terminated by the United 
 States in 1866. 
 
 25. Steps Leading to Confederation.— Under 
 
 the Act of Union of 1841, Upper and Lower Canada 
 were to be equally represented in Parliament. The 
 population of Upper Canada increased more rapidly 
 
BRITISH PElilOD. 
 
 27 
 
 
 than that of the Lower province, and this led to an 
 
 agitation for " Representation by Population" 
 
 by the people of the Upper province. The French 
 members objected to such a measure and a political 
 deadlock followed. Legislation was blocked. A 
 number of leading statesmen on both sides of tlie 
 house, realizing the danger of such a condition of 
 
 things, united to form a Coalition Government. 
 
 As a way out of the difficulty it \vas proposed to bring 
 about a confederation of all the British American pro- 
 vinces. In 1860, a Convention of statesmen was held 
 at Charlottetown, and later at Quebec, to discuss the 
 matter of union. Terms were drawn up and agreed 
 to by Upper and Lower Canada, Nova Scotia and 
 New Brunswick. Delegates were sent to England 
 and the result was the passing of the British North 
 
 America Act by the Imperial Parliament. 
 26. British North America Act— This Act 
 
 was passed by the British Parliament in 1867, and 
 contained the following provisions: — 
 
 1. Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Upper Canada 
 and Lower Canada were to be united in a Federal 
 
 Union to be known as the Dominion of Canada. 
 
 2. Therp was to be a single Federal Parliament 
 
 to legislate on matters common to all the provinces, 
 while each province was given a Legiblature of its 
 own for local matters. 
 
 3. The names of Upper and Lower Canada were 
 
 ohanap.d f,r» Onfarin ti.n<^ r^iiAKA#« 
 
28 
 
 CA\ADIAx\ HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 
 m 
 
 4. An intercolonial railway was to be built, the 
 British Government granting £3,000,000 towards 
 the project. Provision was also made for the ad- 
 mission of other provinces. 
 
 27. Fenian Raid —To gratify Irish hatred of 
 England, General O'Neil led a Fenian force, made 
 up of American citizens, against Canada. He made 
 an attack on the Welland Canal but was met at 
 Ridgeway by a small body of Canadian militia, and, 
 though the latter were forced to retreat, O'Neil re- 
 ceived such a check that he retreated to Fort Erie, 
 from which place, after a slight skirmish with the 
 Canadians, he withdrew to American territory. 
 After attacks had been made at Prescott, St. Albans 
 and a few other points on the border, the Ameri- 
 can Government put a stop to these raids. 
 
 28. Treaty of Washington — By the Treaty of 
 
 Washington in 1871, Britain agreed to settle the 
 " Alabama Claims ; " the dispute about the owner- 
 ship of San Juan Island was referred for settle- 
 ment to the Emperor of Germany ; and the United 
 States was given the use of Canadian fisheries in 
 return for the use of its fisheries by the Canadians. 
 The latter also received the right to sell fish and fish- 
 oil in the United States. 
 
 29. Alabama Claims.— By these Claims is meant 
 the demands made by the United States upon Eng- 
 land for the damage done by the "Alabama" a 
 warship which England allowed to be fitted out in 
 
BRITISH PERIOD. 
 
 29 
 
 her ports to be used by the South against the North 
 in the war of secession. The Claims were submitted 
 to an Arbitration, which met at Geneva in 1872, and 
 which awarded the United States the sum of $15,- 
 500,000. 
 
 29. Red River Rebellion.— In 1869, Canada 
 obtained possession of Prince Rupert's Land at a 
 cost of $1,500,000. The Hudson Bay Company re- 
 served its trading-posts and one- twentieth of the 
 land. The French and Half-breed population in the 
 Red River Settlement objected to the transfer 
 without their consent, and without some assurance 
 being given them that their rights and privileges 
 would be respected. When the newly-appointed 
 Lieut'Onant-Governor went to the new province 
 whicl -r as being formed, he was resisted by the Half- 
 breeas under LouiS Riel, a French Canadian. Riel 
 proceeded to erect a government of his own at Fort 
 Garry, where, for a year, he set at defiance the 
 authorities, imprisoning many loyal subjects, one of 
 whom, Thomas Scott, a noted Orangeman, he put 
 to death. Sir Garnet Wolseley was despatched 
 to Fort Garry with a military force to restore order. 
 After a long and tedious march Wolseley reached 
 the scene of trouble only to find that Riel had fled 
 to the States. Riel was outlawed but the sentence 
 was afterwards changed to that of banishment for 
 five years. The province of Manitoba was then 
 
 
 d. 
 
30 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY^ NOTES. 
 
 m 
 
 |i <!: 
 
 30. North-West Territory.— The territory outl 
 
 side of Manitoba was at first placed under the jurisdic- 
 tion of that province, but later, under a Lieutenant 
 Governor and Council. Still later a portion of the 
 territory was divided into the districts of Assinh 
 
 boia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Athabasca, 
 
 and representative government established. 
 
 31. North- West Rebellion, 1885.— On the col- 
 onization of Manitoba, the Half-breed hunters and ' 
 trappers moved westward and took up land along 
 the Saskatchewan River. When the government sur- 
 veyors began surveying the lands, these settlers, fear- 
 ing that they would lose their farms, became alarmed. 
 They petitioned the government at Ottawa, but i-e- 
 ceiving no reply to their appeals they rose in revolt. 
 Louis Kiel was sent for and returned to lead the 
 rebels. A government was set up by Kiel, and war 
 declared against the Dominion. General Middle- 
 ton with a large force of soldiers hurried to the 
 West. The rebels were successful in a skirmish with 
 
 a small body of Mounted Police at Duck Lake, but 
 met with defeat in engagements at Cut Knife Hill 
 Fish Creek and Batoche. At the last-named 
 battle Kiel was taken prisoner, Riel and several 
 Indians were afterwards tried and executed, while a 
 number of others engaged in the rising were either 
 imprisoned or pardoned. 
 
 32. British Columbia. - In 1871, British Colum- 
 bia became a province of the Dominion, but stipulated 
 
HRITISH PERIOD. 
 
 31 
 
 tliat it should be connected with the East by railway. 
 Tij 1880, the Dominion Government contracted with 
 a syndicate of capitalists for the construction of the 
 
 Canadian Pacific Railway. To aid the enterprise 
 the Government voted the Company 125,000,000, and 
 25,000,000 acres of land. The road was completed 
 in 1886. 
 
 33. Prince Edward Island.— In 1873, Prince 
 
 Edward Island entered the Dominion. This province 
 with Newfoundland withdrew from the negotiations 
 for union in 1867. It is hoped that Newfoundland 
 will, in the near future, enter the Dominion and thus 
 " round off Confederation." 
 
 34. Later Events. — From Confederation up to 
 1873, Canada was under Conservative rule, with 
 Sir John Macdonald as Premier. In that year, 
 however, the Macdonald Government was defeated in 
 consequence of alleged corrupt relations with a com- 
 pany of contractors offering to build the Canadian 
 Pacific Railway. A Reform Administration came in- 
 to power under Hon. Alexander Mackenzie, but 
 
 after a rule of only five years, it was defeated in 1878 
 on the " tariff question," or, as it is sometimes called, 
 the "National Policy." A few years later Sir John 
 Macdonald died, and the Conservative Premiership 
 subsequently passed in succession to Sir John Abbott, 
 Sir John Thompson, Hon. Mackenzie Bowel! and Sir 
 Charles Tupper. At the general election on June 
 23rd, 1896, the Conservative party was defeated and 
 
32 
 
 II 'h 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 a Reform Government came into power with the 
 Hon. Wilfrid Laurier as Premier. 
 
 35. Governors-General. —The Governors be- 
 tween 1841 and 1867 : Lord Sydenham, Sir Charles 
 Bagot, Sir Charles Metcalfe, Earl Cathcart, Lord 
 Elgin, Sir Edmund Head, Lord Monck. From Con- 
 federation (1867) to the present (1896) : Lord Monck, 
 Lord Lisgar, Lord Dufferin, Marquis of Lome, Mar- 
 quis of Lans'lowne, Lord Stanley and Earl of Aber- 
 deen. 
 
OUR GOVERNMENT. 
 
 1. The Dominion Parliament— The Domin- 
 ion Parliament consists of a Governor-General, 
 
 representing the British Sovereign, the Senate, and 
 the House of Commons. The Governor General 
 is appointed by the British Government, and receives 
 a salary of $50,000, which is paid by the Dominion. 
 Senators are appointed for life by the Governor-Gen- 
 eral on the advice of his Ministry. Members of the 
 Commons are elected by the people for a term of five 
 years. The Ministry, or Cabinet, consists at present 
 (1896) of fifteen paid members and two without sal 
 ary. Each of them, except the two last mentioned, 
 presides over a Department in the Government. 
 
 2. Representation by Population. — In the 
 House of Commons there is representation according 
 to population. At Confederation, Quebec province 
 was given 65 representatives in the Commoos, and 
 each of the other provinces a representation bearing 
 the same proportion to its population as 65 bore to 
 the population of Quebec. The number of members 
 in the Commons at present (1896) is 213. Of these, 
 Quebec sends 65, and the other provinces in propor- 
 tion to their population. 
 
 3. Duties of the Governor-General.—In the 
 
34 
 
 CANADIAN niSTORY N0TR8. 
 
 1. To commute thn sentence of a court of justice 
 
 2. To summon, open, prorogue and dissolve Par- 
 liament. 
 
 3. To give or withhold assent to, or reserve for the 
 Royal C()nsid(.'ration, all Bills which have passed both 
 Houses. 
 
 4. To appoint, on the advice of his Ministers, the 
 Lieutetiant-Governors of the provinces, the Senators, 
 the Judges and other officers under Government ; 
 and, on the same advice, to disallow Acts of Pro- 
 vincial Legislature. 
 
 4. Dominion Legislation.— The Dominion Par- 
 liament has control of matters which are of common 
 benefit or interest to all the provinces. It legislates 
 on such matters as the public debt, trade and com- 
 merce, postal service, militia, fisheries, navigation, 
 banks, currency, coinage, bankruptcy, marriage and 
 divorce, criminal law, public works, agriculture and 
 immigration. The Dominion Government has also 
 the appointment of judges and the control of all 
 Crown land not belonging to any of the provinces. 
 
 5. Provincial Legislatures.— Each province has 
 
 a Legislature of its own, modelled after the central 
 government at Ottawa. There are the Lieutenant- 
 Governor, the Legislative Council and the Legisla- 
 tive Assembly, corresponding to the Governor-Gen- 
 eral the Senate and the Commons. The Lieutenant- 
 Governor is appointed for a term of five years by the 
 Governor-General in Council. Members of the Le^- 
 
OUK OOVEUNMENT. 
 
 35 
 
 islative Council are appointed for life by the Lieu- 
 tenant-Governor on the advice of his Ministers. 
 Members of the Legislative Assembly are elected for 
 a term of four years by the votes of the? people. 
 
 6. Provincial Legislation. — The Provincial 
 
 Legislatures deal with matters of local interest such 
 as Education ; management of Crown lands ; asy- 
 lums, jails and reformatories ; regulation of the 
 liquor traflic ; immigration and agiiculture ; appoint- 
 ment of courts of justice (not judges) ; the enforce- 
 ment of laws ; local public works ; and the regula- 
 tion of municipal institutions. The Provinces have 
 also the power to borrow money on their own credit, 
 and to levy direct taxes for the put poses of govern- 
 ment. 
 
 7. Municipal Government.— By the Municipal 
 
 System established in 1841, municipalities had con- 
 ferred on them the power of self-government. The 
 people are thus privileged to elect councils to look 
 after the building of roads, bridges, jails, court- 
 houses, and other matters of a local interest. The 
 enactments of these councils are called By-laivs. The 
 members of the governing body in a village, tov/n or 
 township are called councillors ; those of a city, alder- 
 men. The presiding officer in the former body is 
 given the title of Reeve ; that of a city or town. Mayor. 
 A Warden is the presiding officer of a county council. 
 
 8. Education. — By the Confederation Act of 
 1867 each province was given control of its own 
 
• J 
 
 36 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 m 
 
 educational matters. Ontario is divided into School 
 Sections, managed by Boards elected by the peo- 
 ple. These boards are composed of three members 
 called Trustees, who have the power to levy and col- 
 lect taxes to meet school expenditures. The enact- 
 ments of these school-boards are called Resolutions. 
 Up to the year 1876, these Boards were under 
 
 a Superintendent and Council of Public In- 
 struction, but in that year our educational in- 
 terests were placed under the control of a Minis- 
 ter of Education, who has a seat in the provincial 
 Cabinet. 
 
 9. The Judiciary.— By the Judiciary of the 
 Dominion is meant the courts of law presided over 
 •^y jutlges and magistrates, the whole being under the 
 control of a Minister of Justice, -ho is a member 
 of the Dominion Executive, or Ministry. The high- 
 est court in Canada is the Supreme Court, though 
 the final court of appeal is the British Privy 
 Council. Judges are appointed for life or during 
 good behaviour, by the Governor-General in Council, 
 and their salaries are paid by the Dominion Govern- 
 ment. Sheriffs, Magistrates, Justices of the 
 Peace and all other officers required to carry out 
 the will of the various courts are appointed and paid 
 by the Provincial Legislatures. 
 
MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 1. A Federal Union is a union of states or pro- 
 vinces under one central go^^ernment, each state, 
 however, having a Legislature of its own for local 
 matters. (Canada and the United States are ex- 
 amples of a Federal Union.) 
 
 2. A Legislative Union is a union of states or 
 provinces under one central government. (Great 
 Britain and Ireland form a Legislative Union.) 
 
 3. The Ministry is the body of men who advise 
 the Crown and oi herwise carry on the government. It 
 
 is also known by such names as Cabinet, Adminis- 
 tration, Privy Council, Ministers of the Crown 
 and Executive Council. 
 
 4. To adjourn parliament is to dismiss the mem- 
 bers to meet again at a certain time, when they may 
 resume any unfinished business. 
 
 6. To prorogue parliament is to close it and the 
 end of a Session. Any unfinished business held over 
 for another Session must be taken up as if noth- 
 ing had been done about it. 
 
 6. To dissolve parliament is to dismiss the mem- 
 bers and call a new election. 
 
 7. The Journals of the House (Hansard) are 
 
 of the work done each day by the House. 
 
38 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 I, 
 
 8. An Order in Council is a regulation made by 
 the Ministry. It has the effect of law, but must be 
 ratified by Parliament whenever the latter shall 
 meet. 
 
 9. Free Trade is the free interchange of com- 
 modities between countries. 
 
 10. Trial by Jury is the trial of offenders by a 
 number of individuals impartially chosen from the 
 community. 
 
 11. The Budget is the financial statement made 
 at each Session of the House by the Finance Minister. 
 
 12. The Fiscal Policy of a nation is the plan 
 adopted by the Government for the purpose of raising 
 
 a revenue. 
 
 13. By Responsible Government, we mean 
 
 that tho Ministry must command a majority of the 
 votes of the House, thus making it responsible to the 
 people through the members they elect to carry out 
 their wishes. 
 
 14. A Coalition Ministry is one whose members 
 are drawn from more than one of the parties in Par- 
 liament. 
 
 15. A Session is that part of the year during 
 which Parliament deliberates over the affairs of the 
 nation and frames its laws. 
 
 16. A Bill is a statement of a proposed law. 
 
 17. An Act Of Parliament is a Bill that has 
 passed both Houses and to which the signature of the 
 Sovereign (or Representative) has been attached. 
 
V*, 
 
 MISCELLANEOUS. 
 
 39 
 
 18. The Speaker is the person chosen by Parlia- 
 ment to preside at its Sessions. 
 
 19. The Civil List is the money required to meet 
 the expenses of Civil Government, in other words, 
 to pay the salaries of Cabinet Ministers and other 
 officials engaged in -the various departments of the 
 Government. 
 
 20.— By Prime Minister is meant the First 
 Minister, or L' ader, of the Government. 
 
 21. — The Privy Louncil of Canada includes all 
 those who are now, or have been advisers of the 
 Crown. The terms Cabinet, Ministry, Administra- 
 tion and Executive apply to the Privy Councillors 
 who at any time actually fill the Departments of 
 State. 
 
 22 — Excise is a tax levied on certain articles of 
 domestic or home manufacture. 
 
 23.— Customs is a tariff or duty levied on goods 
 coming into or g^ing out of a country. 
 
 24.— A Revenue Tariff is a charge or tax on 
 imported goods for the purposes of revenue. 
 
 25.— A Protective Tariff is a charge on import- 
 ed goods, made not so much with the object of obtain- 
 ing revenue as for the protection of home manufac 
 turers. Such a ta iff is, of course, higher than a 
 revenue tariff". 
 
 26. — Disallowance is a term used to denote the 
 power vested in the Governor-General in Council to 
 disallow, or annul, any acts of the provincial legisla- 
 
40 
 
 ANADIA^ HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 tures, whioh may be thought to be beyond the limit 
 of subjects specified for provincial legislation. 
 
 27.— A Quorum as applied to Parliament means 
 the number of members required to be present be- 
 fore any business can be transacted. In the Senate 
 15 members, including the Speaker, constitute a 
 quorum ; in the Commons the number is 20. 
 
 28, —Aldermen is the name given to members of 
 a city council. 
 
 29.— Mayor is the title of the presiding officer of 
 a town or city council. 
 
 30. -Reeve is the title of the presiding officer of 
 a village or township council. 
 
 31. -Warden is the title of the presiding officer 
 of a county council. 
 
 32.— By the Constitution of Canada is meant 
 Its powers of government as embodied in the British 
 North America Act, which was passed in 1867 by 
 the Imperial Parliament. 
 
 33. The Governor-General of Canada is . 
 
 The Premier of Canada is^ . 
 
 The Lieutenant-Governor of Ontario is . 
 
 The Premier of Ontario is- 
 
FOR ADDITIONAL NOTES. 
 
ENTRANCE HISTORY PAPERS. 
 
 British History portion of papers omitted. 
 
 1892. 
 
 Examiners : H" ^- Hodgson, M.A. 
 (Isaac Day, Ph. B. 
 
 1. Give an account of the Capture of Quebec. 
 By what treaty and at what time was Britain's 
 authority over Canada confirmed ? What portions 
 of North America are under the control of Britain 
 as a result of this treaty ? 
 
 2. Give an account of the dispute which led to the 
 Ashburton Treaty. State the terms of the Treaty. 
 
 3. What are the chief provisions of the North 
 America Act ? Why is so much importance attached 
 to this Act by the people of Canada ? 
 
 4. By whom is each of the following appointed: 
 
 Governf»r-General, Lieutenant-Governor, Premier of 
 the Dominion, Premiers of the Provinces, Senators, 
 Judges, Mayors of Cities, Wardens of Counties, 
 Reeves of Townships, Trustees of Public Schools, 
 Police Magistrates, Registrars, County Inspectors of 
 Public Schools, Sheriffs ? 
 
 Fa^?m\—1.* 6 + 4 + 4 = 14; 2. 14; 3. 10 + 4 = 14- 
 4. 14. 
 
 (44) 
 
ENTRANCE HISTORY PAPERS. 
 
 45 
 
 1893. • 
 
 J, . rJoHN Seath, B.A. 
 
 (Isaac Day, Ph. B. 
 
 1. Sketch the early settlement of Canada under 
 the following heads : 
 
 Jacques Cartier. 
 
 Chaniplain. 
 
 The Company of One Hundred Associates. 
 
 2. State the causes and the results of the Can- 
 adian rebellions. 
 
 3. Write full notes on any four of the most im- 
 portant events in Canadian History since Confedera- 
 tion, explaining why each is important. 
 
 Values.— \. 4 + 64-4; 2. 6 + 8; 3. 14. 
 
 1894. 
 
 jTT • TA. B. Davidson, B.A. 
 
 Examiners : { -r tx 
 
 (John Dearness. 
 
 1. Vv^'here were the Iroquois, Algonquin and Hu- 
 ron Indians located when the French and Endish 
 settled in America, and to which of the white races 
 did they join themselves respectively, and why ? 
 
46 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 2. What was the condition of things which led to 
 the passing of the Quebec Act, and what were its 
 most important pr- s^isions 1 
 
 3. How are tlie legislative bodies of the Dominion 
 and of Ontario respectively constituted, and what 
 are the duties of each 1 
 
 4. State clearly the circumstances which led to the 
 North- West Expeditions under Wolesley and Mid- 
 dleton. 
 
 5. What are the nature and purpose of (a) The 
 National Policy, (b) The Ballot, (c) Prohibition Ple- 
 biscite ? 
 
 Value of each question, 13. 
 
 1895. 
 
 Examiners • l'^' ^- ^^^^^' ^•^• 
 Ji.xaniine7S . |j ^ j^^^^^^^^ ^^ j^ 
 
 
 1. Name the principal grounds of dispute between 
 the French and English Colonists in North America. 
 
 2. What caused the war with the United States 
 in 1812? Sketch its progress. 
 
 3. Outline Lord Elgin's administration in Canada. 
 
ENTRANCE HISTORY PAPERS. 
 
 47 
 
 4. What is a Treaty ? Explain fully, " The Ash- 
 burton Treaty," " The Reciprocity Treaty " between 
 Canada and the United States." 
 
 5. Sketch the British North America Act. 
 What brought it about ? 
 
 6. Write notes on the following : — 
 Federal Union. 
 
 Legislative Union. 
 The Seigneurs. 
 Responsible Government. 
 
 Value of each question, 13. 
 
 1896. 
 
 jrr . rW. Alexander. 
 
 yo. J. Craig, B.A. 
 
 
 1. {a) Give an account of The Discovery of Ca 
 nada. 
 
 {h) Who was the real Founder of the Colony of 
 New France, o. Canada ? 
 
 (c) Give an account of his services in exploring 
 and colonizing the country. 
 
 2. (a) What were the chief provisions of The Act 
 of Union between Upper and Lower Canada ? 
 
48 
 
 CANADIAN HISTORY NOTES. 
 
 {/)) Where did the First Pailiarneiit meet after 
 the Union. 
 
 3. (a) When was The Municipal Act for Upper 
 Canada passed ? 
 
 (b) What powers and privileges were conferred 
 by it 1 
 
 4. Write notes on Ashburton Treaty, Clergy Re- 
 serves, Washington Treaty. 
 
 5. Explain the causes of the War of 1812, and 
 give an account of the principal events. 
 
 Values.— \. 5 + 2 + 5-12; 2. 9 + 3 = 12; 3. 3 + 
 9 = 12; 4. 4x3 -=12; 5. 5 + 7 = 12. 
 
 THE ENTRANCE 
 
 BRITISH HISTORY NOTES 
 
 By G, E. HENDERSON, 
 
 Editor of The Canaiman Teacheh, 
 - and - 
 
 CHAS. G. FRASER, 
 
 ' Assistant Master in Gladstone Ave, School, Toronto. 
 
 PRICE, POSTPAID, 15 CENTS. 
 
 ADDRESS-*!*—* 
 
 The Educational Publishing Co., Toronto,