IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT.3) / £// W/ % o '4 *^^. "<<' '<..^ «?; ^^ i.O I.I 1.25 >f-' pa 1125 !■• i «:£ 12.0 ■m 12.2 1.4 III 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14S80 (716) 872-4503 •s? !> .•\ iV ^paratlun of palatable nour- ishing food of many varletlcH. Two to five fumllics, according to a;,c and nunilxr, can readily unite In having one cow kept, divid- ing tlu! ndlk nnd cxpenscn, and thus always have good, pure, rich milk nt very moderate co8t The suitable rcfum; from the kitchens of three or four families woiiM very mi»ch rec obtained at u trilling rent, and bo kept clean. There arc plenty of gardeners or farmers who will gladly take tho manure away so frequently as tu prevent it being a nuisance, ur disiigreeable. Wc bavo no doubt that all residents of Tillages, manufacturing towns, etc., can, by ormngemcnts like the above, secure an abund- ant supply of pure, rich, fn'sii, healthful milk ot less than three cents per quart, and at tho same tmie add greatly to their homo comforts, and preserve the health if not the lives of their little ones. In February, 1880, tho publishers of this volumo offered prizes for threo essays on keeping one cow, indicating at tho same time their scope. Some extracts from tho explanatory i-cmarks accom- panying this offer may fitly outline an intnKluction to the work. The number of persons who possen but one cow is far larger than those who have ton or more. No doubt many others, living outside of closely built cities, would gladly lessen the cost of supporting their families, and at the same time add to their comforts, and even luxuries, by keeping a cow, did they know how to keep one. There is a general notion that keeping a cow requires a pasture. If a pasture is not necessary, they do not know how to get olong without one. Dairymen and fanners learn how to treat herds as a part of general farm management, or in books on tho subject There aro books on cows, but none on (V) / / Yl INTIlODflTION. one cow. It It not a question ..( clnlry fanning, but of .lu 17 gnr denlDK T)^^ off«r wa. nmdc tu dUll luformallon to rM ono ^inu'to be ronM.U.rc.l arc : .ho Mublln« or Uou.lnR uf Uu. .^S Iho yanl room .hr nquir.«. unU .!..• Morago or dUp<«»l -f I «r ma- nuroi lhoU.a.tar.a.,( Imul Ih-U can .... .afc-.yMt apart for ,be •upp^rt of tho row, a.ul i,..w , an tl.nt lun.l bu ..o.i "'•''"'''.-J- b, .I7h5 «wu.«r.l that tl... lan.l will I-. nu.U.. t.. protUu-.- all Im will prottUibly yUia, w»«l'-b ^vlll brln;! «.p ti.e qu«.ll.m «f nmnuro Tn" fertnir.e«. of courn.. c..,n.ia.nn« that prw trtalcil •<) M ouUl be done at »hort, Uio prob- posolblo returaa lb tbe agency of not by any one lost famous and n account of ber lilch may be car- PUDLISIIERS* ANNOUNCEMENT. Wo bavc now, ucrordlnK to Ibo lur. cinsui, n iiopuliUlon prrPB* ln« clow) iijxm ilfty Mllllona. Enry onu of thU vunt miinlMr U Indlvlduully interested In tho mtik <|uiMtion. Wbal U tnu) of |H'rliii|)a no otber elumeut of fmul and noiirlftliniint, ndlk In consumed bi Miino form by nli, old und youiiir. It l« Iwcaust) of tIdH nLt.'CMMurily univcrsiU pcrMonul Interest in milk tlial Ibo publith> crs offer tbU roUime widcli almr* to sbow all bow to obtain llio bcHt n> Ilk, plenty of il, and at tbe clicniK'st roten. Tbe bcwk em- broceH tin- ex|H'riunce und ailvico of able, well known writers— lucb, for example, as Pn.fcsnor Blade, of Harvard College, und Henry E. Alvord— eliciled In reHponso to propo«illon<< presented by tbe I»ubllMliers for articles u|K)n tbe subject. Tbe editorial supervision of tbe work ban Iwen In the bands of Col, Mason C. Weld and Profcftsor Munly Mile»— rccognl/.ed authorilleH on Dairy Matters— who would have included many other valuable and in- teresting papcm submitted, went It not tbut they would have made tbe Tolumo too bulky. Mr. Orange Judd bus udded a leaf from his pcrsonol oxiM-rienco. The topics treated are only thows legitimately connected with tJio subject, yet they cover a wide field, und will prove of great interest to all occupied in the culture of the soil, while as a handbook and gtddo to those who keep one or more family cows It must bo of almost dally practical use. Tho prominent subjects, ■neb as soiling, stabling, care of manure, the tillage of tbe soil, the cultivation of various crops, care of tho cow and of the calf, arc each lreate«», Hi». '1' AiMWU, Dr. »uJCr >'j-,f'j* ,*Jj AuiM«i. *.•»;>'? •• fill »i« MwM i»; Artl'Uoll". .lur.i.«kiii .«l " •• Kii'iiiiiix. ,. .> 'i". '•> » Niiirlil«>> V«lu«ur...T3. 7i| UnrlKT M »n Aiiluiiiu Crop Hit liirii-ll.'oHI«H'-. Ilirr* l»x»l«m «'» ITMtllug ''» ilmmr • 11 'I " Ilntlonafor "l.Jj '• Hnnir« In ...,,...,.... . . . — 2 " Yi K-lilna liil>rliill.. ....II, W. M ClHVcr Willi"" nnil Ui-il, cniiiwiriil., HH C".ri. ilnUlaii) fur iruUa4pr.JI|<. U. »•, «»j t',impo.t IIo»p ...... .... . . .'••;'• Jl'. "' C.,w.Caro.lC..vl..ali,,.^«.in.4lj •• Canllntc »'•'*•*'• " l)ryli.;( Off. 'Vi 'iM " Ouucrul Trcolimint. ^», -T. aii, n. gOi W, W. I'w " flow to *«Wl •■ • f. •• Kept III lli-i N"rlh ... • • vj ■ » " K.pt In N..W York ^^ W, !« " Koptin tli"H"inl>.... ,*• " Kvpt In tUo KMUim "'"J"* ^- •j'j*^ •' Kepi In Ihn Town ***< ' * •• KcptlnOlil ,•• »» " Kept In I', iiii.ylvwil* 14, M " KiTptl»In»l'«i"»-v M •' K«pt"ii t'«<»<' C'«l "J " Krirt In C»llflli.rii"H<'i' AlluionU UrnliilnirlJinil.... •••■•■ 'g Dronlh. Ktrict» of. on Milk ^. » 1)17 Fo jOJ Dnnu Henii. Ihe }» KlUworlli'*, ».v«lom of Foc«lln8....inB Kierflu*, Neml of. ol,vn KuKionlnir for tlio Btiibl"' ••.••••■ " FvifdlnK, 8y»t "'■ ■>».•'. *>'^' *^^ Kcrtlllfcm. rommi'n-lnl 47, BO. "i I'l} FooU, Ani't lU-qulrcd for » Year. 10, M » " '• Dally i'" (Imanil Fm)), (tat* tnil IVm 10 llMy mi,N.IOI» lUy'lv* W lliiiigitrliii (Irnaa ION UtiKi, Ari'H M«'. in II''. I4S |.niiil, N'liiii Alii"".iiti«-i;' IC "iiiin il llO ■' HIiiplnitliitiiuHuutlliiudlCiiii ins I,. ori'ii •• Heilillnit , . la l>4 l.llirr f<«. I«5 •• Curt) <>l ...1», »i,M. 74,W. I.i» " llqnlil I'.H " Hii|i|ily liirrr««'il liy Hoil'ii ■ in Milk Flniforvd ly Tnriilp* 11 W» ron-VInn lUy • •, ■» I'lLH to Work 0»«r M«Hiirc, . . .»t, l'{T •' III Coinnm"' Hnnr Milk.. M, TH, 110 iToflii of KwpiiiB Omu 0"w_ji. aa. -P. Mt. INI. 1 In. I'll lloot., t!ultur« of. l«,4l.im,102 •• t'lilllnff Up :„_vjJ5 •• HlorlnS In P't».U. «, «. «8, ll8 " Blorl»Kl" W'"''^^'"- ./ ,u S2 n«ot Crop*. Arllclioko» •*. 70. TO Carrol •*''H " " MnnKvl Ij " " Ihtranlria »• '• •' HnstrDcsla 10, 1». iW " Turnip* 40, «« Hoot C«ll«r jj" ^m^iff ,,.,,,... .••*«is »<•« Wi'«il'«ii nn Abeorbont 04 HIiiKlo Inllin Yard .■■ W Boiling tropa •'• "• S •« " Alfalfa »T " " Artichoke! •■. •« " " Cabbauea ■, M " " Cnnaila Pi'aa g " •• Cow Piap" 5? •• •• (loldun Mllirt », HI » " llniiKarlan QrnM. .01, im " " M|iiii"'»ol«Coni w " " Mlif'l (lmK»o».. 11)0 " " OnlaandlVaa H ■• " Pi«« u .. •< Hyi' *'• l* Slabloa. rimi». cic .... 10, 17, M. «. 4», Dally Gurcf t (Tnflaniod Ud» U-Pd Mlxlnrca • ••l'« Oronnd Feed, Bmn •.■A.r,v2'' " " UoUon-«e«d Oil Onko Menl S«,4-I,B7 M " CornMunl.....87, 07, 60 (VIII) Hi«l>1T,4l, IIA (uriHiiit.. . M iyo.ri,inf *. It ■•• •••• *•!• » •#••••*•■•*'• '..■■■■.■|i",iii.iw miiiri'. ...Oiil?! rMllk..lW, TV, W oOiw .11, », «, M(.* Aad Iook In hrr rump, A •tmlijht •nJ lUt iwMk wllhoul «v r n hump, Hhx'ii wlil'i In hrr llp« «nr oMk anil imAll In her tall, llh«'« wUlu In hi-r brnaat and u<>i>i| at thu pall | Rhtt'a flnu In hnr lxm« and allky uf akin, Sha'a • grasler without and • bDtelKir wUhla. There arc MTerol wayi of provldliiK for the wants of a cow, but In all cases It Is absoluuiy ncccsHary, In order to obtnin tho bout rrsultrt, that certain rulen bo followed with regard to the treatment tho cow receives. She must l>c fed ami milked at regular times, Ikj kept thoroughly clean, have plenty of frecli air and water, and her food composed of those substances that will keep her always In good condition, do away with the milk bill, reduce the grocer's account, and contribute greatly to the health and comfort of the family. I have tried various things, and have found fn-sh grass or fodder, proventler, bran, oil-cake, niungels, and hay, tho best bill of fare for "Daisy" or "Buttercup." Avoid brewer's slops or grains ao you would poison, for although they Increase tho flow of milk, It Is thin and blue, the butter white and tasteless, and after a time the cow's teeth will blacken and decay. I was told the other day by a very lnt< lll){ent dairyman that after feed- ing his cows one season on brewer's grains he was obliged to sell hhi whole herd. YARD, STABLE, AND RATIONS. Mr. Geo E. Waring, Jr., In his " Ogdon Farm Papers," says he expects to bo able to feed a cow from May fifteenth to November fifteenth from half an acre of ground, but the average citizen had (») ii 10 KEEPINO ONE COW. better not attempt It. but keep bis half acre to raise vegetables and fruit bnylnir the food required to keep bis cow. A cow can bo made very profitable if kept in the followlas way. First, as to t»»c aceonmiodation required, a yard flf te-n feet by tlf teen, and a s ab c or cow-shed arranged as in the following plan. •», n.anure sbed; Jt, bin fordrie, store-room ; E, wmdow for put- tl^gin hay ; i^, door, 0, trap to loft; //, feeding trough Have her food p-ovlded as follows: into a common pail put one quart L.— C H- B 2. Fig. 1.— STABLE AND TABO. Of provender ("provender" is oats and peas ground together, andean be puichtsed at any feed etore), one-quarter pouml of oil- cake, then fill the pail nearly full ..f bran and pour bollmg water over the whole ; stir well with a stick, and put it away covered with an old bit of cari«t until feeding time ; give her that mess twice a day. Have htr dinner from June to November consist of grass cr fodder cut and b.ought In twice a week by some farmer or market jrardcner in exchange lor her manure and sour milk. In Montreal, f^ss^ndfodder ar'e brought to market l>y the "Habatants/ and sold in bundles. As to quantity, n good big armfu will be sufficient, and it is more healthful for the ^o^ )' i\ '« ^ ""i° wilted. In the winter hay and mangels are to be fed in place of the grass and fodder. Fhe should also have salt where she can take a lick when so minded, and fres.h water three times a day^ The yard should be kept clean by scraping up the manure every morning into the little shed at the end of the stable. The following table shows the food required to keep one cow through the entire year : Huy, the best, two tons, at $10 per ton. *!»-g" Sm'UindB oi Oilcake, at U per 100 pounds »•"" Hiiv. tne Deal, iwn i«u», »>• »i" k"- 300 pounds of Oilcake, at W per ] 800 pounds of Proveuder, at »1 pe O {ionnds of Prove..d'er, at ifpe^ioo pVunds B-W Half Eton of_ Bran, at f 12 per ton ■:;;;:■.;;; 1.00 "147,00 One ton of Mangels. KEEPIN'Q ONE COW, n isc vegetables A cow cun bo i"ir8t, 08 to the a, and a stable manure Bbed ; indow for put- igh. Have her DUt one quart ound to!?ether, )T pound of oil- ir boiling water jy covered with lat mess twice a nslst of grass cr irmer or market :. In Montreal, labatants," and armful will be if it is a littlo fed in place of where she can EC times a day. 3 manure every le. to keep one cow $20.00 8.00 8.00 . e.oo , 5.00 •47.00 Your cow will re(iuire the following " trcuasoau " : OjiO flvo-Kiillon stono chum f 1 .36 Uiiu unit u half ilozi'ii iiillk puns, at I'J U.OO Uue milk pull and Htralncr 00 One buttiT bowl (wooduu) GO One padilli' und print 9" Two woodfii pulU for feed 40 One card ■_ •'•i'' f.i.ao Cost of a good cow — -lO-OO IniereBt at 6 per cent ♦ !J.OU Any ordinary family will take from a milkman at lca.«t one quart a day. We in OtUwa pay eight cents periiuurt, making per year (36« x 8.) |29.20. It is a very poor cow that will not average Ave iMJunda of butter a week for forty weeks, and that at twenty-five cents per pound, that U 40 (weeks) x 5 (pounds), x 25 (cents), equals 50 (dollars). So the account stands thus : Butter 9^.00 MUk -"ii«> Cost of food for one year $47.00 ) 50.00 Interest on cow and trouflscuu a.O'J ) ' ProUt .138.61 LAND AND CROPS. I have found that two acres of land is the least possible area that will provide cow-food for the entire year, and that should bo divided tlius : One acre for hay, the other for fodder and mangels. If you have no land already seeded down, plow up your cere, sow clover and timothy, aix pounds, of each. In May, when the grass has fairly started, top-dress it with two bushels of land plaster; if you can apply it just before a rain it is the best time. The first year you will have all clover hay, and it must be cut before the second blossom comes ; if not cut early enough, the stalks become tough and woody, and are wasted by the cow. The second year, if top-dressed in the fall with the manure collected during the Bommer. you will have a fine crop of timothy, and if the land was good for anything you can cut hay from it for tlirec years by giving it u little Kuiiiure every fall. As early as tl'.e ground will admit, sow some pea.s and oats ; one bushel of each will plant one-third of an acre. Peas do well on old sod, and are the best crop to plant on new ground. In about six weeks you can com- meace cutting it for fodder, and it should give the cow two good 12 KEEPIKQ ONE COW. meals a day until corn comcH In. L. B. Amokl, l.-i " American dTmus," flays of corn : " When too thickly planted it, Bloms «n.l LvZ ar^ 80ft and pale, its juices tl.ln and poor. If sown thin or m drillB, 90 that the air aod lii?htand heat of the aun can reach 1 ami not fed until nearly its full size, .t is a valuab c Bo.l.ng plant. Sow Mr. Warinff, in " Farming for Profit," says : • It is a com-ion misTake when the cor. is planted in drills to put In so 11 t e s.ed that the stalks grow large and strong, when they "" "^"f'^.^t'^^by ' the cattle, the leaves only being consumed. There shoud be for y grains at least to the foot of row, which will take from fou to six bushels to the acre, but the result will '""^ ^^^^'f^ ^'^^ j£k ,' the corn Btan.ling so close in the row wdl grow fine and thick. My e^rience tdls mo that Mr. Waring is right ; any v;ay. my cow win not eat the coarse stalks which will grow when the corn '" ^tlnlSiitro reserved for mangels. m«« be the perfection of richness, well drained, and manured. If the sod s deep, you 1 plant them on the flat, but if the soil lsshallo^v. Pl-t them «n ridges, the ridges thirty -ncheD apart (I always plant them in hat way^- then thin out the plants to fifteen inches apart Ten to rwelve hundred bushels may be grown on an acre, but the ground nTi'stbo properly prepared. In storing taem. they require to bo vercarcfully handled, as the least bruise hastens decay, and we waT" keej them f^esh and good until April, when our cow ought to give us u calf. WEAXINQ THE CALF. I thought I had tried almost everything ^''f ,'"S;°JJ;° ^^^^^^^J cows, but when I undertook to wean afive-weeks'-o d calf, I found my education In that respect sadly neglected. I f.sked a (arme^s wffe how I was to manage. "Oh," she said "just d.p your finger^ in the milk, and let the calf suck them a few times, and it will soon Cn to put Its nose m the pail and drink;' It sounded Lple enough so I took my pail and started for the barn, where L7wretched 'animal Blopi^d me all over with "lilU. bunted mo round aud round the pen, until I was black and ^ue, suek«l the skin off my finger, and wouldn't drink. After trying «» '^•^>^«'« for two days, the calf was getting thm, and so was I. !"«•-«?"*•; He t the pai^ of milk, giving that calf a fev- words of wholesome advice. When I went back two h-^urs afie.-. the calf was standing over the cmptv pall, with an expression on its face, that I trans- . lated into an inquiry, as to why I hadn't left that pail there before. KKEPIXli ONE CO\V. 19 •• American t'? Bicms nnil nvia thin or L>an rcacli it, iling plant." 19 a coin "ion ;o Utile sscd neglected by . Buld be forty n four to Bix 10 outlay, ns and thick." iny woy. my lien the corn he perfection is deep, you ilant them on them in that jart. Ten to It the ground •cquirc to bo Iccay, and wo hen our cow to the care of I calf, I found cd a farmer's ip your fingers ;s, and it will ' It sounded barn, where ill, bunted nio uc, sucked the \rr at intervals I. In despair, of wholesomo If was standing !, that I trans- ul there before. I liaro wranod sevc r,il c.dv. s since tlicn, but have never had any trouble. Leave tliem with t'.io co.v tiirco or four days, then take a little milk and liolil tiic culfs nnsc iu llic pail; it must open its moutli or smotlier, iind wlien once it testes tlin milk will soon learn to drink.* When it is a week old, comment! feeding with oil- cake, skim-milk and mola-sscs. Into an old two-pound peach can, I put one tabiesiKiouful of oil-eake and one of molasses, fill up tlio can whh boiling water, and set it on the stove until thoroujjhly cooked. Tliat quantity will be its allowance for one diiy, mixed with skim-ndlk. The next week jji ve it that quantUy at each meal, and the next week twice that. Tiio ralf will then be four weeks old, and the butcher ou?ht to give you a price for it that will pay for all trouble and the family milk bill while the cow was dry. It does not pay to raise calves where you only keep one cow. (Mr. Cochrane, the owner of the celebrated cow " Duchess of Airdrle," tohl me the other morning that last year he scdd a calf of hcr's to on Enjrlish gentleman for four thousand guhieas (twenty thousand dollars). I think it would pay to have n wet nurse If one had a calf like that). A tablespoonful of lime-water put in the milk now and then will prevent tlie calf from " scouring," a complaint very common ai mg calves brought up by hand. I believe that winter rye makes u valuable soiling plant, but I have never tried it. A FEW AVOIinS AS TO GENEUAL MANAGEMENT. I f.iink it cruel to keep cows tied up all summer. They do not require much exercise, but fresh air they must h.ive, and it is a great comfort to them to Ik k themselves, although they ought to be well curried every day. It is better to mUk after feeding, as they stand more quietly. Don't allow your milk-maid to wash the cow's teats in the milk pail, a filthy habit much in vogue. Insist on her taking a wet elotli and wipm,!? the cow's bag fhor- ouglily before she co-.nmences to milk. A cow oiiglit to be milked in ten minutes, although the fir.^t time I undertook to milk alone, I tugi^cd away for an hour. I knew How much milk I ought to ■ have^^and I w.is bound to get it. An old cow will eat more than a young one, l)ut will kiv'o richer milk. If you can get a cow Willi her second calf, you can keep her profitably for five years, when she should be sold to the butcher. There is nothing that ♦ It l9 better, 08 o nilo, not to allow tlic calf to suck at all. Aptnnsg in learn- ing to drink is Inllucncod by heredity. Calves from anccsloni that have not boon allowed to suck, learu to drink moro readily than those which have been allowed to run with the dau. u KEEPING ONE COW. will keep your cow-shed bo neat, and add bo much to the value of your miinurc pile, as a few HhovelfuU of dry earth or muck Ibrown under the cow. It will alm^rb the liquid manure bettor than any- thing else. Don't allow your milk pans to be appropriated for nil sorts of houseliold uses; you cannot make Bweet, firm butter if the milk Is put Into rusty old Un. 8klm tiio milk twice a day Into the stone chum ; add a little salt, and stir it well every time you put in fresh cream. Use spring water, but don't allow ice to come In contact with the butter ; it destroys both color and flavor. If your cream Is too warm the butter will como more quickly, but It will be white and soft. When the cream is so cold that It takes me half an hour to churn, I always have the best butter Don't put your hands to it, work out the buttermilk with a wooden paddle, and work in the salt with the same thing. There is an old saying that one quart of milk a day gives one pound of butter a week, and I think It a pretty fair rule, but don't cx;-«ct to buy a cow that will give you thirty quarts of milk a day. There arc such cows I know, but they are not for sale. Be quite satisfled if your cow gives half that quantity. Placo the cow's food where flhc cannot step on It, but don't put it high up; It is natural for them to cat with their heads down. I think it is better that the famUy cow should have a calf every year, provided you can have them come early In the spring or lute in the autumn. As to the time that a cow should bo dry, that depends much upon the way the cow was brought up. If she was allowed to go dry early In the season with her first calf, she will always do it. A cow be ng a very conservative animal, she should be milked as long as her milk IS good. When she is dry stop feeding the provender, bran, and oll-cake, and give her plenty of good hay, with some roots, until after she calves. The provender and oll-cake being strong food are apt to produce mflammation and other troubles atcalv- inir time You can feed turnips when she is dry, at the rate of two pails a day, cut up fine, of course, but don't feed turnips when she is milkmg I have tried every way to destroy the flavor of tur- nips in milk, but without success. I have boUed it, put soda in it, fed the cow after milking, but It was all the same-tumlp flavor unrawtakable-and as we don't like our butter so flavored, I only feed turnips when the cow is dry. The Rev E P. Roe in his delightful book called " Play and Profit in My Garden," says: "If a family In ordinary good cir- cumstances, kept a separate account of the fruit and vegetables bought and used during the year, they would, doubtless, bo sur- 10 vnluo of ick tbruwii than nny- priatcd for Inn butter wlcc u (lay every tiiuo t allow ice both color como more a la so cold ro tbc best ;rmllk with ame thing. I one pound lon't cx;-«ct day. There lite Batisficd food where natural for tcr that the >u can have As to the ion the way dry early in L cow beinft long as her cnder, bran, gome roots, leing strong ibles atcalv- 6 rate of two ips when she lavor of tur- ut soda in it, tnmip flavor rored, I only KEGPINO ONE COW. prised at the sum total. But if tliny could 8«;o could and would consume If they didn't hav would be a very mild way of putting it." The to the keopint; of a row. Wc buy one quart to get along with it. Our cow gives us from ten day and we make way with tlic greater part of cow and a garden one may manage to live, but according to my ways of thinking, would be its pleasures. II the amount they ■e to buy, s^urprlse Slime rule ai)plle!) a day and Mannt »!»■ I •' Play and ay good cir- id vegetables bo 8ur- IT 18 KEEPING OKE COW. it ' H THE cow IN THE MIDDLE STATES. BY W. h. BVTTLEB, OIBARD, PA. Instead of wrUlntf on how a cow might bo kept, I propose simply to tell Just how wc maiiiiKf our cow.whutwe feed \m, h„w wc procure that food; In fai;t everything relating toherenre, so that any one can go and do likewise. " Snot." wc call her, for she has u heautiful white spot In her forehead, Is not a Jersey, for we can not atrord to huy one at the prlees at which they are held with us; nor h she a '»'"''»"»?» '™ of any kind ; yet she Is a good c.w. of medium size, tills a t^eh r- quart pail each night and mornmg, when her n.ilk mngood tlox , S.„t rLes a thick coat of rich cream, which, after In-en chnrned furnishes all the butter needed for a family of six. and some o spare. Our place i. small, only two ^f^es'ind a portion of this is covered by the dwelling, barn, poultry-house., etc. The fruit carden occupies about one-fourth of an ocre, and !«»" t^'« P""-' Uon nothings grown to furnish food for "8iK.t." Adjoining the barn there Is half an acre of the land In good grass, or mostly clover, and every spring a quart of clover seed is soj^n, BO as fast 03 the old plants die out. young ones t;»ke their places. A bushel of land plaster Is sown on this when the gross begins to start in the spring This plot produces ft very heavy growth of crass ond clover, enabling us to cut It three times each season; about the flret of June, August, and of Octol^r. A coat of fine manure Is always spread over the ground Immediately after eacli mowmg. The grass Is mostly cured, and makes fine hay for win- ter feeding. Occasionally a small portion of the cn.p Is uschI green for sollin^r. Besides the land occupied by buildings, fruit carden, and clover plot, there remains about one acre, which we call the giirden. Here are grown all the vegetables for the family's u.se, besides some to sell. About one-fourth of it. Is planted to Early Rose potatoes, and as soon as these arc sufflc ently line for U8« or market, they are duii, and sweet corn, in drdls, for fodder, is sown ui^on the land. Another fourth of an ocw is planted to sugar beets; the ground being very ri> I., the yield is* always large ; this last season (1879), though very tlry, 1 harvested one hundred and seventy-eight bushels. Our cow p very fond of the beets, and I think there is nothing better to 1. p up a flow of milk, and they give it no -bad flavor, as do tunups. An additional fourth of an aci« is planted to sweet, or evergreen. KKin'INU ONIi COW. i; rES. , I propose D feed hrr, to her cnrc, Bpot in hiT one at the iroiigU-brcd lis a twolvc- 1 good flow, en churned, nd Bonio to tlon of this The fruit )mthi8 por- Adjoin inj; hI gross, or eed 19 sojvn, their places. 189 begins to T growth of eoch season ; coat of fine ly after each hay for win- >rop is uschI ildings, fruit acre, wliich ables for the irtli of if. is ro sufficiently in drills, for f an acK is I, the yield is * ,-, 1 harvested p very fond to i. "p up ft I turnips. An or evergreen, com ; as fast iis the com Is piclicd for u«c or market, the green Htaiits are ciil up, run tlm)uj;li tlie rutling-l)ox, un.l every purtielo of tlieiu coiiMiiuii'd. As HDon as tin* corn is all harvcsti'd, lli;> ground it ociiipii'd is tlinr.>u;;lily llttcd and manured, and tin ii sown to winter rye, tit l)e used for soilin,' tin- next sprin;r, after wliidi thi f;i()tiiiil is ngain pieparcd for corn. Tlie reniaiiiiiig fourlli aire is d, votid to early pcm, iK-ans, ealil):igi'S and other garden vegitahles, As soon as one crop is off, the irround is pro- pared, and soiuitliing else Is almost always planted or sown ; consequently, on the most nf this acre, two crops are produced each KC.isdii, except wlui-e sugar-beets arc grown, or lati! cabbages, wiiieh reijuire tlic wliole season to mature. With the clover on the half acre, and llic fora,s;c crop and roots on tlic acre, we have not only had aufllclent foiid for tlie cow the entire mmsou, but have also kept our family horse, witli the exception of one load of oat-straw i)Uichas:il for time dcdlars, to mix in witli the fml- der corn ; this is Imrd to cure suflliiently to keep bright and sweet through the winter, but by mixing a layer of corn-fodder, and ft layer of straw, it all comrs out nice and bright. Besides keeping botii horse and cow, we have marketed from this little farm, in Itcrries, vegetaliics, Itulter, eggs, poultry, and one fat hog, weighing, dressed, over three hundred pounds, four hundred and sixty-eight dollars' worth of tlie above produce, keeping enough for our own use, and salting down one barrel of pork. THE B.VnN. The barn is twenty-five by thirty feet, with the stable on the south side. The stall for "Spid" is five feet wide, and the floor on which she stands is five feet long, with a manger two feet wide in front, one and a lialf high next to the cow, and three feet next to the bam floor. She is fastened with a wide strap around her nock, attached to a chain eighteen inches long, which is fastened to a staple driven into a post at the corner of the stall adjoining the manger ; this gives her room to turn her head so as to lick any portion of her body. Tlie floor is made of two inch plank, lattened on tlic under side with thin boards, raised from the ground ten inches in rear and one foot in front ; all the droppings and urine fall into the four-foot alley behind. This alley has a clay floor beaten perfectly solid and level. Next to the stable door is a large bin, ten by seven feet, for storing road-dust or muck ; at the other end of the stable is another bin, ten by eleven feet, for storbg leaves for bedding. ~r 18 KEEPIKU ONK COW. Mv ureal object Is not only to make "Spot" romforUl.lo, and hnvc her «tul.lo free fn.m nil Imd odorH, Imt to lave all the innnnrp, both liquid nnd solid. The h.Ht uhnorlxint Ih rtlonH and all offeimlve odom. Twice each day thlH 18 thrown out through a window closed by a HliduiK Miut- tcr In the rear of the Htall, under a shed, where It remain-, until wanted for use. In the fall I «o to the wooda and procure a ■ufflclent quantity of leaves ♦<) lost until sprlnj? ; a liberal u«c! of tlie«e not only makes a nice, soft, clean bed, but largely lncre»«-s the quantity of manure. The stable opens Into a small janl, across one corner of which runs u small brook. Each morning the cow Is permitted to go out and drink ; If the weather U pleas- ant she is allowed to remain out an hour for exercUs. She is let out'thc same at night, after sunset In warm weather, so that she will not be annoyed by flies. The bam Is well battened, and is warm la winter- It Is well Tenlllatcd by two windows, but these, in summer, are darkened by blinds, with wide slats, to keep out flies. SYSTEM OF FEEDING. Each morning, while "Spot" Is eating her breakfast, she is well curried with a curry conb or card, and If any flllli is observed on her bag or teate (which Is very seldom), they are carefully wa-sheil off. if In winter, with warm water. She is never scoldwl nor whipped ; consequently she never kicks over the pall or holds up her milk. She Is ietl In winter with a peck of sugar-heeU cut up. both morning, noon, and night; also a bushel of cut feed, either corn-stalks or clover hay. -vet with a pailful of hot water, with two quarts of " sugar meal," or bran, thoroughly mixed to- gether, with a little salt sprinkled over It. I generafly use what at known here as "sugar meal" to mix with her feed; It Is corn meal from the factory after the sugar or glucose has been ox- tracted; U costo fwm ten cents to twelve and a half cenU ikt bushel, and I prefer It to bran, and "Spot" likes It very much. We consider her a machine for converting the food we give her Into milk, and the more we can get her to eat and digest, the more milk is obtainetl. and the greater the profit. It is a good plan to change the food occasionally, substituting carrots for beets clover hay for com fodder, for brutes, like mankind, are fond of a wiety There are root-cutters that can be procured for cutting a^fanjt'iwfr -''■'■ ■ KEKPINO ONK COW. 19 talilo, and avo all the riod muck, H ciiHlcr to ml nlwnyi eiri-clually Twice each uliiiK iliut- naini until pnwum a tcral URC of ly lncn'»se« «inall yurd, :h morning icr la picas* Sho iH lot iliat she will nd Ib warm ut thoHC, In :ep out flies. (faot, Rho ifl \ i8o*«erved re carefully jver Hcolded lalU or holds pr-bceta cut )f cut feed, if hot water, ly mixed to- f use what iB ; it is corn has been ox- alf cents ikt I very much. wc give her ;e8t, the more good plan to beets, clover fond of a id for cutting up root*, but I linvo ulway* uned n corninon ipwlo, ground iiliurp, ttrid un enipiy llniir Imrrel to hold tlie licotx. It fikr» but s few minut; • to tut u;t a mcs.i of bciln hi Ihut way. MANlllK. Willi a bin of road-dust, and one of loave*, a winter's supply of lit- ter in Hwurod, and it lHHurprlHln< wliila pile of miinun- we have in tlie spring. Another viilual)l« Hoiirc -of in uiuro U tlio plgHly, with plenty of leave* for a warm lnul, and Hulllcient road-duMl to ab- Borb all the li(tuidM, it U UHfonlnliing how clein our piifs nr.-, and tlin Hty Ih free from all bid olort; tlie big jKitatoes and niiimmoth bectH, hUow the richnes* of tir> pig-pen fertilizer. I lliink «»ur fifty ben« piy for :ill tlii-lr fooil witli the droppingH the |M»ultry- houBO fumiaheg. Tiio rcvxts are over a Hianting platform, whieii U kept covered with roal-dust both dummer anil winter; tlio droppingH fall on tliis flcmr, and roll down Into a lari^e box twelvo feet long, t'ireo feet wide, nnnlni forU.lli.- I..|h . nr oir lui'l tior.'.! f..r wInt.T. Tli.mo t.i !..• us •.! Muro llu- first .T Murc'i i-r- "t .r.a In tli«' .■.•ll>r, tli." otli.T.. nr.- lmrl<.l in .» Um |»lt, .*llMlni.« f.-.t liUh .in.1 far.'.' f«.«t wli«'. .ovcrlnR w.-ll wif. Mniw uiul .ufflrlnU •oil t.) kwi.tlL'tn fr.)ui fro..«lnx, puttlnK In ii.lmln-tll(«»l).)ut cv.ry four f. rt In tli.« top .)f tli(> pll<-, with ono nul to |)roJ«'«"r'»lly ''"-S'T. """/ ulwuy. Rr..w «..m« .•iirr..ii. for ii cluin«.'. 1 plimt hW.t cm. In .Irlll ' ftlwayn put nomo forllll/..-r nhny^ tlio furr-.w. .Iropplnjt tl.o k..rni.l«ulK>ut.4«htln.lu'H apart, with th.- rown thr... f..t wi.l.. I c..mm«ntc plantlnR m...n nffr M.iy llrnt, an.l .•..nllnuu at InttrvaU until ab..ut July «n.t,»« I c:in havo a fr.-h supply for .w.nml market, all tlw scaH.m. Tlio sweet corn huing Rrown on the plot sown to winter rye. for BoliinR. enables u» to cut i.,n.e -.ortlonK of It twice, before the ground Ui nceUcl for com. When «..win« com for fodder, which I* d.mo m soon ok wo onHuonco dlK«inK ho early potato.:.. I sow it in drills twa feet apart, and dr.p Iho kernels about one Inch apart In the drills, nmnuro fi-om tlio pl^Kly h nrst dropped In the turn.w. and covered wlU. tol at e..st tw., n chcs deep: or the corn will not como up. This fertilizer U so ■iron" if properly used It causes a m.)9t extraordinary ^row li of 'talks While the com is small, cultivate It two or thmMlmes with o narrow cultivator, when It will take caroof Its.jlf, and thero will bo a surprising growth of stalks; I have them often six feet • hl-rh Ju^t before time for frosts, cut with a scythe, and set up n rmall bunches bound around the top. and leave to cure until cold weather. When it Is to b. put in the mow, spread "It'-'n'^t^jy » ayer of stalks, and a I.yer of straw, and it wil ke.-p bri,;bt Ji sweet until wantr'd. The rye for spring soiling is 8..wa when the Bweet corn is picked, ond stalks rcinove. In .1 ids about ten inches apart. Fine manure is spread on the ground after plowing, and thr.roughly ml.xed with the ""rfa.e soU; one or two hoelngs being given to keep the ground mellow; to destroy any weeds that may make their appearance. By JUy XKKI'INU ONE C'UW. 21 li Ihry will Villi unmml rhl UuiMln'-l i;r<>w inilU )rU,lln'lt)|H • till' flrxt «»f I) It li)iii( pit, t llirri' U'vt 11(1 Kiinirlrnt iiImiuI i'viry Jci'l n litllti licr iK'ciiiiira plcnxuit. I iiinnncr. I lili> ID Kiitlii r ir;;iT, Mill I ri'i't etirii In itroppliiK tl>" ' fcit wide, I • at IntirvnU for «s<\iuul on tlio l>li>t n -mrtloim of I dowliij^coru J (IlK^lnn til" iiul »lr)p 111" in tlm pl)i«ly nt IvtiHt two urtiliziT Id no iry urowtli of r llin'«( times «'lf, nnd tlu're )ften bIx feet nnd sot up In urv until coUl I alU'rnately a 1 kci'p l)rl(0>t lling is sown ivcd, In drl'ilg ^n the j?ro"nd Burfat'c soil ; ound mellow; ince. By May first, the early sown rye will rover the aronnd wUU a densa Krowlli, lit lea.Hl fniir fi-tl lii'^li, furiiUliln,'ii larni-fpiiinilly of nuMt niitrllloii* K"<'n f"'>* ho(ui iii tin- IukI picking iK-eiirH, while the vineii arc (jrein, they are pulh-il ami fid to " H|M»t," who relUheH them very niueh. Turnips, or corn, aro utonec sown on the Kioiind where the peon were. When our curly eiihlia^es are taken up. all the leaver, nnd much of the Hlalkx, are turn-d Into milk liy takinK them to the cow's manner, and the ground at onco planted, or nown, to Romethins that will iniiko inoro focKl. The boet, carrot, nnd tiirnl|» tops, and late rabluRC leaven, make quite a quantity of feed late m the fall, if larc U taken in sivln^ and prwrvlng Ihein. t'onnlhly there may 1)1' 8r)me hetter foragf enip than " evcrRrcen," or suKar corn ; I think another full I will try the Minnesota Amber Sugar lane, In a small way. I tried Pearl Millet, In one row, this Hca.son ; It tillered, or spread wonderfully, l»ut did not do so well as the com, lis III" Ht ilkrt wen' siiiall, and the millet maken such u feehle growth, al llrxl. It require:* the whole season to produce oa much fodder as I set from cum sowed the fourth of July. CALVINO. I nener.illy manage to have the cow come In about the first of 8«'pteinl»er ; by that means the nix weeks time she Is ollowed to Ko dry, (Mcurs during the warmest portion of the summer, viz., in July anil August, when, with the facilities the itcrscm who keepn but one cow possesses, it U difllcult to make good butter. This Is also the season when butter most generally sells the lowest. The calf is taught to drink after it in a week or ten days old, and fed on a porridge niado from skim-milk and wheat middlings, or shorts; by the time It U six weeks or two months old it will bo well fattened, nnd can bo sold to the butcher for veal, at a good prlc3, for at tliat saiison of the ye.ir venl Is siarco and in demand. Tho caw b'ing in full flow of milk all winter, when butter Is most Always hiaih, will pay a good profit for her feed and care. A couple of weeks prior •<> tho time the calf should be born, I make a box stall on tho barn floor, and ptirmlt the cow to run loose in it until tho rnlf is taken nway to learn to drink. During this time she should have n good bed of lenves, nnd tne stall Ikj denned each night nnd morning. So far at such times I have ex- Illi m g| ttlPINO UNK row. ", ™; and "tnw TIMS land, «bo«t .no half of It, l.u- rUuccd adJuTon. full crop, for ll.c ««, of the fanuly, or ma kH w2 the i..ur .nllk nnd buUcnn'lk ..r. iarBcly a«BU|Ud Tmlng iVun.drcd ,MMmd» of pork. The. alt, ,Ule«i ..n :n!:;nfhB of .^, wa. .oW for ciKht d. ,1. .^ ^.^ more - naid for the extra feed houRht for the cov. . Tl- ) tamay wliiei. i m few and what can be more d.lieloua than a nice di«h "| "t™"- Tat b^nS derived, it .«. «> to npeak, surpr.ing that any famUy •hould r€Bt gatUfled without i)OMe89ing a cow. it \n \K)iWt imUT" K'f trin iilopit It . Thin, M lofin by In- ht iliH ilUli, libort lluiii mr OMr «'«iw |ii 'VI iiu'nU llll of III" I i. kept of t wf! oUnyi (n Mparo. J |¥irtliio of iivl^inrc, wo (uinlly in «u wi> for lioth Blrow. Th« 1 iliiring llio My more, of t f(f limd, howrvcr. wiw cxtn-tlini^ly liniitr-l, lifiajf only ii porllon of Iho kitclu'n gunkn of n city nsi- denre, but my hihtcss wiih, evrn In thin Hinali way, so sat- lufactory, tliat I dctermimcl at Homo fulun) day to try It on a more exti-nsivo H-alo. My nadini; and exixTicnc' ronvinncd me, tlial in our favored soulliern elimato, a half acre of lund, intelligently cultivated, would produce a Kuppiy of Utot[ amply Buffleient to support one cow throuuli tlie year, and eircum- Htanew favorinn, I determined to try the ex|»«Timent. In April, 1870, 1 heeanie owner of a lot two hundred and fifty feet Ion;; by one hundred and twenty wide in the rear of my premisen— the greater portion havinff been used ns a grass plot for a horse. I. immediately beiraii by fenning off a portion one hun- dred and twenty feet by two hundred, running a wagon-way eight feet wide down tiie center, which, with the space occu- pied by the stable (siy twenty by thirty feet), left nearly twenty- two thousand feet, or within a frot^tion of half an acre, for actual cultivation. The land was a sandy loim, ';cvcred witli a thick sod of Bermuda and other grasses. Years before it had been cultivated as a market garden, but latterly given up to gras-s ; It sloped to the sotitli sufficiently to favor goorn was put In one half of the remainder, planting at the same distance as the larger variety. May sixth, the remaining fourth was sown heavily with German <.r "Golden " Millet, In drills twelve Inchea apart. Seasonable show- crs, followed by warm sunny days, soon produced a vigorous ant rapid growtb. On May fifteenth, a Tliomas' harrow was mn over the first planted corn, and six days later over the second plantinfT, and over the millet. On May thirtieth, tl.«- com was plowed, fcl- lo wed by a good hoeing. A fortnight lalci , a second and last hoelnj 20 KKKI'IN" ONK row. w,m frlvrn. Tim mlU.l whh nl.o IkkU IwI.t, «flrr wli.rli U.c utow h HlVHuull. Hh..t...l tl... ^.T.mn.l, nu.l H.uh pr-v-nu. U-' Kr-.Ml. „( w.-lH.' In llu- in..u..li.n.. I l.ml npi.lr.Ml ll.n hIuI. <•, un.l lui.l a lariro .U,..r ml Inio ll.c hI.I. n.xl to tl..- oriKit.ul lot. u.h n.u.l.' a Hlall for our iH't .!.•««•> n.w, Tl... iL-r w.ih . ypr.H.. ll.r..' J.uh-s .1. ck a,ul Hi.. ..'.» Hll«l.tl.v fr..n. tl..' u.uub.t. By u.tUHl n.t'.iKur.'.ncn <> 1„. H„n.l .Hn.pl..» «.y tl..- .-ow -K'ivinB ju.l^ r....... f.-r her 1. In.l f.vl I. .l.ur tl..- H,uu.-,.» lro.ii;h, .'iKi.t i..d..H d. '""1 "^'V " wi.U-, w.« ".iul.; to nciivo ll.c iirln.- and dn-PPinK^ The I IW^H f.mr .mdono l.alf f.ot wid-, tl.o Hld.-« c.,.nl..K on- y h.dT ..c kngth ..f Ih. oow. an.l junt her hiKht. Tl.o mu..«.r .xt*-mlodt.ntir.-lyucr»sHU.c Htnll. wuh tw.lvc i,ul..-H wi.U^ ut tl.o ,.SrHn. oil^.t.-.-n nt tl.o t.,p, un.l tw.-lvo d..p. .1..- bottom K. ng t:v..lvc inches alK.vo the rtoor. The fastening cnnM of a flvc^ighlhs mm rod, pawing fn.moncHidcof tht-.l.dl t.. the.. the . along the center of the manger, and one inch fr.,m it On U.b r.Hl w.m a ring, to which was attach«l a ahort chain that .•me,, in a snniM-.it^h, to attach to a ring fastened to the hcalng ho cow out in th. .....niing. the head-.tall was unbuclcle.1 a^d It In the .table ; t.. fasten agam was but a moments work By tlta armngcmentthecowliad (idl liberty to move Ler head without I^^Liblllty of getting fastened by the halter. The iM.ttom o S Zm was mado <,f slats, one half inch apart «. "'at no dir could collect. For feeding w.t messes, there was a Ik,x ma.le to fit one end of the mangej, which could be rem..ved to be washed with- out trouble. With plenty of sawdust , costing only the hauling, per- feet comfort and perfect cleanliness were matters of course. Attached to the sUble was a lot fifty by fifty feet, where, In pkas- ant weather, the cow was turned, but free to go in and .)Ut of her sSl at pleasure. Inthlslotwasatrough.connccted wiUit^e pump where a supply of clean and fresh water was always kept. Daily i>,l9 ttx)ugh was emptied and thoroughly cleaned. A cow may ca dlrtv feed occasionally, but sec to It that the water she drinks Is pure Unless this Is attended to her milk is unfit fr.r human fo^y ^''^J*"^ ;*;^,^ her second calf about June twentieth, but was still giving milk in April and May. Her feed from May first to June fifteenth waa the run of a common pasture, with o. mcas twice daily of •T*""'** II 1 the irrowth tin' univvtli r, unit liiiil a iiiiult' U Htllll iK'lirs thick, Hiin'inciit of )r her hhul twul llftrrn pinni*. Tho toinliif? on- Thp umiintr wide ut the th<' bottom >n8lMliiiiL' b|if wheat hrun over the »(»m, and (onlinulnj,' lli<: hay feed twice a day. At the wirne time hhe w.im tiken from thi; pasture, not l<» p) on a^min Miilll tliis experiment was finlMied. June twenly- wMoncd meal, and hay. Her calf took her (-upper, and the udder wa-s again stripited; that night the calf was taken from her, never to ruck fxgaln, as fresh milk in a city was too valuable to feet! to even a registered Jersey. Having, in years pwt, lost several very fine cows from over-feetllng and under-milking, at cilving time, I cannot urge too strongly what Col. Geo. E. Waring calls " high starvation " at this critical period in a cow's fife. If a cow has been decently cared for np to the day of calv- ing, ah? needs nothing but rest, quiet, and a light mash,— warm in cold weather— for twenty-four hours, and then but light feeding for two or three days. But be sure to empty her udder completely at least twice every twenty-four hours, and if the cow b a deep milker, then three times; with thU treatment, the feed can be gradually increased to all that she will eat np clean. JH^ KEEPINQ ONE COW. TEArmm* the calf to prink. It 18 a very easy mnttcr to teach n calf to drink milk, when one h«« Veen the thing done. Next morning t»d« calf was impatient f" er m'"sof warm milk. ... after milking her dam. 1 took a BhaSlow pan, and putting two quarts of n.ilk into .t pr(«ceded to X the fl"t le«^n in a calf's life, of doing without a mother The process is very simple : you merely wet the flrst an. second tingeLf ti»o left hand with milk, and place them « tj« «»" « mouth to dve her a taste of what is in Hf.re. Kci)eat this a few UnS tl en grldualiy draw the pan near her m-;uth with the right Laid usln/your left as above. When the calf P^"^™"^ y""; ^JJJ flnKcre to enter her mouth, raise the pan so that your left hand will S. Immersed, and the calf, by suction, will draw the milk np between the fingers. At mld-day. another '"^;/ "J'^',;"^ * second lesson was given; at eveniug a third. N«t ^norning le process was repeated, but in this instance she did not need tho Tge^ to guide her to what was good for her ; she readily accepted the situation, and stuck her pretty nose Into the warn milk wldcl rapidly disappeared to when it would do the most good. But wlh milk iorth ten cents per quart, and cream seven times as much It did not " pay " to use six quarts daily of rich Jersey milk r his way, Bo, after a fortnight's supply of the raw material, tie feed wi gradually changed to sweet skim-milk for two weeks and then sutetltutlng hay-tea, the ™»^™"°%^f ^"' f°;"J2 two quarts dally. Beginning with a tablespoonful of coton-seed meaUhorougUly mixed with the feed, the quantity was increased S ten davTto one pint daily. At one month old. she was gradually taught to eat bran by stirring It Into her food. The preparation of hay-tea is very simple. Nice hay is run through a cutter, and Uking an ordinary two-galon pa ful, boll- Ing water Is poured upon it ; it is then covered and al o^«dJJ steep for twelve hours. This makes a most excellent food, and calves thrive upon it. The most stylish and vigorous calf I ever saw. was raised upon hay-tea. with bran and cotton-seed meal as here described. I enter thus fully into the best manner of raising a calf without Its mother, for the especial benefit of my southern readers, where the thriftless habit of allowing the calf to suck Ite dam, oftentimes until a year old, so generally prevails. In this iDsuince the litUe heifer got along nicely until two months old, when an aggravated attack of scours set in, but by thnely dos^of laudanum in a mess of warm gruel, poured down her throat twice a day. for three days, a cure was effected. In ordinary cases of HBWBWW" KEEPING OSE COW. 29 when one impatient I tuok a iccfded to i mother. Ill second the calf's his a few I the right your two left hand ic milk np Ilk, and a )ming the , need the y accepted illk, which ;ood. But n times as ersey milk V material, two weeks, t down to cotton-seed B increased s gradually hay is run ailful, boil- allowed to t food, and calf I ever ■ed meal as r of raising ny southern ' to suck its lis. In this months old, lely doses of throat twice lary cases of scours, a change to drv food will correct It, but It is well to watch and not to permit the disease to become sealed. A few years sifio, tt very valuable young Jersey heifer, receUc'd from the vicinity of Philadelphia, wos taken in this way, while umlersoin.!? the usual course of iicclhniitKm incident to northern cattle brou;|ht soulli, and tlie simpler treatment proving of no effect, I gave injections twice a day of rice-water and laudanum, besides drenehmg her with corn-gruel and laudanmp. This was kept up for ten days; wc carried her safely through, and her present value omply com- pensates for the time and trouble u-xpcndcd. FOOD OF THE COW. But let ns return to the cow. On the morning of Juno twenty- ninth, we began giving her a fair feed of green com, adding to it wheat bran, and cottonseed meal. July second wo fed her all the com stalks she would cat, continuing to add bran and cotton n>cal, giving four quarts of the former and two oi the latter- and this was her daily food, Including the German Millet, treated in the same way, until September. The green food was given three times a day, but the bran and cotton meal added only morning and night . Occasionally a day's supply wos cut early ii» the morning, and allowed to wilt before feeding, but in this, as well as in many other matters, my man-of-all-work did as circum- stances permitted. His various duties about the place gave him but little time to reduce to an exact system the cato and feed of a cow. Bhe had a good stable, and plenty to cot, received daily a good brashing. and was treated kindly. Yet, she was our servant (and a most faithful one she was), and we were not hers, or slaves to any arbitrary clock-work regularity. She was fed and milked at regular intervals, but beyond this it was not always con- Tenlent to have regular hours at her stable. We did not keep her as an exhibition of a model cow in a model stable, and to cxen.- plify a model system of ca J and keep. Like thousands all over the land, we kept her simply for the profit she yielded, in the way of milk and butter. It has often strack me, m read- ing the many suggestions and hints about how to keep a cow, to be found in some agricultural and live-stocli Journals, that were they all carried Into practical operation, it would take the entire time of two able-bmlied men to attend one anitaal-one to be always on hand during the day, the other to serve at night. Now common sense is a good thing, even when applied to the management of cows, and my experience convinces me that the 80 KEEPIKO OKE COW. ftvprago man wImIios only to know the chenpcat ond caslMt wny to have nn uhundiinl supply of rlcb, wholesome, and cleiin milk, and with prlilo enough In the posseHslon of u good cow to furnthh a good shelter nnd comfcrtablo quarters. Beyond thesf, breeders of fancy and hlgh-prleed stock may go to any extreme, and find a paying bUHlncM in doing ho, but the village or city owner of one or two eow*, kept solely for his own use, can not alTord to Indulge In any of thU "upper-tendora" stylo of cow life; it won't pay him. As a row of corn was cut and fed, the hnd was i)l()wed, numured, and more corn (common field) drilled in thick, ho that the ground for the whole sununer presented the appearance of an experimental com field, with com at every stage of its growth. This was kept up through the months of July, Augu.st, Sep- tember, and October. Indeed, the half of this yieUl was more than HUlilelent for keeping ihe cow in Kuperl) coiulilion, so that much the greater iM.rlloa was cut in tlie tasHcdin!,' stage and cured for winter feed. After September begins, it will not do to sow corn; the worms destroy it, but, In our Houthern Bean, or "cow pea," we hove one of the verj- best of soiling crops. Sown either bn)a«lca8t, or In drills, It does equally well, iiiukes u rapid growth, and ufibnls a tempting and nutritious food for cattle. It grows until checked by frost, and I know of no plant, save Indian com, that protluces more weight to a given quantity of land. In this instance wc fed it daily during October and late Into Noveml)cr, before a frost put an end to its use in its green state. Anticipating a frost, it was cut and cured for winter feed. Properly cured, no Lay equals It for cattle. Novcmlwr twenty-fourth our cow went into winter quarters, and for her winter feed tlierc were over four thousand eight hundred pounds of well cured com-fodder, and one thousand five hundred p.)und8 of good pea-vine hay— far more than sho could consume. Early in December, after spreading over the land all the manure on hand. It was plowed again with a two-borsc turning plow, and sowed thickly to oaU, harrowing them in. A seasonable rain gave them a good start, so they were well prepared for the viclsi- tudes of winter-a good stantl and vigorous growth. The cow now received a daUy ration of corn fodder and pea hay, run through the cutter, and after mixing thoroughly three quarts of wheat bran and one quart of cotton-seed meal, were wet with water (warm in cold weather). This was given her In the morning, and the same quantity at evening. The com fodder and pea-hay for a day's feed were fifteen pounds of each, I wny to lilk, anil urnlhli n icdcra of :l 11 nd a T of 0111' I Indulga on'l i)uy plowed, L, HO that ICO of nn growth, ust, 8c jv .•as inoro 1, BO that nd curt'd O to BOW or "cow (vn cither , growth, It grows liun com, . In this ovcmlicr, ticipating cured, no . trtcrs, and t hundred B hundred conHume. le inaauro plow, and lablo rain the Ticlsl- Tbo cow pea Lay, ;bly three meal, were given her The com da of each, KKKl'lNfl «>NK COW. W more or le;^. On ihis food she wnH kf.pt throuj;h the winter, civing milk of excellent (|UiilUy, und In good (luanlliy. In February, she ww. tethered every fair day In tlu. oatn and Id March w" f'J l>«r « «""er acre. flH^re is no difficulty in producing three crops In one season on the same Tand But cattle need a variety of foo-l in soiling, as m other forms of feedluL'. Oats are excellent, and come In cariy. Cat. tail MUletC'Peari Millet") Is a rapid grower, but cattle are not ^iaUy fond of It ; they like Oer.nan Millet better. Garden (or |§ KRKrtxd ovn cow. Englldli) Pen* mnko iiii pxci-llrnl f. The hixl iiiumtl !» ii imi|htI» fodiire llio largcHt weight of Rrecn fo. ALVOKD, B*ilTU*MPTON, MAili. In wriUiiK ii|»J<"l<.l on f*«TU'n for my H irdon whl.h f. r wnn.- yearn lm«. uniformly l»<'«n an .Jt.ell.i.t one, qnlio .1 mod.d. tl...uKh 1 ».y K. Of thU «.rt of w'.rk I havo always l.c-n v.ry fond, aa w.ll an of .lom wiwted. The ambition ..f the family Ih to own a horn.' ami a row. It ha* ben talk.'.l alwut a fjooU dnil, Init wo an- aurcod that th.- Imme would be a pure luxury. In our .Ircnm- •fm."* an.l nuHl wbU. The row I hav.- fdt would be a luxury to., that U, CM mor.« than It would pn.du. e. but on IhU (xdnt the' iro«Rl wife haa differed with me. .lalmlnn that It woul.l be a real wonomy. It ban b.;en a part of our .lome«.l.r p.dlcy Jo UM milk and butter Ulwrally, thereby kocpln?; .lown the but.;hera bill and buying very little lanl. Of the value of nllk a. an article ..f f.Mj.1 In Ita ualund sUte, and In the many wayx wblih It can iw ua.d'ln cwklng. there cin b.- m. d..ubi, c.pe.lally where there are v..unir and Krowlnx memlmra of the family. Slill, I hav.. Iktb .keptlcal on the ec momy of koeplnR a row, and t.. ...nvlnce mo, ihebclp-raeet recently pn.vel, fnnn well kept occmntH, that dur- mit the last two yean, there have been .onsumed by our family or five j>er«on«,ono thouKind five hundred and forty five quarts ..f milk averafflng seven cenUa quart, and three liundrctl and sixty- ono pounda of bultcr, average price thlrty-thrco tenU a iwund. .4»i If EIBPIMU ONI COW. The*! h»r« wnounUi"! to n cult Miwmlltuni of one Uundr'il nnd thlrliMn .lolUrn »na »Uty-foiir vtmU a yiiir, whUh won atL-cynl iurprliM' to mi", iiml fmllnji |>ri«lty mm'thoiuiM-nw ncfd not i xtirtl two iIoUhp* a wo«k, I yUUIe.l lo Umi arKum.rit ; itiii Ihn owmr of « row. and lurn rcconl the it«iill «f my « •xin'liiMnt Ono of tlio pUawtiit Hiring dnya »( laat wock, wc took a tlf Ire amonK tlio farnw of lh« vlchilty, aiiU itel«*lml a KfMKi l.wklnx cow whkU Imtl JukI Uropiml luT ai-**.!!.! < alf. Tin- prlco imid waa »l«tyrtTo .lollarx, to bo dcUTflml to mo tiMlny. without tlio t alf. TUo man I Ik.ukIh of calUHl her " puro Aldcrivy, " but nho ly, It U ull tin' Ixlter. My Ixillcf U that abit baa u ttnak of Ayrablni blootJ, and tbat abe will n; ,k« a fine cow. Tk^\ttn thrse yoani old next month (exact ibitc unknown), It baa b«eu d«:W«d that our cow la to bo known aa "Juno." May iBT, 1876.— When "Juno" wan bongbt, U waa In .noftiH expectation tbat poaturago could be lilre«l In a aniall lot ailJolnlnR tbo rear of mine. 1 aupp»>ni!d It waa fixed, but tho Bprlng bad bo«!n favorable, tbo nr:uw on the meadow promliH'd well, and tbo owner concluded bo would mow It, no that arninnemcnt fell tbn>UKb. By that time I was too lati' lo iwKiuro room In the only paature conrcnlcnt to the ylllaxe, untl I bavo »)cen forced to ki'cp ber In tho aUblo and a small "table ynnl, tho whole year. Tho tMult U more than aatlafactory, conaldoriog tho dbuidvanUgeoM circumatances. A year ago to-day "Juno" arrive t" l"''!' '"'"• "■"*"•" •"*' ''"**/ ''7 "" band, «omo of It v«ry iT^•»U, ui.d *uxM tliim vary tli- dry food. AUo. for vurU-ty. I fnqu.nlly Kuv« «i..i rut fe.d n day. n.oUtcn.-.l. Bt-ildcn thin, I ..bUlncUnd worked ln.durn« tli.' .uiimur. u lot "I half.rlpo oaU, In tlio .trnw, whidi Im.l I.hIk.'.1 and wot • . urud llko hay. Tbo food, altbo ijjU tbu» often cbangod, waa cbaujjcd carc- fidly. In my jrardcn I made a largn partnlj. IkM, and followc.l my aarllct V-a. with rariot.i. ao that In th« fall Uicrn wcro aevcral bunhola of th**6 root*. Tho carrots wore I'urlod In the ganlcn, » ni..||ow loam, and tho pan.nlp« kft h* the Kround. The ormrr wore o|H)ncd durlnj? a thaw In tVl.ruary, and a f..w f.d t<. Jun« each day. lantlnR until the end of March ; by that timo I could get Iho nanmliH and they have Ju«t given out. Wh«n I U^gnn thorooU the Kruln wan gmduully withheld and «b« hun had noncalnco Fob- ruary These rwita have had a most apparent effect, g\r\nn her coat a bright, thrifty look, and alio Im In fl.io condition for culv ng. which ia eipectcd In ton day*. But the rooU made It hard to dry off the cow. 8ho wna ahrlnkUig In milk fast when wo began on the oarrota, then sUrtctl up again and was giving alKiut three ouarU a day in March, when tho milk (and especially the eroam began to bavc a sharp, unpleasant, bitter taste, and we «.on had to irlvc up tislDg It. It then took o fortnight to dry her off, which was done by Icaenlng tha rooU, milking not qulto dry. then only once a day, and onco In two days. Water has been offered three times a day, through tho year, all she would drink, salt has a Iwajiii been within her reach. All summer, and every mild, dry day In wlntei *■ Juno " has passed some hours In the stable yard. A large amount of iKKldlng has been necessary, and for this I have used the WBhto hay. the raklngs of tho yard last autumn, the scrapings of the jrortlen walks, garden Utter, and tho leaves from a row of maple trees in fnmtof the bouse, carefully saved for tho purpose. So much In tho stall. "June" has required more personal care and It has been made a rule to rub and brush her body enough to keep It clean and free from dead skin. But I never use a harsh cartl ; nothing Is better for rubbing than a piece of old sclno or very coarse bagging. Everything about the cow, too, la kept clean and awcut I ;v Mi) lh« 0«tn 111 straw ■) • <^ (Mil) Itn, Wheat Hnn (!i SJl.S ) 1' •»* 850lb«, Oorii-Moal® »1.10 2'*> 4 bus. Oats ® 53c 2. :? Kxpondwl ^ •"'!i?w'[ LoM 40011)11. Hay ou hand d U" jn.j.:n Yoar'i espouse KEIilMN(» ONE COW. The rcmiU of this contlnuoiw 8lnl)llns hnw l>non a raphl nrrnmu- lUloii of iniimirc. and UiIh havli.K Ucvn mixed with all tho Buiti. bio refuse of Ihe i.laco, and forked over Hcvcral tlinoH. 1 lhi» Hpriiig have on hand u huge pile of rleli eompost. It l« more than can be used on the p.rden, and the newer i.orl has be.Mi eordod u.) under a temporary sh.'d for salo or future use. rida alone wi'll pays for all my extra work In keeping the cow, as 1 have yearly been ahllgod to buy for the Kurdoii. Our plan during the year has been to sell a little milk to nci;?h- bors, set aslle two (piarts dally for family use, cream and all. The cream from the remainder has been made Into butter, and an accurate account kept of the butter produced. The following Is the result of this first year keeping one cow: -vmtNiiitii • I iiKTtJnws; Hah'S - fiSli qlK. Milk for family, ® 7c. V£\ \\)». Butter madu, (^ &'jC . V'l ir'B rcturu .fio.as 9 ao.iH ... 4JJ.10 .. 43,(15 ..jiixiia Momorandiim— Cost... •8>2?'H Lens sales »> IS Pins pnrcliBoos— BMqts. Milk. m. 152 ft)8. Butter Cow product* cost family. 83. IB .. <5.1« .. VIM $1(15.09 Here Is a net balance of three dollars and twenty-slx cents hi favor of the cow, without allowing anything for the abundant supply of sklm-milk and buttcrnailk which has been profitably used in the poultry yard as well as at the house— or for the big compost heap, which could readily lie sold. The figures also show that the family has had a better supply of cow products than last yeir, at seven dollars and sixty -five cents less expense. No labor is charged, for I am not so much keepin:? an exact account of the maintenance of the cow, as of the profit of my keeping one, taking care of her myself. And no credit Is given for manure, as I mean to apply that to reducing the cost of keeping in the future. The cow might have been fed at less cost, but! intended to have her improve on my hands, and she has done 80. ^''June" now weighs seven hundred and sixty-two pounds, is about to have her third calf, and is certainly worth more than was paid for her. Altogether, in spite of unfavorable conditions there is no occ»- aion to mplain of the result of the year. KEKI'IN(» ONK COW. 80 S iM.18 .. *J.'»0 .. 43.(15 7 ' ~~' H 88.19 .. 0.19 .. II!. 64 . Cl(i5.9» Mat IffT, 1877.-Lnrt spring, my n(i£!li».or, north, wn« wIIHdr to la n.c Imvc Lis ..ore an.l a Imlf of .ncmU.w for pn«turuK.- Iml wanted ll.irty.fl,-e dollar, for U.e wason. 1 would not pay that .,ul, Instead, hired a place for "June" In a largo pasture half a „,il<; or n.oro distant, paying twenty d.dlars for the ^-^n. > «/ fifteenth, to Oetohcr fifteenth, an.l fo,.r dollars ">» »"y /"'<''' ^; ing. On the ninth <.( May, the cow dropped a bull ca f -.without . diffleulty. an,l I gave it away the next day No ^P*'^'"'^"™ nee,led o^ given, except a little caution a« to feeding and on the fl - teenth the cow went to pasture. Bhc d*'' '^'""'^"•''f/t ""'^ early In July, heing In pasture during the day, an.l at the Blable at night. Then th., weather grew very hot. the pasture dry, and June be^an to fail rapidly In her milk; bo I '"«'""' "f'i''*'^'"«'tS bran, and offered hay when she came up at night. Later a friend recommended cotton-secd meal, an.l a hundred weight of that was obtained and fed with goo«l resultn, two or three pounds a day. August waa a month of intenac dry heat, and the pasture became of ilttle use except for the exercise, shad.-, and water. In spite of meal and hay fed at night, "June's" yield of milk shrank ^> three quarts a day. and we feared she would go dry. August flfll^ I made the change of B'.nding her to pasture just before six o'clock In the evening, as the boy went after the other cows ami bu iging her up to the stable In the morning, where I kept 1 er during the day. This was an improvement, an.^ also gave better opportunity of feeding sweet corn stalk., ^"g^^^lc trimmings and the like, fresh from the garden. The grain was continued through August, and she ate more or less hay. At the end of th« ^«" J she wa^ giving over a gallon of milk a day Rains came early n »^;trifr,the pastor^ soon became good ^in, and the dady mess of milk steadily Increased until November By hat time she was in the stable for the winter, and the treatment since has been practically a repetition of last year. My root patch in the ^rSen wasenlLged,^L the result of last year's ^^'^P^^en- and accordingly I put eight or ten bushels of carrots m to my cellar In October, covering themwlu sand, and left a fine lot of parsn.ps in the ground. I began feeding the carrots in January, two or three a day.Just forarellsh; gradually Increased them. °nt I m February the cow received half a peck or more and th«» th|n»|inrclia«o» - ^ . ., Vo«r'. expense Z»>..«i^ «6^». M"k®i*«;: ».? J* TSUlb*. ._, 490 Ibf. Ocm-Mcal ^ f 1 100 Ibi. Cotton-KcuMu Ezpcudcd '"-.■.•^ Leu n.y on hud ■'■'"' i .. .M. Butur®'i»c....... ..^ 81.0O Icow prodnctH co8t family $104.98 Comparing this with liut year's statement, it will be seen that although there is a small balance against tlie cow, she is still, all things considered, a profitable part of the domestic establishment. Mat iBT, 1878.— Dissatisfied with the last year's management, and seeing that there would last spring be a large surplus of fine compost on hand, more profitable to mn than to sell, I planned a new arrangement in the autumn of 1876 for keeping my one cow. First I secured the meadow west of my lot, renting It from the owner from October first, 1876, until April flret. this year, for thirty dollars. The acre and a halt yielded about two tons of hay In 1876, btit no rowen; the af.srmath was good, however, when I came in possession. The sotuh end of it, although in good heart, was weedv and uneven. I drove some strong stakes, and ran a wire fence across, In continuation of my southern bounds^, thus cutting off just about a quarter of an acre In rear of my neighbor, south This piece I dressed with compost made the summer Just preceding, and hnd It plowed and cross-plowed before the ground froze. In preparation for a root crop. The soil Is a deep, mellow sandy loam, but rich. Last spring the new root patch was plowed once, well dnjssed fi«m the compost pile of 187JMJ, and that har- rowed in. (There was enough of tbo same compost for my gar- den, and to spare, so last June there was still on hand the manure of about a year's coUection put up in good shape.) The rest of KEEPING ONE COW. 41 t9 73 R.M 77.99 II5.S9 9I.00 the work I wns «blc to do myself. My root-gnrdcn laid ou In r;,w» running nortl. and Boutl., was dividwl as (oliows: cigl»t snuare rods of par.nii« next to nclsl.bor. sot.th on tl.c Moi.c, iero tbey caught the wash from his gar.lcn ; twelve square rods Tf earroU and tea rods of mangolds; in the pomt west o the stream I put sweet eorn at first, and followed it with strai-leafed turnips, ten square rods. Without going into the details of roo- culture which any one who has made a good garden knows all about iT«t into my house cellar last fall fltty-two bushes o( Cg OrSnge Carrots and over forty bushels of Long Yello,v Mancel Wurzcls (these monstrous, twisted, forked roots ore awk- ward things to measure, but there must have been a ton or more Z welght):icf t m U.e ground from twenty to twenty-live bushels of IlSow-cn>wned Fanmips. and harvested thlrty-s.x bushels of EnKlish Turnips. This was more than I had bargamed for. I see now that roots enough might have been raised m my old ganlen ^nd the parsnips would have done much better there, but I sold twenty bushels each of carrot* and turnips for more than enough to cover all expenditures for seed and hired labor. A year ago tonhiy. I turned » June " into her new pasture of an acre and a quarter; the grass was then starting well, and I pre- ferred to have the change gradual. She ate more "rjess h.y until the end of the month. Doors and gat«8 were so fixed that she could IH. in stall, yard, or pasture at pleasure, and could drink »k the stream bordering the meadow. CALVINa AND AFTER-TBEATMENT. On the eighteenth of May, her bag began to swell, and became feverish. A quart or two of watery milk was drawn at inleryals of eight hours for the next three days, and tl.e udder was bathed as often in tepid water, and gently but thoroughly rubbed w.th goose oil In which camphor-gum had been dissolved. Each day. also, 2l waTgiven a quarter of a pound of Epsom Baits, dissolved in a fluart of " tea" made from poke-weed root (Phyl^daeea dseandra), which all druggists now keep in store ; this was administered as a " drench." from a bottle, her head being held up while she swallow- ed it On the morning of the twenty-second, being two days over- due,8he calved, having a hard time. Outproducing without help a fine large heifer. Very soon after, I gave her a bucket of cool (not cold) water, in which was sth-red a quart of wheat bran, a half p^undof liiseed-meal, previously scalded, and a handful of pulver- Eed poke or garget root This mess was repeated at noon, and mM KEEPINO OKE COW. the b.iR mllkwl dry. A litUe lalcr, tho nftcr-blrtli naturally poMcd off ond waa removed. Thu udder remained hot, knotty, und so tender that wlicu tho calf iucked I hud to protect it fn)m tho mother's kiclw, und oJho to prevent it from lakln-? one teat which was extremely sore. Prom this quarter I carefully drew the milk with one of a set of four " milkinff-tulicH," whlcli I bought two years ago to do my mllklnB, but soon discarded ; Iierc tuey canio in use. Just the tiling wanted, but one as pood as four. At nigl' I milked dry, gave a doss of half a pound of SalU, with onooum > .ag was well rul)bcd as before. Tho cow nto some hay during tho night, and a few cabbage sprouto in the morning. Tliat day (twenty-third), she was on tlio iwsturo a Jittlo wiiile, and lail a full bag of milk, but still liot and tender. The calf was separated from tho cow at daylight, and ullowcii>r was rubbed and anointed two or throe times a day, und a little extract of Belladonna added to the oil used. Under this treatment tho in- flammation gradually subsided. As soon as the cow would allow hcr calf to take the tendercst teat, I kept it on that sido as much as possible while sucking. At the end of a week after calving, the udder was again in sound condition. The calf was kept until tho first of June, and then tho owner of its sire took it In full for ser- vice of bull three seasons. Wc then began to get the full flow of milk, and the pasture being good, it was a fine mess daily. At that time, I began to measure tho milk, and have done so ever since. "June" gave four hundred and eighty-two quarts tho month she was flvo years old, an average of sixteen quarts a day. Until the last of July, tho cow got all her footl from the pasture, and one acre would have done aa well aa one and a quarter. For the next live or six weeks, tho grass was hardly sufllcicnt ; it was, for this period, basotl upon the expfriencc of August, 1876, that the corn had been ^irovlded. The ton rods of Mammoth Sweet, three hundred and fifty to lour hundred hills, had been put in at flvo different plantings, a week apart, and the earliest was Just forming ears the last of July when I liegan using it, at first once n lay, then twice. For ea<;h feed, the whole plants of three or four hills were taken, and chopped in a straw-cutter, care and all. into two- Inch lengths. This was eaten with great relish, and during August KEEPING ONK COW. * 43 U,e cow spent most of tho dftyllmo Btandinjc In tl>o stream where shaded by tn-cs ami grazed at night. The pasturage huproTcd amin before Iho corn gave out, so quite a nice piece of winter fodder was saved from the piece. Then all liirough September there was crery day more or less of green-corn husks, carrot and beet tops other vegcliible and fruit trimmings, clean refuse from house and garden, good food for the cow, so that again one aero of pasture would have sufficed. During October, tl.e carrots and mangol(is were harvested, and their iopa gave tlic cow more than she could manage. I also began feeding lumlps tlie last of Octo- ber a few with mangel tops at first, Increasing until she ate more lliaa half a bushel a day, tops and all. Before the ground froze the turnips were piled in tlu; bam, without trimming, and covered with hay; were kept safely until the last were fed, November twenty-eighth. The problem of winter feeding really came up the first of November. I had a large supply of roots on hand of my own raising, and the hay and grain to buy. So I went to the books, Rnd after studying botli practice and science, decided upon the following daily rations for the next six months : Novemlwr first to May first, fifteen iwunds of meadow rowen and clover hay, in about equal ptfts; one pound each of coarse wheat bran and com-meal, mixed During November, one-half busliel turnips and two pounds cotton-i»eed meal; December and January. onchM'f bushel aanoU and one and one half pound cotton-seed meal ; February and March ono-hdlf bushel v'>r more) of mangels and one pound cot- ton-see'd m=al; April, one-ha'.f bushel parsnips and one and one- half pounds cottcm-seed meal; also, one hundred pounds addi- tional hay, and my corn-stalks, for February and March. This plan has been carried out with little variation. Of course the food has not been accurately weighed daily. The grain por- tions kept hi barrels, have been dipped out with tin cups, but have held 'out JuDt about as expected; the quantity of hay and roots has been guessed at. THE METHOD OF FEEDINa and other work at the stable during the winter has been thin: Between six and seven o'clock a.m. stall cleaned, cow brushed off, beddhig and absorbents fixed, the milking done, and then a feed of six or seven pounds of chaffed hay, slightly moistened, and the bran and meal mixed with it. After this, a bucket of water left In the stall except hi the coldest weather. The bucket is fixed near thefeed-box, Boit can not be tipped over, and it has generally been I AA KEEP*''" ^^^ CQ'ir. . „. „.^n At tl the rcgulnr watering, two or then given, ami the cow left for the night. It WD. n y Intention to feed the rootn In two part«, "lonilnK and nliht and I should have preferred thlH, hut my time In the morn- f '^ '.ri Lltol PrenarU the roots over night, they Hometlmea SjLa ould TuTu e Jay at evening, ready ^or the morning froze, hut 1 ««»'"" J /„„^ ^„g about to give out, some of choivfccd. As one """U "' . ^ ^^^ gu.idcn changcB "*^rf Th/elllay am 'Sk^^i^^ for February and Ch we^not u'^ -aciy In those months, but consumed Sg TevTrely cold and windy spells, being added to the usua^ 'l"'and Vt portions. At all ^t--' ;»"« ^^^^ J,^; "^h, iay t>lan full as much as she was ready to cat up clean. 1 he nay KfTon hand a year ago was all used last summer, and before No- i^ra fullSc«:ho( the best rowen and clover hay were ;^So^i:iI™ - thousand six f-«i-i-i,«- r^" four hundred pounds respectively, and there Is a little left It ought also to bo mentioned that while the cow was mainly fed on sweet com, last July and August, I was obliged U> add !^r.»o iHiunds of cotton-seed meal a day, to give quality to '^" nV .»T«r fed d.? at v a As soon as the feeding of car- *i;Ct^^n" Sfs'Safwas Emitted, but it was again needed wienTurn^S^^ere substituted for cam>t and beet tops The «. Jon of mangolds was Increased to about two bushels In three davs beruTthere were plenty of them, and my house eel ar £; ™Xrwlrm they commenced to rot. I was very careful S^'S^^e tie coTo'i; soLd roots. ThUext™ food In February aid March resulted In a better milk record by " June than In the J^o moShs next preceding. I shall feed more vool^ the coming v^ There were more parsnips than could be well used; thoy IZ> not nSded until April, and I sold five dollars' worth, as an rS t^ what the cow got from last year's kitchen garden. The cow goes on to pasture to-day. ThPrefore in review, the cow has been carried through the year wUh tt oie anrone-balf acres n^nted for thirty dollars, and rorty-flve Zlars expended for hay and grain. Against the ma- nure tiU^en for my garden may be placed the cleanings of the JSXtouL. thJcontente of the e«rth-cloee^ and the garden 1 J, two or the \kix ; ho milk- rclty flue !iu. lluy mini; ond ihc morn- ometUucB niorninff ,, gome of I changes ruary and conBumcd the UBunl mder this The hay eforc No- hay were thousand lift as mainly ;cd to add quality to ing of car- tin needed I. The r»- Is in three 0U8C cellar ery careful » February than in the ihe coming used; they orth, as an rden. The gh tlie year lollars, and inst the ma- lings of the the garden KEEPINO ONK COW. •» «.f.im- and iMHl.llnir, ail of which go Into the compost heap. Tlie "... f Ll raZ r..„.aln.. and us all .Mthun b,en hired (Includ- « the plowing of the garden) W.U. paid fro.n sales of surplus i no'furth.T«c<.ountis Utk.n of that, my own t.mo wan wc I IS «* 1»« balance sluH..t shows. La.t August, we ully deter- Zed t.u It would be bettor for the family cow to bo nsU in Stcn..ber than in the spring. The heal of summer is the t no when it is most difllcull to keep a cow proixrly fed for a go.Hl ;:; of rich mUk ..n u IH.ie place like this. U '« ^hc tl-e w .^^^^ milk IS plenty and clu.«p if je^anu^^^ to maimire or ilwptwe of if one niis niuiu "u "•»■■"• S,;i.de to make good butter in dog- Hay left from last yesr » U tool! of Usy iHJiigtit.. . . .. . . • w aSo lb'*, of Cotton-Bci'd Mesl and frclgbi . ? 1891bn. Corn-Mefl ■:•••• i auO lbs. Bran © ' .15 per owt . .a Year'sexpenso f* I RSTITIWS. W gto. Milk aold ttt tvc. . . ». . . 1*1 10 55 m qtii. Sklm-mllkaold at 8*c. .. 11. HO 0() gj)pg tJSS.TO 0" 670 qU. iiiik ■<>»«« ®i«.ii; 12 u5 BO 187 io». Butter made ® SOc. . . . .j_^^ no Yearn rctnm . .j»l»l 0) W Mcmornndnm- ^ CMtkeepIng V^M «J Lcrtwileu W.TO f».» Pins purcha»o»- Miiu. Mllk(a«c^ > J; 531b«. BiKtorOanc '" »* Cow products co«t family t*l.l5 An absolute profit of fifty-five dollars from the cow Is «l'"wn. and a aJSJlsTger saving in family expenses, besides nine hundred quail of skim-mllk aJd butter-milk used in the house and pmd- !5r"5«d»ndglvenaway. The yield of the cow shows "June "to be 40 KBKPIKU OKE COW. ft KiiiHTlor animal, anil that \» what the keopcr of one cow should huvo, for It cimtu llulo luoru In fuoil and can; tliuu an onllnory one. ' But If tho cow had U'lnonly of uu'dlun> quality ond nr»n '«lou»ing, I »»«g«»n wUli i» pUlu frame niabl.- foun.l ui».).» M more. Thrn- U ninnlnit wntrr In tlio yird. The plrnu wompmiyh.;; tl.U i.rtUU-, fl r. 5 I" la li.. luilvp, .how ll»i-«i- arniiiKtnii'aU \xlUt tlimi any .!«• rl|itU»n in wrUhtij. •• Jun." Iiifl lior ttflh «aH H.|>U«ml«r •Ixtli, IHTH, and her ulstU •Jt«illy u y«mr luttr. At tho iHlU cu! Ann Ihcn. wui a " foU" pnwn- UUon," nn.l m v.ry iMrt..u« lln.c. N<. oomiMHrnt nU.rhmriun wn« within path, or tlw) oik? woul.l havo l.i <:i < ttllo.l. Ai It w:;», 1 looked f u^rUullural |m|KTH itna other puhllcBtlon*. w.-nt to work myM^lf, on.l Ktlllnu the . ulf into pn-iK-r ,K.illlon, nucrmli-.l In .ir.Tllng a .hllTiry without ...rlou* .onwiui-nccH. I^t 8.pl.MnlMr'H .alf wim a helf. r, .in(l by a lino nln-. no. an " Junt to have the cow eating while I milk; she should give her wliob attention to the operation, as well qs the udlkcr. Thla certainty that my milk roaches the house ttl)soluUly pure, not only satlsHia as as to our own cream and butter, but makes "Juno's" milk In greet demand In the neighborhood. Our nclghlM.rs so much prefer It to mUkmcn's milk that they arc willing to send to the house for It, ond pay more than the tisual vlllagr> prlcc. Thla adda materially to the profit of keeping ono cow. tlto yard. Ivc, *liow her Mistit Ml |)ri'w>ii> iirian wurt It \vi:ft, t al |m|M'rH Ijf t1|(< t'ulf r without rlfrr, iind lilt iiiitM'd lin wortliy I tliiit they t UM protU- lilrcn iuul tlnfiu'lorir, II iiillkin r. c ulr, uDtl illo cloun. with tepid UHt no uDO oiupli'ti ly, n-rvJi |Kill, " lullking* AURICUL- pn'fi r ii<>t hir wh')b a certainty ily 8allMti(8 Ilk in griM.t prefer It to time for it, niBterially .9 m T tii St s. KKKl'iNO ONK tOW, ^ JOBEPII KAUN1-:ST AND HIS COW "COMFOIIT." A STitllY 01' Tin: WKSTICUX IIKSKIIVK. Dv H. n. Moiinm, < iiaulestown, i-ontAdE co., o. TiKluM.rv ..f l.:«viMt; Ir.s!. milk, man., m..ll .niter, inny bo cnl yc M^ -cry f...uly in .i.y. town, or l.u.nl, .. .h.,l ran ,.rov ^ a ,,, V with ll.o ncusHari-s .■xi-nss.-l in <.no w..ra-g 1 ' c,u"ing t<.wn. Upon this lot ho h.ul hu It a Jma im' "n^fortai.le hous... Hi. wife, the daughter f --^^'^ do rmcr, having- a little property of her ..wn, invested it . tl^^ wa t ot mljoinin,' then.. The ^vlnter previous Josepl> had pu rabnildin:. which was to serve the double purpose of '"^r" ^'J workri. The barn for his visiting friends the workshop or ZS Huekof this building.and adjacent to it was a small hen^ iiimsLii. 1 tent fi few fowls; ot one sido was a shed for too owner ^''8 neat and orderly, as well as thrifty, while wUhln Joseph, How 1 w mil wo i ^^^ ^^^.^^ ^ r '^nd Vrir f wouTd br so mucl healthier if they could ?^' 1 mill^^ uiv want " Joseph agreed wit.i her, and would ^r-S vou know Sry we c.lnnot raise our own vegetables "'^h ^„^,1 Lena cow with only one acre of land." Imagine and frmt. and keep a cow, w. y ^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^^ ''"J 'TSchnfa cow llewassoon surrounded by his family S plSl w Sue^^^^^^^ such as : Whose is she? Where did you £r7 mit will you do with her ? In answer to these ques- get her i ^V hat win yo Durham's this n^om'ng, r^VutSSSy-wttwasbackonthewoxkldidforM^^^^^ 64 KEEPING ONE COW. last fall. I found him feeding liis cattle and made known my errand. Ho said lie had no money at present, but was wanting to sell a cow, and as soon as he could would pay me. 1 asked him which cow he wanted to sell ; he pointed out this one, winch was smaller than the others and seemed driven by them. Not a very large cow, he said, but young, wiili some Jersey blood in her- betler for a family cow than for a factory cow. 1 say Earnest, she IS just what you need, with your family. But I've no place to put her, said I, and I don't know how to lake care of a cow. Non- sense, said he, put her in your stable for the present, and you 1! learn how to take care of her fast enough. But what shall I feou her ? Why the money you pay Churchill for milk, with what you can raise on your lot, will keep your cow right along, and instead of one quart a day, you'll have all the milk and cream and butler you want to use, and some to spare, and, Mary, I thought it would'nt break us up if it didn't prove a success, so I took the cow on what he was owhig me-twenty-flve dollars-and here she is. " Oh Joseph, I am so glad you bought her, I do believe we can keep her," said Mary, "how gentle she 8eems,"-for during the talk the children had been petting the cow, who appeared well pleased with her new acquaintances. The baby partaking of the general animation, crowed with delight, as though already antici- pating the good time coming. " She has behaved like a baby coming over here," said Joseph, " and I declare I begin to love her already. I have always wished tre could live where we could have animals around us, and per- haps wo wiUsome day." Mary said she hoped they could, for 8he felt lonesome for them. "But what shall we name our cow ? For my part I would like to call her ' Comfort, and while •he contributes to our comfort we wUl endeavor to do the •ame for her." Joseph agreed to the name, saying he needed plenty to eat and drink, a good bed and pleasant home, and he be- lieved that animals did too, so he would give her one of his nice roomy stalls in his barn, make her a bed of shavingB from the •bop nntil he could do better. " We have pure water for her to drink, with hay and vegetables to eat, and that will keep her alive untU we leam what she will thrive on best." As this was a " broken " day, he thought they had better get neighbor Manning s horee and carry-all, and drive out to father Granger's. He had always been a good farmer and could tell him just how to care for the cow. A-H were delighted with this plan and were soon enjoying a six-mile drive into the countiy. It 4 KEEl'lNO ONE COW. 55 homo stopped ut the griBt ™"»;f '^'"/Ji"^^^^^ f^r a cow u«t be- thc old gentleman huuI wob about the »f «^J«^',;^^^^i^,d ^ f,ed „( forceominKin. Afleramvlnghone Comfo^ r^c ^^^^^^^ hay and a quart of bran-had "'^""•^^"yr; Sing, and ^vith cleaned. Bome freBh ^^avings gleen j'^ Jor "^ »-'J» ^K'^„j„ ,,,. kind patfl and words ^'f^^^.^^'^'^^^^^^ get thepnvilege d.„g wan talked over. /"^P^/J^'^'ilnuout one half mile of gathering leaves from a woou »eph, laujjhing. " You know 1 ulurted out early this n\onnng to go around l»y MaHon's, to fee ahoul repairing lii« house this next Bum- mir. He Li one. of the liest of fanners, all his htoek look thrifty— everything i« up in order, and he makes farming iwiy. I found him in the stable carding and brushing his tows. That was anew idea to me, and I asked him if be thought it really paid bun to Bjicnd so much time and labor on his cows. Well, Buid be, I>o had the care of rattle nigh on to tldrty years, and I think my card- ing and brushing pay us well as anything I can do, and there i» nothing an animal enjoys more than huving its coat combed." "What did Mr. Mason say about the work."— " He is going to have, his house tlioroughly repaired, and 1 am glad lo sny your husband has tlic job, and he is going to keep lim eyes nnil ears oi>cn and lenm what he can about farming." Joseph had bought u load of fine hay a farmer was taking into town to market, and " Comfort" was now fed hay tlm-e times a day, with two quarts of bran night and moniiiig. At noon there was Bometbing from the house also, lik«' iM)talo and apple peelings, small potatoes, wilted tumiiisor beets, cut up cabbage leaves, etc. Tlie chddren thought it nice fun to feed her at noon. Some loose bars had been put up to her stall wliich was quite roomy, and she did not have to be driven into it by some of the men and all of the boys in the neighborhood, but when the gate of the yard was opened she walked briskly to hersUdl, knowing she would And a good supiicr waiting for her. Humane care, the plenty of food and dr.nk, given n'gularly, have wrought in a month's time a great change in the appearance of " Comfort. ' From being a poorly fed "whipped "cow In a dairy, suflcring all the discomfort of stanchions for eighteen out of twenty-four hours, with no bed but a bare floor— she has come to be a thrifty, happy animal, giving g%^l promise of rewarding her owners well for their care. One morning the tirst week in April, Joseph came m from the barn looking pleased, but a little anxious. " Children," he said, " what do you thmk 1 found at the barn this morning? "— " Oh, a bossy," they said, delighted with the idea.— " Yes, ' Comfort ' has a httlo ' comfort; and she is very proud of it ; but now comes the rub. who 18 to milk, and what is to be done with the calf? "— " Oh," said and will tuki we ges wh ces Ml) sal dal ha wi an W nc ar m ai bi hi Vi W q a c c KEIU'lNlt ONE COW. 67 1 1 W«rv "I L'tirsH 1 have n"t quite forgotten how to milk yet „„a >•"" '^f «;•"" ;;i",-/: „"'„ k out what tLccaJf docs not r'u'';;;rt« n « a "uul lly Mr. Mason'- and ask l.l.nwhat tak.-, and you urn j, / ^^^^ these were good sug- wchadbette dovU t t can. , ^^^^^^ ^^^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^ goHtion., and af l.r « ""^ "^ /^f ^^^ ,, ogru.nnuv-which ^va8 sue- while she pcrlonned l'"^"^ I'-^'V'' "*' ' ^^jk by way of farmer *';TMr if .'you a' caeonMiorveaUt. Don't many but gtUd Mr. »>•.>" way, and I shouUl advise you to let It dairymen follow the '"^^/">' "' „ u^ ^n^ the butcher have all the milk U wants for blui coo wll slxi cue ref cei qu tw sw on Jo wi or m P< P< tl fi C( d o c 1 1 i KKKPINO OXB COW. S9 . wl'h ««. <1UI wo, children T "-" N", iiu1<«J. «">>• ^^1" » ^'^ «' '•'^ *« rvnnaWH."-''L'-kat thl. bui.y. ' ««l.l Mury. "«:.e ...vrr wa. blU8h up|.!.>. You cun't lUlnk what a help th.> ... Ik Is t.. iiA- I c«.ki..K. 1 e:«. alway. have Bomcthlng fr«'sh u...» nice now, .mel It will k'Bsi'n our .neat Mil too." ... i i „ S '.«T<.f the ndghbors wanted to buy milk ; ••Comfort" wn^rlvbR .ixt en luurt. a clay. So four nelshboriuK famllUs were Kupp U.l euTwlt . ..ne quart of ,nllk a day. and after a wn k« tr » Ma y parted «he had .nado live .K.unds of butter that wa.s --. . t wen y cents iM-r P{ IhiU ««mc buck ih quUkly willi iw (I.xhI proUl, us t*u- iHr!>h<>Nph.uo». TlicHc an.J oiIkt f.Tilliz.rH muHt l)f uwd wUU JU(J;fimiii lo K»t ll«" »>«»' ^l•turn^ Iml on ^riivelly «oll, wlih a clay Biilxioll like oum here, it puyn well." Jo..eph uIho iinkt y Bowcil eorn niul moiigel wuraelM. You we this little l(.t at the back of Ih.; baru, It u« tea nquoro roilii, and very rich ground. COKN FODDER. "I iow this to com In drllU about this time (the last of May),iO that it geu well tasselrd by the time pastures begin to get rather dry ns they UHually do after the middle of summer, then I begin to feed, and it helps keep up the ttow of ndlk amazingly. It is a Bwcet, Juicv and nutritious feed, Just the thing for cows. Let mo calculate allttlc. Why E irnest, if your It . rould be mode to produce like this piece, yeds for early vcgeta- bles.) He had provided himself with seed com from farmer Mason's, some mangel wur/xl seed from the seed store, and olso a bag of two hundred pounds of phosphate, of a brand recom- mended by Mr. M. The phosphate was sprinkled in the plow morks, at the rate of three hundred pounds to the acre, as near as could be Judged, the soil in the bottom of the furrow was lightly stirred with a four pronged potato hook, the com was sprinkled in, about eight kemels to the foot [sixteen to twenty is bcttcr-ED 1 and covered about tw() inches deep. One half of the piece designed for com was planted, and the other half left to KEKl'lNit ONi: < OW. •• Iv, (rMtod In thP «ntno way kou.o iwo wockn luior. Tlir lop w';; nmi « on ...el. with u lun.l l.oo. an-l pl.o-p mt • : prlnkl.a Tr." ...or. lilMTally .l.«.. ior .l.c .-rn. TI.Ih w..« hor- .Jl y mU..l will. 11.0 Holl.th.- f..rrow l.c..oml..g nourly hvd Tuh U. " rf «■... A II.U- ^v..s aru^vn by which a U«ht n.urk .va. w n- M.I n ana covn-d a.K.ut one h,.!. .ic.,,,the ..11 '" •"^ l';'- > Invn 11,'htly will. tl... ho... Aft..r »:,vln« .-nou^h ,,ho.phuto for Iho b 1 m ..f lhoiorn.«...l n lil.l.. to c.x...nnu.nl w.U. on Bomo Wo p^KltocH, the rtMnulndcr won Kown bro.ul.uHt <.n ll.« Hovr U M run; ;hort of .ovcrlnK .h. whoU-. and Jo.-ph •'-"« | - touia make a ^o< 1.0 hired ; neighbor to do hU far.n work, and he def; - X I no weeds nhouM have the bc-nettl of hl« f^rtUlzern or ho 1 ; ami .hi« part of his programme was thoroughly carried out during the growing scaaon. SUMMER Ql'ARTEUa. In " Comfort's" yanl wa« a comer formed by the boni on one bWo. tUH.ennrv on an<-aer, and the board fence on a thir.1 x.de. Joseph " a f -.T^Vcor'ner. and about a foot deep of -^;'-;^;- C Lround, and fasU-n.'d a box to the side of the barn for her to cat iut or and here were her summer c.uarten.. Every n.ommg Lf,rmikln" the droppin-,'9 were cleaned up and piled m one S, ^r o th^^a d. As so^n as the clover began to blossom an Zfu wasau'each evenin, and feJ to " Comfort" after her rntjon of drv feed and the mornmg feed was discontin-ied. After the "J>r:!:^la;; enough, that took the place ;_^^<;;-; -''l^S thrcafned ; then it was cut up and bound m small bundles, walcn were set up In large stooks, to cure for winter use. No difference was observed in the first crop of '^"^<;^' '" J^' of the phosphate, but the second c.ttinR was largely benefited by Z use ^ Over onUalf of the fir,t and second cuttings were cured and si.,red m the bam. w.th all of the grass around the yard which wUhTully two-thirds of the stalks, would bo neariy, .f not mme enough coarse feed to lost " Comfort" through the wmtcr. The quite enougu CO . t„.flvc bushels, not a very large yield, r^tfsi^ s1.c^^ "n^^^^^^^^ the soil had not really .K>en LrmSd but one yeaT. The roots were pitted near the barn tor .pnTg ur Some of the com stalk- were set bo as to form a H KEKl'iKO ONK CUW. •lunling roof orer thorn i thnx* «>r four ln« Lm of dirt thrown OTcr tlilH ; nftirwariU rnoiiKli to k.'<|i lliein from frccilng. AlKiiit the nnl of N<.T.n.lKr," Comfort" wtw cmt.ni.hed In win- ter .luurtm In the .lull, at ni«lit uu.l .lurlnR .tormy .lays .m.l lii I ho yur.{ on plcuant doyi. 8ho contlnucl in milk until the mld.llo of F.hruury. on.l wm In frrnh milk Marth eighteenth, wan uttrly •nme food, and a plenllfnl supply of pure water. No domestic anlt^al. In proportion to its weight, nee.ls as much water as a milch cow. She must be kept clean by litter, card, and brush If these rules are observed with Judgment and kindness, very seldom will any help bo needeil at time of calving. If anything goes wrong there is no bctur rule than to uso one's commou sense, Uktog the advice of experienced neighbors. " To cconomlM manure, an obundance of good lifter ihould be used and tho compost heap kept under cover, if possible ; at any To not under the eaves of the bam. If. with thj, home-made manure, your land docs not produce all it can, and y««7»»»«^ buy somi fertilizing material, your first choice should be good rtable manure; if you cannot get that reasonably, use some re- Ible brand of commercial fertilizer. Have your cow 'come In when it will be most for your profit or convenience avoiding hot weather. The calf may be killed when one to three days old rig its hide and rennet; tt nmy be kept unttl five or six week. S f!d on new m.lk. and ' vealed,' or «.ld for that purpose, or t maybe raised on skim-milk (after it is three or four week, old), and sold In the fall to some farmer. » Milking should be done gently but qnlckly, as near twelve hi w if c< a al KIBPIKU UMI <'0W> W' hoiim r.i>«rl m p.)«#lblc. Milk < l«..n but do n..t " •trip ;" «iat^ whoh- hnnd, and imt (!».• thumb and Qnnur ludy ; ulnif i>r wliMMk If you want to whllo milking j If you aro good frUudi. wllb ywf cow. ilH' will i'ljuy It. " »ln<>o till' Ant year I hayp not ImiurIiI any coawti tvc^\. and only a Utile firllllJMT for «ra»i and (lover, Hie row nnIk furni»hln« ■II Hint Uncedetl for the plowed ground, and thin lunt year I huvo a lurplua of fml. I tell yoH, frlendu, iny cow In the be»t aaTlni^ bank I ever knew." Tlib aud luuvU mom lald Juacpb Eurnciit to \\U nel.^hlHtra. ng.u. A OOOD STABLE "TIE.' Mr. I). C. Kenyiin, of CarlM)ndalc, Pa., def«erlbof a eonvcnient home uiudo Htablo Tie o« f ■Uowi; Our tie, of which we send you u mlnialim' suniplo, Im made of threc-elKhth» Inch rope, whieh in bruided into an ln)n rln(j sliding freely up lUid down a |XMt HCt ehmn to the manger or feed-box. There la a knot or frog on one end, and a loop m the other. The ends pas» on each Hide of the co w'h ncik, agd the knot la fillpp«>d throuj?h the loop which moy be made tighter by twlrttlng. Similar fnslenlnga made of chains with iinaphooks may be iMJUght at the hardware stores, Imt such an om an Is here (IcacrilxKl will last a long time and answer every purpow. L 1 N show that thU can IH, done on Imtban one aero, by ralHln« lb« proper '•r'»l'-. "'|; iri-atlnir th.< noil •" tb« U-»t adruntaac. Acow of ordinary hI/.i wl I conaumo ub..ut eleven tbonnand poun.U of luy or it. «'l»'vuK^nl,. Id a year. The eqnkalent of tbla amom.l of h .y l^ln |x. atiKS, thirty tbouaand eight hundred poun.l-. or .Wo bundr. am l^r teen buabelH. and In Indian corn, .even tb.m.n- -'v ' '" ^ nound«..r on« hundred and tbirty.«.ven buH.eU. > '«_-*'' l'"'" TuIJ cannot IH, raUed on one acre, and If we examine the ta de. of cqulvalenU of food, we rind that nwmt of thcKra.HeH. /jralnH ^d ?^l-.. are objectionable on account of nnproductivenesH. want S "rfflclent nutritive qualltie.. or of the labor that tUc cultlvatloa of tbeui requires. VALUE OF AKTUnOKKS. There in however, a root, or tuber, an aero of which aflfords eoi;; JnourU^lnt \o .u.tala two cowb, with lejj ^boMhan U employed In raisini? an acre of polaf^es-and that root is tbe jSem Artichoke ^lJeliant^u, tubero,w,). We can depend upon an ^^rago yield of from one thousand to one thouBand two lum- dedSelHof these tubers fron» an acre of land rich enough to prTduc" fifty buHbels of corn. Pound for pound they are eq mi fn nutritive qualities to potatocB. One cow can therefore be sub- it^d a year in five hundL or six hundred bushels of the tube™ a Quantity that can bo raised on half an acre of land. But Hinco :,r roou do not keep over sua.mer. and as «.« cow wm not thrive on them alone, it is necessary to supplement them with dry odder during winter, and to subsist her on other forage durln? summer With the ^Id of this plant, threcquarters of an ac.. of llnd under hli;h cnlUvation. will nourish a cow during tho whole V til ai It o o ll t! n > I t 1 T KKKt'lMO OWK COW. ^^ •,«r »nd Iti*^ loU will iKvoine rlcli without any olhrr maimro lh..i. 1 with » n or . l.lM.r Urn., h i..v..lv..,l lu or.ll.ury l..nu - ul ur-. of 11.0 MM.ll.> Hlali-S a lllil.- .urllor ll.:m l!.- .lr»t -f M..y. .,fi ll.y f.-Un, l...r .FrruK..I.M» AriUL-.U.- uml a lUHo Uuy or , ;.. yfo,l.l.r.l.rou«h.lrsvlnt.r «..-l ,urt of ^t'''^; ""' - ! luT Willi «r.on ry, dov.'. uu.l Kr.ni.orti f.Hl.l-r. Hm" n.l . f /o yci Tlfrl.,nmmof uu u.-r. will. u-uWr Ju.li.i.u. .r.-ut- ";.;•' I ...11 1.. not la «oo.l ,.o,„ll.l..:. to l,..,ln wU .. . Imt Ln.l.yof b...l ..my. for. y.arortwo. In, '7'' '''"V, f;' '; Im.J, una It will Hum. Ik, ...c.nary t.. H.ipply Ih.' a- 11.' ... y ir.?n other noun. »; but l.y proprr .«.u.u^......nl H... I.....I wlU ... llluZ... nt for t:.« cow. wUUout p.-turo or out-Ulc M dtUur l« fooil or umnuru. Huppo.„tl.at tt umn ow.». « «•'•«"' '"'^•''"'" , '''';• ""I.'' " lar«.r that 1..^ l.«. i.re.M,u«rtrrH of an a.- roof '«;./ 'J " ■ third of It. „..i«oly. lun.l m.c lly^^r will b. W..II rop«l.lfortl.«expc„«,. lu tho Kup-dor MuSvoncHi of the Holl. All tl.o lan.l. .x-.-pt ng the .•l-mT. So be plowed, aud ....CHixlh of the laud, that i-".-.. U? l.th o an m'rc should bo sowed with outa, with about ono-l.alf buHhel o leer 6 .e quart of clover seed, and one pint of timothy sml ! . uld be Howii on the oats. The oats ar. raised o.dy durluR tl.o fl tyn' ycT eJnVBuhstltuted In after years, and the tl.nothy .s Sled or tie purposoo^ Increasing the haycrop ta the «.«.,nd v.ar One thiil of the lan.l (one-quartcr ot an acre) nho dd bo , "ted in Jerusalem Artichokes. c«rly lu tl.o season Th.s .cm. £,S be planted Inhllls. three leet apart -'l ^^^^ ^ ^'^^f Hit bf.th ways. As the land Increases In ferllllty in future yiars, depth of two or three Inches with earth. I rf- 1^1 I ii KEEPIN(» OWE COW. As soon 08 tho ccasoa Is fnr enough advanced, onr-slxth of the ph)t (oDO-cighth of 111: acre) nhoiild he planted In nwcct cori. Ono half of the eorn sl.duia ho net out very early, and the rest nl)out four weeks later, so an to extend lis Rrowth, and eonserimntly its availability as green fcdder, over a longer jteriod. Tlie furrows B'.iould 1)0 three feet apart, and the com planted in drilla, [sixteen to twenty kernels to the foot— Ed.] Aftcrwanls the com should 1)0 cultivated two or three timea, and kept clear of weeds. When the corn fodder is all disposed of, the corn patch should be plowed, and seeded with about a peck of rye, and a pint of timothy seed, and in the following spring a quart of clover seed should be sown upon the rye. These crops will give the land a complete rotation eveiy si.x years. The following diagram indicates the proper suc- cession of the crops and shows the plot of land divided into six equal parts, containing one-eighth of an acre each : _W^or.J »»d[^r«orJ3f^l^lVwr.J_4rt (Uh Year. ^ I Com. Ilyi'. C'lcivcr. ArtichokuH.' Clovor. |Arl]cliokc». GaU. Clover. IJorn. Ryo. . Artlchokca. Clovor. I Artlchokca. Com. ArtlcliokcR. Kyc. Clovor. Com. I Rye. Ryi'. i:orii. Articliokca. Clover. Rye. Corn. Artlchokca, Clovor. Clover occupies two parts, rye one part, and Jerusalem Arti- chokes two parts every year. Clover follows rye; rye follows corn; com follows articliokes; and artichokes follow clover. Every year one-half of the clover, namely, the two year-old clover patch, is plowed, and planted in artichokes. The latter must be planted anew, and not be allowed to grow as n " volunteer crop," but must be regularly cultivated, and all the plants that come up between the hills destroyed. The manure derived from the cow during the winter, should be spread In »pring on the land intended for corn and artichokes, and plowed down, and that made In summer should l)c applied to the rye and clover patches in fall. Ashes and a moderate quantity of lime, spread on the clover patch early in spring, will be bene- ficial, and a peck of gypsum scattered on the young and growing clover, will answer an excellen. purpose as a healthy stimulant of ita growth. The spring time of the first year must be tided over with hay until the clover is large enough for soiling. Green clover Is then i' ^.j^..^^ imuaf nL%Tmi1frs^ -'-' I I I •sixth of the t com. Ono 10 rest al)out iHC'(|iu'ntly its Tiio furrows rilln, [sixteen com Bhouid ecds. AVhen Id Ijc plowed, limotliy seed, Quld be sown [)lctc rotation c proper 8UC- idcd into six I (ith Year.^ driver. rusalcm Art!- ; rye follows dIIow clover, ear-old clover ittcr must be untccr crop," that come up ter, should be •tichokes, and ipplied to the ;rate quantity will be hene- ; and growing ^ stimulant of •verwith hay :lovcr is then \ i-M.ii ii i.'.i m ; w i ^'j; ',^g ; 1 t 1 ■ f*.^?t^'»«'^ii«I**4?t*»««*'"«*''' ■ L. I • Vf li t i n ii ' .»" * afe i itBi':;^;|;^8^ ' -^ i, nri- . '' i i '< «i « i i ii witi' i >!u i a .' jiaAiu|i .| , '.' 'y KEEPING ONE COW. 60 fed to the oow nntil the onts nre Biifflciently advnncod. The onta arc then used us long ns they are fit for the purpose, eultlng them a second time as far as practicahlc, and the resulue, if any, is cured for hay before it gets too ripe for tliat purpose. Tlio same course is pursued with the ryn in the following years. Tlie clover should be cut for hay rather early, in order to get it m the best possible condition, and to insure a good second, and per- haps a tliird crop. All the aftermath not used in soiling, should be converted into hay. When the oats are exhausted, clover is fed until the com fodder is large enough for use. This is fed until the ears make their appearance, and what is then left is cut and cured for dry fodder during winter. After the green com fodder is all consumed, there will be a growth of new clover in the oats stubble the first y ir, and in the rye stubble in after years, with which the cow is soiletl until the artichokes are ready to feed, and If any of the new clover is left by that time, it is made into hay. The artichokes are fed raw ; in winter, with hay and other dry fodder, and as long as they Inst in spring. In the second year soiling begins with rye. and continues a:ter. wards through the season the same as the first year, and alike course is followed In succeeding years. FEEDING ARTICHOKES. The artichokes will grow until fiwt kills the stalks and a patch of one-quarter of an acre, when the soil is m good condl- tlon will yield a yearly average of between two hundred and fifty and three hundred bushels of t'xra. They can be fed before thev are quite ripe, in which case the cow will eat up the whole plant-root, stalk, and branch. She must not have access to a heap of the tubers, lest she surfeit and seriously Injure herself. As long as the whole plant is fed, she should not be allowed more at a time than she will cat up clean, for If she gets more she will eat the tubers, and refuse the stalks. In fact she wdl prefer these tubers at all times to any other food. She should therefore receive a certain allowance, say a peck or n little more, three times a day so that she will cat up the stalks, and also a small portion of other forage with them. In winter and spring she will consume a bnshel or more of the raw tubers a day, together ^f eight or ten pounds of hay or other dry food. Her ration of artichokes should never be so large that she wlU reject other food. Artichokes can he fed lor about eight months of the year, say from the first of October to the first of June, during which time i ! ! :• { ■ ■■■ 70 KEEPINa OHE COW. tho COW will consume two hundred and forty buBhcIs, or more, of tlicni. These, with the hay and other dry fodder, will k- before that period, in order to carry her safely through the crisis. After she has the calf, kIic may rcccivo warm brun-mashcs for a day or two, containing ii little <.f her own milk, and sliould not be fully fed for the llrst few days. This treatment Is all that is required before and after the period of calving. The cow will generally pass through tlds event in safety, without aspistanec. Should there, however, bo a false presenta- tion, or other difficulty of parturition, the best thing tlie owner can do, If he has no experience in the matter, is to call to his aid a veterinary surgeon, or a neighbor who knows what course to pursue in such cases. As long ns tlie cow is fresh, and yields a largo flow of milk, sho should bo milked three times a day, early in the morning, at noon, and late in the evening; afterwards two milklngs daily, will bo sufficient. She should bo fed, watered, mllkrd, carde^l, and kd out of and into the stable, at the banic hours every dny. She should not be beaten, or pelted, cr harshly spoken to or dealt willi In any manner. Kind and considerate trcatn.cnl inspires her with confldence and contentment, makes her the pet and delight of the household, and is rewarded by an abundance of wholesome milk. But there are many matters of detail In keeping a cow, which it is hnpossiblo to notice in a limited essay like tills. If tho owner de- sires to be fully informed on tho subject, he will do well to pur- chase a few books that treat upon the subject. Tho stable for the cow should be worm, dry, well ventilated, and large enough to contain two or three tons of hay and litter, together with other material to be described lur-aftcr, besides a stall for the cow. and room for the calf. If tho ;. ^ ner of the cow has !i stable that fulfils these requirements, it wdl answer hiti pur- pose if he makes a proper stall in it. If iie has no stable, and can- ii. Mi irofl table to iiiilU or the out rccom- ny liiit( hiT- t liDW soon lest) bill.' will loil, or until ;litw('rl{8 of ! tuiliiiU'd a to carry her may reccivo lof licr own tlnyw. Tills 10 iicrlod of nt in sufcty, 8C jirrscntn- r tlie owner til to his iiid it course to of milk, she in/j;, at noon, nily, will bo le^l, anil kd ry day. She jt dealt Willi ires her with clightof the csomc milk. V, which it is ho owner de- well to pur- 11 Tcntihted, ly and litter, tcr, besides a iT of the cow Hwcr hit! pur- able, and can- KEKPINO ONE COW. W not afford the pxpensc of building a £;ood one, he must at least have II proper stall to Hiive the nmnnrc of the cow, and to shelter her from flic Inclemency of the weather. A stable that will fully answer this purpose, should be at least fourteen feet square, and about twelve f«'el hijrii to the eaves, and should have n loft for ntoriuf,' hay. The annexed flgures represent such a structure lu outline : Figure 17 is a groun i plan, and shows that the lower story is di- vided into two part*!, S, representing the stall, and It, all tho remaining portion below. The stall is ten feet long, and should be five, or nearly live feet wide ; .V, represents tho manger, which is aboiit two feel deep, eighteen inches wide, and in length equal Fig. 17. Fig. 1& to the width of the stall. The cow is tied to tho manger with a halter or chain ; 7', is c trough in the manger for feeding roots, salt, etc., and is about one foot wide, eight incites deep, and in length equal to the width of the manger. Tho floor of the stall slto'uld slope a little to tho rear, and must bo water-tight, so as to conduct the urine of tho cow into the brine-pit, R The floor may bo composed of cement, or of two-inch plank closely fltted together. Tho brinc-pit, D, consists of a water-tight box made of plank, and should be about one foot wide, six incites deep, and in length equal to the width of the stall. This pit is sunk into the ground so that its top is on a level with the floor, in order that it may receive all the liquid discharges of the cow that are not absorbed by the litter. If the floor is laid in cement tho pit may be made of the same material. The object of the brine-pit is to save the liquid manure ; to accomplish which the latter must be retained by some absorbent. S ») tl KEEPINO ONE COW. ' * ( i il Dry earth Is utcd for this purpow. At flnit the bottom of tho i, i» fovcrcd with dry ourtli. ami m wnm iw tlil" l-* niolst, more lurlh Is aiUloil until the pit 1« full of the fmturuli'd Hulmtunee, when the latter Is thrown upon the oonipoHt hcup, and tli< name priH-eHS repeated A door U placed ut >; for adn>lltln>f the cow, and earry- inK away the manure. The partition between .s' and li may bo made of IwardH or rails, and need not be over four feet hl!,'h. The division, It, Is used for kccpinj? Utter, dry earth, artUhoko roots, Rrcon fodder, and the calf. It should have a door at nomo convenient place for entrance from the outside, and a whitlow with a Klttss-framc, preferably on the south side, it is in comnmnlca- tlon with tho stall by means of a gate at rf. Figure 18 Is a view of the gable-end, /-, representing the loft for storing hay and other dry fodder. Tho loft has a shutter In one of the gablc-cnds or sides, and a ladder or steps running uj. to U from within, for convenience of feeding. /', Is a post hi tho corner of the manger. The other letters In figure 18 Indicate tho same parts as In figure 17. .. , , , . The cow-yard will be large enough If It contains an area of two BQUcre rods; but It can be made smnowhat larger with advantage. It ought to atUoln the stable so as to give the cow direct access to the stall • and ought to be shaded by trees In order to afford shelter to the cow from the direct rays of the sun In summer. Tho cow should bo kept In tho yard only a part of tho day, and tho rest of the time she should be In tho stall. Tho stall-dor , should »)c left open when she is in the yard, so that she can ent«r tho stable at will Some manure will be lost by suffering lier to run In tho yard; but tho benefit that she will derive from it, in health und contentment, will more than compensate for tho loss. MAKI^n AND SAVING MANURE. The compost heap may bo kept In the cow-yard, and must bo In the shade. It should, therefore, bo placed on tho north side of the stable and trees should be planted east and west of It. It must not be under cover nor washed by running water, nor receive tho wcter from the roof of tho stable ; but the rain should fall on it directly from the skies to promote decomposition, and to prevent tlie escape of ite volatile constituents. The manure of tho stall, and the saturated earth of tho brinc-plt, are mixed together to form tho compost heap, and all the refuse material of the farm, garden, and yard, should be thrown on it. It ought to be kept In a com- pact body, level on top, and protected by boards on the sides to , . jija ! i&WijJiji i i»Mi5lmJ»ajaMit iB WW ii iwi'i»»«W !w KKEi'INU UKK iOVf. n torn of tlip |. iitt, more I'urtli incc, when the HIIIUC procj'ws •ow, uiul carry- und It muy bo led lll!,'ll. artli, articlioko 11 door iit Homo u window with in cunununica- Ing the h)ft for Hhultcr in ono inning; up to it mt in tlio corner licato the Buuio . an area of two irith adviintaj^e. direct access to to afford slielter mer. The cow and the rest of should )>o left ;r the tttabio at ' to run in the , in health und )S8. IE. , and must be In north aide of the f it. It must not nor receive the hould fall on it , and to prevent lure of the stall, I together to form he farm, garden, e kept in a corn- on tlie sides to prevent It from Nprradlng. No nHlicH or lime ihould ever hn upplic'd to it. licgnrdin);; the niatcriiil for uliNorbin); tlic li(|uid cxcn-tiunri of the cow, notlilng better run be foutid tlian pri'pnr<v weight) of the forage oathwcd at Bcchelbronn in Its ordinary stuic contained : m,ierul8ubUancf.,. A*>te. Fho,. Acid. Ume. Ikme ^rth. Potatoes. 9.84 8 ^0 i u" ^ ^ Beet, l^ fJH 86 .63 .73 Jfrusulems, *»••• "■'" u i i Arniin n 440 — " Seventh experiment— with a cow two hundred anl^netydaysa'ter calvlng.-In this trial tl,e ration consisted ^ li-J rirh nfiM\ucc# lulior. Ktwlc »i;iinli'ii was y llirco yt-ani, ilthouxli for a y core i)r imy I fjinHlni'tivc , ihf^t in ortlcr little .iiiinurc. iv«'N uml HU-nn uU p«T mn." ulciu puintoei 1 ffr<'( lily, und M).8 poumU of ren poi.inlHof il t(>r thi'in oM of buy, cloven 0,1 and a halt ivinp; ben no- were wcit;hcil, (bed again I MeiM per hnt tn thlrly thnv p«>tinil« of bay, iKKirr wlmh tin iiulk may In- muhI l<> liiiv>- ri'muliinl mIh >nury, tb'itiith It w!iiialKiv<- nithrr ihiin nnilcr the *\\ pintH |Hr dteui, m ill the i«ii(ib ptpcriiiKOt," 'with Iiiih |HitiiiiH>s) I riinniilf r, thfrt fori', ihnt.iu i onlmx iiMM|M'riin»'nt and iinulyM*, the J'Tumil in ArtichnU"' m fully ciiuiil tu tlif pot.nio ■•< f'XHl ftir eiock, nnd Krcully nujierior to Ih'PIm, tiirnl|>!«, luid carrot!*. In the rpirtiiicn that I barn prcwnhcd for the cow, I IiutpkIv' ii tbo Jrru iwlcm Arli<'h<'k«i tbo imfrrtnco ovrr all oiIht root*, Ik-chuho I (ioi'm It »up(i| >r lo tbcm in nil le^jKH-tn. It ciiitiiiiis inon- milri- mt'nt tbiui nny of tlipm, «X(C'ptlin{ tbe p»iluto ; il i4 Uhh rxbuustivo of tlio soil, and mum offlt (uioin in Improvlnsf it ; it produces a larKi^r crop '. H ia lexa iiablo to failure in mlvorHU weather ; it kccpa bottur and with i>!M rare ; it in eaten with n i;if titer i lisb by sttjck ; and It reiiuirea V^n labor In cultivating, liarvfHtlnjr, unil fcodini; it Analysis hii Hhown (lull it contalnH its carlMinat^cotm |,>rin( iplcs in the form of sugar instiii I of starch, 14.8 partH of uncrystalliziiblo ■ugor having boon found in ono hundred parla of tbo tulicr, It baa DO stirch c.fWn to bo broken up by iMilling, in order to inukc It a digestlblo aliment ; and b'lw largo soever tbc tulicni may lie, they can lie fed without luii ' i , IntosliccR, on account of their frntril- itj and brittlen' >)<, bcln r mustli atcd by tho cow without dlfllculty or dan>ji r of cli king. The Jcruaalem Artichoke is little known and cultiratod In tbia country, and its merits arc not fully apprroiutcd any where. Tho reason probably li bciau(«e then is but u llmiltHl demand for It in the market. But it should not be neglected on that •• count ; for it la not the Iohh valuable, liccausc tbo proflta derireil 'roni It ara indirect. It should never be raised a.<4 a volunteer cr< , a^ ir too often the case, but should be regularly planted and worked liko other products. I have diHCUH.H>'d this plant as adrnntageous food for "one" row, and I may add that it is equally meritunous for any num*- of cowa. But its advantages do not stop here. Horses, c de, ^hecp, and swine, thrive and fatten on it, and tho millions of acres o tliaustcd and dctirioratod lands, that descend as a profitless inheruanco from y^neration to genentlon In tho Eastern and Southern States, can be Improved niid kept fertile, with profit to the farmer during the process of reiK-vatlon, with- out the aid of artificial fertilizers or imported manun m, by feeding the tubers of the Jerusalem Arlichuko to stock on the farm. I n KKKPIHO ONK COW, I VIEWS AND PRACTKK OF A IMIACTK.'AL FAUMKH. ■t r. «. OOTT, XPBNt'BHPOttT, H. T. nriTlnitbflen a practiral farmer all in? life, with coniUlerBblo extRTioncc in llio care of niock ami ilairyinK, I Rivo you Iho rc«ult of inv <'xpcrl«'niii<-nt wliirii would lio prolltubly adopUMl by ono wo.iUl bu iitlerly Impraclicnblo for ftnoilier. In my own ca»o I bavii oboul oiio wro of lanil, ono half of which I w?t aport for production of food for my cow, wlillo the rcmaiadtr itt occupied by the bulldlnRs in part, and tlio rent u devoted to tbo culture of small fruitii Without this land I should be obliged to hire ray cow ptt»lurcd tUrough the summer, at a cost of alwut fifty ccnU per week, which I nm now obic to MTe by practising a system of soUlng. The advantages of which are numerous. PROFIT IN BUYING PART OP TUB FEED. 1 am aware thai tho amount of land which I hove devoted to this purpose is Inadequate. One acre would be none too mucli to aupply a cow with food through the year, but I can roalizo more profit by purchasing a portion of the necessary food and devoting part of my land to the culture of small fruits, the amount of money received from the sales of which, will more thon pay for the feed that I could raise on the same land. My barn (figs. 10 and 20) is ineipensivo, yet it answers every purpose. It consists of a l)ox-pen for the cow, an op«!n shed and a plg-gly, the whole covered by one roof, and occupying a space twenty feet In lenjr th by fourteen feet in breadth. It i» constructed of hemlock lumber. The pofits on the front are twelve feet in hight, while thoae on the back side ore eight. It is boarded ver- tically and battened on the sides, and the roof is also covered with rough boonls, laid on double, breaking Joints so that no woter can leak throuifh. The box for the cow is eight feet by ten, and is six feet and four Inches high in the clear. At^jolnlng tlii * is o feeding passage four feet by eight. The arrangement of dooi ^ is shown m the accompanying sketch. The middle portion of the building is an open shed, and Is sevan teet wide by fourteen feet long. It is used principally for storing dry muck and -«l.so as a cover for the manure pile. Adjoining the open nhed is the pig-pen. While the partition between the cow-stall and shed is carried up to the floor JYTWXL condtlerablu ou tho rciult ich would lio lU'ticablo for of land, ODO for my cow, part, and tbo )ut this land thcRumtncr, now al)lo to kgci of which ED. c devoted to 3 too much to I rcalizo uioro and devoting 10 amount of I tban pay for nawcrs every en shed and & ftylng a space Id constructed wclvo feet In boarded ver- ) covered with t no water can ten, and is 8lx is is a feeding a in sliown in :be building is ' !et long. It is , cover for tho n. Wliile tho up to tbo floor I MBKI'INO ONB COW. m B.^^, making a tight lion •«»», tliat b«t'«)r«'ii the pigsty mA sheil It onl'v liullt four feet from the ground, lcnvb position, we muKt endeavor to brins up the hind U-rh and deliver U In that poalthm. It fre(pieiitly occurH in this position, im well us some- times In the nalurul one, that tnictlon will Imve to be applied. In such cuscs it should be applied simultuneously with the throes of the cow. In rare coses It becomes necessary to amputate portions of the fa>lus and bring them away separately, which opiratlon should iM! left to the veterinary siirfieon. In fact, whenever as- sUlance is required, it is better to employ the services of a compe- tent surgeon, if such can bo obtained. But where professional nsslstancf cannot be obtained. It Is much better to use one's own judgment than to depend on the village cow doctor, wholsusunlly one of the most ignornnt persons in the community. Happily, cases requiring any assistance, where a single cow is kept, arc rare. For Mamitis or garget I have given successfully the following powder twice daily : Pulverized Digitalis, one drahm ; Nitre, one ounce; Cream of Tartar, one-half ounce ; mix and give in tiio feed. If the bag is caked and hard, let the calf run with the cow for a few days. I do MOt consider it profitable to raise the calf, therefore I dis- pose of it as soon as possible. There are always plenty of farm- ers or farmers' boys v.fho arc glad to buy a good calf to raise, and will willingly pay one or two dollars for llie same, and take it right away. I prefer to raise and fatten a pig instead. ACCIDENTS AND FAILURES. It is no more than fair for me to say concerning my plon of feed- ing, that I have occasionally been obliged to modify some of the details, on account of unfavorable circumstances. For instance, I have been forced to cut grass from the highway in front of my house, to supply a deficiency in some crop, caused by unfavorable weather, or some accident or other. In the spring of 1878, my clover failed to catch, leaving me to make up for the loss of that crop as well as I could. It was certainly most unfortunate, ina-s- much as it seriously interfered with the whole system of rotation. To carry out the plan of soiling successfully requires considerable time and labor. And on the whole, unless one has plenty of the former at his disposal, and a good wholesome inclination for the latter, ho could do full as well to adopt the old time practice of having his cow pastured by the week, in which case no other labor than milking would be required, while, if she were allowed a feed of meal or bran at the time cf milking, night and morning, very satisfactory results would be obtained. % ' . ^-JWSi "^xr KKEI'IXU ONI COW. OXE year's BEaiLTH. To rIkiw what 1 Imro net ompliikcd by it, I will kIvc an oe* count of tld' j>ro(!iii;l» of my onv " Polly," for lli<« your omllng April flmt, 1880, together with » xtnl< neat of Iho notiial cxpcnRca of her keeping. Hi siiles whut was v. •«.(! in a fmiilly of fniir, I have mjIiI one hundred and Bixly-nine |>oundt4 of hutti i, at an overage of twenty eentii ittr pound, which amnuntM to Ihirty-thi"' dollurH and eighty ccnta ; eight hundred and twenty-eight quart!* of milk, at nix ccntH per quart, forty nine doilara anvn tolwu in carina (or my p^t cow, m>. i "» pro. t'HUn«f.>rheruuiii«,Bnd tb« pride Ifi-.l in , xhibitlng bmh my cow and the delk'lous rich milk ond yellow butter, with which Mui to bouniifully supplies «>. uni|dy repays me f-r my part of the labor. I hiivo made no account of uulng com .i.imtcd f<'o«l, such us oil-eiikc iiid «otton seed meal, for the reiwon thai I Uavo had very little » xpcrU'iicc In the u>.' of «1h m. Whenever an unlninl has become thin on.l poor, the^ 'rUcles of foo.l may Im. used to BdvantaRC to Increase the fli .. u d bring t Ik: ..irnnl Into good condllL.n. Hut I never lot my cow rot poor, and I II.. .1 that good hay, ulth com. oal*,and brm, anHwors every purpose, -' '^ fully adetiuato lo all her requirements. My systei of rot n Is as follows : The one-eighth acre of clover sod of ii preceaing year is well manured either durlnR the n^ inter <.r in Hh- spring. an4 well flttiHl up and sown to beets or man-re! Thi crop occupies the land during th. whoh' sowon. The «;i.>. plot Is again plowed the next sprlnK for sowed . orn. After this crop Is oH' it Is again mnnurtd and sown to rye, and the following spring ta opaln seeded to el ver. It is kept In clover one year, yiel.ling two cnps .luring the H. uMon, after which it is trcotcd as before. Eoch .f the four plotH undergoes the same treatment; thus a complete rotation it established. .. j w»-*^yi*6 .■ ^ j \i^. Oi u oxB cotr. KEEPIXO A COW ON CAPE COR •r M. T. T. MICKBHMON, lODTU OBNMIII, Wo llvo \n aswtlon of rnuntry wlu-rc naturu hoa not boon IotIMi with licr K'ft"- Our noil In ii;in nr«« nol tilliTH of the im)II. LIvIdk, iiii wc do, within iound of the Atlantic mirf, w It bfttl* lt« t'vioro than one. Wu keep a good grad« Jt'rw'y, ami will give our way of keeping one cow, haTliig learned long ago, that »took of any kind paid for good care. Keeping a lot of cattle or hogn, or poultry, and •imply feeding what wo happen to have, or what we can buy cheap, leaving them to shift for themwlve* m cold and stormy weather, or giving them wet uncomfortable iitablcs, always rcHulla In dlieaso to the utock and loss to the owner. Wo bOW ao early m the spring as tho ground is In condition to work, forty rods with a mixture of oata and peas, and forty rods in spring rye. We commence cutting our oats and peas as soon as the pens begin to bloom. Where wo have a good stand, a rod per day, divided in three feeds, morniog, noon, and night, is gen- erally enough. As soon as we have cut about ten rods we plow under the stubble, and plant Early Minnesota Sweet Corn— rows two and one half feet apart— lulls two feet in the rows, leaving two and three stalks in a Ulll. The next ten rods wo serve in the same manner. If our rye Is now grown enough to cut with profit wo commence feeding it, and cut the balance of our oaU and i)ca«, . nd cure them for winter. If our rye Is not fit to cut for soiling, wo continue to use our oaU and peas until it is, and then cure for winter what is left. As soon as the last of our oata are off, we plant about four rods with beeU (mangel wurzel). Wo prefer the Globe varieties, as tho yield is better on our soil. The balance of our oat-andpea ground we sow with Hungarian gross. As soon us wo have cut ten rods of oiir rye, we manage as with our oats, turn under the stubble and again plant sweet com. The earlier tho variety tho better. Wo prefer the Early Minnesota. As fe3L r COD. » not ttcon IbtUIi iiTH puyliii; <'rii|m H'lir to being (iiii« LIvIdk, 11* WL< du, L'vitrlnatlnK nico*- li nnil i-uriy tnini- [ucntly HtrL'tchluK IoIm'. Few, vi'ry upUi do not ki'c'p (> more tliuo on«. r way of keeping )f any kind paid t, or poultry, and ^liat wu cun liuy cold and otorniy cs, alwayit rcHulta In In condition to H, uiid forty rodii and peas ai) soon HW{\ Htund, a rod md niKlit, |8 gun- un ro in the Hamo ut with profit wo ur oats and i)eaa, mtinne to use our r what 18 left. Aa ut four rmls with Turletiea, as tho Dt-und-pea ground e manage as with sweet com. Tho ly Minnesota. As ^mtm^ms.^,^^l^^^ ; ,l4}^.i^^^J§] y:.,, j" ■ ■' .» ■ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. C'/ V ^ /^^ 4^ .'< /. ^ A'.'^ #. ,-^< '^. ~^'% 1.0 I.I 1.25 121 IIII25 >■• ly |||||22 m ~ 12,0 IlliW 1.4 III 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 33 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTi:R,N.Y. 14580 (716) 87'2-4503 \ 'o, V lV ^ N> O^ ^ :^ '•i^ f^. CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut canadien de microreproductions historiques I !l KBEPINO ONE COW. 93 Boon as wp have cleared off the next ten rods of our rye, wc pbnt from two to four rods willi turnliw. The Iml.vn.e wf how with a mixture of Hunsjurian und the earliest " Canada Gray pea. >\ o now feed our rye until our first plantins of corn and Ilunpanan will do to feed, when wc turn under tlie rest of the rye Klul.l.lo (curinj? what is left of the rye for wh.t.r), sow half with Hunga- rian and the halance we sow (not plant) with sweet corn. As soon as our first planting of corn is cut up, wc sow two or three rows broadcast with flat turnips, 8(-n»o of the strarvlcaved varieties, hoeing or raking them In by hand. Wc continue to plant or sow Bomo quick-growing variety of corn, peas, grass, grain, or roots, even when it is very doubtful if wc shall receive any return for our time und work ; but wc frequently get a fair yield from our third planting. I presume a great many will be sceptical in regard to this "third crop business." It musi be remembered that our first sowing is made very early in the spring, and that wo do not wait until any C our fi^rage crops mature, but we cut them long before hey would be rine, thereby shortening the time of their growth and leaving the , md to bo planted with something else. The above is no iron rule, but subject to great variations. Our Plan is to sow as early as possible in the spring with the earliest maturing grass or grain we can get, and from the time we com- mence cutting until there is no possibility of getting any return. We sow and plant wherever wc have a few rods of bare gn>una, as soon as any of our crops are maturing or there is something coming forward to take its place. Wc cut and cure what Is left for winter. We advise close seeding in all cases, roote, of course, excepted. COW KEPT ON HALF AN ACRE. If the season is favorable, wc manage to keep our one cow nicely on half an acre, or rather on the fodder grown on half an acre. But sometimes, on account of drouth or late frost, we are obliged to buy a little hay in the spring. It 18 impossible for us to say how much feed must bo bought. We generally have a bag of com (two bushels), and a bag of oats (two and a half bushels), ground together, feeding from two to tour quarts a day, according to the amount of rooU used, and ^e season of the year, feedmg meal very sparingly in summer We freauently reserve two or three rods In the spring for early tur- nips, to be fed when large enough for profit, but always feed tur- nips immediately after milking to prevent flavoring tlie mUk. We i "TSr: 1^ KEEPIKa ONE COW. generally hove a few cabbage plants started to set where the corn misses, or the beeU or turnips fuil to come up, or in any corner or by.place where »here U room for a cabbage to grow. Sometimes we reserve a few rods for cabbajses late In the season, as we find them excellent for a change of feed either winter or summer. We advke, in all cases, the use of the earliest varieties of grass, gram, or vegetables, as wo cannot alTord the time and ground occupied by come of the larger and taller growing varieties, being convinced, from actual experience, that two and three crops of eaily vorielies, although small, are more profitable than one crop of the laiger late varieties. THE STABLE AND THE MANURE CELLAR The stable for our cow is a shed nine by sixteen, built on the south Side of our carriage and wagon house. Onc-hulf of the shed is partitioned off and enclosed for winter use or stormy weather; the other half of the shed is open on the south side, and our yard is about sixteen by thirty, including the shed. We think it would bo better to have It larger, but wo get along with it nicely. We find the best way to dispose of her manure is to have a small cel- lar underneath the stable, with cemonted bottom and sides, so as to be woter tight, the stoble to have a tight floor with a gutter behind the cow to receive the droppings and urine, with a scut- tle or trap door in the gutter to let it aU go into the cellar. For bedding, wo use forest leaves, and use thcnt liberally. Where for- est leaves cannot be obtained, any refuse hoy or straw will ons- wer, but the cow as well as the horse should have plenty of good dry bedding. To mix with the urine and droppings of the cow, wc put into the cellar, sea-weed, muck, turf, slops from the house, and soap suds, or anything wo think will make good compost. Wo gather up the droppings frora the yard and throw them into tho cellar. Wo keep our yard well laid with forest leaves. If those are not avdlable, we use the next best thing we can get. In tho fall, when we cart the manure out of the cellar, we gather up wimt has accumulated in the yard and put it into the cellar. In tl»>8 way we save all of the manure, and in excellent condition. Now, to make it better and save the labor of pitching it over, we keep a pin- where he can have access to the cellar, and if not disposed to work we keep him on short feed and scatter corn in tho cellar, so that in order to get it, he will have to root the whole mass over in good shape. We cart our manure out in the fall, distributing it over our land tmn KEKPIN(» ONB COW. 96 I set where the corn or in any corner or » grow. Sonieliint'a a season, as wc find ,er or summer. We •ties of grass, grain, nd ground occupied les, being convinced, psofeaily varieties, a crop of the larger B CELLAR sixteen, built on the Onc-httlf of thesbcd or stormy weather ; A side, and our yard Wc think it would with it nicely. We ( to have a small ccl- ttom and sides, so as t floor with a gutter ul urine, with ascut- into the cellar. For iberally. Wliere for- ly or straw will ans- havo plenty of good roppings of the cow, slops from the house, ic good compost. Wo throw them into the rest leaves. If those ; we can get. In the ar, we gather up wiiat [0 the cellar. In this ent condition. Now, ing it over, wo keep a nd if not disposed to • corn in the cellar, so lie whole mass over in buting it over our land ns evenly m possible, and plow it under as tleep n» wc can. Wo do not sow unvtmiig for next yeurV use, as we think we gel a bet- ter reluin from our limd to sow eurly in liso spriitv and eontliiuo it through the summer. It is a luistuken itlea, or rallier a grave blunder, to undertake to grow good m)\n of unytl.ing without the liberal use of manures. As soon us our land will do to work in the sprir-h'. we ww our outs, pei.s, and rye, giving a top dressing of guuio, superphosphates, or bono meal, which wc rejKat with each succcMive sowing, also giving eacl. hili of cm and rows of beet» and turnips a small quantity. Wc alternate the top dressings, tliot U if we use superphospliate the first sowinjj, we use ground bone or guaro the second, and vice versa, as we find the continu- ous use of any one kind of manure or fertilizer is as injurious as continuous planting of corn or potatoes, without rotating with iomethingelse. DAUnE:..4 FOR KEEPING ROOTS. Wo have a way of our owa for keeping cur roots in tlio ab- sence of a vegetable cellar, or when wc do not want them in the bouse cellar. We take any eld barrels nnd set them in the ground, 'i.e chiner just coming to the top of tlie ground (wc do not want a head in cither end of the barrels). Into tlicse lieadless bar- rets wc put our beets, turnips, cabtwge, etc. As the weather grows cold we cover the barrels with some loose boards. Wliencver it is cold enough to freeze liard, wc throw over them enough hay or straw to keep out the wet. By this mctliod we can, witli very lit- tle trouble at any time, get out a barrel or part of a barrel of root". In tliis way the roots keep in fine condition. Late in the spring, turnips and bsets will be as brittle nnd good as when pulled in the fall, Our subject is " keeping one cow," but any one that feels disposed to try it, will find tlie above :i very fine way to keep turnips, beets, cabbage, or celery, for family use. We prefer to have our cow calve obout the first of April, as we then have thne to make veal o "•■? calf before we begin to make grass butter. There is generaliy, in any place, a better demand for milk through the winter, and better prices, hence if one wishes to sell milk and buy butter, it would perhaps be beUer to have her calve in the fall. ... . . j ,, , , We hardly feel competent to advise, if help is needed in calving. As her time of calving dnuvs nigh, we give our cow extra care and attention It the bowels are kept in a bealtliy condition, wc ap- prehend there is rarely trouble, from tlie fact that our cows have always calved without the need of help. (I >!*««B«wswi®rsr~ H KEEPING OKE COW. „t U,» ,■»!( I» «..,...• w.y, "U™ 1 ; lll^ll 2 u„. ll,c milk time. It seems to satisfy a neci-ssuy oi m. Ly «uek and draw Us "— -;\ -™ ^'old IwSing her better plcluro of contentment tlian to sto uu o calf after being awny from it uUda^ morning, and Wc advise >^K»»"Vr u„^* if Sr ckanllness and thorough kind, gentle treatment card ng In J' i"^^'^' "J „ ,„„fl„,d in a ""rtrlhttor Soflt^^^^^^ yard, a thin sheet to Keep presume some will ble for the cow, and P^A^**^ « to the m% ncr i ^^ ^^^^ ^^ ridicule the idea of l''""'"^'"* ^''" ""^^Ji" ,^ Jul have plenty the horse? Again, if confined In a y^^ K^ng a cow" with of clean pure water, and P»«"y "' "''^f ,;,, J^J^^but of co^venl- milk and fresh butter. EEKIMNO ONE COW. 1»7 .B, we would dispose H olil, t.ui if iiiilli la i< calf huvo tbe milk ho butcher will not ) dress It for us, und f Rlad to l>uy U. In ■n tor our calf. Wc At for that length of • nature to have her r. We know of no old cow suckling her it and morning, and inllnesa and thorough time, It confined In a found very comforta- I presume some will t why not as well as I should have plenty Keeping a cow, with Lxsure, but of convcnl- in having pure sweet AI.I'ALFA OH LUCEUN. BT kam'i. C. uammku, downkv citv, cau 1 httTC lived in Tennessee, In Texas, and now reside In Califor- nia. I have been using Alfalfa for some eiKhl or ten years, imd from my own personal rare of and attention to lids artiele, I maintain one can obtain more milk tlio year round from it, witli- out change to otiicr food, than from any one thing grown. Be- sides Alfalfa can l)e grown at less expense, and is attended wltli less labor, wlietlier fed green or cured, llian any other feed. Altdfa can b«i gmwn in Canada, It is said. If so, tlien any one J-,aj th-^ thanee to try this wonderful friend to the farmer. Once sorvn on deeply cultivated land, free of weeils, it Is good for ten years or tven more, with us. Twenty pounds is abundant seed for nn acre— si^me think too much; but It sliould be sown thickly. Let It stand thick, and it Is finer and more tender. Where sown sparsely it bc-omcs woody and coarse. It can be cut here as early as March, whci-e mowing and not grazing is adhered to, and it should never b. graze 1 or " stakrd - (fed otT by tetliered cattle). From seven to .;lno cuttings can be obtained from it, and from fifteen to twenty Ions of cured hay a year made to tiic acre ; tiiat l« if on i;ood land and if the crop fully occupies the ground, and is' cut just as a few scattering blooms are observed. Tins hoy must be cured as rapidly as possible, raked in windrows and bunched the second day, rather letting it cure in bunches than in ony other manner, to prevent leaves falling off; then housing or "shedding" It soon as possible, sprinkling salt through it as stacked, to prevent mould. Alfalfa needs no top-dressing with fertilizers and manure, but simply tt severe cross-harrowing with a very sliarp-tootUcd iinr- row. bearing the weight of a man. The more the Alfalfa is torn and split up the better It will grow. Tlds harrowing should ?)0 done in spring before it commences its first growth. After grow- in- a few years, the stools project. In many places, above the sur- face of the ground. It an implement could bo devised for the purpose of cutting off all these old stalks just below the surface, then seed lightly, giving a -ood harrowing, the plants would be renewed, and would thicken up rapidly, for wherever a stalk or root Is cut off, dozens of new shoots spring up In its place. However. I advocate o change of diet for brutcs.as well as man- kind, and therefore take for the f'^'n^J' «=«'', %»i°""7^°J"°'i « <:ccilent ground. 1 will suppose that one half of it-th»t Is a in KEEl'lNO ONK CUW. quarter acnv-i» well Hct In Alfalfa. Thn rrnt I would hr.vo I'l.iwt'd twice, vrry ili'i-p, "njootlMMl iiiul lui.l off In ilrilln for .ar- rotH which, al th.- proper H..n8.)n (with us in Fchru.iry or Murdi), I woiil 1 enrich in the furrown with any wtll-rottcd manure For Alfalfa olmoHt unv Rood «'jll BUlw, for I find It udapli. ils.lf to various boIIh and ondurrs a wrcat deal of rou«h treatment, hut in order to ^ei the hest retiultH it sh..uld ho well treated. I prefer a moderately sandy soil, which is naturally moist. On .Iry. mellow irround. It will send down a Ux\yToot ten feot. I have drawn roots out of very sandy sod when digging post holes that would measure six feet. They seek moisture during dry weather, and althouRh 1 have Imd Alfalfa dio down, the ground hemg parched and cracked, yet when the fall or winter rains bcgui, it springs up in a few days. As soon afl the Alfalfa comes m, feed it alone, Halting as Huits one's own idea. Whtu the first scattering blooms appear I would cut the remainder-namely, that which had not been cut each day for the cow. I wouM then cure it as rapidly as possible, and put It under cover, sprinkhng salt over It. I now advocate and practice fccdinj, the cured bay in preference to the green. By the latter you obtain a greater tlow of milk, but with the former I consider the milk richer, and this is the experience of dairymea with whom I have conversed. A cow learns to eat the cured fodder almost as readily as the green and all danger of bloat is obviated. Some may think be- causo'l am in California that irrigation makes some difference, but my Alfalfa grows without it. I cut mine six times lost summer. 1879 and it was on exceptionally dry and hot season. Our rains fall mostly in winter, and that has to do us until the next winter Now as to the cow, I would place her m o corral or lot, we 11 Bay of one-fourth to half an acre in size, giving her a comfortable house or shed for winter, in which I think she should be fastened by a closed door in cold rainy weather. At other times she should be allowed the run of tlio lot, having access to good fresh water at least twice a day. Shade trees for summer's hot sun arc indispensable. In this lot or corral you have all the manure where it can be gathered up dady or weekly, and comiwsted or housed, ready to be spread on the ground for future crops. Some would say a cow should be curried every moraing. They certainly do enjoy it, but many California farmers never saw such a thing done. I think it should be done just before the ani- mals begm to shed their old coats; afterwards 1 sec little use of it. UKi:i>lNU OUli cuw. * t r-pt I woulil hfiVO r In ilrillH f(ir nir- ruary or Munli), I ted inamiro. For it tuliiptu ItHClf t(l trcatmeDt, but in rcotL'tl. I pri'fi-r ii On «lry, nipilow It. I littvu drawn holes tliiit would dry wfiitiier, iind lund being parvlied m begin, it Bpringa 10, saltlnR ns Huila ms appear I would I been cut eacli day ly aa possible, and now advoeale and to tbo green. By I with the foroior I ricncc of dairymta it aB readily as the Some may tliinlt be- lonie dilFcrence, but times last summer, Beason. Our rains til the next winter, corral or lot, we'll g her a comfortabio Bhould be fastened ^.t other times she tccess to good fresh immer's hot sun aro avc all the manure Illy, and comiwsted d for future crops. ;ry morning. They farmers never saw ! just before the ani- I I SCO little use of it. PERMANENT GRASS AH SOILING CROP. BT f. B. MOHHIH, iJIUCLICi, R. Y, The kerplnif of one row seems to In- gent-rully rrgnrded as a matter of ho little iuiportunee, and one so simple in \U nature, that even pcr^tons of low Intel ligoneo can acarecly fail of Bucceu. But to keep a cow in such a manner as to receive the greatest re- turn for the leant possililu ex|>enso in labor anl money, requires the most careful study of tlie nature and habits, cndurunee, needs, and the productive cnpabilities of the animal, and involves Bfientitlc principlcM whicli are deeper and broader than those generally applied to the keeping of stock of any kind. If tiie average quantity of milk be ten quarts per daj^duriiig the year, and the expense twenty cents jMjr day, the milk will cost two coiils per quart, and if tlio milk is worth three cents per (pmrt, there l* a net profit of (ifly per cent upon the cost of keep- ing, or ten cents per day. But if the quantity of milk be eight quarts per day, and tlie expense twelve ccnL^, the milk will cost only one and a half cents per quart, or twelve cents per day. Then three cents per quart for the milk will leave an actual profit of one hundred per cent upon the cost of keeping, or twelve cents per day. One acre, and even Bomethins less, put in good condition, well fertilized and properly seeded, will bo ample for a pasture, and will furnish plenty of nut.'itious feed, upon which, witli proper care, the cow will yield an abundant flow of rich and dellcioua milk; while one-third of an acre of similar soil will produce bu(H- cient hay for the winter. Tlic pasture should bo divided into two parts, the cow to be ':ept a few doys in each alternately, with plenty of pure water ind.Bhade. Where land is high, as it always is in towns and villages of any size, the pt.%ctice of ' ' soiling," as it is usually termed, is the most profitable way to keep a cow. For this purpose, a smoll yard, soma twenty to thirty feet square, perhaps, or of such size as can be afforded, may be provided, containing an open shed— the more open the better for tlie summer— only so that it Will Bbcltcr the animal from the heat of tho sun and the storms. The yard and shed should be kept as clean and dry as possible, or tho cow will become ill. Plenty of pure water is in- dispensable at all times. A comfortable place for the cow to lie down IS very important. Sawdust, forest leaves, old straw, or other convenient and cheap litter will answer for bedding ; or, if the ground be smooth, clean and dry, that may be sufllciont. Tho 100 KEEI'INO ONE COW. manure In to be curofuUv colloclcd mA ploml undrr nnothrr ihcd, or «lluT .onvnilcnt plm'c uiuUt nlullrr pn.vM.a tor Ui.' Lurpow, and to priviiit bml odor«. thr luap Hh.mhl rcci-lvr. ..nc In iwo or three dayii, a light o.v.rln^ «< muck, kuv... muU. wml. .lu« up 1,1 the ffudcn or d«.wh..rc.. or tine .urlh-aln.o.l anything Ihul will rot~u..d U.nH n(.t only prevent the unplcnunnlneh.* iin. un- luttlthfulnm of BU.h ...lors. and lh.> low that would r.'Hull from thtlr escape, Imt add lu.vdy to the hIzc und vulue of the nuniurJ hcan Now, have ol.out two-thirds of nn ucre of land, highly nmnnr.-). und, with the exception of about fo.,rteen mpmre ro,u well seeded with a variety of nutritious Kram'H. This (luantlty of li.n.1 If properly enriched and cultivated, will keep o cow the year' round, ami keep her well, without purchasing any feed. A Kood rack or other arrangement In the shade is necessary, in wh ch to feed, so that nothing shall bo wasted. Then, qullc early n the •cason, the gross upon this rich soil will be large enough to be cut and fed to the cow. Wh.lo the ground la sufflcicnily moist, in the fore vart of the season, the grass will grow very rapidly, and, when the soil becomes a little too dry, about half a busliel o nloster or twice ns much lime, or two or three bushels of wood Lhcs, .cattcred upon It, will usually renew the vigor r.nd fresh- ncss of the crop, which may be repeated with bcncfll two or three times before the end of the growing season. Another excellent fertilizer, which may be applied during the summer, Is the waste water from the house, such as soap suus, dish water, and any other Blops that ore to bo thrown away. These should all bo saved and scattered upon the grass from pails. If no better method is onllnarlly practicable, and it will pay a person many times over for the trouble. A light top-dressing of manure from the cow- yard or shed will be necessary every year, or every second year certainly, applied in the fall, or early m the spring. As soon ns the grass has fairly got Into blossom, it should bo immediately cut and well-cured for winter use, unless U may bo necessary to sate a small quantity to feed until that portion which WHS first cut for the cow shall be ready to cut again. Orass should never be allowed to stand until the seed has formed, as Just pre- vious to that time it is more nutritious thon at any other period. Hay cut thus early will make much more and better milk, and keep a cow in belter condition than that which is cut later. A portion of the grass can bo mown a second time for hay, and still leave enough for green feed until foddering time. The exact pro- portion of the crop to be made into hay must, of course, depend r nnotlirr ihod, iir lli<^ purpow, onrt> In iwo nr , wtt'drt ilu;t up t itiiylliinK tl)iil iintiifMX uml uii- tulil ri'iiiilt fnuii ()( tliu nium:M of land, lilj,'lily ■en Btiiiiiro roiU, rills (luiintlty i)f kcrp a cow tho 1!? ttiiy feed. A cRiwry, in which tito early in tho inough to be cut itly tnolBt, in tho ry rapidly, and, lulf a buBlu'l uf bUHhela of wood dgor r.nd fresh- cttt two or three nothcr excellent nor, Ifl the waste water, and any JO should all bo no better method many tlmcB over re from the cow- fery second year som, it Rhould bo unless it may bo iiat portion which ain. Grass Hhould med, as Just prc- any other period, better milk, and h is cut later. A I for hay, and still 5. Tho exact pro- of course, depend i; -^^-V' -Uk-.V If 41k mriMi ilNK ( UW. xua upon f trrtimitancM, All timt U not nrcilcil for ■uinmcr tMt ■hiiulil U'liiml for wliiUT, utul llu' <|iiuntliy will, umiriilly, M aiiinclcnl, ir, liidci'il, tlifM U not an ovt'riiluo, n* will itullu likely uci'ur In niuny ciui.*». IIKHT EINDM OV OIUHHRH. It la Imixtrtant to knww wluit klntU of Krni«M>s aro hnt mlnptiil to thu priMliK lion of milk iiml liuttcr, for IhiHi mitninir nnd winiir fi>ciUni{; iiml ii|ion tlilM di'iM'mU, hi a Kr<'i>t luouituri', Ihr prolU^ to bc> rrullzcil. Thu priutlco of M>(' i one. Four of tlir< nioiit nutritious iiml productive klnt'.n of uriu*, incUxl- \t\n thnotliy, white clovfr, and •ucli otln'r vurlttlcn on ar«i well nduptvd to the purtlculur nntiirtt and condition of thi-iioil, nro nouo too iniiny to l»o sown to){cllnr, for pujtturt! or incmlow. Five qunrtd of timothy, threo of wldto clover, nix of orclmnl htma, uml ihrco of rcdtop (If the ground 1« quite nioUt*. or other gm»» nultccl to the soil, ore ulwut the proper (piantltleii ond pro|Kirt|on« for general une, on un acre of liind. Hiicli a mixture, u|M)n » rlih noil, will pro tho factn. BcHhiea produclnn much moro abundantly, tliey furnish Nomething ofo variety ot feed, which is greotly Iwneflcial In tho nmnufacturo of both milk and flcdh. Wcedn Injure the flavor of milk aid butter, ond should never 1)0 in the footl for cowd. An acre of rlcli uoll, well HCLMled witli a good •election nnd variety of iwrennial grnssen, will pro- duce hIx ton* of well-cured hay In one Bcnson ; by mowing twice, and, by eiiily cutting, this con be done without difllculty. In my own oxprkcd, as the lati- )nc square rod of grasses, in proper tivation, is amply )rdB, to bo within ces of partial fail- I mentioned, forty )ducc ample food 18, upon one acre ran Im grown soiling niatrrlal aulllclcnt to keep a row »iirou,i?h the yo ir, ullowint; also, u UImtiI amount of roots. How \a lliis to bo donoV Wc may atMunic that a man takes ijossession of a place on tlic first of April, which Is the customary time In New England. Let him select an acre of the land most suitable to the purpose in view. Let him set apart forty square rods, or one quarter of it, for suni- nuT soiling, twenty square rods for the growth of roots, and the remiiining one hundred square rods (or crops, to be properly cured for winter use. The land having been thoroughly prepared, that Is, in high tilth, sow as early in April as possible, on ten square rods, oats, or spring rye, at the rate of four bushels to the acre. This will be fit to cut, for summer soiling, In thu flrst week of July. On the fifteenth to twentieth or April, sow the next ten rods In a similar manner. This will be ready to cut nltout the fifteenth of July. On the first of May, sow outs or barley on the next ten rods, which will be fit for cropping August first. On the tenth to the fifteenth of May put in tho next five rods In drills, flat corn at tho rate of three busliels to the acre, and a week later the remaining five rods arc to be treated in a similar manner. This will give succulent food up to September. As soon as the first ten rods of land, which were cleared of oats by the tenth of July, has been again prepared properly, sow Hun- garian grass at the same rate as before stated. Do the same also with the next lot, cleared of oats by the first of August, putting in barley, however, in place of millet, as this is not injured by tho early frosts. Barley may also bo sown on the lot which was cropped about the tenth of August, or if this grain has already occupied the land, we may substitute corn, using a stimulating fertilizer to give it a rapid growth. In this way, we shall have a succession of green food up to November, augmented also by tho tops of the roots when thinned out or when harvested. The larger varieties of the sweet corn may be substituted for the flat, and is perhaps better relished, although not afl'ording perhaps so large a yield. The twenty square rods devoted to root culture must receive attention as early in the season as possible — certainly by the flrKt ^ of May. The ground having been deeply plowed or spaded, and thoroughly manured, should be made perfectly level. The large sugar beet and the mangold wurzcl are the most valuable for the milch cow, and may be sown at the rate of about six pounds to the acre. During Iheir growth, careful attention should Iw given 108 KEEIMNO «»NE COW. to them by keeping tl.cin free from weeds, an. t le HUrfacc of tl.o ground loL and frcHh. A good yield would give an averatj' of Sbout 8lx hundred and fifty huaheln to the acre whleh will bo eighty bushels for the plot of twenty square rods, and allowing the cow onc-thlrd of a bushel per day for the eight months of dry food The roots should be secured from frost by placing them In he cellar or In deep pits well protected. The hundred 'o^i^^vluc . is to be devoted to the winter feeding, must be put down to oat « at the same time, and exactly In the same manner as the first ten rods for summer soiling. Cut these when in the.r most succu en condition, which will be probably from the fifth to the tenth of July Cure them well, and house or stack them in a suitable manner The land having been again suitably prepared, the pre- ceding crop must be at once followed by Hungarian grass, a bushel and a half to the acre, which will be fit for cut .ng as soon as the head Is formed, which will be In about s.x weeks from the time of sowing. Cure It as far as possible in the cock, which will render It more nutritious. , , . • The one hundred square rmU being again cleared and put m order during the autumn, sow winter rye at the rate of three bushels to the acre. This will be ready to cut in the sprmg, and will afford green food much earlier than In any other way for soiling. If there Is a surplus of any of the green crops, convert it Into hay for winter use. From the two croppings of the one hundred square rodn, treated in the above m.inner, a fair yield will be a ton and a quarter of oats cured a.s hay, with an equal amount of Hungarian grass. Thus we have two and one-half tons of fodder, which wdl bo amply sufficient for one cow through the eight months m which she is not receiving the green crops, allowmg her the amount of hay per day which we have stated as necessary in con- junction with the roots and grain, in the quantities before men ^"of course, where the feeding commences in April, if the place be taken in that month, food must be bought by the owner to last until the summer soiling in July. In the succeeding year, how- evfer the crop of winter rye will come in early, to be used m con- junction with the dried fodder of the previous summer. COW STABLED 1 N THE TOWN. Again there are cases where a single cow may be kept with profit and advantage, and that, too, in perfect health, without the a.rency of land, in the immediate suburbs of a town or city, oif KEEIUNU ONE COW. 1U9 10 Burfacc of the vc nn avcraj^e of ', which will 1)0 lis, and allowing ht nidnths of dry pliicinj? them In idred rods which put down to oatH r as the first ten ir most succulent ih to the tenth of cm in a suitable ireparcd, tlic pre- URarian grass, a tit for cutting as It six weelts from 1 the cock, wliicli •Icared and put in the rate of three n the spring, and ly other way for en crops, convert [juare rods, treated and a quarter of HunRarian grass. cr, which will be eight months in allowing licr the I necessary in con- titics before men April, if the place J ti'C owner to last jceding year, how- to be used in con- iummor. may be kept with lealtb, without the a town or city, or even within the very precincts of a city. It is requisite, for tiieso conditions, that provisicm sliouid be made to allow llic animal to breathe fresh air, and to enjoy a certain amount of sunlight daily. Without these none should be kept. Exercise is not essential to the well-being of the milch cow ; she is an animal of repose, and If she Is oflired every effort to ruminate, will be perfectly con- tented, and will do her duty. Attention to th'> bi'st possible con- dillon of the skin, us regards cleanliness, is very important when HI) closely housed. The food which, under these circumstances, must be purchased, can be obtained with much economy, on account of the propin- quity to the places of sile ; and although we do not advocate the use of brewers' grain, or of any other cheap articles which are too often substituted for the natural food of Iho cow, viz., grass, green or dry— a small quantity, especially when supplemented by the vegetable refuse from the house table, may l;a advantugcously employed conjointly with good hay. Finally, it may be said that no animal better repays care and attention,' and can with more truth bo called the poor man's friend, than the cow. 110 KKEIUNO ONK COW. FACTS RKFUTK PUE.TITDICE. UV D. n. CUAPMAN, NEW U)NDO», CT. When I was tt boy It was the pn-viillln.!? opinion In the MCllon of country whore 1 was raUeil, that it wuh better timt a cow nhould be rather thin In llesh at the time of calving than """jrw se. There was but very llllle grain fed in winter, to any slock in hat Bcctlon, except to working oxen. Cows In milk were fed hay, while dry cows, and young Bto<.k, were fed on straw orcorn stalks. The result was that at the time ot calving, cows were generally thin enough to conform to the popular Idea of a proper con dtlon Cows Klvlng a largo yield of milk were scarce enough In those days, and it was very seldom that you would meet one that would ;Sd ten quarts of milk per day (beer measure) during the fluHh of feed My faith In the theory, that a cow should be thin In flesh at the "time of calving, received a very severe shock, very soon after I became tl-e owner of one, and experience and observation have only served to confirm my doubts of Its correctness. In the spring of 1848. 1 purchased my first cow. I came across her some twenty miles from home. She had just ca ved, and dis- played i very largo udder. Her owner warranted her to give welvo quarts of milk i^er day, and to be. In every respect a good family cow. The cow suited my fancy In every particular save one she was too fat. But having nine points in her favor, I did not fepl disposed to forego her purchase for the want of «io tenth When I drove her home, the adverse criticism on her waa Immense, solely on account of her condition. Said an old farmer to me • " That Is a fancy cow, just suited for some ricli man, who can afford to indulge his fancy, and expend for her ke. inng, twice as much as the value of her milk. You will find that you have got to keep her In just the condition that she is now in, or you ^111 get no milk. If you do not keep her In this condition, vou will find she will shrink In milk, before she shrmks m flesh, and she won't give half as much, on the same keeping, as she would if she was no fatter than my cows." I must own, that after listening to this and that criticism m the same strain, I felt a little sick of u.y bargain, and would have wil- lingly sold her at a discount, but no purchaser appearing, I con- cluded to make the best of a bad lj;irgain. My purchase was made April secou 1. Twelve hundred pounds of hay furnished her with feed until uic eighteenth of May. I then hired a pasture, for fifteen dollars, where I kept her until No- vember, when I sold her. / ICE. IT. n In the BOcUon of Imt u cow Mliould than otherwise. nny slock in that lllc were fed liuy, raw orcornstallis. ^8 were generally proper conJitlon. ) enough in those d one that would ), during the fluoh uld be thin In flcsU 3 shock, very soon :e and observation )rrcctne88. iw. I came across iBt culved, und dis- ■anted her to give jry respect, a good [•ry particular, save ints In her favor, or the want of the •iticiPin on her was Said an old farmer jme rich man, who her ke( |)ing, twice find that you have e is now lu, or you in this condition, she shrinks in flesh, me keeping, as she hat criticism in the ind would have wil- er appearing, I con- Ivo hundretl pounds jhtcenth of May. I I kept her uutil No- KEKl'lNO oNi: e.)tV, Ifl 1 found that, nlthouph the cow lost llcsh under my kccplncf, an do. Calf ,2 m do. Cow, November I '^ "" ^^fJ.^Q Db. ' ao.' Service • » J"* d" ^'^'^'^'^ -^ mro Net Profit .*M TO I was so well pleased with this result, notwithstanding tlie unfa- voralde circumstances of having started with a fat cow, thot tho next spring I repurchased her at the same price paid the spring pre- vious. But instead of a fat cow then, she was thm enough to afford a good study of animal anatomy. She had had no other feed than corn stalks, for the two months that she had been dry, and was aa much thinner than when I sold her ; as she was at that time thinner than when I first bought her. In fact, she had been subjected to a gradual system of depletion for a year. I sold her on the first of Oclobir, following, when her account stood as follows, no account hiivlng been made of the milk used la the furady, numbering three persons, as before : Dr. Service". °^ J^gQl _ _ , _ '1 "O Pasture," the's'aiiio as tUc previous your U 00 ^ Cn. By gale of Milk, at 6 cents per quart «51 30 do. Calf, two weeks old.. f "" do. Cow.Octobcrl ^■•' "" ^^ Loss. '^ This difference in profit was occasioned solely by the difference of the yield of her milk in the two seasons. The yield for the sec- ond season averaKcd full three quarts per day less than the first, and, at the same time, the quality of the milk was deteriorated in the same proportion as the quantity. m KEEPIKO ONE COW. Thl« was my fln.t loMon. m<,.ilr.Ml l.y exporicnco. At tl.o name thn '! I k.«rnc.l an..ll..T l.y ..I..H..rvuUou. The two combined u.ia. J miitiTlully to my stock of knowlwlKC. A nelKl.».or of mln.-. a Orrman, In the month of Jammir, 1849 pntchU;.. a h...f..r. three yearn of ago the con,ln« npr n« 8 uU.a. be.-» kept p.H.r from tho tlmo «he w.w weaned At two yian* < a'c i' .iaaroppe.1 her llrst elf. an.l through her rtrnt «.u«... of n k a.l Kive » h«t Httio promUc n« a milker. She had Junt b H.n im^when he purchaso.l her. and ho. without any previous krwlX of the .uro of eow.. commenced feedln, her according io n V imtinctH. lie fed her bIx .iuart« of meal per day in nddl- oa to all U,o hay bIu, would eat. Thb .yMcn, of feeding con- timed untl about the twcnty-flfth of March, when Hhe calved^ IrtJieZeof culvlng.he was la be.cer condition than nmch of the beef Bold In our murkeK About the Han.c time that his cow calved I repnrchnHcd mine The feed f the two. .hereafter. wa.s very n- arly alike. «'xcept tlmt lie w had a feea of .Ix quarts of meal .kt duy. while mno md onW two Ills :at cow doubled y ami onc-cl'^iith Ayrslilre. Hlic hud dropped hiT llrsl calf llie sprln? previous, wiu'n only two ycurn old. Hlic was then represented iw yleldln.^r tlirc • (Hiiirts of milk penliiv, ar.d du;- to eiilvo April the hIxIIs. To iieeoiinl for tli" iiuiili yield of inflk, 1i:t owner sill nho h;«l been Uipt on poor paature and iiiilked by <• ireless b<\\^ who hail not been particular to milk her clean. That sill' had been kept on p:ior paHture liir appearance abun- dantly eonflrmed. She came Into my possession during llie root harvrst, In November. I eommcneed by feeding to her lliro bushels of rutabagi tops, or of beet tops, tlirets pounds of corn meal, together wltii all the dry hay she would cat each day. ONE YEAII'H EXI'Ey'ES AKD RETUHNS. The cost of keeping the cow fiom November first, 1877, to June first, 1878, wus as follows : ISO pounds (>; Indliiii Meal, nt 91 40 $ 2 10 m) " 8Iilp StulT, lit, «il :I5 S 18 IW) " Oil .Meul, lit 1*1 :«) I 83 4U0 " Koots, at *8 IX) ,H!r ton 18 86 S.m " llay.atrJO WW 1 peck Salt....- • ...•■ 088 t59 7(J The cost from .T'lno first to November first, 1878, was as follows : irhlO pounds of Kay, at 120 »15 ;!0 •Jas " OH niciil. at •! ao 8 93 470 " Brttn,at|ia5 « 88 Salt 025 ««^'^""' -i^ taflja Making a total cost of $86 00 for the year, counting notbmg for the garden truck consumed during the summer and autumn. This, with the exception of tho com stalks, would have been consigned to the compost heap, had she not eaten It, so that its only value to me was its value for com- post. But allowing that for the purfiosc of feed it was equal in value to its equivalent in hay, and that my winter ration of hay had been continued through the year, her total cost of keepinfs would have been, in round numbers, one hundred and four dollars. In the roots fed to her during tho winter, were included the waste and parings of vegetables used m a family of ten persons, 114 KKKI'INd «)Ni: « «)VV. wlilcli VIM mtmdhntn no InfonHldcriibli' item; Tlicw wt^iwnlwtty« llirown Into lln; ft»(l iHwkii, iind Jimt cniMi«h friith ri»)t« »ll(c.l lu iiiiiki! tlif ri'(|uln'il wt'l^jht. After ilio r««»l» ilort-d In the nllor wrro I'xImuHic'd nmi> ONK CUW. Tlirsr w.^rrnlwayn fri'tli rontu ullcfil Id Dtori'd In tlio (-lUur I lirin. I niitkn tliU fccil wn» fnltrcil iit wan quite tliln nlirn kI f<>«'(llnj?, hIio will* lis In wi-lt(lit liy tJK! I, und of tlilii Wright iIh lit tlu) i-nil of f ho 1! was rri'Mi>nti'(l ua icid of milk wclglK'd Ur iMumU. At the (loundit |>cr day, and lU-rruptlon until tlio II by tho twcnty-flfth Ida per day. 1 1 lien diking on the fourth uiuIk. I continued when I sloppod, tho hrce-(iuartcr pounds, ilf suckle her until it On the fteventh of 8. ItavcrsKt^daliout nc8 In June, when It July It fell off Bomo, ,y-threo pounds until Inlshcd to the flrat of icj thirteen pounds of diiiry, that her total until she colved, was o four hundred and lunccfl to tho quart. ;ent8 \kt (luart, niak- itB. November, her total red and seventy-seven •ed and seventy •hcvoii and cigbty-flve cents; iklng a net profit of > say nothing of tho growth of the row, or tho vnliic of her mnnure, whkh woa an am* pie cotniM'nNatloii for the care of keeping. ilud I enllmtitcd the vuliie of her milk at tlic retail price, I Nhould nild oii<< cent |H'r (|iiiirt for HUiiinier, und two c'ciiIa per quart for wlnlcr. Tlie next year thU muw tow, with the IncreuMD of the cfpiivalcnt of out- und a huif poundM of miul per day, tu iillow for her liurenMed growth, und a Mllglii deviation In the mat- ter of feed during tlie auiiimer, whereby she obtained more green fo(Ml, of whieli 1 ahull apeali lieretifur, iuereaaed her profit ulmoat forty iKf cent. OAUOET. Of one thing I urn very careful, und that la, not Ui allow tho In- flowing milk, previoiiN to culving, to burden In tac udder, and in all my long ex|)erience, in owning cowa, I have never hud a ease of garget. When I was a boy alKiiit twelve yeara of age, my father purehuaed a very large milker for those days. I nivtieed that the right hind quarter of Iter udder waa mueh ainaller tluin the olher, and yielded a correM|Mmdlngly leaa ({uantity of milk. After aho had been dried off, and the time appronchcd for Iter to calve, T obaerved that this aumo quarter of her udder became very m'jcU more distended than tlio othrra. Her whole udder was very much distended, but thia qu' rlcr excessively so. As her period of calv- ing waa delayed, ami lier udder becume more Inttamed, pnxlucing, evidently, great pain to tho cow , I oakcil the privilege of milk- ing her, and wna denied. At tho same time I was given to understand that it wus tho worst possible thing that could bo done for the cow ; that it was ncceaaury tliut her udder aiiouid become thua distended, In order to give it tho capoclty to contain the flow of milk after calving; that should she t)c milked before calving, tho yield after colving would be very much lessened, etc. By the time she calved, her udder was ono Indurated masa, and that particular quarter of It so much Inflamed that she could not liear to hove tho calf touch It. In tho course of time, however, by copious applications of cold water, and various liniments, tho in- flammation was reduced, but that particular section of the udder, which had lieen sufflciently distended to bold her whole yield, wus ahrunkcn to its old dimenaiona, and waa no larger than when I first saw her. When the time approached for her to drop her next culf, I took tho responalbility of clandestinely milking her, so that when she calved there was no Inflamed udder, there waa no fussing with liniments. Its four quarters were now evenly developed ; tho only difference was tho former ahrunkcn quarter waa larger, if ft tif tiniMU UMI cow. nnyililiiK, lhi»n tht> othrni, nm!, thwniKhmU the umMan, th«'yklu of milk, from tlio Mmi- k<.plntf, ^m <»>Mmliilly Itur -^1 ovft (Ur jlfl.l of llu- iirerloiM yrttr I iifvr. «ll»«lo»«'.l llii> M»rH, liownrfr, until I wiiH Krown up llul I m i|ulr«Ml u v.ry mm-M Ip«m «. wlilcli I aii|illi' l«>n« Ixf""- tlio tln.ir«' ihal U wn» Im'.i i<> milk mow |ir«viou:« Co culvliig wu» gcncr,. uUoiHed by owbcw uruuiiU IMV. TETIIERINU. X profrmilonal fricml of mlno Ik tlio owner of thrrn honM ftnd two lm|M»ri.a cowi, nil of wlii.b an' kcpl In vtry IiIkIi .oii.lUUm. IK- InforniB mo Ui»r for wvi ral ytnm, wUli ilui rxirpllon uf one year, two nntl one half n«rt« of land Uavo fumlilicd ull llu- hay con»umi<| ».y tlm fiv.i anlnial«, together with pasturagB for one row ; Uio oi.u-r row Ixhig dry »lur!iin the •umm.-r, h pantun-d in the country. IIU Iniul in imlurully «oo*« i »l arc nt paaiure. The droppings of the cow arc dally remoTcd from thla range, ao that nho alwaya haa a clean feeding ground. All the manure made by the live tmimals la annually returnetl to thla lot, and, in a<'y t of land li made to Ire iummtT, and Itc- w \» alwayH In good duaely rrop|)cd, and le quarter of an acre, t, aliu would Btlll bo !. Thn dr u«! eonsidcMble of the iKitaah of cor.imcrce In somh- of my manufactures. For my land, I make of this a saturated golution. i 118 KEEPING ONE COW. ond then dry it, by stirring into it a mixture of equal parts of ground plaster and sifted coul aslies. Tliis, in a few days, becomes sulphate of potash, lime, and coai ashes, at least I Judge that it docs, for it loses all its causticity. In preparing my fertilizers, I itix tlio product of my tanks with loam, near the plucc to be plimted ; tliis. in the spring, is dug over and mixed with the manure from the stable. The effect of this mixing is to make tlio manure vry fine in a very short time. After plowing, this compost is spread upon the land, and harrowed in. I then follow with ground bone, which costs me, delivered at my place, bolted, twcnty-flvc dollars per ton, at the rate of twelve hundred pounds to the acre, and with the potash mixture, at the rate of two hundred and forty pounds to the acre, which is also liarrowed in. In distributing the potash, I distribute more of it where I intend to plant peas or potatoes, and less where I Intend to plant corn, squaslies, and turnips. In dislriliuting the bone, I re- verse this. It is on a light, sandy loam, fertilized in this manner, with an excess of nitrogen, no doubt, that I expect, the coming summer, to raise enough feed for a cow on less than half an aero of ground. The land on which my experiment was tried last year was a turned sod that had had no manure of any kind for more than ten years. This year it will be tried on land that was ma- nured as above last year. iil-i % ^^'■^'d' KEEl'lXO ONE COW. 110 rc of equal parts of ifi'w tltiys, bL'coiiiL'H east 1 Judge timt it ;t of my tanks with spring, is dug over The effect of tills u very short time, land, and harrowed Its me, delivered at t the rate of twelve ^sh mixture, at the acre, which la also listributo more of it 88 where I intend to uting the bone, I re- zed in this manner, ; expect, the coming ;f>s than half an acre it was tried last year f any kind for more load that was ma- A WOMAN'S SUCCESS AND EXPEUIP]NCE. BT MBS. MABT L. TATLOR, MOHTU VERNON, INDIANA. My success in keeping the family cow is mnli)ly due to ihe superior sense of that anfuiul in coming into being in a latitude where a cow can live with as little care and protection, and whero the face of unplowed and unliurrowed nature furnishes us much food for her as any other; latitude thirty-nine. My cow is a scrub— cost twenty dollars ; had her calf on the fourteenth of February, 1879, and wo complimented the suiiit on whoso day she came by calling her Valentine. now WE MANAGED TUE CALF. I put the calf In a pen made in the fence corner and covered with a few old boards, and let the cow ia to her every night — first taking from the cow what milk we needed for our family of four persons. I left her with the calf all night, and in the momin/;{ milked what the calf had left for me. This was not much after the first two weeks, and after two more weeks I only wasted my time at milking in the morning. I parted witli the calf at three months old for eight dollars, and laid this sum by as my capital to draw against for the cow's winter keeping. My farm is lialf an acre in extent, and all of it, except the space occupied by the cottage and a small garden, is lawn, and is well set in Blue-grass, with a spriukling of Orchard-grass. 8UMMEB MANAGEMENT. I sold my lawn mower and put a short ropo around my cow's horns. To this I fastened the chain of an old chain-pump. The pump had served Its day, and was now laid aside. This old pump-chain was about sixteen feet long, and through the end of it I stuck an old iron garden stakn into the ground, and staked my cow out ot< the lawn. In the chain I put rings one yard apart, and by running my garden stake through a ring nearer or farther from tbo rope around the cow's boms, I could give her a larger or smaller circle to graze on, and so let her eat very near to ever- greens and other shrubbery without danger of having them in- jured. She pulled up the stake several times at first, but the remedy for this came of itself. In my desire to make her very secure, I had tied th*" '>pe around her horns too tightly and made her head sore. She ceased pulling, and though her head soon got 120 KKUPINO ONE COW. well, i)he has ncTcr since pulled up the stake ; bo that my mistake in fuHlening the rope, though it tauscil me solf-reproaclics at the time, really proved a blessing in tlic end, for had she formed the habit of pulling the stake up, 1 should have »)een forced to dis- continue slaking her out for fear of her destroying the shrubbery. My cow seems to have a spite at shrubbery proportioned to its beauty, and this spite seems inteusiflcd against such plants us she cannot cat. A young cedar, foi instance, slio will never pass witli- out trying to demolish it with her horns. By means of the rings in my chain, I could stake her so that she could oat up to the edge of an evergreen without being able to touch it with her horns, and I found tlie horns the only part that tlio shrubbery had to fear, for she never yet has tried to destroy anything with her heels. My lawn, under the care of this now one-cow lawn-mower, i)e- camc the admiration and envy of the whole neighborhood. The chickens followed her and scattered her droppings, so that tho lawn was always clean. I found it a great improvement on tho oUl hand lawn-mower, and much less labor, for the staking out was far less trouble than running the mower. Besides, I sold tho old machine for almost half the price I paid for the cow. But, strange as it seems to me now, I at first felt a little ashamed of my new mower, for I got in tlic practice of staking the cow oa tho front lawn at night, and moving her to tho back lawn early in tho morning. She did her work so silently in the darkness that my neighbors wondered much that in eo well-kept a lawn they never heard tho click of tho lawn-mower. We have no storms in tho summer in this latitude from which a cow needs any more protection than a tree affords. When it rained I milked her under the shelter of a beech. In June, I rented a one-quarter aero lot for two dollars, and for one dollar hUud it plowed and laid off in furrows a little over two feet apart. In these furrows I dropped com, the grains two 1o four inch28 apart. I hired it plowed once with a shovel plow. This cost seventy-five cents. At the first frost, I had it cut and put up in small shocks. A woman that does washing for me, and occasionally chores about the house, did this at forty cents a day. She was several days at it, but during the time performed other work about llie house. I think slio spent about two solid days on it. Tliis corn-fodder, with few large ears on it, but a great many nubbhis, made my fodder and grain for the cow for the winter. Later in tho fall, when the corn-stalks were thoroughly cared, I KEEPING ONE COW. nt BO that my mistake If-reproaelics at the ml she formed tlio been forced to dis- cing tlio shrubbery, proportioned to its , 8ueh plants us slie vill never passwilli- incaoB of the rings il oat up to the edge with her horns, and bery had to fear, for ,h her heels, iw lawn-mower, be- aclghborhood. Tlio nppings, 80 that tho mproveraent on tho for the staking out Besides, I Bold the 1 for the cow. But, little ashamed of my Ing tho cow on tho Ek lawn early In tho I that my neighbors ley never heard tl>o latitude from which >o affords. When it !ch. two dollars, ond for 0W8 a little over two n, the grains two lo with a shovel plow, rost, I had it cut and washing for me, and at forty cents a day. mo performed other mt two solid days on it, but a great many ■ cow for the winter, thoroughly cured, I had them placed &- 'nst poles set on crotches around the place where the cow was sheltered during tho winter. Tho stalks were loaned against tho poles from both Rides, and made a sloping roof both ways, so uh to shed snow and rain. From theso poles I gave the cow an armful of this corn and fodder night and morning, and though tho snow did sometimes lodge on them, and make my mittens cold, I could generally find a spot on one side or the other tliat was clear of snow. This work of putting up tho fodder for winter use cost about two dollars. My cow had been used to "slops" and meal, and did not take kindly to whole corn at first. I was advised to husk the com, and get it ground ; but by feeding her a few small or broken, or soft cars from my hand, she soon became eager for it, and has learned to grind it as well as the mill, and at less cost of going to and from, to say nothing of tho toll. But even If she was not as good a com crusher as the mill-stones, there would be no loss, for my fowls follow her faithfully, and pick up every broken grain that is dropped ; so tho miller's toll that I save keeps me in chickens and eggs. Now that the cow had come to cat whole com, I was told that she would muss over the fodder, hunting for the nubbins, and waste tho stalks ; but by sprinkling a little brine on the stalks when she becamo dainty, I found I could make her eat them as closely as was desirable. A WINTEE 8HELTEU. I had no stable. The cow stood out in nil the storms until late in December. The hair grow very thick, almost like a buffalo robo, and she did not seem to mind the cold. There was an old chicken house on tho place, standing on posts about five feet high. It was in a hollow, and was sheltered by evergreens on the north and west As I pulled up her stake one night la a drlzzlo to let her go under the tree where I milked her, she started on the gallop for this houBc, and from that time it was her winter couch. There I milked and fed her. I tied the chahi around one of the comer poets, BO as to leave her the choice of the shelter of the building or of exposure to the storm at her discretion, and I must say that she often surprised mo by seeming as fond js a child of standing out In the rain. Under this coop I fed her fodder; the stalks she left, littered down her bed, and I had more manure in the spring than I had ever had before. A boy spread it from a wheelbarrow at twenty-five cents a day. The spring before I paid fifty cents a load for the ipannre, and two dollars and fifty cents a day for the hauling. 6 pn 4ka 10>> KEEPINO ONE COW. ABOUT SALTING. I never fed the cow ony salt for health during the Bummcr, liut Bhc kept healthy and the butter came. In the fall, I hcf^txn fecd- Inir her the house slops, night and morning, and when she did not eat them freely I put a liUle salt in. When I thought she was not eating her fodder up clean enough, I would sprinkle on a littlo brine with an old broom. I never fed salt for her good, but some- times for mine. In the fall, when I wanted her to eat up weeds Iwfore they went to seed, I used occasionally to sprinkle with bnne such spots ap I wanted eaten off closely. I never could make my old lawn-mower cut off weeds any closer than grass, but this new lawn-mower would eat these weed patches Jo the collars of the roots. My cow became used to this kind of life, makes me no trouble, has furt>ished the milk and butter for oui family of four the whole year, and some butter to send to my friends, and a little to selL I Lave fodder enough from my quarter acre to keep her until grass is abundant, and have one dollar and twenty cento of the price of my calf still on hand. I might go on and tell you how I used to buy hay at a high price for wintering my cow, and quantities of bran, brewers' grams and corn-meal ; how the hay always made her costive and hide- bound, and how she never ate it with half the relish which she does the corn fodder ; how I found it an unladylike act to raise my foot and force the garden stake into the ground, and so contrived & smaller iron that I could more gracefully plant, and that no un- ruly cow ever could pull up ; how with this new stake I can safely leave her on the lawn all uight with the fullest confidence of find- ing her in the morning just where I left her^ how when at first the cow got loose and wandered to the garden, I discovered thai the taste of the butter was disagreeably affected by her eating certain herbs, and how it was very pleasantly flavored by others ; how I am culttvatmg these herbs to make the sweetest and most golden butter ; how— but dear me I for a one-cow story it is ahready too long. iiMMIMMM 4ka the Rummcr, Init all, I bc>;an fi'cil- ^hen kIic ilul not light Hho WH8 not rinklo on a little r Rood, but sotne- • to cut up weeds to Bprinklc with I never could er than grass, but hes (o the collars C8 me no trouble, of four the whole a little to selL I her until grass is of the price of my juy hay at a high in, brewers' grams costive and hidc- relish which she ikc act to raise my , and S3 contrived t, and that no un- stnke I can safely confidence of find- how when at first , I discovered thai ted by her eating ivored by others; iwectest and most V story It is already KliKl'INO OXli COW. ia5 UNDERDRAINING AND CAHK OF MANURE. UT II. II. HALL, MEW OULEANH, LA. Let US locate one acre of land on the thirty-plglith degree of north latltiido, midway across the continent, say near tlic City of St. Louis, Wliilc under tlio IntcnHivo «yHtem of cultivation whicli will iMJ pursued, less land tlian one acre will ultimately be found Bufllcionl to supply the wants of one cow, it would not ho advis- able lo begin with a less quantity. That one aero is sulTlcicnt is opposed lo tlic general opinion, as witness the assertion of Mr. Seliull, of Little Fulls, N. Y., that the land in pasturage and hoy, requisite for the support of one cow, is three acres, and tliia accords with Iho estliKate of Mr. Carriiigton for moderately good doiry funn& in England. Colman sajs : Three acres are required for a cow In Berkslro Co., Mass. Mr. Farrington, in the Report of the American Dairymen's Association says, four; while Mr. X. A. AVillard thinks that in Herkimer Co., N. Y., one and a half to two acres will pasture one cow, and that in some excep- tional cases one acre will safflec. True it is that these estimates take into consideration gross and hay solely, onrt the treatment of the land is presumed to be that usually pursued, viz.: scant allowance of manure, absence of sub- soil drainage, and consequently shallow cultivation. But high manuring and deep cultivation are indispensable in view, viz.: the obtaining the greatest quantity of dairy food from the least land. And high cultivation, implying depth of soil, tilth, porosity and aeration is impossible without subsoil drainage ; nor in its absence does manure produce its best effects. It is foreign to the purpose of this article to elucidate the action of tile drain- ing upon crops and soil. The lasting and great benefit of the system is, to-day, a matter of such plaiu fact, that no intelligent agriculturist will question it. Therefore we begin by selecting an icre of land which affords the best facilities for laying tilc-drainago pipes. An easy slope with a good, open outlet into ditch, run, or gulch, is all that is required The advantages of a sunny exposure ore so obvious that, if possible, we should choose land which trends to the south and east. The tile-draining of one acre will necessitate an outlay of about twenty-five dollars ; but this expenditure is indispensable to the obtaining of the best results. THE DUKQ HEAP. Truly did the German agriculturist, Schwcrz, in seeing the fer- tile streamlets oozing and trickling away from the exposed manure . .» 1^0 KEEPINO ONE COW. piles of his opinionated countrymen, dcnonlmato the dung heap the " Pountalnhcad of Dcnedlctlon." This, like other blimlngs, may but loo readily be perverted In Its uses. Impressed with the necessity of husbanding every part and portion of this substratum of good agriculture, we choose between two distinct methods of saving and ullUzlng the fluid and solid dejerta, viz.: the dry and wet. In the former the dj^^cta are com- mingled with such absorbenU as dry earth, leaves, straw, sawdust, etc. ; in the latter, they are received in a tank wlien* they are mixed with sufBclont water to stay loss by too rapid fermentation. fig. 24.— A OOW STABLB WITH MAMUUI CILLAR. The application of the manure under either method is respectively in Its dry or in its liquid condition. If the dry or absorbent method bo adopted, it will be found ad- vantageous to locate the stable on a little declivity, so as to secure a manure cellar with the least excavation. Thus, in fig. 24, C represents a manure cellar under the cow , with a door at K for removal of manure. The floor and walls, to a hight of two feet, of this cellar should be cemented. The floor, on which the cow stands, should be of two-inch oak plank, with a gutter behind, and a trap to empty the contents of the gutter into the cellar. On level tracU of ground the Flemish stable, as used in parts of the Brabant, and as descrihod in the following plan fig. 25, by Felix Villeroy (Manuel do I'Eleveur de BiJtes, a Comes, tt Ed., p. 63), could be advantageously used for one cow. In figure 25, A is the place where the cow stands ; B, Passage for dis- tributing food, etc.; C, Depression where the manure is allowed to accumulate behu'd the cow j D. Cellar for roots ; E, Hayloft KKEPiyO UNE COW. Ml I the dung heap other bk'Miliit!*, every port ami choose between fluid and solid dUjecta are com- , Htraw, gnwduat, wlien* they are lid (crmcutatiua. ILLAR. }d iH respectively nil be found ad- y, BO as to securo ' under the cow, or and walls, to a ited. Tlie floor, 3ak plank, with a »t the gutter into sh stable, as used )llowiQg plan fig i«^tc8, ft Comes, U ! cow. In figure Passage for dis lure is allowed to ; E, Hay loft In this plan the floor A and ^' would require to bo flniHhrd in bricii and cement, or concrete. The warutli of the titablo uii^ht, at times, develop a tco rapid fcrnuotation of the manure. This would be checked by working the pile and by forking it over. But to securo i)erf('ct cleanliness, purity of air, and freedom of the hay stored above from the odors of fermentation going on in the Fig. 26.~SI(CTI0NAL VIBW OF HTAULK. dung heap, the manure would bo belter placed outside of the stable walls, as suggested in figure 30 (see next page). The bottom of the manure bm is only twenty- our inches below the surface, as on level ground the labor of raising the manure from a deep cellar would be disproportionate to the advuntoges of the depth. The floor of the stall should be laid in brick and cement, or in concrete, as should be the floor and lower walls of the manure bin. The floor of the stall should be kept covered with dry earth, leaves, sawdust, or spent tan-bark; ond the bottom of the bin should be covered to the depth of several inches, with similar absorbents. In the absence of •these to-l)c- preferred ma- terials, weeds, straw, or other dry vegetiible refuse, may bo used. With the gutter sufllciently inclined, the excessive urine will of itself flow readily to the bin ; the solid matter should be removed twice daily. Just before the cow is milked. The puttee should be woshcd down with a pail of water daily, and sprinkled with py|)- 8um (sulphate ot lime). The manure pile, as it increases, should Ihj constantly commingled with fresh absorbents. This is most readily aad economically done by batting a pig with a handful ot maize cast on the manure in the bin. The lusty porker will go IM KKKPIN'U ONI COW. to tbo Imltotn of tlio pile, it ncotl bo, for each gnin, and by liU ••iiiTKt'tlc riNttInK and trnmplinjr, will dally Incorporate tlio nm- tcriiiU in tlir nioxl llior«>ugh niunncr. On pa^i' 200 of lioUMingiiult'* Kural Economy (Law'M Irnniiln- tlon) art! lomc very urgent warning* agatnat the fre(|UCDt turning 6 1*1 OISTCRN Fig. 90.— PLAN or BTABLa WITB GI8TBRN AND MANtTBE Blir. together of cow-manure, with its organic absorbents, particuUirlj when the working is accompanied by the compacting tread of animals. The pile should be watched, and the slightest |>crception of the pungent ummoniacal odor should bo the signal for more absorb- ents, bearing in mind tliat all organic matter thuM composted becomes a valuable fertilizer, and remembering that nothing should be left undone to increase to the (greatest extent possible the source of your anticipated I)les8ing8. The manure bin should, of course, be so covered as to cxclnde rain and sunshine. If the liquid or dilute method bo employed, m place of the manure bin in the plan, U will be necessary to construct an uu* {rein, and by lii« 'or|H)ratu tliu nm- y (Law'h IrnnNln- (re(|UCDt turning iliould bo limited hit objection and D fermcnintion of mown 118 ('urlK)n- rough a working ► t OltTERN t MixuBi nnr. Mnta, particularly upacting tread of |>crccption of tlio for more abHorb- r thuM composted in;; tliat nothmg St extent possible red 09 to cxclndo I, m placo of the construct an uu- KKKIMNO oNK VAt\f. Uf) derRmiinil rrmmtml tinl( or cUtprn, wiy of a depth of fight fo»»t and dlamolir of kIs (o Mtvcii ff>ct at the Ixitloin. TliU tunk iiiiixt bo prorldc i with a pump for raining tlin Oiilil, the tulio of wlilrU •hould tcrininate in a itrainrr at ali«>ut twelve inchen fnim tho bottom of thi< tank. An o|>oDing should lie left In die top of the cii«tNK «OW. •INO A COW IN A VILLAOE STABLE. ■T ORAHOB *i'D», rtfiniiio, L. I. A buMnoM rann of Now York, llWn« In one of tl.o n. iKlilK^rlni; Tlllair.*, lxln< trnul.lo.l to get r-mkI milk fory.Min« tlill.lr.i. In hk fnn.lly. l M l,l)Ul)ll>ii. Com M('i«l.nl|i|.a^|M>r KMItM IS BO 401) Um. Hriiii, ut •(..'UlihT KDI lli« B W aiM) llm. Viiw Fr.Ml, "Hliorti.," at il.M per l(Wlb«. .. U 10 iWliiliKll r li.>tl>UiiK Mtntw, at lUu il 00 I'liiil iiinii for r*ri> mnl iiillkliii<, |l per WMk. . . . .MM TutuI vipviiitM fur lUO day* .14^ tt rv. 1,200 qi:irtK iif bcDl milk (I'i luart* |><>r day) at 1o.,.JMOO Muncy pruUl lu 100 days TwTM Or, to put It In nnotlior way, the six hundred quarts sold actunlly brought in forty two (l»lliini enith, nn