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Tous les autras axemplaires origineux sont filmAs en commanpant par ia premiere pege qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre pege qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants appareitra sur la darniire imege de cheque microfiche, salon le ces: le symbols — ^ signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbols ▼ signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent 6tre film68 A des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtra reproduit en un seul clichd. il est film« A partir de I'angle sup«rieur gauche, de gauche A droits, at de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'imeges nAcessaire. Las diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 22t 1 2 3 4 5 6 KOBEKTSONS CHEAF SERIES POPULAR READING AT POPUIiAK PRICES. PRACTICAL TRAINING FOR RUNMING. WALKING^ ROWIKG, ETC.. ■K mi COMPLETE. TORONTO : J. KOSS ROBERTSON, 55 KING-STREET WFS T, SOUTH-WKSr CORNER OF BAY-STRIET. 1879 m 'Hi i m O M I H I Aa T J A o n O A R q I I PRACTICAL TRAINING. PRELIMINARY REMARKS. [According to Charlks Westhaix, a phy- 8ICUN, A8 WILL AS ONE OF EhOLAND'a aaXATBST PU>ISTaiA»&] PedMtruDiam, from it* being the buia and principal agent in seouring a thorough and perieot training to all who may have, from ohoioe or neoeuity, to undergo a great amount of physical exertion, may be oon- sidered the chief feature in the preparation of men for all oonteats in whioh t[reat strength, speed, and wind may be required. From this point of view the scienoe of walk- ing will be treated in the present work ; for whether a man may have entered in an en- engagement to run, walk, jump, swim, row, or box, no training can be thoroughly aooom- plished until the athlete has undergone a certain amount nf exercise on foot, and re- duced his superi^lttous weight to such an ex- tent that he can follow up his peculiar forte with fair chance of improvement, or at least so that ha may nut have to stop short from sheer want of wind or strength. Pedestrianism, which has before been .stated to be more or leas indispensable to a man nnders;oin^ preparation, for its health- ful and beneficial effect upon the human frame, is of a most vital importance in keep- ing the required equable balance whioh should exist in every constitution, whether robust or otherwise. Good training is as re- quisite to a man who wishes to excel, as it is to the thorough-bred race-horse. A man who is fleshy and obese, might as well at- tempt to compete with a well-trained man as the race-horse that has been fed for a grize-show to M^n enter the lists with his ighly-prepared and well- trained contempor- tenes. A man may be endowed with every requisite in health, strength, muscle, length, courage, bone and all other qualifications; but if untrained, these qualifioations are of uo value, aa lu e>e>y iufitanoe, a luaa or horse wel)>trained, of much inferior endow- ments, has always under the cironmstances proved the victor. Good oonditioti, whioh u the twm used by trainers to indicate the perfect state of physioal power to which the athlete has arrived, is one of the greatest safeguards to his health ; as in many in- stanoes, severe and long-continoad exertion when unprepared has had an injuri- ous and oontinuoaaeneot on the ounatitntion, and, in some few but fortunately almost iao> lated o ases, produced almost instant death. These few words are not alone intended for the man who has to compete, but for a great portion of mankind, who through the regu- lar routine of life day after day, their busi- ness being sometimes performed with apathy, and the remainder of their time passed ,in ex- cessive smoking, eating, drinking, sleeping, sitting, or any smallpet vice to whioh they may be addicted. That such a man oaa undergo the same process of training as the professional who has an engagement to per- form some arduous task against time or a Aset antagonist, we do not ask or expect — hia occupation would not allow the same time ; but the assertion that he would perform his allotted duties with more pleasure to him- self and more satisfaction to all concerned if he were to submit to undergo a partial training, is a truth that ought to be tested by all who have any regard for continued good health. Were this system carried on* to even a small extent, the physician woold haveoauae to lament the decline of his praotice, and the advertising quack become a nonentity. As a proof how neoesaary training is considered by the professional, it is only requisite to ask any pediastrian of note for his candid opinion to satisfy the inorednloos. The higher in the pedestrian grade the man may be to whom the que*- tion may be put the better, in Iconsequenea of his having gone through the whole per^ formanoe, from novicehoM upwards ; and in every instance, it will be found that more than one of his defeats will be attributed to want of condition (proper training) arising from negUot to walk on other causes, snoE as earelaasnesB in Jiet, want of practice, and in some iostaaces, from aef(ieot ui iiie pre- oepts attempted to be inculcated by his trainer. Most of the above mistakes have ariaen tifrom ovwwaening ooniidenoe in Ua own powen, or from nn. Its * '12 W PRACTICAL TRAINING. demtinghMadvwruriM'abiliUaa. HoweTer willing and thoughtful he may have been, Uieae oontretempi' have almost invariably l>een the fate of all »ur leading athletea, not only in the pedestrian circle, bat in the ring, on the water, and in all sporta in which a great lead has ever been Uken by man. He will inform the quariet that he will requre from a month to two months for hts prepa- ration, and if he has been out of practice for aorae time, even more— thus showing to the dullest intellect the requisite time and attention needed ; for if a man who haa •hone preeminent in the ■(^•re he haa ^•en for his exariiions, and haa had the Denetitof previous truinings, must again un- dergo the same ordeal as heretofore, a man totally untrained must at least require the •»»• preparation, as well as a greater amount of practice, to fully develop his particular forte us a pedestrian. To sum up i« a few words, training is a complete system ot diet and exercise duly carried out and •tenuously adhered to. From the mode of life which almost all lead, the health be- oomaa impaired, and the only remedy will be duoovered by him who foUows the prin- oiple of training in some form or otherT the more simple the better. That the same sys. tern of training will suit all constitutions, it would be absurd folly to advance; or that the same amount of work and strictness of» diet IS requisite for a man about to run a race of one hundred and twenty yards, aa im m struggle of an hour's duration, would be equally preposterous. Nevertheless, the groundwork of training arises from the bene- au derived from regular diet and steady ex- epowe. lYaining wiU bring out all the hith- erto latent powers of th« athlete, rainng the man who haa previously been considered almost a nonentity into publio notice, the one of mediocre oalibre into the first nuik. and thoroughly develop the exceUenoie^ etc?! of thfl farst-claai proficient to aaextenthhat wiU not only aurpriae himself, bat his wmo. oMes and long-tried frienda and backers. Training is tha process of getting » num "^^^Vfriorm any mnsouhur feat from artate of obesity and almost total inoapabi- Uty into a perfect state of health, whioh is 'z^'^ ^ *°® Sf'*** increase of strength activity, wind, and power to continue great exertion and ipace to the extent ot his etutow- ments. It u this acquired power whioh enaUes the pedestrian to persevero in his arduous task, apparently in deapite of na- ture, which, but for his thorongh prepara- tion, would hftv« loaff k«*«— iZ -..rTz. proatrate. So much is depending upon, and so many resulto aoeming to the affioienor of the trauer, that a few words of friendly ad- vice to that afficial will not be out of pJaoe ; for although the veteran has leara^lhe precepts given below by heart, yet there i» always a Beginning to all occupations. Am a rnle. a great pedestrian is not qualified at the outset of t,, career aa a trainer to under- take the care of most men. in consequence of there being a leaven of the reiaemfcranoe ofthe manner in which he went through hia work, etc.. which will in most instance ren- aer tiim less tolerant than is requisite to the m«i of mediocre talent Another difficulty istofandone with sufficient education and forethought to be able to study the different constitutions of the men under his nde The above are only a few of the objections ': but all are of conseqnenoe, so much depend- ing upon the treatment of the man mde- pMident of hu daily routine of exeroise and aiet Ihe man who goes tiret into trainina ie like an unbroken colt, and requires as m^oh delicate treatment. The temp^ of the bined ought to be studied aa carefuUy as that rf the quadruped, so that his mind can be care- fully prepared for his arduous situation, which is one of abstinence, and in some oaaea total depnvation, whioh always tries tha patience and frequently the temper of tha competitor, who In these cases ihould be encouraged by word and example, showi^ that the inoonvenienoea he ia nndergoinff are ^f\tl preliminary steps to the attainment m..!;r ^^h "trength, and elasticity of muscle which have oansed so many befon him to accomplish almost apparent impossi- bibties. Suo£ a trainer is w^ a huidred of those who have no judgment in the regulation of the work whioE a man nuv take witoont in any way making him anx. loustoshunhisdutyortotumaSuen. Let the tramer bear in mind and always remem- ber that a fit of Ul-tomper ia aa iijur^ to the man in training aa any other excess. In f *°^ J"*""**' ^"^ • aupposed well, founded cause of complaint, *^roontinMd oivU war has arisen in the cabinet, whioh hM not been queUed, perhaps, untU the dissension has h«i a very aertois effect in destroying the pedestrian's confidence in his tMiner s capabilities and temper, as weU aa throwing back the trained man moat mate- rially in his advanoe towards condition. Nevertheless, the mentor should bo firm in hia manner, intelligible in his explanationa. and by no means bigoted in his favourite m- Upns respecting the uae of any particular me- dicine or 'nostrum' whioh he may think mav be requisite tc the welfare of his man. The tnuaor, of oouiwj is known or supposed to U^J*^'^ intaff^ity. and havini thewel- fare of hia man as his first aim ; and on this m a great aeamra depends the aumatary PRACTICAL TRAINING. intereits of the man and hi* baokera. We are sorry to have to mention thatraohaman ia requisito aa a trainer, but consider it necessary to mention it, as, if the trainer is not honest, and has not his heart in the well* doing of hia nan, all the pains taken by the pedestrian would be nullified and rendered of no avaiL The trainer must be vigilant night and day, never leave his man, and must act according to his preaching, and be as abatemions, or nearly so, as his man, whom it ia hia duty to encourage in improve- ment, to cheer when despondent, and to check if there are at any time symptoms of a break-out from the rules laid down — but at all times he must, by anecdote, etc., keep the mind of his man amused, so that he may not brood over the privations he is tinder- ffoing. Let the trainer not forget that clean- unesa is one of the first mles to be attended to, and that the bath can hardly hurt his man in any season if only due precautions be observed, always bearing in mind that it is a preventative instead of a provocative to colds, catarrhs, and the long list of ills at- tendant upon a sudden chill. The duration of the batn is, of course, to be limited, and • brisk mbbing with coarse linen cloths until the surface is in a glow will always be found sufficient to insure perfect safety from dan- ger. Of course, the amount of medicine re- quired by any man will depend upon his constitution as well as the lowness of his nervous system, in some cases there being no occasion to administer even a purgative. Bnt these are the times when tne skill of the trainer is brought into requisition, and if he knows his bnsiuess he will in these in- stances give his man stimulating and gecer- ons diet until he is enabled to undergo the necessary privations to get him into a proper atateto be called upon to work to get into condition. In no instance ought he to allow hia man to sweat during the days on which he has taken a purgative, as in many in- stances men have been thrown back in their preparation, or, a> it is professionally termed, ^ trained ofiF.' The best teat wh^ all the -■aperflnona flesh has beentrainH off by sweating, by long walks or mns, as the case may be, is taken from the fairness and brightness of the skin, which is a certain otiterion of good health. The quickness with which perspiration ia dried on rubbing with towels, sufficient leanness and hard- ness of the muscles, is also the right tfmt that reducing has been carried to the proper TRAINING FOR PEDESTRIANI8M. There being so many classes of individuals who may derive benefit frrm training, aaoh of whom have different modes of living, and whose particular line of excelleneiea ara as different from eaoh other as light from .^vk, it must be patent to ail that the saitie system carried out to the letter wonld not have the same beneficial effect on all, the more especially in the dietarv system, which, in almost every caae, would require some change, as no two men have ever scaroely been found to thrive equally well on a stereo* typed mle. The pedestrian alone comprises a class by itself, which is subdivided into aa many different ramifications aa there are other sports and professions that require severe training ; therefore, aa pedestrianiam is the groundwork of all training and all ex- cellence in athletic games, it is the intention to give the hints requisite for the man idio is matched to get himself sufficiently well in bodily health and bodily power to undergo his practice with credit to himself and train- er, and justice to his backers. In all en- gagements for large amounts there is almost invariably a trainer engaged to attend to the man who is matched, who is supposed to thoroughly understand his business ; there- fore these few words are not intended for the guidance of those in the same position, but tor those who may wish to contend for superiority, for honour, or smal' profit. Tho same amount of work and strict regimen is not requisite for the sharp burst of a hnn- dred yards or so, that it imperative on the trained man to undergo prepiritation for the more arduons strnggb fa mile's dnra- tion ; bnt, as stated befor M r I ^'i f * '11 6 PRAOTIOAL TKAININO. ifgion, b«t the ainiik wiU almyt b* foaod •M DMt A oouple of ftQti-bilioui pilli at night, and lalts and aeana in the fnorniog, kM answered every purpoer. It is reason- MM, however, to suppose that any one who has arrived at sufficient years to compete in a pedestrian oontest has found out the pro- par remedies for his particnLu' inter* ual oomplainU. The internal portion of the man's frame, therefore, being in an an* healthy oonditiun, the time haf arrived when the athlete may commence his training in proper earnest ; and if he be bulky, or of ob- «M habit, he has no light task before him. If he has to train for a long-distance match, *Im preparation will be almost similiar, whether walking or running. The work to M done depends very much on the time of year. In the summer the man should rise at five in the morning, so that, after having taken his bath, either shower or otherwise, there will have been time for a slow walk of •n hour's duration to have been taken before breakfast— that is, if the weather be favourable ; but if otherwise, a bout at the 4amb-bells, or half an hour with a skip- pins-rope, swinging trapeze, or vaulting-bar, will be found not unfavourable as a good sub- stitute. Many men can do without any Bonrishment whatever before going for the morning's walk, but these are exceptions to the rule. Most men who take the hour's walk before breaking their fast feel faint and weak in their work after breakfast, at the conunencement of their training, and the blame is laid on the matutinal walk ; when if a new-laid egn bad been beaten in a i(ood •ap'of tea, and takei«ai''vious to going out, mo symptom o£ iaintness would have been felt, although it is expected some , fatigue iwoald be felt from the unwonted exertion. The walk should be taken at such a pace that the skin does not become moist, but hare a good healthy glow on the surface, Mid the man be at once ready for his break- fast at seven o'clock. The breakfast sbonld consist of a good mutton chop or a cutlet, from half a pound upwards, according to ap- petite, with dry bread at least two days old, or dry toast, washing down with a cup or two of good tea (about a half a pint in all), with hat bttle and if possible no milk. Some g've a ghus of old ale with breakfast, but it at this time of the day too early to intro- dooe any such stimulant After having nstrtion of the same, whether he is training; either for running or wallcing. This portion of the day's work must be ref(u- ' lated by the judgment and advice of the trainer, who of course is the holder of the watch by which the athlete is timed, and is the only penon capable of knowing how far towards success the trained man has pro- grassed in his preparation. It is impossible for the pedestrian to judge by his own feel- ings how he is performing or has performed, inconsequence of, perhaps, being stiff from Us work, weak from redncinK, or jaded from want of rest. The trainer should encourage hia man when going through his trial suc- oaaafnlly, but stop him when making bad time, if he is assured the tried man is using the proper exertion. The rule of always ■topping him when the pedestrian has all hia power out, and yet the watoh shows the pcoe unot 'up to the mark,' should never be Iwoken ; for the man who so struggles, how- ever game he may be, or however well in health, takes more of the steel out of himself than diays of careful nursing will restore. If •topped in time, another trial in»,y be at- tempted on the following day,or ; v ,ay rate, the next but one. In a trial • t a sprint race, which of conrse must be run through to know the time, if the day is any way near at hand, suppose a week or ten days off, total reat should be taken the following day until the itftemoon, when another trial should take nlace, when a difference in favour of the pe- aei trian will in some instances be found to Itave been accomplished. In Westhall's ex- perience in sprint racing there has been in- variably the above successful result. Of 'obnrse, after the trial a good hard rublHnfi! ahdnld be administered, and the work of the day be oonaidered at an end. Tea-time will ilbw have arrived, and the meal should oon- ■iit of stale brettd or toast and tea, as at breakfaat, and, if the man haa a good appe- ^to, a new laid egg or two may be added with 'adTantagft. In the summer a gentle walk will assist to n*— away the time "intil bed- time, which should be at an early hour. Before nttinff intD bed another good rubbing ■honld De aoministeKd, and the man left to his repose, which will in most caaea be of the moat aoand and refreahing character. SLEEP. Of this, eighthours is an ontaida limit, and from six to seven will generally be found saf> ficient, retiring to rest not later than 11 p. m., and rising from about 6 a.m. to 7.30. a.m., according to circumstances. The bedroom window should always be kept open at top and bottom, aliahtly in winter and wide in summer. Foul air generated by the human breath is never more hurtful than in a bed- room. Too much clothing should not be placed over the cheat while sleeping, as by so doing respiration it, more laboured, and the legs and extremities, not the trunk, n- quire extra covering for purposes of warmth A mattress should be always used to sleep on, never a feather bed. High pillows ana bolsters are very injurious. "The natural height to which the head should be raised in sleep is about the thickness of the upper por- tion of the arm, which consti.tatea the pillow as designed by nature. CLOTHING. Flannel should be worn next the nitin throughout the year, but beyond this no i«- striction is necessary when in muftL The best attire for running is a pair of thin meri- no or silk drawers reaching to the knee and contined round the waist by a broad elaatio band. For the upper part of the body a thin morino or silk Jersey is the best. No cover- ing for thi) head is usually worn, but in a race of such long duration as a seven milea walking or ten miles running contest, it is advisable to wear a cap or straw hat if the rays of the sun are very powerfuL For run- ning, thin shoes made of French calf, and fitting the foot Uke a kid glove when laoed up, are worn. The sole should be thicker than the heel, and contain four or five spikee, the lacing being continued almoet down to the toe. For walking races the heel should be thicker than the sole, and containing a few sparrow-bill nails, none being required in the toes. Chamois leather socks, just coverinff the toes, but not reach- ing above the top of the shoe, are the beat adapted for running. Ordinary merino SuCii.3, uut uoi thick and hnavy like tvoTstod ones, are worn over the chamois leather coverings, and are the best for walking, as they prevent the dust and grit raiaed from Ml PRACTICAL TEAININO. the path fromgetting between the ihoe ud ttoe foot Eioept for eweatiog purpoeee. K "fi *''t«'"* t"** •'"'*'' '^'"B much im. P^ed thereby. A piece of oork Sf »n .long- TIME AND DURATION OF TRAINING FOR RUNNING. '^'''"^ The forejfoiDR are the foundation ralee which oonatituto training, but of course they require modifloation according to circum. Btanoes, which muit be left to the judgment of the pedentrian or the trainer, if he hM that mtion. For inatanco, the man haa had too much sweating and forced work, in conse- quenoeof which he i, getting weak, and in the professional terra. • training off,' This «tt.-„Tfl ^ -^ recognized by the muscles getting flaccid and sunken, with patches of red •ppeanng in different parts of the body, •nd the man suffering from a continual and unquenchable thirst. These well-known ■ymptoms tell the trainer that rest must be given to the pedeatrinn, as well as a relaxa- tion from the strict rule of diet A couple of days release from hard work will in most oases prove successful in a'laying the unwel- come symptoms, and far preferable to flying •o poigatires for relief. ' ^ The space of time which Will be required by » young and healthy man will be from six XnfK- ■? couple of months; but longer !„? tw '-.'^ possible, would be preferable- not that It would be really wanted to im- prove on the mere physical condition of the n»n, but to enable the pedestrian, when able. ll ^ /°y •'>* " regards exertion, and W.fTJ" *"°u ^°' P"^*'''« ** li" particular length ; for however fit a man may be as re- SlJin^ u** P'^P®' leanness, if unpractised he would have no chance of success. The prmoipal rules of training, therefore, are Wgntanty, moderate work, and abstinence ; 2»l-n- f ^'^Jnncts are but the necessary •mbellishmentH to the other useful rulea. When training for running a long distance -Hwy from four to ten miles— the man should S^I^k"*^.'^ practise daily; for the short- er length going the whole distance, nnd for suJnTMu'y **"« ,di«tance. according to £ •L*1f'*V''i''*''*y' «• well «, whether ^L "**'", '^ ^^ »' otherwise. For a j««« ""I — ' "■."^' '"^ "^^y ^ 'O good health dMo not require very much severe work, but the dutanee most be accomplished at top •pee'*°^''i"{ •°™« "vo weeks or so be- fore the day of his race, begin his praotioe by a steadvrun, three or f^ir tinieiad*^ • qurrter ol a mile or so ; so genUy at fiS M to produce no stiffness of the muscle, whS the temperature produced by the exeroiM has subsided, ani the circiaWon hw T covered Its usual condition. Whentheaov!^ ln°fKt!?K* ^"'e8«int« moderate good fettlsL so that they could stand a UtUe sharp woriZ he might quicken up for about fifty yards i^ «wh 01 his quarter spins ; and ai he flnda .liT* T°! "*" ^ »ccompU,hed without the slightest strain on any muscle, the long di». Unces may be condensed into tiro a dTT and two sprints of his distance is about . hfth longer time than he would Uke in the race. By this means the muscles get wort ed up by deg.ees to bear the neceasarr stram required. ' As he hnds his muscles become hard and flexible, he should lessen the length of his spins untU they *re of the same Iwgth as in the riwe. This point will be »rrived^at sonw nine daya or so before the day, and in th«ie nine day-i all his energies must be devoted »?ri^?^ 1"**K**?*' "^getting quickly into stride As the day approaches, let him ot- tain the services of some sprint ninntr to use as a trial horse; and ihe bert way of turning his trial horse to ac- count IS by making him sUrt slowly some 10 yards in the rear, and, aa he passes the novice, who is ready at the scratch, let him quicken up into racing pace for about OO yards. By this means th« novice is ea- oouraged to get off quickly, and a surer line can be tak(!n as to improvement in startiw than if the trial and binueH starts on evoB terms. Again, the tendency of all yonna runners to watch their adversary at the sUrl 18 counteracted, the opponent in this wwr bMng in advanoe, with a atraightoonrae oi^ left open for the oovioe to the maaL So many sprinters,- from standing inawroM Ction at the scratch, or from takinsA . 'er stride wish one leg than thiothw. jostle or mn anro.. tfcei* .—IT-v *l» spin, thereby either lonng tSw^^ ^haM of success or depriving^ere of it AbS w«iiuung makes a bi3 end, and nothing !• ■0 detrimei Be may gat perhaps sel oroasedhim per swing, I make up wi Avoid walk tend to stifl slow. Ne only get th< of it Alwi aa you woul an easy, spr the rsce kec and never Ic let misgivii your oppone not be able good S9Coud engage in wi give you cot time for \iH to lOi. acco top speed is are covered. beat two oti 100 yards wi wind ia not i of muscle. greater care starting ; th greater will the muscle. clothing on i ferred. The keeps up a ■nrfaoe, and oial reductioi sweatings, bi old school. QUARTER A quarter the 300 yarm cording to th the distance puative eas for aboat\ to within' '"i when the wh4 three timeai slower the lai the last throe PRACTICAL TSAINIJS?0. id •boat Um t mstoh will lanilM, iriAli •pply op to Hkfter wkioh leturjr. ki or so b«- bia praotioe timea » d*y, Qtly kt first insolea when |he exeroiM ion hMi !•■ len the dov- sood fettla^ ib»rp work, Fty yards in M ho finds irithottt tha 16 long dif- two a dsy, issboat • take in the I get work- I neaenssfj B hard soil igth of h^B BOffth as in 'ed at some id in these 9e devoted liokly into et him ob- it nuuMT ihe b^ B to «0- [y some 10 MtSSM th« 1, let him about 00 ice is eo< sorer liqe I startiqg d on eTflfi Ul yomu; itbesWi thurar nrseoi^ oaL So a wroiig taking* lie other, Bohai^ AbMl thing is so detrimental to a sprbUr as a bad start. He may get shot oat, na loses his stride, or perhaps gets spiked by the roan who has oroesed bim ; and when he does get into pro- per swing, be is too far behind to be able to make up what was lost at the beginning. Avoid walking long distances ; they rather tend to stiffen the uiusoles and make them •low. Never miss your rcoe ; if you can only get the one spin daily, mske the most of it. Always run in form— that is to say*, as you would in the rwse, in yonr toes, with an easy, springing action of the thighs. In the rsoe keep your eyes well on the tape, and never lessen your pace when in front, or let misgivings disturb you when behind ; yonr opponent may have the pace of you and not be able to stay. It is better to be a good second than nowhere. Every race you engage in will increase your experience and ^ve you confidence for the next time. Good lime for 100 yards ranges from 11 seconds to lOJ, according to the ground, Ac. The top speed is seldom obtained until 40 yards are covered. A good sprinter will genei My beat two others in 200 yards, each to run 100 yards with him on end. For sprinting, wind is not such a desideratum as elasticity ol muscle. The shorter the distance, the greater care and practice should be made in starting ; the longer you have to sprint, the greater will be the necessity of working up the muncle. In 4)ractice, run^witb as slight clothing on as possible ; buff is to be pre- ferred. The action of the air on the skin koeps op a healthy flow of blood to the snrfaoe, and will do more towards a benefi oial reduction of weight than any amount of sweatings, baths, or other appliances of the old school. QUARTER AND HALF IMILE RUN- NINO. A quarter of a mile is, perhaps, next to the 300 yards, the most patronized of any. AaanminK our trainee to be in robust health, the mnscles should be gradnally aooustomed to the exercise by slow spins of half a mile esoh, two or three times a day, taking nboot from 3min. to 2min. 25sec.. ao- oordingtothe individual, to do it. When the distance is accomplished with com- purative easo, practise style and paoe for about 300 yardn to 350 yards to within ubout a week of the nuj*. when the whole distsnce may be mn, two or three times at top speed for 400 yards, slower the last 40. Ease nptbe practice in the but throe days, merely working np pace for 100 yards or so. The same method of training will ioit the half mile runner, with the exceptions of his spins behig longer, and more attention psdd to an equal paoe of go- ing. The quarter'Vfqu ires more speed than the half mile ; consequently that point must be attended to. A steady, machine-like style of going pays best for the half mile rnnndr. ONE MILE RUNNING AND UPWARDS. In practising for a mile race and npwards, a long, steady coutrc of slow running must be gone through to get the limbs ami he wind gradually accustomed to the work, jia they improv , quicken your pace, and for nrile running practise half a mile or so in about 2min. 20sec., until the wind becomes good ; then lengthen the daily spins to three-quarters of a mile fast, and the last quarter slowly. Never do much work the last few days, but have a few fast spins of 300 yards or so, to keep the muscles in form, in longer distance trainingf the same steady oractice must be followed, with this exoep- \,inn, that, instead of practising pace, rather get the condition of wind and muscle up as high as practicable, and reserve your energies for the day of the race. >m HURDLE RACING. The usual hurdle race distance is 120 yards, with 10 dights of hurdles 3ft. Gin. high and 10 yards apart. This gives a run of 16 yards at both ends The quickest way of getting over them is by taking them in stride, or technically bucking them. If the ground is firm and level, this can be done, And three strides will take the iumpe." from bardie to hurdle, the fourth taking him over. Should the ground be uneven, slippery or heavy, great care is required in bucKing them. Tou'^hing the top ba' will inevitably be followed by a fall or a stumble sufficient to put the jumper out of the race. In buck- ng, the spring is iaken from one leg, and the alight comes on the other ; so that the jump instead of being an actual interruption of the regular strides, as happens when the spring and the alight come on the same leg, is merely an exaggerated stride. The advantage of bucking is apparent to anyone who has tried and who is strong enough to bear the strain which the high hurdles require. The lower the hurdles are, the greater is the superiority of bnokug over jumping. To acquire the art ^7' I ' . ' #.*» 10 PRACriCAL TRA^I^^NG. of taking the hurdUi in stride, prAotise over jumpa about 2 ft. 6 in. high, at the proper dutanoe apart» until the ityle is learnt. HINTS IN, BEFORE, AND AFTER THE RACE. In sprinting, a good start is of such im- portance that we would suggest a careful practice m it It is a curious fact tliat a novice will invariably start with one foot a yard or so behind the other, either with the body bent down low, or with the body erect. »nd swinging the arms tu if they were the means of propulsion about to be trusted to. In the former case, he runs one yard more than his distance, in the latter he exhausts and nnsteadies himselt Start with both teet within six inches of one another, the weight of the body resting on that foot which is farthest from the scratch, and the toe on the side nearest the gaol, just touch- ing the ground, and ready to take the first rtep over the mwk ; the body must be kept w^ up, so that the first spring is taken Bteadilv and in a straight fine. As this method is the quickest for getting ofif the Mdestri * ^^ *^**^^ ^ *'^®'^ description of Before any contest, when you are stripped. take a trot to get the limbs into order and keep them warm ; the muscles will be less likely to get strained if well heated before- hand. In running with a chicken-hearted man, race at him, and, if you feel done, fancy that he feeljs worse. Run as straight to the goal as possible ; it is the nearest way home, and therefore the quickest. The arms should be kept up well up, and moved in the direction of the course, and not swung across the body. Any scrambling in a race is fatal to » good walker ; the motion of his less i^uld be mechanical. In walking races if a f^r«f ^ r ^,?" '^•"'P.we" «°. »«>d try and forget It ; it wdl 3ver last bng if you Ire in good condition. In a race with heats, after • heat he down on your back, and keep the legs rwed up, in order that the blood forced may be assisted by its own gravity to return to the trunk. Rest is the best care for a strain, and is much assisted by oold water application. In a strain of the internal orgs r 8, their complexity renders repair a more difficult operation, as they do not allow of repose ; recourse should therefore be had to a physician. Euaaing on the toes on a path is to be re- commended, as enabling a longer stride to be t»iien, and giving an easier motion to the body, and less jar at each stop. In h'eavv ground, however, it ik of little use. as th« •inking of the toe in the soil interferes With the spring, attd necessitates a larger snrfaoto •teidi * * purohastfor the nexi Never in practice run with mtny clothes on ; If the weWher is cold, clothe in proper- tion. The aotaon of the air on the skin in- cresses its healthy vigour. A piece of Cork js often held in each hand to grasp whUo running. In a long distance race, rinsing the mouth out with warm tea with a little brandy in it, and munching a crust, will often take away any dryness of throat Never commence fast sprinting in practice unless the muscles are thoroughly warm. Strains would seldom happen if this wai attended to. Fruit fresh picked is not to be discarded. A small quantity, when ripe, will often give tone to the stomach and cool the blood. Of dried fruits, figs are supposed to be the most serviceable. vtr"-^ TRAINING PRACTICE. FAIR WALK- ING, ETC. Walking is the most useful and at the same time most abused branch of athletic sporta • not so much from the fault of the pedestrians as from the inability or want of courage of the judge or referee to stop the man who in his eagerness for fame or determination to gain money anyhow, may trespass upon fair walking, and run. Walking is a succession of steps, not leaps, and with one foot always on the ground. The term ' fair toe and heel ' was meant to infer that, as the foot of the back leg left the ground, and before the toes had been lifted, the heel of the fore- most-foot should be on the ground. Even this apparently simple rule is broken almost daily, in consequence of the pedestrian per- forming with a bent and loose knee, in which esse the swing of his whole frame when going at any pace will invariably brina bothfeetoflf the ground at the same time; and although he is going heel and toe, he is not taking the required succession of steps, but is infringing the great and prinnipal one. of one foot being continually on the ground. The same fault will be brought on by the pedestrian leaning forward with his body, and thereby leaning his weight on the frottt foot, which, when any great pace is intended, or the performer begins to be fatigued, ii intn n varn aKn^f -f-:;*. " iii-j- , , ^-- — ' — J — "• - .»^(kO^, auu LIICQ into a most undignified trot There is no finer sight an^ong the long catalogue of ath- letio sports more exhilarating and amalihg to the trqe S| matob oarriei meaning, eac tion of whicl at a pace whi totally unikbl witnessed to fair walker, i amons the shonld be up shoulders w< motion, held at every stric the less, wet be well thro^ slack, to givi and the legs from the hip body, and all the heel bein the foot to m arms, as aboi lance of the 1 from the groc being pursu( plished the p tion of his ri short time difficulty will reot manner. liow to walk, training, wb rules as ha^ with the diffe must be takei trot by all m( continued ^( this rule will severe, notwi Aitohes, and proper train which every i can be consid opon as a fast must not be c and uncertain oome up to hi in mind that, destrian goes with great ap] the rudiment! practice has e parent imposa overcome alm< walker mast \ anoe,' and a i.ractioe. Th ■hculd walk s weather perm which should short drawers starting, he i PRACXICAL TRAINIFG. >op. In heavy :2e nae, m the Qterferea With larger aurfao* for tho next miny dothei the in proper- 1 the skin in- piece of cork '•0 grasp whUe race, rinsing with a little • ornst, will M of throat. ; in practice n^hly warm. > if this wae d is not to be , when ripe, iBch and cool «re supposed IR WALK- d at the same iletto sports ; e pedestrians f courage of man who, in irmination to MS upon fair a succession ) foot always !oe and heel ' foot of the before the of the fore- luud. Even oken almost lestrian per^ Be knee, in rhole frame mably bring same time ; id toe, he is ion of steps, rinnipai one, the ground, it on by the I his body, n the froiat is intended, iguedj eue of atih- la amuiiAg 11 to the trqe spqrtsnian, thap to see a walking- match carried out tu the stHot letter of the ineaning, each moving with the grandest ac- tion of which the human frame il capable, at a pace which the feeble frame and inind is totally unable to comprehend, and must be witnessed to be believed. To be a i;ood and fair walker, according to the reoogniEed rule among the modern school, the attitude shonld be upright,, or dearly so, with the shoulders well back, and the arms, when in motion, held well up in a bent position, and at every stride swing with the movement of the legs, wed across the chest, which should be well thrown out. The loins should be ■lack, to give plenty of ^gedom to the hips, and the legs perfectly stfiught, thrown from the hip boldly, directly in front of ^ body, and allowed to reach the ground with the heel being decidedly the first portion of the foot to meet it. The movement of the arms, as above directed, will keep the ba- lance of the body, and bring the other leg from the ground, when, the same conduct being pursued, the tyro will have accom- I>lished the principal and most difBicult por- tion of his rudiments. This will in a very short time become natural to him, and the di£5culty will be the iafringment of the cor- rect manner. The novice having learned how to ^alk. and being matched, requires training, which must be under the same mles a$ have been laid down previously, with the diflCerence, however, that his sweats must be taken at his best walking- pace, the trot by all means being totally barred. A continued perseverance in the practice of this rule will enable the pedestrian to per- severe, notwithstanding all the shin-aches, Aitohes, and other pains attendant on the proper training for a walking- match, and which every man must undergo before he oan be considered worthy of being looked upon as a fast and fair walker. The tyro must not be discouraged with his firsc feeble and uncertain attempts if they should not oome up to his crude anticipations, but bear in mind that, although tbe accomallshed pe- destrian goes through his apportjoned task with great apparent ease, he has gone through the rudiments, and that nothing but great practice hfs enabled him tp perform the ap- parent iiiipossibilities which are successfully overcome almost daily, Therefore the young walker mast take for his motto * Persever- ance,' and act up the skme by continued i-raotice. The man training for a match ■hnnM ws]k !■">>>#> r>nKlnn ^.#'T*.s ^la*^— .-- it weather permits, dail; , in his walking-dress, which should consist of a light elastic shirt, ■hort drawers, and Ught Oxford ties. On starting, he must go off at his very best pace, and continne it for at least three hun- dred yirds or a quarter of a mile, by which time he will have begun to blow very freely, and then, getting into a good, long, regular stride, his principaf aim must be to keep his le« well in advance of his body. The rule of getting away fast in triUs should be invariably carried out; it pre- pares the man for a sharp tussle with his op- ponent for the lead, and will hinder him being taken off his legs in the match. When tired he can also ease his exertions ; but if he is in the habit of going off at a steady gait, in the generality of instances he is virtually defeated in a match before he has commenced racing. Moreover, he must, when undergoing distress from the pace he has been doing, never by any chance cease his resolute and ding-dong action ; for dis- tress, if once given way to by easintr, will of course leave the sufferer, but at the same time all speed has also departed, and not for a short space of time either, but sufficiently long for the gamer man, who would not suc- cumb to the inevitable result of continued severe exertion, to obtain such an advantage as would be irrecoverable, as well as to con- quer the aches and pains which invariably leave the well-trained pedestrian when the circulation and respiration become equalised — ' second wind ' it is better knov.-n by. Af- ter this happy and enviable stage of affairs has been reached the work beoomea mechanical, abd the pedestrian from time to time is enabled to put on spurts and dashes that would astonish himself at any other time when not up to thorough con- cert pitch. The recovery from these electrifying dashes is almost instan- taneous, and the pedestrian keeps on his satisfactory career until sheer fatigue gradu- ally diminishes his speed, although none of the previous aches and pains are present. The trainer must not forget the previously- mentioned rule of stopping the man when good time is not the result of his best and hardest exertion, so that bad time proves unerringly that something must lie amiss which requires looking to thoroughly. As well might the engineer of a locomotive, on finding out that some of the internal works o! his engiiie were out of gear, put on all his steam, and ' then wonder at the machin- ery beiag out of order at a future time of trial, OniB Word more. Let the man continually bear in mind that 'it is the pace that kills.' c»i:« vuav Bivvr TTBin.i[i}{ ncvcr m&ac a last race or fast man ; let him practice at his best pace, which will daily improve. The commence- ment of fast work will most likely bring on paiUB of the shins, which will be sore after '«•• ■:| ■fe" c-^ '»tl * 'H 12 PRACTICAL TRA^fioNO. the exertion hM been duqontinnod. m well Mother portion, of the frame being in th" ««ne predicment. Hand-rubbing* with a BbmnUting embrocation (of which the re* «».pt IS appended) before a good fire wUl L mo.t ingtancea be all that w%equired ; but tf obetinate a hot bath wiU insure the re- ThJ^K**' , *''« obstinate twitche.7 e". St.- u?"/"; "wtch-walking should be of JtreX^Ht description commensurate with !&V **''V*'.''**°°« required. They Jpuldbe of sufficient widt^ and length to SI! i%K ""^'l' ^^ *«'>^«'>'' of th« f«wt full K^l: ^'ttout being in the alighteat degreo trnTJ^\ They should be llfed up the t^fK Ik ,5 the body. The practice of this «uid of exer. cise must, therefore, be beneficial to those whose lungs and heart are toe delicate to ■tand any of those sports, such as rowing, running. et&, working pow withabamm( sinnnng whil this the ran a or seven yardi ran swing the Inm, in the di three times, u mentum, and few attempte, afterwards, as two rans can 1 ened in prop ever, take thn two will be fo turns, run as f sible, taking 1( good impetus. gal force of the round low, anc the body. Th( straight the wl they were a pr work is done b loins, and in d soiatoh the ath bear m mind lifting to leg. the swing as tl last half of the minated by the the line paraU must be let go, ment being thn impetus of tl should describe of not more tha ground. Avoid ran, and inoreai successive turn. 111b. hammer, ; 186 feet Th* thrown over 94. PUTTI Balance the b side turning to\ foot being j^aoei as possible, and the weight, Witt shoulder ; raise stretoh of the ar the mnsdes get i weight of the be the left foot tone when the balanoi hoi> three feet to spring up shai pi remoTft]. The worn exocpii in the trukl, u W eots wear off. flight npon, u the jump, bat enoe when he a twist of the I. Hard turf, I in until the the best fair gh and broad fG. lut twelve feet them slowly, off and quibk- The great staking off too out of step in obTiated by Qce until the strides is ao> cannot be too 1 be raised as nd thrown as be done with > fear need be >r alightins if i the landinff >etuB derived it part of the t momentum the progress is arrested, sent to the ciently bind- leels clearly nixed make )ft plaoe to ing at the more confl- by landing; cause a sen< ro. sok are the ay in ham> erelopment lein aniat- portion of ud of axer- a to those delioate to as rowing, PRACTICAL TRAINING. ranmng, etc., which so particnlarly tax their workiDS powers. Commencing practising with a hammer about 71b., until the art of smnrang while ninning is acquired ; to learn this the ran should be taken at first only six or seven yards from the soratch ; before the ™° "J""? ^^^ hammer well, like a pendn- Inm, in the direction of the mark two or three times, until it haa acquired a good mo- mentum, and then start, taking at the first few attempts, one turn only in the run ; afterwards, as the practice becomes easier,' two runs can be made, and the runs length- ened in proportion. Some athletes, how- ever, take three or four turns, but as a rule, two will be found sufficient Between the tunis, run as far towards the scratch as pos- aible, taking long, even strides to acquire a good impetus, and keeping up the centrifn- gal force of the hammer by swinging it well round low, and in a plane at ri«ht angles to the body. The arms should be kept quite straight the whole time, merely acting as if they were a prolongation of the handle. The work is done by the muscles of the back and loins, and m delivering the hammer at the soratch the athlete should, above ^1 things, bearm mind that he does not lift it as if hfting to leg. The ' devil ' must be put into the swing as the hammer descends in the last half of the turn, so that the force is cul- minated by the time the hammer is crossing the line paraUel to the scratch, where it must be let go, the body at the same mo- meat bemg thrown back to counteract the impetus of the swing. The hammer should describe a curve at its highest point of not more than n or 12 feet from the ground. Avoid pulling at the handle in the run, and increase the pace and swing at each auooesaive turn. The farthest throw of the 111b. hammer, 3 feet handle, on record, is 186 feet The 221b. hammer haa b^n thrown over 94 feet PUTTING THE STONE. Balance the body on the right leg, the left Bide turning toward the soratch, the right foot being placed as near the seven-foot mark as possible, and the right hand balancing the weight, with the knuckles close to the shoulder; raise the weight up to the full stretch of the arm two or three times, tUl the mnsoles get into olav. stilJ keanino th« weiaht of the body thrown on the ngh% leg, the left foot touching the ground sErMly- when the balance of the body is 6' ;,viv^' hoj) three feet towards the mark, a 1 1 *Jion spring up shaiply to the goratoh line, throW- IL^^"- '^•"Sbtawayat the same moment ?^?*^"T'«i^^ "«*" ^«« '^0^. with the toe touchmg the scratch line and the right side of the body to ^ the mark. Bv fhil means the foUow of the body after the weioht IS prevented, and, by bringing the riZlL forward at the momeit of throwing, thf whole force of the thighs are brought into play, and the muscles of the loins issist i^ The weight must be held on the lowest jcints of the fingers and the naim of the hrnd all tendency to throw it as a Ull avoided A heave is not so elFecMve as a quick jump.' with the muscles concentrated at the safti moment. The quicker the hop wd the nr^^r^T*?*^^? *•** further the disUncsput provided the baUnce is not lost Aav de lay between the first hop and the final Bpring 18 fatal In delivering the weight "et It be put uDwards-that is to%ay. aim to ^t an object a^out fourteen feet above the spot where the weight wiU pitch. The furtC tterit'l'l* *"" *°XT^ P"* *•»« »^8l»er must be the elevation. No exercise is a greater proof of strength than this. Very little- skill is required; and when once the way o* putting It ,8 learnt, it seldom happens that a strong man gets beaten by the knack of a weaker antagonist. fril'thi'f 'V%*v* P*"^ '°°'* likely to suffer, from the fact of having to spring with the whole of the body, and the addition of the weight To practise, a cricket ball may he useS instead of a heavy wefght, t^i i^% .?P"°« . """^^ " before with the debvery of the balL After a S P.'*°*'''«' * *».•»';?«•• w«gtt may be tried Th«ll^f°"*I^'l'"'***''»? ^ pit properly. The best puts' on record are for the 22lb weight over 36 teet, and for the 161b. over4i TRAINING FOR ROWING, ETC. The present work is not intended for the guidance of professional oarsmen, or those who may row for large stakes, and who' when matched, leave their usual occupation and devote their energies to the better ob- servance of the stricter rules of trainiat. Such men invariably have a mentor worthy of foUowing, and whose knowledge of nuht ^?h'--^'^"«.-^^^- l^ '"^^^ .to%uccess'o; amateur, however, must be treated mote genUy and with more attention thim the sturdier and hardier professional, or those who may have made the river and adjunoto their capitll in their struggle through the M II ■ ';•! HI 14 PEACTIOAL TRAINING. world for ^a hubai^^ace. Tiie »m*te\tr, wjbien be hM, ux, ttffg%aim«at before tiim, ahoold take into conaiaeratioQ we tiine he hf* Allowed bitn to train, Mid the mode of proceedii^g will depend in a great measure on the condition and previout habits, of the man eogaged. If a man ia fleaby and of a foU habit of body, a dose or two of mild pur> gaiive medicine should be taken, and slow walking exercise only taken on the day the doses have been administered. After the medicine has done ite duty, if the amateur is very fleshy, a Turkish bath or two majr be taken with advantage, the usual precautions against cold being used. The subjects, after one or two of these sweats, is prepared for more arduous work, which may be taken at a fair p«ce in the form of good sharp runs and fast walks, which, like all other train- ings will become easier of accomplishment at each repetition. The above work with rowing exercise, will infallibly bring the practitioner, if continued for any time, iuiu a proper condition to con- tend with contidence and success in any nwing contest He must rise at five in the summer, and after his bath (cold), and having been well rubbed down, a good sharp walk of about a mile out and a rattling spin taken by vun- nine home, when another good rub will be rendered imperative. Should the run not be taken, a row of a couple of miles at three parts speed must be accomplished. When thoroughly cooled down, breakfast should be taken, which should consist of good whole- some roast meat (either broiled mutton-chops or steak, with no seasoning), stale bread or toast or tea. When dinner can be taken at mid-day, say about one p. m,, it is better, and should consist, like the breakfast, of good wholesome roast meat, with no vege- table except a mealy potato, stale bread, and not more than a pint of reallv good sound ale (old,if palatable to the drink'r.the best) ; some prefer sherry, but, although agreeable with a few, the ale, as a rule, is more strengthening and wholesome. The row should be token before tea, which should then be of the same viands and liquors as the breakfast. The above rules, of course, are open to alteration,aocQrding to circumstances, and the diet varied surceasfuUy by the intro- duction of fowls eithe.' ^u^8t or boiled — the lattar preferred— and when there is any in- dioation of training ' off, a sm^ll portion of gree^-meat, in the shape oi fresh cabbage or Hiny fresh vegetable in seaaoo. ine last food Hefore retiring to rest should be either about half a pint of fresh grael or a glass of ale with dry toast. The other portion of the day's raining must be left to circumstances ; but it must never be lost sight of that sharp work, regularity and cleanliness ar^ th6 chief if not the only rules to be followed to produce thorough good condition. The use of the bath should never by any chance he missed. Nothing is more injurious to the wind, etc., than hard rowing on a full stomach, the ill eSecta of Which, although scarcely felt at the time, hAve at a more remote time, in many instances, proved to be the germ of serious disorders. During the long winter season, and at other times when the weather will not admit of taking exercises on the water, the rowing machine may be used with advantage, con- taining as it does, all the valuable features of the modern style of rowing. To oarsmen it is a prime necessity ; it gives every motion as perfeotlj as if on the water ; it teaches to feather the oars correctly ; it gives the dip of the oar ; it has the sliding seat ; it can be regulated for heavy or light, short or Ibng, stroke ; it is so constructed that boat clubs can drill in crews, by placing in line the number of the machines required, the oars beina; adjustable, so that each alternate oar can be removed, and longer ones tiko their place, so that it can be used with single or double oars. t^e TRAINING IN REGARD TO PUGILISM AND WRESTLING. The work necessary to reduce or otheiwise bring the pugilist into something like con- dition will be, of course, nearly if not pre- cisely similar to the training required for a pedestrian or other match. The physicing will require great attention ; all drastic and griping medicines are to be avoided, if pos- sible, and cases will occur from time to time where no medicine ought to be given what- ever. The man in one of these instances will be in a low state, and require feeding and training up. In another, the body will be in so open and relaxed a state that the prescribing and giving the usual dcse would be followed to a certainty by the patient training right off, and falling into a low and prostrate condition. In the ganeral state of health, however, which characterizes the pugilist when matched to fi^ht (with a full habit of body, flushed ooui^uenance, and a pulse full and slow), the niinal dose, salts, etc;, may be introduced with advantage, but the quant'tiea and frequent use leftlio the usual habit of the man,* oi' to the judgment of the trainer!" The physicing and prepara- tion for the hatd work should occupy the first week ; and the number of sweats taken during the secohd week should be regulated be body. State of the lows,' wheth the manner i when sparri: there being i flnity to get down after 1: olothea put < loss of weigl contrarr, thi daily, the re feeding up U few days unl meals, of co and consist o as recommei rage most su man taken ir quantity, of ment of the given when t and then goo be of the mo present day e shoulders by suapended fr< hung in like leys, the rop* ing. weights with the glo\ a skipping- n means of mi sharp praeti( seven pounds dition in the healthy state dear, with t well as soft, ■welling and every moven nnder manipii and bright, i eaae of mind i looka of the a for the hands first are legioi but we beue^ the simple ju and which w intended pnrj Thstramer to his convers his knowledgf physioai heall amuse and ins of hia power, if posaible, of tagoniat, hia n defence, the n uy phyaioal ; ife PRACTICAL TRAINING. >i«t sharp work, th« ohief if not ed to prodace The uae of tiie noeti6 miued. :;he wind, etc., »mach, tbe ill carueljr felt at smote time, in t>e the germ of laion, and at will not admit er, the rowing Ivantage, con- able featnfes of To oaramen it every motion ; it teaches to gives the dip eat ; it can be ihort or Ibng, lat boat olnDs )g in line the lired, the oars alternate oar lea tike their vith single or ) PUGILISM 0. seorotheiwise ling like con- rly if not pre- required for a rhe physicing 11 drastic and roided, if pos- I time to time 16 given what- tese instances iqaire feeding the body will tate that the al dcse would y the patient itu a low and meral state of 'acterizes the it (with a full nance, and a i dose, salts, ivantage, but 96 left to the she judgment ana prApara- i occupy the sweats taken be regulated 15 bv the state of insid« wd the loose flesh on the body. A sharp run will soon show the ■tate of the inside by the state of the ' bel- lows,' whether the wind is short or not, and the manner in which the loose flesh shakes when sparring is a pretty fair criterion of there beinft a good quantity of outside super- flnity to get sway. He ought to be rubbed down after his runs and fast walks, and dry clothes put on in a warm, dry room. The loss of weisht should be gradual. If, on the contrary, tne loss be too rapid, and continue daily, the reducing system must cease, and feeding up take the place of sweating for a few days until the system is restored The meals, of course, must be tsken regularly, and consist of the same kind of animal food aa recommended previously, and tie beve- rage most suited to the constitution of the man taken in small quantities — the kind and quantity, of course, being left to the judg- ment of the trainer, Wine is principally given when the man has to be trained up, and then good old port wine will be found to be of the most service. The pugilists of the present day strengthen the arms, loins, and ■houldera by hitting out at a striking bag anspended from a beam, and a large bladder hung in like manner ; by exercise with pul- leys, the ropes passinff over wheels and hav- mg. weights attached; plenty of practice with the gloves, diversified with the use of • skipping-rope, and finally, but by no means of minor importance, by continual ■harp practice with dumb-! ells of about ■even pounds weight or under. Good con- dition in the pugilist will be shown by the healthy state of the skin, which will be olew, with a ruddy tinge underneath, as well as aoft, with the muscles underneath ■weUing and feelinst firm to the touch at every movement of the limb or portion nnder manipulation. The eye will be c'ear And bright, and a look of confidence and ea« of mind charaoteriee the expression and looks of the athlete. As regards the pickle for the hands and face, the nostrums for the first are legion, and one as good as another ; but we believe that nothing is better than the simple juice of a lemon for the latter, and which will be found to answer every mtended purpose. The trauer ought to be chosen with regard to his conversational powers, aa well as for his knowledge of what is requisite for the physical health of his pupil, tioAt ha m&v amuse and inatruot him to the fullest extent of his power. The trainer should inform him, if possible, of all the pecnliaritie* of the an- tagonist, his mode of attack and method of ^fence, the weak points vt his temper, er «ny physical deficiency under which he might labour, as well as the mannfer in which ne may have won or lost any previous battle. And, as in many tases the first or second telling may not have the effect of raisinir the curiosity of his man. the patience of the trainer should not give way under the repe- tition before the slow and obtuse curiosity is roused to such an extent that the pumlist commences the interrogation in his turn, and becomes anxious in his inquiries for informa- tion, which will almost invariably be the case when he finds out the importance that the trainer s continued repetitions have in- vested the apparent trifles with. PRINCIPAL MUSCLES USED BY THE ATHLETE. In high jumping, the front muscles of the thigh are principally used. They are attached at one end to the top part of the thigh bone. at the other to the knee cap, which passes over the knee, and is fixed to the top part Of the shin bone. In the act of jumpingf these muscles contract violently, and straighten the leg with a jerk, the quickness of which mainly contributes to the height of the jump. ■ In long jumping, the muscles of the back part of the thigh aroused ; these are attach- ed to the back part of the shin bone at one end, and to the lower part of the pelvis at the other, and by contracting draw the lee backwards on the trunk. This action is also assisted by the glutoeus maximUs, which is tixedat one end of the top part of the thigh, at the other to the lowest part of the verte- bral column. In long distance runnirg, the f rout and back muscles of the thigh are used in equal proportions ; the former in raising the body at every stride, the latter in propelling it forwai^. But in the case of running on the toe6, the calf of the leg will be the weak part ; so much so that no amount of prac- tice wil enable some, especially heavy men- to run any distance on their toes. In short distance running, the front itaus- cles of the thigb which lie nearest to the trunk, brink the leg forward in the rapid repetition of the strides. These are a dififer- ent set from those that strengthen the leg and are used in long distance running : thev .i_i,..r^, „„ „tra ciiti BO ice lower and front part of the pelvis, and at the other end to the top part of the thigh bone, the' back mnsles of the thigh are the same that are used in long distance running for propelling the body forwards. A narrow pelvis is a great assistance in this, aa indeed m all run- ■t^--; ir.AOTICAL TRAINIirO. niag ; for on the mtrrownen of the pelvia faouitv ia repeatbg the stridei prinoipaUy depends. In throwing the hammer, more depehda on the sWiOK than on the strength of any particular muscle, thongh the strain comes more particularly on the small of the back — that if), on the muscles which raise and k«ep the back erect, and are attached to the ver- tebra of the spine. In putting the stone, the mnsoles called particularly into action are the front part of the deltoid, which is attached to the top part of the arm, and at the other end to the collar bone, and brings the arm upwards and forwards ; the top part of the pectoral mus- cle, which also runs from the top of the arm to the collar boue, and brings the arm forwards; the triceps, which is fixed at one end of the shoulder and shoulder blade, and at the other end of the forearm, below the elbow, and extends the arm at the elbow joint The feet are also assisted by a simultaneous spring with the legs, and a ra- pid turn of the body. In walking, the muscles of the whole body we brought into action more than in any of the other exercises wd have allnded to. The arms and back assist the legs greatly in changing the balance of the body, and in bringing the hips forward at each stride. The call of the leg has much work to do, even as much as running on the toes. The muscle, however, that suflfers most is that which rises on the outside of the shin bone, near the knee, and runs down the leg, cross- ing the shin near the ankle, to be inserted near the ipside of the sole of the f eot. This muscle nuaea the foot, and draws it back to- wards the leg at the end of the stride, and also points the heel at the commencement ; 80 that in fast walking it has no rest, and consequently becomes very painfuL The front and back muscles of the thigh also come in for a large share of work. The following ineasurements are an aver- age of the dimensions of some of the best rnnuers, apd mj^y be taken as a fair guide of what the moportion of the limbs should be r^p^tively : — 8ft. USIbs. . 40in. . 31in. . Min. . ma. Uin. appearanoe that who does nnoh oharaoterises Work. arm the gymnast HeiKht.. WeQ^t. 5ft. «n.. 5ft. Sin. . . 5f k. lOin. . llUbe., .laaibs. ... 1481bs.. wXt.V. . 35in.... .37in... ... 39in... . Iln.... .28in... .. 29in.... Hips ... 3, In... .35}in . .aiin.,.. .. 371n.... ^^ . a»n.... ... asin... . lar i>~ .141n., .. M Th$ ^iiucusiouS of the cheat may appear small at first sight* bat it mast be remem- bered that the runner has no mnsoles of the shoulder blades to increase his measnrement. A well-made mnner has not that top-heavy TEMPERAMENT. TheSanraine Tempenunent belongs to tht.fi class with bright, ruddy complexion, light hair and full cironiation. Their disposition is energetic and spirited, but their power of resisting disease or of bearing protracted ex- ercise is not great, and their ardent charac- ter is rather the result of nervons exoit»- bUity than of viUl force. Their power liM in dash rather than in endurance. The Bilious Temperament is of an oppo- site desoription. The cironiation is sloggiah, the disposition persevering and obstinate ; the constitution as a rule is toogh, and IS capable of severe tasks, under which the sangnine would snooumb. These men are good subjects for training, but they require good food and much oxeroise. Tho Lymphatic are of a pale complexion, with dehoato skins and full habit of body. There is a torponr about their mental as well as muscular actions. When snbjeot to disease they become peevish and are dif- tionlt to treat When nnited to a nervous disposition, they are perhaps the worst olasa of men for training thongh we sometimes find much latent energy in than. To a certain extent, nervousness is overcome by habit : but the nutrition of the nerve power onght to be the main point in the advance. m«nt of health. The nerves are the con- trollers of the actions ; ^ey r«^gnlate the contraction of mnsoles in the aotivity of the body. The work done by the mnsoles depends on the proper adjustment of the mechanism, their guidjuioe and activity on the energy of the nerves. The important work that the nerves fulfil is evident, when we consider that the brain itself needs one fifth of the whole supply of the blood ia 4e body. It must suffer, therefore, if the sup- ply of air to the blood is bad. How ossify IB aooounted for the dull aching ot the temples of the athlete aooastanwd to pure air in a badly ventilated theatn or mom. If deficient oxidition of the blood is the cause of derangement to the nervous qrstem, blood of bad quality mustiM equally hurtful to the muscular. The sensibilities of the internal organs are the disposition of eauh person to such a degree as to be inflneaeed h^ tuS slimiest ssssstiGs of pain, jsy, grief, or any feeling of tho Bind. The iwotioa i^eots the musemlar system ; all tho foao- tions of body are earned' on by a system of ■Mf and mutual health, to aatimately united together as tc on one anothe GRO' The food af I and aolutiou gastric and ot system of vea vinous blood, it is sent ti> ti back agaiu by heart, to be arteries to aJl materials for production of terminations i those struct change of the the Uood is v and sustenanci the chemical i production of arterial bloo worst olasa Bonietimes no. To a tveroome by lerve power he advanoa* 'e the con* egnlate the aetivity of he mosoies lent of the activity on important ident, wham C needs one iloodia Ae if the sup* Sow easily tng of the ed to pore or mMU. oad is the ras qrstem, kUy faortfal ties of the >n of eaoh inflneaead i«y, grid!, e reaotiow the fano< system ol ely united PRACTICAL TRAINING. 17 together as to be dependent for profioie oy on one another. GROWTH AND DECAY. The food after masfcifioation by the teeth, and solution Wy the action of the salivai gastric and other juices, is taken up by a system of vessels and, mingling with the venous blood, ia carried to the lieait, whence it IS sent to to the lungs to he uorated, and back agdiu b> another set of vt-nsel^ to the heart, to be finally pumped througli the arteries to all parts of the body, carrying materials for the repair of the tissue, and prodnction of heat In the very minuto ! terminations of the capillary arteries in those structures, where the molecular I change of the body goes on, the current of ! the blood ia very slow, to enable the warmth ! and sustenance of the body to be kept up by the chemical actions of destruction and re- ■ production of tissue. The oxygen in the ' arterial blood obtained from the luugs is carried througliout the system and assisis these actions, therefore perfect respiration and pure air are the great promoters of cnange of tisane. This shows the necessity of the blood being in a sufficiently liifuid state to hold gases and nutritive matter in solution for the purposes of oxydizing tissue and of, forming flesh. The amount of water in the Wood determines to a great extent the health of the body, the blood being the organ oi the vital processes of change. The severe restrictions on liquid imposed on those in training, who by arduous exercise waste much tiss-ie and need" much repair, are, therefore, pi^ysjologically wrong. The action of the air rn the akin stimuktes the secretion, and exercise, indirectly raising the heat of the body, induces perspiration, which M nature's remedy to keep the temperature of the body constant Evapora- tion and secretion require water. On a daily average, 21b. of water is thrown oflF by the skm in moderate exercise. Water forms 70 per cent of the whole body, and for the digestive fluids the proportion of water to solid IS as 12 to 1. Liquidity is necessary, also, for the actual processes of decay and repair, by causing the passage of fluids of different densities through the various animal membranes from the oxydation of venous blood in the moist air of tha luno cells to the repair of tissue by the sma'Uest capillary in the extremities. Want of liquid causes a stagnation of the oironlation, an inflammatory state of the body, and excites the nervous system to an extraordinary degree. Owing to this want, under the usual system of trainins regimen, the body is frequently in a State of fever about the second week, until eittiv the trainee gives up tho preparation, otSa constitution has teinporarUy accommodated Itself to the change at the expense of his vital energy. ' ^ The nourishment of tho body by the foofl taken is important in its regard to health, and Its variety. The primary object of food 18 to form blood, and according to the condition in which tho body receives it greater or loaa nutriment, at the same exl pense of vital activity, can be obtained. Ihe assistance of nature, by proper cooking and careful selection of articles, is in our own hands. Qur vegetables should be well cooked, and the ^nimal food ought to be done so as to retain the juices of the meat. Let it be rather under than overdone. Brown meat is more nutntioua tliau white. , If the dijies. tion 18 good, the athlete need not be particu- lar as to description of food. Rich sauses are not to be recommended, qr even heavy puddings, but jellies and light ones are rnqst acceptable. A healthy, robust man, in hard work, may eat nearly anything in modera- tion. Ihe food should be weU masticated, to enable the saliva to dissolve the starchy matter in it, and also to prevent a sudden loading of the stomach. The blood durinff digestion is principally employed about tlje 8tom«)h. Exercise or menjjal work, there- fore, directly after a meal, will i^ptard tke X ration of digestion hy taking away the id to the umbs or brain. Great mental activity requires much re- pose. In the winter more sleep is required than in the summer, from the fact that tjle acvtuty of the system, in keeping up iU wamth otc., thongh of shorter durati. i. is greatei . Sleep after food is often required °y "■ ',vons persona of weak digestion, but the athlete is better .without it, an amus- ing book, light study, etc., taking its pface. A mattrass mves the soundest sleep. The quantity of dothing. should be su&sient to keep up a gentle exhalation from the skin. The wasting of the body to reduce weight is frequently carried to a ridiculous extent It has been proved that the body in daily work loses about 1.24th of its weight, aud that life ceases when the waste has reduced it to J-5ths of ite original weight In the nerves, however, the loss is haidly perceptibid } while the fat suflfers in double the proportion ivJl "*°*^''' 90 and 46 per cent, Kspeot- TTds may well explain the nervous exoit- •buity of the body when kept beyoufi its m ■i" ... ^ m ? 'XmM .iti 18 PRACTICAL TRAINING. ngular tune for food, or when supplied with food of detioient quality. Tlie Arrangeinent '>f the internal mechanism must go on, re- tpiration continnea, circulation and hekt re- •nU, at the ezpenae of the machine itaelf. BjT regularity in meaUthe atomaah aceonimO' datei itMlf to the changes of action and re- poM, and the lyatem harmonizes with it. MEATS, ETC., TO BE AVOIDED. Vual, pork, and salt beef or bacon should be aroided ; also goose, duck, and wildfowl generally; •• well as butter, cucumbers, ■weeti, and all seasonings, except salt with • little black peeper. Venery should not be faidnl^l«d in undur any ciroumstanoes while tnimiig. I /- NATURAL SWEATING. Put on extra clothing over those parts more partioolarly which are loaded with fat. Thus, if the legs are very fat, two or three pair of trousers should be drawn on ; if the abdomen is full, then a double apron of flan- nel should be suspended from the neck un- der the trowsers ; and if the arms and n3ck are loaded, two or three thick undershirts may be worn, and a woollen shawl wrapped round the neok. When thus clothed, a brisk wdk or a slow run of two or three miles brings on a profuse perspiration, which may be kept up tor an hour or so by being oover- •d with blankets, or by lying in front of a good fire ; the clothes should be then strip- ped off, beginning with the upper part of the body, and eponging each with hot salt water, before drying it with a coarse towel, after which horse-hair gloves should be used free- ly. The dressing may be as usual, taking care to expose each limb as short a time as poaiible. >''(} -till ARTIFICIAL SWEATING. Take a Turkish bath, or the whole of the body should be stripped and immediately >nrapt in a sheet wrung out of cold water ; bt» not so as to get rid of all the water then, rolling the patient in a thick blanket, Attclosing the arms, like a mummy, he is placed beneath a feather bed, covering all -•p ^Tiv Cf-i-», In ct (jxiaVv^T Oi ^5 hour vr 50 reaction omnes on, and a teoat profuse per- spiration breaks out over th- whole IXMly. When the sweating has continued from an hour to an hour anaa half, everything should be taken off and cold water poured over !h«n^™h!.^^'*^"'^'" of a shower bath; then rub dry and clothe. SWEATING LIQUORS. : A scruple of Dover's powder at night, or S tPfh**"JT**'^ '"•^•» *'*»' white* wine, an.l with thirty t^ropa each ..f antimonial wine, and sweet spirits of nitre added. Care ^hould be taken to rub the whole body with horse-hairj gloves night and morning. TREATMENT OP THE FEET. HANDS SINEWS. Em "*^"^' The chief cause of tender feet rests with which the pedestrian may commence his work. By no means attempt|work in new K"^«n ? f'^^ •'*°'"f^'" wellsoa«.ned, tuat are not of suflioient length and width in the tread and across the toes. The thickness, so as they are of a sound double sole an.lper! feotly water-tight at the lower part, ioes not so much toatter; but a few*days' use will soon prove to the training man that a J'^L"*^* P*"' ''"^ ''^•P h" feet sounder and be of more comfort to him. in a lone journey, than the lighter kind. Different men, howevv, are of various opinltms ; but Westhall, during a long expei^enqe, found that a pair of boots laced up th/^nt and reaching a tnfle above the ankle and of mediuna stoutness, answered every purpose required by any one who is satisfied with doing weU. A very thick pair, of course, may be kept in reserve for very wet and muddy wwrther, when slow work only will be advisable to be toUken. Should the pedestrian, however, be obstinate, and take fast work in the heavy boots, he wiU in most cases be pumshed by sore shins, which will prove a source of such trouble that the light- er sort of baots will be in lequisitiwifor the f"*""- The socks should be of an iaay tit and of fine warm lamb's wool Tlfcohief care about the socks, however, h tokins the precaution that a pair of socks should never be wore a second time until thorouahlv aired and if possible a supply should bi so provided that they may be rinsed out in cold water, and then dried before again beinc rrvtii. ■ •■ The above precautions will prove of the greatest value to those who have feet given to sweatujg, and in some instances have proved an effectual cure for the inconvenience. The toenails s and the shape criterion for t the hands fro switch, carrie< cious while yt frequent oocu the man maki the tendons c iug) of the mi] previous hard from the head principal seat strains of the cept by rest, Should there I of the injured attempt any n seek medical a in their cure b not be applie some time ha^ up by the api with plenty of Soft Corns. much as possil rubbing it in ; carded cotton day. Hard Corn then apply tine caustic. Hardening one of the sim the hand. H with vinegar is in the shoe is f BUNIOltS.— i|i every day for i well, brush m other day, Ai is sometimes v fioiLS. — Ap with a knife, ply a plaster posed of equal plaster. Do subject to boil ventative : ta fifteen to twen< into a wash, a night This \ not mind that. SxRAiNa.— T Westhall's stin of wine, J pi pint ; white vi oii^tiiy, w&rni D and mix gradu shake the Dottl Sprains.— F flannel bagabo f I>oar«d over •hower bath ; >KS. f at night, or 1 white wine, )f aQtimoDial nitre added, le whole body and momiug. ST, HANDS, at rests with boots in ommenoe his iwork in new 'ell seasoned, and width in 'he thickness, I sole an d per- er part, does Bw days' use g man that a feet sounder m. in a long l>ifferent pitAvtA t but "ienoe, found ihs m>nt and skle and of wry purpose ktisfied with ir, of course, ry wet and ■k only will Should the te, and take will in most I which will at the light- itioaior the { ail.fasy fit TUe ofaief a taking the ihoaM never thoroughly honld be so I out in cold again being rove of, the | feetgiTento liaVe proved bnveaienoe. PRACTICAL TRAINING. 19 The toenails should be attended to refjulatly, and the shape of the foot will be the best criterion for their tre itmen*^^. To prevent the hands from Bwellin|{, a short stick or switch, carried in the hand will be effica- cious while walking about. Strains are of frequent occurence, and chiefly arises from the man making some sudden effort when the tendons or the fascia (the thin cover- ing) of the muscles are stiff and sore from previous hard work. The tendon Achilles — from the head to the calf of the leg — is the principal seat of the most dangerous of the strains of the tendons, and is incurable ex- cept by rest, and that of some duration. Should there be any swelling and hardening of the injured portions of the tendon, do not attempt any methods of self-treatment, but seek medical advice. All strains are assisted in their cure by bandaging, but they should not be applied until hot fomentations for some time have been applied, and finished up by the application of the embrocation with plenty of friction, before a fire. Soft Corns. — Pick off with the nails as much as possible ; next day apply caustic, rubbing it in i afterwards keep a piece of carded cotton between ^be toes night and day. Hard Corns.— Pare off the hard cuticle then apply tincture of iodine with a brush or caustic. Hardening the Flesh. —Lemon juice is one of the simplest and best for rubbing on the hand. Horseradish grated and mixed with vinegar is also good. Whiskey poured in the shoe is frequently U8e': wiUtout any fear of strain or the sligl. u:ju jar to the system* Dr. Dio Lewis, in his work on New Gymnaa* ■'£mi 20 PRACTICAL TRAINIira. thii» Iber* ow, b* no pcwble excuie for MglwtmR •xeroise. Hun and air bath., in- volvipg iiu expand,, can always be had; Bv thwewe mean txjtomm the bodv naked i oerUin portioa of the day to their effects. walk up and down hii bedroom nude, and with open widows as a preventative of colds. with tirS"!^'^ •'«*>r,lt««- and summer. 2!iA *"e df«ir«l ellect, livinR to be ove^ t£«^n7'*'' • ^'""r "«" ""ore to the nX tanoe and preservation of nature, General leasanton has written an elaborate work, clMmin« wonderful offoota in nervous diseasei from the sun's rays a« reflected through blue ,fci!S— U'°'^ ^'' *'"'"^^ « extetsively alone produces too stroc« an effect and believes that alternate blue and white tr", tnl'" Z^" '"'''"■'' ^>'^*'' ""Render theprope; form and quantity of electricity; aid we tlttreforeauggeatttiat his plan be adopteT The patient slionld sit for an hour or mor^ SJlfe SV"'' P««'t«on that, whatever part of thebody IS affected, may be acted upon by the rays mat received. Where ad vice can be inn'„V"h"': J." "'J**''^ •*' O" *» P^-'ona cannot even take electricity in theaame Zum'";^?.^*"? °- P/''P'"-ti°"- The glass bjt HhrtJUgh and through, of deep mazaiin; Hi: BATHS-HOT, COLD, ETC. flieSfn . ,^?«**<'annot be too much ap. p led to any athlete as regards outward aj. t^Tt'h "* "tfJ^"* ""'^ " *J>« «>o«t bene- SnlV^f • '"'*'*"^J'V^ the recipient bo of aufficient vigour ; and there are Ibut few in- deed who are so delicate as to require tepfd thlT "^t'"" ' ^"* *'^" *^^ '''«^'^«'« better CoW Sir« '""""'i ^T, P*''"'^'^' «f '^^ bath. cold baths may be taken anyhow and nnv. Where pro^^ded the whole of%he boSj isTm- 4^oat decided beuetit will be derived from the results may bo gained by the use of a large bathwel hlled with water, the body being well sluiced wi h the water from a S TtT Tt'««^weriaalaoof great benel? ritfwn ♦tr r«?,'l«'*d the nervous syatem so ir- ^„tt^*»i****" ?''«^<"'« »" «>e good in- tended by the K»«" t'^ey will modify the syrap. toms ; But, as they are so simple and so easily obtainable, they rec^tiire no further comment. A vapour bath is of considerable use in aaaistmg a healthy and faf man to ^iTt "^^ H«bt; but ifter sweating he must be rubbed with a wet cloth, or have a shower ; he should then put on a set or two of Hannels, and do at least an hour of severe ^^ork, during which time the reducing pro- cess will be going on in perfection. On ar- riving honio the wet lowel should be applied or a sponging with cold water ; after a good rub and fresh clothing being donned, it will be found there has been a good morning's «ork accomplished. The vapour bath can be made in a very homo-spun and simple manner, but equally efficacious with those attached to baths of Stl'""';^-^!,^,.^, ^''"^•"g "'• »"y other flat tub, a third hUed with very hot water m which IS placed a stool, will do for the ground.work of the vapour. Take your seat ♦1 ^*r'' *?,' '*'"* °^ """^^^ outside the tub, and be well covered with blanksts roand the neck, and round the tub, leaving an opening which can be closed at leisure. Hav- ing heated two or three large bricks to a red heat, put one mto the - »t«r. and when cooled anoti lunged a anl but a very relieve a bai required at THII The chief the course oi bulk ia thii rather a scv of phiok whi hi* work am here called i is to gargle 1 but the ap| fannd t>< aff< pebble kept thing, but fa as cream of \ suffering fro the palate w liquid imme( when the be much augmt become impe dered nitre diate flow of but nufortun however, is from the ap| will assist t allay the aoc The chief cui time, when stolen enjoy approving o< severe tempt inau when h< WEIG-HT HEIGHT. 5ft 11 II ert 2in ..*. 6ft 3to , 5ft 41h ...... 6ft flfo 5ft 6in .i..ii 6ft 7ln ,. «ft Sin ..,..: aft 91n .....', 6ftlf any kind, a i the body 1 will itiaure • » of the skin, hafe of rigour regent syBtcm puts on hia worl'. Ret en, when he irapiratiou, he ; flannels, and eateit nnoon. ion whiah is e the proper Iden shook of 8 of the akin of all his pre- itores the oir- essels of the o the pedea- i that, when lel no remaina ting but },'ood t, and those he sweat and to reduce an nething like can only be •t au adjunct "om heidthy. ired when a from cold or fy the symp- aple and so no further considerable faf man to iweating be h, or have a a set or two nrof severe dncing pro- on. On ar- be applied, ifter a good ned, it will morning's > in a very but equally to baths of any other hot water, do for the e your seat )utside the [KT-vS rOUDu leaving an isure. Hav- ks tu a red and when cooled another, until the bath haa been pro- lun^ed a laffloient time. Thia ii a primitive but a very n^ieful bath to put iuto nse to relieve a bad cold, or for any other service required at a short notice. THIRST, MEDICINE. ETC. The ohief puuiahraent when a man is in theoourte of traininff reqnisite to reduce hii bulk Is thirst, whioh is in most oases of rather a severe oharaoter. The same limoant of plnok which enabl ■ the man to go through hit work and adhere to other rules must be here called into requisition. The best plan is to gargle the mouth, but not swallow any ; bnt tne application of cold water will be found to afford the greatest relief ; a little pebble kept in the mouth is a very good thing, but faithfally avoid all nostrums such as cream of tartar, tartaric acid, etc., when suffering from thirst, as they only gratify the palate without relieving the craving for iiquid immediately the acid taste has passed, when the before troublesome feeling becomes much augmented. Should relief, however, become imperative, a small portion of pow- dered nitre will be followed by an imme- diate flow of aaliva, which will give instant bnt nufortunately cnly partial ease. There, however, is no increase of the symptoms from the application of the remedy, whioh will assist the atition o' the kidneys, and allay the accompanying fever of the system. The chief cure is to wait until the next meal- time, when the prer'ous abstinence from stolen enjoyment will be rewarded by an approving conscience in having resisted a severe temptation. The thirst will leave a iiiau when he leaves off sweating. WEIG-HT AS PEOPORI'IONAL TO HEIGHT. HEIGHT. WKIGIIT. Mt liii should be 120 pounds, 6ft 2in ..« 126 " Mt 3ta , .'.■ 133 6ft 41h 136 " 5ft 8lo 142 •• 6ft 6in Hi " Sft 7In , 118 " 52 8in 155 Sft 91n Ifig " SftlOin 100 Sftllin 17 ^ " 6ft 178 " The above table was formed by Dr. Hut- ohingson, and was taken from a mean aver- age of 2,848 healthy men. B^ thia scale hfe insaranoes are regulated in Eagland. The Doctor's oslculations were made upon the volume of air passing in and oat of the lii^a*. »nd this WM his guide m te how far the various orttn* of the body were in health, and thelua({s in parbioalar, WEIOHT WHEN" IN CONDITION ATHLETIC PEATS. FOR iiBiotrr. itt. Un. srt. Sft, srt. Sft. 6ft. 6ft. Sft 6ft. lia.. 3ia. . 4tD. . Sin. . ein.. 7io.. 81n. . Mn. _ WmOMT. .From 106 to 111 pounds. 118 117 117 1!S 138 ' 183 ' 140 • 168 ' Sfu lUn i«* "{"."in. 166 0" I7S lU ' 118 IV) 1» 1» 110 117 154 16> 475 186 The proper measurement according to the height and weight ; MBAilURBMXNT. H«lPil*; flfeet ]5J^^' . — <• 10| pounds. Chest (uAinflaiedV ". ". V. '. I '. : '. ! ! . . *. • \ \ \ l JM teShS". Anlke . '. '. ". '. '. '. '. '. '. " '. '. '. '.'.'.' '. \ \ '. \ ' '. '. ". '. ". ". ; ; tJ ". Allowamox. The following allowances should be made where the dimensions are found to be greater than shown in the preceding table : For every inch in height ij pounds. For every Inch around peck » *' B'or every inch around oheft 1 For every Hnoh around wrist " 1 '• For every Huoh around ankle " 1 " BANTING ON CORPULENCY. The system of reducing corpulency as adopted by William Banting, nn old retire*! merchant of London, England, in 186.3-4, by the advice and direction of Dr. William Har- vey, of Soho square, in that city, though not by any means admissable or ad visible for trainine purposes, we give the substanca for the benefit of any one who feels interested. At the time Mr. Banting ootnmanQed his re- ducing system he was sixty-six years of age, weighed 202 pounds, standing only 6th. Siu. iu heivht, and, having spent seven vears in consultation with the greatest medical lights of England for relief of his affliction, bnt in ! 4 I -. *«!l 32 PKACTiUAt TRAINING. if^ He hftd followad mu Aotiv* ^>^n«u nU ^ flfty y«w«, ABiI kttribuUd hu ui)Mit)i not to negleot of n««Mi*ry bodily iMtiviky nor from «>eawiv« Mtiagt firinking, or mIi- iudnlg«ooe of »a^ kind, ezMp* Ihat he pur- took of ■im|>le Mlm«ut« of bre*d, milk, Dat> tor, be«r, inK^r and potatoes more freely than hii a^ptd natnre rtsqnircMl, and hetioe he be. Uvea the guneratioo of the paraatte, detri- mental to oomfort, if not really to health. He tried both rowing before break fait for two honn and other bodily exeroisei; alio Hea air and bathing in Tarioaa localitiea ; took gallona of |>hyaia and liquor potaasae, rode maeh on horaebaok, and tried the watera and climate of various apriuga in Eug> land, as well aa Turkish and vapour hatha, ahampooins, eto. Banting could not atoop to tie his shoe, had to walk backwards down- ataira to aave the jar of increased weight upon the ankle and knee-joints, puffed and blowed at every i-^xertion, particularly going up stairs, suffered from an umbiliual ruptura, had to wear a truss as wull as knee bandages, his sight failed and hearing became impaired, he had indigestion, heartburn, palpitation of the heart, and could not attend to t}i uttle otRom which humanity required without con- siderable pain and difficulty, which only the corpulent man can understand. Upon consulting Dr. Harvev, previously alluded to, he was told that all his ailments were oauaed principally by corpulence, and prescribed a certain diet, no medicine beyond a mornine cordial as a corrective, with im- mense effect and advantage both to his hear- ing and the decrease jf his oorpulence. The items from which be was advised to obstain as ..inch as possible were bread, bntter,milk, sugar, paianips, beet root, turnips, carrots, champagne, port, beer and potatoes, on ac- count of their containing afaarch or aacoha- rine matter, tending to create fat ; amoking waa not prohibited. This is the diex pre- scribed by Doctor Harvey : for breakfast, four or five ounces of beef, mutton, kidney, broiled fish, bacon or cold meat of any kind except pork, owing to its fattening character; or v««l,cn account of its indigestible quality; u ?!*rge cup of tea (without nulk or sugar), a 1. '<* biecait, or one ounce of dry toast; for Ma ', ,\"t or ux ounces of any fUih except tVm- <:- ings sjid eels (owing to their oit, iUJA ')ut of a pudb .Iff, any kind of poultry or g«me, and two or thrae glassei of good claret, sherry, or maHeiriL ; for tea, two or three ounces of fruit, a rusk or two, and a cup of tea without milk on sugar ; for supper, three or four onncea of meft^t or fish, similar ♦o dinner, with a glass or two of clarelr- ni«ht-cap, if roquir*l, a tumbler of grog (gin. whiakfljf, or braudy, without sugar) or * glass or two of oUret or sherry. Eggs, if not hard boiled, are un^xoeptioiiabla ; also cheese, if sparingly used, and pLua boiled noe. Ou rising in the morning, between six and seven he took a Ublaepoonfol of a special corrective cordial, not aperient, and partook of solids aaut hrt 0- six uuQoea solid aad eight o( Jiuuid '■ r baeakfast; eight ounoes solid aad eiauu. ounees of liquid for dmwi; tjyee ouacM of solid and eight of liquid /«r t^ ; (oua ouocea of solid and «ii(, ounces of liquid /or supper and (he grog afterwards. Ua toojk hiB meals as follows : breakfast between eight and nine; dinner between one and two; tea between five ar-d six; supper at nme. His former dietary table was bread and milk for breakfast, or a pint of tea with plenty of mUk and sugar, and buttered toast ; meat, beer, much bread, and pastry foi- dinner j the tea aimilar to that of break- fast, and generally a fruit tart or bread and . milk for supper. THE REDUCED SOAIiB. Under the new dietary, Ranting loat flesh according to the following scale : ^"»ih8«^V"""?2?l^-'"T}»«»«»t2pounds. ,. Sp'' ofV^ Wlbs " " 3 more. "mhOct. " I83lbs " " 4 .V^ " 9th Nov. " ISOlbs " " a " " 3d Deo. " l871bH " " i *• ' "24th Deo. •• 1841te " - 8 •• " Uth Jan. " 1821be " " « " . "25th Feb. " .I781be " " 5 " " 18th March" ' "Ibn " •• I " " 8th April " \ ;,. •• •• 8 " ■' 29th April " iji/tvj " s " "20thMky •' JiWV •• 3 ' 10th June " '^''^ •• q ■. " IstJuly •• 3 •< " 22d July " iMlbe •• " a •• " 12th Aug. " 1671bs " " a " " 26th Aug. " IMlba " " 1 " " 12th Sept. ': IMlbs " '• " Total loss of weight 46 • The girth during that time waa reduced round the waist 12J inches ; these deaidorati were attained by the most easy and com- fortable means, with but little medicine, and almost entirely by a system of diet At the end of one year Banting asserts that he was restored in health, both bodily and --- — - — .■;- .- .-..,.^, TiRtjur, atcasr'. drank with a good appetite, and slept well ; all symptoms of aciditv, indigestion and bewtbum vapiahbdi beMt offiviog boot- hooks and o fore in lispei lional tail w^ii h he ha '{am U( ». tr C r^ . lenc no actual p dndne viole driving one ] the free aoti^ Saccharin) canne of fatt ed weight ai stouty natt4 oharine, whi well aa fat. PKACTICAL I RAINING. hooki Mnd other tocH i>i(\n, which were be. fore in tiepme%ble ; he httt »ll feeling of oc- a tional faintn«M ; left off knee bamlkgee, yr^i'fih he had worn for twenty }-e»ra, and <(Bv A rx^ u tmat almoiit entirely, C 'r;i lence, Mys Ranting, though giving no actual pain, mutt naturally preaa with jndne violence npon the bodily vieoera, driving one part upon another, and (topping the free action of all. 8acoh|irine matter, ie the great moving oanM of fatty corpulence, pro troobleaome as tao- oharine, which largely increased asoidity as weU •• fat. Pure genuine bread may be the staff of life, as it is termed j it is to. par- tionlarly in youth, but it it decidedly more wholeeome in B