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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 : 4 ■ : i 6 nnrapvviinran^^na mt i ■« Mr^nrwrm^m^ni ■. ib u v*^V.^.',^*^, Ai^Aniirtii^iiHii^iiiMMMiiiMN^irfM^ ' <^ or THE CAREY CENTENNIAL MEETINGS HELD IN The Jai^is St. Baptist Church, Toronto. 2b6,6 H25 i. H FEBRUARY, 15<16, 1892. i':# .to-a ._, «Y THE FOREIGN MISSION BOARD qpi#ipilpiiii#«piiiliiPi|p^i«|^i^ipi9ap uTf^ J #; 8 iWluteli ton., ne ArtTrtartfc, tt Ai«*t»i ; ! til ■■t( :l i SI i^^aa»aaM While the Productive Period of your life is Passing, you should Providently Provide Perfect Protection Total AbstaineFB Get The Full Benefit of their Superior Longevity. ASK FOR PARTICULARS. For your H^^iyiFT! By insuring in THE TEMPERANCE AND GENERAL UFE ASSDRANGE GO. Hon. G. W. Ross, President. H. Sutherland, Manager. Head O0ce : Mannitig's Arcade, - - TORONTO. A STARTLING FACT ! ". ' ":: ' . " . T " ~ ""IT " . " ■ ' „ ! -. ! , ' ■ ' "" , " ^' — " ' ' ' - , ' " ■ . ' f ^ "• — " ^ ' " —' ■,, . : ' .,■. * ■ .., '* . . - . . . . ■. m i. ,■. >-.THE^ STANOARD^^ PICTIONARY,^-^ Of the ENGLISH LANGUAGE will contain 100,000 more words than in any other single volume Dictionary, and md,ny new and valuable features not to be found elsewhere. THE PRICE ONLY $8.00. DUTY FRE >: SUB We Send Free upon application, Sample Pages sddng full II and all Partl^ulart. FUNk & WAQNAtLS NEW YORK. LONDON. BNO. 11 Bichmond St. Wett, TOMQSTO, Oarav Uf If . i , ^ l" i > « } TCROrvTO CENTRAL LIBRARY licial Sciences "E> J^ alners Benefit ir agevity. .ARS. W INGE GO. ager. 3RONTO. T! V lore words T new 30N, BNa. ■iS-e;^, METnO?OUTAN TCROrffO CENTRAL LIBRARY licia) Sciences c J/i^^ /^ /^ /^. k\ WILLIAM CAREY. "Expect great things from God." "Attempt great things for God.'^ > *."♦ •*>•* inst various t( be true to form for t full, othei furnished 1 meetings, discussioi with the ( JUH9 «70 be read 1 of our M interest a i INTRODUCTORY. TrHE CAREY Centennial Meetings, held in the Jarvis St. Baptist Church, Toronto, on February i6th and 17th, 1892, were of surpassing interest from first to last. This was due to two things ; the exceptionally instructive character of the programme, and the able way in which the various topics were dealt with. It was felt by the Board that they would not be true to their trust if they failed to gather these papers together in permanent form for the information of our people. Some of the addresses are given m full, others are abridged. Instead of his lecture on Carey, Mr. Stewart has furnished us with a briefer sketch of Carey's life. Nothing but the papers and addresses are here given ; but the prayer meetings, which opened each day's meeting, the hearty singing, and vigorous discussions with which these addresses >vere interspersed, had not a little to do with the overflowing interest and power of these meetings. It is the hope and prayer of ine Board that these stiring reports may be read by very many of our people, young and old, and that the clearer view of our Missionary work and responsibility thus obtained, may lead to deeper interest and greater lioeraliiy. * II THE LIF ask( WOI not which is b the skelet< In they, accc these, whi the well the South pury. He became K fertile in s life of Enj a family o William v his father he was a { in the ru 1816, had Wi his father all natun and he wa tree is w Nichols, £ subsequei own acco conversio then Cur£ grace. I at Hdckh nite shap Northam shoemak( day was, Tl; from it hi he left El almost ei THE CAREY CENTENNIAL MEETINGS. WILLIAM CAREY. By Rev. J. W. A. Stewart, B. A., Rochester, N. Y. LIFE OF CAREY in three thousand words ! This is what I am asked to write. The thing seems impossible. The three thousand WORDS can be written ; but that they shall contain much life I dare not promise. This sketch will bear the relation to the life of Carey which is borne by a perfectly dry skeleton to a living man. He who looks upon the skeleton must use his imagination, and clothe it with flesh and blood. In the opening century of our era, when the Romans occupied Britain, they, according to their custom, intersected it with well built roads. One of these, which ran from Dover to London, and from London to the North was the well known "Watling Street." On the South side of Watling Street, in the South East corner of the County of Northampton, is the village of Paulers- pury. Here, on the 17th of August, 1761, Carey was born. George the Third became King in 1760. This was the time of William Pitt. It was a period fertile in significant movements and events. The political, social and religious life of England at that time is worthy of attention. Carey was the first-born of a family of five. His father, Edmond Carey, was a weaver by trade, but while William was still a child he became parish clerk and schoolmaster, which offices his father had filled before him. He was a man of "the strictest integrity," and he was a great reader. Amongst his pupils was his son, whom he instructed in the rudiments of knowledge, and who, by the time of his father's death in 18 16, had already attained to great eminence. William was "small for his years and slightly built." He early imitated his father in his love of reading ; he was intensely fond of plants, insects and all natural objects, with which, while yet a child, he crowded his little room ; and he was possessed of an indomitable spirit. The story of his climbing a tree is well known. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to Mr. Clarke Nichols, shoemaker, Hackleton, about nine miles from Paulerspury. Here he subsequently worked as a journeyman, and still later as a shoemaker on his own account. At Hackleton also, at about the age of eighteen, took place his conversion. He came under the influence of Thomas Scott, tlie commentator, then Curate at Olney, and through him was led into an experience of divine grace. In some way he was led to attach himself to the Non-conformists at Hackleton. Through the study of the scriptures his convictions took defi- nite shape, and on October the 5th, 1783, he was baptized in the river Nen at Northampton by Doctor Ryland. " This day baptised a poor journeyman shoemaker," was the entry Doctor Ryland made in his diary. His text that day was, "Many that are first shall be last; and the last shall be first." The pursuit of knowledge had become with Carey a sort of passion, and from it his shoemaking and his poverty never turned him aside. By the time he left England he was able to read the Bible in seven languages. He was almost entirely self-taught. Soon we find him connected with the Baptist \ WILLIAM CAREY. churcu at Olney of which John Sutcliffe was then pastor. He had already ex- ercised his gifts as a preacher, and he was encouraged by Mr. Sutclifle to de- vote himself to the work of the ministry. His first settlement was ai Moult&.i ten miles from Northampton, in 1786. Here he tried to keep a school in order to add to his slender income, but not succeeding in this he resumed his shoe- making. Once a fortnight he trudged to Northampton with u wallet of shoes on his back, .ind returned with a pack of leather. It was while at Moulton that his mighty purpose took shape in his mind. He read Andrew Fuller's, "The Gospel Worthy of all Acceptation." He also read "Cook's Voyages," and he taught his class geography from a home-made leather globe. Somehow the spiritual truth and the geographical facts coales- ced, and out of their union spiang the thought as to how small a portion of the human family yet possessed any knowledge of Christ. This thought once born grew in impressiveness, and it brought with it the question as to the duty of Christians to spiead the gospel. To the subject of this sketch that question meant the duty of William Carey to spread the gospel. He stuck on the wall of his shop a large map of the world made of scraps of paper, on which he jotted down all he could learn about each country. As he sat and cobbled he studied that map. Steadily, surely the purpose was formed that he would go to thj heathen as a messenger of Christ. Of course he let his brethren know what was in his mind. Indeed he gave them no rest till they too acknowledg- ed this Christian duty and were prepared to second his plans. But what a storm of opposition he encountered. His lather, his wife, his brethren in the ministry, the church, the world, the East India Company — all were opposed. But the oak does not yield before the storm, it only takes firmer hold. Carey was made of oak. In 1789 he removed from Moulton to Leicester to take charge of a con- gregation in Harvey Lane. Here in 1792 he published his pamphlet, written at Moulton, " An Enquiry into the Obligation of Christian to use Means for the Conversion of the Heathen." Shortly afterwards, on May 31st, 1792, he preached his famous sermon at the Association meeting at Nottingham. The te.xt was Isaiah 54 ; 2, 3 ; the points were, ist, Expect great things from God ; 2nd, Attempt great things for God. That sermon really created the modern Foreign Mission enterprise. That sermon had been five years in the making, and it had proportionate power. There was no resisting it, and as an immediate result a resolution was passed, " That a plan be prepared against the next meeting at Kettering for the establishment of a society for propogating the gospel among the heathen." Six months later at Kettering, after the meeting was over, twelve ministers met in the house of Mrs. Beeby Wallis, and formed the Baptist Missionary Society. Before they separated a subscription was made for the work of ^13 2s. 6d. Andrew Fuller was made Secretary of the Society and Carey offered himself as its first missionary. And so Carey's great thought at last had organized form. The organization it is true, was as humble as it could be, ministers and laymen alike held aloof from it. There was no high sounding name to lend it respec- tability. Its first subscription in money was almost ridiculously small. But to start from the humblest beginnings is the law of the Kingdom of God. The manger in Bethlehem was the cradle of Christianity. Not till eight months after the formation of the Society did Carey set sail. Meantime the question as to the country in which the work should be undertaken had to be determined, money had to be collected, and all the ne- cessary preparations for setting forth had to be made. At length all was in readiness. India was fixed upon as the field. Carey resigned his charge at Leicester. Mrs. Carey refused to go, and her husband felt that he dare not with'draw and therefore must go without her. A farewell meeting was held at Leicester on March 20th, at which Fuller preached from the words " Peace be Unto you ; as my Father hath sent me even so send I you." W'lI.I.IAM CABKY. ;ipe in his mind, ion." He also John Thomas, a ship surgeon, who had been in India and had attempted to preach there, offered to accompany Carey. They took passa>;e on The Earl of Oxjord, an Kast Indiaman, but the captain was warned that informa- tion would be laid against him for having on board an unlicensed person, and so Carey and Thomas had to take back their passage money and go ashore. The East India Company, which 'hen ruled British India did not propose in. any way to encourage Christian miss is. However, all turned out for the best. Mrs. Carey was now prevailed upon to go. Passage was taken on tlie Kronr Princessa Maria, a Danish ship, and on June 13, 1793, they set sail, and speed- ily lost sight of the white cliffs of England, which they were never more to look upon. The day of steam-power and of quick voyages ha'' not yet dawned. Not until November 1 ith did they arrive in Calcutta. Carey was now thirty-two years of age. He had been well disciplined in the school of hardship, nor had he set out on this enterprise without counting the cost. And he needed every lesson he had learned and all the courage he pos- sessed for the task and the difficulties which were no\v before him. He was a stranger in a strange land, without friends and without money, for the little stock of money which he brought was soon exhausted. A trying climate had to be endured, illness entered his family, his wife bitterly upbraided him. He was forced to do something for the sustenance of his family. After vaiious shifts he accepted an appointment as manager of an indigo factory at Mudna- batty, to the east of Calcutta, where he remained till 1799. The necessity for this secular occupation will appear when it is remembered that during their first three years in India the Society at home sent out only ^200 for the support of Carey and Thomas and their families. Nevertheless the Society at home fears that he is beginning to look back after having put his hand to the plough, and they send him a letter of "serious and affectionate caution." As for Carey he spends all his spare time at Mudnabatty in missionary work, in preaching and? teaching and translating. While here he translated the whole of the New Tes- tament into Bengalee. Every dollar he can spare from his family's suppoit goes to his work. " I am indeed poor," he writes to the Committee, " and shall always be so till the Bible is published in Bengalee and Hindoostanee, and the people want no further instruction." While at Mudnabatty one of his children died, he himself had a very serious illness, and his wife was stricken with incurable melancholy and had to be kept under restraint till her dying day. These first years did not bear much fruit, they were chiefly years of fur- ther training for the great work he was yet to do. In October, 1799, Marshman and Ward with others arrived from Eng- land to help in the work. It soon became evident that they could not settle as missionaries on the East India Company's territory, and accordingly that they might be under Danish protection they settled at Serampore, sixteen miles up the Hoogly from Calcutta, where Carey at once joined them. It was not till 1814 that the Christian Missionary could go about his work like other men in British India. Henceforth the toils and fortunes of these three — Caiey, Marsh- man and Ward — were united, and the story of one is the story of all. Colonel Bie. the Governor of Serampore, was a Christian man, .ind he received these missionaries very kindly, and in various ways aided them in their work. His. action in this respect met with the approval of his Home Governmental Copen- hagen. After deliberation the missionaries adopted the Moravian idea and settled as a single family, with a common purse, a common table, and a com- mon abode. Each was allowed a small separate sum for pocket money, and whatever remained was devoted to the mission. They drew up an agreement, which was to be read publicly three times a year, and by which they bound; themselves to the most unqualified consecration. And then they set to work.. And this they did in no narrow spirit. Carey was remarkably many-sided, and nothing that concerned the welfare of India escaped him. He saw now that "the gospel was to be made known to an immense population • the Bible to be 8 WILLIAM CAREY. translated into many languages ; a whole Christian literature to be created ; that schools were to be established ; the people to be educated ; a succession of native evangelists, pastors and teachers to be rai':,ed up ;" that in every way broad foundations were to be laid for the work of christianizing India. He had already translated nearly the whole of the Bible into Hengalee ; while at Mud- nabatty a wooden printing press had been given him ; this was straightway set up, and on March 8th, 1800, Ward, the printer, placed the first sheet of H?^ngalee New Testament in Carey, the translator's, hands. The limitations as to the length of this sketch will not allow me to give any of the details of the work at Serampore during the thirty four years which elapsed between the settlement of the missionaries there and the death of Carey. I shall attempt therefore to summarize the facts as best I can. And firct let me take up the important question as to where the money came from tc enable these men to do wiiat they did. In the year 1800 Lord Wellesley, Governor-General of India, established Fort William College at Calcutta, for the training of those who proposed to enter the civil service. Carey, as the one jTian in India best qualified for the office, was appointed teacher of Bengalee, :Sanskrit and Mahratla with a salary of $3000 a year. He was afterwards raised to the status of Professor with ;>. salary of $7,500. Subsequently he also -drew $1,800 a year as Government translator. Marshman and his wife estab- lished schools which brought them nearly $5,000 a year. What did they do with this money ? During theii lirst twenty-six years at Serampore they e.\- pended on the work of the mission in buildings, equipment, printing &c., $290- 000. Of this sum $50,000 came fron; England ; the balance they earned and contributed themselves. Though their earnings w^re so large they lived on , as little as possible. Three hundred dollars a year was all Cirey allow- ed for himself and family. It is estimated that this Serampore band contri- iauted all-told to the cause of religion little short of $400,000 ! ■ Next we shall speak of their work in translating and printing the scrip- tures. Whilst Carey was so many sided, imd was always ready for any kind of n^'ssionary work, it was as a translator of the Bible that he was preeminei.t. In 'is childhood and in his humble shoemaking days he sowed the seed of whici the harvest now appeared. He iiad begun the work of translating almost immediately after his arrival in India. They accumulated many helps at Serampore. Carey was able to get valuable aid from men of learning at Fort William College. The newly-formed British and Foreign Bible Society aided with monev. They built a large printing and type-founding establish- ment, and they worked like slaves. In the course of thirty years there issued from :hat mission press 212,000 volumes of the sacred word in forty different languages and dialects ! In addition to all this, and to prepare the way for his successors, Carey made grammars and dictionaries of language alter language. It need scarcely be said that meanwhile the direct work of evangelizing and mstiucting was cairied on with vigor and success. Andrew P'uller, who died in 1815, was pcmiitted to see before his death nearly 700 native converts baptized by the missionaries, 10,000 heathen children insliucted in the schools, the gospel preached far and wide, and in every way a really aggressive work being done. In order to make known how it was possible for Carey to accomplish so onuch I think it worth while to give the following extract from a letter of his M'ritten from Calcutta. "I give you a short view of my engagements for the present day, which is a specimen of the way of spending one half of the week. I rose this morn- ing at a quarter before six, read a chapter in the Hebrew Bible, and spent the itime till seven in private addresses to God, and then attended family prayer •with the servants in Bengalee. While tea was getting ready, I read a little in Persian with the Moonshi, who was waiting when I left my bedroom ; read also before breakfast a portion of the .Scriptures in Hindoostanee. The moment e to be created ; ;d ; a succession lat in every way f India. He had ; while at Mud- s straightway set sheet of Hf^ngaiee How me to give Dur years which id the death of ;st I can. And oney came from Lord Wellesley, : at Calcutta, for "arey, as the one er of Bengalee, was afterwards iquently he also his wife estab- lat did they do mpore they ex- nting &.C., $290- liey earned and e they lived on all Carey allow- e band contri- [iting the scrip- ' for any kind of I'as prceminei.i. wed the seed of of translating ted many helps of learning at n Bible Society iding establish- rs there issued 1 forty different the way for his after language, of evangelizing ew Fuller, who native converts in the schools, ggressive work ) accomplish so a letter of his ;nt day, which ose this morn- and spent the family prayer read a little in )om ; read also The moment A SYNOPSIS OF PASTOR W. PROSSER'S EXPOSITION. Q "breakfast was over, sat down to the translation of Ramayun from the Sanskrit, with a pundit, >vho was also waitmg, and continued this translation till ten o'clock, at which hour I went to college, and attended the duties there till be- tween one and two o'clock. When I returned home I examined a proof sheet of Bengalee translation of Jeremiah, which took till dinner time. After dinner translated, with the assistance of the chief pundit of the college, the greater part of the eighth chapter of Matthew in Sanskrit. This employed me till six o'clock. After six sat down with a Telugu pundit to learn that language. At seven I began to collect a few previous thoughts into the form of a sermon, and preached in English at half past seven. About forty persons present. After sermon I sat down and translated the eleventh of F.zekiel into Bengalee, and this lasted till near eleven, and now I sit down to write to you. After this, 1 conclude the evening by reading a chapter in the Greek Testament, and -commending myself to God. / /lai'e never more time in a day than this, though the execrises vary}'' The italics of the last sentence are mine. Let the reader ponder that extract and he will discover one secret of Carey's prodigious work. My space is exhausted, none is left to tell of Carey's three successive wives, or of his children; or of Krishna Pal, his first native convert, or of the burning of the mission premises in 1812 ; or of Carey's great love of flovv-ers, his splendid garden, and his rank as a Botanist ; or of the agricultural society which he formed, the first in India ; or of his introduction of the steam engine into India ; or of the honors which came to him in his later years ; or of what that work of Foreign Missions has come to which he inaugurated. Nor is there space to say aught of his beautiful personal character. He toiled on to the end, latterly in much physical weakness. His death took place on the morning of June 9th, 1834. His grave at oerampore is marked by a stone which bears this inscription directed by himself. WILLIAM CAREY, Born, August 17, 1761. Died, June 9, 1834. "A wretched, poor, and helpless worm. On Thy kind arms I fall." "Mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace." A SYNOPSIS OF PASTOR W. PROSSER'S EXPOSITION ON MARK 1 : 38, AND JOHN 17 : 18. \\1\A\HEN DR. \/M of Dr. Cai ■(■( said, "Ml DUFF paid his last visit to Dr. Carey's death bed he talked .arey's life. After prayer and a tender farewell, the dying man Mr. Duff you have been speaking of Dr. Carey; when I am gone say nothing of Dr. Carey — speak about Dr. Carey's Saviour." At our Carey Centennial meeting, it is a striking and gratifying coinci- dence, that after a season of prayer, our service should begin with an exposi- tion on the mission of Dr. Carey's Saviour. Mark i .• 38 ; "And He said unto them, let us go into the next towns, that I may preach there also, for therefore came I forth." John 17 : 18 ; "As thou hast sent me into the world, even so have I also sent them into the world." i i 'I ■ I ^1! I) lO A SYNOPSIS OF PASTOR W. PROSSER'S EXPOSITION. The leading thought in these coupled verses seems to be, — Ma/ Chris fs mission is the model of our mission in the world. Christ is our model in the QUALIFICATIONS necessary for our mission. Comparing these with other scriptures, we discover a four-fold qualification. The first suggested is : — An official qualification. "For therefore came I forth," not from Capernaum, where He made His home, not from the desert place where He had retired for prayer, but from the Father. " For I proceeded forth and came from God ; neither came I myself, but He sent me;" John 8 : 42. In His divine nature the Son is the equal of the Father. In His office as Mediator He is the subordin- ate and the "sent" of the Father; "the angel of the covenant" and "the apostle of our profession." " As Thou hast sent me into the world, even so have I also sent them into the world." The Father sends the Son, the Son sends His disciples, and the commission in both cases is of the same divine authority. On this author- ity the Twelve Apostles, and afterwards the Seventy Disciples, were sent forth as pioneer missionaries, whose Home Mission was the prelude and the outline of the Foreign Mission work mapped out in the Great Commision, "Go ye there- fore, and teach all nations," etc.. Mat., 28 : ig, 20. This commission of Christ though addressed to the eleven was not intended to be limited to the apostles. It includes all His disciples in every age, individually as Christians, and collec- tively as churches. This is evident from the accompanying promise, " And lo, I am with you alway, even unto the end of the world." This is the Magna Charta of the whole body of believers ; our title deed to the possession of the world, bearing the signature and the seal of Him to whom " all power is given in heaven and in earth." A supernatural qualification is suggested by comparing these passages with Luke 4 : 18, 19 : "The spirit of the Lord is upon me," etc. Not only the authority, but also the power to prosecute His mission came from the Father. This is the "grace of God" which was upon Him from His childhood ; the Holy Ghost, symbolized by the dove-like form at His baptism, and the Spirit which the Father gave the Son "not by measure" but in entire fulness and abiding power. The spirit that was in Christ He gives to His disciples. " He breathed on them and saith unto them, receive ye the Holy Ghost." This simple act was a symbol and an earnest of the "promise of the Father" and the "power from on high" with which they were "endued" on the Pentecost, when " they were all filled with the Holy Ghost." The same divine gifts and graces are needed by all Christian workers in every age. The efificacy of human instrumentality depends entirely upon the agency of the Spiiit. Water and steam are being superseded by electricity as motors in the mechanical world, but the motive power of the Gospel is subject to no change or improvement. The heavenly electricity that thrilled the souls of men on the Pentecost is the only power that can move them now. " Not by might, nor by power, but by my Spirit, saith the Lord." A moral qualification is implied in Christ's commission by the Feather. Christ came forth from the Father as the "brightness of His glory, and the ex- press image of His person." His disciples are also made "partakers of the divine nature." T! is spiritual regeneration is an indispensable qualification for the evangelization of the world. Saved souls are the divinely called and the most effective preachers of the Gospel. Their message is not a cold theory, but a glowing, heartfelt experience. " We want men with hot hearts," said a Chinese convert, "to tell us of the love of Christ." Observe again the cnnohling character of these divine qualificaticns. "Jesus knowing that the Father had given all things into His hand, and that He was come from God and went to God." — What follows this sublime as- is aggressi )SITION. A SYNOPSIS OF PASTO*. W. PROSSER'S EXPOSITION, II to be, — that Christ's t is our model in the other scriptures, we ited is : — An official Capernaum, where He had retired for md came from God ; His divine nature the )r He is the subordin- covenant " and " the lave I also sent them ids His disciples, and )rity. On this author- ciples, were sent forth lude and the outline of mision, " Go ye there- commission of Christ imited to the apostles. Christians, and collec- ing promise, " And lo, This is the Magna 5 the possession of the >m " all power is given paring these passages r»e," etc. Not only the came from the Father, m His childhood ; the aptism, and the Spirit t in entire fulness and ciples. " He breathed ost." This simple act ather" and the "power Pentecost, when " they all Christian workers in lends entirely upon the rseded by electricity as if the Gospel is subject y that thrilled the souls love them now. " Not •d." imission by the Feather, if His glory, and the ex- riade " partakers of the ensable qualification for divinely called and the gc is not a cold theory, vith hot hearts," said a se divine qualificaticns. into His hand, and that bllows this sublime as- sumption : A dazzling display of miraculous power? No. He assumed the position of a menial and washed His disciples feet. The lesson is sublime. Our divine commission ennobles the humblest work done for Christ. Nothing is common or unclean in the service of our Divine Master. Christ is our ex- ample in the SUPREME WORK of our mission. " Let us go into the next towns that I may preach there also, for therefore came I forth." They were pressing Him to heal more of their sick. He reminds them that He had a work to do in the healing of souls. We, too, are " partakers of the same heavenly calling." Otir supreme work is to " preach the Gospel to every creature." Christ is our copy in the SPIRIT in which we are to prosecute our mission. Like Christ we should be moved by the spirit of dcTotion. "And in the morning rising up a j^reat while before day. He went out and departed into a solitary place and there prayed," Mark I : 35. He spent long hours m lonely prayer, that by a soul-refreshing com- munion with the Father He might renew His strength for the duties of the day. We should combine work and prayer. On the Pentecost it was the praying church that was filled with the spirit and blessed with converts. Pen- tecostal times are to be enjoyed only on Pentecostal conditions. The Peters must preach and the disciples must pray. The conclusion of thirty years' study of the philosophy and history of missions is thus expressed by Rev. A. T. Pierson : — " the whole basis of successful missionary work is to be found in believing and importunate prayer.' Our Saviour's unremitting devotedness should characterise our mission. The setting sun had left Himhealinj/the sick. The rising sun found Him already at His devotions. How tired he must have been, and yet he seeks not more rest, but more work. " Let us go into the next towns that I may preach there also." According to Luke, " 1 must preach the kingdom of God to other cities also." I viiist. It was not the " I must" of uncontrollable circumstances but the " I must " of a moral obligation, of a holy enterprise, of a sacred enthu- siasm, of a self-sacrificing love for souls. The spirit of Christ is our spirit if we are His. " For necessity is laid upon me ; yea, woe is unto me, if I preach not the Gospel." "For we cannot but speak the things which we have seen and heard." Christ is our pattern in the METHOD to be adopted in our mission. " Let us go into the next towns." Here is indi- vidual effort. •' Let us go." The work is ours personally. There should be a sense of personal responsibility leading to personal consecration. " Lord, what wilt thou have me to do ?" Here is united t&oxi, " Let wj go." Let us go together. Individual capacity for work is increased by co-operation. " Three helping each other," says an old proverb, "are as good as six." "One shall chase a thousand, and two shall put ten thousand to flight." Here is aggressive effort. " Let us go into the next towns." Our Lord here proposes another preaching tour. Moving from place to place, He soon covered with His ministrations the whole of Galilee. The religion of Christ is aggressive. The missionary spirit is its soul and life. Missions are its distin- guishing badges among the religions of the world. While there is a country unevangelized or a soul unsaved, we must " preach there also." We thank God for this word "also." It is a golden link that binds every part of the globe to the heart of Christ and His church. Christ is our rule in determining the EXTENT of our mission. "As Thou hast sent me into the world, even so have have I also sent them into the world." The field is the world. This field our Saviour claimed, notwithstanding the limitations of His earthly life. " I am -# • / > 12 LESSONS FROM THE MISSIONARY LABORS OF THE APOSTLES. m not sent but unto the lost sheep of the house of Israel." For some good but un- known reason there was a limit to His personal ministry, but there was no limit.to His mission as the world's Redeemer. Saving grace knew no bounds. The mar- vellous faith of the centurion at Capernaum brought salvation to a devout proselyte. When Christ entered the borders of Tyre and Sidon, the home of the Syro-PhcEtiician woman, He touched heathen ground for the only time in His life, and put in His claims, as it were, to the Gentile world. When certain Greeks procured an introduction to Him, He saw in their coming a fore- shadowing of the universal attraction of His cross, "And I, if I be lifted up from the earth, will draw all men unto me." After His death and before leav- ing the world to go to the Father, invested with the sovereignty of the world He had redeemed, He issued the Royal Charter grantmg His disciples in every age the right to take the world in His name. "And ye shall be witnesses un- to me both in Jerusalem and all Ji lea and in Samaria and unto the uttermost parts of the earth." Alexander conquered the world in less than thirteen years. Christ our King claims the world. Modern missions are a century old. There are ten hundred millions of heathen who have not heard of the Gospel. There are thirty million protestant communicants to evangelize the world. Shall the proposal to " preach the Gospel to every creature " withm this century prove a dream or a prophecy? With Henry Martyns portrait looking down upon him in his study and seeming to say — "Be earnest! Don't trifle!" — the devout Charles Simeon would reply — "I will be earnest! I will not trifle! Souls are perishing and Christ must be glorified." Behold a greater than Martyn is here. His eye is upon us and His voice is ever saying, "as my Father hath sent me, even so send I you." Inspired by His exan.ple with a self-sacrificing and an untiring zeal, let the "sacramental host of God's elect" go forth to the speedy conquest of the world. LESSONS FROM THE MISSIONARY LABORS OF THE APOSTLES. By Rev. J. J. Baker, M. A. [Original Paper Abridged.] ijE DO not limit the word apostles to its narrower meaning. The brief applications made of the principles herein discovered, are not in the spirit of faultfinding. We gladly welcome laborers into every depart- ment of the work and freely give the place of honor to any and every- one who has heard the call to go into the regions l>eyond. There can be but one end before us in our work to-day, but the diverse conditions of the peoples of the earth may demand a variety of methods in order to gain that end. With the world before us, the major part unev'?ngelized, and believing we are in debt to man because God has entrusted us with the gospel, we are concerned to ful- fil th( commission. To do this men must be employed, methods adopted, and money expended. The consideration of the latter topic does not fall to our lot. If there were no greater reasons, and we believe there are, the limited resources of Canadian Baptists ought to lead us to hold rather rigidly to the economical principles of early christian effort. A brief study of apostolic evangelism may reveal to us what these principles are. I. the LABORS IN WHICH THEY ENGAGED TELL US MUCH OF THE MEN THEMSELVES. Once the little company proved themselves cowards. But later the same few, who were 7tot the same few, and others who joined them, turned the world up- side down through the preaching of Jesus and the resurrection. They were no longer worried with feelings of their own importance, but with their better POSTLES. LESSONS FROM THE MISSI .^ARY LABORS OF THE APOSTLES. 13 2 APOSTLES. lUCH OF knowledge of the kingdom they reahzed that they were apostles of God, and^ with this conviction, they went forth to obey, at any cost, God rather than man. They were endowed with the power of the Holy Ghost. They were to be witnesses of the resurrection but they were to wait for power from on high. After the descent of the Spirit they were new men. In their earher ministry their faith sometimes failed. Now they feel that God will manifest his power through them. They have no doubt. This was, in a degree, a new experience in their life. For, when the seventy returned, they seemed surprised that even the devils were subject to them in the name of Jesus. The modern missionary may believe that all power belongs to Goii, but he will be of little use if he does not also believe, that that power will be manifested through him. From the moment the disciples were equipped with divine power they went forth to speak in His name, nothing doubting. How marked also was their courage after the coming of the Spirit. They speak out the full truth to their countrymen with biting frankness. Peter's address on the day of Pentecost is a good example. It must not be overlooked that one of the qualifications of the men who were chosen for a special ministry in the church, was that they were full of the Holy Ghost. Of these the first martyr so spoke that they were not able to withstand the wisdom and Spirit by which he spake. And Philip becoming the fore- runner of the modern r.iissionary preached the word with power to the citizens of Samaria. They became busy men too I They had the tidings to announce. The Master's conmiand was to go — go everywhere — go everywhere and preach — go everywhere and preach to everyone. They realized the presence of Jesus. Before leaving, He sent them forth to labor with the promise, "Lo, I am with you alway even unto the end of the age." Possibly we fail to realize fully, the meaning of the forty days' ministry to the apostles. During this time Jesus kept appearing to them and speaking the things concerning the Kingdom of God. They came to be ever conscious of His presence though they saw Him not. Not till after forty days of this kind of experience does He give them the promise of His eternal presence. Not long ago they thought the cross had taken Him from them. They learned better. Now the days of this kind of ministry are nearly over. Will they lose Him forever? No, no, they heard this sweetest of all promises for them, " Lo, I am with you alway." No marvel if the modern missionary feels that heaven is nearer him in his isolated field of labor . ' The Lamb is all the glory e'en of Immanuel's Land.' As he obeys the Master's command " go," he grasps the Saviour's promise, " Lo, I am with you." They were specially sensitive to the divine leading. They are Jews, and surely a Jew will not be called to defile himself with Gentile dogs. But when the Spirit bids Peter, after his vision, " go with the men who had called for him," he pockets his prejudices, and sets out. When they came to Caesarea he says, after reminding the people assembled that it was not lawful for a Jew to join himself to those of another nation, that God had showed him otherwise. " Wherefore," he added " I came without gainsaying." The spirit prompted the brethren in Antioch to " separate Barnabas and Saul for the work " of foreign missions. When they had fasted and prayed and laid their hands on them, they sent them away. Philip, in the midst of his prosperous mission in Samaria^ heard an angel of the Lord bidding him arise and go at noon unto the way that goeth down from Jerusalem to Gaza. And he arose and went In the way he saw Candace's treasurer, in his chariot, reading Isaiah. The Spirit said, "Go and join thyself to this chariot " ; and he ran to him. We may only mention how Paul and Silas heard the Spirit forbidding them preach in Asia ; how they were not permitted to go into Bithynia ; and how, after Paul's vision of a woman of Macedonia standmg and calling for help, Luke says, " Straightway we sought to go into Macedonia, concluding that God had called us for to preach the gos- pel unto them." Whoever would truly do the Lord's work, must seek to followv the Lord's leading. M LESSONS FROM THE MISSIONARY LABORS OF THE APOSTLES. il The apostles were well qualified ^ so far as this world is concerned for the work which they had to do. Some have thoughtlessly assumed, that the apos- tles were, in the language of scripture, " ignorant and unlearned men." We admit that few of them were trained in the schools. But we know something of the qualifications of some of them. Fishing may not have been a very lucra- tive business ; but, Peter and Andrew, James and John, made it pay. Some of the powers developed here would serve them well in after years, when they toiled for men as they had toiled for fish. We need not mention Paul and his fellow laborers. Matthew was a publican. It is inconceivable that Jesus with his knowledge of men would choose those who could not receive the highest equipment for their work. The men who were chosen later for special work, and who also preached Christ, were full of wisdom — capable business men. Not a few modern missionaries have been able to do the highest work because they were men of affairs. The apostles received special training for their work. We have learned to-day, that education does not cc.isist in the accumu- lation of scholastic lore. Men " learn to play on the harp by playing on the harp." Two or three years tuition under Him who spake as man never spake, is no mean s lecial training. They were face to face with the highest ideal, and took note of the most instructive examples. Beyond this they were early sent out to work. Their mistakes were corrected and further instruction given. If ever men were qualified to go, and teach, and preach, these men were the apos- tles of Jesus Christ. II. WE CAN CVTHER VALUABLE LESSONS FROM THEIR METHODS. well defined plans. However, we shall They went do well to out and observe It may be that they had no did the work as the way was opened, the principles revealed in this work. They preached the gospel. We do not mean by preaching here, only the deliverance of finished discourses. The man who above all others was to try his mettle on various battle fields, flung down the gauntlet in the face of any foe, but fought only with the sword of the Spirit. " I am not ashamed of the gospel." That is the proclamation of Jesus. This was the means depended on to reach all men and all classes of men. The common people, the nobles, the priests of their own nation, were to be won by it. In Athens the well-fed Epicurian, and the purer, sterner philosopher of the Porch, were to find wisdom in this foolish- ness. In Rome, not only the slave but the sturdy soldier and the members of the Imperial household, were to be subdued by its power. In Corinth, the rich commercial man, the scab labourers from his warehouses, and society men and women of bad morals, were to find here the power of God unto salvation. In the half civilized cities of Asia, where the morality of a simpler life had not wholly perished, the prraching of Jesus was to reveal a pure God incarnate, and win many jewels for his crown. These early messengers of the cross be- lieved in the power of God through preaching. With any other weapon they would have been like David in Saul's armour. When the Christians of Jerusa- lem were driven out by persecution they went about preaching the word. They assumed that men everywhere were able to understand the story of the Christ and to believe in Him. Each one told out in his own way what by experience he knew. The apostles also refused to have their hands tied with other cares in the church, because they felt that their business was to give themselves to the ministry of the Word. Has not the wisdom of the apostolic method been approved in modern missionary effort? We fu"y believe in all the civilizing and christianizing agencies that attend the preaching of the cross. But let it be understood that the telling of the story, in one way or another, is first in order and first in importance. The commission directs us first to disciple, and then to teach. Education has its place. Paul did his best to instruct those who be- lieved. He taught them many things. So did Peter, James, and John. But the preaching of Christ was the only means they knew to win men from a life I LEJ •of sin. We the returns tion of this Hebrides; a and other p a missionary the gospel ir simplest for: alone amonj systems, those who results have disappointin great a dej omit for the utterances and from ot the convicti education t( becomes sei as an evang It was adop day. The understand the city of J .and poor vv.i past, to save jng." Thes, /hem. The) others manj church, and witness alon of righteous: ties of the church was in its vicini sight. The missions of and the su: method whi tion. At be in foreign C( pie. It is i the gospel t seed withot while the re ence. Run light in the Thes to reach eve faithful mer time for tli great centrt They uttere and they vv( selfishly is, APOSTLES. LESSONS FROM THE MISSIONARY LABORS OF THE APOSTLES. »5 [R METHODS. -of sin. We submit that where this means has been most persistently employed the returns are correspondingly great. Reference is here made in confirma- tion of this to the work in New Zealand, in the Fiji Islands, and in the New Hebrides; among the Karens and Telugus ; in the Sandwich Islands, Formosa, and other places. Even those who are enthusiastic for higher education as a missionary implement confess that it cannot take the place of the preaching of the gospel in its simplest form. But the argument is that, while the gospel in its simplest form is suited to a rude people, it cannot be a sufficient instrument alone among an educated people grounded in oriental philosophies and heathen systems. Paul apparently did not reason that way. It is confessed also by those who insist on higher education as a means of Christian efiort, that the results have been disappointing. But they point out that they have often been disappointing in other directions as well. VVe are convinced not nearly to so great a degree, considering the men employed and the money invested. We omit for the sake of bre\ ity valuable testimony on this point, gathered from the utterances of those who have been engaged in higher education in the East, and from others directly concerned with the work. This testimony strengthens the conviction that we do well to limit our efforts in the direction of higher education to those who are already discipled. Every now and then someone becomes seized with the idea of the immense value of a Christian community as an evangelizing agency. This was one of the early forms of Christian effort. It was adopted early in the century, and is being revived in certain quarters to- day. The preaching of the gospel is however, given a prominent place. We understand that the experiment of a Christian community is now being made in the city of Jerusalem. Doubtless it has its value, but this object lesson is a slow and poor way of telling a good story. It will please God to-day, as it did in the past, to save men, among any and every people, by the "foolishness of preach- Jng." These early Christian laborers planted churches /hem. They went to a city or town and preached. In others many, believed. The converts in a community church, and officers appointed. The apostles did not preach the witness alone, but that their hearers might be saved and become and set pastors ove> some places a few, in were organized into a gospel for a the servants of righteousness. To do this, the missionary remained as long as the necessi- ties of the place demanded, or until he was forced to leave. When once the church was gathered and organized, it was left to continue the work of the Lord in its vicinity, while the missionary apostle exercised a kind of parental over- sight. The small number of converts gathered by one of the most wonderful missions of modern times, considering the hundreds of missionaries employed, and the sums of money expended, will not help to make us enthusiasts of that method which is known as " witnessing," apart from regular cliurch organiza- tion. At best we can do little more than start the fires, and general the forces, in foreign countries. Each nation must be secured chiefly through its own peo- ple. It is a laudable ambition that this generation of Christians should preach the gospel to this generation of non-Christians. But if we only broadcast the seed without covering it, we may find that the devil has birds to pick some up, while the rest will be trodden under the foot of heathen ignorance or indiffer- ence. Running through the land with the lamp of the Lord will not kindle the light in the dark places. These men seized the strategic points. They could not hope personally to reach every man with the message; but each one was to commit his trust to faithful men, who would teach others also. It was an economy of energy and time for them, to lift up a standard among the people, to preach Jesus in the great centres of population. They set the beacon aflame on the hill tops. They uttered the word at the parting of the ways. Their message was to all men, and they were to begin at Jerusalem. This can hardly be claimed, as it often selfishly is, as direction to begin at home, for Jerusalem was not the home of i6 MEDI.tVAL MISSIONS. M the apostles. It is rather instruction to begin at the best place, where the most can be effected. And where could they begin with such advantages as this city offered ? They began at Jerusalem, and who heard ? Listen: " Parthians and Medes, and Elamites, and the dwellers in Mesopotamia, in Judea and Cap- padocia, in Fontus and Asia, in Phrygia and Pamphylia, in Egypt and the parts of Lybia about Cyrene, and sojourners from Rome, both Jews and proselytes, Cretans and Arabians." From the East and the West, from the North and the South ; from away in the heart of Asia, down in Africa and across in Europe, they were present, and heard, in their own language, the wonderful works of (lod. Verily their sound went through all the earth, and their words unto the end of the world. When Paul, especially, and his companions, began their foreign work, they went, of course not forgetting to preach Jesus in their journeys, but to make their stands in the centres of population, commerce, and learning. Look at this list, and consider iu meaning: — Jerusalem, .Samaria, C;i:sarea ; Ephesus, Phii- ippi, Thessalonica ; Athens, Corinth, and Rome. We doubt not, if the mission- ary labors of the other ipostles were as well known by us, that tiie same wisdom of method would be apparent. If time allowed we should like to indicate some other things ; especially the place gi\en to the tiiinistry of healings in the first gospel efforts. In our brief time we have tried to point out to you some of the stakes which we think ought to be put down, if we aie to follow the first mis sionarics of the cross in our own foreign work. MEDI.SVAL MISSIONS. By Rev. W. \. McKav, 13. A. T''HE close of the first century witnessed the death oi" the last one of the twelve who had been chosen and commissioned by their Master to spread the good news of salvation among the Jews and Gentiles. From Jerusa- lem to Rome, with much assurance and with much !:uccess, had the word of God been preached. Asia Minor, (Greece and Italy had proved rich soil for the seed of the kingdom, and had furnished a bountiful harvest of Christian men and women ready to go through fire and water that they might dissemi- nate the knowledge of Christ Jesus the Lord. As early as the middle of the second century so far reaching was the spread of the gospel, and so many were they who had at least nominally received it, that Justin Martyr writes: — "There is no people, (ireek or Barbarian, or of any other race, by whatsoever appellation or manner they may be distinguished, however ignorant of arts or agriculture, whether they dwell in tents or wander about in covered wagons — among whom prayeis and thanksgivings are not offered in the name of the cru- cified fesus to the Father and Creator of all things." This may be a rhetorical exaggeration, but it suffices to show that Christianity had penetrated many a city and country, and had found multitudes of recipients. By the first quarter of the fourth centur>^ Christianity had conquered the Roman Empire and instead of being unlawful had become the religion of the State. And this without the aid of such men as Paul and Silas, or Peter and John ; but, with such barriers to obstruct as we can scarcely comprehend ; with persecutions that awe the souls and appall the hearts of those who now contemplate them ; without the literary and philosophical culture of later and earlier times, but with "Epistles of Christ" filled with the spirit of God. "Every Christion told his neighbor, the laborer to his fellow-laborer, the slave to his fellow-slave, the servant to his master and mistress, the story of his conversion, as a mariner tells the story oi rescue fiom a shipwreck." "There were no missionary societies, no missionary institutions, no or- ganized efforts in the ante-Nicene age ;and yet in less than three hundred years MKUI.'KVAI. MISSIONS. 17 from the death of St. John the whole population of the Roman Empire which then represented the civilized world was nominally christianized." The temporary benefits to Christianity by its being nominally received by individuals and formally adopted by the State cannot be ignored. But the evils thus entailed were far more nu erous than the benefits received. World- liness flowed into the church like a flood and threw Christian distinctions into obscurity. Roman Paganism colored the worship of Christians so-called, and soon initiated adoration of saints, which as a matter of course brought image worship in its train. The Hierarchy, the ^eed of which had already been sown in the relation of Metropolitan bishops and their presbyters, advanced in its development. Persecutions, which in former days had been employed by the Pagans against the Christians, the Christians themselves now enforced against the Pagans and others who failed to adopt Christianity. Controversies on ecclesiastical polity, on the (Jodhead, on Christology, on Anthropology, and on other subjects kept the church in almost constant turmoil. And yet in accord- ance -with the promise of the Lord and according to its own genius Christian- ity, when the middle age dawned upon the world, was found to have penetrated ma V distant quarters, and to have multiplied its followers in regions of the Kast and West. Ecclesiastically, the Midle Age begins with Gregory the Great, the last of the fathers and the first of the popes, at the end of the sixth century, and ends with the Reformation at the beginning of the sixteenth century. The missionary part of this period begins with Gregory (590) and terminates with Hildebrand (1073). I' '^ not meant that both before and after these dates there were not micisions and missionaries, but during the time between the close of the sixth century and the middle of the eleventh century the great aggres- sive work of extending Christianity was accomplished. I. THE KIEI.D OF MEDLEVAI, MI.^SIONS. Up to this time the leaven of Christianity had almost altogether been confined within the bounds of the Roman Empire. Now the time had come for it to spread West, and North, and East among the Celts, the Teutons, and the .Slavs, Europe in general became the mission field, and a large and benight- ed field it was. When the Apostles went forth in the name of the Lord Jesus they visited cities and countries of culture and comparatively high civilization. They found people in many ways prepared for the intelligent reception of the new faith. The Apostles of Mediaeval Missons bore their message in the earlier days of their work to nations, cities, peoples, where literature was well nigh unknown, and where society was in a chaotic state. Migration from the East and North had made Southern Europe largely a place of desolation. Roman civilization with its accompanying religious institution^ and influences, though in some things commendable, had not prepared an easy field for the Mediasval missionaries in their "work of faith and labor 01 love." Barbarism and heathenism held sway over the vast majority of those to whom the message of light and love was taken. Passion, not reason was on the throne. Law and order were conceptions beoynd the minds of the multitudes. There were the Celts, glorying in battle, with dispositions ready to set on fire on the least occasion, whose wills were but the commands of their petty chiefs, and whose religion was filled with the grossest superstitions. There were the Teutons, knowing less perhaps of the bondage of slavery than the Celts, but with char- acters equally fierce ; with a more refined sense of One Supreme Being in their primitive faith, but in later days possessed of nature worship, and after- wards given to the worship of human gods: offering all kinds of sacrifices to their gods ; offering on great occasions, human victims — slaves, criminals, captives, and sometimes even kings — as sacrifices of atonement or as propitiatory sacri- fices to their malign deities. There were the Slavs, " represented as forming three principal branches. Toward- the East, resting on the Euxine, and ex- n i8 Mr;Di/*:vAL missions. -iiljl entrance of Ro«ian conquering Romans tending from the Dniester to the Dnieper and the Don, the Antes, the progen- itors of the Great Russian people. Towards the West, resting on the Baltic, were the Wends. Between the two, the Slavenes, a nomad race blending semetimes with the eastern, sometimes with the western branch." At first, peaceful and contented to pursue pastoral and mercantile ife, but through the oppression of the Turks, the Germans, and the Mongols demoralized and de- based to such a degree as to become as savage as the savages who surrounded them ; worshiping "the god of thunder," " the god of the seasons," "the god of war," "the god of the infernal regions," and also "river nymphs, and some other deities, to whom they offered sacrifices, making divinations at the same time." II. SOMK I'AR'IICUI.AR KIKI.DS, AND SOME KMINP:NT MISSIONAKIKS OF MEDI/EVAL MISSIONS. The fields of labor to which the Mediaeval missionaries were sent demanded men of uncommon nerve, unswerving persistence, and loyal *levo- tion. And many such men were forthcoming. There were giants in those days. In consecration, in unwavering determination, in self-denying sacrifice, there were McLaurins, Timpanies, Cloughs, Judsons, and Careys engaged in medianal missions. We are not unmindful that they were men of meaj;re education ; that some of the light in them was dar'mess ; and that their real lives are difficult to know owing to the legends that surround them. And yet, in zeal, in self denial, in courage, and in faith, in many instances they have been surpassed by modern missionaries. I can but mention in a limited manner the names and work of a few of these untiring workers. ENGLAND AND GREGORY. {a) Though surrounded with much obscurity the Christianity into Britain was early in the centuries. The dominated the religious ideas of the conquered. Priests, churches and monas- teries, according to the faith of Latin Christianity, obtained a stronghold which was shaken to its foundations by the conquests of the Anglo-.Saxons, who were heathen barbarians. One hundred and fifty years after the Anglo-Saxon con- quest, in a place far remote from Britain, was born the thought of re-introduc- ing Christianity into England. The story of the beginning of this mission, though oft repeated, is interesting enough to be related here. About 575 A.D. Pope Gregory i., then a monk in the monastery at St. Andrew at Rome, was one day passing thiough the market place, when he saw three boys, of fair complexion, of beautiful faces, and of flaxen hair, offered for sale. Moved with compassion, he asked whence they came. Being told that they were 'Angles,' he replied : "Rightly are they called 'Angles,' for their faces are as the faces of angels, and they ought to be fellow-heirs with the angels of heaven." Being told that they were from the province of Deira, "Rightly" he replied "are they named De-irans. From the ire of God are they plucked, and to the mercy ofCiod are they called. And who is the king of the province?" he proceeded. " Aella," was the reply. The word reminded him of the Hebrew expression of praise, and he answered, "Hallelujah ;" the praise of God shall be chanted in that clime." Though desirous himself of going with the news of salvation to the land of these fair-haired boys, he was compelled by the voice of the people to remain in his own land, and to be represented in foreign work by another. Several years after Gregory had come to the Papal chair, he commissioned Augustln along with two score monks to begin a mission in England. In the year 596 Augustin and his fellow-laborers landed on a liu.j island (Thanet) near the mouth of the Thames. Word was at once sent "to King Ethelbert that thev had come bearing glad tidings from heaven. The king received them kindly, though he did not at once forsake the faith of his fathers. Liberty was given them to preach and to make as many converts as they might, to Chris- tianity. Soon, a few believed and were baptized. A year went by, when the MiaM.KVAl, MISSIONS. 19 SIONARIES Of Kinj( was converted and baptized, and alonj^ with liiiii came the whole nation. On his return from Aries, where he had been ordained Archbishop of the Eng- lish nation, Augustin is said to have baptized ten thousand persons. After the death of Augustin, Laurcntius, and then Mellitus came to the Archbishopric. Priests and monks were sent from Italy, who along with native missionaries carried on the work. .Vfter nearly one hundred years of such work England was nominally converted to the Christian religion. And what that conversion was. the religicus history of England from the eighth century to the time of the Reformation shows. IRELAND AND ST. PATRICK. {b) Differing in this respect from other western nations, Ireland, now a land of Romanism, in the first few centuries was semi-Protestant. After the Norman Conquest Roman influences held sway. Druidism gave place to Romanism, and the sacred Island became a stronghold of the Pope. The story of Ireland's conversion is one of the interesting tale' -^f missions. "The Christian faith dawned upon Ireland by means of twosla ," .St. Patrick, once a slave, and .St. Bridget, the daughter of a slave-mother. St. Patrick, the apostle of Ireland, was the son of Christian parentage. Where he was born is a matter of controversy. Ireland, Scotland, France, all have claimed him. Xx\ Irishman through adoption and work, it is more than probable that he was not one by birth. He was the son of a Deacon, and the grandson of a Priest. When sixteen years of age, certain Irish chieftains made some of their warlike incursions into the place where .St. Patrick was liv- ing, and along with others carried him captive to Ireland. There he remained a slave in the family of ">e of the chieftains for six years when he escaped to France. During his captivity his mind and heart turned towards God and "he was every day frequent in prayer." His escape from captivity did not sever his affection from the land where so much of his youth had been spent in bondage. There the thought of (iod had come profoundly into his soul, and his desire was kindled for the people of Ireland that ! might hear the story of salvation through Christ. "One night .St Patrick had a dream in which he thought he saw a man coming from Ireland with a number of letters. One of them he gave him to read, and in the beginning occurred the words, ' The voice of the Irish." While he was reading, he thought he heard a voice calling to him across the western sea, ' We entreat thee, holy youth, to come and walk among us.' .Against the wishes of his friends, and notwith- standing the reproaches of those who scorned his purpose, he prepared him- self for the work to which he thought (^lod had called him, and early, set sail accompanied by others for the shores of Ireland. It was not long before one of the native chiefs was baptized into the faith and a little later King Laoghaire gave him and his co-adjutors permission to preach the word through- out the kingdom. The king, his chiefs, and su^-jects were soon persuaded to adopt Christianity. The pagans at times lifted up their hands against the missionaries, but a beneficient Providence interfered and they went from place 1 3 place, — to Westmeath, Connaught, Mayo. Ulster. Cavan — manifesting the light that was in them. In the course of time other men came to .St. Patrick's assistance, and missionary tours were extended to Meath, Leinster, Ossory, and Munster. Converts multiplied, churches were built, a native ministry established, and seminaries aud monasteries founded. Dangers threatened him, difficulties surrounded him, entreaties many and earnest came to him to return to his own country and friends, but he labored on in the land of his adoption until death sealed his eyes. ' He and his fellow-laborers had made for themselves by the laboi's of their own hands civilized dwellings amidst the tangled forests and the dreary morass. At a time when clan-feud and bloodshed were rife and princes rose and fell, and all was stormy and changeful, they had covered the Island with monastic schools, where the Hi 30 MKni<+VAI. MISSIONS. scriptures were studied, ancient books collected and read, and native mis- sionaries trained for their own country and for the remotest parts of the Euro- pean continent.' Says Schaff, Ireland dreamed the dream of converting heathen Europe. In companies of twelve, its apostles went forth to Scotland. North Mritain, France, (iermany, Switzerland and North Italy." SCOTLAND AND .ST. COl.UMRA. (c) Scotland had been visited by missionaries before, but the ^reat apostle of Scotland was undoubtedly St. Columba. It has been truly said that an Irishman never finds any other place half so charmintf as the Emerald Isle. St. Columba was not x stranger to this sentiment, especially since he was born of royal blood, as royalty was then known. .And vet with e.xcellinK zeal did he leave his native land for Caledonia's wilds and wastes to live and labor theie in behalf of the souls of men. Though Columba was zealous in his work, it is probably true that he was not at first a voluntary exile. The warm Celtic blood that filled his veins l)rought difficulties that caused him to leave his "beautiful Derry." " He was ordered to abandon Ireland forever and gain as many souls for Christ in Scotland as he had destroyed in Ireland, in return for the bloodshed he had caused." A strange manner in which to send forth mis- sionaries and one not to be desired as ideal, though could as good results al- ways be assured, it might be well even in our day to introduce ecclesiastical banishment. At the age of forty-two, Columba with the usual twelve companions, sailed for the western coast of Scotland. The island lona was their destination. There, in a trying climate, exposed to robbers and wild beasts, they built a monastery which was made the centre of missionary operations. There is much savoring of modern missions as one reads how Columba's idea was not only to preach doctrine, but also to present ''a Christian community, where a number of Christian men should present a picture and model ot what Christianity was, what Christian civilization meant." During the first two years of the mission Columba struggled with the difficulties of an unknown tongue, yet during this time many people on the adjoining islands and the mainland became converts. Afterwards he chose two men more fluent in the language of the I'irts than himself and set forth on missionary tours. fLventually he came in contact with king Brude, who at first would have nothing to do with the missionary, but in a short time was converted, as well as many of his tribes. Then followed success everywhere. Churches and monasteries were built in every direction, the conversion of the king being a great influence in the persuasion of bis sub- jects. The pagans and Druids were many limes the foes of Columba and his fellow-laborers, but no opposition retarded their work. Columba died in the harness. Premonitions of death he had frecjuent- ly had, and at last death relieved the missionary when over four score years old. "It was Saturday night. As soon as the midnight-bell rang for the matins of Sunday, he rose from his stone couch, ran to the church before the other monks and there was found by his attendant prostrate before the altar. Columba opened his eyes once, turned them upon his brethren with a look full of serene and radiant joy, raised his right hand in an effort to bless them, and so passed away, says Adamnan, with a face calm and sweet, like that of a man who in his sleep had seen a vision of heaven." COLUMHAN, AND HURdUNDY AND SWITZKKI.AND. (d) Another Irish missionary of fervent zeal was Columban, the jiioneer of Irish missionaries to Continental Europe. He was a man of considerable mental and religious culture, and early in life made choice of the monastic state. .At the age of thirty he was seized with the desire to carry the Gospel to the pagans of Europe. Friends opposed but could not dissuade him from the purpose of his heart. Accordingly, with twelve others, he left Ireland and landed in France near the beginning of the seventh century. The country he MKDI KV \l. MISSIONS at tind native mis- found to be in the tiirmoiN of war. In lUir^undy, ; t length, he was received with jov and was ur^ed to remain, Init his spirit was anxious for a more difitl- ' well on porridge, so I'll give the six- oence to the mission." Is not the number lamentably small amongst us who, from love to Christ and the perishing, have exercised such self-denial? Is not the number lamentably large, who are not willing to do without their sujit-r- fluous extravagances even, in order that Christ may be glorified in the salva- tion of the lost ? How can we, for whom Jesus died, an-, in furniture and even in food — some harmless,' some harmful, b"t all unnecessary — the money which our Lord has entrusted to us, for the very purpose of sending the bread of life to the perishing I Is it any wonder that our hearts ache at the facts that stare us in the face ? What the powerful pen ot DR. PIERSON has written w ith the mission work of the church at large in view, expresses oui feelings in relation to the present condition of the mission work of our own be loved denomination in Canada. " We are brought face to face," he says, *' w ith a strange phenomenon ; the whole world open and waiting for deliverance through the (iospel of Gods grace ; the Boards of the church organized and equipped for the work of meeting this need ; men ready and offering them- selves to be messengers of this grace, but the treasuries empty, the officers compelled to call a halt. ♦ ♦ * Something is wrong, dod has not thrust this work and these opportunities upon his people to mock them. It is not in- ability which prevents the ample support of Christ's work. The income of pro- fessing Christians -s abundant to pour a continual stream into the mission treasuries, so large that every one willing to be God's ambassador could be well supported. What we need is, not more money in the hands of professing Christians, but, as Bushnell said, the ' Christianizing of the money power.' * * * The question second to none, which presses for solution is, — How can the benevolence of God's people be brought up and made to keep pace with the opportunities of His providence?" We want at least $25,000 this year to meet the obligations already as- sumed, and to move as rapidly as the unmistakable providence of God indi- cates, $10,000 more must be added to that amount, and e\en that in the aggre- gate would only be an average of less han two cents per week for all our members. Two cents a week given to hasten the coming of Christ's kingdoni and save the heathen from hell I Suppose our people would give the tenth of their income to the cause of (iod and no Christian should do less) it would be a most unwarrantable apportionment of that tenth that would not bring three times $35,000 into our Foreign Mission treasur>-. Oh, that we all could understand our responsibility as the stewards of God's money, lent us to occupy till He come, (jod help us in this thing. •'.AH the stores of earth are Thine, Thine the fullness of the seas, Thine alike in mart and mine. Lent, Init owned eternally. Thine the silver and the gold Lavished upon glitterint; toys. Thine 'he wealth the saints withold P'rom thy cause, for carnal joys; From thy stewards, careless grown, Earth's Possessor claim Thine own." UED-ROCK IN FOREHIN MISSIONS. II SO I'll give the six- 11 amongst us who, self-denial? Is not ithoul their supn- »rified in the salva- is gracioiisl) /cd, lost millions goinj^ waste in cologne, als, superfluities in ess,* some harmful, isted to us, for the Is it any wonder What the powerful view, expresses oui lork of our own be :e," he says, " with a ng for deliverance urch organizer' and and offering theni- empty, the" officers Cod has not thrust them. It is not in- The income of pro- n into the mission isador could be well ands of professing loney power.' * * 1 is,— How can the keep pace with the gations already as- lence of (iod 'indi- 1 that in the aggre- r week for all ou,- f Christ's kingdom uld give the tentli Id do less) it would t would not bring 1, that we all could \\ lent us to occupy We mention as the third corner stone of our superstructure • III. THK HED ROCK OF INFORMATION. As much of the information needed is to be found in this pamphlet, we nc-ed only state our conclusion, except simply to say that there are to-day in the Fiji Islands ordained ministers of Jesus Christ preaching the gospel o'f life to the perishing who actually know the taste of liaman flesh. Surelv the message that produces such results ought to be sent throughout the earth a't any cost. We must believe that if our people were universally informed they would oe universally awakened, and there would be no one amongst us possessini; enough grace to save his own soul, who would spend, on unnecessary luxuries', more than he would give to the cause of missions. We believe further, that the great majority- of our people would be willing, even to curtail their conveniences in the interests of the gospel, if they knew things as they really are. How- shall our people generally lie informed ? Lo\e for the souls of the heathen is a fire of God's own kindling. Information concerning their condition is the fuel that makes it burn In a solid foundation for the missionary enterprise there must be, not only the bed-rocks of Revelation^ Consecration^ and Information. Init also and essentially IV. THK I!ED-ROCK OF SUPPLIC.\TION. The power necessary to the accomplishment of divine results comes from above. The early disciples had their training in the best of colleges, even at tne feet of Jesus. They had received the divine Commission. Their rield of labor was designated. All needed instruction was gi\en, all temporal require- ments were possessed, but they had no power. The majestic engine, perfect in all its parts, — its fire-place full of coal and its boiler full of water — is yet with- out power. The coal must be converted into flame and the water int() mighty steam. Fire is needed. So these men were to tarry at Jerusalem for the en- iluement of power. Ten days of prayerful waiting upon Ciod and the divine fire came upon them. They were all filled with the Holy Spirit and the first gospel sermon produced wonderful results. Thus the work began and so it went on, and with great power gave the Apostles witness of the resurrection of the Lord Jesus, and great grace was upon them all. If Pentecost is to be re- peated there must be a repetition of that which produced it. The eternal and unchangeable purpose and plan for the redemption and salvation of the race, have a large place for CONSECRATED PRAYER, and the offering of that prayer on the part of God's people is as necessary to the accomplishment of these as is the preaching of the word. " I will yet for this be inquired of by the house of Israel to do it for them." Foreign Missions first drew breath in the atmosphere of prayer and re- ceived spiritual food through physical fasting ; and the subsequent power of the Foreign Mission movement, in e\ery age, has been in proportion to the prom- inence given to this prime factor, so fully recognized by the church at Antioch, when they ministered to the Lord and fasted and the Holy Spirit said, " Separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them." Then when they had fasted and prayed and laid their hands on them, they sent them away. "So they, being sent forth by the Holy Spirit, went down to Seleucia"and ■ceased not until the gospel " was preached in all creation under heaven." Have we fully grasped the thought, my brethren, of partnership with the Hol> Spirit n this work ? — human weakness linked to divine omnipotence in the accomplish- ment of the infinite purpose of the eternal God I Here is a motor not used as it ought to be. The latent power of our unused money is mighty, and marvel- ous results would certainly follow its consecration to the Lord's service ; but the waiting power of the Holy Spirit is almi^^htv, and union with Him, through the !'J 32 BKD-ROCK IN FOREIGN MISSIONS. ;4 I prayer of faith, would be nothing less than a linking of our coldness with His warmth— of our ignorance with His wisdom — of our darkness with His light — of our apathy with His energy — and of our weakness with His power. As it is the supreme business of the church to send the gospel of life into the re- gions of death, so the SUPRKMK NEED nf the church is the anointing of the Holy Spirit in answer to prayer. Any careful student of the missionary mo\ ements of the past, must see that evei \ inch of real progress made by the church, has been made upon her knees. .Since the day of Pentecost every time the church of Christ has set herself to praying, marvelous results have followed. When the heathen world had its doors closed and barred against the gospel, the church of (lod, inspired by the Holy Spirit, got down upon her knees and in one year (1858) the Lord threw open the doors of China, India, Japan, Italy, and Mexico ; and at the same time opened the hearts of twenty men to give more than $4,c)oo,(xx) to carry the tidings of life through those o{)en doors. When messengers \tere not forth- coming to carry the message, the church heard and heeded the voice of her great Commander saying "pray ye therefore the Lord of the har\est that He send forth laborers into His harvest,'' and now there are, in America, 7000 of the crean'" of our land desiring to go to the destitute. My brethren. His ear has not grown heavy that it cannot hear. His interest in our work has not abated, and if, in the past, in answer to prayer. He has thrown open the doors of the nations, and raised up missionaries, and opened the hearts of the heathen to their message, will He not now, in answer to prayer, throw open the hearts and purses of our people, so that earnest (lod-appointed mis- sionaries may enter the open doors, bearing the bread of life to the (^lodless millions of our fellow-men whose wail of despair is wafted upon every bree/e that blows. Prayer, in order to be effectual, must, of course, be mixed with faitii in them that offer it, and outside of meditation on the promises and character of (jod, there is nothing so stimulating to faith, as a contemplation of the UNMISTAK.MU.K PRK.SKNC K of the Christ in the Foreign Mission movements of the last century. When we consider what God has wrought, we must believe that nothing is too hard for Him. " It is a mark of Christianity " says Dr. Judson Smith "to attempt the impossible, and, through the blessing of (iod gloriously to achieve the same," lilSHOP RiPPON said that "the story of modern missions is a continuatioii of the Acts of the Apostles with all its essential supernaturalism," and Dr. Gordon pertinently adds, " that there could have been no Acts of the .Apostles, without the faith of the Apostles," and you know, my brethren, that faith is the essential coupling between the engine already describeii and the train that it is intended to draw. In mechanics we know whether a given obstacle can be removed by knowing the power that can be brought to bear upon it. The power that is at the disposal of faith in the work of missions is without limita- tion. It can divide every Red .Sea and cause every Jordan to rollback. It tan raise every Jericho, and lay every opposing Goliath low. It can open the hearts of the heathen in India and the purses ol the Christians at home. Let us ha\o faith in God. If Queen Mary had reason to fear the prayers of JOHN K.NOX more than an army of 10,000 men, how would the great adversary of Christian- ity, in every form of heathenism, be routed if missionaries and their supporters were men and women of like faith. "Lo, I am with you ahvay," saith the Author and Perfecter of our faith" and "if ye abide in Me and My words abide in vou. ask whatsoever vc will and it shall be done unto vou," woman's work in INDIA. 33 r coldness with His kness with His light ith His power. As el of life into the ro- er to prayer. Any must see that even (.ic upon lier knees. ist has set herself to then world had its iod, inspired by the 5«,' the Lord threw and at the same ,cxx),ooo to carr\- tlie ers \»cre not fortii- ed the voice of her the harvest that He in America, 7000 of V brctliren, His car n our work has not own open the doors the hearts of the to prayer, throw iod-appointcd mis- life to the Godless upon excry bree/e mixed with faitii in es and character of ation of the centur>-. When we ing is too hard for Smith "to attempt isly to achieve the ions is a continuation ituralism," and Dr. Uts of the .Apostles, en, that faith is the and the train thai it en obstacle can be )ear upon it. 'Jiie is without h'mita- to rollback. It can can open the hearts lome. Let us h:i\ c s of srsary of Christian- id their supporters y," saith the Author ivords abide in \'ou. In I. S .59 the Sultan of Turkey passed the decree that "not a rcprcsenta- live of the Christian religion should remain in the Empire.' Dr. Hamlin came to the house of Dr. (.oodell with the sa-l news, sajinj', "Doctor, it is all o\er with us. we have to leave ; the American co!i!,ul and' the Hritish aml)a>.sador both say that it is no use to meet with antagonism this violent and \ indictive monarch.'- The reply of this noble missionary of the Cross was " Dr. Hamlin, the Sultan of the Universe can, in answer to prayer, chanj^e the decree of the Sultan of Turkes." They gave themselves to jjraver and the next (lay Sultan .Mahmound died, and the decree has never been executeJ. Suppose it were clear beyond question that the Lord, in His proviilence, opened up a new station for us in India, and suppose a missionary a|)plietl whose call to the work was beyond doubt, and we had not a dollar in the trea- sury. I fear that many in our churches would think it presumption on the part ^,'' he Hoard to make the appointment, even although the God of Missions (issKirs i/s that wc may confident I y count on Ifini as the Divine Partner in this Divine-human work. Are not all the resources of the universe under his con- trol.^ Will He put to confusion the strongest faith, if it be temi)ered b\- rea- sonable prudence ? The work of giving the gospel io the world is peculiarly the Lords. .'X.s the mere instruments in its accomplishment om faith in If in/, imd not the money in our treasury, is the measure of our ability. He will not frown upon us, my brethren, if, in future we reckon more upon l/is ability, and less upon our own, in planning His work. He is the senior Partner in this firm, and the Omnipresent and the Omnipotent One, and this is the work that lies nearest his heart — the work for which He shed His blood "and He must reign until His enemies become the footstool of His feet.'' WOMAN'S WORK IN INDIA. Hv Mrs. J. T. Mookkr. C^HRISTLANS in these days need not be told, thai a great share of the fc varied work of missions is for women, and that they are fitted for this 'J work, will not be questioned 1 think, when we consider the marked suc- cess that has attended Women's Mission Societies from their very form- ation. Oriental customs have shut women, as thinking beings, away from men. The preacher has not free access to them, with men they will not, cannot talk freely. The heart best able to win their confidence is a woman's. The loving svmpathizing teacher who gains their love and shows them a .Saviour adapted to their real need, must be a woman. Woman's work should be done along with the preaching of the gospel by the missionary. So in providing stations with the best working force we should send men and their wives, and other women, to do what men caimot do, and what their wives will not have time to do. Iff]odhas given us ability, the desire to help cannot be unwomanly. It is not considered unwomanly for us to give freely into the Lord's treasury. Nor to deny ourselves for the sake of giving. Nor yet to make ourselves use- ful in our church or among the needy around us. But it is unwomanly to remain idle and indifferent in Christ's kingdom, to have no desire to reach out a helping hand to those in need. And who shall say the need is not a so»-e and pressing one. Have you read "The Missionary Need on our Telugu Fields," by Mr. Stillwell, and did not your hearts burn within you, and your cheeks blush with shame when you »' H 34 WOMAN'S WORK IN INDI :4 m i 11' thought of the little we are doing for those great multitudes of unsaved souls unwi.rned and unaided by people surfeited with Christian privileges r It is im- possible to describe the wretched condition of the poor heathen. Lives with- out a ray of light or hope, who can paint ? According to their sacred book, ' a woman has no other god on earth than her husband. To gratify and obey him should be her only devotion. His crimes and his infirmities may weigh hiin down, he may live in the world destitute of honor, but never shall his wife regard him other than her god." One woman exclaims, " Oh the fate that made us women and caused us to endure so much." They are slaves to their families and religion, but they are beginning to realize their condition, aiul crave something higher for their daughters. And just here the Christian woman has stepped in and with the Bible in her hand and the love of (lod in her heart, is slowly but surely leading them out of the darkness of heathenism into the light and joy of a Christian life. Truly " the people which sat in dark- ness saw great light, and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up." The results of the work that is being done for women in heathen laid:, can lie partly gathered from the reports of our faithful lady missionaries, though much there is that cannot be written. But our Father knows and His Dmmised blessing is sure. And the contrast between what those women were when we found them, and what many of them are now is beautifully expressed by the follow- ing from a late Missionary Review. "One looked at an Opal as it lay on a jeweller's case and it seemed cold and lustreless. Then the jeweller held the stone in his hand for a few moments, and now hone with all the colors of the rainbow. It needed the touch of a human hand to bring out the iri- descence. Like that stone in its case are the millions of women in heathen- dom. Their lives are dull and sad, and without beauty, but they require only the warmth of the hands of Christian women to draw out all the beauty that slumbers in their nature. (lodly women have proved themselves the link so long missing, to bring their sisters in Eastern lands to the feet of Jesus. I can bring to mind several wonderful instances of the power of Christianity to regenerate and elevate Indian womanhood. We find them dressed in quiet native style, going in and out of their clean homes, exerting an influence for good on the members of their families, so entirely different to what it was before the love of God took possession of their hearts. To me it is marvellous that Christianity could in a single life, have so raised a Hindoo woman from the poor shrinking thing that she once was, ashamed to look her husband in the face, or even mention his name, or speak to him in the presence of others. But now we find some "new- creatures in Christ Jesus, old things have passed away, all things have become new." But as yet very few of the women have heard of our Saviour and fewer know how to read His Word for themselves, so have no lamp to light them through the dark places of life. Missionaries are so few, and helpers so scarce, that many only meet one a few times in their lives, while millions never see one at all. Some say give up the schools and let us have more evangelistic work. Give up the schools in Canada and give us more sermons and what would be the result ? Preaching and teaching go hand in hand, schools are necessary for the training of assistants for the missionaries. Let us feel that this is a Ciod given work, and enter into it heartily and we shall find that this year shall be one of marked progress with us as a woman's society. God has blessed our efforts in the past, has spared the lives of our representatives in India, and year by year enabling us to send others. If every Christian woman instead of wishing to be excused from any part in this glorious work would press forward lOUNDATION WORK I\ THE FIELD. s of unsaved souls orivileges ( It is im- lathen. Lives witli- leir sacred book, ' a [gratify and obey hin> lies may weigh him never shall his wife "Oh the fate that / are slaves to their heir condition, and here the Christian the love of (lod in and what would be schools are necessary 5 feel that this is a nd that this year shall y. God has blessed ntatives in India, and ian woman instead of V would press forward 35 till'" Those women that are at ease hear the Lord's voice and the careless daughters give ear ur.'o his speech' then the prophos> would be fulfilled, "The Lord giveth the word and the wo-nen that publish the tidings areayreat host.'' FOUNDATION WORK IN THE FIELD AND THE KIND OF MEN TO DO IT. I!v Ri;v. J. L. CAMi'iiKi.r,, 15. A., Nr.w Vork. ^ n^IlE PAPER traced out briefly; the Apostolic procedure in dissemin- i ating the Gospel as shown in the Acts of the Apostles. Neither in ; Jerusalem, nor Palestine, nor the Gentile world did the early preachers ■/' tarry for the complete evangelization of any given locality. They seized hold of strategic places, planted churches there, stood by them and fostered and cared for them in various ways until they were fully equipped and strong enough to do their own work. Just so soon as that period arrived, this work was put in their hands, and the Apostolic missionaries passed on to do similar service in other fields. Thus the Gospel was first planted in the great centies, and the outlying smaller neighborhoods were in the meantime passed by. Once a church was established, its mission was to impress itself upon the community where God in his Providence had planted it, and go out and win the surrounding " pagans " or villagers and " heathen " or dwellers in the heath or country, to Christ. In its own proportion and way, each church be- came what the clnnch in Jerusalem had been, viz: a Home Missionary Centre, and as the work increased, its mission like Antioch, was to Join in a yet broader and remoter service. In other words, piimitive missions aimed only at doing " Foundation Work." They planted the seeds and stood by and watered and cared for them until they took firm root, and from these oaks which grew, came afterwards the acorns that built up the surrounding forests. Thev started fires here and there over the prairies and the flames spread in all di- lections. Ardently as we could wish to see whole countries brought to Christ through the instrumentality of our missionaries, yet it is important to keep the New Testament thought clearly before oui minds. The true aim of Foreign Missionary Work is the proper cstablisliDioit of Christianity in heathen lands. Tiie time is assuredly coming when it will be no longer necessary for us to send missionaries to Burmah or to the Telugus or to other fields we now occupy. Just so soon as the work can be safely left in the hands of the native churches and pastors, our missionaries will pass on beyond to the yet unreached dark places of the earth where their presence will be required. The work of the foreign missionary is therefore clearly a preliminary, preparatory foundation work and is in the very nature of the case destined to pass away. If we have succeeded in makingourselves clear this far we are now prepared to advance one step more and consider the class of men who should be sent out as missionaiies to the foreign field. Here, again, the New Testament will be our guide. The Holy Ghost said, " Separate me, Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them. " (Acts, 13:2^ — the two very strongest men whom they had among them. There is a popular theory afloat in too many places that any one is good enough to be sent to the foreign field. Those who have taken the "short cut" method to enter the ministry, those who have stood last and lowest in their classes, those who would find it difficult to obtain or retain charges in our churches at home, are looked upon as quite good enough to be sent abroad. Exceptions unquestionably there are to all rules, and the Holy Spirit chooses whom He wills. The significant fact, however, is, that in the I ; 11 I, A M 36 EXPOSITION: ACTS I I- • yreat example before us, the Holy Spirit ///^choose the very best man. The general principle does still apply in this day when educational advantages are so fully within the reach of all, that those in ordinary conditions who are satis- fied with poor fragmentary training betray the low estimate they have formed of the work of the Christian ministry and just this far cast a shadow of doubt over their fitness to enter upon it. 1. On the lowest economic grounds it is unwise to send out poorly trained men, for it will cost just as much to send them out as the best equipped, and the results are not likely to be so satisfactory. 2. I5ut there are far graver considerations. The missionary has to do foundation work as has been pointed out, and a defect in a foundation will jeopardize the whole superstructure. The early church fathers and the great Reformers did this kind of work, and errors and defects in their tea-hing have come down through the centuries and reproduce themselves at the present clay. Ofallmenthe P'oreign Mission.iry should have clear strong views of I5ible truth. 3. The Foreign Missionary has to ac(|uire a strange language and make it his own vernacular ; 'equires versitility to adapt himself to new con- ditions ; needs tact and wisdom to adjust countless complications that are un- known to us. If much is required of a pastor at home where our civilization and modes of thought and literature and jurisprudence are already so largely influenced by Christian teaching, how much more is demanded of the Mission- ary abroad where nothing of this kind exists, and where in addition to his other work he has to be the means under God of bringing these about. Who- ever, therefore, may occupy your pulpits in the churches in this favored land, let there never be the slightest hesitation about sending the choicest spirits and your strongest and ablest men to the Foreign fiel-d. EXPOSITION : ACTS 13 : 13. Hv Rev. E. W. Dadson. 15. A., Woon.STOcK. COMPANY of nifu and women, who, h\ tiio study of Cjods word are l l\ led to embrace similar views as to the teaching of scripture, resolve to fr\i, form themselves into a Christian Church. They meet, elect their of- ■V ficers, enroll their names, and are said then to lie organized. Thus it comes to pass that church organization is looked upon as a very simple affair ; and it comes to pass, consequently, that very little importance is attached to church organization ; and consequently, further, the divine organiza- tion for the propagation of the gospel of Christ is not understood, or is mis- undersood. Organisms in the animal kingdom differ vastly and according to the work the Creator demands of them. There are those lower forms of life the individuals of whirh come into exist'^nce, live their little day, and pass off the stage. Creatures with low organizations, vet wholly adequate to the business for which thev exist. And there is man, having an organization totally dis- tinct and vastly superior; fitted for the infinite range of work his Creator demands of him; having organs internal, but with no apparent relationship to anything that is without ; and having organs external, which stand most intimately relat- ed to everything that is without. Man is organized so that he can catch sights and sounds from afar and incorporate them upon his being; so that his brain power can go out to the ends of the earth ; and so that, indeed, the ends of the earth shall make their impression upon him. The man who is not affected by sights and sounds afar off; whose thought is not stirred by what is transpiring outside himself, we say is defective in organization. He is blind, or he is deaf, or he is dull witted. His organization is not perfect, that is he is not in a posi- ianization EXPOSITION : ACTS 13; I- 87 ;ry best man. The )nal advantages are itions who are satis- e they have formed ;t a shadow of doubt to send out poorly as the best equipped, missionary has to do m a foundation will athers and the great n their tea- hing have es at the present day. rong views of Hible trange language and himself to new con- )lications that are un- where our civilization re already so largely landed of the Mission- re in addition to his g these about. Who- i in this favored land, the choicest spirits and STOCK. udy of (jod's word are of scripture, resolve to y meet, elect their of- be organized. Thus it as a very simple affair ; importance is attached the divine organiza- understood, or is mis- \astly and according to se lower forms of life tlie ;lc day, and pass oft" tlie idec|uate to the business organization totally dis- •ork his Creator demands relationship to anything lid most intimately relat- that he can catch sights being; so that his brain , indeed, the ends of the in who is not affected by ;d by what is transpiring le is blind, or he is deaf, lat is he is not in a posi- tion, is not fitted, to do the work for which he v.as brought into the world. Just so God has formed man into various organizations for the purpose of doing definite and particular work. From the organization that involves but very little, to the organization whose responsibility is infinite. He has set men in families, for example, and has given that relationship its definite organization for the purpose for which it exists. There is the tribe, and there is the nation, each organized for its definite sphere of operation. The one to work for the temporal well being of all who come within the circle of its power, the other with temporal and spiritual responsibilities. But the highest organization given byCiod to have influence upon the welfare of men is His church, whose field of operation is not only the family, the state, and the nation, but the whole world; whose business is not so much with the affairs of men as with the affairs of God. The church ha\ing business, not only with the bodies, but also with the souls of men; having not only this creation, but the new creation as its sphere ; having not only local surroundings, but the ends of the earth as its responsibility is (Jods supreme organization. Its range is the most wide reaching. Its oper- ations are the most subtile. Its responsibility is the weightiest. And we should expect consequently of church organization that it differ widely from others ; that it be more delicate, more complex, if you will, that it answer somewhat to the business for which its divine Author brought it into being. To my thinking th? verses given me for exposition treat of church or- ganization and in them we have exhibited these three things : I. Here is a church with incomplete organization. II. Here is a church completing its organization. III. Here is a church with its organization completed. I. See first the church w.ji incomplete organization : How is this apparent in the church of Antioch ? Surely not in the matter of membership or officers, or other equipment that should make for general ef- ficiency. Read over the verse, " Now there were at Antioch, in the church that was there, prophets' and teachers, Barnabas, and Simeon that was called Ni^-., and Lucius of Gyrene, and Manaen the foster brother of Herod the tetrarch, and Saul." Was ever a church so favored in this respect ks the church at Anti- och ? Look over the membership roll so far as we know it. Barnabas the man whose noble presenc^ caused the Lycaonians to call him Jupiter, and whose burning eloquence was so widely known. Niger, a man otherwise un- known, yet, certainly, from his place here, a conspicuous figure. Manaen brought up in the palace, a compan-on of the royal family, having the bearing, doubtless, and the graces of an aristocrat, with the wide spread ir. luence which easy touch with royalty always gives. Luke, also, he by whom inspiration, gave us the graceful gospel narrative, and the matchless historical fragment, the beloved physician, cultured by reading and travel. Theophilus also the most excellent; and Saul the incomparable logician. Surely if church organization depended upon men available for the different offices set down, or had anything to do with the eminence by which these offices could be filled, the church at Antioch must have been a complete organization. It contained within itself everything that could give it influence and position in the community. It had among its membership, available for its official life, men of the highest social position, men of matchless eloquence, men of peerless scholarship. Thus equipped where could its organization p« ssibly lack. In this regard it was preemin- ently self-supporting and self-contained, and had within itself, one would think, everything necessary for its growth and maintenance, and the successful carrying out of the work which was given it to do. There is no suggestion in its membership roll, then, which would indicate incomplete organization. Does its field of operation suggest any difficulty in this regard ? If or- i^anization has to do with that which is outside, perhaps that which we are look- F^vJ '''.:i\r 38 EXPOSITION: ACTS 13; I -3 ing for may be discovered here. But this church had ample scope for its uf most endeavor, surely, so far as its immediate surroundings were concerned. Antioch was the third city in the empire. Its patrician quarter, the abode of the pro-consul and the Roman officials, presented a field for all the efforts of the learning of Saul, and the courtly address of Manaen. Its oriental poverty ga\e ceaseless opportunity for following the example of Him who went about doing good ; and its grove of Daphne, the most luxurious and debauched institution known to the depravity of man, opened up many i wide door through which the Spirit of Christ as represented in the church might enter to rescue the per- ishing. No church could have a better field than Antioch for the employment of its full powers, or for the exhaustion of its energies. " We,"' the Antiochians might say, " it is true, are blessed with wealth, culture, talent, and facilities, yet here in Antioch, we have a field which can employ to the full the whole and the best that we have. God has set us here, and thus far our work extends and no further.'' Here is the church then, with organization incomplete. Self-support- ing it was, self-contained, and, as a necessary consequence, selfish. It was blind because it did not see afar oft". It was deaf because it did not hear the cry from the ends of the earth. It was dull witted because its mind and heart failed to be impressed with the fateful condition of the nations lying in the darkness. It was incomplete in itsorganization because it contained no channels in through which spiritual responsibility might flow to it from the ends of the earth, and out through which its heart throbs might beat upon the last nation. C)nly thus organized the church at Antioch was not the delicately subtile and sensitive thing that God intended His church to be. It could neither hear nor see nor appreciate the heart ache of perishing humanity outside its own pale. This is the first picture of the views presented by the text, and the query may naturally arise ; Is not this the model upon which many of our churches have been constituted? They are self-supporting, self-contained, and selfish. They have wealth and learning and talent sufficient for their own necessities. They can er ploy all their energies upon business that lies immediately at hand. Except for uieirown community, they are silent, reserved, anti-evangelistic, and except for some money contributions, anti-missionary. They repeat the history of the Laodiceans," Because thou sayest I am rich and have gotten riches, and have need of nothing, and knowest not that thou art the wretched one and miser- ableand poor, and l5lind,and naked." There arechurchcs which may be likened to some such mercantile establishment as the following: It has a fine building. It has every faci'ity for trade within doors. Its shelves are admirably stocked. Its clerks and employees are engaged from the best. It counting room and de- partments are admirably manned, but it has no business connection outside of itself. Preposterous! you say. Of course preposterous, and not only so, but death. Death to the business. No business is self-supporting. No business is self-contained. Its dependence and its far reaching channels of activity are principles of its life. If the Church at Antioch were organized only as the first verse reveals its vitality must shortly be sapped. There are, sad to say, churches whicii enter upon the first step of Antioch and stay there self com- plaisant and perishing, (iod save our Canadian churches from any such blunder as this. II. We have now a view, in the second place, of a church completing it crganization. "And as they ministered to the Lord and fasted, the Holy Spirit said, separate me Barnabas and Saul for the work whereunto I have called them." As w read into the second verse we find the church at Antioch to be not the self-satisfied nor self-complaisant body of believers which the simple reading of the first verse would give us to understand. This church is not trusting to its superior position and facilities it now appears. It isn t setting great store by the wealth, intellectuallity, or social position of its members. EXPOSITION: ACTS I3; I 39 scope for its 11 1» were concerned, r, the abode of the the efforts of the iental povert)- gave went about doing iauched institution lor through which to rescue the per- r the employment "' the Antiochians and facilities, yet the whole and the rk extends and no etc. Self-support- e, selfish. It was t did not hear the its mind and heart itions lying in the ined no channels in m the ends of the )on the last nation, icately subtile and Id neither hear nor side its own pale. text, and the query ny of our churches ained, and selfish, ■ir own necessities, nmediateiy at hand, iti-evange'listic, and ),' repeat the history : gotten riches, and hedone and niiser- h maybe likened to fine building. It has ably stocked. Its ting room and de- anection outside of d not only so, but :ing. No business lels of activity are ed only as the first e are, sad to say, tay there self com- is from any such lurch completing it 1, the Holy Spirit into I have called h at Antioch to be which the simple his church is not I's. It isn t setting 1 of its members. Rather it is a church which is seized with the vital importance ot the position to which, as yet, it has not attained. In spite of its incomparable standing and resources it recognizes the fact that as yet its organization is incomplete. And now behold it in the throes of completing its organization. What has this church to do; and similarly what has any church to do in the matter of complet- ing organization; that is, of making itself efficient for the real business for which Cod ordained the Christian church ? Look at the steps it is taking. They are all significant It has to "minister to the Lord." Its thought, first of all, is to be not upon itself, nor even upon the condition of lands afar off; but its great Head in all its thought and care is to stand first. It is the business of every church first to minister to the Lord. And the particular ministry here set down, what is it ? Does not the uncommon phraseology bring the Lord himself personally into the thought a little more decidedly than do the common every day expressions " whose servants we are " and, "whom we serve." They ministered to the Lord perhaps a little more intently and intensely than would be consistent with mere church service or the service of the poor. The person, Christ, to some of them, had not yet ceased to be a memory. Certainly He had in no sense yet sunk into the mythical. These Antiochians, some of them had seen him, had heard Him, liad felt the soft touch of His beautiful hand. They had eaten His multiplied bread ; some of them. They had sobbed in sympathy with His tears ; some of them. They had seen Him in the garden, and in the judgment hall, and on the way to the cross. We know and they knew how Christ's tender heart yearned for sympathy. But he could rarely find the outward expression of it; for it was a crime to be known to be in sympathy with Him. The awful night, you re- member, when those for whom he was about to die had fallen asleep, hew ( 'lod's Son then wanted sympathy. Sympathy He must have or He would die before Mis work was done. And because men wouldn't, angels came down and minis- tered to Him. The same thing that the Antiochian church was doing. And then on the way to the cross, when the rough hewn heavy wood cut deep into His shoulders, and His trembling limbs were nigh to giving way, how He must have looked around upon all that vast throng for whom He was going to this cruel death, for some expression of pity ! And how thedesciples hidden among the people must have felt with crucifixion throes the woe they dare not reveal, and the impulse to rush to His side which they must restrain. And, oh! I10W grateful it must have been to Jesus Christ and His secretly sobbing friends when Simon, a townsman of this Lucius, member of the church at Antioch, jjut himself in the way of ministering to the Lord. These Antiochians from their experience in Jerusalem when they went up to the feast upon that fatal flay, or from the oft repeated story, had come to be touched with the pitiful pleading for sympathyof that desolate heart, and in thought,and in heart impulse, they brought back again their ascended Lord, and did to Him the acts of devotion they had failed to do while He was yet with them. In their heart of hearts they prostrated themselves before Him bathing His feet with their tears and wiping them with the hair of their head. So must it be, not only with the church at Antioch in the ist century, but with the churches of Canada in the 20th. The personality of the Saviour must be brought back from the thought that is afar off and made nigh to every one of us. We get so accustomed to the thought that He has ascended and sitteth ever at the right hand of God that we forget sometimes that He is formed within us the hope of glory, or that He is standing just without us knocking at the door of the heart. The Lord's great love for us, and His personal ministry to us, opened up a channel from the seat of God through which mercy and grace have immersed us. Our heart love for Jesus Christ and our ministry to Him open up the channels from onr soul through which our thought and life may track Him whithersoever He may go to the utmost bounds of the earth, that where He is there we may be 40 EXPOSITION: ACTS I3; I-3 i also. This lo\iny ministry to tlie Lord then is surely in the process of com- pleting ortjanization. And secondly in the way of ccmpletingorganization, the church Antioch- ian or Canadian must give itself u|) to the business of self-denial. They minis- tered to the Lord and " fasted." The church under consideration possessing abundance saw the necessity of some crucifi.xion of the flesh, of some mortifi- cation of the members. It was not the thing, so they were evidently taught by the Spirit, to enjoy, in the full fleshly sense, all the advantages whicli their metropolitan and social position made possible. They did more than sit en- tranced, listening to the eloquence of Saul. They did more than submit them- selves eagerly to the witchery of that passion mo\ ing tongue of Harnabas. It certainly appeared to them that their part in the Kingdom's business embraced sometiiing more than the mere enjoyment of each others gifts and graces. They sureh', as the\' were partakers of the Sa\iour's joy, must be partakers <)i' His suffering also. As they were to take up the cross so they were to deny themselves. And so they "fasted." Literally, of course, but surely also this at- titude is significant of much more than mere abstinence from food. It is an at- titude significant of the centre jjrinciple of discipleship. The Antiochians had not yet lost sight of the necessity of obedience to this thing which was so specially commanded. They were living in the midst of the Saviour's thought, " If any man will come after Me let him deny himself" Through good report and through e\il report, Christ's religion is two-faced, and the Christifin is bound to gaze upon each face. The church that attends to the good report only, the church that contents itself with receiving the sweet, the beautiful, and the entertaining, and has no taste for the other side, does not care for that thing which the apostle calls enduring hardness, shuts its eyes upon our Lord when He appears as the stricken, smitten and afflicted one, with His visage marred more than any man's ; the church which'does not fancy the continual leader- ship of one who has not where to lay His head, is not organized for work at God's business. This feature, self-denial, has to be taken on, and this feature, love of ease, has to be sloughed off. The gladiator who expects to do an\ - thing in the arena is confronted with this as the first principle of success. Spiritual feasting and spiritual fasting are set before us as incident to spiritual life. We have not yet realized that the latter is of equal importance with the former. The church of Antioch was ministering to the Lord. It was engaging in the solemn fast. And now while these processes were in activity, while the Lord was being ministered unto, and self-denial for His sake was being exer- cised, God's Spirit, the crowning gift to any church, the necessary and only power by which a church can do anything for Gnd, made His presence known. He did not come at the beck of wealth, nor of intelligence, nor of social posi- tion, nor learning. These qualities all existed before the Divine voice was heard. But it was in response to the loving devotion to the Lord and the exercise of the Lord's Spirit of sacrifice that the coronation of the church took place. From Antiochian to Canadian the lesson descends emphatically: The only power by which our business as churches can be prosecuted comes to us not through the donations of the wealthy, not through social position or learning. It comes through the cross-bearing — the loving ministry of which we have been speaking — and the self-sacrifice of the entire church. God help us Canadian churches to take a little more to heart the fashionof the ministry that makes for our success. And now the last step in this process of which we are speaking : cross- bearing, self-denial, and following Jesus, are fundamental to Christian and to church life. The second veise exemplifies the two first. So also it does the last. Separation and Christ following go hand in hand. In the case of the KXPOSITION: ACTS I 4' the process of com- in, the cluifch Antiocli- f-denial. They minis- nsideiation possessinj^ flesh, of some mortifi- vere evidently tnught vantages \vh:c!i their did more than sit en- ore than sulimit them- •;ue of Harnabas. It s business embraced lers gilts and graces, must be partakers of o tliey were to den> but surely also this at- Tom food. It is an at- The Antiochians had s thing which was so the Sa\ iour's thought, Through good report and the Christian is to the good report only, the beautiful, and the ot care for that thing s upon our Lord when vith His visage marred [' the continual leader- organized for work at en on, and this feature, ho expects to do any- t principle of success, as incident to spiritual al importance with the ord. It was engaging e in activity, while the > sake was being exer- le necessary and only e His presence known, nee, nor of social posi- Uivine voice was heard, rd and the exercise of he church took place, nphatically: The orly icuted comes to us not al position or learning, stry of which we have church. God help us lion of the ministry that .e are speaking : cross- tal to Christian and to t. So also it does the id. In the case of the Lord of life and glory it was just so when He received His commission to go upon His redemptive work. " Separate me the Lord Christ for the work where- unto I have called Hin;." was the Almighty thought. And the Lord Christ was thrust out of the glory to do heaven's missionary work among the siu- cursed. And in the doing of that work the principle of separation held good all the way through. From His kindred and friends His work bade him stand apart. From the first, " Wist ye not," and "Woman what have I to do with thee," indicate the separateness of His career. And when the end was ap- proaching He must leave the true hearts that loved him well, and walk along the sorrowful way alone. And when the end was come, " It is needful for you that I go away," points back again to the same principle. .Separation, even from the pre sence of the Sa\ iour, was wholesome discipline even for the embr^-o church. So with the disciples, you remember, " Bel. old 1 send you forth." So with the constituent members of the first church, "Go ye into all the world." And so, coming down to Antioch, with divine monotony the voice of God has the same old saying " .Separate." To some of the Antiochians that would seem to be bad policy indeed. " Union is strength" they would say. We need the pres- ence, the wealth, and the influence of every man right at home here. These are perilous times. Already the nick-name " Christian," is upon us, and there are rumors of those awful predictions of our Lord being speedily fulfilled. Con- solidation, net separation, is the true policy. "Separate," nevertheless, comes the command of God. But others would say, " If we must send off from our number let us not send Barnabas and .Saul. These are the brethren whom we esteem most highly. These are the greatest attraction of the Antiochian church. We can spare anybody rather than these." "Separate me Barnabas and Saul," nevertheless, said the divine voice. This was the last and test com- mand to the Antiochian Church. The command which was to demonstrate to the Lord whether or not the church was in a position to do the work for which it had been instituted. The church had capacity for receiving, had it capacity for giving also? It was resplendent with the best gifts from God. Could it shine with equal lustre in the giving up of its best gifts? Freely it had received, could it freely give ? Antioch proved equal to the test. " Separate " is the divine command to Canada as well as to Antioch. (jod wants elsewhere our wealth, our learning, our social position, our best thought, and our best men. It may be that our Canadian churches .are not attaching sufficient importance to the divine policy of separation. Per- haps some of us are so busy with coveting earnestly the best gifts, and strengthening the things that remain, that we have no time to give to the con- sideration of the divine intrusion into our peace " Separate." That's our blunder, and by so doing, we are damming up the channt.s through which our spiritual life should flow, and we are so far defective in organization. In the carrying out of the principle of separation when we think to ourselves that we are growing weak ihe.i indeed are we growing strong. III. Thirdly and briefly we have in the third verse a view of a church with its organization completed. " Then when they had fasted and prayed they laid their hands on them and sent them away." That is a wonderfully significant act, that laying on of hands. You know what it meant in individual cases. The impartation of the grace by which a man was surcharged. The father laying his hands on his son in blessing, foi example. It signified the out going of the father's heart upon the son. The laying on of hands, for example, in the impartation of extraordinary gifts. That with which the man was filled passed over upon the other. And similarly, the act of this church — for the word " they" refers to the church— signifies the impartation of the thought, the heart, the life of the church, that is Barnabas and Saul were charged as the representatives of this church to carry its ministry whithersoever the Lord willed. And with what re- ' 7 )T 42 THE BEGINNING OF THE AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION. suit ? Why this church of Antioch was enabled to form its vital connections with the dark rej^ions lying afar off, and thereby it established channels for its sympathy and activity; nerve centres, acquainting it with its responsibility and obligation ; electric stations, if you please, sending to its heart the Macedonian. cry from all 0\ er the region of darkness : From Selucia and Cyprus, and Salamis, and Paphos, and Perga, and Pisidia, .ind Iconium, and Lycaonia, and Lystra, and Derbe and Phrenicia, and Samaria, and time would fail to tell where else. Antioch had completed its organization. It could now touch the ends of the earth. It could now see afar off and hear. It could now be affected and responsive to the things which Ood intended should touch its heart. And so it became in the early days of Christianity one of God's greatest agencies in gospel work. Now from Antioch to Canada the lesson should come pointedly : com plete your organization churches of the living Ciod. Complete it by your in- tensified devotion to Jesus Christ and by your more practical attention to the demand of His Spirit for self-sacrifice. So do and you shall hear the de- mand for greater sacrifice still. So do and your outposts may be established in the ends of the earth, and your channels shall thus be formed wherein the agency of God, through ihe instrumentality of His church, can wing its way upon its saving mission. Notice the text speaks of the church doing this, not the individual, not the missionary society. It speaks of the individual church doing its own foreign missionary work. And we bring this exposition to a close with the thought more than ever deepened that in the mind of (iod church organization extends to the limit of church possibility, and that that possibility always in some fashion embraces separation to and representation in the regions beyond. I I i I THE BEGINNING OF THE AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION. llY Kkv. J. \V. A. Stewart, B. A. Ti^HE EEFERENCE of tliis paper is to the Foreign Mission Enterjirise of the American Baptists. Every student of Christian Missions knows that the immediate occasion of the organization of American Baptists for^this work was tlie news that came to them from India to the effect that Adouiram Judson had, during his voyage from America to Asia, changed his conviction as to the proper subjects and mode of Chri.stian Baptism and the (onstitutiou of a Christian i hurch, had been baptized in Calcutta, and was ready to engage in missionary work as the agent of American Baptists, It is evident, however, that the Baptists in America must have been all ready for such an organization and only awaited the occasion which should make mpuifest and throw into definite form the thoughts and the spirit which w re moving amongst them. If no moisture were held in suspense in the atmosphere, not even the setting of the sun and the sudden cooling of the earth's surface could cause dew to fall. If the missionary spirit had not already been abroad, not even the news about Judson's baptism and his offer ©f services could have so suddenly brought American Baptists together in Foreign Mission Enterprise. 1st. Let us trace the sources of this movement as it existed before it took an organized form. The primary source was here, as always, the Gospel of Christ itself and the working of the Holy Spirit. No external influences or worldly con- siderations would even, apart from the divine waking on the souls of men, ■' r-1 MISSION. s vital connections hed channels for ifs ts responsibility and :art the Macedonian, a and Cyprus, and ium, and Lycaonia, time would fail to tion. It could now nd hear. It could od intended should Christianity one of lie pointedly : com iiplete it by your in- cal attention to the shall hear the de- may be established formed wherein the ch, can winy its way hurch doing this, not the individual church ought more than ever xtends to the limit of me fashion embraces ST MISSION. m Mission Enter|irise istian Missions knows of American Baptists rom India to the effect erica to Asia, changed iri.stian Baptism and d in Calcutta, and was merican Baptists. It 3t have been all ready tt which should make and the spirit which Id in suspense in the sudden cooling of the ionary spirit had not baptism and his offer Baptists together in 1; as it existed before it rospel of Christ itself lences or worldly con- on the souls of men, THE BECINNlNf; OF THK AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION. 43 move them to missionary enterprise. Of missionary enterprise God Himself is the great primal source. Christianity, the gift to man of Chi-ist and of the Holy Spirit, is God's missionary enterprise. Christianity is saturated Tluough and through .'/ith the missionary spirit. You camiot pierce The human body with even the point of a \)\\\ without coming upon the blood, neithei- can you touch Christianity at any point without finding the spirit of missions. If Christ is in men . inevitably their thoughts and longings must go forth to their fellows. --lam debtor both to Greeks and to Barbarians, both to the wise and to the foolish." is the voice of Christ, as He finds His home within a human i)ersonality and biings that iieronality under His sway. 80 the original source of this movement amongst Ameri- can Baptists was the fact that they were Christians, and that in them the Spirit of Christ was making itself heard. But let us come now to the secondary sources and outward signs of this movement. On October ^nd. 1792. what is now called the Baptist ^Missionary Society was organized at Kettering ; in June, 1793, Carey sailed for India. Twenty years after this, or on February 1!». 1812. Judson sailed from America. AVhether we are to regard the thought of Foreign Missions as having s])riuig up sjiontaneously in America, or as having been transplant- ed from England. I cannot confidently athrm. It is the same Holy Spirit who is everywhere in the church, and when He is working in a certain way in one iiart of the church He is very likely to be working in the same way in other parts, so that in different minds far removed from one another the same thoughts md pur])Oses may sjiring uji as if spontaneously. But if the movement was sjiontaiieous in America, at any rate U was much in- tluenced and encouraged by the English example. The Kev. Wm. Staughton, a Baptist minister, born at Coventry. Eng- land and educated at Bristol, was present at the formation of the society at Kettering, in 1792. The following year he emigrated to America, and after laboring in several different places, he became, in 1805, pastor of the First Baptist cluirch. Philadelphia, and afterward of the Samson St. church in the same city. He was a man of marked ability and great influence, and it was impossible, after having witnessed what he did at Kettering, for him to come to America without bringing with him and scattering in his adopted country a few seeds of missionary thought and spirit. Moreover, after settliug in America he maintained a correspondence with Fidler, Ryland and other friends of the English society, and we may be sure that they kept him stin-ed uj) about Foreign Missions, and that he in turn imparted the inspiration to his brethren in America. Again, it will be remembered that in the early years of the English effort, the missionaries were prohibited from sailing on the East India Company's vessels. The consequence was that several of them had first to sail to America, and then to embark on Ameircan ships for the East. Was it possible for them to land upon the American shore and not scatter a little of the good seed before they sailed from it ? The house of the Rev. Doctor Staughton was always open to them during their sojourn as were the homes of others. ' 'Doctor Wm. R. Williams, of New York city, then a boy, remembered that some of those missionaries stayed at the parsonage of the Oliver St. Baptist church, of which hi;, father, the Rev. John Williams, was pastor." •• And," says Doctor Francis Wayland, ''I well remember in my boj'hood. the temporary residence of such missionaries in New York, and the deep interest which their i^resence occasioned in all the churches in that city. As a natural consequence of these things. Baptists in America became interested in the work of Carey and his co-laborers, and became contribu- 44 THE I!E(.IXNIX<; OK THK AMtKIlAX liAI'IlST MISSION. Tors to the J'k'rain|X)i-e ^lissiou. just as Canadian Baptists used to (•ontributc TO the A. B. M. U. Rolieit Ralston, of Pliihidelpliia. was made the ahnonei of these American contributions and (hniiiy; tlie years 180(5 and 1S07 lie remittal to India altout $ th.> whole relijrious worM of every denomination. TO favor The work in which we are enjjajred and to contribuTe jiecuniary as- sistance to a large amount. Our American friends have a sjiecial claim upon oiu- gratitude in this i-esiXM"T." Nor are TheCliristian women to In- left out of this account. 'As early as ISOl Female Mite Societies and Cent Societies Ijegan to Ije organized in the pvincipal American towns. In many distances the incomes of these societies were devoteSI(».\. |iisocl to coutiibiitc was made tin- !«• years 180(i and [ii KiiRlisli Baptist who sailed from follected for tin- llie Slim of $5000. Tork: -Tlie Lord J'ory (k'liomiiiatiou. Ibute |)eciiniary as- |s|»efial claim ii|)oii Icoiint. -'As early o Ije organized in incomes of these ill. -The Ma.".sa- ?." Ir was chiefly 1 Missionary work Maf>;azine. and in tters from Carey. .u:ence fiom India. infis all read.\- foi ay of helping; their a body, but as Foreign Mi.ssions. nJv to brinp: them and to niiike them lin the province of ng, education and ological student at ssions. Soon after tions. They came r society and where k near the college > the famous Hay- es to the work of ire Hills, writes Dr. ican Foreign Mis- efinite action. On jf. Moses Stewart, ing the Congrega- 7, i8io. The im- F. M., for the pur- iting measures, for ety which has had torrs is the greatly d a half, during irs of the London company with his ell, embarking at the agent of the Dry as to how his ittempt the forma- THK HECINNIX*; Ol THE AMKRICAN IIAI'ITST MISSION. 45 tion of Christian churches amongst the heathen ; how should these churches be constituted ? "Again," to quote the words of his son, " Mr. Judson expect- ed to meet in India the eminent English Baptist Missionaries, Carey, Marsh- man, and VVard. Controversy might possibly arise between himself and them, lie thought u best, while he was on the ocean, to arm himself before hand for the encounter with these formidable champions, in order successfully to main- tain the I'edo- Baptist position. The result of his searching investigation was the conclusion reluctantly formed, that he was wrong and that the Baptists were right." It is not easy for us to realize what it cost him to yield to this conviction. But yield he did, and his wife yielded with him, and after arriv- ing in India, and being warmly welcomed by the Serampore band, they were baptized -in Calcutta, by Mr. Ward, September 6. 1812. Of course Judson wrote at once to the American Board announcing his change of denomination- al convictions ; and at the same time he wrote to Rev . Dr. Baldwin, a promin- ent Baptist minister of Boston, to whom, he said, * should there b° formed a Baptist Society for the support of a mission in these parts, I shall be ready to consider myself their missionary." We have already seen that the American Baptists were not entirely unprepared to respond to such an appeal as this. The missionary spirit was abroad here and theie amongst them, and signs of its presence were not wanting, ^'et it would be an error to exaggerate either their strength or their preparedness for such work at that time. "In 1812," writes Dr. Ed. Judson, "the Baptists of America were a scattered and feeble folk, and lacked solidarity. There was little or no denominational spirit. The summons to the foreign field shook them together. .\ glass of water may be slowly reduced in temperature even to a point one or two degrees below freez- ing, and yet remain uncongealed, provided it be kept perfectly rpotionless. If then it is slightly jarred it will suddenly turn into ice. The Baptist denomina- tion of America was in Just such a state of suspense. It needed to be jarred and shaken into solid and enduring form. Mr. Judson's words : 'Should there be formed a Baptist Society for the support of a mission in these parts, I should be ready to consider myself their missionary,' proved to be the crystal- izing touch." Such then were the sources of the beginning of the Foreign Mission Enterprise on the part of American Baptists. 2nd. W'e ^ome now to the consideration of the organtztifio/i of the movement. To clear the way for this another name must here be brought for- ward and some account given of its owner. One of the young men who form- ed that little missionary society at Williams College which used to meet under a haystack, and who went thence to Andover and became associated with Judson, was Luther Rice. He set sail for India, by appointment of the Ameri- can Board, from Philadelphia, the day before Judson sailed trom Salem. Strange to tell, he also experienced a change in his convictions, and not long after the baptism of the Judsons, he too, was baptized by Mr. Ward. We can well believe that when the tidings reached America that Mr. and Mrs. Judson and Mr. Rice had been immersed at Calcutta, the Baptists throughout the whole land were thrilled with a glad surprise. Cod had suddenly placed at the disposal of the Baptist denomination three fully equipped missionaries. They were already on the field, and action must be prompt. As soon as Dr. Baldwin, of Boston, received Mr. fudson's letter announcing his denominational change, he invited a number of leading Baptist ministers of Massachusetts to meet at his house for deliberation. These formed " The Baptist Society for propogating the Gospel in India and other Foreign Parts," and at once wrote to Judson assuring him that the American churches would assume his support as their missionary. The society formed was not national, but local. Mean- while Mr. Rice vas on his way back to America to preach a missionary crusade. He arrived in September, 18 14, and, after conference with the newly organized society in Loston, he was requested to go through the land, to visit associations, to organize local societies, and in every way to rouse the Baptists to a sense of ^i I iM 46 IHi; HKGINNINC. OF THF-: AMERICAN BAPTIST MISSION. their opportunity and responsibility. He travelled north and south on this mission and everywhere evoked great enthusiasm. It was soon resolved to form ,1 National Society. May 18, 1814, was fixed upon as the date ror meeting and Philadelphia as the place. Delegates were appointed in eleven states and in the District of Columbia. Of the thirty-six appointed thirty-three came to- gether. Stromg men wete there, men competent to take the lead in such an undertaking. Baldwin, Bolles, Gano, Williams, Staughton, Jones, Brown, Rice, .Semple, Furman, Tallmage, Johnson and others with them. It may be inter- esting to notice that of these thirty-three delegates seven were Englishmen by birth, three Welshmen and one a Nova .Scotian. The meeting reminds us of that meeting in Antioch at which Paul and Barnabas were separated for the work unto which the Holy Ghost had called them, and of those meetings in England at which the Pjaptist .Missionary Union was formed. The American Baptist Missionary Union was born and cradled amid preaching and prayer, and so'^-nn consecration. Over the steps, one by one, by which our American brethren became organized I must not detain you. On the fourth day of the meeting, May 21, 1814, a constitution was adopted, "the first bond of a general organic union of Baptists on this continent for the prosecution of I'oreign Missions." The name adopted was, " The General Mission Convention of the Baptist Denommation in the United .States of America, for P'oreign Missions." "The second article orovided that the Convention should meet once in three years, and thence it came to be popularly known as ^T/n- Trie7inial Com upon the pastor should quicken ip, standing at to its very ex- the conversion tends to induce t afford to miss means of con- )m it. Missions le resultant of e cross. ssibilities in our schools. Last le foreign field, they will do it if we are true to- will bring men of poets, mis- irkshops where it has not had issionized life of ich mitacles of MEETINGS. hurch ; it is not or it is nothing, acquaintances art, music, and The mission- 3ple's Society — :ause the young they are in the NATIONS. r looking back- with simply in •leteness a brief mt years I find onary Societies lad basis. collecting old iked upon as so much rubbish, when housecleaning time came round. Now when this paper was to be written, the suggestion came, that perhaps there might be something interesting on this subject in some of those unattractive looking old magazines. What was my surprise to find Woman's Missionary Societies in America dating back to 1800 ! I find in the Massachusetts Missionary Magazine (Congregational) for 1804 the following : " To the friends of religion. A single cent, where mil- lions ^re necessary to carry into effect the benevolent design of our fathers and brethren who are engaged in sending the Gospe' to lands unenlightened with its genial rays, may appear at first view small and inconsiderable. Bat should the friends of Zion adopt the plan of contributing only one cent a week, and recommend the same practice to their friends and connections, it is pre- sumed a very handsome sum may be annually collected without inconvenience to individuals. Mrs. John Simpkins requests tho^e who are disposed to en- courage this work, to send in their names with their money quarterly, or as shall be most agreeable to them, and she will engage to deposit it with the Treasurer of the Massachusetts Missionary Society." Then follows this editorial: "This Cent Institution promises to be very productive. Though only of about two years' standing, it has already brought to the aid of the gen- eral design of the Missionary Society nearly eight hundred dollars. "As the knowledge of it extends, the number of subscribers to it increases. It is a female institution, laudable in its design and simple in its principles, and as such it is ardently recommended to general patronage and attention. Our sisters in town and country will gladly embrace an opportunity to contritute in so easy and eligible a way to the salvation of immortal souls and the advance- ment of their Redeemer's kingdom." The Treasurer's receipts for 1804 show contributions from companies of ladies in twenty-seven different churches. The Society was then two years old. The London Evangelical Magazine for 1806 has a reference to this Bos- ton Female Cent Institution, as it was called, in which it describes the plan and purpose of the Society, and earnestly commends it to the women of Britain. It says : " Were such a method adopted in England, among the female mem- bers of all religious congregations, and devoted by a committee of each Society to the missionary cause, what a vast sum might be accumulated without incon- venience to individuals." The first Woman's Missionary Society of which I find any record is the the Boston Female Society for Missionary Purposes. This Society was formed in 1800, and was started with fourteen members, partly Baptist and partly Congregational. The first few years, the money was all sent to the treasury of the Congregational Missionary Society. This was before there was a Baptist Missionary Society in America, and our Baptist sisters connecfui with this union society, were contributing their money to the Congregational Society at the time that Adoniram Judson and Luther Rice, the first foreign missionaries from America, were sent out. So their contributions helped to equip and send out these missionaries who became Baptists on their way out to India. After a Baptist Missionary Society was formed in 1814, these Baptist and Congregational sisters continued to meet together monthly for reading, prayer, and to conduct the business,of the society, it having been agreed tha: the subscriptions of each member should go to her own denomination. The Treasurer's reports show receipts from various local Societies call- ing themselves Mite Socities, Female Foreign Missionary Societies, Female Cent Societies, Cent Institutions, etc. It is an interesting fact that since the very beginning of the Foreign Mission movement in America, woman has shown herself ready to work. S6 THE LOCAL CHURCH'S FOREIGN MISSION WORK. ■I^' f^- ' give and pray for the cause. But the moveniem among the women was not extensive. For years it was confined mostly to the New England States and a few local societies in South Carolina. It was not till about twenty-three years ago that there seemed to be a gfreat awakening of women. Beginning with 1869 there followed the most extensive and rapid organization of the activities of Christian woman that history records. This organization meant the constituting of boards of management, with power not only to extend the in- terest at home and raise funds, but also to choose specific work abroad, to seek out and appoint missionaries, subject to the approval of the General Boards. Thus you see that by this latter method of organization, the women have far more responsibility resting upon them; and we doubt not it is largely due to this fact that their organizations have grown to the state of power and efficiency of the present time. Twenty-three years ago there were only about two of these general organizations for women in America ; now there are about forty-three, with 25,000 auxiliaries or local societies, and an annual income of about $2,000,000. I shall bring before you this afternoon, the testimony of men who hive been prominently connected with the foreign mission work, as serving a two- fold purpose . First, as showing hoiv the woik of foreign missions is promoted through the Woniaiis Foreign Missionary Societies ; and secondly, this testimony should carry with it convincing proof as to the efficiency of these societies, such as words of mine could not. Rev. Dr. Gracey, editor of the International Department of the Mission- ary Reviciu, says : "Their achievements have become the characteristic fea- ture of the missionary work of the last quarter century." Rev. W. S. Swanson, missionary in China, in an address before the Centennary Conference, London, said : "This work lies back of all missionary work. It' we get the mothers and wives, the daughters of the country, we have got the men." Rev. W. S. Langford, Secretary of the Episcopal Church Societies of the United States., said at the I ondon Conference, " I beg to assure you that the women more than the men of America are alive to the importance of the great opportunity which is before the church of Christ to-day. There is no Board of Missions connected with any of the churches which has not its Woman's Auxiliary in one or another state of advancement, and some are pushing to the very front." Rev. Dr. Ellinwood, of New York, says : " It may be said that woman's missionary work does not utilize all of the latent and moral power of Christian womanhood in the church. This is indeed too true, but this is its ideal and aim ; and in no other one enterprise has so large a portion of its member- ship, male or female, been enlisted as in woman's missionary work. We have observed the growth and operations of Woman's Foreign Missionary Societies for the last twenty years, and have been more and more impressed by their stability in organization and advance in efficiency and power. In all Protes- tant churches the impulse is one and universal. Suspicious doubts and fears which conservative men entertained at the outset have disappeared. No de- nomination would think of dispensing with this potent auxiliary force. It were difficult to say whether its success abroad, great as it is, or its reflex power at home has been the greater." Dr. Richard Storrs said in a recent address. " The introduction of the feminine life and heart into this missionary work brings in the force that fires and intensifies its onward progress. This intensity of purpose in woman does not work only in the direction of filling up treasuries, but it consecrates men and women to the cause of God. * * * The promises to women are vital of celestial blessing which gives to them the powers that men sometimes lack. It is a woma pages of boo Says "Over one Woman's B( of raising m work. The missionary well as in habit of reg of the spirit have done the treasury increase of of our god hearts.' I'rof. Canadian 1" London Co sionary Soc its personal our Canadi blessing at Dr. Union of {^ eight years the birth of of our chui cord this ( missions in portant or// They did n fully of us, work abroa culture in ' has been m their organ our treasur "I c mitted to h by them." Dr. past centui a much mi up the chi in which a say, " I w sionary ad a spark of my parocl as the CO slightest i will cure Woman's by srme volut^oniz( 3RK. e women was not gland States and a twenty-three years Be^Mnning with )n of the activities zation meant the y to extend the in- )rk abroad, to seek General Boards. >men have far more ely due to this fact id efficiency of the bout two of these about forty-three, income of about of men who h ive as serving a t se- ssions is promoted ind secondly, this ;fficiency of these sntof tlie Mission- characteristic fea- THE LOCAL CHURCH'S FOREIGN MISSION WORK, 57 Idress before the of all missionary country, we f the lurch Societies of o assure you that mportance of the lay. There is no 'hich has not its nt, and some are said that woman's lower of Christian is is its ideal and n of its member- vyork. We have 5sionary Societies npressed by their In all Protes- doubts and fears peared. No de- iry force. It were > reflex power at itroduction of the e force that fires e in woman does consecrates men women are vital sometimes lack. It is a woman's hand that is scattering subtle poison through the delicate pages of books such as Robert Elsmere, and in many other ways." Says the eJitor of the Foreign Mission Journal (Southern Baptist) : " Over one fifth of the total receipts of the Board for the year is from the Woman's Board. But important as is the work of these societies in the matter of raising money, this we are persuaded is not the most important part of their work. The dissemination of missionary information, the constant agitation of missionary subjects in society meetings, and in the home and social circle as well as in their missionary papers, the training of the old and young in the habit of regular and frequent giving of littles to the Lord's work, the cultivation of the spirit of pniyer for missions, in these and many other ways these societies iiave done and are doing a work more important even than the putting into the treasury of the Board the handsome sum mentioned. How much of the increase of missionary zeal and efficiency of our churches is due to this activity of our godly women none can know, save Him who knows the secrets of all hearts." I'rof. McLaren, of Knox College, who has been connected with the Canadian Presbyterian Society for twenty years, said in his speech before the London Conference, "That the reflex influence of the Woman's Foreign Mis- sionary Society, its monthly meetings, its diffiision of missionary intelligence, its personal encouragemenr in missionary eftbrt, the effect of this throughout our Canadian churches brxs been very manifest. We have received an immense blessing at home." Dr. Murdock, who has l)een connected with the Baptist Missionary Union of America for more than thirty-four years, and secretary for twenty- eight years, says in his address before the Convention last May, '' I have seen the birth of that wonderful movement which brought the Christian womanhood of our churches into organization in the service of missions. I take you to re- cord this day, that of all the events which have marked the progress of our missions in the time under review (25 years) there has been nothing more im- portant or hope/u I ihan the formation of the Woman's Foreign M issionarySocieties. They did not go out from us, I)ut have become only more perfectly and help- fully of us, by means of their banded power. Their influence on the missionary work abroad has been highly prosperous while in the department of missionary culture in this country, and in the increase of missionary funds, their agency has been most beneficient. Their contributions to the work of the Union since their organization have exceeded $1,000,000. During the last year they paid into our treasury $127,690. "I count it the supreme joy and lionor of my life that I have been per- mitted to have a place in these stupendous moxenients and to be borne onward by them." Dr. Clarke says, " Looking back on the past and its record during the past century of glorious work, opportunities and possibilities, woman is to bear a much more important part in that work than she has done, by way of stirring up the churches, in kindling enthusiasm, in gathering information, in the way in which a woman alone can do it in these busy times." Dr. Clarke goes on to say, " I was in the parish of one of our Rectors, in New York, giving a mis- sionary address, and he said to me, 'it is a lamentable fact, but I cannot awaken a sparic of missionary enthusiasm m this parish. The people are interested in all my parochial work, in my Sunday School, in my parish school, etc., but so far as the country at large is concerned, and the great outside, I cannot get the slightest interest in it, what shall I do?' I said to him, 'there is one thing that will cure all- that : go and get some women who have been connected with our Woman's Foreign Missior-.^ry Society, put them into your parish, bring here by srme means or other, some woman who is thoroughly alive and she will re- volutvonize your parish.' Our pastors are too busy, the machinery of parish .8 CANADIAN BArTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. m If 11 I life tr multiform, and to exjiect a pastor to arouse all the missionary enthusiasm is altogether too much, it t's not done, it cannot be done." He proceeds to say: " If we wish the churches to become interested in and pray for a particular ob- ject we work ii through the women's society. The women pray with us, and -f wt send for the women you may be sure the church will be awakened to prayer for the missionary work, i do believe that in fut-irc the women are to be^r the most important part in carrying on the work of the Kingdom of our Lord Jesus.'' kn conclusion I would have the Woman's Missionary Society keep in close touch and sympathy with the parent society of which it is auxiliary, help- ing in every way possible to promote the general interest of foreign missions. To the end of promoting this bond of unity, our own General Board has taken a step in advance and has two representatives from the Woman's Board meet with the executive monthly. It is a matter of great satisfaction that so close a re- lation does exist betwen our Boards. Brethren of the Board, I would suggest that you do more frequently avail yourselves of the help which your auxiliary is ever neady to give in the furtherance of your schemes, for the advancement of Christ's Kingdom among the heathen. In the same wi»_, I would have the Circle or Local Society, keep in close touch and vital relation with the church of which it is a part. I would have it in all Circles as it is in some that ! know. It is in these monthly Circle meet- ings that we feel the pulse-beat of the church's life, in that every interest of the church is brought before the throne in prayer. These Circle meetings are training schools in which the women of the church study and learn about the great outside world, its needs and what is being done to give the gospel to the perishing, till their hearts become enkindled with love for the Master and for perishing souls. Here the woman of the Mission Circle is drawn out to take some part in prayer or otherwise ; forgetting the fear she h.ad of the sound of her own voice in religious meetings she thereby becomes fitted and pre- pared to become a helper in the missionary prayer meeting of the church. She also becomes an efficient heljier in training the young people of the church, through the Young People's Society, the Mission Band a. id the Sunday School. Here again I would make a 3uggestion; Pastors, make use of the willing helpers at your hand in the Mission Circle. Give them your sympathy and as their help, invite them to report at the annual church meetint/ It rests as n.'ich upo;. the pastor as upon the women 'o make the Circle the ePicient he-p which it should be in promoting the i-iterest of missions in the local church. CANADIAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. Rev. J. L. Campuell, B. A., New York. I AM TO speak to you to-night on th^' Kistory of the society under whose auspices we have met. I take it that i am expected to address you especial- _i ly on its earlier histor)', and if the persona! element comes in much more prominently than I could desire, it is because during the seven years in which I had the honor to be its second secretary, (associated part of the time with my good brother Coutts; the society passed through some of the most im- portant transitions that took place in its histoiy, and Secaure I v.ish, as far as possible to avoid repeating what every on»" Were alitady knows so fully in regard to this work. Reference has already been made to the fact that on the 31st of May next there wi'l be just ore hundred years since William Carey preached hi? fa'nj"j sermon at the Association in Ncttingham from Is'.ah 54 : 2nd and 3rd verses, gathering up the spirit of his text in the tv.o memorable divisions, "Ex- pect great thi resolution was gating the Go: resolution was the society was At your history of yout auspiciously a throughout the to any one bet was founded Both were orj dwelling. I" an inextinguie presence mad sixty-thee do! seven dollars. ing; there wer of the conin.it Mackie on tht R. A. Fyfc, T. Alexander. which was ad ly constituted There The general Missions ; th missionaries : and associati ringing influt man who wa< the Judson J geneial grow churches wei undefined, w known that < and must nc ville was "n But it was n( in its charac tral educati( They carriei brought up. in revivals, others prid< them ; som£ shade of op gling upwar was watrhti launching o opinion. The to beai- ♦he * "Th prise were R Warren. $8 •, page 56. le )CIETY, isionary enthusiasm ie proceeds to say: for a particular ob- pray with us, and II be awakened to the women are to Kingdom of our CANADIAN BAPTIST FOREI'JN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. 59 ry Society keep in is auxiliary, help- f foreign missions. Board has taken a ti's Board meet with that so close a re- rd, I would suggest hich your auxiliary r the advancement ciety, keep in close t. I would have it )nthly Circle meet- ;yery interest of the ircle meetings are nd learn about the e the gospel to the he Master and for drawn out to take ad of the sound of es fitted and pre- •f the church. She pie of the church, the Sunday School, the willing helpers pathy and as their rests as rr,Mch upof. ient hcip which it church. SOCIETY. ciety under whose dress you especial- les in much more he seven years in 1 part of the time le oi the most im- J^.e I v.'ish, as far cnows so fully in the 3fst of Mav irey preached his 54 •• 2nd and 3rd !e divi.cions, " Ex- pect great things from God ; attempt great things for God." At its close a resolution was passed looking to the formation of a " Baptist Society for propa- gating the Gospel to the heathen." On the 2nd of the following October the resolution was acted upon, when a number of brethren met ip Kettering and the society was duly organized. At your last convention, you completed the first twcaty-five years in the history of your society. Your second division of twenty-five years is beginning auspiciously amid these Carey Centennial celebrations of our denomination throughout the world. There are striking coincidences too, which will occur to any one between the beginning of the English society and yours. Theirs, was founded in the village of Kettering : yours, in the village of Beamsviile. Both were organized in the month of October ; both were formed in a private dwelling. In the case of both, there was a man called of God raised up with an ine.vtinguishable desire to go and preach Jesus to the heathen and whose presence made organization necessary. Their first contribution amounted to sixty-thee dollars and a half (/13, 2s. 6d.) ; your first contribution was thirty- seven dollars.* There were twelve men who met in the back parlor at Ketter- ing; there were lmx men who met in the parsonage at Beamsviile. The names of the comn.ittee of six who met Dr. Murdock in the study of the Rev. James Mackie on the forenoon of that notabLi i8th of October, 1866, were brethren R. A. Fyfc, T. F. Caldicott, K. Lloyd, D. McPhail, Wilham Stewart and John Alexander. The following day they presented a report to the convention which was adopted, when officers were appointed and the society was regular- ly constituted. There v.-ere many causes which led to the formation of the society. The general waking ud of the religious world to the importance of Foreign Missions ; the influence of missionary literature, io which both your pioneer missionaries acknowledge theii indebtedness; the occasional visits to churches and associations of the agents of the American Baptist Mission Union ; the ringing influence of a few noble pastors ; the personal influence of the great man who was at the head of the educational institution ; the power exerted by the Judson Missionary Society among the young men in the old C. L. I. ; the geneial growing conviction that something more ought to be done than the churches were doing; all these and many other causes more or less misty and undefined, were suddenly condensed as by an electric shock when it became known that one of the sons of our own Alma Mater had heard the divine call and must not disobey. Dr. Murdock writes me that the meeting at Beams- viile was "memorable for eaippsmess of spirit and perfect unity of council." But it was not so everywhere. Our denoinination was then very miscellaneous in its character. There had been the lack of the unifying influence of a cen- tral educational institution. Many of the ministers had come from abroad. They carried with them the peculiarities of the countries where they had been brought up. Some were Armenian and some were Calvanistic ; some believed in revivals, oihers opposed them ; some favored an educated ministry, and others prided themselves that they had no taint of college " larnin " about them ; some were open i.v mmunion and others close, and we had almost every shade of opinion between. The Home Missionary Society was bravely strug- gling upward amid much criticism. The founding of the school at Woodstock was watrheo .vith grave misgivings. It was therefore inevitable that the launching of a Foreign Missionary Society should give rise to much diversity of opinion. T'he firsl man, the one who leads the way, is always the person who has to bear ♦he brunt, ll was pre-emmently so with our dear brother Timpany. * "The fir?t six parties wiio paid toward the support of the new Koreign Mission enter- prise were Ke%. Dr. R. A. Fyfe, |S;Rev, John Hates. #6; Rev. VV. Forsyth, I5 ; Rev. Dr. \Varren. ?8; Rev. E. A. Kitchen, l5 ; Rev. T. Booker, $5."— .Scrap Boolv by T. S. Slienston. page 56. 6o CANADIAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. CA^ *' I I I It has been easy, comparatively, for others to go since his brave arm blazed out the pathway through the trackless forps". Amid difficulties personal, amid trials local, teaching school and preaching at the same time to pay his way, yet carried on with an enthusiasm that nothing could cjuench ; ha\ing the courage of a hero and the aeal of a martyr, he pushed his way upward and swept everything before him. Come with me to the convention held in Ingersoll in October, 1867, when he and his young wife were designated for the foreign field. It was the romance of missions then, but it was the peril of missions, too. There was no Suez Canal ; the Atlantic cable was yet a new thing ; Asia was vastly farther away then than now. Missionaries had to sail around Africa and it took Tim- pany and his wife nearly six months to reach Madras. Seven weeks longer than it took Judson to reach Cal':utta in 18 12. Our missionaries, too, were go- ing among a strange people, the very spelling of whose name was yet in doubt. Who could tell what bonds and afflictions were in store for them or whether we should ever see their faces again ? It is Thursday evening, October 17th. The church edifice, in Ingersoll, is packed to the door. Dr. Caldicott is in the chair. The first annual report of the society is read by Rev. Wm. Stewart, its first secretary. Dr. Murdock speaks grandly for an hour, but the interest centres on Timpany and when he rises the tension is almost painful in its in- tensity. And what an address ! The pent up emotions of years, the strug- gles and consecration which led to that hour, the rending of every tie which bound him to home and college and native lafid, seemed to find utterance in those words of impassioned fervor. Men's hearts were thrilled and thrilled. The audience is swayed like a field of ripened wheat before a summer breeze. Dr. Davidson is at his very best as he pledges to the young missionaries the love and loyal support of the denomination. Father Bates fjrays and he is the most cheerful man in the house. Hut more is wanted. The atmosphere is sur- charged. And the electric spark is furnished when the secretary annouces that a little over fifty dollars is needed yet to complete the missionary outfit. Then followed a scene which is wholly indiscribable. Men sprang to their feet all over the house. Contributions of $25, $10, $5, and $1 came pouring in faster than the secretary could take down the amounts. They emptied their pocket-books ; the^ pledged on behalf of themselves, their churches, their wives and their children. What mattered it that the amount asked for was far exceeded ? The giving went on all the same. What mattered it that Dr. Murdoc'c was put up to speak ? The giving broke out anew the instant he v.as done. What mattered it that they were asked to desist ? They would not desist ; they would not break up. Ministers that had been estranged and had passed each other for years without token of recognition met in the church aisles and fell on each other's necks and wept and then turned and publicly confessed their wrong and went about arm in arm like brothers after that. Good old Dr. CaldicHt rose and repeated the stanza of the hymn, — "My willing soul would stay In such a frame as this And sit and sing herself away To everlasting bliss." It was after midnight before the audience could b** persuaded to disperse. Next morning brethren came and asked yet to be allowed to give. The parting delegates walked about as If under the influence of a Divine spell. They spoke in low tones and there was no levity or merriment anywhere. I was, at the time, a student in Woodstock and had come up with many of the other students to be at these designation services. At the Railway Station the next morning Dr. Fyfe laid his kindly hand upon my shoulder and said, — "My young brother, if your life is spared, you may see great meetings but you will never again see such a meeting as that," and I never shall. It was a day of Pentec tion. It was the the glow of th{ composed were whole body was The futu important sense be-forgotten nift "Ciive m man poet. Th condition of tb< ness, and in it; divisions vanisl nomination aro ed prosperity. In the 1 saintly Currie, keeping vigil o As Webster s Judson, so als Ingersoll been have been wc noble purpose. now pursuing my church, is foreign field. portion of his With b impulsive in h ly before the p opens natural man for the fi pose and will m Alexander evening the r brother Timp brother here the destitute to go out and had come. 1 to meet the > thought. M< with tears, meeting, the He to go th dwell, to be on the Ongc north to Coc to be the ch feet of Jesus that he may The other c gathering ol with Bro. A went down SOCIETY. lis brave arm blazed culties personal, amid time to pay his way, tjuench ; ha\ing the his way upward and oil in October, 1867 ign field. It was the too. There was no la was vastly farther frica and it took Tim- Seven weeks longer ^onaries, too, werego- \me was yet in doubt, for them or whether ening, October 17th. Ih: Caldicott is in the ^ev. Wm. .Stewart, its (Hir, but the interest lost painful in its in- 5 of years, the strut- s' of every tie which i to find utterance in thrilled and thrilled, ore a summer breeze, ling missionaries the ;S H'ays and he is the he atmosphere is sur- secretary annouces he missionary outfit, n sprang to their feet $1 came pouring in They emptied their heir churches, their lount asked for was mattered it that Dr. anew the instant he St? They would not n estranged and had » met in the church urned and publicly brothers after that, le hymn,— rsuaded to disperse, give. The parting »ivine spell. They ywhere. :ome up with many '. At the Railway n my shoulder and see great meetings ever shall. It was CANADIAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. 61 a day of Pentecost when the Holy Spirit was poured out upon our denomina- tion. It was the seal of Divine approval stamped upon this blessed work. In the glow of that farewell meeting, the different elements of which we were composed were melted and welded into a unity. It marked an epoch. The whole body was at once lifted up to a higher plane. The future historian of our denomination, if he writes truly, will in an important sense, date the real beginning of its true history from that never-to- be-forgotten ni^ht. "Give me a gieat thought that I may live upon it" exclaimed the Gor- man poet. The "great thought" given to our brethren on that day was tlie condition of the vast continents beyond the seas yet perishing in heathen dark- ness, and m its appalling magnitude, lesser thoughts died out, discords and divisions vanished, reflex waves of blessing swept over the land, and the de- nomination arose in conscious strength and entered on an era of unprecedent- ed prosperity. In the little cemetery at Cocanada where sleep also the ashes of the saintly Currie, the grave of Timoany lies to-night with the silent stars of God keeping vigil over it and the waves of the Hay of Bengal chanting his requiem. As Webster said of Washington ; as Theodore Parker said of Adoniram Judson, so also may we say substantially of Timpany. Had that meeting in Ingersoll been all that was accomplished through his devoted life, it would have been worthy of all its sacrifice and toils and he would have lived to a noble purpose. You will be interested I know in learning that his only son, now pursuing a course of medical studies in New York City, and a member of my church, is alreadv under appointment of the Missionary Union, for the foreign field. May the mantle of the father rest upon the son, and a double portion of his spirit be given to him. With brother McLaurin it was somewhat different. Less ardent and impulsive in his make up than brother Timpany, he hesitated long and anxious- ly before the path of duty became clear. At last he came to this : " If the way opens naturally without any solicitation of mine ; should they want another man for the field and ask for him, I shall take it as an indication of God's pur- pose and will accept.'" The occasion soon came. In 1868 the Convention met m Alexander street Baptist church, Toronto. At the platform meeting in the evening the representative of the Missioary Union spoke in warmest terms of brother Timpany, and then turned and asked if there was not another young brother here into whose heart (iod had put it to go, and pleaded earnestly for the destitute fields among the Telugus that were perishing for lack of reapers to go out and bind the golden sheaves, it was enough. The sought for token had come. Brother McLaurin glanced quickly across the crowded audience to meet the eyes of his watching seminary classmate, who already read his thought. McLaurin nodded assent and instantly the eyes of both were filled with tears. When they unclasped hands and parted that night after the groat meeting, they knew that their pathways were to lead in different directions. He to go the consecrated herald of merry and truth far in heathen lands 10 dwell, to be chosen of God to perform so important a part in the great revi al on the Ongole field, while Dr. Clough was on a visit to this country ; to >^u north to Cocanado and cleave out of the darkness a new, independent Mission; to be the chosen instrument in leading thousands of India's dusky sons to the feet of Jesus ; to leave your shores the other day amid universal benedictions that he may spend the remainder of a noble life among the hills of Bangalore. The other classmate's pathway led to humbler service and lesser toils and the gathering of fewer heads of ripened wheat from fields at home. In company with Bro. A. P. McDiarmid, of Brooklyn, and my young Brother Timpany, I went down last November to Boston to bid good-bye to Brother McLaurin ll: ' 11 :i 1^ 6t CANADIAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. and his devoted wife. I assure you he is as much appreciated at the Rooms there as here by you. At the farewell meeting of missionaries which was held, Dr. Murdock spoke of a letter he once received from Father Bates written " in a strain of holy exultation " over the fact that he was so favored as to have his two only daughters go to the foreign field. What a princely man John Bates was ! He and I were appointed by the Board to go to Montreal and address the first Foreign Missionary platform held in connection with the Eastern Convention. Next morning I received at my home in Chatham, a thoroughly characteristic letter from him which 1 have never forgotten. " Brother Campbell," said he, " we are going to Montreal next month: let us makf thorough preparation ; no apologies or excuses after we get there, it is for the Master's cause." This letter was the best lesson on Homeletics I ever received. When we arrived in the city, he was far from well and I remained closely with him Just before leaving the house to go down to the meeting, we knelt in our r»rs to your blessed work throughout my native land ; mine to the great city where It is my honor and joy to labor for Christ and to the country of my adop- tion where God in His I'rovidence has called me. Suffer me to say this much. We have heard in these delightful meetings of what Baptists are doing in other lands, and our heatts have been stirred with the story. I honor the Baptists of Great Britain for their noble history and their imperishable work. My heart warms with gratitude and my life is stimulated over the rapid growth and the limitless possibilities and the ever brightening future before our de- nomination in the United States. But take them for all in all, in proportion to their number, their wealth, their opportunity, I am aware of no people who are doing a better work, and the world over I recognize no prouder name than that of Canadian Baptist. 66 CANADIAN BAPTIST FOREIGN MISSIONARY SOCIETY. We are living in a wonderful age. I am a pessimist neither in philoso- phy nor in religion. Never did Christianity look up upon a bluer sky or out upon a brighter prr.spe-^t thf.n she does to-day. The past thirty years have been probably the most wonderful that our world has seen since the days of the apostles. Let r man stand up in the year i860 and predict that inside of thirty years all the serfs of Russia would be liberated ; the broken up frag- ments of Germany i^ould be united into a mighty military Empire; France would become a Republic ; the fetters would be broken from the limbs of four millions of slaves in the United States ; Japan would liave a Constitutional (Government ; the heart of the dark continent would be disclosed before the astonished gaze of the civilized world ; the temporal power of the Pope would be destroyed, and that little children would be singing to-day on the banks of the tawny Tiber within the hearing of the prisoner of the X'atican " Come to Jesus just now" — let a man stand up thirty years ago and predict all this, and it would be put down simply as a madman's dream. Vet the impossible has taken place, and we are standing on the threshold of yet greater things. Our work in Foreign Missions is yet only preliminary and preparatory. We have been exploring heathen countries, becoming acquainied with the climates, learning the customs of the peoples, and discovering the strategic points. We have been reducing languages to writing, and compiling dictionaries and pre- paring grammars and translating scriptures. Thus far we have only been get- ting ready. The day is at hand, and I believe that many of us will live to see it, when the burst of glory that was seen among the Telugus will be a matter of constant occurence in hundreds of lands, and nations will be bom unto God in a day. " 1 hear hope singing, sweetly singing, .Softly in an undertone, Singing as if faith had taught her. It is better farthei on. Night and day she sings the song. Sings it while I sit alone, Sings so that my heart may hear it, It is better farther on." It was at the battle of Cold Harbor in the late Civil War on the other side. It is said that General Grant summoned a council of his officers at mid- night to delibeiale what to do. Through the drizzling rain, lliey came in the darkness to his tent which was only lighted up by a solitary candle. Each officer was asked in turn what he would advise. Every one of them urged a suspension of hostilities. They must stop : They must fall back. This slaughter was awful. They could not stand it. When they were all through, Cieneral Grant handed to ■ .ch one of them a sealed envelope w ith instructions to break the seal and read the contents when he got back to his tent, and when they returned under their own camp lights, they read each the thrilling words "Advance in solid column early in the morning." One epoch of your history is p.ast and you are now standing on the threshold of the new. Clasping each other with the grasp of reassuring con- fidence, with the voice of your great Commander rallying you as with a battle cry, keeping pace with the onward march of Mis providence under the broad blood-stained banner of the Cross, forgetting the past and reat hing out to the f^uture, step to step, heart to heart, life to life, shoulder to shoulder, ^'Adiwue in so/ill column early in the morning." '^fp^HIS was I " Our I I as folio ■r/ many ( be said. Wh; more particul; What choifl o "Oui Present to this subject interesting da he might gatli mighty shaft, attempt must ing of a migl There has In marshalled ir Carlyle says upon for mati a miglity scni Peihai^ Stilhvcll, and nho are with 1 in the Gospel ficd if we sho thankful for v mectmgs clos' what arc you oui thou (lit i our [irolilcm. tion out of sc comparativel in His provi( may focus t practical rcsi mediate prai Gospel to ihi The 1 dian I5a]»iisti of India, in t of country 2\ population o empted," my cently addre quote : " T few cannot ; son. And ii served, by .1 Now, in ih pre-empt foi there arc no Word of Lil ETY. leither in philoso- bluer sky or out hirty years have ince the days of ict that inside of broken up frag- E 111 pi re ; France tlie hmbs of four a Constitutional closed before the f the Pope would ^ on the banks of tican " Come to edict all this, and c impossible has Iter thinj^s. Our atory. We have ilh the (liniates, icgic points. We tionaries and pre- .ve only been get- )f us will live to eluj,'us will be a ons will be boin A'ar on the other is olTicers at mid- rain, tliey rame J by a solitary 2. Every one of iy must fall back, en they were all ;d en\el()pe with got back to his ey read each the standing on the reassuring con- I as with a battle under the broad u hing out to the ulder, ^'Ath'iitne CLOSING ADDRESS. ^T^HIS was delivered by Prof. T. Trotter, of McMaster Hall, nr the subject I "Our Present Missionary Problem." Prof. Trotter spoke in substance II as follows : Mr. Chairman, and Christian friends : It must seem to %' many of yt.u, after two days so rich and full, that nothing can remain to be said. What side of the more general subject of Christian Missions, or the more particular subject of our own Mission, has not been touched upon ? What chord of feeling has not been swept again and again ? I am to speak on "Our Present Missionary Problem." li'.it have not the brethren been speaking to this subject, in ways more or less direct, through all the sessions of these intercstini^ '. You may say that this calculation at so much a head is open to objec- tion. I am aware that the contributions of last >e ; who believe ^lat Ciod's glory of unnumbered ittance, or may 1 a fuller spirit- en motives are ators of Him, c through His I )eacons, yea, is for a deeper s. it is not t is not such a sipping at the fountain as shall save our own souls from perishing, but such a drinking in of the life and spirit of Christ as shall cause us, in our measure to think as He thinks, to feel as He feels, to purpose as He purposes, and to imitate His consuming self-saciifice. "I am come," said He, " that they might have life, and that they might have it more abundantly." Oh I for this more abundant life I then woulcl the witness to this great work prevail, and Christ's people be swift to do His bidding. Thus, brethren, I have set the problem before you. I have shown you the proposed solution, with its triple demand. Shall we seek to meet these de- mands, andgi>e practical eftect to the solution ? We dare not go back. We cannot stand still. We must go forward. Shal'i we not command the Board to go forward ? The spirit of Carey seems to be speaking once again : " Lengthen your cords, strengthen your stakes ;" " Expect great things from God, attempt great things for (iod." God grant that we and all the people may have grace to say, amen, and amen. CAREY CENTENNIAL MEMORIAL FUND- An Appeal to the Baptists of Ontario and Quebec. Dear Brethren : As i/uu are undoiibtedlij atrare, at our l.tst Cunventiunal ijatlterhuj it teas determined to mark the Ventenniul uf the vummencement of Fureiyn Mis- sions, by raisiny a special fund to be devoted to our work in India. The amount which it is jiro/josed to raise for this purpose is ^10,000. Oj this sum, at least '$5,000 is uryently ret/uired at the present time for the purpose of furnishiny prea, lititiny ttctfuireil an adujuate kiiotiledye of the Teluyu lanyuaye, tire retidy lur tmrk. The usefulness itlso of other utissionaries is beiny seriously imptiiretl oiviny to the meayre titiiittimiulatitins, with tvhieh they themselves viiyht easily have yreat ntison to fiml fault. Until these station buildinys are jao- viiletl for, it is ahntist useless to think of sendiny out more missionaries, hoiv- ever yreat the veetl mtty be for such. When our brethren on the jielil subniitteil to the Board the estimates for the present year, they recommended very strtmyly an appropriation t>f 'ii,7,600 for this very purpose. The Board teas reluctitntly compelled to strike this amttunt out of the estimtites, as it sate no teay of pro- viiliny the money, e.iTept throuyh the proposed Centennial Fund. The remainder of the I'untl trill be devoted to much needed e.ttension of our tvork, that tvemay in this pr-uiieai manner shotv an appreciation t\f the honor trhieh the Loril hitth e,>nt'erreil on us in iilentifyiny our name leith that of Willittvi Carey, the founder t>f Modern Missitms. You ivill shortly be asked to contribute to this Funil. We trust you leill consider the imperative neetis of the Mi,tsion ; the era tehich this Fund i,s intended to celebrate : your duty to the heathen, and the blessinys yon hai'e re- ceived from the Lttrd's hand, and yive libevtilly ami cheerfully to the cause. CENTRAL committee. J. (1. Scott. William Craig. Elmore Harris. James Baird. John Firstbrook. ♦ n BOARD OF ^JfnMGN MISSIONS OF ONTARIO AND chairman: Kf.v. S. S. Hatfs, IJ. a. vice-chairman: Wm. Ck.\n.. Em^. COR.-SeCRETARV: KEV. U. G. iMACUONAI.b. MINUTE SECRETARY: Rev. Wm. \V.\i.ker, 15. A. treasurer: Jno. FiRSTBkoOk, Esv., 301 K.iji .St. E., Toronto. MEMBERS OF BOARD. Rev. E. \V. Uadson. B. A. j. C Stott, Q. C. JaiTi^s Baird, Esq. A. A. Ayer, Esq. D. Bemley, Esq. Ke\. Elmore Harris, B. A. J. S. Mc.Master, Esq. J. A. Laflammc, Esq. Rev. j. J. Baker, M. A. I'rof. J. H. Fanner, Rev E. Hoo|>er. M. I). ASSOCIATIONAL Rev. C. H. Emerson, Brant. " L. S. Hughson, Eastern. . " W. M. Walker, .Middlesex and Lambtun. Rev. J. (iibson, Niagara. " D. B. Cohoe, Norfolk. •* M. Vansickle, Owen .Sound. " S. .S. Bates, Toronto. " G. B. Davis, Western. ' Wm. Freed, Whitby and Lindsay. SECRETARIES. Rev. j. W. Weeks, Canada Central. " I). Spencer, Elgin. " I) G. .Macdonaid, Midland. Rev. J. Curry, Northern. " Jas. Coutts, Ottawa. " 1). Reddick, I'eterb* o'. " W. S. Walker, Walkerton. " J. Dempsey, Woodstock. " J. A. Keay, Hamilton. 73 RIO AND * MISSIONARIES OF THE ONTARIO AND QUEBEC BOARD. \i. A. ;ida Central Midland. n. a. bt-o'. dkerton. Jstock. ton. 1867 rS69 .875 1877 18S2 1885 1885 1886 1887 1887 1887 1887 1888 1888 1888 1889 1889 1889 1890 1890 1891 *Rev. A. V. Timpany and wife. tRev. John McLaurin and wife. *Rev. G. F. Currie, M.A., and wife. 55 Rev. John Craig, B.A., and wife — Akidu. + Miss M. J. Frith. Rev J. R. Stillwell, B.A., and wife — Samulcotta. I Rev. F. W. Auvache and wife. Miss S. I. Hatch — Samulcotta. Rev. H. F. Laflamme and wife — Yellamanchili Rev J. E. Davis, B.A., and wife — Cocanada. Rev. R. Garside, B.A., and wife — Tuni. UMiss I. Alexander (Mrs. Drake) Miss S. A. Simpson — Cocanada Miss A. E. Baskerville — Cocanada Miss F". M. Stovel — Akidu. Rev. J. G. Brown, B.A., and wife— V'uyyuru Rev. J. A. K. Walker n"(i wife — Peddapuram. Miss M. A. Rogers — Tuni. Rev. A. A. McLeod, B. A., and wife — Cocanada. Rev. G. H. Barrow and wife — Cocanada. Rev. A. B. Lorimer, B. A., and wife — Cocanada. * Deceased :— wife in Canada. t At Bangalore under the A. B. M. Union. S First wife deceased. + Kesif^ncv! on account of ill health. * Deceaseti. 74 JUST' ISSUEO. S PURGE OTi® y\ NECDOTE S GATHEHED FROM VARIOUS SOURCES BY REV. JAMES J. ELMS. TToro nre prosontod over /?■'<' I ftnuhiti .Intln itlii- .l/n.iio/is, illuslraf ivo of the i>ioty, tiilonts. f^cniiil Ininior. ami wiilf versatility of tin-; ^n'eat preacliii'. A vohnneof fiisciniitiiij; interest, ('ontaiiiiiiy iiort raits of (diaries ami of .laiiios A. Siuirp'oii. PAPER, 35 CENTS: CLOTH. GILT EDGES. 70 CENTS: PoLtpaid. ALSO C H. SRURCEOIM His Life Story, by Rev. James J. Ellis. PAPER COVERS. IL LUSTRATED. PER COPY POSTPAJD. 4 CENTS. WILLIAM BRIGGS, 29-33 RICHMOND STREET WEST TO.-tONTO, ONT. C. W. COATES, Montreal, C^Me. s. F. m:i:s'ris. iiniit.ix, n, s. »^»^^1^ " «|» 1W - K._^ " ^J^^j VL i; ^liulcr ^tnris fr^rinripal and genmii DEi]r. (DOrOUtO, iauada. \ Thiti is one of th(W)|(lest. Best anil most l*opulav ' ^) Comnieiciul Collej^'e, of (Jolle^c \^ t/ pBrnqaiiship, Shorthand aqd Telegraphy * / IN AMERICA. \ YOrXG hA]>IKS Al{l<: AltMITTKI) EOIALI.V UITII i;.\i. iNsrurc- TION. Jnformatioii oliccrfnlly uiven hy cailiii^^ at oUice, or i)y addressini; NOTE ADDRESS. MR. J. M. CROWLY. LARGE HANDSOME CATALOGUE WILL HE MAILED FJiEE P.S. — Situations Secured for our Graduates. THEf Has now In Hymnal piilili.*!!'- Clo'h. H.', Cloih, l..'i Ho,'iii.Uill pDStajjre, Exjmn No IK- BAP *-^nie Can: Toronto, Out. Alwiiys in st cost rates. Baif And Wh( We ea Th.it will rtui W DESt Sentl foi ^ articles you )TES illiist r;il ivp (.(■ ('liarl.-s tpuid. . Eliis. NTS. ro, ONT. N. S. cn^]v and fcr ^tnrls ^anada. Ill- ' ]♦ V r leciiil Tonus 1 1. Instkim- ii(l(lrossiiit>' 3WLY. •Jti:i-: THE CANADIAN BAPTIST HYMNAl' ll;is i\nw I II lliorniitrlily i.,sli'.l, iiiiil lias n-cclvid the best eii(lori»i;int!nt fver >ji\ cii miy ilyiniial imlilinlu'd in Kni/laml, Aiiioricii iiiiy I ict!*. Mailed, ' " Also, Turki'V Morocco and ullu'r liindin^'S, full uilt. I'M'^liiL't', Kxi)r Stre«*t, TOllOBiTO. VIOLINS, i»L', :), I, r.. i;, lo, i.'., to, M, «'». GUITARS fti, 7. s, 1(1, U', l-S, IS, fj:,. HANJdS, >H. 1(1, u', 1\ ^-JO. ACO (KDKONS, J"!', ;i, I, ft, 0, 7, M, »9. rON'CKKTlNAS, if.', :i, I, A, n, 7, >*t. JKWS IIAKPS. Jv, .(. .'., IK, 15, JO, :'.'.c. MoUrtl OKGANS. liif, JA, :.'.', i'.'., 6«c, if KLUTES, *l.i' , l.r.((,..', .•!, », ti, H, 10, xii'. Violin, Banjo and Guitar Strings from the tw-st manufacturers, FiUrlmnkn & CoIps. of Boston. We have a few Ppoclal Violins niade to order, imriorted dlrcit from tlie ninkcrs in Genrany. These Violins are very line, splendid tone, fine finish. Anyone intending' to liuy :i Klrst-Class Violin, should by all moans see them Lcforc Imyiiit,' elsew here. Sheet Music and Music Boolondence solicited. Address, WILLIAM BUCK, Buck's Stove Works, BRANTFORD, ONT. Tlie Sc^liool of Cutting [ TKACHINn Ot'R New Tailor System of measu'r^Int For Dress Mantle Catting. ^^ ^^ ^^ [.eadiny- System of the day. Drafts direct on ^K ^ JH ^^the material without use of pai)er or patterns. Covers flH ■ mV Mthe entire range of work. Ejisy to learn, or can be ■m M Ml W taught thoroughly by mail. Send for illustrated cir- MAAAILW cular. I*arge inducements to agents. Jjy A ^ADTFO PRACTICAllTTTERS,DRESSJIIAIiERS ■ OC /n> V^/^n I ^riy ASD miHKRS. - 3T2 YOrSIGE STREET, TOROIMTO. BEWARE OF MODELS AND MACHINES. ESTABLISHED 1860. f- i 'once Mtrect. IKOAiTO. (t, ir>, t(i, r,o, ri'K , l\ IS, «.';). 0. \ fi, 7, H, #9. > S, «, 7, *«. Ill, !.'>, i'O, A'»c. I."., iM, io, 6(;c, « »,»■., H, 10, Xll*. Coles, of Boston. kcrs in Geninny. l)uy a FirstClass >r nDBlip*tion, Bisi^ taA Souring of Food, Palpita- tion, Ix>Bs of Appetite, eto. We gaarantee Bur dock Blood Bitters to cure Dys- pepsia, or refond the money. It » a positive core, having eared cases of 25 years' standing, 'wbich resisted all other treatment. THE LADY Wliosa portrait «• five. teUs to following MlMT wl|iaB3.B. the dldlnhw aoA OBinxaidni,— A llairv I to yon. fori 1 tor nyMuppiilMf this XvUM to yoor bTb.BJ' I ?;,%sKffirfr'"'^'"'^'^ this Xmas to i ■offered tor a long time In ^^ _ land and ibis ooontiy fMm Dyspepsia, bok i banks to voor wonderful Blood Bitten, I am in perfeot health to-day. In gractude to it I never lose an opportnnity to praise It, and ■ball, if poMible. never be with out it. HB8. 8ABAB IBBLAMD. Binsoarth.Man. BURDOCK BLOOD BITTERS. S;v ELECTWCBEl^T c? ,:' CHALLENGES ALL ELECTRIC ^ BELT COS IN CANADA COM- / BINEO TO PRODUCE A LIKE LIST OF HOME TESTIMONIALS. 'Toronto, On»>| AddnMs •11 !«»- tersto lir.T.BAEB 4kOO.| Windsor, OnU P «««"«> BEIT i SUSPEHSOR? «« $5- «»■ eiiiUt. 0) GEO. HOPE & tJ Importers of and Dealers in SiDging Birds, Parrots, Bird Cages, Seeds, &c. 31 BiidsandAnfansIsfiitafredsndMoimtodto Ci order at res8<»id>le rates. All birds m warranted. • 691 QU KEN ST. WEST. -TORONTO, .IP * t V I t ... * : "t ij 'ii w J HKNRV O'HARA. H. n. O'MARA H. O'HARA&CO. Debenture Brokers, Financial, Real Estate AND INSURANCE AGENTS. Money to Loan at 5 and 6% on Real Estate. TORONTO, ONT. Office. MAIL SUiLDINC. Kinsr Strset Entrance. Telephone 9090, MUNICIPAL DEBENTURES.— We buy and sell large quantities of Municipal Bonds. - r*. LOAN COMPANY DEBENTURES.-First-class Loan Company Bonds to yield 5% half-yearly. B ant, Loan, In surance and other Company S»c«>: Bou ght and Sold , INSUNANCK KfrCCTKO IN riNtT-eLAS* COMPAMIcm. References. Geo. A. Ci)«. l''>i|.. I'll". iHiindLin Kmik nf Cniiiii.crfi). Tormil'i Hun. 8. <'. Wimd, M...iuii«r, FrMli»l>l I/un k Mivinin' (i> J. K. MaciloiiaM, E..|., MunaKinK D!M , Uuinliin of Infante' Ooiirtof C'huvcnry, Toronto V. N. Baifil, JAq.. (>rmi>lpnt. B>.tr>tof Trtd«, Toronto. I i NaL'hir»n. (< C . I. I D., iMaclvan, McDonald, MerriU A Shnplry.) Toronto. o WN A HOUSE OF YOUR OWN. =r *!«• THE EQUITABLE Savings, Loan and Building Association INCORPORATED. OfllrerM. Head OflHreM. Henry O'Hara. l*rt>Mlnt. Jno. A. nieftillllvray. <(.C. Vice-Pren. David Slllla'r, Creneral NanaKer. H. A. C'ollSua, Sop. of AKendein. Cor. King and Bay Sts. ... T0RONTO. REASONS WHY YOU SHOULD SECURE SHARE IN THIS COMPANY. The lin't'sttnent in St(fe atttf Projltnble. The Sffstfii: uf tliin f'o'ff in thr hest tlfrined for enf^n've<} Snriugt''. Itettf'V thuit ffe/Hmitiiiff ffoar Moueff in Sariiiffs Hunks. Memltcvs ran ttrrnrr a lionir anti jtaft for ii in Monthlji InHtal." nients. RELIABLE AGEr^TS WANTED. APPLV TO UAVII> MILIiA'Y, fkcn. Hanaieef. I < t M