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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 '"S *'1 t / //y^/'^^^ THE LIBRARY THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA The Buluxr Collection Gift (if Mrs. Henry A. Bulwer # n C J E N i: R A i. H Y N () P S I S o f I R D S ^• LONDON : Printed for Beuj.Wbitc . Mocx'Lxx^n:. J'i •#^ rt- S^ff •«.' • <• •' THF UM\'|-RSITV OF BRITISff COI.UMRI \ WOOnWAF^I) IlISK^RICAL COII.FCTION * <. PREFACE. rpHE intent of the following Iheets is to give, as far as may X be, a concife account of all the Birds hitherto known j no- thing having been done in this way, as a general work, in the H-nglifh language, of late years. In other countries, however, it has been paid more attention to; witnefs that valuable work of M Brifon, who has brought down his account to the year 1760*, when he publifhed his OmiMogy. That great and able Natuiaiia m j^ t}../f • n -r finJhed on the extenHve plan that he has chalked out for him- felf will do h,m n^uch honour. Of this feven volumes are already publiftied. and we are promifed two others in a very Ihort time which are intended to clofe the undertaking. ' In this work of Jlf. de Buffon, not only every thing which ha, been treated of before is properly noticed, and the many contra- t Hijleirt naturelle du Oi/tautt, • didlions t 11 PREFACE. diftions of various authors reconciled, but many new fubjedls ha\^e been added, rendering it a valuable work. There have been many authors who, from time to time, have treated on Birds, and many different fyftems have arifen in con- fequence of their labours; but it is much to be lamented, that fcarce any two agree in the fame opinion. The great Ray, our countryman, may juftly be efteemed the firft author oiSyJletm and it is to him we are indebted for the va- luable Ornithology of Francis Willughhy, Efq; which, though pubhfhed fo far back as 1678 *, is yet reckoned the beft general work of its kind in the Englifh language. A whole volume wuuia icarce fuffice to give an accounr of the various writers in Ornithology, and their works in every languages but this is not meant to be a part of our undertaking, and is in- deed quite unneceflar)', as we mean to draw materials for our purpofe from authors of the beft credit only; not condemning any of them for their attempt to communicate the knowledge of the age they lived in, as we may juftly fuppofe it was well re- ceived in their daysj and no doubt but the time will come, when our prefent notions of things will be held as cheap by our fuccef- fors, as thofe of the century paft are by the prefent age. We will therefore pafs over even the names of all here, except the one to whom all future writers on Natural Hiftory muft feel themfelves • The fifft edition was in the Latin tongue, in 1676, but not tranflated int9 Inglifli till two years after. 3 indebted ^ R E. ••• ill indebted J I mean, the ever-memorable and great Sir Charles LiNN^us, who at one view has drawn together, as it were, all Nature and her produ6lions, in his Syjletna Nature. This work has brought down our fubjed:, among the reft, through twelve editions, as far as the year i'jS']-\. In this undertaking, his aim has beenconcifenefs; but in gaining this, he has loft fight, I fear, o( fufficient inftruftion j having done little more than pointed out where fuch inftrudion may be found. His arrangement of Birds is, in general, approved of, and his divifion into Genera fcarcely to be altered for the better ; but as It is now fome years fince he wrote, many new lights have been thrown on Natural Hiftory, fufficient to excufe future writers, if in fome few inftances, at leaft, they fhould differ from him i which will be the cafe in the work now before us. There is one thing in Linnaus's arrangement of Birds, which, I muft confefs, has ever appeared to me unaccountable, and in which he differs from Ray at his firft letting out. Mr. Ray di- vided all Birds into two grand divifions ; viz. Firft, Thofe which frequent the land : Secondly, Thofe which frequent the water : but Linn^us feparates the Land Birds into two parts, and thrufts in the Water Birds between. This is certainly unnatural, and therefore will not be admitted in the prefent undertaking. The bafis then of this work will be on the prime divifion of Ray, but we ftiall adhere to the Linnaan Genera, except in a very + In the Mantijfa Plantarum, publiflied in 177 1, will be found a few more Birds defcribed at the end ; but thefe are only twenty in number. a a few iv R E F C E. few inftancesj and for which alteration good reafons will be given. The whole of this undertaking will be comprifed in three vo- lumes J the firft of which will contain the Accipitres and Pica of Linnaus ; the fccond will confift of the Pajferes and Gallitue of the fame author ; and the third volume clofe the work with his CralU and Anferes. To each volume will be added a complete Index of its contents, and in the laft, an Explanation at length of the authors referred toj alfo, a Generic Catalogue of the Birds mentioned throughout the work» In thefe fheets will be found near four times the number of Birds mentioned in the Syftema Natu,^^ , the additions to which will be drawn from the authors which have appeared fince that publication, added to , • Crefled Eagle LrZ "' ^'""' P- 471- J5-scR.Prro:^ nPHlS bird is in C r ^ the bill is black: c"e ~" ^^'^T ^^^" ^ ^-W: covered with feathers, Z^Z 'u'''^' ^'^ ^^^ ^ compofed of four fea He s • t^T f Tr ' "^^ ^ ^^^^ i^ ^°P of the head, and a about ^ 1 "^ ^^^^^^ ^^ ^hc -o others, which are W Jn^ea^hVe " J" J"^^'^ ^ ^^ . on each fide : which feathers the Orn. de ^«/,^,,. 10. bird VULTURE. bird can eredt at will. The hind part of the neck is fulvous : the upper parts of the body, for the moft part, black j beneath, white. Tail barred with brown and black, alternate : vent and thighs barred white and black; edges of the tail-feathers whitilh: legs covered with white feathers, and fpotted, or rather barred, wirii black. Litmaus fays, that the legs and claws are both naked, and that they are of a yellow colour; and thinks it much allied to the Falcon genus, fince the head is deftitute of feathers in no part. This bird inhabits Mexico, Brajil, and other parts of South jihnmca. It is faid to be able to cleave a man's IkuU afyndcr, with one ftroke of the bilL Placb. Vultur papa, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 122. N* j, Le Roi des Vautours, Brif. em, i. p. 470. t. 36. N* 1 1» » Buf, oif. i. p. 169. t. 6. ■ ■ ■ ■ PI. tnlum. N° 428. Cozcaquauhtli, Rait Sytt. p. 161. The Vulture, Jiiiu. 2. t. 4; King of the Vultures, Ed Vautour M t il ^1 4 VULTURE. »J is h if Vautour a tete blanche, Bri/. orn. i. p. 466. N" 9. Le petit Vautour, Buf. oij. i. p. 164. Vautor de Norwege, PL tnl. 449. Vuhur albus. Rati. Syn. p. 10. White Vulture, fTill. orn. p. 6y, N" 6. Cinereous Vulture, Ditto^ p. 66, N" 1. nRISSON defcribes this bird as having a blueifli bill, the tip black : the iris of a dull red : and that it is the fize of a large Cock: the body fuliginous, fpotted with chefnut: head and neck white, with brown lines : quills half white half dufky : bafe of the tail white, the end brown with a whitifli tip : legs, covered with dull yellow feachcrs. Buffon thinks this Vulture to be the fame with a Vulture which he received fronn Norway ^ above quoted. This variety had the head and neck bare of feathers, and of a reddilh colour; the body almoft entirely white, except the quills, which were black. In the Planches Enlumineesj the bill is coloured yellow,, with. a. black tips the legs white i claws blacks , 7' Var. a. ASH-COLOURED V. Description^ Vautour d'Egypte, Bri/. orn. i. p. 45.7. N^ 3, Sacre d'Egypte, Buf. i. p. 167. Sacre Egyptien, Belon Hift. d'Oif. p. 1 10. t. in. in.. ^HIS is faid to be of a rufous afli-colour, fpotted with brown;; and is about the fize of a kite : has a bill between that of a Raven and a bird of prey, with the legs and gait of a raven. It 15 common about the pyramids of Egypt^ where it is found in large. Var. B. EGYPTIAN.. V. Description*. H VULTURE. Manners, large troops. It lives on carrion, and is, with the IhiSt in great efteem for deftroying fnakes and reptiles, which are common in Egypt i which circumftance has caufed it frequently to be en- graven on obelifks. About Grand Cairo it is called Ach- bobba *. M. Buffon fays, this bird is not fufficiently known, and is likely to prove the fame with N° 5. But Linnaus having fet it down, as well as the former, as varieties of his Percnopierus, has determined us to follow his example till better informed. 8. CINEREOUS V. DEsCRiprioN, Le Vautour, Sri/, orn. i. p. 453. N* i. Le Vautour, ou grand Vautour, Buf. o!/. i. p. ij8, t. 5. . — PI, enlum, 425. Vultur cinereus. Rait Syn. p. 9, N* I. Cinereous, or Afti-coloLred Vulture, Will, orn, p. 66, N" i. DRISSON defcribes this bird in the following manner: — The fize is that of an Eagle, or rather bigger: length three feet fix inches, breadth feven feet nine inches. The head and upper part of the neck are covered with brown down: beneath the throat hangs a kind of beard, compofed of very narrow feathers like hairs: the reft of the body is covered with brown feathers: the quills and tail are of the fame colour, but fomewhat inclining to afli : legs covered with feathers quite to the toes, which arc yellowj the claws black. This fpccies is an inhabitant of Europe : frequents high mountains, and lives principally on dead carcafes. • See Sbavj'i Travels, vol. ii. ^j, 9, 92. Le VULTURE. »S Le Vautour brun, Brif. orn, i. p. 455. N" 2. Le Vautour de Make, Buf. oif. i. p. 161. I PL enl, 427. 'T^HIS bird is in bulk between a Ph. afant and Peacock; is two feet and an half in length, and the wing, when clofed, reaches to two thirds the length of the tail. — The bill is black: head covc^red with brown down : neck covered with narrow feathers. The whole bird is of a general brown colour, but the quills are darkeft ; the primaries are white at the tips, and fpotted with brown: tail grey brown: legs naked, yellowiih: claws dulky. This bird inhabits many parts of Europe, chiefly the ifland of Malta *. MALTESE V. D E S C IX 1 P T I • In tlie ifle of Candia alfo, as well as in all the iflands of the Mediterranean Archipelago, Vultures are very common ; the fkins of which are nearly as thick as a calf's hide. The natives of thefe places, as well as in Egypt and Arabia, ^nake great ufe of fuch Ikins, properly prepared, by way oi furn. The fur- riers of thofe parts have a way of extrafting the feathers without difturbing the down; which, after going through proper operations, become valuable, and fell very dear. Thf ufe that is made of thefe is to wear them on the breaft and ftomach, as they are fuppofed to promote digeftion. The Vultures of the ifle of Cyprus are of the fize of a Swan, feathered on the back and wings like an Eagle, and the neck covered with down as foft as the lineft furr. Thcle birds live only on carrion, and when they meet with a proper oppor- tunity, are faid to fill themfelves fo full, as not to want food again for fifteen days. Having thus done, they become unable to raife themfelves from the " ed, fometimes bein? hunted flight i safily down with dogs, at other times dif|;utched with clubs, or other weapons, by the iphabitants. Defer, de I'Archipel. Dapper, p. 50. Le n i6 VULTURE. n I lO. BLACK V. Description. ' i Le Vaatour noir, Sri/, orn. i. p. 457. N" 4. Le Vautour, PI, enl. 425 ? Vultur niger. Rati. Syn. p. 9» N" 2« Black Vulture, W'///. orn. p. 66, Chap. v. N* 2. Swarthy Vulture, CW/. ex. p- 7i» N'' 4. ^HIS fpecies is wholly black, except the wings and tail, which are brown : the legs are covered with feathers to the toes. It exceeds every way the Golden Vulture in fize, and is found frequently in Egypt. M. Buffon fays *, that it is a mere variety of the Cinereous Vulturcy N" 8i to which I can fay nothing: but muft remark, once for all, that it will be frequently found impoflible fo to re- concile the various fentiments of authors, as to place them all upon one juft bafis. We (hall therefore be obliged, not only in this, but in many other inftances throughout this work, to leave things as they are found, letting every reader adhere to the opi- nion he fhall beft approve of, rather than obtrude one of our own, except upon very folid grounds, and for which good rca- ibns will be given. • Oi/, vol. i. p. 163. I \ L 1 ' ( u ■ I ft? VULTURE. 17 Xe Vautour fauve, Bri/. ern. i. p. 462. N' 7* 11. Le GrifFon, Buf. oif. i. p. iji. FULVOUS. Vultur fulvus, boetico congener BtL — Rati. Sjtt. p. 10. N* 7. Fulvous Vulture, ff^ill. orn, p. S-j, N" 7. Vulture, Albin, iii. p. i. t. i. "TpHIS bird exceeds the Eagle in fize, being, according to bBscaipTxoir* Brijfonj three feet fix inches in length, and eight feet in breadth. The bill in colour is blue grey, with the tip black : the head, neck> and ruff, white : parts above rufous-grey, with fome mixture of white in the wing-coverts : quills and tail black : middle of the bread bare of feathers, and covered with a downy matter, or rather hair, which is of the colour of the back I the under parts are white, mixed with rufous-grey : legs -afti-coloured, covered with white down: claws black. M. de Buffon doubts whether this is not a variety of the Golden Vulture ; and Ray, from the name he applies to it, feems of the fame opinioji. Le Vautour hupe, Brif. orn, i. p. 460. N*> 6. Le Vautour a Aigrettes, Buf. tif. i. p. -159. Vultur leporarius Gefneri, Rati Syu. p. lO. N''4. Hare Vulture, Will. ern. p. Sj, N"» 4. 12. HARE V. ■^npHIS is rather lefs than the Golden Vulture, or next fpecies, Dbscript and is all over of a fhining reddifh black j the breaft much inclining to a fulvous colour. The bill is black: the legs yellowi jclaws dulky, or black. B While i ^r, H il VULTURE. Manners. While this bird is at reft, either fitting or ftanding, it erefts a creft, appearing as if it was horned, which does not appear while it is flying. It flies very fwift, and runs faft, preying both on living as well as dead animals, alfo fifli ; catching the firft not only in flight, but by often fairly running them down. i • S 13' GOLDEN V. DiSGRIFTION. i Le Vautour dore, Bri/. on:, i. p. 438. N" 5* Vultur fulvus Gejneri, Raii Syn. p. 10. N''5. Vultur bocticDS, Raii Syn. p. 10. N" 3. Golden Vulture, tfill. orn. p. 67. N" 5. t. 4. TRIGGER than the Golden Eagle. Length four feet eight inches. The head and hind part of the neck are rufous white : the body is black above, and rufous beneath : quills and tail brown :. the Ihafts of the feathers, on the upper parts, are white : legs- covered to the toes with pale rufous feathers : the toes them- felves brown : claws horn-colour. M. de Buff on fays, that it appears clear to him, that this and' N° 1 1 are varieties of each other.. < n 14. ANGOLA V. De SCRIPTIONi Angolia Vulture, Ptnn. Tour in Wales, p* 228. t. ig. Lev, Muf% 'Tp H E fize of this fpecics is about half as big again as a kite.. The bill is whitifli, long, and but little hooked : cere blue- ifli: orbits flefh-coloured and naked: irides fl:raw-coloured : head and neck clothed with feathers : craw pendulous : head, neck, back, breaft, belly, and leflTer wing coverts, of a pure 10 white : mtniKBtutimiMeKiaimaaaam .^^ » 4 ; 1 1 i 1 fit /. /1./9 ^m^/ VULTURE. white : greater wing coverts, and primariej, black j the laft tip- ped with white : lower part of the tail black i the end v/hite ; legs dirty white, and fcaly. Mr. Pennant defcribed this from the fine colle(5l;ion of birds at Bryn y fys, the feat of Richard Parry Price, Efq. There were two of them which came from Angola. They were, fays he," very " reftlefs and querulous, and more adlive than is ufual with this " fluggifh race." Thefe are now finely preferved in the Leverian Museum. «d Tawny Vulture, Broiufi's Illufl. p. 2. t. i. ^HE bill is dufky, fhort, and thick : cere large, and befet with briftles : fpace between the bill and eyes naked ; reft of the head covei ed with feathers : the chin bearded with a tuft of long (lender feathers : head, neck, back, breaft, belly, and thighs, of a pale tawny- colour : coverts of the wings mixed with brown: tail dirty white, barred with brown : legs flender, blueifli : claws long, flightly bent. Length of the bird two feet four inches. Inhabits Falkland IJlands. — Defcribed from a fpecimen in the Royal Society's Mufeum, TAWNY V. Description, Pl ACS. J^E N G T H two feet fix inches. The bill is ftout and thick, being moftly crooked at the end, like other Vultures i the bafe is lead-colour, the end black : the eyes are of a very dark brown j the upper eye-lid befet with hairs like eye-lafhes : the head and neck are bare of feathers, being covered only with a D 2 down 16. BENGAL V. N. S. Plate I. Description. hiT" M! ?.o U u ■ . i' ■'. > It ^ : ; ' i i I ii, i'i i' " •I JflJkCt, >7' SECRETARY V. Plate JI. DEscmrTioN. VULTURE. down of a deep brown colour } but the fore part of it, from the chin to the breaflr, is quite bare i of a dirty light brown, and fomewhat wrinkled : lower part of the neck, all round, is thinly fet with narrow feathers, like a ruff: the body above, is of a deep black brown : the wing coverts have pale Ihafcs j the quills very dark, almod black ; beneath, the colour is paler than on the upper parts : the. fhaft of each feather white, or very pale buff-colour : thighs the fame ; the crop hangs over the bread, as in many of the Vulture genus : the legs are ftrong, much warted, and of a deep brown coldur : claws black. The fpecimen from which the above defcription was taken, is. now alive in the Tower. The keeper informed me, that it came ixorci.Bengah. MefTager du Cap de bonne £(perance, Pl7enl. jzu. Sagittarius, Vefmatr monog, tab. 8. Secretaire, Son. Voy. p. 87. t. 50. » Faico ferpentarius, J. F, Miller, t. 28. Secretary, or Sagittarius, Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixt. p. 175* Ltv» Mm/, 'TpHI S is a moft fmgular fpecies, being particularly remark- able from the great length of it's legs j which, at firft fight, would induce one to think it belonged to waders : but the charadbers of the Vulture are fo ftrongly marked throughout, as to leave no doubt to which clafs it belongs^ The bird, when Handing ereft, is full three feet from the top of the head to the ground. The bill is black, fharp, and crooked. H^'.l. P. I .^:. t*^ '/:i,.^..^<'- f t V*.- ■-.ft' * ,.H- ^'C, .J ftv VULTURE. crooked, like that of an Eagle : cere white : round the eyes bare of feathers, and of a deep yellow or orange-colour : the irides pale grey : the upper eye-lid befet with ftrong briftles, like eye-lafties : the head, neck, breaft, and upper parts of the body, are of a blueifh alh-colour : baftard wing, prime quills, vent, and thighs, black j in the laft, the feathers have white tips : tail rounded, brownifli a/h ; the end» for above an inch, black ;. the tip white : the two middle feathers the fame in colour as the others, but more than as long again as any of them : the legs are very long, ftouter than tliofe of a Heron,, and of a brown colour : claws fliortilh, but crooked, not very fliarp, and of a black colour: from the hind head fprings a number of long feathers, which hang loofe behind, like a pendent creft :. thefe feathers arife by pairs, and are longer as they are lower down on the neck : this creft the bird can ereft or deprefs at pleafure: it is of a dark colour, almoft black: the webs arc equal on both fides,, and rather curled; and the feathers,.when erefted, fomewhat incline towards the neck. This fingular fpecies inhabits the internal parts o^ Africa, and is frequently feen at the Cape of Good Hope, It is alfo met with in the Philippine IJands *. The defcription I have given above, was taken from three which were alike, which I faw m England alive, feme years fince i two of which are now in the Leverian Mufeum. From confine- ment, they had loftlheir two long tail-feathers ; but this want was kindly fupplied by fome accurate drawings,, which Mr. Banks favoured me with, taken from the life, at the Cape. Thefe ft! • S9H, 7oy. p. 88; were .1! m' ;i*- n li m ; f ; f .sit 'i - 11 VULTURE. were in the body of tlie Hime colour with my dcfcription, but had the tail-feathers black throughout, with pale whitifh tips. Tliat figured in the Planches Enluminees is brown above, white beneath : the brcaft yellowifli : tail wholly black throughout. 1 he toes are faulty, being near three times the length of nature. Mr. Sonnerct fays, that the bird is naked above the knees ; and tliat the two outer tail-feathers are the long ones, which, he fays, are as long as the whole body. . In this he is not far amifs j but in the two firft aflertions, I am clear, he has been mifinformed. In Miller's plate of this bird, I obferve the tail to be crofled with numerous alternate bars of black and white, and the crell tipped with white *. I think it neceflary to be thus prolix on the colours, to fhew how much it varies, either by age, fex, or in different fpecimens, naturally. Manners. As to the manners of this bird, it is on all hands allowed, that it principally feeds on rats, lizards, fnakes, and the likej and that it will become familiar : whence Somjerat is of opinion that it might be made ufeful in fome of our colonies, if encouraged, to- wards the deflrudlion of thofe pefts. They call it at the Cape of Good Hopey Slangeater^ i. e. Snake- eater. A great peculiarity be- longs to it, I believe obferved in no other j which is, the faculty of flriking forwards with it's legs, never backwards. This circum- ftance I have obferved myfelf. — Di. Solander informs me, that he has feen one of thefe birds take up ? fnake, fmall tortoife, or fuch like, in it's claws j when, dafhing it from thence againft the ground with great violence, if the vi6lim was not killed at firft, it • He has (Anltted the bare fpacc round the eyes ; which gives it more the appearance of a Falcon than a Vulture : which laft genus it certainly be- longs to. repeated * 1 ■ :^ ' VULTURE. repeated the operation till that end was anfwered ; after vvliich it ate it up quietly. Dr. J. R. Forfter mentioned ;; further circumftance, which he fays was fuppofed to be peculiar to this birdj that Ihould it by any accident break the leg, the bone would never unite again. — The fa6l I can by no means call in queftion ; but it being peculiar to this fpecies, fhould be well confidered ; at leaft till we know whether an union of the bone will take place again in the Flamingo^ long-legged Plovery Avocetta^ and fuch kind of birds* which are liable to the fame accident. «J P... G E N ir s IT. n T A L Cf O N. ■i !l ) ^i 1: ■ if W Genus IL FALCON. 1. Crowned Eagle. N'25. -ffiquinoftial E. 2. Black £. 26. Ofprey. 3. BaldE. A. Carolina O. 4. Se&£. B. Cayenne O. 5. Golden E. 27. Mansfeny 6. RingtailE. 28. Buzzard. A.Whifc-tailedE. 29. Greater Buzzard. 7. Fierce E. A. Spotted B. 8. Cinereous E. 30. Cream-coloured B. ^. Plaintive E. 31. American B. 10. Black-cheeked E. 32. Harpy. 11. Chinefe E. 32. Honey B. 12. White E. 14. MoorB. .13. Louifiana White E. A. Bay Falcon. .14. Rough-footed E. B.White-rumpedBayF, ic. Leffer White-tailed E. 35. Afli-coloured B. •16. Spotted E. 36. Barred-breafted B. 17. Jean le blanc. 37. Collared F. 18. New Holland White E. 38. NewZeelandE. 19. StatenlandE. 39. Gofhawk. 510. BrafilianE. 40. Cayenne F. 21. Pondicherry E. 41. Long-tailed F. 2^. Black-backed E. 42. Swallow-taiJed F. 23. White crowned E, 43. Kite. 24. RuflianE. 44. Black K. ^ 4C. Auftfiaa i FALCON. N"45. Auftrian K. 46. Ruffian K. 47. Brafilian K. 48. Gentil F. 49. Common F. A. Yearling F. B. Haggard F. C. White-headed F. D. White F. E. Black F. F. Spotted-winged F. G. Brown F. H.RedF. I. Red Indian F. K. Italian F. L. Ardic F. Iceland F. A. White Iceland F. B. Spotted Iceland F. Barbary F. Peregrine F. A. Tartarian F. S3' Spotted F. 54. Rough-legged F. 55. Booted F. 56. Rough-footed F. 57. PlacentiaF. 58. Saint John's F. S9- Sacre. «s 50. 52. N-eo. 61. 62. 63. 64. 65. 66. 67. 63. 6g. 70. 71- 72. 73. 74. 75- 76. 77- 78. 79. 80. 81. E A. American S. Newfoundland F. Starry F. Northern F. Crefted Indian F. Caracca F. Black and White F. Ceylonefe crefted F. Grey F. Brown Jerfalcon. White Jerf. A. Iceland Jerf. Surinam Falcon. Laughing F. Brown Lanner. White L. Hen Harrier. Ringtail. A. Marfh Hawk. Hudfon's Bay Ringtail. A. Cayenne R. Stone F. Mountain F. A. Alh-col. Mountain F. Keftril, A. Lark Hawk. B. Grey Keftril. Fifliing F. Brown H. N-82. %s, FALCON, ■\ ■ "» I i N°82. Red- throated F. 83. Speckled B. 84. American Brown H. 85. Sparrowhawk. A. Spotted Sp. B. White Sp. 86. Pigeon H. 87. Guiana F. 88. Ingrian F. 89. Great-billed F. 90. Hobby. N°9i. Orange-breafted H. 92. Spotted-tailed H. ^;^. Merlin. A. New York M. B. Caribbee M. C. Falconers M. 94. Little F. ^S. Saint Domingo F. 96. Minute F. 97. Bengal F. 98. Siberian F. ^HE bill is hooked, and furnilhed with a waxy fkin at the bafCi-. called the cere. The head and neck thickly befet with feathers. The tongue bifid at the end. This is the Linnaan definition. Mr. Pennant * adds : Noftrils fmail, oval, placed in the cere. Legs and feet fcaly ; middle tc , connedled to the outmoft, , as far as the lirft joint, by a ftrong membrane. Claws large, much hooked, and very Iharp j that of the outer toe the leaft. The female larger and ftronger than the male. This genus of birds is fo well known, that fcarcely any one iS' at a lofs where to place any fpecies he fhall fee. The only miftake that can happen, is in confounding it with the firft genus, for the reafons therein mentioned. The chief charafte- riftics are the bill and claws j being both of them very hooked - ' \ • Genera of Birds, 1773, p. 2t \ ^1 Jharp, FALCON. Iharp. The luxury of thefe, for the moft part, Is to kill their own prey, and eat it while frefli.— Both this and the Vulture will often take in as much food as will laft for many days without a frefh fupply; and Lature has likewife enabled it to bear a very long abftinence in turn. — Their food is not always fleflij many of the fpecies eat fifh, and others are content with fnakes and reptiles, as will be noted in it's place.— They are apt to vary much in the plumage, according to age, which has been the occafion of enumerating more fpecies than really exift. — It is obferved, that every climate is fur- nifhed with them, not being confined, like tlie Vulture, to the warmer regions. — I cannot find that the Falcon tribe ever unites into companies : and, except in breeding. time, feldom two are feen together. The method taken in arranging thefe will be chiefly according to their fizes*, be ,anning at the largeft, and ending with the leaft, as Linn^us's method of feparating them from each other by the colour of the cere, muft frequently deceive, being known to vary in birds of the fame fpecies. ^7 Falco coronatus, Lin. Syfi. u p. 124. N* j. L'Aigle hupe C\^ frique, Bri/. orn. i. > V48. N" 14. Crowned Eagle, Edw. iii. t, 224. I. CROWNED EAGLE. THIS bud IS one third lefs ,n fize than the large Eagles. The Descmpt.o., bill and cere are ferruginous : the irides orange red • fore part of the head, and round the eyes, whitifli : parts above * Not to a nicety in refpeft to their gradation by length. ^ ^ brownj J .f'- 'J lit I. J f r'i ;t .-■ I Hi ■ ' St 2, BLACK E. Discr:ption. 1 FALCON, brown, each feather edged with pale brown : beneath the body is white, with round black fpots : bread rufous : the fides fafciated with black: tail above deep grey, tranfverfely banded with. black : toes bright orange : claws black. The feathers on the top of the head are long enough to form, a crefl, which may be ereded or deprefled at will. Bufon * fays that this bird, and the Crepd Fuliure, N° 2,. vary fo little, as to induce him to believe them the fame, differ- ing only from climate. Falco mdanasetus, Liu. Syft. u p. 124. N** 3i L'Aigle noir, Bri/. em. i. p. 434. N" 8. L'Aigle commun^ Buf. oif. i. p. 86. — — — — — PL enl. 409. Melanastos, Rati Syti, p. 7, N" 4. Schwartzer-braune Adler, Frifch. t. 69; Black Eagle, Will ern. p. 61^ feft. 3. t. 2. ————— Altin. ii. p. 2. T ENGTH two feet ten inches.. Bill horn-colour, with a tinge of blue : cere reddifh : irides hazel : general colour blackiih : the head and upper part of the neck mixed with rufous : lower half of the- tail white, with blackifh fpots, the end half blacKiih :. legs covered with dirty white feathers: toes yellow: claws black. Inhabits Europe. • Hijl d$s Oi/. i. p» 137, N" 2. Fako F A L C O N. if Falco Icucocephalus, Lin. Syft. i. p. 124. N** 3;. L'Aigle a tete blanche, Brif on. i. p. 422. N" 2, ^ BALD Le P/gargue, Buf. oif, i. p. 99. B. — PL tnl. 411. Bald Eagle, Cattf Car i. t. i. ————— Jm. Zoel. N» £«^ i but more common in North America, prey- Mannem^ ingon both flelh and fifhj the latter it does not procure for itfelf, but, fitting in a convenient fpot, watches the diving, of the Ofprey into the water after a fifh, which the moment it has feized, the Bald £«^/^ follows clofe after, when the Ofprey is glad to efcape. by dropping the fiih from his bill j and fuch is the dexterity of the former, that it often feizes the unmerited prey before it can fall to the ground. Catejhy fays, the male and female arc- much alike. • li.does not get the white head and neck till the fecond year. Palcft I 1' 30 4' 4- SEA E. DiSCRIFTIOK. (i FALCON. Faico Offifragus, Lin. Syfi. I. p. 1 24. N^' 4. Le grand Aigle de Mer, Brif, orn. i. p. 437. N* 9. L'Orfraie, Buf, oif. \. p. 112, t. 3. Le grand Aigle de Mer, PI, enl. 112, the male. Orfraie ou Oflifrague, PI. enl, 415, the female. Halixtus feu Ollifraga, Rati Syn. p. 7, N'' 3. Sea Eagle, or Ofprey, Will, orn. p. 59, t. i. ■ ' — i Br, Zool, i. p. 167, t. I7» — — .— Jim. Zool. N» Br. Muf. • Lev. Muf, 'T^HIS fpecles is a trifle lefs in fize than the Golden Eagle: the length is three feet four inches and a half. The bill is of a blueifh horn-colour : cere luteous : under the chin the hairs almoft as narrow as bridles : the upper parts are covered with ferruginous brown, the margins of the feathers darkeft: belly whitifli, fpotted with ferruginous : the infides and tips of the tail feathers are of a deep brown j the outfides of fome are fer- ruginous, of others blotched with white : legs yellow, feathered a little below the knees with ferruginous feathers: claws deep black, very large, and remarkably hooked. Linnaus fays, that the interior webs of the tail feathers, and the fhaft, are white j and that the female is of a dull fer- ruginous colour. * The author means here to fignify the Britijh Mu/eum, which has been the repofitory for every curious matter for feveral years paft, and among the refl, not ill ftored with fpecimens in ornithology ; an account of which will be no- ticed in this manner throughout this work. V Inhabits -y,-,,.. FALCON. Inhabits Europe: not unlike the Golden Eagle-, but the laft is feathered to the toes. It lives chiefly on fifh, but is not indebted to any other help than it's own, in order to procure them, as is the cafe in the laft fpecies. It is frequent likewife in North America i and was alfo met with in Boiaiy IJland by Captain Cooke. sy Falco chryfaetos, Lin/yft. i. p. 125. N" j; ■ I ~ Scop, Ann. i. p. 13. L'Aigle dore. Br,j, em. i. p. 431. N» 7. Le grand Ai^lt. Buf. oif. i. p -jd, ' • PI' enl. 410. Chryfaetos, Raiijyn. p. 6. N° i. Golden Eagle, JViil. ern. p. 58, t. i.—Jl6i„. ii. " ^r. Zoo/. L p. 161, t. 16. Lev. Muf. t. r; 'J'HIS IS a large fpecies, weighing twelve pounds ; the length IS three feet, breadth feven feet four inches. The bilfis deep blue : cere yellow : irides hazel : head and neck of a deep brown, bordered with tawny : hind head of a bright ruft- colour : the whole body dark brown: quill feathers chocolate, with white Ihafts: tail deep brown, blotched with obfcure afhi legs yellow, and feathered quite to the toes, which are very fcaly, and the claws remarkably large, the middle one being two- niches in length. Inhabits Europe. . COLDEN> £. Descriptioit, , FalcOi L(r::TiMi!t^ mmm\ m If '■ W '■■\ h. 31 6. RING -TAILED. E. f A L C O N. Faico Fulvus, Lin,fyft, i. p. 125. N*» 6. L'Aigle commun, PI. enlum. 409. L'Aigle, Brsf. on:, i. p. 419. N° i. Aquila fulva. Rait fyn. p. 6, N" 2. Gold«n Eagle, with a white ring about it's tail, WiU, em. p. 59. Black Eagle, JBr. Zeol. \. p. 165. Ringtail Eagle, jim. Zool. N" DESCRIPTION. T^-^LL blackifn horn-colour : cere yellow : irides hazel : general colour brown : head and neck inclining to rufous : tail white for two thirds of its length, the reft blackifh : legs fea- thered to the toes, which are yellow : claws black. 6. Var. A. WHITE-TAILED £. DlSCKIPTION. FaIco fulvus /3. Lin.fyji, i. p. 125. N» 6. Le Pygarguc, Buf. oij. i. p. 99. L'Aigle a tete blanche, PI. enl. 411. White-tailed Eagle, Edtu. i. t. i. ^HIS differs in having almoft the whole of the tail white, except juft the tip, which is brown. The breaft is Mat- tered with triangular fpots : the forehead, between the eyes, naked. M. Brijfon fuppofes that this, the Erne, and the Bald Eagle, are only varieties. AccipiHv FALCON. Ltv. Muf. T ENGTH two feet nine inches. Bill brownifli yellow, large, and aquiline : head, neck, breafl, belly, thighs, and vent, white : back, wings, and tail, dark brown, except the end of the laft, which is white for about three inches : the legs are yellow, and very flout : the claws black. This bird was brought to England in one of the laft circumnavigating Ihips, and is now in the Leverian Mufeum. Its native place unknown. 7a, WHITE- BELLIED E. N. S. Descriptior. T ENGTH one foot eleven inches. The bill is rather fmall for the fize of the bird, blue at the bafe, and blackifh at the tip : the un- der part of the lower mandible ycUowifh : the cere dufky : forehead nearly of a bufF-colour : the upper parts of the head and body brown, each feather marked with ferruginous juft at the tip : acrofs the hind- head there is a mixture of pale cream-colour, and lower down the fea- thers are mnrh blotched with the fame : the fides of the head, be- neath the eye, palifli, ftreaked with brown : from the chin fprings a crefcent of black, placed much like that in the Hobby : the chin is white,, ftreaked with fine lines of black : the fore part of the neck and breaft brown, each feather margined with yellov/ifn white: belly the fame, but darker i the fhafts of a deep brown : the quills are dark, and on the inner web of each are feveral oval ferruginous fpots, placed tranf- verfely ; the tips of all of them tipped with the fame, except the four or five outer ones, which are plain : the wings, when clofed, reach ra- ther beyond the middle of the tail, which is eight inches long, of a deep brown i all the feathers are fpotted on each fide of the webs with ferruginous, except the two outer feathers, which are plain on the outer web : the legs are yellow : tne claws pretty large, hooked, and black. A good fpecimen of this is now in the pofieffion of Mr. Banks, from which the above defcription is taken. *E LENGTH 7 b. JAPONESE H. N.S. DiscRiPTio;;^ 34 FALCON. It if 8 11 7 c. ORIENTAL H. N. S. DiSCRIPTXON. Place. 7d. JAVAN H. N. S. BiSCRIPTION. PbACI. J^ENGTH feventeen inches. The bill pretty large, hooked, and black J the under mandible yellow at the bafe : the upper part of the body, in general, of a very dark brown, but darkeft on the head : over the eye is a ferruginous ftreak : the under part of the body ferru- ginous brown, with a black ftreak down the middle of each feather, which is befides marked with fome fpots of pale ferruginous : thighs and vent much the fame, but the laft banded with brown : the quills are dark brown, the inner webs marked with oval fpots of white, placed tranfverfely i befides which, there is an obfcure dufky-white fpot on all, except the three firft : the under wing-coverts are ferruginous, fpotted with white : the tail eight inches long j all the feathers marked with obfcure dirty- white fpots, from the bafe to within an inch and a half of the end, which is dufky : the legs are pale lead-colour : claws black. This is alfo in the poffeflion of Mr. Banks, Both of them flew on board a fhip, near the coaft ofyapan. Lev. Muf. 1* T ENGTH feventeen inches. Bill yellow at the bafe, and black at the tip : the cere yellow : forehead white : upper parts of the body red- dilh-brown, inclining moft to red on the wing-coverts j the Ihafts of which are darkeft : the under wing-coverts of a dirty reddilh-white, undulated with ferruginous : quills dark brown on the outer, anu deep ferruginous on the inner webs, which are tranfverfely barred with black; the ends nearly black : nape of the neck blotched with white, as in the Sparrow Hawk: the tail-coverts are tipped with white: the tail brown, even at the end, and banded with black j the bands five in number : the wings reach to near the end of the tail : the throat and breaft like the upper parts, but paler j the margins of the feathers very pale : the belly ferruginous brown, barred with white : thighs the fame, but paler: vent white : legs yellow and ftout : claws black. Suppofed to inhabit JavOt as the above bird flew on board a fhip ofT that ifland. 3 Accipiter -^ i ^-K. -f A L C O N. SI *"^ Accipiter ferox, N. C. be.fc. Petrop. vol. xv. t. lo. p> 442. ^HIS bird is very little inferior in fizc to the former. The bill is lead- colour: cere green: irides yellow: eyelids and pupil blue : over the eyes are long, black, ftiff hairs : the upper parts are {ferruginous brown : the crown and hind head have a little mixture of white: the fore part of the iieck is ferruginous, with a mixture of white : the breaft and belly white, fpotted with chefnut: the quills are black on the upper fur- faec; within brown and white; beneath white; towards' the end grey: the wing-coverts are paler than the body, fpotted with, ferruginous forwards, and white behind : tail brown ; the fea- thers on the pofterior fide white, fafciated with four bands of deep brown : the rump is "Whitifli: legs white, thick, and rough: daws crooked. This bird is faid to be remarkably fierce ; will not touch dead animals ; was found frequent near the city of Jftracban, ih the winter of 1769. FIERCE E. DEscmrTiotfv Manrsrs. Vultur albiulla, i/w.Tij/?. i. p. lij.TI' 8. L'Aigle a queue blanche, Bri/. em. i. p. 427. N" 5. Le grand Pygargue, Buf. oif. i. p. 99.—/*/. ml, 411: Pygargus, Rait.fyn. p. 7. N* 5. 'Braun-fahle Adler, Fri/ch. t. 70. White*tailed Eagle, Will. orn. p. 61. Cinereous Eagle, Br, Zool. i. p. 170,'^. r8. CIZE of a Turkey : length two feet nitle inches. Bill of a pale yellow colour, ftrait at the bafe : cere and irides the fame : fpace between the eyes bare, and of a blueifli colour : the head . . F and CINEREOUS E. DESCRirTlON. t>r ti J4 F A L C O N. and neck pale afh-colour : body and wings cinereous, clouded with brown : iquills very dark : tail white : legs feathered a little way below the kneesj and of a bright yellow colour: claws black. PtAci. . Inhabits Europe, particularly Scotland and the Orknies. The male is of a darker colour than the female. On Mr. Pennant's authority, and juft reafons, we here place it with the Falcons, as the head and neck are both completely feathered. Indeed the ftraitnefs of the bill might lead Linnaeus to unite it with the Vul- tures i but he is the only one who has thought fit to rank it with that genus* •'1 \\\ PLAINTIVE £. DfSCRIPTION* Falco Plancus, J. F, Miller, tab. 17. Cook's Voy. vol. ii. p. 1 84, t. 32. T ENGTH twenty-five inches. Bill black : cere, and round the eyes, orange : crown of the head black ; the feathers Icngifli, forming a creft : the neck, and upper part of the body, the breaft, and upper part of the belly, are grey, ftriated with numerous undulated tranverfe black lines : between the legs black : vent grey brown, with undulated lines : wings brown j fome of the coverts white, barred with brown i the four outer quills black, the inner ones white, with dark bars : tail white, with numerous black bars j thf end, for more than an inch, black : legs bright yelfow : claws black, ^ Inhabits Terra del Fuego, \\ Black '.f i .-.I' |i)iwi|illVl(i'iiJiil9liu ' ' ' ■•TBP5;»WP^MIi"' ''•^^•fls^v'Ji "^l-JWinjIIBSJIWrwHlFP]^ . Pt Pss f ir 1^ ! GAjrup: (^ a?r, p. 205 — fawn-killing Eagle, Cbarl. onom. p. 63. N<»4. gl Z E of a large cock : length two feet two inches. Bill, cere, Descriptiok. and irides yellow: parts above, of a dull ruft-colourj be- neath, ferruginous, mixed with blackifh : head and neck afh- coloi red, inclining to chefnut : the tips of the feathers black- ifh : tail white : legs yellow and naked : claws black. Inhabits Europe.-^ M. Buffon thinks that this Eagle, the Bald, and the White-tailed Eagle, or V. Alhiulla o(Linnaus «, are varieties of the fame fpecies. The fpecimen in the Leverian Mufeum fomewhat differs from the above defcription, in having the head pale afh; the fhoulders the fame, but darker; and fome white about the eyes : alfo the outer webs of the tail, above half-way from the bafe, are brown; otherwife the tail is white. —This fpecimen faid to come from Jfrica, Le Jean le blanc, Brif. 1. p. 443. N" 11. ■ ^"f- »• ?• "<• t. 4.— P/. tnl. 413. Pygargus, Jehnft. av. p. 4. t. 2. 17' JEAiN LE BLANC. ^ H E bulk of this does not fall far fliort of that of the Black Descriptiok. Eagle : length two feet one inch. The colour of the bill • The Erne of Mr. Pennant. See Br. Zoel, N« 10 4S« IS ¥> FALCON. Female. Manners. is cinereous: the irides yellow: parts above grey- brown; be* neath white, fpotted with rufous brown : the outfides and tips ' of the tail-feathers are brown ; within white, tranifverfeiy ftreaked with brown : legs yellowiHi, naked : claws cine- reous. This bird is frequent in France, but fcarce ellcwhere ; and is faid to eat mice, rats, and frogs. The female is almoft wholly of a grey colour, having no white except on the rump ; and that • of a dirty colour. — Generally makes it's neft on I'ae ground, among heath, broom, furze, tff . j fometimes, though not often, upon pine and other high trees : lays generally three eggs, of a grey flate-colour. — This is a different bird from the Henharrier, thovgh by fome confounded with it. i8. NEW HOLLAND WHITE E. N.6. Description. Place. STATENLAND E. N.S. Deicriptk>k. Place. T £ N G T H twenty inches. Orbits of the leyes yellow : cere the fame : the whole body of a pure white : the legs are yellow : the hind claw double the length of the others. -Inhabits New Holland. — Communicated by Dr. G. R. Forjier *. T E N G T H twenty-five inches ; fize of the Plaintive E. N" 9. The cere is yellow : body brown : tail black : aid of the tail tipped with dirty yellowifh white. Inhabits Staten Land, Has a cry much like that of a hen, fo as to deceive one into the fuppofition at firft hearing. * I am much obliged by many hints and obfervations communicated to me by that gentleman, in the courfe of his voyage round the world. 3 I am •'3 FALCON. I am indebted likewife to the above-mentioned gentleman for this fhort account i and on his opinion I place it as a nev/ Ipecics. 4« L'Aigle du Brefil, Brif. orn. i. p. 44;. N" 12. Urubitinga, Buf. c-f i. p. 141.— J2«« Sjn. p. 8. N^p. — ■ IVill. ori. p. 64. J^RTSSO N fays it is as big as a goofe of half a year old. The bill is thick and black : cere yellowifli : eyes large : general colour brown : wings blackilh, mixed with cinereous : tail white for two-thirds of it's length, then black, with a white tip : the legs are naked, and yellow. This is an inhabitant oiBraftL 20. BRASIUAN £. Description. L'Aigle de Pondichery, Brif. orn. i. p. 4-0. N«i5. t. 35. ■ — — __» Buf. oif. i. p. 136. — — — Pl> enl. 416. zi. PONDlCHERRy fi. 'HIS bird, according to the drawing, muft be an handfome. DEscaiPTioff fpecies. In fize it equals the Jerfalcon. Length one foot feven inches. The bill is cinereous, with the tip yellow: cere blueiOi : colour of the body chefnut j the Ihaft of each feather blackifh : the head, neck, aijd breaft, are white, with a longi- tudinal brown line down the middle of each feather : the end- half of the fix firft prime quills is black: tail-feathers chefnut; the fix middle feathers a-e of a pale fulvous colour at the tip i the three others have narrow blackifh bands on the inner webs : legs lutcous : claws black, G This il 4« FALCON. This fpecies is found at Pondicbeny, in the Eajl Indies, It is held as a facred bird, and worlhipped in confequence, by the na- tives on the coaft of Malabar, ■■■ ? 1 1 22> BLACK-BACK- ED E. SiBCRIPTION. Black-backed Eagle, Brewn^s III. p. 4. t. t; ^ H I S is a large bird, faid to be of the fize of the Golden Eagle. The bill is black : cere yellow : head, hind part of the neck, belly, and wing coverts, are ferruginous : the fore part of the neck, breaft, back, and quills, are black : bafe of the tail, to the middle, is white; the end half black : legs yellow, covered, to the toes with ferruginous feathers: claws black. From whence it canr.e, unknown. t ■ 1 1 ,'! 2p WHITE- CROWNED E. DSSCRIFTION. Aquila leucorypha, Phllaj Voy, 2. p. 454, N*' 5. npHE fize is equal to an Ofprey^ and not much unlike that, bird; but the limbs are longer j it expands fix feet, and weighs nearly fix pounds. The bill is ftrait at the bafe : cere of a livid afli-colour: irides grey brown, with a black outer circle: the head is grey brown, with a triangular white fpot on the crown : throat white : fides of the head darker than the reft (as in the Ofprey) : the upper part of the body is of a clouded brown co- lour J the parts beneath, the fame, but paler : fccond coverts . have grey margins : quills very dark: tall longifli, even at the end, black at the tip, and white beneath; fome of the fide- feathers are dotted within with white: the legs are palej one thirdl 1 « FALCON. thirfl of the fliins covered with feathers : ckws large, black : no membrane between the toes. This bird frequents the more fouthern parts of the 'Jakk. 4J AquJla mogilnick, Nov. com. ac. Petr. vol. xv, t. 1 1. ^. •jpHE fize is not mentioned ; but by the name Eagky it cannot be very fmall. The bill is black : Cf re and fides of the bill luteous : eye-lids blue : iris lurid : head, neck, and back, of an obfcure ferruginous brown, here and there m^xcd with a little white : the pofterior and inferior fides of the quills fpotred with grey; the tips of the fourth, fifth, fixth, and fe^^enth, black; the reft undulated, with rufous tips : wings reach ' noft to the end of the tail : the under parts are the fame colou. is thofe above, but without any mixture of white : greater wing-coverts brown, with ferruginous tips ; lefTer coverts half brown half rufous : tail black, with grey bands j the tips rufous : the legs are fea> thered to the claws, like to thofe of fume kinds of owlsj they are of a luteous colour, with black claws. Inhabits Ruffia, along with N" 46, and often feen with it near RUSSIAN E. Descriftion'. ' H E length of this fpecies is twenty-one inches j breadth ^QUlNrcTlAL three feet and a half. The bill is of a pale colour, with a li- black tip : the head, neck as far as the breaft, and the upper part of the body, dark brown, inclining to black : fcapulars and wing^coverts cliQcolate brown; the bafe and margin of each fea- G 2 thcr N. S. DEstRirrioif, 'IJ )• 44 Ij 11 ! i.'il « I ii I' I 'J ■ Plack. FALCON. btth t"f °"; r '""^ '^"' ' °"^ ^'^^^^ °^ ^^^ '^•ddl^ part of S = .:is:"r ?:r r..i s-r "- quills are wholly black ■ r h, ,„• ^^ '^ P"™ /k. 1, n. ■ 7 ■ "^'"SS reach to one third of the tail • the breaft ,s rufous , on each feather are four tranfverfe ftrip of Wwn; under the wings the fame, but paler; as are tlfeXl^ and under ta,l-coverts : the tall itfclf almoft black; th two ™ddle feathers plain; the others, about the midi have In oblKiue wh,te mark on each f.de of the ftaft, beginn n^aTt e a 1 of them touching the Ihaft, but in fome „o° quit "eLlin" hen,,,g,„, ,^„j ^^^„ the tail-feathers tipped with w,e° the legs are yellow : claws pale. ' This was received with fome other birds from C-7v.«„ =n^ • to Its leg, had the name of << Le pagani roux, ou V Aide a tlum... be found .any new fpecimens oi ^orlf^^^^^^^ '' '" ^^^'^^ -"' prefervatio. ; and which will be nZ,dt IIT T' ^"''' " ''^'^''■ Aeets. ^'*^*'* "" ^''«^'' PJa« in the following ■ Faico I i n FALCON. 45 Falco haliactuj. Ltn.SyJl. p. 129. N» 26. 4- OSPREY. L'Aigle df Mer. En/ orn. i. p. 440. t. 34. N» 10. Le Bnlbuzard, liuf. oij. i. p. 1 03. t. 2.— PI. enl. 414. Mor,,hn"s, Ruii ayn. p. 7. N" 6. Bald Buzzard, If'tll. orn p. 69. t. 6. Ofprey, ^r. Zoo', i. p. 17+. — Fl Scot. i. t. I. Br. MuJ. Levi Muf. 'HE length is one foot eleven inches. The bill is black: cere Descrution. blae: ins yt How : moll of the feathers on the head are brown, with white margins : hind head, throat, and neck, white, with Very little mixture of brown : on each fide of the neck, be- ginning from beneath the eye, is a band of brown, reaching al- moft to the Ihoulders : the body is brown above, and white be- neath : tail-feathers tranfverfely barred with white on the inner webs J the two middle ones plain brown : legs naked, fhort, ftrong, and of a blueifh afh- colour : claws remarkably long,, hooked, and black : bottoms of the feet blueifh. This bird inhabits Europe ; chiefly in places near the water, as it's prey is fifh, which it plunges after into the water with great rapidity, feldom mifllng it's aim ; and, bringing them up in it's talons, retires to a fmall diftance to feaft on them. It alfo preys- on ducks i but all authors agree that it is fondeft of fifh. I fliall take the liberty here to remark an error that Linnaeus' has fallen into, from old authors who have mentioned it before him, viz. that the left foot is fiihpalmated. — This, I can alTure. the reader, has not the leafl foundation in truth *. Le •I do not believe that there is either bird or quadruped, in which each fide- of the body does not correfpond. in fize and ftiape, in a natural Hate, though the Place and Manners. I 4^ F A L CON. 25. ^ Var. A. CAROLINA O. DESCRIPTION. " ^ '^' *• '• P- 362. N" If. HE difFerence between ^k- . "" in this rpeC: ^'ir;:;]^ r '^ -- --'•' ^-.e »he contrary i3 f„„,eti,„,^ feen • , . -^ ^ ^^^ ^"^ 0>^. to winged infeftfi ;» ;. ur Z""^*:'/ larger than one of fli« i- . * "Cwkroacl. g.„„,, which, I briil'T"""""" <'"»«»■."= of .h,B,a,c.l f ". "*"" "P"". and .he o.h„ „i,h 't ' "• ^ «""S-"fc. is marW wi,h permanent d,ilindlio„, of fpecies. ' ^^ "° ^^^"^ ^^ be Tc: down for This FALCON. 47 This Inhabits Carolina, and other parts of North America and the Weft Indies. — The two numbers of Brijfon^ above quoted, are clearly one and the fanie bird. CIZE of the Ofprey. Length twenty-fix inches : breadth five feet two inches. Bill black: cere obfcure : general colour of the bird a dark rufty brown. A white line pafles from the upper mandible, over each eye, to the hind he. id, which, with the nape, is white alfo t crown of the head brown and white, mixed : from the chin quite to the vent, it is white •. under the eye, and down each fide of the neck, pafles a llripe of brown, in the fame manner as in the Ofprey : the two middle feathers of the tail are plain brown, the others barred brown and white ; the two outmoft are marked on both fides of the fliaft, but the reft on the inner webs only j the tips of all of them are white : the legs are fliort, flirong, and chagrined beneath the feet ; the co- lour yellowifli: claws very large, ftrong, hooked, and blick. This bird came from Cayenne, and is in the coUetlion of Mifs Blomefield. — It appears to me clearly, to be a variety of the Of- prey ; having every appearance of that bird at firfl: fight : which proves the Ofprey to be a bird common to every climate. 26. Var.B. N S. CAYi NNE O. Descmption. LeFaucon des Antilles, Bri/. crn. i. p. 361. N» 13. Mansfeny, Buf. oij. i. p 144. Mansfeny, Hijl. des Antill. ii. p. 252. — Rati Syn. p. 19. N" I.. 'J'TI I S has the fliape and plumage of an Eagle ; difTering only jj in fize i being not much bigger than a Falcon. In colour it 27-. MANSFENV. ESCRIPTION. 4l Pl^CE. FALCON. it is wholly brown; but has leg^ and claws of twice the fize of a Falcon. This bird is found in the Jnti/kSy or CarMee IJlands. It's food chiefly confifts of fmall birds, fnakes, and lizards. |j^ ,jl' I' 2S. 4-COMMON Faico buteo, Lin. Syft. i. p. 127. N* 15. BUZZARD. Scop. Jinn. i. p. 15. N'»4. La Bufc, Bnf. orn. i. p. 406, iM<' 32. Buf oif. i. p. 206. t. 8.— P/. enl. 419. Buteo \u;!gar is. Rait Syn. p. 16. Common Buzzard, Will em. p. jo.—jllbin. i. t. i. Buzzard, ^r. Zotl. i. p. 183. N- 54. t. 25. —Am. Zool. N<» 4 iff. Mu/. Description. JT is bigger than a Kite in the body: length one foot eight inches. Bill lead-colour: cere luteouc : irides dark : the body is ferruginous brown above ; beneath pale, varied with brown : tail above brown, barred with darker brown ; beneath greyilh, ard tipped with rufous white : legs luteous : claws black. This is the common Buzzard of all authors, and is a bird known by every one. It's food is various ; eating birds, fmall quadrupeds, reptiles, and infeds. It is very fubjedl to vary in difl^erent fpecimens ; fcarcely two being alike. U FALCON. 49 Le Gros Bufard, Brif. orn. i. p. 398. N" 28. Huner-habigt ; Huner-Geyer. Frifch. t. 72. CIZE of our Buzzard : length one foot eleven inches. The bill is black : the cere yellow : irides fafFron-colour : above the feathers are brown, with rufous edges ; beneath rufous, with oval brown fpots j in fome unfpotted : under tail-coverts plain ru- fous : tail brown, with broad bars of deeper brown : legs yel- low : claws black. 29. GREATER BUZZARD. Description. Le Bufard varie, Brif. orn. i. p. 400. N* 28. A. Var. a. SPOTTED B. A TRIFLE lefs than the preceding, being in length only one Description. foot eight inches. It differs from it in having the wings more variegated j the upper wing-coverts being fpotted with afli-colour j the leffer quills, from the middle to near the end, are white j the end itfelf blackifli : on each of thefe feathers is a blackifli fpot on the outer webs, which, when the wing is clofed, form a tranfverfe blackilh band. This is a variety only of the laft-mentioned. 30' 4- CREAM- CIZE of a Buzzard : length twenty Inches. Bill black : cere ^^^ ^URED yellow: iris the fame: general colour a dark cream, or N. S. brownifl\ buff; paleft on the under parts : crown of the head Dbscriptiow. plain : the feathers on the back have the middle and the fliafts brown : greater wing-coverts obfcurely barred with brown : H greater / ff t •i ■if; III ■w .in ■ il I! 50 Placi. FALCON, greater quills very dark cream-colour, verging to brown; the fliafts very pale : the belly and fides are dafhed with perpendicular blotches of brown, but irre.<>ularly : the thighs are of a pale butf white, with narrow bars of pale brown : between the legs and the vent the fame, but without bars : tall rather Ihortcr than in the common Buzzard; of the fame colour with the back; at firft fight appearing of a plain colour, but on clofe infpe6tion leverai narrow bars of a fome\\ hat darker colour may be per- ceived : the legs are fliort, Ilout, and of a yellow colour : claws black. This beautiful fpecimen was fent to me from Jamaica by an intelligent friend, and a good naturalifl:, who did not hint the lead of it's being a variety, of the common Buzzard, which I fhould otherwife have fufpeded; but remarked that it was fcarce in that ifland. if . 31. AMERICAN fi. N. S. Lev. Mu/i CIZE of our Buzzard, or, if any thing, rather bigger. Tlic bill is black :, cere pale yellow: on the upper parts the co- lour is brown : the feathers on the back have pale edges : the chin is white, lightly dallied with brown : fore part of the neck and bread are of a paler brown than the back, and a trifle mot- tled : the belly is white ; each feather lias the fliaft brown, which fpreads out into a lozenge-fliaped mark as it advances to the tip, not unlike a fpear with the head downwards : the vent is plain white : the quills are dulky : tail of a plain ferruginous colour, . W FALCON. colour, with the bafe inclining to white, and a narrow band of black near the end : legs pale yellow : claws black. Tliiy rird came fronn North AmericOy and is in the Leverian Mtifeum, 5« Le Bufard roux, Brif. orn. i. p. 404. N" 30. La Harpaye, Baf. oif. i. p. zX'j.—'Pl. enl. 460. Fifchgcyer j Brandgeycr, Frifch. t. 78. CIZE of the female Gofliawk : length one foot eight inches. The bill is black : iris faffron-colour : general colour of the plumage rufous ; but the back, fcapulars, greater coverts, and rump, incline to brown : where the parts are rufous, each feather has a longitudinal ftripe of brown down the middle of each feather. Thighs plain rufous : tail afli-colour : the greater quills are black, the lefler ones afli-colour j except the three which are next to the body, which are brown : the legs are yel- low : claws black. This fpecies is frequent in the low places, and banks of rivers -and ponds, both in France and Germany. Preys often on fifh, which it takes alive out of the water. Frifch fays, that it is en- dowed with a very quick fight, more fo than any other rapa- cious bird. 3*- Harpy Description. H 2 Faico 'i- W' J 5i FALCON. I $ \ ii i ir; J , Mi +. HONEY B. DfSCRlPTlON* Falco apivorus, Lin, fyji. i. p. 1 30. N" 38. La Bondree, Brif. orn. i. p. 410. N" 33. - — — Buf. Off. i. p. 208. — PI. enl. 420. Buteo apivorus, Raiijyn. p. 16. N" 2. Honey Buzzard, JVill. orn. p. 72, t. 3. — jtlbin. i. t. a. ■ Br. Zool. i. N° 26. 'T'HE length is twenty-three inches: weight thirty ounces. Bill and cere black. : irides golden yellow : head afli-co- loured: neck, back, fcapulars, and wing-coverts, deep brown: the chin nearly white, or very pale yellow, ftreaked with nar- row lines of brown : fore part of the neck rufous brown : breaft and belly barred with tranfverfe regular bars of rufous brown and white, each feather being white, with two bars upon it : tail of a dull brown colour, with a bar of darker brown near the end, and another in the middle. The legs are fhort, llout, and of a dull yellow : claws black. This description is from a fpecimen of my own, but whether male or female I never knew. In the Br. Zoolo^yy the chin, bread, and belly are white j the two laft marked with dufl^y fpots, pointing downwards j and three duflcy bars on the tail. Limt.eus remarks, that the tail has only one cinereous band^ and the rip is wliite. Brijfcn obferves, that the fide tail-feathers are banded with *'hite on the inner webs, and are l])otted with brown. Jll'in's fpecimen had no bars on tlie tail.. a I', mention: FALCON. I mention the above, to fhew how much thefe birds differ. This fpecies, I believe, is not fo common in England as the other Buzzards j at leaft, with all my attention, I never procured but one frelh fpecimen, from whence the above defcription was taken. Willughhy fays that it feeds on Wafp-MnggotSy as well as on Frogs and Lizards i perhaps on tht Larva of Bees alfo, whence the name.. S3 Faico seruginofus, Lin.fyfi. p. 130. N* 29. 34: Le Bufard de marais, Brif. orn. i. p. 401. N° 29, "** l^^OR Le Bufard, Buf. aif. i. p. 218. t. 10. — — PI. tnl. 423 } 424. Schwartz-braune fifch-geyer, Fri/ch. t. jj. Milvus aeruginofus, Raii/yn. p. 17. N'^ A. 4. More Buzzard, Will. orn. p. 75, t. 7. Moor Buzzard, Br. Zool. i. N" 57, t. 27. Lev. Muf. T^HE length of this bird is twenty-one inches: weight twenty Descrittion. ounces. The bill is black : cere and irides yellow : colour of the whole bird a chocolate brown, with a tinge of ferruginous: the legs are long and flcnder. According to LimicetiSy the throat, crown of the head, flioulders, and legs, are lutcous. Mr. Pennant obferves, that the luteous marks which Linnu^its gives as chara6teriftics of the fpecies, are by no means fo, being varieties only of the common one, which is wholly of a rully chocolate brown, with a ycllowifli fpot on the head. Even this is by no means always the cafe, fincc 1 have now by me a fpecimen, which is chocolate brown throughout, with- out 54 FALCON. out the leafl: appearance of liiteous on the head, nor on any other part. This was fhot in Kent. It preys on Rabbits, young Wild Ducks*, and other water- fowl, as well as fifh. , 34- Var. a. BAY-FALCON, Falco fpadiceus, or Chocolate Falcon, Phil, Tranf. vol. Ixii. p. 281. Chocolate Falcon, Forji. Amer. Cat. p. 9. Bay Falcon, Am. Zool. N" i f i Description. 'T' H I S appears to be a variety of the Moor Buzzard. Mr. Forjiery wlio defcribes it in the Phii. Trmtf. above quoted, fays, that it is very like the Moor Buzzard, only being lefs, and in wanting the light fpot on the head, ^lercy Is not this my plain variety ? 34- Var. B. WHITE- RUMPED BAY F. "DILL black : cere yellow : general colour ferruginous, with a tinge of brown : cheeks and round the eyes darkeft : rump white: the two middle tail-feathers of a deep afh-colour; the others of the fame colour with the body; all of them barred with four bars of very dark brown : the tips dufl< I ■ t ' . 1 ']j .IP- GOSHAWK DlSCRIPTION. Faico p.ilumbarius, Lin fyji. i. p. 130. N" 30. L'Autour, Brif. cm. i. p. 317. N° 3. — Buf. oij. i. p. 230. t. 12.— F/. tnl. 418, 461. Grofle gefpcrberte falck ; grofle gepfeJlte falclc, Frifch. t. 81, 8a. Accipiter palumbarius. Rait fyn. p. 18. N" 1. Gofliawk, /////. orn. p. 85. t. 3, 5.— .ffr. Zool. i. N" 52. ' Amer. Zool. N» .ffr. Muf. Lev. Muf. ' T ENGTH one foot ten inches and a quarter: in fize it is larger, but more flender in fliape, than the common Buzzard, The bill is blue, with a black tip : cere yellowith green : iris yellow : over the eye is a line of white: on the fide of the neck is a bed of broken white : head and parts above deep brown ; breaft and belly marked with numerous tranfverfe black and white bars: tail afh-coloured, long, with four or five dufky bars : legs yellow : claws black. Willughby obferves, that " the thighs are covered over with reddifh feathers, having a black line in the middle down the fhaft :" alfo " in each feather of the breaft there is a black circular line near the top, running parallel to the edges of the feather, and in fome alfo the fhaft and middle part of the feather is black." This fpecies was formerly held in great cfteem for the fport of falconry, being ufed not only to Partridge and Pheafant, but alfo greater fowl, as Geefe and Cranes, and fometimes for Rabbets. Indeed, moft of the Hawks may be trained up for this purpofe, though fome are infinitely more docile than others. The ^J FALCON, 59 The Go/hawk Is not, I bv'^lievc, very common in England, but in Scotland is frequent, where it breeds, and is very deftrudlivc to game. It is found alfo in North America. Petit autour de Cayenne, Buf. oif, i. p. 237. — — — — — PI, tnl, 473. 40. cayennf: F. ^TpHE bill of this bird is blue: the iris orange : the head and Description. neclc behind blueifh white : back and wings dark afli : the under parts from the throat to the vent are nearly white : prime quills black ; fecond quills barred with black : on the tail are four or five alternate bars of black and white; the black ones by much the broadeft : tip white : legs fliort, and of a blue colour : claws black. Inhabits Cayenne, Accipiter macrourus, A^. C. Ac, Petr. 15. t. 8, 9. 'T'HIS is nearly of the fize of the Lanner, being in length one foot feven inches, in breadth nearly two feet. The bill is black, at the oafe green : cere luteous : noftrils oval, half co- vered with black ftiff briftles : eyelids and irides of a fafFron- colour: parts above cinereous, inclining to reddifh on the back; beneath quite white, with a tinge of afh-colour on the upper part of the neck : tail rounded, very long, of itfelf meafuring nearly eight inches and three quarters ; in colour it is whitiih, and croffed with alternate bands of deeper and paler brown ; the I 2 two LONG- TAILED F. Descriftiok. 6o Female. Place. FALCON. two middle feathers plain : legs yellow : claws black, hooked, and fharp. The female is brown above, the feathers edged with chefnut ; mod fo oil the head : beneath, inclining to yellow : quills deep brown, with whitifh tips : tail brown ; the four middle feathers cranfverfely marked with deeper brown ; the others marked with broad interrupted fafciasj the tip of the outer one fpotted with black : all of them have ferruginous tips. This bird inhabits Ruffia ; where it is called Lun. V. IM yi ■ill 42. SWALLOW- TAILED F. DSSCRIPTION. Ma: .vRa, Falco furcatus, Lin. Syji. i. p. 129, N" 25. Le Milan de la Caroline, BriJ.om. i. p. 4.i8> N^ 36. ■■' ' Buf. oi/, p. 221. Falco Peruvianus, cauda furcata, Klein, av. p. 51. N'^ 14. Swallow-tailed Hawk, Catef. Car. i. t, 4. jim.Zoc/. N" Liv. Muf» 'IP HIS is a mofl elegant fpecies : in fize it yields to the European Kite. Length two {*ttx.. The bill is black : cere obfcure : irides red : the body above is of a fine deep purplifh brown, inclining to black : the rump and upper tail- coverts more inclining to green than the other parts : quills and tail very deep purple, inclining to green : the head, neck, breaft, belly, and fides, the thighs, and under tail-coverts, are all pure white : the tail is very long, being alone thirteen inches, and is very forked j the two outer feathers exceed the middle ones in length by eight inches. This bird inhabits Carolina In the fummer month*' i where it 3 i» •«JU FALCON. 6i !s called Snake-hawk ; though it lives chiefly on infers, 'Thioh it is faid to pick from the tree while flying. M. de Bufon fays that this bird more properly is a native of Peruy as it retires there on the leaft approach of cold weather. Faico milvus, Lin. Syji. i. p. 126. N° 12. Le Milan royal, i^r-./. orn, x. p. 414. N'' 35. t. 33. . Buf. aif. i. p. 197. t. -J, — PI. *nL 422. Milvus, Rati Syn. p. 17. N° A. 6. Kite, or dead. Will. orn. p, 74. t. 6. Kite, Br. Zool. N'' 53. Br. Mu/, Lev. Muf. 'y H E length of this fpecies is two feet. It has a brownifli bill : the cere is yellow: and the irides of a ftraw-colour: the feathers on the head and neck, are long and narrow, of a hoary- colour, with a daih of brown down the middle : the body is fer- ruginous : the middle of each feather above is dark, and the mar- gins pale; beneath likewife the feathers have a ftreak down the fliafts : quills blackifh t the tail is twelve inches in length, and forked; by which the bird is at once diftinguifhed from all others : legs yellow : claws black. This bird is veiy common in England^ where it continues the whole year : it lays two or three eggs, which are roundifli, and of a whitilh colour, fpotted with dirty yellow. It is not peculiar to England. Linna:us mentiona it as a bird of Swed^'n ; and, ac- cording to voyagers, is found as far as Guinea * and i]encgal-\-. • Bo/man Voy. de Guinet, p. 378. t Hill, dcs Voy. Prtvtpt vol. iii. p. 306. rf^ Tff, Descriftiok. Plac^ ANa MANNEKSt thougli 6t FALCON. though perhaps it may a Httle differ from climate. — I do not find it to be in any part of the American continent. i .:( tx. BLACK KITE. Description. Difference. 45* AUSIRIAN KITE. Description. Le Milan noir, Bri/. orn. i. p. 413. N" 34. — Buf. eif. i. p. 203. — PI. enl. 472. Braunermald-Geyer, Kram. Elen. p. 326. N" 5 ? Black Gled. Sibb. Scot, illuji. P. 2. lib. 3. p. 15. HP HIS fpecies is faid to be lefs than the common Kite. Bill and cere the faiTie : the parts above are of a very dark brown colour, inclining to black : the head, breaft, and under parts arc whitifli : greater quills black : legs yellow and flender : claws black. It is diftinguifhed from the common Kite, ift. By it's fizc being lefsj idly, By it's being of a very dark colour j and, 3dly, In having the tail-feathers nearly even at the end, or at leaft very little forked. I much fufpeft this to be the fame with that in Kramer t above quoted i but as he gives no fynonyms, I cannot be quite certain. Brauner-Geycr ; Brauner Milon, Kram. Elen. 327. N" 6. TT is about the fame fize with the Kite. The bill is yellow, with a black tip : cere, and angles of the mouth, yellow ; irides black : palate of the mouth blue : forehead and throat whitifli, fpottcd with brown : head, neck, back, breaft, and wings, chefnut; tlie fliafts of the feathers black : belly and rump tcflaceous brown, obfcurely fpotted with brown: the prime quills 9 arc I 1 |: i j FALCON. «3 H. are blackiih ; the fecondaries tipped with white : tail very little, if at all, forked, crofTed with feveral blackifli bands : tips of the feathers white : the legs are yellow, feathered to the middle : clavvs black. This bird, according to .K'rrtw^r, inhabits Aujlria-y lives chiefly in woods i and feeds on birds and dormice. I 1 ■ if? Accipiter Korfchun, A''. C. Jc> Pttr. vol. xv. t. 1 1. a. 46. RUSSIAN KITE. 'T'HIS is fo much like a Kite, as almoft to pafs for a mere Description. variety of that bird. The length is twenty-one inches and an half. The bill lead- colour : cere green : noftrils covered with briftles : the head, upper part of the neck, and the throat, are of an elegant chefnut : region of the eyes white : fides of the head pale brown, as is all the reft of the body : the quills are vinaceous at the tips : tail the fame : legs luteous and wrinkled : claws black. — Inhabits Ruffia. This is faid to be a folitary bird, feeding on fmall birds and mice» Often feen at TanaiUy near the city oiTfcbercaJk, Le Bufard du Brefil, Brif, em. i. p. 405. N" 31. Caracara, Buf. oif. i. p. 222. Milvus Brafilienfis, Rati Syn. p. 17. N" 6. Bialilian Kite, called Caracaia, H^iU. ortt. p. 76. t. 9. 47- BRASJLfAN KITE. CIZE of a Kite. Bill black: iridcs gold-colour: round the Dbscription^ eyes yellow: general colour rufous, fpotted with white and yellow : wings reach to near the end of the tail : legs yellow : claws. ^;1 . 64 FALCON. ' '\ claws black : the tail is nine inches in length, the colour while and brown mixed ; but whether it is forked or no, is not meai- tioned. Some of thefe birds have a white breaft and belly. This fpecies inhabits Brafil, and is a great enemy to poultry. I I n, (ft i 'il |;i' 4.8. GENTit FALCON. DBsaniPTioif. Falco gentilis, Lin. Syft. \. p. 126. N° 13. ■■ Scop, jinn. i. p. ij. Le Faucon gentil, Bri/. ern. i. p. 339. N° 5. Falco gentilis, /'. /. nobilis didlus. Rait Syn. p. 13. N" 5. Falcon gentle. Will, ern, p. "j^.—Jlhin. ii. t. 6. Gentii Falcon, Br. Zoel. N"» 50. t. zi, ii,—Jm. Zool, N» Lev, Muf, T F we compare the fize of this bird with that of a Golhawk, it will be found to exceed it. The bill is lead-colour : cere yellow: irides bright yellow: head inclining to ferruginous, with oblong black fpots : the upper part of the body and the wings are brown j each feather of the laft tipped with ferrugi- nous : the quills are dufky, barred on the outer webs with black i the lower parts of the inner webs marked with white: wings reach to the middle of the tail : the tail itfelf banded * with black and cinereous alternate, and tipped with white: legs fhort and yellow : claws black. M. de Buffon f is of opinion, that this bird is the fame with the common Falcon, or next fpecies, and called Gentii when in full feather. — It is certain that they differ much in dif- * Scepoli fays, the bands are four in number, t Duf, tif, vol. i. p. 258. ferent ^ I s FALCON. ferent periods of life ; as may be &ea in the two plates in Briiijh Zoologyy above quoted. The following lift of Falcons will appear numcrouSj and are by fome accounted varieties only. — This circumftance I can by no means afcertain j and will therefore follow Brijfon's ca- talogue of them, leaving the reader to judge for himfelf. U ■m LeFaucon, Bri/, em. i. p. 321. N'4. ————— Buf. oif. i. p. 7.49. Schwartz braune Falck, Fri/ch. t. 74. 49* COMMON FALCON. H E common fize is that of a middling Hen : the length Description. about eighteen inches. The general colour brown : the fea- thers with rufous edges : tail brown, tranfverfely banded with deeper brown. From this are faid to fpring the following varieties ; Le Faucon fors, Brif. orn. i. p. 324. ————— Buf. oif. i. t. i^,'—Pi, enl. 470, 'J^ HIS inclines to aih-colour, and is the voung of the laft. VAt. A. YEARLING F. 'H t i ai: ! 66 mm FALCON. 1^ (*'i aiw , I I if )?! H Var. B. HAGGARD F. 49« Var. C. WHITE- HEADED F. DiscRimoN. Le Faucon haggard, ou BofTu, £ri/. em, i. p. 324, —_ jju^, oiyi i. t, 16.— PL tnl. 471. Falco gibbofus, J?er dulky the back dulky, fpotted and mar- gined with white; >uter webs of the quill-feathers are dulky, mottled with reddilh white ; th*^ inner webs dulky alfo, barred with white : tail a little rounded; each feather marked with four- teen or more bars of dufky and white j each colour oppofing the other on different fides of the fhaft : the wings reach to the end of the tail, excepting one inch : the neck, breaft, and belly, are white, with oblong dark fpots, pointing downwards i on the belly the marks are dufky, and of different fliapes : the thighs are whii.^, tranfverfely barred with brown : the legs are yellow : claws hlack -, the hind one very long. 3 Thefe, 50. Var. B. SPOTTED ICELAND F. Description. ,.^... IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I Hi 125 ■ 2.2 Ui Its 12.0 iiir-2^ 1'-^ -^ ^ 6" ► Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WkSi M. (.V 5TlliET WEBSTER, N.Y. MStO (716)B72-4S03 '■ 6^ iMfma i 1 1 i 1 I 1 1 ' if* ; ^ i i 1 t' * 1 N;^'' I !v,i 72 FALCON. Place. Thefe, as well as feveral other fpecies of Falcons, inhabit Iceland*, The King q( Denmark is faid to fend there annually, to buy all up that can be procured j and for that purpofe has efta- blilhed a Falcon houfe at Bejfejiedt to which the Icelanders bring them as foon as taken. The white ones are in moft efteem : they allow fifteen rixdollars f for one of thefe ; ten, for one that is nearly white j and for the fort laft defcribed, only feven ; with a prefent befides, to each Falcon-catcher, by way of encou- ragement. I fuppofe that thefe Falcons are very docile, as they catch them in nets, at any fize or age. On the contrary, many of the forts ufed in falconry are obliged to be taught very young, or they never will be under command. •I BARBARY PfSCRIPTION. Falco barbarus, Lin./yft. i. p. 125. N" 8. Le Faucon de Barbarie, Brif. ern. i. p. 343. 6. A. Falco tunAanus, Raiifjn, p. 14. N°9. Tunis, or Barbary Falcon, Will, orn, p. 81. Falcon from Barbary, Jib, v. iii. p. i. t. 2. T? O R fize and colour this bird refembles the Lanner. The length is feventeen inches. The bill is black : cere luteous : irides yellow: the plumage above is of a blueilh afli- colour, fpotted with black : on the wings are few or no fpots: the bread is of a yellowifh white, with a blue tinge : on the lower part of the belly are longifli black fpots : the quills are black, with the outer edges white: the wings reach almoft to the end of the 10 • Horrebo'w' s H'tftory of Iceland, p. 58. f Mr. Brunnicl/ fays, feventeen rixdollars. tail: '11 1 ■fc^'j ' ! ,' '% FALCON. tail : the'feathers of the tail are blueiflx afh-colour, with {even tranfverfe brown bands. Linnaus makes this a diftind fpecies. Brijfon makes it a variety of the Peregrine Falcon, or next fpecies. It inhabits Barbary, 73 PEREGRINE F. Lc Faucon pelerin, Brif. em. !. p. 341. N* 6. . Buf. ei/. i. p. 249. et fuiv* Falco peregrinus. Rati Sym. p. 13. N** i. Peregrine, or haggard Falcon, ^/V7. or«. p. 76. t. 8. Peregrine Falcon, Br. Zeol. N^ 48. t. 20. Ltv, Muf, OIZE of the common Falcon. The bill is blueifh: cere Dbickiftion. and irides luteous (in fome duflcy) ; above, it is cinereous, with tranfverfe cinereous brown bands; beneath rufous white, croffed with tranfverfe blackifh bands : tail barred with alternate cinereous and blackifh bands, and tipped with white : legs yel- low : claws black. Mr. Pennant obferves, that the legs are fhort, and the toes very long ; alfo, that it is fubjeft to vary in the colour of it's plumage. Le Faucon de Tartaric, Brif, orn. i. p. 34$. ^2. Faucon de Tartaric ou Barbaric, Bil. Hift. du oiA p. 1 16. .- ^* * -^' ^ ^ TARTARIAN HIS differs in being a trifle bigger, and in having the r» Wings rufous above, and very long toes. M. Brijfon joins this with the two former, as varieties only. L M.deBuffon 7i FALCON, M. de Buffon * fays, tliat the laft-defcribed is the fame with the Haggard Falcon, or N" 50. Var. B. —This gentleman's remarks are not made without jufl: foundation, for the molt part; and we are forry that our plan, as a fynopjisy will not admit us to take them in oftener. All that need be faid on this fubjefl: is, that the variety of the Falcon-tribe is almoft endlefs, as well as the opinion of the different authors who treat on the fubjedb. I SPOTTED F. DSSCRIPTXON. Spotted Falcon, Br. Zee!. N° 5;. 1. 16. Lev. Muf, C I Z E of a Buzzard. Bill black : cere yellow : irides pale yellow : crown and hind part of the neck white, fpotted with light reddifh brown : back and fcapulars the fame, edged with white : quijls duflcy, barred with afh-colour : beneath, the neck, breaft» belly, and thighs are white : on the neck and bread are a few rufty fpots : rump white : tail barred with lighter and darker brown: middle feathers barred witi* white aiKl deep brown : the legs very ftrong. Mr, Pennant is the only one wh) has defcribed this bird. Two of them have been fhot at Lon^-.or, in Shropjhire. L • HiJI. dtt Oi/. X. p. 259. ?: Faloo % .1. , vlth the remarks . and we to take is, that 1 as the les pale ed with ed with le neck, eaft are :er and deep is bird. FALCON. Faico Norwregicus, Lttmiut ii Lapp. p. 236 f Graafalk, Aaa mdro/a, vol. tv. p. 417* t. 13 ? Falco lagopus, Brun, cm, ior. p. 4. N" 15. Rough'legged Falcon, Br. Zetl. app. t. i. Ltv. Muf, n^HE length is two feet two inches. Bill duflcy: cere yellow : head, neck, and breaft of a ycllowifli white, marked in fome parts with oblong brown ftrokes: the belly of a deep brown : thighs and legs of a pale yellow, marked with brown : fcapulars blotched with brown and yellowilh white : coverts of the wings brown, edged with rufl: : ends of the primaries deep brown; the lower parts white: the extreme half of the tail brown, tipt with dirty white ; that next the body white : leg§ covered with feathers as low as the feet : the feet yellow. This fpecies is a native of Denmark^ with the former. We owe this defcription and figure to Jl4r. Pennant. The fpecimen referred to was (hot near London, and is now in the Leveriam Mufeum, 7S ROUGH- LEGGED F. Descriftiok. Faloo Le Faueon p&tu, Bri/, tm* vi. app. p. 22. 1. 1. BOOTEW F. TT is from M. Briffon that we have defcribed this fpecies. He DsscRirTioir; fays that it is the fize of the Jerfalcon ; length one foot feven inches and a quarter. The bill Wackifh : cere and eyelids lu- teous : parts above blackilh-brown, with a tinge of violet, and variegated with dirty grey : beneath yellow brown, with longi- L 2 tudinal '.'1 k 76 ^! i: 56. ROUGH- FOOTED F. i 1 i i 1 i 1 ■ 1 i H^kiiii 1 j 1 1)11 1 57' PLACENTIA F. N. S. DESCRIPTION. FALCON, tudinal blackilh lines : head and upper part of the neck fulvous grey, with lines of the fame : over the eyes a black ftripe : tail brown i towards the end blackifhj tip grey, fpotted with whitilh on the fides : legs feathered to the toes, which are luteous : claws black. The above author fays that this bird is in the Mtifeum of Madame de Bandeville, but does not mention from what country. Rough-footed Falcon, Ftrft. Cat. N. A. p. 9. » I Am* Zeal, N» "f^O doubt but we (hall fee an illuflration of this fpecimen in the ^m. ZooL foon to be publilhed. Mr, Forfter mentions it as a new fpecies, it therefore cannot be the former. But it is not improbable th^t it may prove to be one of the following, which I defcribe fr^m Mr. Banks's drawings. T ENGTH (in the drawing) nineteen inches. Bill black : cere yellow : colour of the plumage dulky chocolate brown, in- clined to ferruginous : the feathers on the head and thighs the lighted: quills very dark: infide of the wings and tail cinereous white, the lafl not barred: the bread; is pretty dark; on it, here and there, are fome blotches of white, and on the belly fome cinereous ones : vent cinereous : the legs are feathered down to the toes : the feathers which cover the legs are daihed perpendicularly with brown : FALCON, brown: legs yellow: claws black.— Dcfcribed from a drawing at M'. Banks's. Inhabits Newfoundland. 77 gIZE (in the drawing) of the laft. Bill horn- colour, with a black tip : cere yellow : forehead, juft over the bill, white : the head and neck are ferruginous: the chin the fame, but a little mottled : the feathers on the upper parts of the body are deep brown, with light margins, fome of the margins nearly white : ridge of the wing white : thighs feathered down to the toes : the feathers arc ftriated with fome broad and fome narrow ftri« : bafe of the tail clay-coloured, and the reft of it rather light-coloured, barred with black } on fome of the feathers the bars do not crofs the webs tranfverfely, but in an oblique manner: legs yellow: claws black. This came from Newfoundland with the laft. 5«. ST. JOHN'S F, N. S. DlSCRIVTION. Le Sacre, Brif. orn. i. p. 337. 55. ' Buf. oif. i. p. 246. t. 14. SACRE. Falco facer, Raiifyn. p. 13. N<» 2. Sacre, Will. orn. p. 77. Ltv. Muf. ? glZE of the Jerfalcon. The bill of this bird is blue: eyes d«»cr,ptiok. black : back, breaft, and upper wing-coverts fpotted with brown : ■M H t\ ■■ I It N. I 59* Var. a. AMERICAN SACRE. F A L C O N* brown: thighs white on the infidc: tail fpotted with kidney- fliaped fpots : legs blue. AT. Brijfon places this among his variety of Falcons, and fays that it is a bird of paflage. M. de Buffon will have it to be a diftinft fpecies from any of the Falcon tribe, being more allied to the Lamer, Falco facer, Phil. Tr. vol. Ixiu p. 3^2. The Sacre« Jm. Zeol. N<> DiscRifTioK. T ENGTH twenty-two inches ; breadth three hcti weight two pounds and a half. Bill and cere blue: irides yellow: head whitifh, with longitudinal ftreaks of brown : throat white, fpotted with brown: parts above brown, the feathers fpotted and edged with ferruginous, the fpots not touching the fhafts : be- neath this bird is white, with longitudinal dark brown fpots: the quills are black brown i the margins and ends of the prime ones white, tranfverfely fpotted within with pale ferruginous: the lefTer quills marked with round fpots on the outfides. This bird inhabits North America^ and was fent from Severn Rivery Hudfon's Bay, where it is called Speckled Partridge Hawk. It is faid never to migrate, ^ere. Is this a variety of the laft, or a different fpecies ? 1 ' '■i i -"r-J- LENGTH h kidney- and fays om any of eight two yellow : at white, otted and afts : be- vn fpots: he prime uginous : :s. tn Severn e Hawk, the lail. >•! J FALCON. 6(p. 19 T ENGTH twenty inches. Bill pale a(h; tip black: cere yellow : iris deep yellow : parts above brown : nape ferru- ginous : back, wing coverts, and fcapulars, margined with a paler colour : cheeks inclining to afli-colour : beliy ferruginous, with irregular dark blotches: vent clay-coloured : thigh-feathers of a mottled afh-colour, with round dark fpots on the feathers ; the lower ones have four great blotches of the fame : tail barred of a deeper and lighter brown j four bars in all: legs ilrong, yellow, feathered halfway down : claws black. Inhabits Newfoundland, — Defcribed from a drawing in Mr, Banks'% collection. Le Faucon etmle, Brif er», i. p. 359. N" 11. Blue-footed Falcon, fTil/, trm, p. 82. chap. xi. near the end.- JUEWFOUNO. LAND F. N. S. DiicaimoK* 61. STARRr F. ^T^HIS is faid to be like the Peregrine Falcon in (ize and (hape, Desckiftioit^. but has Ihorter wings, and a longer tail. The general co- lour is blackifh, marked with fpots refembling ftars : beneath ic is black and white mixed : quills blackiHi ; legs blue. The iris is of the colour of gold. lNGTH OIZE of a Ringtail: length eighteen inches. Bill horn-colour: irides reddilh : parts above deep lead-colour : edges of the feathers very dark; the top of the head is darkeft; on the hind head a (light mixture of white: beneath ferruginous brown, 9 ' f- V ' * "With 62. - NORTHERN F. N. S. DiscairTioir^. -i-s; I, 80 lf^ Place. CRESTED INDIAN F. DBSCmPTIONt FALCON. with interrupted bars of white ; thefe bars are produced from each feather being of this ferruginous colour, with two or three (pots of white on each fide the fhaftt which lafl: itfelf is brown : the tail of a deep lead or alh-colour, cioifed with four bars of a ftill deeper colour, the outer feather is more inclined to brown than the others; the tips of all are white: between the dark bars, on the under part of the tail, the colour is nearly white ; the outer feather is neither barred above nor beneath on the outer web : the under tail-coverts plain white : the legs are pretty long, and of a yellowifh colour: claws brown. This was prefented to me as a native of North America^ I believe Hudfon's Bay. 1 cannot liken it to any one yet de- fcribed. Le Faucon hupe des Indes, Brl/. em. i. p. 360. N** 1 1, =< -~^Buf. 91/, i. p. 271, N» 4. Falcolndicus Cirrhatus, Raii/yn. p. 14. N*> 12. Crefted Indian Falcon, Will. orn. p. 8x. N** iz. CIZE of a Gofhawk nearly. The bill dark blue : cere luteous: irides yellow : parts above black : the top of the head is rather flat, and adorned with a forked creft, which hangs down- wards : parts beneath ftriated black and white : the neck is ful- vous i and the tail t'ranfverfely banded with black and alh-co- lour: the legs are luteous, and feathered to the toes: claws black. This inhabits the Eaft Indies, Crefted . a uced from or three is brown : ur bars of iclincd to n the dark riy white J 1 the outer ire pretty America, I i yet de- A FALCON. Crelled Falcon, Dillon*! Trav. through Spain, p. So. t. j. " ^pHIS curious bird," fays Mr. Dillon, " which is about the fize of a I uikey, raiftrs his feathers on his head in the form of a creft, and has a hooked bill ; the lower mandible ra- ther (trait : his back, wings, and throat are black j the belly white: the tail dillin';uifhed by four cinereous and parallel ftripes, and is an undefcript b^r I, not taken notice of by Unnaus*." Baron Dillon, in the plate referred to above, fays that his draught was taken from one of rhefe alive, at the menagerie at the royal palace o( Buen Retiro, at Madrid, in the year 1778. tl 64. CARACCA F. DCSCRIPTIOH. B« i "* M Ti luteous: head is js down- v c is ful- 'd afh-co- 1 : claws Crelled Black and White Indian Falcon, Pen. InJ. Zeol. t. i. T ENGTH fixteen inches: weight ten ounces. Bill black: irldes reddifli yellow : orbits fpeckled with white : head, neck, back, fcapulars, quills, and fome of the middle coverts of the wings, black j the reft of the wings, body, and tail, pure white : legs yellow : claws black. Inhabits Ceylon, and called by the Cingalefe, Kaloe koefo elgoya. In Ceylon Hawks of feveral kinds are trained for falconry, but whether this enters the lift is not certain. • In the colledlion of drawings at Sir A, Lever^s, there is one of this very bird, faid to be taken from the life, and moft likely from the very fubjeft; which difr:;rs not from M. Dilltn'i defcription, except in having the appearance of a white collar on the neck. The bill, both in M. Dillon's as well as Sir A. Lever'i drawing, appears to be remarkably hooked, and different from that of the Falcon genus. M BILL BLACK AND WHITE F. Descriptiom; Place. 1 r?' 1 \' '} h " ■' t If 1 i, i^ 'i i' ■ 1 1 .'1, .. I 1 : f ' 1 i ■ i »:-:3 1 , i! i' ■ 92 66. CEYLoNESE CRESTED F. N. S. DlSCRIPTlON. 67. GREY F. FALCON. T>ILL duflcy : cere yellow : colour wholly white as milk : on the head are two feathers hanging behind, like a pendent crell. This bird inhabits C^/tf» •.—Communicated by A&". Pennant: the fize not mentioned. Grey Falcon, £r. Zool. N** 49* DiscRirTioN. OiZE of a Raven. Bill fhort, ftrong, hooked, and of a blueifh colour : cere and edges of the eyelids yellow : irides red ; head fmall, flat, of a deep brown on the fore part, white be- hind : fides of the head and throat cream-coloured : belly white, with oblong black fpots: hind part of the neck, and the back, of a deep grey : wings reach beyond the end of the tail ; quill-fea- thers fpotted with white : tail long, wedge-fhaped, and fpotted ', the two middle feathers plain : legs long, naked, and yellow. This bird was fhot near Halifax^ in Torkjhirey in the year 1761. 68. BROWN JER. FALCON Descriptiok. Faico Jerfalco, Liu.Jytfl. 1. p. 130. N® i-j. — FauH./tue. p. 24. N" 64. 'T' H E cere is blue : the body brown, fafciatcd with cinereous beneath : the fide tail-feathers are white. It varies in having fometimes blue and fometimes yellow legs. It's prey are Cranes, Herons, and Pigeons, * If M. de Buffon'i rule holds good, which is, ihat every white bird of this genus is a variety, and not a di(lin£l fpecies, this may moft probably turn out a. variety of our Crtfitd Indian Falan, N" 63. — See Buf. oif. i. p. 73. 5 So FALCON. «3 ilk : on the It creft, ■. Pennant: So far from the Syftema Naturae. Linn<£Hs quotes fcvcral other authors, but none of them corrcfpond with his clefcription : indeed, the Fauna Suecicay which he mentions among the rcll, fays, that it has a dark cinereous back ; that the belly is of a light a(h, with tranfvcrfe fpots j that it is the fize of a cock, and infcfts dove-houfes. f a blueifh irides red : white bc- elly white, le back, of quill- fea- d fpotted i yellow. :ar 1761. N''64. I cinereous in having re Cranes, bird of this \y turn out 3- So Le Gerfault, Bri/. trn. i. p. 370. N* 19« t. 30* f. z. li^ii — I — Buf. ei/. i. p. 239. t. ij. WHITE JER- FALCON. ->— — PI. tnl. 215, 446, 462. Gyrfalco, Rmijyn. p. 13, N" 3. Gerfalcon, Will. orn. p. 78. N" 3. White Falcon, D". p. 80. N«> 7. Gyrfalcon, Br. Zoel. N" 47. Lrv, Muf, CiZE of a Gofhawk. Bill blue afh : tip blackifli : cere blue a(h : irides, and fkin round the eyes, blue : general colour white, fpotted with brown : legs of a pale blueifti afh-colour : claws lead-colour. . This, as Mr, Pennant obferves, is the Gyrfalco of all the or- nithologifts, except Linn^us. M. de Buffcn mentions three kinds of the Jerfalcon; the firft brown above, white beneath, fpotted with brown ; tail grey, with tranfverfe brown lines : the fecond differing very little from the firft : the third white. Whether Linnaus was fenfible of thefe varieties cannot be faid, as he does not mention one word about it : however, it is clear that he did not mean this white kind from his defcription, not- withftanding he might quote it in his fynonyms. Ma " • The DBscmrTioic. -■^■iiHUM-'it ( !••■ I 1 I! «4 FALCON. The fort above defcribed is found in Iceland^ and in other very cold climates. The fpecimen from which Mr. Pennant defcribed his, was fhot near Aberdeen. It inhabits the North of Scotland. 69. Var. a. ICELAND JER. FALCON. Dbscriftion. Le Gerfault d'Iflande, Bri/. ern. i. p. 373. t. 31. ^T'HE bird has luteous irides : it is brown above, fpotted with white on the back and wings : the lower part of the back, the rump, and upper tail-coverts, have bands of an hoary co- lour : the throat of a rufous white, as is the lower part of the neck, each feather longitudinally marked with brown : the parts beneath are white, fpotted with black: legs yellow. Inhabits Iceland with the lafl. f 70. SURINAM F. Falco Aifflator, Lin.fyft. i. p. 127. N* 17. Surinam Falcon, Bancroft N. Hiji. of Guiana, p. 153. Br. Muf. DEscRirrioN. J INNMUS defcribes this bird in the following manner: — The cere is yellow : noftrils furnifhed with a flefhy lobe between them : covering of the eyes bony * : body above brown j the • Oculorum eptreulis ojftis, I fuppofe he means that the opaque part of the ternea, fo called by anatomies (or white of the eye) is of a bony texture : if fo, it is by no means peculiar to this bird: it is of a very hard fubflance in mod of the genus, but remarkably fo in the Owl tribe, in which the eyes are large, tnd it is viTy confpicuous. feathers :^^k ' « WW> J « >'fWwJ« l t W i ! '- ' «g»#»» ^' ■ id in other fr. Pennant le Ar, when either angry or terrified. — This ought to be enquired into, as it muft arife from a ftrufture peculiar to this bird.— As to the diftenfion of the throat and breaft of the Poixiter- Pigeon, it arifes merely from the crof being filled with wind, and I believe has not any thing different in it's ftrufture from that of other Pigeons. To I ali ••(!l I M : 15 Variety. FALCON. To tliis fhort defcription I (hall add a further one, from a fpecimen in the fame colleftion as the laft. The length is fix- teen inches. On the wings, when clofed, is a large fpot of a buff-colour, croffed with flender flripes of brown ; this mark arifes from the greater quills, all of which, except the two firft, are buff-coloured in the middle: the under parts are whitifh, but on the breaft and belly many of the feathers have a dafh of brown, and fome few wholly brown : crown of the head dafhed with brown : thighs pale buff, obfoletely ftreaked with brown. This came from Cayenne. A paper fent with it, gave it the name of " Pagani gris tachele." Many marks, both in this and the laft Ipecies, coincide fulficiently to pronounce them the fame fpecies with thofe q( Linn^us referred toj and it is very probable that they may be either varieties, or perhaps differing in fex from thofe which he defer ibes. < 'i BROWN LANNER. Falco lanarius, Lin. Syft. i. p. 129. N** 24« Le Lanier, Brif. orn. i. p. 363. N° 16. ■ Buf. oif. i. p. 243. Lanarius, Raiifyn. p. 15. N° 13. Lanner, Will, orn. p. 82. N"^ 13. Lanneret, Alb. vol. ii. t. 7. Lanner, Br. Zool, N°5i. t. 23. Lev. Muf. Dmcriptiok. ^HIS is rather inferior In fize to the Buzzard. The bill is blue: cere pale greenilh blue: irides yellow: parts above brown, with paler edges : crown of the head brown, mixed with yellow clay-colour: over each eye is a broad white line paf- fing FALCON. «7 fing to the hind headj beneath it a black mark pointing downwards : throat white : bread tinged with dull yellow, marked with brown fpots pafling downwards : thighs and vent the fame : the quills are dufky, marked with oval ferruginous fpots on the inner webs : tail the fame: legs (hort, ftrong, and of a blueifh cad. Inhabits Europe; breeds in Ireland; one Ihot in a decoy in Ldncolnjhire. I believe it is far from common in England. .».\ Le Lani«r blanc, Brif. ortt. i. p. 367. N** 18. Lanarius, JUrvu. em. i. p. 380. Fig. in 181, 183 *. f\ V thefe Brijfon mentions two forts from Aldrovandus : the firft is one foot feven inches and a half long. Has the bill and claws black : cere and irides yellow : head, neck, bread, belly, fides, thighs, rump, and under tail-coverts, inclining to . brown : the quills, and the tail above, nearly black : under the tail pale grey : cere yellow : legs luteous. The fecond has the bill, &c. the fame with the other, but is two feet one inch in length. The head and back brown, mixed with grey: rump whitilh : upper wing-coverts and bread grey : belly, fides, thighs, and under tail-coverts, grey alfo, but marked with longitudinal ferruginous fpots : the three outfide tail-feathers are white, fpotted with pale ferruginous; the fourth on each fide, counting from the outfide, fpotted with black j the two middle ones are grey. Perhaps they are both varieties of the Brown Lanner. Brijfon does not mention their place. * Thcfe figures are not accurate. Faico 73- WHITE Descriptiok. Var. a. 5U I 3. S8 FALCON. rii u'n t : I 4- HEN HARRIER. Falco cyaneus, Lin. Syjt. i. p. 126. N® 10. Le Lanier cendre, Bri/. orn. i. p. 365. N*> 17. Le Faucon a Collier, D« i. p. 345. N" 7. //&^ »»a/*. L'oifeau St. Martin, Buf. oif. i. p. ziz.—P/. enl. 459. Grau weifle geyer, Fri/eb. t. 79, 80. " . , Blue Hawk, EJw. 5. t. 225. Hen Harrier, Br. Zoel. N" 58. t. 28. Ltv, Muf. Dbscriptiok* ^jpHE length is feventeen inches; width three feet three inches j weight twelve ounces. The bill is black : cere and irides yellow: edges of the eyelids the fame: general colour blue- grey : back of the head white, fpotted with pale brown : breaft, belly, and thighs, white ; on the firft, a few fmall duflcy ftrcaks : the two middle tail-feathers are grey \ the outer webs of the others are the fame, but the inner webs are white, barred with dufky : legs yellow, long, and flender : claws black. M. Salerne "■ has followed Mr, Ray j-, in fuppofing it to be the fame bird with the Jean le Blanc, N" 17 : but this cannot be; we have not the laft in England i befides, the Jean le Blanc is above two feet in length, and not much lefs in fize than the Black Eagle. • Qrn* tie Sahrne, p. 23. N" 5. t Rati Sjn, pt 17. N* 5. Falco F A L C 6 N. «9 Falco pygargas, £/». Syfi. i. p. 126. N* 11.' ■ Seep. aun. i. p. 14. Le Faucona Collier, Brif, om. i. p. 345. N* 7. the/tmale* La Soubufe, Buf. 0//I i. p. 215. t. 9. ————— Pi' tnl. ^i. the female. — 480. the male. Pygargus, Raii. Syn. p. 17. N» A. %.^Will, era. t. 7. Ringtail, /iT///. ern. p. 72. Ringtail, ^r. Zoel. N" 59. T ENGTH one foot feven inches and an half. The bill is pale: cere and irides yellow*: parts above dulky, beneath palilh, with oblong rufous, and in fome, dulky fpots : under the eyes is a whitilh fpot : from the hind head, on each fide, to the chin, pafles a kind of wreath in a circular manner; this is made up of ftifFer feathers than the reft, and of a lighter colour : the rump is white : tail longilh, barred with dulky, and tipped with white : beneath, the belly and breaft are of a yellowifti brown, with a caft of red, marked with oblong dufky fpots, but not always ; as Mr. Pennant obferves, that he has feen one of thefe which had the laft-named parts quite plain : the legs are long and yellow : claws black. Authors have never blundered more, than in making this bird the fame fpecies with the laft mentioned. Mr. Pennant y in Br. ^jol. under that head, fays, " This has been fuppofed to be " the female of the former ; but, from fome late obfervations by tlic infallible rule of dijfecfion, males have been found of ^RINGTAIL. '< [-1 1! Desc RIPTIOJf. *t Scoftli fays the orbits are whitiOi. - N « this m m # :i in In '■ t.' }'i til i'l n- 50 75- Var. a. MARSH-HAWK. DWCRIPTION. F A I. C O N. " this fpecies." To this I may add my own obfervations j the bird I now poflefs, as an Englijh fpecimen, being fet down in my notes as a male. In the Planches enlumimesy the male feems to be the brighteft in colour. The ground-colour of the under parts being ferrugi- nous, and thofe above inclining to rufous. The ruff feems to be lead perfed in the male. Marfh-hawk, Ediu. gleaK. t. 291.. Am. Zool. N» Lev. Mu/. 'T' HI S feems to differ fo little from the former, that I readily join my opinion to that of Brijfony in making it a variety. . The difference which I obferve is, a black line from the bill through the eye : it is larger alfo, being, according to Edwards, . two feet in length j and has lines of white round the eye to the throat: the little white mark under the eyes is feen in both: the general colour pretty much the fame : the tail in Edwards'^ figure, rather ihorter than in the Britijh Ringtail* I received a fpecimen not long fince from Jamaicay which dif- fers a little from both j but I am clear it belongs to the fame fpecies. The remark my friend fent along with it, was, that the irides were brown \ that it was a bold-fpirited bird, and would: not h«fitate to kill chickens, pigeons, ^f. before one's face. :fl "•«a f 1 I ' .,■! t^?* Falc« ■ iiawiii !•' A L C O N> 5» >ns ; the n in my Drighteft ferrugi- ns to be '. readily variety, the bill Idwards, e to the 1 both: iwards's ich dif- ke fame :hat the i would; e. Falc« Jfalco Hudfonias, Lin. Syfi. i. p. 128. N* 19. Epervier de la Baye d'Hudfon, Rri/. orn, Jpp, p. 1 8. N* 47. Ringtail Hawk, Edtu. 3. t. 107. Ringtail Falcon, jIm. Zool. N» C 1 ZE of the Jerfalcon : length one foot nine inches and a half. Bill black : cere yellow : the upper parts of the bird are brown j the under parts white, with rufous brown fpots, of dif- ferent Ihapes : over the eye is a ftreak of white : the rump is alfo white: hind head and lower part of the neck are grey brown, varied with darker brown : the two middle tail-fearhers are brownifii; the others of a blueiih afh-colour, except the outer one, wliich is white : all of them are tranfverfely barred with brown : tlie legs are light yellow : claws black. — Linnaus fays, it has a blucilh fpot on the wings. Inhabits Uudfon's Bay, E N G T H two feet ; breadth four feet. Bill black : cere blue : parts above, deep chocolate-brown : the fore part of the neck the fame, but paler : on the hind head is a little mix- ture of white: at the hind head arifes a kind of wreath, which pafles behind the ears to the throat, in a circular form, not much unlike that of the Ringtail : over the eye is a pale yellow line, which fprings from the bill, and meets the wreath at the part where it begins behind ; each feather of the wreath is black down the Hiaft : the chin is of a whitifh colour j from this pafles a lift of pale buff-colour to the breaft, the Ihaft of each N 2 feather 76. HUDSON'S BAY RINGTAIL. Description. 76. Var. a. CAYENNE R. DESCRIPTION' I im :| li; i i ' I f' i ^ FALCON. feather of which is brown : the breaft, belly, thighs, and venf, are reddifli bufF-colour ; the lall the paleft : the feathers on thc- breaft and belly have a brown ftreak down the fhafts : thighs and vent plain : prime quills dark on the inner, and cinereous blu^ on the outer webs, with bars of brown at an inch diftance each; thefe bars are lefs diftind on the inner webs : the firft and fecond of the quills are quite plain, without markings : the fe- condaries are much the fame as the prime quills, but the brown bars rather obfolete : mod of the wing-feathers are white at the tips : the wings when clofed, reach the middle of the tail : rump white : the tail barred with pale and dark brown j the inner webs of three or four of the outer feathers have much white on the inner webs ; the outer webs incline to ferruginous j the ends of the feathers are very pale j the two middle feathers are barred as the reft, but with cinereous and deep brown i the bars are five in number : legs yellow : claws black. This bird came from Cayenne^ and is in Mifs Blomefield*^ collec- tion. It was entitled Due de Buffon. — It feems clearly a variety of the laft fpecies, differing only from climate: hence we learn, that thefe birds are difieminated throughout y/wfnV^, as the ifland ©f Cayenne and Hudfon^s Bay are very far afunder. It is worth re- mark, the near refemblance of the four laft-defcribed, fo much indeed, that with the lefs fcrupulous ornithologift, they might even pafs for mere varieties of each other* ^, !l,d u FALCON. 9S Le Faucon de Roche, ou Rochier, Bri/. orn. i. p. 349. N*' 8. Sl^ONE Le Rochier, Buf. ei/. i. p. 286. — PL tnl. 447. FALCON. Lithofalco, & Dendrofaico, Rati Sjn. p. 14. N° 8, Stein-falck, Fri/cf;. t. 86. Stone, or Tree falcon, fTill. orn, p. 80. 01 Z E of a Keftril : length twelve inches and a quarter. Bill Description. blueifh afh-colour : cere and irides luteous: above cinereous, with black (hafts to the feathers : beneath rufous, with longitu- dinal brown fpots : tail cinereous j at the end blackifli ; the very- tip white i all the feathers, except the two middle ones, are barred tranfverfely with black. This appears very like the Merlin, reprefented in the Planches EnlumineeSi N° 468. Le Faucon de Montagne, Bn/. eru. 1. p. 352. N" 9. Faico montanus. Rait Syn. p. 13. N°4. Mountain Falcon, Will. orn. p. 78. 78. MOUNTAIN F. 'X'HIS is lefs than the Peregrine Falcon, but has a fliorter tail. Description. The bill is black : plumage above brown, or alh-colour : throat and fore part of the neck whitifh, fpotted with either fer- ruginous or black j and in fome the neck and bread are quite black : tail afh-coloured, end black, the very tip white : legs yellow: claws black. When the bird is come to it's full colour, the head is black j the breaft has more white in it the oftener it has moulted j and the back and fides are of a deeper alh-colour. This is in brief what M. Brijfon fays of the bird : but he re- marks the probability of it's being a variety of the Stone Falcon,, and likewife mentions a further variety j which follows^ » JLft m m mmr ; (I m -p it w I ■ 1 1 1 -*<" 'il!i 1 . ; 111. 9+ FALCON. Le Faucon de Montage cendree, £ri/. em. \, p. 35$. Faico montanus fecundus Aldrovandi« If^ili. orm. t. 9. 78. Var. a. ASH-COLOUR- ED MOUNTAIN p T»„_„,* ,„„ T^H I S is in length one foot nine inches. The bill is black : X/B5C RiPTION* ^L iris yellow : general colour cinereous j paled on the wing- coverts : beneath white as fnow : legs luteous. 79- -«-XESTRIL f. description. Male. Female. Talco tinnunculus, Lin. Syjf. p. 127. N" J7. ■ — — — — . Seep. Ann* i. p. 16. La Creffercllc, Sri/, orn, i. p. 393. N° 27. — — — — Buf. oif. i. p. 280. t. 18. — PI. tnl. 401, 471. Tinnunculus, feu Cenchris, Rail Syn. p. 16. N*> 16. Rothe-falck, ic RotheUgeyer, Fri/ch. t. 84, 85. Keftrel, Stannel, or Windhover, Will. orn. p. 84. t, 5. Keftrel, Br. Zeol. N° 60. Br. Mi^f. Lev, Muf. HP H E male and female differ much in this fpecies : the firrt; weighs fix ounces and a half. The cere is yellow : irides dark-coloured : crown of the head, and the tail, of a fine light grey j the lower end of the lafl: marked with a broad black bar : the back and wing-coverts are of a rufous brick-colour, fpotted with black J beneath of a pale ferruginous colour, fp' cted with black alfo : thighs and vent plains The female weighs eleven ounces. Colour of the back and wings more pale and dulky than in the male, croffed with nume- rous tranfverfe lines of black : the head is pale red brown> ftreaked with black : tail the fame, croffed with numerous black bars i near the end it has the fame black bar as in the male ; the end of both is very pale at the tip. This, FALCON. W This, efpecially the male, is a very beautiful fpecies : it feeds on mice, fmall birds, and infedts. This is the bird that we Co often fee in air hovering it's wings, and, as it were, fixed to one fpot for fome length of fpace. At this time it may be fiippoled watching it's prey, which, when the eye has fixed once upon, it darts to the earth with rapidity, in order to fecure it.TT-This was once ufed in falconry, for fmall birds and young Partridges. MaNKvRS. L'Epervier des Alouettej, £ri/. orn, i. p. 379. N" 22. Maufe-falck, Fri/ch. t. 88, 77. Var. a, LARK HAWK,, 7L^ BE BUFFON* fuppofes this not to be different from the Description. female Keftril, as will appear from reading the defcription in Brijfofii as well as comparing the figure in Frifchj above re- ferred to. 7g, S. G. Gmelin f mentions a variety of the Keftril which is grey, grey KESTRIL with the Ihafts of the feathers black. Le-Faucon pecheur de Senegal^ .on Le Tanas, Buf. oif. i. p. 275. — Pt. tnh 478. Faucon pefcheur. Damp. Voy. vol. iii. Fr. edit. p. 318. 8a.. FISHING FALCON. nPHIS is rather lefs than the Falcon, but has fome refemblance Discriptioit* to it. The bill and irides are yellow : the whole head fer- ruginous : parts above cinereous j the edges of the feathers fer- f • Oif vol. i. p. 283. t Voy, vol. i. p. 49. t, 10. ruginous il' '■ 1 r' t . 1 i ■I'll • Manners. i lijii f if':; Mi } V.'l !, 1 ' 8i. [i BROWN HAWK. ! Description. 1 . . 1 >. !l '. -ifP' ! in l - i ' li' ■i 1 1 1 FALCON. ruglnous brown : the under parts, thighs, and vent, pale yellow- ifh white, with a dafli of brown on the middle of each feather: quills dark afh: tail light brown above, blueifh alh beneath: legs brown : the feathers on the head are rather long, fo as to form a kind of creft. This fpecies inhabits Senegal, and is called there by the natives Tanas. Tliough it is fomewhat like the Falcon tribe, yet it dif- fers entirely in it's nature, as it feeds oftener on fifh than on any other prey j taking them out of the water as the Ofprey, above defcribed. It does not fwallow the fifh whole, but, retiring to a convenient place, eats it piece-meal. Brown Hawk, Brenun. llluftr, p. 5. t. 3. "IN length thirteen inches. Bill blue, with a black tip: iris yellow : the upper part of the head, the back, and the tail- coverts, are brown : wing-coverts the fame, but edged with white : fcapulars brown, fpotted with white : quills duflcy, with pale brown edges : fore part of the neck and the under parts are white, crofled with numerous femicircular yellow lines : tail pale brown, marked with four dufky lines : legs very pale yel- low : claws black. Inhabits Ceylon, I.e ! ' ii Ji FALCON. 97 Le petit Aigle d'Amcrajue, liuf. tif. I. p. 142. I ■■' .'■■ ' ■■■' PI. enl, 417. T ENGTH from fixteen to eighteen inches. Tiic bill is blue, ftraight at the bafe : cere, and round the eye, yellow : iris orange : throat and neck, of a fine purplifb rtd : upper parts of the t>ody blue, with a reddilh call : belly and vent reddifli white : legs yellow ; claws black. This is a moft beautiful fpecies : inhabits Caycfine, and other parts of South America. M. de Buffon calls this an Eagle^ though fo fmall, as the bill is crooked moftly at the tip. 8j. RED- THROATED F. Description. Liv, Muf, T ENGTH more than twelve inches : in fhape like our com- mon Buzzard. The bill is duflcy : the whole head and neck, as far as the ftioulders, whitilh ; the fhaft of each feather blotched irregularly with rufty brown : back, and wing-coverts, brown j feveral of the feathers, efpecially on the wing-coverts, are fpotted with white : tail dark brown, crofled with feveral bars; but thefe are nearly obfolete, appearing only on a clofe infpeftion : the quills are very dark, almoft black : the under parts, from the breaft, are white ; down the fhaft of each feather is a blotch of brown \ thefe marks fpread out larger and broader as they proceed downwards to the belly : thighs pretty much the fame : vent plain white : legs yellow : claws black. A fine fpecimen of this bird is in the Leverian Mufeunti which came from North America, O Falco 83- SPECK.LED BUZZARD. N. S. Description. *iA i si'' 1 ,'3 »''l i. f 1* ' * . h i ,■'■ f ; : l» 1-^ 1 M If .till {•! iiiii i f ; i 111' I ! 1 -* „f : i; 5« 84. AMERICAN BROWN HAWK. Description. Male. F£MALE. FALCON. Faico fufcus, y. Fr. Miller, 1. 18. Lev. Muf. TN the Leverian Mufeum is a fine pair of thefe birds j from which the following defcription is taken. The fize and fliape of our Sparrow Hawk. The bill of a pale lead-colour : cere dufky : the body above, is of a cinereoirs brown, with a trifle of white on the Icapulars : top and fides of the head ftreaked with narrow longitudinal ftripes of white : be- hind the eye is a fbreak of a pale colour : the under parts are white : the chin plain : the fore part of the neck, the breaft, and belly, marked with reddifh brown flreaks down the fliaft of each feather : thighs dirty white j down the middle of each feather is a brown ftreak : tail cinereous brown, crofled with three bars of dark brown j the end very pale. Another along with this, fuppofed to be the female, is marked much the fame, but the longitudinal ftripes on the un- der parts are more numerous ; befides which, are fome tranfverfe bars of light brown : the legs in both are flender, like the Spar- row Hawk, and of a yellow colour: the claws alfo are like that bird* and black. The bird figured by Mr. Miller, above quoted, fcarcely differs in the markings. The iris in his plate is white, or very pale ; but the claws feem to be remarkably thick and fhort, fuch as I never faw in any Hawk. Whether they were fo in the fpecimen from which he took his drawing, or any miftake in the engrav- ing, I cannot determine. falco FALCON* §d JFalco nifus, i/«. Syjl. i. p. 136. N" 31.' ■ Scop. Ann. i. p. 17. L*Epervier, Sri/, ern. i. p. 310. N° 4. ' I Bu/, olf. i. p. 225. t. II.- - ■ ■ Fl. ml. 41 2, 466, 467. Sperberj Fri/ch. t. 90. male. 91. female, 92. variety, Accipiter fringillarius. Rati Syn. p. 18. N" A. 2. Sparrow Hawk, ^/7/. orn. p. 86. -^ — Br, Zool. N" 62. Lev. Muf. Br. Muf. OCARCE any birds of the fame fpecies differ more in fize than the male from the female in this. The firfl: weighs five ounces, and is twelve inches in length ; the female is nine ounces in weight, and is in length fifteen inches *. The female has the head, hind part of the neckj back, rump, wing-covert?, fcapulars, and upper tail-coverts, brown j the edges of the feathers rufous : on the hind head are fome whitilh fpots : the under parts are white, or inclining to yellowifh, with rufous brown waves j each feather being of that colour near the end, tending to a point downwards : the chin fparingly ftreaked with perpendicular lines of brown : quills dufky, barred with black- ifti on the outer, and fpotted with white on the lower part of the inner webs: tail barred with very dark brown; the tip white: legs yellow : claws black. The male diff^ers a little, in having the tranfverfe lines on the bread lef^ abrupt, and not fo numerous j the under parts of a • The following defcription is from birds in my own pofleffion, but they are apt to vary much in the iliade as well as difpoiition of their colours. O 2 darker 85. H- SPARROW- HAWK. Dbscription*. FCMALB. MAti; m § m 1 ii' t 1 f- ■ 1 §' '' ■ , ll ■ ■ u ■ ^'f ■rl i^' t ■ 11'' 1^ : f • ■ i • ■ ''if t : :!■: Ji P,*ffU I 'i ','!. Ii I-,-,',"! ill'' r:, loo A L C O N. MAtfNBRS. darker colour; and the brown on the back more inclining to dove-colour. Both fexes are palifh over the eyes : the bill in both is blue, and the cere yellow. ' ' i' ' This bird is the dread of the inhabitants of the farm-yard j making great havock among the young of poultry of all kinds, as well as Pigeons j alfo Partridges. ' It is a bold bird, well known, and will commit it's depredations in the moft daring manner, even before one's face. 85. Var. a. . SPOTTED SPARROW H. L'Epervier tachete, Bri/. em. i. p. 314. Description. HTHIS is brown above, with a few fpots of white: beneath, mucli the fame as above, appearing as it were fcaly : under part of the wings and tail have broad bands of white, and narrow ones of brown, alternate : the tail above is like that of the lad Tpecies, as are the bill, irides, cere, and legs. 85. Var. B. WHITE SPARROW H. Description. npHIS, as well as the lafl:, is, no doubt, a mere variety, and a moft beautiful fpecimen, being now in the poflefllon of Captain Davies *. The plumage is wholly of a milk-white colour. I' Ui * In this gentleman's elegant colleflion will be found many fcarce fpeci- mens, efpecially from North America, which he has been at the pains to colleft and arrange himfelf. His friends too are obliged to him for the free communication of every knowledge or obfervatlon ia Natural Hillory in hit power. 5 without •, At FALCON. without the leafl: appearance of any bands, or other markings. It was fhot in Dorfet^irey near which place others have been feen of the fame colour. lOI Falco columbarius, I/». ^_/?. . p. 128. N* 21. L'Epervier de la Caroline, Bri/. crn. i. p. 378. N" 21. L'Epervier des Pigeons, Bu/. oif. i. p. 238. Pigeon Hawk, Catejb. Car. i. p. 3. t. 3. jlm. Zeal. N° Lev, Muf. np H E length of this bird is ten inches and a half; breadth twenty-two inches and a half; weight fix ounces and a half. The bill is whitilh, with a black tip : irides and cere luteous : the head, hind part of the neck, back, rump, wing and tail-coverts, are brown : throat, fore part of the neck, bread, belly, fides, and under tail-coverts, yellowifli white, ftreaked with brown : tail brown, with four narrow darker bands : the lesjs are vellow : claws black. Catejby adds, that the thigh- feathers reach within half an inch of the claws. This inhabits Carolina and other parts of North America. At Hudfon's Bay it is called the Small Bird Hawk. It is there mi- gratory, arriving in May, and retiring in Autumn : it feeds on fmall birds ; flies in circles ; and makes an hideous Ihrieking noife at the approach of any one. 86. 4- PIGEON H. Description. Place. Manners. hi I ,^ ■ M-- !: '" i ■: i' i~\t M Pfl'v iaii- I, Faico ' '"ill ' r' ■ :5U , mi ■t ii i" ' 'B i: r,; 'K- I ' •h ,:i^ ^h-.,ii h .'! iH; 102 +- GUIANA F. Description. r LACE. S8. ingr'ian F. F A L C O N> iPalco fuperciliofus« LtH.fjJi. i. p. f 28. No 22. CIZE of a Magpie. Bill black : cere and eyelids luteous : lore thinly befet with black briflles : eye-brows prominent, naked beneath: parts above brown: rump varied with white and black : beneath wholly undulated with fine tranfverfe lines of black, even the thighs : vent white, with black lines : greater quills ferruginous, with many bands of black j fecondaries whitifh on the pofterior margin: tail black, with two broad paler bands, and a cinereous tip : legs luteous : claws black. Inhabits Surinam, — A fpecimen I received from Cayenne was much fmaller than Linn^us mentions, though it anfwered to his defcription ; fo we may fuppofe it to be the male, of which he, perhaps, defcribes the female j and at firft call of the eye puts One in mind greatly of the male Sparrow Hawk, being much of the fame make and proportions. Falco vefpertinus, Lin.fyji. i. p. 129. N* 23. ■■ S% G. GtntUn, voy. i. p. 6j. t. 43. Description. |X is about the fize of a Pigeon. The bill is yellow, with a brown tip : the cere and eyelids are luteous : head brown : body blueifli brown : belly blueifh white : vent and thighs fer- ruginous : tail brown : quills blueifli white j the primaries, from the firft to the feventh, are blackifli at the tip : the legs are naked and luteous. This bird inhabits fngria, where it is called by the inhabitants Kohz, 3 Epervier ii I i .1. fi '4|(| FALCON. 103 <.\ I Epervier a gros bee de Cayenne, Su/. eif, p. 237. ■-———' ^ — Pl. enl, 464. rpHIS fpecies exceeds the Sparrow Hawk a little in fize. The bill is longer and thicker than in that bird, and of a black colour : the cere is yellow : iris orange : the general colour of the plumage brown above ; the feathers edged with ferruginous brown : on the fore parts, as far as the breall, the colour is the fame, but has a greater portion of the ferruginous mixture : the belly, thighs, and vent are white, marked with numerous narrow ferruginous ftri«: the tail is banded black and white: legs yel- low: claws black: the legs are fhorter than in the Sparrow Hawk. M. de Buffon is the firft who has mentioned this bird, and informs us that it inhabits Cayenne. He calls it the Great-billed Sparrow Hawk ; the firft term, as having the bill larger in pro- portion ; and the laft, as being in figure more like that bird than, any other. GREAT-BILLED! F. Description. \r\ \\\ I Falco fubbutco. Lift. Syjt. i. p. 127. N" 14. 9*'* Le Hobreau, Brif. orn. i. p. 375. N" 20. * ■ Buf. oif. i. p. 277. t. 17. , ■. -i^f/. g»/. 431, 432. Stein falck, Frifch. t. 86. Dendro falco, Raiijyn, p. 14. N" 8. & Subbuteo, p. 15, N" 14. The Hobby, fVilL orn. p. 83. — -,fir. Zool. N" 61. Br, Muf, Lev, Muf„. T E'KGTH twelve inches: breadth two feet three inches: Description. weight feven ounces. The bill is blue: cere and orbits yellow : t. it'-.' tfc'ri fife.. "l«^,'Bwj.",5i!» ■ wmw»'»!WWWP«^i?aF?|P^!»nwo^p!»|!ij#J,nif4Wi!.s. luo.WH*" «.IH(l!i*VM«.- h" ri'llt 'M ' i '*i'.'^'l!i ) ( ■ ! 1 ■ '; ■ • ,.'. ft 104 FALCON. yellow : irides hazel : the back is brown : nape of the neck yel- Jowlfli : belly- pale, with oblong brown fpots : on each cheek is a black mark like a crefcent, pointing downward : the venr. and thighs are ferruginous, or rather rufous * : legs yellow : claws black. M. Brijfon fays the irides are yellow ; but in all the fpecimens which I have feen, they are either hazel, or dark brown, in dif- ferent fliades. Mannbrs. ^^- P^'i^^^i^ informs us, that it breeds in England^ and mi- grates in OEioher. This bird was ufed in falconry -f, but in a very confined manner : particularly in daring of Larks, for which purpofe the Hawk was caft off; on feeing of which, the Larks adhered to the ground through fear, and the fowler drew his net over them. • Not always ; for in two fpecimens, one of which I have now by me, the thighs were dufky white, longitudinally marked with brown, and the vent of a plain white. f M. Brunnkh informs us, that the'Gentile, Ictland Falcon, and Hobby, are ufed in falconry about Copenhagen ; and that the falconers fupply the tail- feathers, when worn out or broken, with others from a different bird, fattening the new to the bafe of the old ones ; by which means, it is probable, that new fpecies may have been created by the moft intelligent defcribers, who were not pofTe/red of the knowledge of this circumAance. Qrn, bor» p. 3. iBuMnfi ' r^'^'ff rr->^r?=s"^^ ^"-w-j^w^^^.Ti — yel- :k is and laws nens dif. mi- very 'hich ^arks s net r me, ! vent obby, tail- ening t new -e not MH/i FALCON. Sr. Muf, Lev, Muf, C IZ E of an Hobby: length fifteen inches. The bill is three quarters of an inch in length, and rather ftout for the fize of the bird ; it is of a lead-colour, with the bafe very pale, nearly white : the plumage above is of a very dark brown : the hind part of the neck, the top of the head, and the wing-coverts, arc of one plain colour, but the reft of the upper parts are crofled with tranfverfc interrupted narrow bars of a whitilh colour, not very numerous : the feathers on the chin very long and narrow, al- moft like hairs, and of a whitifli colour: throat orange, inclining to brown, marked with roundifli fpots of white : breaft orange : belly dark brown, with interrupted bars of dirty buff, which are made up of the fpots which each feather is marked with : thighs ferruginous, dafhed with brown on the ihafts : under tail- coverts the fame, bcfides which are fome tranfverfe dulky bars : the tail is of the fame Colour as the backj the half next the bafe is crofled with narrow bars of white, much like the back ; the end half of one plain colour, or dark brown : the legs are of a lead-colour, long and (lender, like thofe of a Sparrow Hawk, and the toes and claws ftill longer in proportion j the colour of the laft is black : the wings reach to the middle of the tail. The fpecimen in the Britijh Mujeum is faid to have come from Surinam j that in the Leverian Mufeumj fimply from the South Seas, without fpecifying any place. I believe this fpecies has not been noticed before. SIZE los 91. ORANGE. fiR£AS r£D H. N. S. Dbscriptiok. m It H . M .. .| „ I [' I 1 \, t ic6 FALCON. Mm I irHiMiiif '.'■ I' . 'I 1 * ill f 1 |5 k ■ ■ 1 1 ■ 1 ■ ■ 92. SPOTTED- TAILED H. N. S. Description. C IZE of a Sparrow Hawk. Bill black : cere dufky : the head, neck, lower part of the back, and the under parts, are cine- reous : the plumage elfewhere of a very dark lead-colour, almofl: black: prime quills ferruginous on the inner webs, but not quite to the end t on each tail-feather (except the two middle ones,, which are plain) are three white fpots on. the inner web only ; the firfl: fomewhat above an inch from the tip ; the next at about equal diftance between that and the bafe j and the third nearly at the bafe itfelf: the legs are fhort and yellow: claws black: the wings reach beyond the middle of the tail. This fpecimen is in the colledlion of Mifs Blomefieldy, who re* eeived it from Cayenne. I do not find it mentioned by any author.. I 'ifl 9^ MEKLIN. Dbscription. L'Emerillon, Bri/. erut i. p. 382* N"» 23.. ^falon Rellonii Sc JUrovandi, Rati Syu, p. 15« N* 15.. Kleinfte rothe-faick, Frifcb, t. 89.. Merlin, Will, wn* p. 8;. (.3. Br. Zeal. N» 63. Br, Muf, Lev, Muf.. ^HE length of the Merlin is twelve inches and a half: the fize fcarce bigger than a Blackbird. The bill is of a blueifli lead- colour : cere pale yellow : irides very dark : head ferru- ginous i each feather marked with a blueifli black flreak down the fliaft : back and wings blueifli, afli-colour, flreaked and fpotted with ferruginous : the edges are of the fame colour : the quills are almoil black, marked with reddifli oval fpots : the under 1' ' i 'I V « FALCON. tinder wing-coverts arc brown, marked with round white fpots : tail five inches long, croffed with alternate bars of duflcy and reddifh clay-colour, generally from thirteen to fifteen in number; but in one fpecimen, Mr. Pennant obferves there were only eight : the breaft and belly yellowifh white, with oblong fpotf pointing downwards : the wings reach to within an inch and half of the end of the tail : the legs are yellow : claws black. This defcription from the Britijh Zoology ; which informs uj that the fpecies does not breed with us, but migrates here in OSiober^ coming into England about the fame time that the Hobkp difappears. This was anciently ufed in falconry, and though inferior in fize, was not fo in point of fpirit, to any of the larger Ipecies. AS the following appears a variety of the former, I think worth while to defcribe it as fuch, as I cannot venture to place it as a diftinft fpecies. The length nine inches. The bill bluej tip black; imme- diately over the bill the feathers are very pale : the forehead is afli-colour, extending with the fame colour in a ftreak over each eye : crown of the head reddifh chefnut : on the fide of the head, under each eye, is a broad fpace of white, nearly of a triangu- lar figure ; this is bordered with dulky black : at the place of the ears is a patch of dufky black : the feathers on the back are of a reddifti chefnut, tranfverfely ftriated with black : wing-co- verts the fame : both prime and fecondary quills dufky, inclin- ing to black; the lall edged with white : the under pares of the P 2 bird 107 MAlfNBm. 9J« Var. a. NEW YORK M. DESCRIPTIOtr. :fe'i: i.ff:- I' n> I ' W^' .; > i. . 1 III*! ifi i ir io8 PlACI. 93- Var. B. CARIBBEE M. FALCON, bird are of a dirty yellowifh white,, perpendicularly ftreaked with brown : the chin very pale, without marks : the vent and thighs the fame : tail chefnut, barred with black j the bars are ten or eleven in number, but are not complete, as they do not touch the fliaft, being only, as it were, a tranfverfe, or rather oblique, mark acrofs each web, but appear as bands, till the feathers are extended : the tail beneath is banded with whitilh and black v the legs yellow : claws black. This was defcribed from a fpecimen in the colle£lion of Ctfp* iaifi DavieSy who brought it from New-Tork, L'Emerlllon des Antilles, Bri/. ern, i. p. 585. N' 24^ Efmerillon Gry G17, Rati Syu. p. 19. N° 3. ' — *— Du Tertre Hijt. des AntilUst 2. p. »53< DiscKirrioN. ^T* H IS bird is very little bigger than a Thrufh. It is rufous above, fpotted with black : beneath white, Ipotted longi- tudinally with black. It inhabits the Antilles: called there Gry Gry, M. Brijfon doubts this being different from the other Merlin, and on his authority I place it as a variety. M. du Tertre fays, that his bird preys only on Lizards and Grafl*- hoppers, and now and then on very young chickens. |.*£rffleriUo|| iH !!. , *fjiF FALCON. 109. L'Ermerlllon des Faaconnlers, Su/. oif. i. p. 288. t. I9^ L'£merillon, PI. tnU 468. 93* Var. C. £ALCON£RS M. RlWARKI» 'T'HIS bird, according to M. de Bufforiy is not the Merlin of naturaliftSi but known by that name among falconers, and has not been particularly noticed nor well defcribed by any one hitherto. He fays it is like an Hobby in figure, but has fhorter Description. wings, and it much more refembles the Stone Falcon, both as to fize and length, colours, &c. fo as to make it rather doubtful whether thofe two be not only varieties. A Angularity too prefents itfelf in this bird, which is, that both male and female are of the fame JizCy a thing unufual" in this genus. He fays likewife that it is a very courageous bird, attacking not only Larks, but Quails and Partridges. Notwithftanding all this, M. de Buffon quotes Br. Zool. folio edit. A. 12. for a figure, feeming to prove his Merlin, and that of Mr. Pennant, to be the fame. Mr. Salerne * gives a probable reafon for this confufion among the Merlins, which arifes from the bird-catchers calling every bird under the fize of a Buzzard by the name of Merlin j and in this kingdom I have as often found all the fmaller kinds of Hawks called by the name of Sparrow Hawk, without diftinfkion. I have mentioned thus much, as I believe the Merlin is not very common in England, and confequently but little known. I. do not know M. de Buffon* s bird. • Orn, /. 16* V ' 1 ■■: ^ r," . .1 P Ik » 1- 1 Q^'.i \ Falco i;;- |:i:. mi' m p |f' H i , i i yi: ;■ 1,1! .;'■ r-'i li"i! Nil; ' ',!':,:. III V. m 110 94. LITTLE F. DiSCRIPTION. Female. Place. FALCON. Faico fparverlus, Lin. ^yjl. 1. p. 1 28. N" 20. L'Emerillon de la Caroline, Brif. orn. i. p. 386. N' 25. t. 32. f. I. /v. enl 465. ■ FaIco minor rufefcens, &c. Brawn's Jam, p. 471. Little Hawk, Catrjb. Car. i. t. 5. the male. — ^— — ^m. Zoo!. Le'u. Muf, 'TP H E male is of the fize of the Merlin, but the female is fomewhat bigger. The bill is yellowifh : cere and irides the fame : the head is of a blueifh afli-colourj the crown of the head, and upper parts of the body, orange brown, tranfverfely ftriated with black : the upper wing coverts blueilh afh-colour, with tranfverfc black ftrije : tail red brown, tipped with black. The female differs from the male in fome parciculars : the head is of a blueifh afh-colour ; the crown red brown : the hind part of the head is encircled with feven black fpots, viz. three on each fide and one behind : cheeks and throat dirty reddifh •white : hind part of the neck, the back, fcapulars, and wing- coverts, reddifh brown, with black tranfverfe lines : rump and upper tail-coverts the fame, but plain : fore part of the neck, breafl:, and fides, dirty rufous white, flriped down the fhafts with reddifh brown : the prime quills blackifh, fpotted within with reddifh brown: tail of the lafl-mentioned colour, tranfverfely ftriated with black. In both, the legs are yellow, and the claws black. I never yet faw the female. This bird inhabits Firginia, Carolina, St. Domingo. They abide all the year in Carolina and Virginia, 3 M. Buffon p M.de ! 1 Domingo Caribbee. L'Emeril 1 ^ yell beneath eight m very tips one havi laft whit one of eh defcripti The I lefs num neck mo thers are the fern white, 01 black ne This FALCON. nu M. de Buffon * fays that this bird, our Merlin, and that of St. Domingo, or next fpecies, are all varieties of the Gry Cry, or. Canbbee M. N° c^z- B. L'Emerillon de St» Domlngae, Bri/. ern. i. p. 389, .N<* 26. .t. 32. f. i*ftmak* g'p^ DOMINGO* Ltv. Muf, F. ^pHE bill in this is yellow; the tip black: cere luteous: irides Descupmok.. yellow : parts above moftly red brown, fpotted with black : beneath dirty white, fpotted with black: head cinereous : the eight middle tail-feathers are chefnut, at the ends black; the very tips white; the two outmoft on each fide are different, the one having fome white near the end, and a black fpot in it, the laft white on the outfide, and marked with five black fpots, and. one of chefnut on the inner webs: legs yellow : claws black. — This defcription is of the female. The male difi^ers, the fpots of black on tJie upper parts being Icfs numerous than in the female : throat and fore part of the neck more inclining to red brown. Ten of the middle tail-fea- thers are chefnut, with the ends black, and very tips white, as in the female : the outer tail-feather, on the outfide and tip, is white, on the inner web chefnut, marked with a tranfverfc fpot of black near the end. This inhabits St. Domingo, • Hiji, dts Oif. i. p. 293. I; ! FtUco %.. m \-.„ 1 ll ■! I'U'H "!, r,ia % 1X2 06. MINUTE F. DllCR»TIOK. 97- BENGAL F. FALCON. Falco minutus, Lin. Syft. \. p. 131. N^ 33. Le petit Epervier, Bri/. om. i. p. 315. N* 2. PI. 30. f. I. ^ HIS, according to Brjjfon, is lefs than the Merlin, being eleven inches and three quarters in length. The bill is black: cere brown : parts above brown, variegated with rufous: beneath white, with tranfverfe rufous brown ftria: : tail brown, banded with deeper brown : legs luteous : claws black. This bird inhabits the ^and of Malta. M. Brijfon mentions a variety of this, having only four brown bands on the tail, and lance-fhaped fpots on the breaft. M. de Buffon * fays, it is probable that this bird nriay prove to be merely the Tiercelet^ or male of the Sparrow Hawk, called by the Falconers a Mouchet, Falco ccrulefcens, Lht, Sjft. i. p. 125. iVg, Le Faucon de fiengale, Bri/. orn. app. p. 20« N° 38. Little black and orange Indian Hawk, Edw. 3. t. ioS« Ltv. Muf. DiscitiPTioK* TT'HlS is faid to be the leaft of the Falcon g^nus, being in length only fix inches and a half. The bill is blackifh : cere and eyelids luteous : the forehead is white : the eye placed in a naked yellow (kin, round which is a bed of black, pafllng downwards a little way on each fide of^he neck, and this is again bounded by white: general colour or the parts above is purplifh black; * Hift, du 0$/, i. p. 226. that *;)> FALCON. that of the under parts orange, paleft on the bread : the tail is black ; the two middle feathers are plain, the others tranfverfely ftriated on the infide with white : the legs are luteous : claws blackilli. This beautiful fpecics inhabits Bengal. Mr. Edwards obferves, that it is feathered below the knees, and that for fo fmall a bird, it is remarkably ftout and robuflr, full as much, in proportion, as an Eagle. Falco regulus, Pallas Trav, vol. ii. p. 707. N° 13, 113 FtACB. 98. SIBERIAN. ^Y HIS, according to Dr. Pallas, is lefs than any yet Descriptiok. known. The length he does not mention, but fays that it weighs lefs than half a pound. It has the bill and air of a Kef- trel. The cere is greenifli : irides brown * : the crown of the head is hoary brown, marked with blackilh lines: round the neck is a ferruginous collar : the back is of a hoary lead-colour, the feathers of which have brown fhafts, towards the tail paleft: the throat and other ptrts beneath are whitifh, with numerous ferruginous brown fpots : margin of the wings white, variegated beneath : tail nearly even at the end, of a hoary lead- colour, with clouded fafcise beneath j all the feathers have black edges, and '.:he tips of all are white : the legs are of a deep yellow. This bird inhabits Siberia. It preys chiefly on Larks. It is Placi. not very common. * As Dr, Pallas obferves, thofe of all the more generous forts are; Genui It' Ml I r KStf w I 111 ■? I; 114 OWL. Genus III. O W L. EARED OWLS. N'r. Great Fared O. A. Athenian E. O. B. Smooth-legged E. O. C. Magellanic E. O. Virginian E. O. Scandinavian E. O, Ceylonele E. O. Long-eared O. A. Italian E. O. 6. A...*ricanE. O. 2. 3- 4- S' N" 7. Mexican E. O, 8. RcdE.O. 9. Short-eared O. I Or Brafilian E. O. 11. Mottled E- D. 12. Indian E. O. 13. Carniolic E. O. 14. Yaickan E. O. 15. Scops E. O. 16. Siberian E. O, • « N" 17. Snowy O. 18. Barred O. 39. Cinereous O. 90. Aluco O. 21. Auftriar O. ::. Auftrian White O. 2 7. Aufcrian Rufous O. 5|. Auftrian Ferruginous O. 05. SolognefeO. 26. White O. 27. Tawny O. 28. Brown O. 10 WI'-H SMOOTH HEAL^. N" 29. Canada O. 30. Hawk O. 3 1 . Mexican O. • 32. New Spain O. 2;^. Coquimbo O. 34, Saint Domingo O. 2^. Cayenne O. 36. Cafpian O. 37. Ural O. 38. Acadian O. 39. New Zeeland O. 40. Little O. THE —3 w OWL. THE bill is crooked, as in the laft, but not furniihed with a cere. Noftrils covered with briftly feather*?. Head large : both ears and eyes very large. Tongiie bifid. To which Mr. Pennant * adds : Noftrils oblong. Outmoft toe capable of being turned backwards. Claws hooked and Iharp. — To which I may add, that the ex- ternal edge of one or more of the outer quill-feathers is ferrated, in every individual that has come under my infpedtion. The owl is a nodturnal bird, moft of them preying by night, or rather twilight i for, as Buffon f obCervcs, it has neither the faculty of difcerning obje6b in open day-light, nor can it fee when the night is dark. It is only for an hour in the evening and morning that it fees clearly, except by moon-light ; and in fuch nights as are pretty light they hunt after prey the whole night through. Their want of fight is made good by their quicknefs of hearing ; which their ample cars teftify. Their dimnefs of fight in the day-time, can only be faid of the major part of thgn, fince fome of the fp'ties both fee well by d?y Ij^tit, as well as take their prey at that time ; but whether tht-; H,-vt the faculty of feeing by twilight equally well, is not mentici.i d. More need not be faid to identify the genus of Owls, as few can miftake it. • Genera of Birdj, f Hiji. dts Oif, vol. i. p. 317. U% :i ^^1 i \m 1 1 1 '1 ^1 It : u ■■ 1 1 ; 1^: if CLa * E A R E D mmmmm u6 O W L. f »Vt-!i :i!!H I I'll m m m I. GREAT EARED O. *EARED OWLS. Strix bubo, Lin. Syjl. i. p. 131. N° i. ■ Scop. jinn. i. p. 18. Le grand Due, Bri/.orn.'u p. 477. N'' i. Le Due, ou grand Due, Buf. oif. i. p. 332. t. 22, PI. tnl. 435. Bubo, Rail Sjn. p. 24. '^T© i. SchuiFut, Fri/ci. t. 93. Great Horn-owl, or Eagle-i. iVtJl. trn. p. 99. t. 12. Eagle-owl, Br. Zool. N** 64. t. 29. Great Owl, Am. Zoel. N» Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. DiscRiPTioif. JN fize it is almoft equal to an Eagle. Irides bright yellow : head and whole body finely varied with lines, fpots, and fpecks of black, brown, riaereous, and ferruginous : wings long : tail fliort, marked with duflcy bars : legs thick, covered to the very end of the tees with a clofe and full down of a teftaceous co- lour : claws great, much hooked, and dufky. This is Mr. Pennant's defcriptioni which will as fully fuffice as a longer one. . , Manners* The above noble fpecies for the mofl: part inhabits ruined edifices, mountainous and cavernous places, and inacceflible rocks i feldom being feen on the plains, nor often perched on trees. It's prey chiefly conlifts of Leverets, Rabbits, Moles, Rats, and Mice. Of thefe it fwallows the largcft by morfels ; bones, hair, and all : the lefler ones whole. After due digefl:ion of the nutritious parts, it emits the indigeftible ones, in the Ihape of round pellets i which are often found in it's haunts. This bird OWL. bird likewife ft^ds it's young with Bats, Snakes, Lizards, Toads, and Frogs *. Aldrovattdus fays that it provides well for it's young, and fo plentifully, that a perfon living in the neighbourhood of the neft of one of thefe, may be fupplied therefrom with fome dainties, and yet leave enough to fatisfy the young birds. This is not very common in France^ nor is it certain that it llays there the whole year. Not more than two eggs have been found in the neft j the colour of them not unlike that of the bird itfelf : in fize fomewhat bigger than in Hen's egg. — ^The Italians^ according to Olinaj fometimes train it up for the uies of falconry. It has been fhot in Scotland^ and in Yorkjhire^ and, if a friend of mine does not deceive me, has once been feen in Kent, perched upon a gate, near to a large wood, in the fpring 1770. * It is raid that neither Owls, nor other birds of prey, have been obferved to drink ; infomuch that many, who have kept them, did not furnifli them with water, on the fuppofition of their not wanting it. M. dt Buffon has watqhed one of the Falcon tribe, which would by no means be tempted to drink while any one was in fight ; but as foon as the perfon, who was fet to watch it, difappeared, the bird, after looking round to fee all was fafe, plunged it's head into the water, as far as tht eyes, and took feveral gulps. Hifi. des Oif. i. p. 127. The reverfe of this was the cafe in my Carrion Vulture, for I have feen this dip it's bill into the water to fill the mouth, after which it held up the head to fwallow it, j ufi in the manner of our domelUc poultry. 117 Mk i . ! !-^^ Le % nl O W L. Var. a. ATHENIAN E. O. Description* Le grand Due D'ltalle, Brif. orn. i. p. 482. N° 1. A. Bubo Athenienfis, Lin. Syjf. p. ijit N° 1. 19. Eagle-owl, Will. em. p. 59. N® 2. Great Horned-owl from Athens, Ethjn, glean, i. ztj. Black-winged Horn-owl, Jlhin. iii. //. 6. a 'X* HIS is defcribed as of a darker colour throughout, efpe- cially on the wings. The legs are fliorter, and not fo ftrong ; but the claws are large and (harp. Mr. Edwards fays that the face is of a whitilh grey, and the colour of the whole bird is brown, variegated with black : the height, as it fat upon the perch, feventeen inches. Var.B. SMOOTH- LEGGED £. O. Le grand Due Dechaufle, Bri/. orn, i. p. 483. N** I. B. Great Horn-owl, Will. orn. p. 100. N** 3. Description. ^HIS differs only in having the legs bare of feathers, and both legs and feet weaker than in the lafl:. i-i'j-ij ■i m Var. C. MAGELLANIC E. O. DitcRirrioN. Jacurutu, Mareg. Hijl. Bra/, p. 199. Hibcu des Terres Magellaniques, Fl. tnl. 385. TI/TARCG RAV E defcribes this bird as being of the fize of a Goofe} having a head like a Cat, a black crooked bill, eyes (hining like cryftal, with a yellow circle. Near the holes of the ears it h. )ointed feathers two fingers long, which can be lifted up to appear like ears : the tail broad ; the wings not i^ OWL.. not reaching the end of it : legs covered to the feet : colour of the bird variegated with yellow, blackilh, and white. There is not a doubt of this bird being a variety at leaft of the former: though the climates be fo wide apart, moft authors agree in making it fo. In Ihort, it feems to be a very general fpecies, varying, as all birds do^ with the climate. 119 Le grand Due de Virginie, Sri/, era. i. p. 484. N® 2. VIRGINIAN Horned-owl, £//w'i H. Say, p. 40. t. 2. £^ q^ Great Horned-owl from Virginia, Edw. ii. t. 60. Great Owl, Jm. Zool. N" Lev. Muf, CIZE of the common Eagle-owl. The ear-feathers are large, Dbscription. and arife juft above the bafe of the bill, which is black : the irides gold-colour : parts above brown, variegated with flendcr rufous and cinereous lines : beneath, of a pale afli-colour, tranf- verfely ftriped with brown : the throat is white : lower part of the neck and fides of the breaft are orange-brown, fpotted with a darker brown : the middle part of the breaft, the belly, and other parts beneath, are of a pale afli-colour, ftriatcd with brown; the quills and tail ban^.ed with the fame. The legs and half the toes covered with cinereous feathers : claws horn-colour. This bird came from Virginia. M. de Buffon * fays that it is a mere variety of the firft fpecies, differing only in the pofition of the ear-like tufts of feathers. • Uift. da Oif. i. p. 339. Strix ;! Jaate-Avi^,,.:.. I 20 O W L. I. SCANDINA- c ■ c A- T- o a x'o VI "^N E O "^ Scandiaca, Lin. Syft. p. 132. N° 2. — — Faun./uec. p. 24. N" 70. Le grand Due de Lapponie, Bri/^ em. i. p. 4S6. N" 3. Descriptiow. /" I NNyEUS defcribes this as being of the fize of a Turkey. The body whitilh, fpotted with black. It is fo very like the Great Snowy Owl, N° 17, that, were it not for the ear-like feathers, one would fuppofe it the fame bird *. Place. This bird inhabits the nnountains of Lapland. M. de Buffon^ thinks it to be only a variety of the former ones ; the white co- lour arifing from the mere coldnefs of the climate, as is frequently the cafe in other birds. CEYLONESE Great Ceylonefe Horned-owl, BrovDii's III. Zool, p. 8. t. 4. E. O. r» . — .«„ 'TPHIS is in length one foot eleven inches, and weighs two Dbscription* Jl . ' D pounds nine ounces and three quarters. The bill is horn- colour : irides yellow: parts above of a pale reddifh brown j beneath yellowifh white :|: : circles round the face of a pale red- difti brown, ftreaked with black : the ears are (hort and pointed : prime quills and tail barred with black, white, and pale red : legs naked to the knees. Placc. It is a native o{ Ceylon, and called there Rata Allia. * I do not find that Linnaut has feen it, but defcribed it from a painting of Rudbeck. t Hiji. des Oif. i. p. 338. X According to the plate, each feather Teems to be ftreaked down the Ihafc with black, and has four or five duflcy ban on each fide of it. Strix ■I \ of laft rix OWL. 121 5» A- LONG- EARED O. Struc Otus, Lin. Syjt.f. 132. N«4.' ■ — ^(0/. /tnH. i. p. 18. Le Moyen Due, ou Le Hibou, Sri/» ern. i. p. 486. N<* 4. — . I- ■ I ■' Btt/. oif. i. p. 342. t. 2Z. ' — - ■ PI, etil. 29. Otus, Ailo, Rail SjH. p. 25. N« A. 2. The Horn>owl, fTilL em. p. xoo.'—Jltin. vol. ii. t. 10. Rothe Kautzlein, Fri/cb. t. 99. L'Hibou appelle.Canot, Hifi. dt la AT. France, par Chatltv. iii. p. $,6. Long-eared Owl, Br. Zeol. N" 65. Lev, Muf. •ipHE length of this fpecies is fourteen inches and an half. Descr The bill is black: irides bright yellow: the eared tufts confifl: of fix feathers j thofe which furround the face are white forwards, and rufous on the back-part i and thefe two colours are feparated by a dark ftreak : the colours in general are brown, rufous, and whitilh mixed, on the upper parts of the body : be- neath, the feathers are rufous at the bafe, and whiti/h at the tip, longitudinally and tranfverfely ftreakcd with black brown : tail- feathers marked with dufky and reddifh bars; beneath, alh- coloured : the legs feathered down to the toes : claws black. This is a bird of Europe, and is far from uncommon, either in France or England. M. de Buffbn * obferves that thefe birds fel- dom are at the pains of making a neft for themfelves, foi the mod part making ufe of an old Magpie*s or Buzzard's neft. They lay, for the moft part, four or five eggs. Their young are at firft white, but come to their colour in about fifteen days. f H, des Oif. i. p. 345, R Neither IPTIOK* % it:* : .i ?l 123 OWL. Neither this, nor any of the other Owls, bear captivity, if the old birds are taken -, whoever, therefore, may be defirous of keeping them, muft train them up from the nell. h \ Var. a. ITALIAN E. O. DSSCRIFTION. 'i.lH Le Hibou d'ltalie, Sri/, cm, i. p. 491. N°4. A. Aflo Ave Otus, Aldrov. Jv. i. p. 519. t. in 523. 'X* HIS differs in being a trifle bigger. The head is afh-co- loured, mixed with pale chefnut and black : the body ferruginous afh-colour, fpotted with brown, the fpots of feveral fizes : the belly varied with longitudinal pointed brown fpots : the coverts and bend of the wings white : the tail reaches fix inches beyond the wings when cloied, and is marked with zig- zag black lines : the bill, irides, and legs much as in the other. Inhabits Italy ^ and is a variety of the laft-mentioned. 6. AMERICAN E. O. Description. Le Hibou d'Amerique, Brif. em. i. p. 498. N" 7. Bubo ocro cinereus, peflore maculofo, Ftuille's Joum. dts Oh/» Phi/, p. 59. ed. 1725. CIZE of the laft. The bill is luteous : Iris gold-colour : (pace round the eyes afh-colour : the head and upper parts arc ci- nereous i the under parts ferruginous : rump and vent white> fpotted with black: quills and tail ferruginous, tranfverfely barred with cinereous and grey : legs yellow : claws black. M. de Buffon fuppofes it to be a variety of the two laft, giving this reafon, that though the fliades be different, yet the common diftribution of the colours is the fame. • • • l}^]\d\i'm South America, ' " L'Hibou OWL. L'Hibou da Mexique, Brtf» wn* i. p. 499. N*> 9. Tecolotli Raiifyn, p. 160. 'T'HIS bird, according to Af. Brttfon^ after Mr. Ray, difFers from the others, in having only two colours in the plumage, viz. black and brown. The eyes are large, and of a gold-colour. It is faid to refemble the other Horned Owls in colour, but the fize is not mentioned. Inhabits Mexico. t»3 MEXICAN E. O. DBSCRirTION. Place. pi *! itl i W 8. Strix Afio, Liu, Syji. i. p. 132. N** 3. 4. RgQ Le Petit Due de la Caroline, Bri/. cm. i. p. 497. N" 6. E. O. Little Owl, Cateji. Car. i. t. 7. Red Owl, jfm. Zool. N<» Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. ACCORDING to Catefoyy it is the fize of a Jackdaw: Description. M, Brijfon mentions it's being about one third bigger than the Scops. The bill and iris are both of a fafFron-colour : parts above ferruginous : beneath dirty white, with a mixture of rufous brown : tail deep brown : edge of the baftard wing whitifh : on the fcapulars are five largifh fpots of white : quills marked with fome fpots of white : legs covered to the toes with light brown feathers : the toes are brown : the claws black. The female difFers in being brown in colour, without any mix- ture of rufous or ferruginous. M. de Buffon feems to think this a variety of the Long-eared Owl, and that of South Americaj N" 6 j but this does not feem R 2 clear ^' > f pi'i ' 124 OWL. clear to me, as, on examination of the two firft, they do not bear refemblance; as to the laft- mentioned, I never faw it, muft therefore be filent on that head. ifii *.^^4 +■ SHORT. EARED O. DEscRirrioN* Short-eared Owl, Br. Zed, N» 66. t. 31. Strix brachyotos, PM. Tranf. vol. Ixii. p. 384. N* a. Short-cared Owl, Amtr. Zool. N" £r, Mu/. Ltv, Muf. nPHE length of this bird is fourteen inches : breadth three feet : weight fourteen ounces. The bill is dufky : irides yellow : the circle of feathers which furrounds the eyes is white; clofe to the eyes black ; the outer edge black and tawny mixed : it has one feather longer than the reft on the head, which it can ereft at will. The feathers on the upper part of the body are brown, with pale dull yellow edges j thofe beneath of a pale yellow, longitudinally ftreaked with brown : the thighs to the toes are feathered, and of a yellowifh colour: the tail is brown; the four middle feathers have a brown fpot, encircled with yellow, oneach fide thefliaft : the tip is white. Mr. Pennant fays further, that it is a bird of paflage, vifiting us in OSloher, and retiring in Spring j and adds, that it's probable fummer retreat is Norway. Br. For fiery in the 'Phil. Tranf. above quoted, fays it is called Moufe Hawk in Hudfon*s Bay^ where it is found, as well as in Europe. This name may well arife from two circumftances ; the firft, from the head being fmaller than in moft Owls ; fecondly, that the ears do not appear, nay, are often difficult to find, in the dead bird ; for which reafons it may well be miftaken for a 9 Hawk, OWL. Htwk, It's food is mice, watching them with the fedulous at- tention of a domeftic Cat. It is alfo obferved to be a bird of pafTage in thofe parts. I have frequently met with it in Kent. M. de BuffoH * feems to think that this bird is the Sct^Sy than which no two of the fpecies differ more. We have not the Scops in England, neither do I think the above-defcribed bird to be an inhabitant of France. It would therefore have appeared candid in the above-mentioned author, to have fufpended his opinion of the matter till he had been better informed, as he feems to bear fomewhat hard upon Mr, Pemtanf, who, I am clear, is the firit who has defcribed it. 185 10. BRASILIAN E. O. Le Hiboa da Brefil, Brif, orn. i. p. 499. N<* 8. Cabure, ou Caboure, Buf. ci/. i. p. 383. Nomina Brafilienfibas Caimrt diAa, Rati Syn. p. 26. N" 7. Cabare, WUL om, p. 107. N* 8. CIZE of a Thrufli. Bill yellowifli: iris yellow: under the Discriptiow. eyes, and the fides of the bill, befet with long brown hairs : the body is of a pale ferruginous brown above, fpotted with white : about the ears the fame : beneath it is whitilh, marked with pale ferruginous brown fpots : tail the fame, waved with white : the wings reach very little beyond the origin of the tail : the legs are fliort, and feathered to the toes, with ycllowilh fea- thers : the toes are yellow : claws black. Inhabits Brafil. • Hifi. da Oif, vol. i. p. 353. note (a.) M.de 126 O W L. M, de Buffon fuppofes this bird to be the fame with that fttfti- tioncd by Kolben * in his hiftory of the Cape; and adds from Marc- gravcy that it is eafily tamed j that it will play with any one like a Monkey ; that it can turn it's head quite round, fo that its bill quite touches the back, and frequently puts itfelf into very droll attitudes, ^c. > . I i II. MOTTLED* E. O N. S. Descriptiow. Mottled Owl, Cat, N. Amer, anim. p. 9. ? I Am. Zool. tsk" Lev. Muf, 'T' H E length of this fpecies is eight inches and a half. The bill is brown : irides yellow : the plumage on the upper partj of the body is of a grey colour, mottled with ferruginous and black : the (haft of each feather is black, with three or four waved bars of the fame on each fide : thefe marks are the fame, but more diftindt, beneath, where the ground colour is paler : the feathers round the face are tipped with black, as are the fea- thers of the breaft alfo : the ears are an inch or more in length : the legs are feathered to the toes : the claws are b-own. Inhabits North America. • l-loihen obferves, that at the CaU if Good Hope there arc a great quantity of Owls, of the fame fize with thofe of Europe, which are pa'ayred and partly blbc'., with a mixture of grey, which renders them very tcautiful, and that the Europtans there let them run tame about their houfes, to char them of Rats. See Hifl. Cat, vol. iii. p. 198, 199. From the circumAance of their being eaftly tamed, as thofe are at Brafil, and being nearly in the ^ame latitude, he thinks it poi&ble that they may be, in fadl, varieties of the fame fpecies. . r. Little |1r o w u 127 Little Hawk Owl of Ceylon, /» ou petit Due, Su/. oif. i. p. 353. t. 24. "—Pi. tnl. 436. Scops Aldrovandi^ Rati fyn. p. 25, N' 3. Little Horn-owl, i^///. om. p. 101. t. 12. •Tr HIS elegant fpecies meafures in length feven inches and a quarter. The bill is black : irides yellow : the whole of the bird is variegated with grey, rufous, brown, and blackilh \ on the upper parts the brown predominates, on the under parts the grey : quills tranfverfely barred with rufous white : the ears con- lift only of one feather each '■ legs covered to the toes with rufous grey feathers, fpotted with brown : the toes and claws are like- wife brown. M. de Buffon obferves, that the two fingle feathers which com- pofc the ears are very ftiort, and are with difficulty difcovered in the dead bird, as well as not fufficiently apparent t liftjnguifli this from the Little Owl without ears, at a diftance. .i difFers much in colour from age or fex j — when young, it is wholly of i grey colour; and among the older ones, fome are browner than others : the colour of the iris likewife keeps pace with the above circumftances, being of a pale yellow in the young birds, and cither of a deeper yellow, or hazel, in the old ones. Thefe birds are common in many parts of Europe^ on the con- tinent, but have not hitherto been obferved in England, In France they arrive and depart much about the fame time with the Swallow. At certain times they wage war with the Field MicCy which have been known to multiply in fome years fo much, as V S to »5' SCOPS. £. O. DEICItlPTION. OBSiitVATior;r* Place an5 I n^ i«s«iiii.«ii«B«.iife:aS<«i >,• ■« : 130 OWL. to become an heavy fcourge to thofe parts which they infeft, eating up all the corn. On this occjfion it has happened, that thefe Owls have arrived in large troops, and have attacked thofe depredators lo uiccefsfully, as to deftroy the whole of them in afhorttime*. '■:f' 16. SIBERIAN E. O. Pl.V. fig. I. DiscRiPTiorr. Stryx Pulchella, Pallas Tra-v. vol. i. p. 456. N" 8. Strix capice aurito, e Gente fua miaima, &c. No-v. com, ac. Petrcp, vol, xv- p. 490. t. 26. f. I, Lev. Muf. npHlS fpecies weH deferves the name given to it by Dr. PallaSy as it is a moft beautifully pencilled bird. I fhould think it the lead of all the fpecies hitherto known, being in length only Jix inches j- i if uny thing, rather lefs : the w^eight very little more than one ounce. The head is lefs tumid than in the pajferinat and fmaller in proportion, and above all, is remarkably eared. The bill is brown : the irides of a pale yellow : the ec ^ lea- thers above one inch in length : the circle of feathers which fur- rounds the eyes is fmall, and above the eyes fcarcely perceivable ; towards the eyes is a white fpot : the body above is cinereous, delicately powdered and undulated : the fhaft of each feather brown i beneath whitilh, with broad black Ihafts, and fcattered * A remark of the fame kind is mentioned by Dalt, afcer ChtUrey, to this purport : •* In the year 1580, at Halhntide, an army of mice fo over-run the niarflies near South Minfter, that they eat up the grafs to the very roots ; but at length a great number of ftrange painted Owls came and devoured all the mice. The like happened in EJjTex in 1648." Dale, Harwich, app. p. 397. note 2. Thefe mud have been one of our Eared Owls above-mentioned, and not the Staps, as M, de Buffon thinks. t The Ptterjburgh Tran/a£lieni fay above nine inchest 10 here I :r ;,ii;i f. U\ ■ .f; ■ 35 DiscRimoK, w Manners. \4f ft • i im i ii \ i ji 136 OWL. Strix fylveftrisf Snf, Jmh. i. p. 21. N* 13* 31. AUSTRIAN o» DiscRiPTioN. CjIZE of a Cock. Bill yellowifh : irides glaucous: the circle of feathers furrounding the face is whitifli, beginning at the bafe of one ear, and pading over the forehead to the bafe of the other, having an elegant appearance : the body variegated with white and brown. Plack. Inhabits Carniola. ScopoH fuppofes it to be that in Kram, Eknch. p. 324. N°7. Strix alba« Scop. Ann. p. 21. N" 14. 22. AUSTRIAN WHITE O. Description. ALMOST as big as an Hen. The bill is white : the body above fpotted with rufous and grey ; beneath wholly white : circle of the face encompafled with a rufous margin, which makes it appear very beautiful : tail tipped with white. AUSTRIAN ^^'^ noSua, Seep. Ann, p. 22. N** 15. RUFOUS O. DB3CRIPTI0K. CI ZE of a Dove. Irides yellow : colour of the plumage pale rufous, longitudinally marked with brown fpots. Inhabits Carniola : very plenty in the woods about Laubach I W * H" Strix OWL, 137 24. AUSTRIAN Strlxrufa. 5«/.^«».i.p.22.N'»i5. ' FERRUGINOUS CIZE of the laft. Iridcs blueilh : body ferruginous, fpotted Description. with brown. Inhabits the woods of Idria. For thefe four we are indebted to Scopoli ; upon whofe fole authority I place them here as diftindt Ipecies j for I can by no means reconcile them to thofe of any other author. Upon the authority of it's author likewife, will reft the following. Ulula five No£lua minor Dorfo ferrugineo. Ventre albido, Salem, or/t, p. j6. TLfR- SALE RN E mentions an Owl which was fome years f nee fent him from Sohgney which he thought different from any y: defcribed. It weighed half a pound; the length was fifteen inches, and the breadth three feet. The bill fhort : the upper mandible blackifh, and the tongue cloven : top of the head, and outer circle of the feathers of the face, rufcus and white mixed j ^bout the bill, and clofe to the eyes, more inclined to white : the upper part of the body blackifh brown, with a mix- ture of fulvous : tail fix inches long : the belly, under the wings, and tail white, crofTed with blackifh towards the outer edge of the tail-feathers : legs and thighs fhort, and feathered to the toes, which were of an horn-colour. 25. SOLOGNESE O. Dbscriptxoh. I ■ • !l iiii Strix 1^8 OWL. Ih 26. WHITE Df8CI.IPTI0If* Manners. Strix flammea, tin.fyft, i.'p. 133. N* 8, Le petit Chathuant, Brif. oth. i. p. 503. N" 2. L'Effreic, ou Le Frcfaie, Buf. eif. i. p. 366. t. 26.. ' PI. tnl. 440, 474. Aluco minor Aldrovandi, Raiijyn. ip. z^. A. i. Common Barn, o.- White Owl, fTill. era. p. 104. t. 13. Schlever Eule, Perl Eule, Fri/eb. t. 97. — Kramer, p. 324. N* j} White Owl, Br. Zool. N«» (n.-^Albin. vol. ii. t. 11. Jtmtr. Zool, N' I. ilr. M/. iri/. /Wa/. ^ HIS bird is fo well known, as fcarcely to need the fhortcft defcription, did not our plan of giving an account of every fpecics render it neceflary. Mr. Pennant fays that the ufual weight is eleven ounces; the length fourteen inc'ies j breadth three feet. The circle of fea- thers round the eyes is white : the upper parts of the body, the coverts, and fecondaries, pale yellow ; on each fide of the fhafr. arc two grey and two white fpots placed- alternate : juter fides- of the quills yellow, the inner white, marked on each fide with> four black fpots : beneath wholly \ihite : interior fides of the. tail-feathers white j the exterior marked, with obfcurc duflcy bars : legs feathered to the feet, which are covered with fhort hair > : edge of the middle claw ferrated. The manners of this bird are known to t^i^ery farmer ; •^'hofc barns fupply them with food, and under whofe protedion they live. Their food is only mice. I have received a fpecimen of this from Jamma, no ways differing from that of Ep^^and, Strix. ^mt o w i« »J9 Strix ftridula, Lin.fyjl. i. p. 133. N° D° t. 95. thefemalt. Brown Owl, Mbin. vol. i. t. 9. Tawny Owl, Br. Zocl. N" 68.— y*w. Zm/. N" Br. Muf. Lev, Muf. ^T'HE length of this fpecies is fourteen inches; breadth two Desc&iption. feet eight inches j weight of the female nineteen ounces. The head, back, wing-coverts, and fcapulars, of a fine tawny-red, ele- gantly fpotted and powdered with black or duflcy fpots of va- rious fizes : on the coverts and fcapulars feveral large white ipots : tail-coverts of a plain tawny-colour : the tail itfelf vari- oufly blotched, barred, and fpotted with pale red and black \ in the two middle feathers the red predominates : the brealL and belly arc yellowilh, mixed with white, and marked with narrow black ftrokes, pointing downwards : legs feathered down to the toes. This is Mr. Pennant^ defcription, who adds, that the iri- des are duflcy. M. de Buf on fays th y are blucifh, and thofe of the White Owl yellow*. The male is darkeft in colour. * I fancy this author means, that the feathers which immediately furround the eyes are yellow, which is the cafe ; for I do not remember to have feen this kind of Owl with yellow irides. T a It I ■ : 'I !';'>; ' i". HO OWL. It keeps altogether in woods, where it is found the whole year. . . . Place. This fpecies is found throughout Europe^ and in America like- wife, even in the hotter parts, as it has been received from St. DomingOy at lead a trifling variety, having the breaft and belly, rufous, and fcarcely fpotted at all, as alfo the colours on the upper parts of the body of a deeper cafl. 28. BROWN O. Strix ulula, Lin. Syji. 1. P"I33> N** 10. La Grande Chouette, Bri/. orn. i. p. 51 1. N'' 4. La Chouette, ou Grande Cheveche, Buf. oif. i. p. 372. t. 27, PI. tnl. 438. . Stein Eule, Frifch. t. 98. Great Brown Owl, Albin. iii. t. 7. Grey Owl, WiU. orn, p. 103 ? Brown Owl, Br. Zool. N° 69 ? Br. Mttf, Ltv, Muf. h'!S Descriptiok. 'T^H I S bird, by M. de Buffon's defcription, appears to he much lefs than the laft, , and eafily diftinguiflied from it by the irides, which are yellow j whereas in the other they are blueifh: the feathers encircling the eyes are white, as- in the Barn Owl j which is more like this than any other, both of them having fome yellow. on the belly, and both being of nearly the fame fizej but this Owl is in general much browner than the Barn Owl, and marked with fpots, both larger and of a greater length, tending to a point in Ihape more like the flame of a candle, while the fpots in the Barn Owl are rounded like drops i whence the name of No£lua guttata j and with as gieit .. propriety ' ; . 1 if O W L. propriety this has been called Flammeata. The legs too are bet- ter clothed with feathers, and the bill quite brown, being in the Barn Owl whitifli, with the tips only brown. The female is paler than the male. M. de Buffon fcems acquainted with this bird, and fays it does not frequent woods in the manner of the lall fpeciesj for the moft part inhabiting rocks and quarries; feldom or never being feen in woods : that it is confiderably lefs than the laft, being only ele- ven inches from the tip of the bill to the end of the daws. From it's being, likened by the above author to the Barn Owl, by it's having yellow irides, by it's being fcmuch lefs in fize, and frequenting cavernous and rocky places rather than forefts, it vihould feem to be quite a different bird from the Brown Owl de- fcribed by Mr. Pennant ^ N° 6^^ notwithftanding fome of the fy- nonyms are the fame with both thofe or Linn^us and Buffon. Mr. Pennant fays that the bird he means agrees with the Tawny Owl entirely in the markings, differing only in colour; his bird having the head, wings, and back, of a deep brown,, fpotted w4th black, ' as in the other : wings, fcapulars, and quills, the fame : the breaft of a pale a(h, mixed with tawny, and marked with oblong jagged fpots : the feet too feathered to the claws : the circle of the face afh-coloured, fpotted with brown. He likewife fays that they both inhabit woods. This author does not mention the irides in his defcription, but fays. that thofe of the Tawny Owl are dufky. I have in my coUeflion two Wood Owls, both not much difirr- ing in the general markings, but one of them much inclining to tawny, where the other is brown : bath of thefe had the eyes of a blue black, as M. de Buffon exprefles thofe of the Tawny Owl to be; 141 ! C . i i 1 i i ; 1 __yj^t!-j*^y^*^»^ 142 OWL. 1)6 ; I therefore fate them down as varieties only of t!ie fame fpeciesj or at leaft different in fex. If the cafe be not Coy I am not at all clear about the two Owls mentioned by Mr. Pennant, as he cer- tainly would not have omitted the circumftance of the yellow irides, had it ever come before him. As I therefore have it not in my power to fettle this matter to my wifhes, I muft leave it to future naturalifts, to whom a better opportunity of invefti- gating the matter may chance to offer itfelf. According then to M. de BuffoHy the following are thus diftinguifhed : The Hulotte, N° 20, has black irides j the Chathuanty N' 27, blue ones ; thofe of the EffraiCy or Barn Owl, N" 26, orange j and the Grand ChevecbCy N° 28, of a fine yellow, with the bill brown j the Chevechcy or Little Owl, N° 40, having pale yellow irides, and a brown and orange bill. CANADA O. DlSCRirTIOM. Strix funerea, Lin. Sjjl. i. p. 135. N° 11. Le Chathuant de Canada, Sri/, em. i. p. 518. N° 6. t. 37. f. 2. La Chouette, ou Grande Cheveche de Canada, Buf. oij. i. p. 391. N* jt Canada Owl, Amer, Zoel. N° Ltv. Mh/, jgRIS S O N defcribes this bird in the following manner: — Length thirteen inches. The bill whitifh : irides yellow : the body brown above, fpotted with white : head on the upper part black, with white dots : breaft and belly whitifh, croffed with tranfverfe linear fafciae : greater quills fpotted on each fide the Ihaft with white ; five of the inner ones not fpotted : the tail marked with narrow whitifh bands j the two middle fea- thers whitifh at the tip. M.de m OWL. M. de Buffon remarks, that it is every way like the laft Ipc- cies, except the breaft, which is fafciated. M. Brijfon has likewife comprifed both under the name o( La grand Chouettet vol. vi. App^ ?• 3*« Notwithftanding whofe opi- nions, Dr. Forjier mentions it as a diftinft fpecies, by name of Cabeticuchy or Cabaductitchy and fays it anfwers exadly to the de- fcriptibn of Linnaus, — The male is largeft, the colour darker,, and the fpots more diftinft than in the female. The weight is twelve ounces,, length feventeen inches, and the breadth two feet. It inhabits HudforCs Bay, and has two young at one hatch<- ing. • Linnaeus mentions it in x}[it Fauna Suecica, N° 75, as a bird be- longing to Sweden, and quotes the fame plate of Frifcb in the Fauna, as he does for the Ulula in the Syftema, Thel'e birds then, cannot be much unlike. Le Chathuant At la Baye de Hudfon, Bri/, em.u p. 520. N° 7. Caparacoch, Buf, oif. i. p. 385. N° 2. Little Hawk Owl, Ediu. ii. t. 63. Hawk Owl, Am, Zeol. N» L*v. Muf% r43 1^ ' li I ifi-' 30' HAWK. O. A Little bigger than a Sparrow Hawk. Bill and irides orange : top of the head brown,, fpotted with white : face white, fliadcd with brown, and furrounded with black : body above brown, the feathers with white edges ; beneath white, tranfverfely barred with bKown : rump dingy brown, banded with paler brown : <^ills fpotted with white on. the outer edge: tail banded with white: DSSCRIPTJOV* H4- Manners. 31' MEXICAN O. O W L. white : wings and tail longer than in other Owls : legs feathft/ed to the toes : claws blackilli. This fpecies inhabits Hudfoti's Bajy where it feems to have taken the name of Hawk Owly from having much of the air of the Hawk tribe, and preying by day^ in that differing from mod of the Owl genus. Mr. Edwards fays that it is a very bold bird, preying chiefly on the Pfarmigany Oi fFhite Partridge. It frequently attends the fportfman while on his excurfions with his gun, and will often, on a bird's being Ihot, carry it off, before any one elfe can pick it up. That in the Leverian Mufeum is of a much larger fize than above-mentioned, perhaps differing in fex. Le Chathuant du Mexique, Bri/. cm, i. p. 523. N<^9. Chichi£kli, Rait Sjn, p. 160. Dbscription. ^yHIS bird is very full of feathers, appearing as big as a Hen. The eyes are black : eyelids blue : the body wholly varied with fulvous, white, brown, and black: the legs feathered. This is the whole defcription of it found in Ray, from Fernandez *, Inhabits Mexico. ^.Uifi.tJru,Hifpt p. 18. cap. 18* m fi tfe^:^- ■ .■^-fi^v^it.^.^^^.^.... »45 3*' NEW SPAIN O. BgSCRIPTION. OWL. La Chouette du Mexlque, Brif, orn. i. p. 524. N° io> Tolchiquatli^ Raii Syn, p. 160. npHIS too, like the lafl, appears bigger than it really is, on account of it's full plumage. The bill is black j feathers furrounding it white : irides pale yellow : body above variegated with black, pale yellow, white, and fulvous : belly white : under wing-coverts black, with a mixture of fulvous : legs wholly covered with pale fulvous feathers : claws black. This defcription is fomewhat fuller than the laft, but not fuf- ficient to determine the fpecies to the later writers, who have merely followed the words of Rayj who has defcribed both this and the laft after Fernandez** Inhabits Mexico. La Chouette de Coquimbo, Sri/, em. i. p. 525. N* ii. COQJJIMBO Ululacunicularia, Klein. Av. p. 57. N» g.—Ftuill. Obf. pbyf. p. 562. td. ty 14. O. CIZE of the Brown Owl. Bill pale grey : head, throat, neck, Descriptiok. breaft, back, wings, and rump, fulvous grey, beautifully fpotted with white : belly and under tail-coverts dirty white : tail itfelf the fame, without any markings : wings, when folded, reach the end of the tail : legs covered with feathers like hairs : claws black. This is an inhabitant of Cbilii efpecially about Coquimbo, Plac^. M.Feuillee calls it the Rabbit Owl, from it's frequenting the bur- • Hiftt N. Hifp* p. 36. cap, 107. U ■j»fM«»^ •1 1 m li; rw m ■'' rows 14^5 O W L, rows of thefe animals in the ground, or rather, according to him, making holes in the ground of itfelf. But this laft fadt M. de Buff on thinks is not clear : he fuppofes it to have great analogy,, if not the fame with La grande ChevechCy or Brown Ow/, N" 28. M. du Tertre * mentions an Owl, frequenting the iflands of Jmerica, which lays it's eggs and hatches it's young in holes in the ground j and fays it has a black and white plumage, and frequents mountainous parts. 34. ST. DOMINGO O. Description. La Chouette, ou grande Cheveche de St. Domingue, Bu/. oif. i. p. 392, N" 6. np H I S is more like the Brown Owl than any other j but M. de Buffon thinks it a different fpecies from any yet de- fcribed. This has a more crooked, larger, and ftronger bill than any other. The belly is of a plain rufous colour, with a few longitudinal fpots on the breaft only; whereas the Chouette of Europe has both the breaft and belly marked with great brown flame-Jhaped fpots. This was fent from 5/. 'Domingo, i ■, ,1 !)■:''= *.i 35- CAYENNE O. Description. Le Chathuant de Cayenne, Buf. oif, i. p. 59?. - - PL enl. 442. C I Z E of the Tawny Owl. Bill flefli-colour : irides yellow v. feathers encircling the eyes afh-colour \ near the eye black : general colour rufous, ftriated, both above and beneath, with narrow tranfverfe waved brown lines : claws black. • Hifl. des JntiUeSy vol. ii. p. 257. "his )lf*At-i','.- .^rii:. Wfitti OWL. 147 This bird inhabits Cayenne, and, according to M. de Buffotiy is PtAci. a new fpecies, not before defcribed. 3<5. CASPIAN O. Descriptiok* Stryx acclpitrinus. Pall. Foy. ill. 455. N° 6. ■ $.G. Gmeliu, vol. ii. 162. t. 9. CI Z £ of the Brown Owl. Bill and irides citron-colour 1 the feathers encircling the face occupy lefs fpace than in mod Owls ; thefe are white forwards, and incline to ferruginous behind, the outer circle varied with luteous and black : on the eyelid, behind, is d black fpot : the body on the upper parts in- clining to luteous J beneath, of a luteous white, ftreaked longi- tudinally with blackifh j between the legs fpotted with the fame : vent white : greater quills luteous ; lefler ones white, teflellated with black : lower wing-coverts black at the tips : tail fliorter than the wings, rounded j whitifh on the fides, and tranfverfely banded with black : legs luteous, covered to the toes with white downy feathers. Inhabits the borders of the Cafpian Sea, Plac«» It feems fomewhat allied to the Hawk Owl of Edwards, N° 30, above-mentioned. This I think poflible, from the lati- tudes of both places not differing much, and that more than one of our Owls are indigenous both to Europe and America, making a trifle of allowance for variation of climate. It is likewife to be obferved, that it is called by Dr. Pallas, accipitrinus, or the Hawk Owl, 'f^ Ua Stryx ^i* :%: I )i 143 OWL. 37- URAL O. Descriftiok. iftfifatifHiilii! m li'l Placi* Stryx Uralenfis, Pa//. Fey. i. 455. N" 7. Chouette a longue queue de Siberie, P/. en/. 463 i 'in H E fize of this bird is not mentioned, only that it is very full of feathers. The bill is of the colour of wax : eyelids within, and irides, black : feathers furrounding the eyes cinere- ous, encircled with black and white feathers, and reaching quite from the forehead to the throat : the colour of the upper part of the body not unlike that of the Aluco, N" 20, but paler, and with fcarce any undulation on the feathers : the parts beneath, except a few very flender lines, are quite white : rump white : the outer edges of the three outer quills ferrated the v. le of their length ; the fourth and fifth are ferrated likewife, but only at the ends ; the firft quill is the fhorteft : the tail is cuneiform, and longer in proportion than in the Aluco : the legs covered with dirty white down. I am much of opinion, that the bird in the Planches enlumineesy made fynonymous with this, may prove the fame, as the name perfectly agrees, being taken from the length of tail, which is fo defcribed in that above. In the Planches enlumineesy the irides are yellow: face and cheeks whi- tilh : head brown and white, mixed : upper parts of the body whitifli, fpotted with brown black -y beneath the fame, with flen- der lines of brown : on the wings are four bars of brown j the greater quills barred irregularly with the fame : tail brown, pretty long, and marked with feveral flender bars of white : legs, feathered to the claws, and of a pale colour. Thia is a native of Siberia. i I OWL. Ltv, Mu/» T ENGTH feven inches. Bill brown: irides yellow: parts above of a light chocolate brown colour, with fpots of white on many of the feathers, but not regular : the feathers on the top of the head marked with a few palifh fpots : thofe which furround the eyes are of a pale afli j clofe to the eyes black, the outer part of the circle mixed with white : on the outer edges of the prime quills are four or five fpots of white on each ; the outer edges of fome of the coverts- and lelTer quills are marked in the fame manner, and there appear a few white fpots alfo on the tail : the under parts, from the chin to the middle of the belly, are of a dufky white, fomewhat inclined to ferruginous about the neck : on the breaft and belly, each fea- ther is dafhed with ferruginous down the (haft, extending on each fide of it : the legs are covered to the toes with feathers of a dirty buff-colour : the toes are brown. This defcription was taken from a bird in my poflefllon which came from North America. A drawing of this bird, lent to me by Captain Daviesy makes it an inhabitant of Nova Scotia, 149 38. 4- ACADIAN O. N. S. PI. V. fig. 2. DsSCRlFTIOir. Plack. J9- CIZE of the Little Owl. Bill horn-colour, with a black tip: iris yellow : general colour fulvous ; but the upper parts of the body are brown, fpotted with white, with a mixture of ful- vous : the under parts are fulvous, but the circle round the face is fomewhat paler than the reft.. Inhabits NEW ZEELANI> O. N. S. Description^ H^i' ■ ; iHlMllli ■ fi lii- ' :l;ii \ i ! ■' • i r' I ! ^'1 ,^- 150 O W L. Place . Inhabits New Zecland — I think Dr. Forfier^ who mentioned the above fpecics to me, faid in ^lun Charlotte's Sound i but am not certain. 40. •f- LITTLE O. Strix paflerina, Lin, Syjl. p. 133. N<* 12. ■ Scop. Ann. i. p. 22. N' 17. La petite Chouette, Brif, orn. i. p. 514. N" 51 La Cheveche, ou petite Chouette, Buf. eif. i. p. 377. t> 28. ■ — — — ■ ■■ P/. tnl. 439. NoAua minor, /2<»V Syn. p. 26. N? 6. — — — -^— iV. C. ^. /"^/r. vol, XV. p. 447. 1. 12 ? Little Owl, Will. em. p. 105. pi. 13. , Kleinlle Kautzlein, Frifcb. t. 100. Little Owl, Edw. glean, t. 228. — Albin. ii. t. 12. Br. Zool. N" -JO.— Am. Zcol N' Br. Muf. Lev, Muf. Description. 'TPHI S is a fmall fpecies, in length not much exceeding eight inches. The bill is blackifh, with a yellowiih tip: irides pale yellow: head, back, and wing-coverts, brown, inclining to olive; the firft and the laft fpotted with white : the circular feathers on the face white, tipped with black : under parts of the body white, fpotted with brown : the tail brown, tranfverfely barred with rufous on each fide the Ihaft, and tipped with white. Mr. Pen- nant adds, that the tail is barred with white likewife, which is the cafe in a fpecimen of mine ; fo we may fuppofe them to vary in this circumftance : the legs are covered with rufous grey down : the toes are brown, and the claws of a brownifli colour. M. de Buffon mentions one which was fent him from St. Do- .mingOj which varied in having lefs white on the throat, with brown II — -j ipi ^ K OWL. brown bands on the bread inftead of longitudinal Tpots j alfo another variety from Germany^ with black irides, and the whole plumage darker than common. M. Frifch too has coloured his bird with dark blue irides : hence we may fuppofe them to be of a different colour, according to the various parts which they in- habit. Dr. Forjier * remarks that this bird is called by the natives of Hudfon's Bay, Shipomos-pijh. M. de Buffon fays it is rare in France, in comparifon with the other Owls; frequenting ruined edifices, and the like, ruher than woods, in which laft it is feldom found. It makes it's neft in the holes of rocks, old walls f , and the like, in the mofl: retired places, laying five eggs, fpotted with white and a yellowifh colour. It fees very well in the day-time, when it gives chace on the wing to Swallows and other fmall birds, though feldom is able to take them. It has better fuccefs with rats and mice \ but cannot fwallow any of them whole, as the other Owls are known to do; but, tearing them into morfels, eats the flefli only. I am not quite clear about the NoSfua minor, referred to in the Peter/burgh 'Tranf actions, as it is a foot in length, and the fize of the XJlula, or Tawny Owl j however it is there likened to this : and it is farther mentioned, that the quills are varied with brown and yellowiflij that it has much yellow in the belly, and the chin white. »Si fcNl Flaci ANIk Manners. il I ll ■;.« f 1' \-% \ ^ \ • Phil. Tranf. vol. Ixli. f Scapoli fays it builds in chimnies in Carniola : perhaps it was the attempt to do this, that caufed two of them to come down two different chimnies in Eng- land, where they were taken, as mentioned by Mr, Edivara's, in his account of this bird. See vol. v. pi. 228. Id) 152 ) ' OWL. I do not find any new /pedes of Owl the produce of the laft voyage to the South Seas. Some, indeed, have been brought home i but, as far as have come under my infpeflion, prove to be mere varieties of thofe defcribed before, viz. a fine variety of !.hc Canada Owl, N''29, the ground-colour of a fine chocolate-brown. This came from the Sandwich I/lands. I likewife obferve two flight varieties of the White Owl, N''26 ; the one rather larger, and the other a trifle fmaller than the Eu- ror 3an fpecies. Thefe came from the Southern Ocean with the other. I have remarked before, that the Pf'hite Owl is an inhabitant of the hotter climates *, as well as the colder ones ; and thefe being found in iflands of thf. Southern Ocean alfo, prove the circum- fliance not to be uncommon ; though nature, from having pro- vided fuch warm clothing, feems to have intended them for the ^older regions only. * Being found in "Jamaica, See page 1 38.— Aifo in Brajil. Sec Marcg. Nat. HiJI. Bra/, p. 205, called the Tuidara. ORDER AN*!>-«5 r '^f-< -V "«- [ *53 ] O R D E R IL PIES, Genus IV. SHRIKE. iE!i K* I. Fork-tailed crefted. a. Fcrk-tailed. J. Cheftnut-barked, 4. Great cinereous. Var. A. Var. B. Louifiane. 5- 6. Senegal, 7. Collared. ^. Ferruginous-bellied. 5. Tabuan. 10. Pacific. 11. Northern. 12. Black-headed. Short-tailed. Rufous-tailed. Red-backed. Variegated. Wood-chat. Var. A. 18. Crefledred. 19. Hook-billed, 13. 14. IS- 16. 17. N" 20. 2U 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. 28. 29. 31- 32. 33- 34. 35- 36. 37- S Antiguan. Luzonian, Chinefe. Barbary. Madagafcar, Bengal. Jocofe. Rock. Var. A. Leffer Rock, White-wreathed. Blue. Green. Rufous. White-headed. White-billed. Var. A. Dominican. Panayan. Crefted. Grey. Var. A. Tyrant: Var. A. St. Domingo T. Var. B. ?t t 'M lillIMM i-Smtiaikis.m.i<- 5 5.4 SHRIKE. Var.B. Caroline T. N' 43. White-fhouldered, Var. C. LoLiifiane T. 44. Pied. N^38. Black. 45. Spotted. 39- Brafilian. 46. Dulky. 40. Yellow-bellied. 47. Brown. 41. Cayenne. 48. Red. Var. A. Spotted ditto. 49. Magpie.. 42. White. TH E Sbrikej or Butcber-hirdy has the following cfiarac- terirtics : The bill ftrait at the bafe, with the end more or lefs bent, and a notch near the tip of the upper mandible. The bafe not furnilhed with a cere. The tongue jagged at the end. The outer toe conneded to the middle one, as far as the firft joint *. From the variety of fcntiments, in regard to the place whicK thefe birds lliould hold' in the fyftem of ornithology, many doubts have formerly arifen with me about them ; but while I. fix in my own mind the place they are to occupy in this work, it is but juft that the reafons for fo doing fliould not be withheld, from the reader. Mr. Ray f ranks the Shrike among h\^ Jhori-ivinged Hawks, but takes in only the three forts mentioned in the Br. Zoology j with a fourth, wliich is mod likely a variety. M, dc Buffon places them • Mr. Sccpoli adds, that the fegments of the (kins are feven in number; but wiiether this will be fufficient to determine particular genera thoroughly, will le soted hereafter. t Syn, avium, p. 18. 9 after s'»ii!W»MM8agfTO&-g?a!8»w.^>!..,:q7f' rfrri ■iiiii S H R I K E. after the Falcon tribe, on account of their ferocity*, but takes in only the birds recorded by Rayy with fuch foreign fpecies as are analogous thereto f . M. Brijfon, on the contrary, puts them at the head of his fifth order, along with the 'Thrufljes and Chatterers ; both of them truly belonging to the Pajferine order of molt fyftematifts. Sir C. Linnausy in refped to this matter, has held at different times more opinions than one. In his J^auna Suec. of 1746, he makes it a Chatterer (Pafferine) ; and in his lalt edition of this book, he brings back the Chatterer to his Laniusy then firft formed into a genus., and placed in the Acdpitrine order, taking in two fpecies of 7'itmice'^. In both the tenth and twelfth editions of the Syjletiici Nalur^y this Author has added confidcrably to this genus ; in the firft, returning the Titmice to their proper place ; and in the laft, throwing the Chatterers into a feparate genus, and this with the ut- moft propriety : but, notwithfbanding he has ranked the Lanius genus among the Jcciptres, it is not without a particular noted, <;onfefllng his fcntiments to be wavering -, and it is moft likely, that had he lived to utter another edition, we fiiould have fcen • If fcrocioufnefsalone ferveas acharaftct, why not bring in the Tjra/tt of America, ranked by him among the Flycatchers? a bird infinitely more audacious than any of the Shrikes, giving law to the Eaglg himfelf ; and on this account, as well as the conformity of bill, &c. ranked by Linmeut moft juftly with the Laniin genus. t Vet he fays that the Pie-grieche and Pie ought to be ranked together. " Je penfe que tous deux pourroicnt n'enfaire qu'un, Ics Pies convenant en bcaucoup de chofes avec les Pie-gricches." Hijl. des Oif. i. p. 309. J The Long-tailed Titmoufe and the Manakin. II •' Lanii accedunt Accipitrihus laniena, Picis moribus, Pnfcrihus ftatura, •adeo^ue inter hos medii." Syjl. Na:. id. 12. p. 134, note at bottom. X a thcfc 155 1 1 t ' li: H ^H i > ■ ' fc H ¥m ' 1 1 'iiii {I !1 '>k every country houfewife is aflured of the fa6t. The greater Tii-- motife alfoi in this fenfe, may be truly called a bird of prey, as it • *' Nee mco judicio erraret, qui eafdem Corvis atinumeraret." Kram. EJen, Aufir. p. 364. t Ann.. lUJi, Nat. i. p, 23. ' X Mr. Ed'-wards mentioned the fame in his Hifl. of Birds, vo\. il. p. 56. I] Khigfifher, Woodpecker, Hoopoe, Wryneck, Sec. § Kramer has placed the Parrot with his Jccipi/res, I fliould think, on account •f this cJrcumftance ; it could be on no other. Eleu, Aujlr. p. jjz. frequently >']m^^ig^*-'m^;f_^ 5 H R I K E. frequently feeds on flefh*j nay, fo fond is the bird of it, that if at any time it obferves, even one of its own fpecies in a fickly or weak ftate, it purfues, and, picking a hole in the fkull, feafts on the brains. In one thing, however, I am clear, that the Rapacious, and particularly the Falcon tribe, differs from the order of Pies ; which is, in their averfion to all vegetable matter whatever, infomuch that we are told it would caufe their death fhould they touch iff; and they have likewife, it is faid, full as great an abhorrence of water, as mentioned, p. 117 : now it is well known that the Shrikes do drink, and, if our thirty-fixth fpecies be ad- mitted as one, cannot live without that element; frequenting only fuch places where it may be found, their prefence alone pointing out to the thirfty traveller a relief to his wants. As to the ra- pacious order, I Ihould think their refufing drink may arile from the juices of the raw flefh being alone fufficient to fatisfy them X' After v/hat' has been faid, I will take up the reader's time no longer, but proceed in enumerating the particular fpecies belong- ing to this genus. • Both this and the little blue Titmcvjl will often attend the butcher's ihop in winter, and pick up little bits of meat. ..s well as fat ; of whicli lall they are \ery fond, infomuch that in winter it proves a good hut for them in a trap-fall. f '• Pane ingefto moriuntur." Lin. Sjft. Nat. i. p. 128. ;>/ the nott: X Dr. Lath, oi Greefinjuich, informs me of a circumftance ^nreming to prove what is here .. %anced. He has kept an Eagle for fome time. This bird, fo lonij as in health, will never tcuch water, though con.,. p.:'y within the reacli of him ; but fo r ften as he appears in the 'e.-Jl out ol order, and, in courfe, his apf ite not fo good as u'ual, he will gli<-ly drink water by gulps, as freely as an;- :thfr bird ; nor is he in the Icaft atVaid of any one obferving hij» to do this, as remarked by M. d« Buf.n, ia our note, p. 117. Lan!u3 157 n ]•! I ! kitlMlilks'' ' II i! I5S FORK-TAILED CRESTED SHRIKE. SHRIKE. Lanlus forHcatus, Lii:, Syji. i. p. 134, N' i. Lc Grand Gobe-moiichc noir hupe de Madngafcar, Bri/, i'l. p. 388. N" \S. pi. 37. f.4. Lc Drongo, Buf. tif. iv. p, 586. Gobc-mouche hupe de Madagafcar, P/. enl. 189. Description. CT7E of a Blackbird; length ten inches. Bill black j at the angles of the mouth a few flender bridles : general colour of the plumage greenifli black : on the forehead, juft over the bill, is a creft ftanding upright, near an inch and three quarters in length : tail black, long, and greatly forked j edged with greeniih black : legs and claws black. Female. It is not always furnifhed with a creft; when that is the cafe, fuch fpccimen may probably be taken for a female. Pj,ace. Inhabits Madagascar ^ Chinas and the Cape of Good Hope -y frorrt the lail place is one now in the colledtion of Sir Jc/. Banks. FORK TAILED s. D^SCRIPTIOH. J anius cserulcfcens, J. in Byfl. i. p. 134, N° 2. La Pie-griefche a queue founhuede Bengale, Brif. cm- ii. p. 189. N' 22. LeFingah, Buf. oif. i. p. 308. . Fork-tailed Indian Butcher-Bird, Edsw. i. pi. 56. T EN(i'lil fevcn mrhes and a half: fize of the afli-coloured Shrike. Bill blackifli brown, and bent j the upper mandible bc'.et with black hairs turning forwards : plumage on the upper parts of the body fine black, with a glofi .f blue, and in Ibme lights grren ; under parts white : hrcafl: dark afh-colonr, inclining to black : the greater quills and tail ferruginous black tail pretty 7P 1 SHRIKE, pretty much forked, and the outer feather fpotted with dirty white : legs and claws blackifh. Inhabits Bengal, where it is called Fingah. It is called alfo by the Indians the King of the CrowSy from its purfuing thefe birds from place to place with a great noife, and pecking, them on the j[)ack till they efcape» J^9 Place anu Manners. CHES r NUT- BACKED S. T ENGTHelevtn inches. Bill black : forehead black brown : Description, through the eye and over the eye -brow the fame : the crown, nape, and hind part of the neck, quite to the back, a(h-coloiir :> beginning of the back pale cheftnut : the wings for the mod pare black i the fecondaries margined with ferruginous: throat dufky white i the reft of the under parts quite white : tail black, very cuneiform J the two outer feathers Ihorter by two inches than the middle ones; the two middle ones are ferruginous juft at the rips, the reft more and more fo as they proceed outwardly; the outer one on each fide almoft wholly ferruginous : the legs are black. A fine fpecimen is in Dr. HunUr's Mufeum-, but not known feom whence it came* Mi Tiknias JSl^' 13 ' n; »i .. i i n wiw i5o SHRIKE. 4- +- GREAT CINEREOUS S. .Xanius cxcubitor, Lin. Syji. i. p. 135. N* w.—Seop* am. i, p. 23. N" i8« — MnHer. p. 11. — Brun. 21, 22. La pie-griefche grife, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 141. N' i.'—Bu/, oif, i. p. 296. pl« 20. — PI. enl. 445, Neun-toeder, /"ry/c^. t. 60. A/. ^zW/". — ATraw. p. 364, « Caftrica palombina, 0//«. uccel. t. 41. Greater Butcher-Bird, or Mattagefs, i?a/V _/>!«. p. 18. h. i.'-Will, orn, p« 87. pi. 10. — Albin, ii. pi. 13. Great Shrike, Br. Zool. vol. i. N° 71. pi. 33. — Catejb, Car. app, p. 36.— Amer. Zool, N" 5r. Muf. Lev. Muf. DfiSC-P.lPTION. 1'emale. FuCJ!. A1aNA£RS. T ENGTH ten inches. Bill black : plumage on the upper parts pale arti-colour ; the under white : through the eyes a black flripc: fcapulars white: bafe of the greater quills white j the reft black: the tail fomewhat cuneiform j the two middle feathers are black ; the outmoft on ^ach fide white j thofe between are black, with the ends more or lefs white : the legs are black. Ih^ female is not much unlike the matej differing chiefly in the under r-arts, which arc of a dufky white, marked with tranfverfe femiciicular brown lines. This inhabits many parts o( Europe and North America. The fern lie Inys fix eggs, about as big as thofe of a Thrufli, of a dull olive- green, fpotted at the thickeft end with black: it makes it's neft with heath and mofs, lining it with wool and gofiamer *. It is pretty common in FrancCy but I no where find it the cafe in refpt'ft to England. The manners of this bird are fingular, and worthy of record. » Br. Zoo-l, It H iwmf" Lii|UijiIT-_,iL _;jm SHRIKE. It feeds on infeds and fmall birds, the latter of which it feizes bv the throat, and after ftrangling, fixes them on a fharp thorn, and pulls them to pieces with its bill * : it will often do this when kept in a cage, (licking the food againft: the wires of it -f. In fpring and fummer it imitates the voices of other birds, by way of decoying them within reach, that it may deftroy them ; bet beyond this, the natural note is the fame throughout all feafons. • If a trap-fall be baited with a living fmall bird, it proves a decoy, by which it may be taken in winter. It is obferved to be mute when kept in a cage, though feemingly content. In countries where they are plenty, the hufbandmen value them, on fuppofition of their deftroying rats, mice, and other vermin. Suppofed to live five or fix years ij;. Often trained up for catching fmall birds in Rujfia ||. M. Salerne% calls it a Lanner of the fmall efl: fort. In Carniola it is migratory, coming in MaVy and departing in September ** j which is the cafe alfo in refpedl to the few v/hich are met with in England :\\, i6i \i'0 La grande Pie-grlefche grife, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 146. N° 2. Gro/Tere Neun-toder, Frifch. t. 59. male and femais, Gefner's great Butcher-bird, Will, cm. p. 83. 4- Var. a. 'TpHIS fpecics is clearly no other than a variety of the lad Description. mentioned, differing only in the Icfler wing coverts and fcapulars being fomewhat of a rufous colour: it is of a much • ^Jiv vol.v, p. 233. II Ediu. vol. V. p, 231. f f Albin. vol. ii, p 13. t Br. Zool. % Orn, p. 28. X Olina iiccel. p. 41 . •• Seep. ann. i. p. 23, greater V--- li It 162 4- A''ar. B. "White ^ARIK TV. •h LOufsiANE S. SHRIKE. greater fize than the other ; and, indeed, it is well known that thofe of Sweden and Germany exceed thofe of other parts by much in bignefs. A Variety of this bird * has been known of a pure white throughout, except the bill and claws, which were black, and the legs yellowifii. Lanias ludovicianus, Lin. Syji, i. p. 134. N'^d. La pi^-griefche de la Louiflane, Brif. em. ii. p. 162. N° 8. pi. 15. f. 2* — iy. enl. $gy,—jim. Zoel. N° Description. CIZE of tl>€ cinereous Shrike, which it much refembles, but the^ colours rather darker, and the fcapulars not white : tail fea- thers black J all but the two middle ones have white ends ; the- bafe is alfo white. PtACE. This is a native ai Louifiana. 6. SENEGAL. S. Lanius Senegalus, Lin. SyJI. i. p. 137. N° 21. La pie-griefche grife du Senegal, Brif. orn. ii. p. 167. N° lo, pi. 17. f. i. —PL eni. 297. f. 1. ■Description. T ENGTH eight inches and three quarters: fize of the red- backed. The bill is black i the bafe befet with briftles : the upper part of the head is black : above the eye a dirty white line : through the eye a ftreak of black : upper part of the body grey j * Brjf. em, ii. p. 145, La pie-grie/cht hlancbt. 7 beneath Wf SHRIKE. beneath hoary : wing coverts above rufous : fcapulars brown, edged with rufous; as are the quillr>j but the infide and tips are brown, and edged with rufous within : the two middle tail fea- thers are grey brown, obfoletely ftriated with a darker colour i the reft of the feathers are black, margined on the outer webs and tips with white : legs and claws grey brown. Inhabits Senegal. i6j Place. Lanius collaris, Lin. Syjl, i. p. 135. N" 9. La pie-griefche du Cap de Bonne Efperancc, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 182. pi. IJ. f. I. — PL tni. 477. f. I. CIZE of our cinereous Shrike. Length eight inches and three quarters. Bill blackifh : the head and upper parts of the body are bL^. ki(h j beneath whitifh : bafe of the thighs brown on the fore-part : the edge of the wing white : the fcapulars have a mixture of white, and there is a fpot of the fame in the middle of the quills: the four middle ■ il feathers are black ; the next on each fide, the fam.e, tipped -'ith white ; the fourth has the outer margin and tip white ; and the two ov.ter ones black, with the whole of the outer webs and tips white : legs and claws dufi-cy. Inhabits the Cape cf Good Hope. One of thefe, . hich came under my infpection, had the rump of an elegant aih-culour. CiZE of our cinereous Shrike. Length nine inches. Bill horn- colour: plumag; above brown black : lower part of the back and rump brown : tr.oa': and bread dirty white: belly and vent tail plain black brown : legs black. Y 2 From -ferruginous / COLLARED S. DESCRIPTION. Pla CE. 8. FERRUGINOUS iiELLIED S. D: CP.IPTION. i!l|l IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // A^*^^ .* 1.0 I.I tiitM 125 |jo "^™ MHB ■^ Uii H2.2 Sf L£ 12.0 bfi I IJ& 1-25 111.4 1.6 ^— 6" ^ 0% ^ '/ Photographic Sdences Corporation ^.V .V WIST MAIN SmilT WHSTM.N.Y. USIO (7I6)I72-4S03 4 1^4 SHRIKE. Place. From the Cape of Good Hope. In the collecftion of Mij} Bhmcfiild. At Sir Jof. Banks's thtre is alfo one of thefe from the fame place, which, bcfides the other markings,, has a ftreak cf white on the wing,. parallel to the edge. TABUAN S. Description. Place. lo. PACIFIC S. Description. Lev, Muf, T ENGTH eight inches and three quarters. Bill an inch long, not much curved, and the notch rather fmallj the colour of it brown : the top of the head greenifh brown: upper parts of the body olive brown : fides of the head the fame, but much darker : throat and breafl. alli-colour ; paieft down the fhafts : belly pale yellowifh brown : vent dufky : the whole of the outer edge of the wing, and the greater quills, are black ; the fecond quills are black brown, margined with dufky white : tail . brown : legs the fame : claws black. Inhabits the Friendly JJles in the South Sea. This fpccimen from Tongo '^faboo. T ARGER than a Houfe-fparrow : length eight inches. The bill three quarters of an inch long, flightly curved, emar- ginated, and of a duflcy hue : general colour of the plumage, black : the head and neck glofled with green ; the feathers of both very narrow : belly, quills, and tail, dufky ; the laft even at the end, and three inches in length : legs black; three obliqu© fegments on the fhins : toes divided nearly to their origin j mid- dle toe very long j the hind toe is alfo long, but -^11 the claws of a moderate fize. From .,:^. ■*-. ^ iiiiitt m#mtmmmatmm I ' t,v . I ( ■' i^• I 1^ \'r ^-I'^Ju/r/' /f,fff/tff, //r//f S H R I K E. From Tome of the iflands of the Souih Seas, but uncertain "which. The individual in the pofftfTion o^ Sir J of Banks, ,6s Place. I r. % Lev. Muf. T ENGTH near eight inches. Bill black, not much bent; nollrils round and fmall : at the bafe of the upper mandible five or fix black bridles : the plumage is brown above : chin and brcaft cinereous : belly and vent incline to brown : the four mid- dle, tail feathers plain brown j the reft of the outer ones have the inner webs white at the tips; length of it two inches : legs fliort, and of a lead-colour: claws ftrong, hooked, and brown. Brought from the northern parts of Amur'na by the latc- voyagers. T ENGTH about fi:£ inches. Bill black: crown of the head, fides, and throat, of a Ihining black: upper part of the body olive 'y under parts tiie fame, but paler : rump dufky : quills and fecondaries the fame ; the laft have olive edges : tail rounded j the half next the bafe of an olive-colour, then black : the ends of all the feathers yellow ; the outer ones moft fo, leflening by de- grees to the middle ones, which arc but juft marked with yellow at the tips : legs du(ky. Inhabits the Sandwich IJles in the South Seas. • In this and the following plates a fcale of the length, taken from the tip of the bill lo the end of ihe tail, is added. This fcale, in every cafe, is meant to fignify one twelfth part of the real length of the bird, over which it is placed. Vhere no fcale is added, fuch bird is fuppofed to be of the natural fizc. Lat^ius NORTHERN S. Description. ! 1 Placb. I a; BLACK- HEADl'D S. Pl'. VI. • E8CBIP riON. Placb. ■ i: i66 SHORT- TA[LED S. DcsCRkl'TION. SHRIKE. «>.kii V ■ ,' ^A, Place. Lanius brachyurus, Pallas Trav.l. p. 693. N"5. CIZE of the cinereous Shrike. Top of rhe head ferruginous grey : eyebrows whitifh : from the bill, through the eyes, a ftreak of black : upper parts of the body cinereous grey, verging to ferruginous; under parts yellowifli white: throat and vent plain white : the wings are blackifli : coverts margined with grey at the tip : tail * fhorter than the body; rounded at the end j colour grey brown : all the feathers except the middle ones whito at the ends. Inhabits Hungary^ but not in plenty. Lanlus phaenicurus. Pall. Trav. i. p. 693. N° 6. ♦4- RUFOUS- TAILED S. Dbscription. CIZE of the laft. Upper parts of the body rufous grey : through the eyes a blackifli fafcia : under parts yellowifli white : tail long, rounded at the end i the whole of it and the rump deep rufous. This, Dr. Pallas fays, was once feen by him in the fpring, but the fpecimen decayed before a better account could be drawn up. * Dr. Pallas counted but ten feathers in the tail of this bird* Latiiitf ii ( S H R I K E. 167 Lanius coliurio, Lin. Sy/t. i. p. 136. N" 12. — Scop. AHn, i. p. z^, N* \i).^Kram, p. 363. — Muller, p li. L'Ecorcheur, Brif. ii. p. 151. W 4. — Buf. eif. i. p. 304. pi. 21. — Pl.tnl. 31. f. 2. Lanius minor ruffus feu 3'.''" Aldrovandi, Rati JyH. p. i8. A. 4. Leflcr Butcher-bird, called in Yorkfliire Flu^er, Will, em, p. H.'-Albin. vol. ii. pi. 14. Mcruls congener alia, Raiifjn. p. 67, N" 13 l—WilL orn, p. 195. §5. N° 3 ? Rcd-backcd Shrike, Br. Zool. i. N" 72. Br. Muf, Lev. Mu/» 15- 4- RED- BACKED I ' t T ENGTH feven inches and a half: weight two ounces. Bill black : irides hazel : through the eyes, from the bill, a black ftroke: head and lower part of the back light grey: upper part of the back, and wing coverts, ferruginous: tail black j all the feathers, except the two middle ones, are more or lefs white at the bafe ; the outer web of the outer feather white : the breafl:, belly, and fides, are bloflbm-coloured : the quills brown : the legs black. The head in the female is dull ferruginous, mixed with grey : bread, belly, and fides, dirty white, crofled with femicircular duQvy lines : tail deep brown i the outer feather white only on the outer web. It is rather larger than the male. I believe this bird to be much more common than the cine- reous Shrike ; at Icaft it is fo in England^ where I fhould fufpedt its being a bird of paflage, never having feen it here in the win- ter. It lays fix white eggs, marked with a rufous brown circle towards the large en^. The neft is generally in a hedge or low bufh; near which I have heard it affirmed that no fmall bird chufcs to build ; for it not only feeds on infeifls, but alio the young of.. Deicriptiow, FEM,^LE. P L A C S AND Manner*. Hit ♦i i i5S S H R I K F. of other birds in the neft, taking liold of them by the neck, ancl flrangling them, beginning to cat them firfl: at the brain and ryes: it is more fond ofgralshoppers and beetles tiian of other infcds, whieh it eats by morfeis, and, when fatisficd, (licks the remainder on a thorn ; when kept in a cage, does the fame againft the wires of it. It is called in the German language by a name fignifying great leady or lull lead, from the fi. c of that part. It will alfo (ccd on flieep's kidney, if in a cage, eating a whole one e\ery day. Like the cinerecus Shrike, it only mocks the notes of other birds, having none of its own ; and this merely, I'kc that, to decoy. It is fuid to be, in this Imitative art, an adept; if money is counted over at midnight, in the place where one of thefe is kept, fo as to make a jingling noife, it begins to imitate the fame found. When fitting on the nefl, the female is foon difcovered, for on the approach of any one flie fets up an horrible outcry. i6. VARIEGATED S. Description. L'Fcorclieur varie, Bri/. em. ii. p. 155. N'' 5. Lcfl*er variegated Butcher-bird, Rati Syn, p. 19. A. ^.-—Tfill. em. p. 1^9. fjr HIS is grey on the upper part of the body, and rufous white beneath, ftriatcd both above and below tranfverfely with brown ; the fcapulars are rufous wiiite, bounded by a parallel black ftripe : tail black ; the three outer feathers rufous white at the bafe and tips ; the outer one wholly rufous white on the outer edge. This fliould fecm to be the female of the former, did not the markings of the tail forbid the fuggeftion. La ■uy«i*''iillltriii iii m ipn K ijB SHRIKE. One may with great probability fuppofe thefe two to be only one fpecies. 28. WHITE- WREATHED S. Dbscriptiok. Place. Lanlus fauftus, Lin. Syft. i. p. 138. N° 26. Corvus fauflus, Atnan. acad. iv. p. z\\, CIZE of a comnaon Thrufh. Bill pale : the upper parts of the body grey j the under ferruginous : from the eyes to the hind head pafles a whitifli line, compofed of numerous white feathers, rendering it truly charadleriftic : the wings are rounded i the quills brownifli, with grey edges, which are croflcd with numerous flender, obfolete, brown lines : the tail is rounded, brown, crofled with numerous bars of darker brown : legs pale. This elegant fpecies inhabits China^ where it is known by the name of Whommaj. It may be obferved, among others, in Chi- nefe paper-hangings, where the white line feems to encompafs the back part of the head, like a wreath. ■ '9- BLUE S. DSSCRIPTION. Lanius bicolor, Lin. Mantijf. 1771. p. 124. Loxia madagafcarina, Lin. SyJI, i. p. 306. N" 42. La Pie-griefche bleue de Madagafcar, Brif. orn. ii. p. 197. N" 26. pi. 16. f. 3. — PI. en!. 298. f. I. — 32. f. 2. T ENGTH fix inches and a half. Bill fine blue ; bafe befet with bridles : round the bill the feathers are black : tlie head and all the upper parts of the body fine blue : beneath fnow white : quills black, with the outer edges blue : the two middle tail feathers blue, with black tips and fhafts : the four next on each fide are blue on the outer margins j the inner and tips black : 10 . the lljUlMliiill II , ■■ a-«i'?jtrn;"a'ii»'f».T,^:*.3^a^ SHRIKE. the outer feather black, except juft at the bafe, where It is blue on the outfide : legs and claws black. The female differs merely in the colours being lefs lively, and the under parts of a dirty white. This is common at Madagajcart where it lives on infedts. La petite Pie-griefche verte de Madagafcar, Brif. ern. ii. p 15. f. 3. Tcha-chert, Buf. oif. u p. 310. Pie-grieche de Madagafcar, ?/. enl. 32. f. 2. 195. N* 25. pU CIZE of a Houfe-fparrow : length five inches and three quarters. ^ The head, hind part of the neck, back, wings, and rump, dull green, verging moft to the laft colour on the head : under parts of the body white : outfide of the thighs the fame colour as the back ; infide black and white : the quills are blackilh j the outer edges and tips dull green : tail black, except the two middle feathers, which are dull green j the outer margins of the others are of the fame colour : legs and claws black. It is found at Madagafcavy and called there Tcba-chert, The wings of the two laft fpecies are pretty long in pro- portion. 179 Female. Place. SO- GRE'.N S. Description. Place* ill!' I m liiR M m- A a £ Laniu« i:l ( ■;5=J; ! ivim " ^ 1 ' ■lAim •^mrnrn'- i8o SHRIKE. RUFOUS S. DSICRIPTION. Female. Place. Lanius rufus, Lin. Syft. !. p. 137. N* 17. La pie-griefche roufTe de Madagafcar, Brif. orn, il. p. 178* N^ 16. pU 1 8k f. j\.,—P/. enl. 298. f. 2. Le Schet-be, Buf. oif. i< p< 313* T ENGTH feven inches and three quarters. Bill lead-colour; bafe briftly : head^ throat, and neck, greenilh black : upper parts of the body rufous \ beneath cinereous white : thighs cine- reous : quills brown within; on the outer edge rufous and brown mixed : tail rufous j the margins brown on both fides near the end : legs and claws horn-colour. The female has the colours lefs vivid : throat and fore part of the neck grey : the outer edge of the quills of a plain rufous co- lour : in other things like the male. Thefe inhabit Madagafcar, where the male is called Schet-hey and the female Tcha-chert-dae *. 32. WHITE. HEADED S. Description. Le grande pie-griefche verdatre de Madagafcar, Brif. orn. ii. N° 24* pi. 19. f. 2. — PI. enl. 374. Tcha-chert-be, Buf. oi/.i. p. 314. T ENGTH eight inches : fize of a Blackbird. Bill lead-colour : head, neck, throat, breaft, belly, fides, thighs, under tail, and wing coverts, white : lower part of the neck behind, the back, rump, fcapulars, upper wing, and rail coverts, greenlfh black : quills black, with green edges : tail black beneath ; above greenilh black : legs and claws lead-colour. See Brif. orn. n. F' ^7S- This S H R I K E. This likewife is found at Madagafcar, with the lafl, to which it feems to bear fome affinity. i8i PLACE^ Lanius leucoryncos, Lin. Mant. I77i« p. 524. La pie-griefche de Manille, Brif. cm. ii. p. 180. N° 17. pi. 18. f. 2. PI. tnl. 9. f. 1 . Langraien, Buf. oif. i. p. 310. — WHITE-BILLED* S. T ENGTH feven inches. Bill hoary; bafe befet with bridles: Description, head, throat, neck, back, and fcapulars, blackifli : rump, breafl, and under parts, whitifh : upper wing coverts, quills, and tail, blackilh : wings and tail of equal length : legs and claws blackifh. Inhabits the ifland oi Manilla. Place. "'ipi' 1 :<^vffl La pie-griefche Dominiquaine, Son. voy. p. 55. pi. 26.- 'T^HIS is bigger than a Sparrow, and rather longer. The bill is greyifh, conic, and ftrong ; the bafe befet with bridles, pointing forwards : the head, neck, breaft, back, wings, and tail, black : belly and rump white : the wings reach near an inch be- yond the middle of the tail : the thighs are black. This bird inhabits the Philippine Ifiandsy and is a bold cou- rageous bird : it flies very quick, and with great rapidity j fre- quently hovering in the air like a Swallow. It is a great enemy to the Raven, whom, though much bigger, he bids defiance, even provoking him to combat : the battle often lafls half an hour, and end with the retreat of the Raven j rather, perhaps, from being teized 33- Var. a. DOMINICAN S. Description. Place an a MANNtRS. ii b. t, A^2 SHRIKE. •ceized out by the pettifli little enemy, than having fufFercd real injury. This feems to vary very little from the lad : the bread is black, which is white in the other : and the vvings exceed the tail in length ; whereas, in the other, they are only equal. They cannot be but varieties merely, if not Icxual difFerences. 34* PAN A VAN S. Description. -Plage. La Pie-grlefclie rouge del'ifle de Panay, Sck. Voy. p. 1 14. pi. 70. ClZE of the Red-backed Shrike. Bill black : irides fire-colour: head, fore part of the neck, and belly, red : hind part of the neck, wings, and tail, brown : legs black. Inhabits the ifland of Panay, 35- ■CRESTED Djscriftion. Placb. Lanius canadenfis, Lin. Syjf. i. p. 134. N° 4. La Pie-griefche de Canada, Brif. orn. ii. p. 171. pi. 18. f. 3. Pie-griefche huppe de Canada, B»f. oif. i. p. 316.— P/. enl, 479, f. 2. Crelted Shrike, Am. ZooL N* Lev. Muf. CIZE of the Red-backed Shrike : length fix inches. Bill deep brown; the noftrils and corners of the mouth befet with black bridles : top of the head rufous ; the feathers of it long enough to form a cred j fides blackifli, marked with dirty white . fpots : the hind part of the neck, and the back, rufous brown : the throat, fore part of the neck, and bread, pale rufous, marked with longitudinal brown fpots : belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, pale afli-colour : wing coverts blackidi, margined with white : quills and tail t'^.e fame : legs and claws blackifli. Inhabits Canada. Lanius Pi S H R I K E. i«j: If m r 1 ill Lanlus nengeta, Lin. Syft. i. p. 135. N'7. Le Cotinga gris, Brif. orn. ii. p. 353. Le Guirarou, Buf. oif. iv. p. 459. Guiraru Nheengeta BrafilienHs, Rati Syn. p. D°, or American Chat, Will. orti. p. 235. Grey Pyc of Brafil, £• QIZE of the Mavis : length nir e or ten inches. The bill duflcy ; *^ befet with bridles at the bafe : irides fapphire- coloured : from the angles of the mouth, througih the eyes, is a black ftreak : the upper parts of the body are dark.brownifli afh-colourj the under parts cinereous white: in the n.'ddle of the wing are a few white feathers : the quills and tail are learly black : all the feathers of the laft,. except the two middle ones, are obliquely tipped with white : legs dark afh-colour : claws black. This is found at Surinam and Brafil. Edwards feems to think it near a-kin to the great Shrike, and Unnaus is of the fame opinion : though others * rank it with the Chatterers. Thefe birds are common, likewife, at Guiana^ where they frequent watery places, and are found in great numbers to- gether. They are obferved, at frequent intervals, to fet up a great cry all together : this circumftance affording a happy and certain prefage to the thirfty traveller, in the immenfe forefts of Guiana, ^ where he may meet with water to quench his drought. • Buffon and BriJJon. Varletc GRbY S.. Description. Place* Manners. T Ii :: I I • ■ I l84 5«. Var. a. Description. 37* TYRANT S. Description* Female. Plac£. S II R I K E. Variete du Guirarou, Buf. oif, Iv. p. 461. Cotinga gris de Cayenne, PL enl. 699. 'TTIIIS is a variety of the hft, or a young bird : it is only feven indies and a half in length. The bill is red : the general tint of the plumage a(h-colour, paleft on the under parts: the tail is fhorter than in the other : the band through the eye was wanting, and neither the wings nor tail edged with white : the legs red. - Lanius tyrannus, Lin. Syfi. i. p. 136. N'' 13. Le Tyran, Brif. orn. ii. p. 391. N° 18. — Fl. enl. 537, Le Titiri, ou Pipiri, Buf. oif. iv. p. 572. Kleine amerlcainifche Neun-toder, Frifch. t. 62. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. QIZE of a Thrufh : length eight inches. Bill blackifli brown, ^ befet with bridles at the bafe : irides brown : the upper parts of the plumage grey brown -, the under white : the brcafl" inclines to a(h-colour: the head is blackilh on the upper part j the bafe of the feathers on that part, in the male, is orange, but feldom vifi- ble, except it ereds the feathers, when there appeaiS a flreak of orange down the middle of the crown : the tail is brown, mar- gined with rufous : legs and claws black brown. The female fcarccly differs, except in the head; the bafe of the crown feathers being yellow, inftead of orange -, the colours are not quite fo deep, and it is a trifle lefs in fize. Inhabits Virginia, Le SHRIKE, i8< Le Tyvan de St. Domingue, Brif. orn.n. p. 394. N" 19, pi. \%. f. 2. TJILL as in the lad mentioned, as is the fize. The upper parts of the body grey brown ; the under white : bread inclining to afli-colour : tail brown ; the outer edges and tips brownilli : legs dark brown. Inhabits St. Domingo and Jamaica. M. Brijfon does not mention any yellow on the head j but I can afTure him that it is in this bird as well as the former. I have received feveral fpecimens from Jamaica^ which differed from thofe of North America only in the tail beinr; tipped with dingy white, which is not in tlic firil : alfo a fpecimen from Cayojue^ wherein the colours of the body were more brilliant, and ilic yel- Jow ftripe on the head more confpicuous. Thefe are called Titiri or ^ifi^niri*, from their cry, which re- fembles thofe words. The firft is called tlie black-headed or great-billed Pipiri ; the fccond, the yellow-headed Pipiriy or Pipiri of paflage. The fird, though in plenty, are fcldom feen but in pairs j tlie fecond in great troops, about the month of Au~ gud, v;hen they are very fat, and killed in great numbers for thg table, as their flefli is accounted good eating. All authors agree in the manners of thefe birds, which are fe- rocious to a great degree while the hen is fitting : no bird what- ever dare approach their ned : they will attack the fird which comes near, witiiout referve, and ufually come od" conquerors. From hence by fom.e they are called King Inrds. Btijon calls it Pipiri, tlifl. des oif, iv. p. 575. Bb 37- Var. a. 4- SAINT DOMINGO TYRANT S. Desci'irTio?;, Pl,*tE. Maxnea^. ili' Le \n'j S H R I K E.. Le Tyran de la Caroline, Bi/f, olf. 5v. p. 577. Gobe-mouche de la Caroline, PL inl. O-jS. Tyrant of Carolina, Caie/, Car. i. p. 55. — .^m. ZceLH" 37. Var.B. CAROLINE TYRANT S. Description. 'TpHE bird mentioned by Catejhy muft be very little different: indeed he fays, that it makes its neft, rather expofed, on trees and bufhes, frequently on the faJ[ofras\ whereas the Pipiris make ufe of the hole of a tree, for the fake of concealing it. In Carolina it is a bird of paflage, coming in fpring, and making one nefl in a year, wjiich is commonly in JunSi and, after bring- ing up its young, retires in autumn. Thefe birds alfo frequent the red cedars ; are feldom found in woods, but often in hedge rows, and fences of fields, and for the mod part within two hundred yards of each other. They do not inoleft their own fpecies; but the moment either Crow^ or even Ecigky appears, all within reach join forces, and begin the attack in all parts of his body at once,, never defifting till they have driven him to a great diflance. Lake George, and Lake Champlaint are the fartheft places north, in which they are found in any degree of plenty. Place and Manners. 37- Var. C. LOUISIANE TYRANT S. PklCRJPTlON. Tyran de la Louifiane, Buf. oif. iv. p. 579-, Gobe-mouche de la Louifiane, Pi. enl. 676. J5ILL black: upper parts of the body lead-colour: greater coverts and quills margined with white : tail the fame; the outer web of the outer feather white, the others tipped with white : MM SHRIKE, whjte : all the under parts white : legs lead-colour 5 on the crown a deep crimfon fpot. The four laft mentioned are, I btlieve, varieties of each other. i'87 T ENGTH ffven inches. Bill nearly one inch long, and black ; Dj. in fiiape not much unlike that ot the Tyrant, but llouter in proportion, lefs compreflcd, and curved at the tip j the bafe fur- niflied with weak briflles : the general colour of the plumage, without exception, of a dufl^y black; the tail fomewhat cunei- form : legs black, I received two of thefe from Jamakay by the name of Black Loggerhead : one of the fpecimens had the outer edge of the fe- cond quills brown, but whether differing in fcx or not was not inentioned : faid to inhabit only the internal parts of the ifland. 33. S. iscRimoN, Plac*. Laniuspitangua, Lin. Syft. I. p. 136. N° 15. Le Tyran du Brefil, Brif. ern, ii. p. 401. — Fl. enl. 212. Le Bentaveo, or le Cuiriri, Buf. oif. iv. p. 579. pi. 27. Pitanga guacu, or Bemtere, Raii i>ytt. p. 165, N" j. — Will, orn, p. 198. C IZE of a Blackbird : length nine inches. The bill is very *^ thick, more than half an inch long; the bafe of it befet with briftles : the bafe of the feathers on the crown of a fine orange : on each fide of the head, from the nollrils, over the eye, to t!\c hind head, is a ftripe of white : beneath, and behind each eve, is a deep brown fpot : the upper parts of the body are brovvn, veach feather edged with yellow ; the under pares fine yellow : the 39' PRASIUAN .S. Descrittion. ii I' i8S PtACE. S H R I K E. throat is white : on the under tail coverts a few fpots of brown ; the quills are brown, with rufous inner edges: the tail brown,, with the outer margins rufous ; the under part of it olive grey : legs and claws blackifh. Inhabits Brq/il. 40. YELLOW- BELLIED S. Description, Place."' Lanius fulphuratus, Lin. Syjl. i. p. 137. N° 19. La Pie-griefche jaune de Cayenne, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 176. N" 15. pi. 16. f. 4. — PI. enl. 296. Becarde a ventre jaune, Buf. oif. i. p. 3 1 z. Ltv. Muf, CIZE of a Redwing : length eight inches and" a quartc/. Bill blackilh, befet at the bafe with briftles : the top of the head black i forehead white, palling through the eye on each fide; under this is a black ftreak, which begins at the under mandible, and paflfes beneath the eye, almoft to the hind head : the plumage on the upper parts of the body is brown; and cf a fine fulphur- colour beneath : the bafe of the crown feathers is of this lafl: colour, but does not appear except the featiiers be erc6led:. tiie throat and fore part of the neck are wiiite, wing coverts brown, edged with rufous : quills and tail much the fame; but the laft margined with rufous on both fides: legs grey : claws blackilli,.. Inhabits Cayenne. L3,n\\xi SHRIKE. jS9 tan'io* Cayanus, Lin. Sjijf. i. p. 137. N" zo. 41. La Pie-griefche grife de Cayenne, Bri/. orn.n. p. i.jS. N^e. pi. 14. f. I« -^ CAYENNE — P/. enl. 304. Becarde, ^a/". w/. i. p. 311. Lev, Muf. eiZE of a Blackbird : length eight inches and a half. The bill Descriptiok. is red at the bafe, and black at the tip ; befet at the bafe with briftles : the whole bird is of a fine light grey, except the head, quills, and tail, which are black: the legs are afli-coloured : claws black. Inhabits Cayenne. Placb. iiii: La Pie-griefche tachetee de Cayenne, Brif. orn. ii. p. i6o. N° 7. pi. 14. f. 2. — PL enl. 377, ^HIS is In every refptd like the former, except that it has a longitudinal (Irenk of black down the middle of each fea- ther. Jt is found in the fame places with the other, and is moft. likely either diifering in age or fcx from tliat bird. 41. Var. a. SPOTTED CAYENNE S. H-i^ Pie-griefche blanche de I'ifle de Panay, Son, Fey. p. 115. pi 72. T"inS is double the fize of the Wood chat. Bill black : liead, neck, back, belly, and fhoulders, white : the reit of the wings and tail black : ucrols the greater quills 15 a white band; '.he legs are black. luhabiis the ifle of.Pauciy,. BILL 42. \\nirE DsscRirxicK. Placi. m8J P-«aMMH^ I50 SHRIKE, 43. WHITE- SHOULDERED ii. Description, Place. "DILL black: the upper parts of the body cinereous brown: forehead and cheeks Ibmewhat mottled with a paler colour : throat and breaft bnff-yellow : belly, thighs, and vent, dirty brownifn white i axillary feathers and fcapulars white, making a large fpot on each flioulder : quills and tail brown: leas blark. Inhabits BraftL Communicated by Mr. Pennant, & 44. PIED Description. Place. Xanius doliatus, i/« Syfl. i. p. 136. N° 16. La Pie-griefche rayee de Cayenne, Bri/. orn. il. p. 187. N" 21. pi. 29. f. 3. PI enl. 297. f. 2. Black and white Butcher-bird, Ednu. pi. 226. — Hiji. Gkian, p. 154. Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/. CIZE of a Hedge-fparrow : length fix inches and a half. Bill dufkv, befet with briftles at the bafe : head fomewhat crefted : the whole bird is tranfverfely ftripeiwith black and white, each feather having two bars of each of thefe colours upon it: the under parts are lightefl; : the quills and tail are black, tranfverfely fpotted with white : legs and claws brown. Inhabits Cayenne. 4?- SPOi TED S. Br. Muf, Description. A '^ ^''^ ^'0'^' ^^'T ^i^^*^ ^'"'^ former ; but is Icfs in fize. The bill is black : the upper parrs of the body wholly black, except a few of the feathers at the beginning of the back, which are tipped SHRIKE. tipped with white : the wing coverts are each tipped with an ob- long white fpot, forming a regular feries on the wings: quills and fecondaries edged with white : the tail is black ; all the fea- thers tipped with white ; and on each of the outer feathers is a fpot of wliite on the outer web, about the middle of each fea- ther : the under parts of the body are plain alh-colour : the legs are black. I have feen two fpecimens of this bird, one at the Britijh Mu~ feum, the other in the collection o( Mifs Blomefield; the latter was received from Cayenne, from whence, I make no doubt, came the former alfo.. Till I am convinced to the contrary, Imuft place this as a Se- parate fpecies from the other. 151 Br. Muf. 40. DUSKY S. QIZE of the laft. Bill horn-colour : upper parts of the body tj,^,.,, ,,. , niri- Description. dufky black : beneath white: over the eye a flreak of white: quills and tail deeper than the reft : leg<: brown. Place unknown. The fpecimen from whence this defcriptioB is taken is now in the Britijh Mufeum, Br. Muf. CIZE of a Manakin. Bill horn-colour, with a black tip: the upper parts of the plumage brown ; beneath wliite : be- tween the bill and eye yellowilh : fecondaries tipped with yel- y lowifl>}. BROWN. S. Descslittion. mm J$i SHRIKE. lowlfli ; and the edges of the grcaic-r quills of the lame colour., forming two narrow bars on the wings : legs blacks Place unknown. 'a" 48. RED S. Description, Place. Red Lanlus, or Butcher-bird of Surinam, Laucr, Guiana, p. 154. vlR. Bnna-oft dfiknhtis, it in this manner: it has a flrait bill, with a tooth on each fide, near the point j a naked nofe ; and a feemingly lacerated tongue : its body is of a bright red- culonr, ornamented with fpots like eyes on the wings and tail, which are black at the ends of the feathers. I do not find this bird occur, except in the above-named author. Inhabits Sarmam. 49. MAGPIE S. Description. Lev. Muf. CIZH of a Song-thrufln : length ten inches. The bill is three quarters of an inch long, ftrong, and black, with a very flight notch near the tip : the head, neck, and middle of the breafl-, are of a glofiy black j;-the back, fliouldcrs, IcfTer coverts of the wing, belly, fides, thighs, and vent, white ; the greater wing coverts and fecond quills are black, margined with white ; the greater quills wholly black: the tail is long and cuneiform i the two middle feathers beir.g four inches and a half long, and the outer ones only two inches ; all of tl;em are tipt with white, but the white occupies moft f;i.ice on the outer feathers : legs Hout and black, / This SHRIKE. This bird is in fine prefervation in the Leverian Mufeum, but from whence it came is riot noticed. It has, at firft fight, the ap- pearance of a Magpie in miniature, but on examination plainly proves not to belong to the Crow genus, as the noftrils are not covered with brifliles. The bill is almoft ftout enough to place it with the Grojbeaks; but, as it does not truly appertain to one nor the other, I have ventured to rank it with the Shrikes, to which it feems to have much conformity, cfpecially in the fliapc and length of the tail, a circumftance common to many of the genus. ^93 lift i; I ' 1 . (, Cc G E N V S i i [ «94 ] V'?> v. N Genus V. PARROT. *WITH UNEVEN TAILS. r* I. Red and blue Maccaw. N' 18. Long-tailed fcarlet L. 2. and yellow M. 19. Indian L. 3. Military M. 20. Beautiful L. 4. Blue and yellow M. Var. A. Var. A. Blue M. 21. Gueby L. 5, Parrot M. Var. A. Violet L. 6. Black M. 22. Variegated L. 7. Obfcure Parrot. 23. Black L. 8. Noble P. 24. Lory Parrakeet. 9. Brafilian green M. 25. Crefled red Par. 10. Gingi P. 26. Yellow-headed P. 11. Japonefe P. 27. Angola yellow P. 1 2. Amboina red P. 28. Brafilian yellow P. 13. Blue-headed P. Var. A. Mexican yel- 14. Red-breafted P. low P. Var. A. Orange- bread- 29. Caroline P. ed P. 30. Illinois P. Var. B. Blue-bellied P. 31. Crimfon-vented P. 15. Black-crowned P. 32. Emerald P. 16. Tabuan P. 3 J. Long-tailed green Par. 17. Papuan Lory. Var. A. Guiana green Var. A. Par. Var. B. 34. Pavouane P. V ar. C. 3$, Variegated winged P. . N" 36. Blue- 'WU* PARROT. JOS N* S^. Blue-coIlared P. 37. Alexandrine Par. Var. A . Rofe-ringedPar. Var. B. Purple- ringed Par. Var. C. Double-ringed Par. Var. D. Azure-headed Par. Var. E. Javan Par. 38. Muftachoe Par. Var. A. Bearded Par. 39. Bloflbm-headed Par. Var. \. Rofe- headed ring Par. Var. B. Bornean Par. Var. C. Malacca Par, 40.. Red and blue-headed Par. 41. Brown-throated Par. Var. A. Brown-fronted Par. •* W I T H E 61. Great white Cockatoo. 62. Red-crefted C. 63. Red-vented C. 64. Leflfer white C. 65. Crowned C. 66. Black C. 67. Red and white P. N" 42. Lace-winged Par. 4j. Yellow-winged Par. 44. Waved-breafted Par. 45. Scaly-breafted Par. 46. Little red winged Par. 47. Grey-breafted Par. 48. Horned P. 49. Caledonian P. 50. Red-rumped P. 51. Crefted Par. 52. Society P. 53. White-collared P. 54. Golden-crowned Par.. 55. Lineated. 56. Pacific Par. Var. A. Var. B. Var. C. 57. Palm P. 58. Blue-crefted Par. 59. Otaheitan blue Par. 60. Pygmy Pi^r. V E N TAILS. 68. Aflvcolourcd P. Var. A. Var. B. 6g. Cinereous P. 70. Southern Brown. 71. Black P. 7a. Mafcarine P. C c 2 N" 73. Brown II' li!, I 196 PARROT. N-73. Brown P. Var.B.Party-billed T)\ . 74- Hawk-headed P. N"'90. Afli-fronted P. Var. A. Mailed P. 91. Common Amazon's P. 75- RufF- necked P. Var A. Jamaica P. 76. Ceram Lory. Var. B. Main P. Var. A. Noira L Var.C. Blue-topped P. Var. B. Scarlet L. Var. D. W. Indian 77- Purple- capped L. green P. Var. A. Blue- capped L, Var. E. Brafilian yel- 78. Black- capped L. low-fronted P. 79- Crimfon L. 92. Yellow-lhoiildered P. 80. Molucca L. Var. A. ^\ 1 93- 94. Meally P. 81. Grand L. 95- Blue-fronted P. 'i Var. A. ^6. faced P. 82. Ycllow-breafted L. Var. A. Red and white- 83. Paraguan L. faced P. 84. Red and blue P. Var. B. Autumnal P. 85. Green and red Chinefe P. Var. C. Brafilian green 86. Great-billed P. P. 87. Amboina P. 97- Red - headed Ama- S8. White-fronted P. zon's P. Var.A.White-headedP. 98. Manilla green P. Var. B. White-crown- 99. New Guinea green P. ed P. 100. Robufl P. Var. C. Afli-crowned P. 101. Agile P. • S9. Yellow - headed Ama- 102. Feftive P. zon's P. 103. Crimfon-winged P. Var. A. Yellow-crown- 1 04 Red banded P. ed D\ 105. Paradife P. N' 106. Aurora trnKir !!1 ! 'i !• PARROT. 197 N* 106. Aurora P. 107. Blue-headed P. 108. Little dulky P. 109. Red-throated P. 1 10. Dufky P. 111. Orange-headed P. 112. White-breafted P. 113. Hooded P. 114. Senegal P. 115. Red-fronted P. 116. Golden- winged Par. 117. Red -headed Guinea Par. 118. Red and green Indian P. 119. Philippine Par. Var.A.Sapphire-crown- edPar. N" lio. Cheftnut-crownedPar. 121. Purple-tailed Par. 122. Grey-headed Par. 123. Black-winged Par. 124. Blue-winged Par. 125. Collared Par. , 126. Luzonian Par. 127. Little blue and green Par. 128. Yellow-throated Par. 129. Green Par. 130. Cayenne Par. 131. Gold-headed Par. 132. Crefted red and green Par. 133. Crefted Mexican Par. THE bill in this genus is hooked from the bafe : the upper mandible moveable. Noftrils round, placed in the bafe of the bill, which in fomc fpecies is furnifhed with a kind of cere. Tongue broad, blunt at the end. Head large, crown flat. Legs Ihort : toes placed two before, two behind. Parrots are fo well known in this kingdom, as to make a fur- ther general defcription unneceflary. Thefe birds are found every where within the tropics, a few inftances only excepted. In a ftate of nature, live on fruits and feeds, though will eat flefh, 9 and !:1 li! ■f! i I 1 II ' 19^ PARROT. and even fifh *, when kept tame. For the mofl part, make no neft, breeding like Owls in hollow trees f. At certain feafons fly- in prodigious troops, but obferved to keep two and two together notwithflanding :{:. This genus confifts of infinite variety, per- haps not fo much owing to mixture of fpecies as may be fuppoled, if Sonnerat'% |1 remark be true j yet they feem to run vaftly into one another, fo as to induce one to think many of them related, though received from different parts of the world. In this, how- ever, we may be deceived, as they are perpetually carried from one continent to the other for the fake of fale. This uncertainty of native place muft prevent our following the otherwife judicious plan o( BuffoHy of ranging them according to the places they are fuppofed to inhabit, and we fhall therefore merely divide them into thofe with uneverty and thofe with even tails, much after the • Dr. Forjfer, fpeaking of the efFeft of a poilbnous fifli, obferves, that a little favourite Parrakeet died in confequence of eating a bit of it. See Qhferv. p. 209,. 607. and Voy, vol. ii. p. 238. — As to flefh> moll tame ones will eat it when dreffed ; but ^loant fays, a great Maccaw ** fed on raw flefli chiefly, but would ** eat other things likewife." Hiji. Jam. vol. ii. p. 296. t Firmin fays, that fome of the larger forts make nefts by gathering a quan- tity of rufhes and fmall twigs, which they weave together, and faften to the ex- treme branches of the higheft trees. De/crip. de Surinam, vol. ii. p. 177. X Ftrmin obferves, tliat at Surinatitt about the time of cofFee-gathering, they are feen by thoufands, of which above an hundred were killed in an hour, and the tongues of them cooked up into a diih, which was thought favoury. De/crip,. de Surinam, vol. ii. p. 177. I) He obferves, that notwithflanding Parrots of the fame fpecies are ibund at great dillances from each other on the continent, yet in the ijlands each maintains- a fpecies which is peculiar 10 that alone, and not to others of the fame group^ though the diilance from, one to the other be however fmall. Sana, Voy, p. 74. manner. PARROT. manner of Linn^us. giving the bell account poflible of each, coiv fiftent with our intended concifenefs. 199 I •With UNEVEN TAILS. PfiUacus macao, Lin. Syji, i. p. 139- N" ^* _ Scop. Ann. i. p. 26. Ara du Brefil, Brif. orn. iv. 184. t. 19. f. !• L'Ara rouge. Buf. oif. vi. p. i79-— ^'- '"'• '^^ Pfitt. max. alter. Aldroni. vid. Rati Syn. p. 29. N 2. Maccaw. Albin. i. pi. \\.— WilL orn. p. 73- Ara premier, Fermin. Defcrip.de Surinam, ii. p. I73« Red and blue Maccaw. Edw. t. 158. . Bancroft Guian. p. 156. THE length of this bird is two feet feven inches and a half: the fize that of a Capon. The upper mandible is white; the tip, and fides at the bafe, black 3 the under nnandibk wholly black : the cheeks are bare of feathers, being covered with only a wrinkled Ikin, of a whitifh colour : the irides yellow : the head, neck, breaft, belly, thighs, and upper part of the back, are ot a fine bright red: the rump of a pale blue: fcapulars blue and ereen mixed : the two middle tail feathers red, with pale blue tips; the next on each fide half blue half red ; the four outer ones violet blue above, dull red beneath: the legs are dufl.y ; daws black. Edwards fays, that this bird, when perfeft, will meafure a full yard from bill to tail. It inhabits Brafil, Guiana, and other parts of South Jmertca. The bill of this bird is fo ftrong, that it is able, with it, to break a peach-ftone with great eafe 1. • Orn* dt Saltrne, p. 6. 4- RED AND BLUE MACCAW. DescRIPTio: Place. ■ f This L aoo PARROT. This Maccaw was formerly pretty common at Si. Domingo * j hut in proportion as that ifiand has become more inhabited, thcfe birds are rarely met with. They moftly live in the moifl: woods, efpecially thofe planted with a particular kind of palm-f*, on which it feeds, and of which there are large forefls in the marfhy wet favannahs. They are oftcner feen in pairs J than in greater numbers, and are fought after by the natives for food ; but fometimes faid to prove hurtful, having a poifonous quality, arifing from their being driven by hunger to feed on the Man^ ehineel tipple^ which on fuch occafions does not prove in the leaft injurious to the bird. They make their nefts in decayed trees* enlarging the hole with their bill, where it is not of a fize fuffi- cient for the purpofe, lining the infide with feathers. The female lays two eggs at a time, the fize of thofe of a. Pigeon, and fpotted like thofe of a Partridge. They breed twice in a year, and the male and female fit on the neft alternately, as well as reciprocally nurfe and feed the young birds. Thefe are tamed with great «afe, but the old birds are quite indocile. It is faid that the • Uijt. dcs oif. vol. vl. p. 1 8 J. t Palmier lataniir —perhaps what is called th^j Maecaiu tree. See Hughes Hift. Barbad. p. 114. — Borajfus flabeliifer. Linn, r J Yet fometimes in vaft flights ; for in Anfon's Voyage, after defcribing the beauties of a fine water-full at the north call point of the Ille of ^uiho, " while we were viewing it," fays he, •• there came in fight a prodigious flight of Mac- caivs, which hovering over this fpot, ^nd often wheeling and playing on the wing about it, afforded a moft brilliant appearance by the glittering of the fan on their variegated plumage : fo that fome of the fpe£tators cannot refrain from a kind of tranfport when they recount the complicated beauties which occurred in this extraordinary water-fall." An/on' s Foy. p. 2 it. Maccaws PARROT. Maccaws in general do not learn to fpeak *, and tliat their voice is particularly rough and difagreeable. The flcfli is hard, black, and unfavoury, but makes good foup, and furniflies a great part of the food of the inhabitants o( Cayenne ^ as well as other parts of South America. This fpecies, in common with other Parrots, is fubjeft to fits when kept tame ; but, notwithftanding, will live many years, though the returns be pretty frequent ; yet at laft is obferved to fall a vi(5lim to this complaint rather than any other. It is called in America by the name of Gonzalo f . 2or L'Ara de la Jamaique, Srlf. em. iv. p. 188. N" 2. Lc petit ai a rouge, Buf. oi/. vi. p. 180. — PL enl. 641. < Aracanga Marcgravii, Rati Syn. p. 29. N° 3. Maccaw from Jamaica, Alhin.W. t. 17. — Bronun's 'Jamaica, pi 472. The Maccaw, called Aracanga, Will. orn. p. iii. Red and yellow Maccaw, Bancroft, Guian. p. 156. 'TPHE length of this bird is two feet eight inches and a half, the tail itfelf being one foot eight inches and three quarters. The bill is like that of the laft : irides luteous : nofirils placed in a naked white (kin, at the bafe of the upper mandible : the checks are white and naked : general colour of the plumage fcarlet : rump pale blue : fcapulars luteous, tipped with green : the eighteen firft quills are blue, with a fliade of violet, the inner edge blackilh i the others green, variegated with blue and RED AND YELLOV/ MACCAW. Descriptiow. • This fpecies is faid to fpeak very diftinftly, if inftrufted when young, but naturally fqualls very much. De/cr. de Surinam, vol. ii. p. 173. f Scopol, Ann. Hijl. Nat, i, p. 27. Dd purplifli 203 PARROT. Flack. purplifh cheflnut J all the quills have black fhafts, and are of a dull red beneath ; the two middle tail feathers are pale blue above ; the next are half red half blue j and the four outer ones blue, with a tinge of violet next the fhaft : the tail, both of this and the foregoing, is much cuneated, the two middle featliers exceeding the two outer ones by thirteen inches and a half: the whole tail is of a dull red beneath : the legs are brown, and the claws black, Mr. Bancroft fays, that this is fomewhat lefs than the former, and that it io lefs common in Guiana, to which part it is peculiar ; and adds, that the bill is wholly of a black colour. Brijjfon fays, that it inhabits Jamaica, and Braftl likewife, but fets it down as a diftindt fpecies ; while Linnaus and Buffon clearly think it a variety only of the former. As I have only feen the firft, I here remark the difference in the PI. enlum, : in the lafl: the eye is merely encircled with an irregular, rounded, bare, white fkin ; but in the firft, this ikin goes on to the under man- dible. If the fame fpecies, it is probable that this laft may be a bird not come to its full plumage. In Albin's figure there is a white fpace round the eye, but it does not leem bare of feathers. MILITARY MACCAW. Pfittacus militaris, Lin. Syjl. i. p. 139. N" 2, Largeft Guiana Parrot, Bamroft. GuiaH, p. 158^ Great green Maccaw, Edw. t. 313. Description. ^^HE bill is black: forehead red: body green: wings and rump blue : tail red, wedge-fhaped, with the tips of the fea- thers blue '. tlie c:.v.^eks are naked, and marked with flender lines, compofed of black feathers, 7 Wiiere 1> A R 1^ ^ '^' \ nor does Linmeus quotr any author; but U f"^=>y ^^"''^"°.°^ ^Wchis expreffecUs large, llnfoned above; '^ f' *'V '^^^^ ' ^I of the fi.e of the for- a, life, it n^ould feem to b no f«^fl ^^^^ ^ ^,„,^, i ,o- „er ones. He fays, that t le .neks a > ^^^^ ^^^ ^^ ^^^^^^^ verts mixed «ith red : q"'"^';;^ J,^ back, rump, and upper XrreS:oft";s,a„du.derthetail.ofa 'C-Se-colour : >e.s dulUj f "^o^::; , ,.•.„, bird at P. Mr. Edwards-s defcnption was taken C<«-«rf/ ^r.Ws. Efq- . „ay perhaps prove to Mr. Bamrof,'^ lar^eft Parrot of Guu,n ^^ y^ ^^^^^ ^ ^,g , be the fame with the above . He y . ^ ^^^^..^lour: the Afc„.». Ifs bill is '«"S''"="t^,.,f:i pea-green: thofe at the body covered with feathers of a beaut fu' P = ^^^ ._ ^^ ,<,„g, top of the head, and upper "^S^ °' \^^_ ^-uefe. he fays, are Jmpofed of green, red, fj^'^l^^l^ ai«na. Called by frequ.nt at Vmirary, and often ip" the '.lativcs Amjhi. nilt Ai e//. vi. p. **'* .„/..«UUa«Ut«.«av.rU.yorhU.«w'.«<^-''^ 203 1! 1 D da Pfiuacus J 204 PARROT. 4» BLUE AND YELLOW MACCAW. Description* Place. Pfittacus ararauna, Lin. S^Jf. i. p. 139. N^^.—Scop. ami. i. p. 27. N" 22. L'Ara bleu & jaunc du Brefil, Bri/. orn, iv. 193. t. zo. L'Ara bleu, Buf. oif. vi. igi.-^Pl. eni. 36. — Difcrip. de Surinam, vol. ii» p. 174. Pfittacus max. cyanocroc. Aldrov. Rati Syn. p. 28. i. p. 181. 5. Aldrov. blue and yellow Maccaw, fTill. orn. p. no. N" i. Brafilian Ararauna, — ■■' ■ p. in. N" 4. t. 15.- Blue and yellow Maccaw, Edw. t. 159. Lev, Muf, 'TTHIS is about the fize of the former ones : length two {ttt feven inches and a half. Bill black : forehead to the crown, and the fides of the head,, dull green ; the reft of the upper parts, to the roverts of the tail, arc of a fine blue : cheeks and throat covered with a bare white Ikin ; each cheek is befet with biack lines,, composed of very ftiort feathers, which arife at the angles of the mouth, and pafllng beneath the eyes, tend towards the hind head : eyelids edged with black : irides pale yellow : from the lower part of the neck to the tail the plumage is of a faf; on- colour, and in fome birds there is likewife a mixture of faffron- colour on the wing coverts * : the tail is blue above, and the two middle feathers of one plain colour; the reft have the inner margins inclining to violet, and near the bafe margined \with blackifli : the tail is much cuneated, as in thofe before noted '■■ the lops cinereous : claws black. Inhabits Jamaica^ Guiana^ Braftly and Surinam, ^ This I ^^bferve to be the cafe in the Pknthtt enluminim- L'Ara )\ I p A R Pv O T. L'Ara bleu & jaune de la Jamalquc, Brif. oru. iv. p. 191. N^ 3. Pfutac. max. csrul. varius, cauda produfta, Brovin's Jam. p. 272. Blue Maccaw, Mbin, iii. t. 10. 205 Var. a. BLUE MACCAW. J LB IN fays, this bird has not thofe feathery lines on the Description. cheeks and throat which are confpicuous in the others ; and that the top of the head in this is blue, where in the other it is of a dull green, otherwife one defcription might ferve : but he errs in fuppofing this to be the female of the red end blue Mac- caw, for it furely can be no other than a mere variety of the lalt- mentioned. , . , , • r This bird inhabits the fame places with that bird, but is not io plenty by far; it does not herd with it, nor do they even meet together with civility. The inhabitants know the one from the other by the cry, which is very different, and fay that it does not pronounce the word ara fo diftind as the blue and red Maaaiv. Plac«. f* La Perrlche ara, buf. oif. vi. p. 277. _. de Cayenne, PL enh 864. ■ ._ -I Barren Fran, equin, p. l.i.5. 7\yf B/IRRERE is the firft who has mentioned this bird. It is in ^^* length eighteen inches, the tail itfelf meufuring nine inches. From the^'anglcs of the mouth to beyond the eyes it is b:irc of feathers: the top and fides of the head arc green, with a mixture of deep blue, fo as in certain afpefts to appear intirely bUu- : the throat, fore part of the neck, and upper part of the breaic, Iiave a ftrc-.s tinge of rufous i the reft of the breaft, belly, and f.dcs, MACC.i^V. Description. ao6 PARROT. P-IACE. green, but paler than the back : lower part of the belly, and vent, red brown : under part of the wings and tail yellowilh green j the lad much cuneated ; the upper part of the body, wings, and tail, of a dark green : quills blue, bordered with green, and tipped with brown on the outer fide. Inhabits Cayenne and Guiana. The natives of the laft call k Makavouanne. V •? faid to be a bird of paflage, and to frequent the moift favannas, other Maccaws, living like them on the fruits of the palm, i- pronounces the word ara pretty diftin6t, but in a more fliarp tone of voice. 6. BLACX MACCAW. Description. Manners. Ara noir, Buf. oif. vol. vi. 202. Araruna ou Machao, D* Lait Defer, des Ind. or. p. 490. DUFrO N deCcrihes this bird from probable hearfay, as a fpe- cies well known to the inhabitants of Guiana j and fays, that the plumage is black, but fo blended with green, that in the fun it has a moft fplendid appearance : the bill and eyes reddilh : and the legs yellow. It differs from the other Maccaws, in that it never approaches near habitations, keeping on the tops of dry and barren moun- tains and rocks, and in the inland parts. OBSCURE PARROT. DrsCRIPTION. Pflttacus obfcurus, Li/i. Sjft. p. 140. 4. '• " Hajelq. Itin. p. 236. 18. ClZE of a Jay. Bill black j feathers furrounding the bafe of it alfo black, rough, and befet with hairs : fpace round the eyes white ; irides yellow : crown variegated with cinereous and black : PARROT. black : upper parts of the neck and wings black : belly and thighs cinereous, with tranfverfe hoary lines: tubercles of the legs black ; claws the fanie, crooked, and blunt : tail wholly of an afli-colour, cuneiform. Inhabits Africa. The only one who has dcfcribed this bird is Haplquifty from whom Linnaus had his account. As to that which Linnaus refers to in Brijfony it is quite a different fpecies j and he mentions it as fuch in his X^.^ Mantijfay 177 1» p. 524. 207 Placb. Pfjttacus nobilis, Lin. Syfi. p. 140. N" 5. - nobilis, Mu/. Adolp, Fr. 2. p. 13. t. NOBLE PARROT. J INN^US quotes here many others, but all of them corre^ Description-. ■*-^ fpond with the Parrot of Amazon's, and varieties, fo cannot be meant as defcriptive of that in the Muf. uidolphiy of which the "> following is a copy. Size of a Turtle. Face naked and white : the body wholly of a green colour : bend of the wing fcarlet : quills green : tail green likewife, and wedgc-fhaped. Inhabits Surinam j Linnaus fays AJia, Place. 2£ttact:« so8 X* A R R O T. BRASrUAN GREEN MA^CAW. DfSCRIPTIOK. Place. Pfittacus feverus, Lin. Syji. i. p. 140. N° 6. — — Scop. Ann. i. p. 27. N° 23. L'Ara verddu Brcfil, Brif. ern. iv. p. 198. N" 6. L'Ara verd & rouge du Brefil, Brif. orn. iv. p. 202. N* 7, L'Ara vert, Buf. cif. vi. p. 194. t. 8. L'Ara verd du Brefil, ?l. enl. 383. Maracana Will. orn. 112. N" c. 6. Brafilian green Maccaw, E^iv. t. 229. 'npHIS bird is equal to the grey Parrot in fize : in length one "^ foot five inches. The bill is black ; and it has a bare white fliin on the cheeks, marked with fome lines of black, in which the eyes are placed : irides of a golden yellow : the general colour of the plumage is green : the forehead cheftnut purple ; at the lower jaw a ftripe of the fame* : crown blue, which colour blends itfelf by degrees with the green, as it pafles backwards : on the lower part of the thighs uhe feathers are red : edge of the wing <"rim- fon : fome of the wing coverts and quills are blue, and the outer edge of the lafl black: tail above green; near the ends blue; beneath of a dull red : legs brown : claws black. I believe this bird to be the fame with the fmall Maccaw of Slca}ie-\i as v;ell as both the green Maccaws of Brijfon; the dif- ference confining, by his defcription, merely in having the fore- head brown, the crown a blue green, and the green colour darker than in the other. ■Roth of them are common at Januiicay Guiana, and Brajtl. • Is is not expren'ed in the Planches enluminees ; nor is there any red on the lower part of the thighs. f Which he fays are common in the woods, and eaten as Pigeons ; but when young are tamed and kept as Parrots, ^hane 'Jam. vol. ii. p. 297. N° 6. Pfittacus PARROT. 209 Pfittacuseupatria, Z/a. 5y/. i. p. ,40. N07. *■ La Perruche de Gingi, Brif. orn. iv. p. 343.' t. 29. f. r.-P/. enl 239. La grande Perruche I. ailes rougeatres, Buf i,f. vi. p. ,56. "^HIS bird meafures twenty-one inches in length. The bill is crimfon : round the eyes is a naked reddifh (kin : the plumage above is of a deep olive green, and beneath of a pale green, with a mixture of yellow : throat and fore part of the neck inclining to afli : wing coverts neareft the body of a dull red ; the others green : quills green, edged with black : tail thir- teen inches in length ; the two middle feathers nine inches and three quarters longer than the two outer ones ; the colour green, with brown fliafts : wings, when clofed, reach one-third of the length of the tail : legs reddilh : claws black. Inliabits the kingdom of Gingi in the Eaji Indies. I believe this bird not to be common : I never faw but one, which, after living many years in the houfe of a friend, at laft died, and fell into my poflefllon. 10. 4- GINGI PARROT. DXSCRIPTION. Place. Pfittacus Japonicus, Lin. Syjl. i. p. 141, N' 8. ' La Perruche du Japon, Brif. crn. iv. p. 362. La Perruche verte &; rouge, Buf. oif. vi. p. 159. Pfitt. erythrochlorus macrour. Japon. Aldrov. Rait Syn. p. 34. N° 3. Red and yellow, or pale green Parrot of Aldrovandus, Will. orn. p. 116. II. JAPONESE PARROT. JN fize this is equal to the common green Parrakeet: the tail itfelf Description, IS longer than the whole body, and much cuneated. The bill is red: irides the fame: plumage above green: fcapularsblue: on each E c fide i 210 Flace. P A R R O ^, fide of the head nre two blue fpots j one before, the other behind the eyes : throat ft;rruginous red ; from this part the feathers are red, and the tips marked with longitudinal black lines : the wing co- verts have white fliafts : the two firft of the prime quills are green ; the others of a deep blue, and all of them have the fliafts white : the two middle tail feathers are green, with white fliafts j the others red, with the ftiafts black : legs and claws of a fine black. Said to inhabit Japan, Mr. Willughhy fufpeds this to be fic- titious, as Aldrovandus drew his defcription merely from a faint- ing fent out of Japan. ,» 12. AMBOINA RED PARROT. Description. Pfittacus Amboinenfis, Lin. Syjt.i. p. 141. N° 9. Le Perruche rouge d'Amboine, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 378. t. 28. f. 2. Le Lori Perruche tricolor, Buf. oif. vi. p. 138. Perruche rouge d'Amboine, Pi, enl. 240. Little bigger than a Turtle : length fifteen inches and a half. The bill is red, with a black tip : head, throat, neck, and under parts, fine fcarlet : back, rump, upper tail, lefler under wing coverts, and the edge of the wing, fine blue : under tail coverts violet in the middle, furrounded with red : all the quills are blackifti beneath, but the greater ones above are deep green on the outer edges and tips, and the inner fide blackifli : the two middle tail feathers are nine inches and a half in length, and of a violet brown \ the reft fhorten by degrees, and are of the fame co- lour on the outer edge only, the inner being blackifli ; the two outmoft on each fide have alfo the inner margin edged with redj thefe PARROT. tliefe are fhorter by four inches than thofe of the middle : legs and claws red. Inhabits Amboina, Pfittacns cyanocephalus, Lin. Syft. i. p. 141. N" 10. LaPerruchea tcte blue, Brif.orn. iv. p. 359. t. 19. f. a. ■""^ -ffw/' °''/- vi. p. 145. Perruche a tete blue des Indes orientales, PI. enh 19Z. gIZE of a common Parrakeet : length eleven inches and a half. The upper mandible is yellow, with a pale afli-coloured tip ; the lower of a plain afli-colour : eyes in a naked yellowifli fkin! above, the plumage is green j beneath, yellow green : the fore- head inclining to red : the head itfelf is blue : throat violet, in- clining to afli : fides of the neck luteous : hind part of the neck, back, and fcapulars, green : the lower part of the back, rump! and upper tail coverts, of a fhining green : fore part of the neck yellow green, lightening into yellow at the fides : from the breaft to the tail greenilh yellow : wing coverts green : quills green above, the inner webs and tips deep a(h , beneath cinereous ; fl^afts black, except that of the firft feather, which is whitifii : the two middle tail feathers are grecnifli, verging to blue at the ends ; the next the fame, but yellow within ; and the four outer ones on each fide green on the oute- webs, luteous on the inner; the webs above black, beneath white; all but the f.vo middle ones tipped with yehow, and the whole tail yellowilh afh.-colour beneath ; the two middle feathers exceed the ou:er ones bv near four inches : legs blueiOi : claws grey. Inhabits the Eaft Mies, • • 211 PtACE. 13- BLUE-HEADED PARROT. Description. PtACE. Ec 2 Pftttacus I ! 212 PARROT. I i ^ ! ' f n i ! f* RED- BREASTED PARROT. ii Deicription. Flaci. 14. Var. a. ORANGE- BREASTED PARROT. Description. I ! Pfittacus haematodus, Lin. Mant. 1771. p. 524. La Perruche variee d'Amboine, Bri/. ern. iv. p. 364. N" 72. La Perruche a face bleue, Buf. oif. vi. p. 150. Perruche d'Amboine, PI. enl. 61. Red-breaded Parrakeet^ Edw. glean, t. 232. T ENGTH eleven Inches : fize of the common Parrakeet. Bill yellowifli white : cere yellowifh : feathers round the bill, taking in half the crown above, and the chin beneath, of a deep blue y the reft of the head and neck green * j behind the laft a yellow ring : the upper parts of the body are green : fore part of the neck and breaft of a fine orange red, edged with deep blue: upper part of the belly deep green; lower part yellow green, marked with deeper green : edge of the wing yellow : under wing coverts red: tail four inches and three quarters in length} much cuneatedi above green i beneath dirty green : legs blackifh. Inhabits Amboina, Perruche des Moluques, Buf. oif. vi. p. 150. ' ■ i PL enl. 743. 'HIS is ten inches long. The bill reddifli white : the whole head blue, and a fpot of this colour on the belly : it has the breaft red, mixed with yellow, but not edged with blue : the tails of this and the laft are as long as the bodies f. • In the Planches enluminees the hind head is brown. t In the Planches tnlumin'eei the feathers which cover the outfide of the thighs are cheilnut, with duiky edges. PARROT. M. Se Buffon fuppofes this and the lafl: to be varieties only. To ^vhich I may add a further one, the next dcfcribed. 112 Blue-bellied Parrot, BroiMn's Illujir. p. 14. t. 7. Br. Muf. Lev. Mu/.- ./J^HE length of this beautiful Parrot is fifteen inches. The X bill IS reddilh : orbits black : head and throat dark blue AvJth a mixture of lighter blue feathers: back part of the head green -, towards the throat yellow green : back and wings green • prime quills dufky, barred with yellow : breaft red mixed with yellow : belly of a fine blue : thighs green and yellow : tail cu- neiform; the two middle feathers green; the others the fame, but bright yellow on the outer edges : legs dulky. Inhabits Botany Bay in New Holland, Var. B. BLUE-BELUED PARROT. Descriptiow. Place, L*Ara varie des Moluqucs, Bri/.ern.iv. p. 197. N" 5. Lagrande Perruche a bandeau noir, Buf. oif. vi. p. ,58. Pfitt. orient, exquifit. Loeri didlus, Seba i. p. 63. f.4. • ' Pfitt. capite nigro, collar! viridi, KUin.Av. p. 25. N" ,6. P^ LITTLE bigger than the Amazon's Parrot : length fourteen mches, of which the tail is fix inches and three quarters The upper part of the head is black : the neck furrounded with a collar of green and red: back, rump, fcapulars, win. and tail coverts, deep blue: throat, fore part of the neck, and breafj fine light »5- BLACK- CROWNED PARROT. Descriftion. i I '. I III 1 ij I / 1) ;■ 1 I 1 t i 1 Li S14 PARROT. light red : belly, fides, thighs, and under tail coverts, deep green varied with red : quills deep blue : tail green above, red be- neath, and bordered with black ; in fliape much cuncated. Placi. Inhabits the Molucca IJlanJs, Btiffon '* will not have this called a Maccaw, as he cbfcrrvcs that there are none in that part of the world. Seba hy%i his bird came from Papua. 16. 4- TABUAN PARROT. Pl. VII. Description. Lev. Muf. T ENGTH nineteen inches. Bill black : the forehead very- dark purplifh black : chin and throat dufky purple )und the bafe of the under mandible the feathers, which projed. - .^r it, are green $ the reft of the head, neck, breaft, and belly, very deep crimfon : back, rump, and wing coverts, fine deep green : on the lower part of the neck, between that and the back, a crcfcent of blue : the baftard wing, and prime quills, are fine deep blue ; fecondaries green, fringed with blue : tail cuneiform j the two middle feathers eight inches in length, of a deep blue, deeply margined with green, with ends of the laft colour j all the others deep blue J the fliafts of all of them black: the legs duflcy. Flaci. This is a beautiful fpecies, and is found at Tcngo TabboOj and .the other Friendly IJles in the South Seas. * .Hiji, dis oif. vi. p. 202. X>j green .1 be- n;rvc5 very nd )U ,^r It, '' deep 3n the ent of bl ue e two ileeply others 0, and 1^ PARROT. 215 Le petit Lpri Papou, Son. Foy. p. 175. t. 1 1 !. gIZE of the Lory Parrakeet : length fixteen inches. Bill hooked, fliarp at the end, and of a red colour : head, neck, and breail, of a bright carmine red : on the back part of the head a fpot of blue j beneath this are two crefcents of black : wings green, fhortj the green colour extends acrofs the middle of the back, forming there a large fpot j the reft of the back to the tail is of a bright red, with a ftreak of blue down the middle : on each^ fide of the wing, juft at the bafe, is an oblong yellow fpot, ana juft above each thigh a large fpot of the fame : the belly and under tail coverts are red : tail cuneiform, and longer than all the reft of the bird; it is green for two thirds of its length, the reft yellow : legs of a bright red. . Inhabits Papua, 17- PAPUAN LORY. DfiscRipriQw. Place. gIR Jofepb Banks is in pofTefilon of one of thefe birds, which anfwers to the above defcnption; but I obferve, in his fpeci- men, that the breaft inclines much to purple j and acrofa the belly is a band of black, edged with green on the upper part: the middle tail feathers a/e eleven inches in length; the outer ones only three inches. »7' Var. a. JN the Ltvcrian Mufeum there are likewife two further varieties. The firft of thefe is as big in the body, but the tail fcarcely half the length: the hind part of the neck blue black, and the 4 feathers. »7« Var. B. m if 1 i ^^H [ li I < I II I • r <■ ! t I 1 21^ >7- Var. C. i8. LONG-TAILED SCARLET LORy. Description. P A k R O T. feathers fomcwhat longer than the reft : the general colour of the plumage fcarlet : on the middle of the back, becvveen the wings, a fmall yellow fpot :' between this and the rump blue, with a mixture of green : fides of the body and thighs yellow : ^" 2. Buf. oif. vi, p. ijS* Perruche des Inde» orieutales, PL enl. 143. 'TPHIS is a trifle bigger than the laft, being in length ten inches "*■ and three quarters, of which the tail makes up one-third. I'he biJl is reddilli ; tip black : forehead, hind part, and fides of the head and throat, fcarlet : crown, hind part of the neck, and the breaft, inclining to violet blue : on each fide of the head is a ftripe of tlie fame colour, reaching from the corner of the eye, and joining the violet at the back part of the neck : the fore part of the neck is pale d, mixed with brown and violet: back and fcapulars brown, with a flight mixture of led: lower part of the back, the rump, and upper tail coverts, deep red : belly, fides, thighs, and lower tail coverts, red, brosvn, and violet blue* mixed: under the wings 'carlet : greater quills pale brown j the fecondaries tipped with violet brown t t.iil four inches and threfi quarters in length ; the two outer feathers much fllorter than the middle ones: legs and claws bro vn. Inhabits Amboina, T ENGTM fifteen inches. Bill yellowifli brown : round the bafe of the under mandible and chin fine blue: head, neck, rump, and under parts, crimfon j the laft palcft : back brown j F f each 1^. INDIAN LORV. DEscRirrioNk Place. 20. BEAUTIFUL LORY. Descriptic . v ^ ;'i I i ' ii H ci8 20. Var. a. DESCRIPTlONt PARROT. each feather margined with diillifh red, between which and the- brown, on each feather, runs aline of green : flioulders pale blue,., mixed with a little red : on the lower part of the back the fea- thers have a greater depth of red at the margin j and, as the fea- thers approacli the rump, by covering one another, appear all' red : wing coverts plain browii j many of the outer Oiies, and the bend of the wing, pale blue ; but on the laft is a little mixture of" red: quills duflcy, with deep blue tdges : fecondaries the fame, edged with red, with a line of green between, as in the back: tail cuneiform, feven inches long; general colour grecnilh brown ; the two middle feathers green down the fhafts ; all of them margined on the outer webs with blue, and, except the middle ones, have the tips whitilii*. legs dufky. I am indebted to Sir Jofepb Banks for this defcription, having, a perfect fpecimen in his pofleflion. Native place uncertain. T ENGTH twelve Inches. Bill lead-colour j point yellow:: head, neck, and bread:, deep dull crimfon : the upper parts. or the body, wings, and tail, green: the quills dulky, with blue edges: the tail cuneiform, and four inches in length: the legs are black. Place uncertain. It appears to me as a variety of the laflj, perhaps the other fex. he. and the ale blue,, the fea- the fea- 3pear all' , and I he lixture of" :he fanae, ack : tail )wn ; the Tiargined nes, have I, having; yellow : 1 per pans f vith blue <^- the legs X the lafVj. • % 1 i Is, 1 1 1 ^ A R il O T. Lepetit Lori de Gueby, Son. Fey. p. 174. t. 109. LiLori rouge & violet, Bu/\ oif. vi. p. 135. Lor: de Gueby, PI, enl, 684. '^HIS is faid to be half the Hze of the Amazons Parrot. Bill and irides the colour of fire : head, throat, back, belly, and -wing coverts, of as bright a red as carmine: quills black, with a tranfverfe band acrofs their whole breadth : tail red brown. Inhabits Gueby *. Mr. Sonnerat is not fufficicntly explicit in his defcription -, but I ann clear that he means the \t\y fame bird now in my pofTeflloi, as it anfwers in every particular to his defcription. In my bird, the length is nine inches and a half: the fize is that of the Lory Parrakeet. The band acrofs the wings is of the fame carmine with the reft of the body, with the addition of a broad ring of purple, beginning at the lower part of the neck behind, °and pafling to the breaft, where it occupies a broad fpace : there is alfo a bed of blackilh purple on the belly: the tail is cuneiform ; the outer feather an inch fliorter than the middle ones : the legs are dulky. I mention this, fuppofing Mr. Sonmrat\ bird not having yet come to its full colour, which fome Parrots do not arrive at for two or three years. 7 his beautiful creature I had prefented to me, on its death, by the Right Hon. Lady Mary Scott, who kept it alive for feveral years, during which time it was perfedly docile. • I fancy this is laid down in our maps by the name of G/%, a fmall Hland between Gilalo and New Guinea, 119 Ff2 Perroquet - GUEBY LOdY. Description. Place. Rem ARKS. i«tf'' 220 PARROT. i zt, Var. a. VIOLET LORY. DESCRIPTION* Place. Perro^et violet, Ferm. Dt/cr, dt Sun'tt. vol. ii. p. 175, 'T^HE bill is black j very ftrong : iris of a gold-colour : the head, and all the upper parts, of a fine crimfon : bread and belly fine violet : the head appears as if divided from the body by a line of violet, which paffes on each fide to the violet on the breaft,. giving it the ^ appearance of the firing of a Jhoe-maker's apron*: the fcapulars are of a fine blue: wings and tail green and red j whether the laft be long or ihort not mentioned. Inhabits the coafts of the Amazons Country. I may furely venr ture to place this as a variety of the laft, rather than, a diftin6l ipecies. !« 22. VARIEGATED u^, Uuf. LORY. ^ Description. T ENGTH. from ten to eleven inches : in fize lefs than the fcarlet Lory. Bill dufky : general colour of the plumage deep fcarlet: the lower part of the neck, and beginning of the back, and round to the breaft, the belly, and vent, are of 3 fine purplifh blue, but inclining to a green ifh black on the lower part of the belly : the upper part of the wings is wholly red j the quills are dulky at the ends, but on the inner webs yellow : the wing, when lifted up, appears beneath to have one third from the ihoulder red and yellow mixed ; the middle yellow i and the ends duiky: the tail is very little cuneatedj the feathers green j the * Semble former le collier d'ua tablier de Cordonnier. Ttrmin, infide PARROT. infidc near the bafe rcddifli ; the outer edge near the ends blue. This is a moft beautiful bird, and is faid to have come from the Eajl Indies. The three laft feem to bear great affinity to three mentioned by Pernetty *, but his defcription of them is too imperfeft to be relied on. 221 PLACr. tori noir de la Nouvelle Guinee, Son. Foy. p. 175. t. iii; ~ forreft't Foy. to New Guinea, p. 1 3 3. 23' BLACK LORY. gIZE of the common Parrakecc. Bill blackilh : eye in a bare Description. brown fkin : iris compof-d of two circles j the greater one blue, and the leffer red brown : the plumage black, with a tinge of blue, which has at once both a metalline glofs, as well as the foftnefs of velvet : the tail is cuneiform, but not in a great de- gree, but is long i it is black above, and of. a dull red beneath i legs blackifh. Inhabits New Guinea. ' Piack. P/ittacus ornatus, Lin. Syft. i. p. 143. N" 19. La Perruchc varie'e des Indes, Brif. ern. iv. p. 366. N° 73. La Perruchc Lori, Buf. «/. vi. p. 145. Perruche variee des Indes orientales, PL tnl, 552.. Lory Parrakeet, £ii I I ill 11 V 1 ' M 1 i ! \ K I ! 1 111 I. ■14 I t ' ; i I a 22 •TtACE. PARROT. of a fine black blue : on the hind head is a crimfon* crefcent, with the points towards the eyes: on each fide of the head, be- hind and above the eyes, is a fine black blue fpot : behind this is another of a yellowifh colour, placed longitudinally : on fides of the head under the eyes, the throat, the fore part of the neck, and breafl:, the feathers are fcarler, edged with blackifli green : hind part of the neck, back, rump, fcapulars, upuer wing and tail coverts, belly, thighs, and fides, green : on each fide of the neck is a yellow longitudinal ftripe : the feaclicrs on the mid- dle of the back, and fides of the belly, are tipped with yellow : quills green on the outer, dark brown or blackifli on the inner webs : tail three inches and a half long ; the two middle feathers green j the others the fame, but with yellowifli ends ; beneath reddifli : legs and claws cinereous. Inhabits the Eafi Indies. Mr. Bancroft * mentions the Lory 'Parrakcet of Edivards being m C ' *, and defcribes it as "being of a yellowifli green, with a long tail j the hinder part of the head and throat red, but the Dp and fides of the head blue." According to Buffony this mufl: have been one imported into Guiana, as he does not allow of two climates for the fame Parrot. * //(/?. of Guiana, p. iGz, U in' crefcent, e head, be- behind this on fides of ff the neck, ifh green : r vviiin; and ich fide of n the mid- ;th yellow : the inner lie feathers 5 i beneath the Lory as " being °r part of ead blue." or ted into the fame PARROT. La Perruche rouge hupee de Java, Brif.orn. iv. p. 381. 80 La Perruche huppee, Buf. oif. vi. p. 160. Pfittacus parvus Bontii, Raii Syn. p. 34. N° j. Bontius's fmall Parrakeet, Will. orn. p. 120. N" 7. grZE of a Lark. Bill grey : cere whitifli : eyes black, and placed in a bare filvery white flcin : the head is crefled : the general colour of the plumage fcarlet : throat grey : fore part of the neck and breafl rofc-colour : fcapulars and wing coverts red and green mixed : quills the fame : the tail is long, reaching ten inches beyond the wings when clofed : the two middle feathers are fcarlet; the others of a rofe-colour tinped with blue, and have a mixture of green- Inhabits Java. Willughhy fays of this bird, that when " exi- pofed to the fun. it reprefents a thoufand varieties of fhining co- lours, and can hardly be exprefled by a painter." He alfo adds, that thefe Parrots? are " found chiefly in the midland countries, and that they rooft and build on the highcft trees. 1 hey fly in companies, and with a great noife, is do the whole tribe of Par- rots. They are alfo garrulous, aid learn to pronounce fome A'ords if they be kept tame." 223 CRESTrD RED PARR.AKiiET. DEiCRirTION. Placb AND Manngai, u la ,4 i {• u t. i A R R O r. La petite Perruche jaune des Brefil, Bri/. orn. iv. p. Le Jendaya, Buf. ei/. vi. p. 262. Jendaya, Rati Sjit, p, 34. Will. era. p. 116. feft. 4. N° OIZE of a Blackbird. Bill black : orbits naked, white : irides gold-colour : colour of the plumage green above, yellow be- neath : bottom of the belly green : head and neck yellow : legs and claws black. Inhabits Braftly and called Jendaya. M. de Buffon has ventured to place this among the long-tailed fpecies, though Brljfoti has ranked it with the Ihort-tailed ones : in fad, neither of them knows for certain, as they are both copyifts of MarcgravCj who does not mention the fhape of the tail. 27. ANGOLA YELLOW PARROT. N«76. •Pfittacus iblftitialts, £<«. Syjl. i. p. 141. N'' i2. La Perruche jaune d'AngoIe, Bri/.em.'vr. p. 371. Le Perruche jaune, Buf. oif. vi. p. 147. Langfchwant^rger gelber papage}', Fri/ch. t. 53. Pfittacus aurantius, J. Fr. Miller, pL 5. Parroquet from Angola, jilbin.'iii. t. 13. Liv. M^f. Description. T ENGTH eleven inches and a half: fize of a Turtle. Bill greenifli afli-colour eyes and bafe of the bill furrounded with a pale afh-coloured flcin : irides dull yellow : general colour of the plumage orange yellow : the back and wing coverts marked with yellow green fpots : the iump and upper tail coverts yel- low green : fides and thighs red : wing coverts neareft the body yellowilh ■'Ji^kss , PARROT. yellowifh green, edged with orange yellow, thofe fartheft from the body blue : greater quills blue on the outfide, and of a yel- lowifh green within ; the lefler ones of the laft colour : the fix middle tail feathers yellowifh green ; the three outfide ones the fanne, but blue on the outer edge : tail wedge-fhaped : legs and claws reddifh. . _. ^ .,,j Inhabits Jngola; but y^/^/», though he has given it this title, fays it came from the Eaji Indies, and adds, that it learns to talk. In Frifcbj the bill is red-brown, and round the eye the fkin is red. 22^ Place, La Perruche jaune du Brefil, Sri/, em. iv. p. 369. Le Guaroubaou Perriche jaune, Buf. oif. vi. p. 272. Perruche jaune de Cayenne, PI. enl. 525. Quijubatui, Rati Syn. p. 35. "~ '^'''- orn- p. 1 17. fea. 4, at the end. 2«. ■BRASIUAN YELLOW PARROT. ^HIS beautiful fpecies is lefs than the common Parrakeet : the Descriptiok length about eleven inches. Bill grey : eyes black : the whole bird of a fine yellow, except the greater quills, which are green : the tail is yellow, cuneated, and pretty long. Inhabits BrafiU fometimes in the Amazons Country *, but not found at Cayenne. It is called by the natives Guiaruba, which ^^gm^t^ yellow bird. It does not learn to talk. It is a folitary bird, and not difficult to tame. The natives, in the fale of it, fet a great price, on account of its fcarcity j however, the bird • Hijl. des oif. vi. p. 273. Gg which Pla CE. \ nS P A R H O T. which M. de Buffon fpeaks of* is Ibme variety of this fpecies, as he fays it has a mixture of green on the wing coverts, as well as a mixture of colours in the tail feathers, the points of which are violet blue ; the middle of the tail and the rump are green, bor- dered with yellow : reft of the body faffron or orange-colour. I have one of thefe birds, as defcribed by IVillughby, in my col- lection J and there is another in the poffefTion of Capt, Davits ; and I remember likewife to have feen a third, which was a triSe lef^ in fize, and had a mixture of here and there a green feather through- out the whole (dumage ; but the tail was of a pure yellow. I make no doubt of this being a young bird, and that M, de Buffon* ^ was either fo, or differing in fex. A w H Var. a. MEXICAN YELLOW PARROT. DlSCRIPTION. FfcACIr La Perruche jaane da Mexique« Bri/, orn. iv. p. 370. Avis CochOj Pfittaci Mexican! fpecies, Sth. i. t. 64. f. 4. TN fize it is equal to the common Parrakeet : length eleven inches. Bill reddifti r the head is of a pale red : the neck of an orange red : back, rump, breaft, belly,^ fides, thighs, upper and under tail coverts, light yellow : upper wing coverts varied with green, red, and orange : quills green : tail wedge-fhaped, and of a pale yellow. Inhabits Mexico : fuppofed to be a variety of the lafl f . * Z%tPlan(btsenlimnittt 525. t Hifi, dit $i/. vi. p. 274. (i): PfiUactuc PARROT. 227 (i): rfiuactu: 1 Ffittacus Carollndnfii, Lin. Sjfi. i. p. 141. N* 13. — Setf. Jim. i. p. 29. N** tj. La Perruche de la Caroline, Brif. »rm. iv. p. 3$o.— PA #m/. 499. La Perriche a tete jaune, Bn/, ei/. v'l. p. 274. Perroquet, H^j. Ftrmin. Dt/crip. dt Siirimam,ii, p. 176 * f Parrot of Carolina, Catifi. Car. i. t. 1 1* Caroline Parrot, jlmtr. Zeel. N" CIZE of the green Parrakect : length thirteen inches. Bill ycl- lowifh white : both that and the eyes furrounded with a naked, pale, afh-coloured fkin : irides yellow : fore part of the head orange : back part of the head, nape, and throat, yellow : lower part of the neck behind, the back, rump, breaft, belly, fides, upper and lower tail coverts, green : thighs the fame, but thoie next the joint orange : edge of the wing orange : wing coverts above green i the lefTer ones beneath green, the greater brown: quills brown on the infide, yellow on the outlide at the bafe, then green, with the tips inclining to blue : the fecondaries green above : all the quills brown beneath : tail much cuneated, and green : legs and claws hoary. This bird inhabits Guiana, migrating into Carolina and Virginia in autumn. Catejby obferves, that it feeds on corn and kernels of fruits, particularly thofe of cyprefs and apples: comes in autumn into Carolina in vaft flights, doing great damage in orchards, by tearing to pieces the fruits to get at the kernels, the only part which is agreeable to them. They have been known to build their nefl:s in Carolina, but the major part retire fouth in breeding- time, returning again when thofe fruits are ripe which attraft them. * If this be the fame bird, he merely fays that the head, flioulders, and thighs, are yellow ; the reft of the body of a very fine green. G g z Pittacus 39. CAROLINE PARROT. DstCMrTIOM. Place anb Manners. ! I if" i ) 1 J illlitl ■ i i , ' - i i 21$ iLLir^rors PARROT. Description. Pr,ACE AND Manners. PARROT. Pfittacus pertlnax, Lia. Syfl. i. p. 142. N° 15. La Perruche IIHnoife, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 353, N° SS.-^PI. enl. 528. L'Aputejuba, Buf. oif, vi. p. 269. t. 13. Kleiner lang fchwartziger grune Papagey, &c. Frifch. t. 54. Tui Aputejuba, Raii/yn, p. 34. N° 2. Tui fpecies fecunda, Raii/yn. p. 181. N" 6. — Will, orn. p. 116. Yellow -faced Parrakeet, f'^/it;. t. 234. Illinoi* Parrot, Am. Zool. N° CIZE of a common Parakeet : length nine inches and a half. The bill is of a light afli-colour: eyes and upper mandible placed in a naked afh-coloured fkin : irides deep orange : gene- ral colour green above, yellow green beneath : the forehead, cheeks, and throat, fine orange : crown of the head deep green ; paleft toward the hind head, where it is mixed with yellow : fore part of the neck cinereous green : on the belly a few orange fpots : quills blue green, inner margins and fliafcs blackifli j the five next the body green : tail cuneated ; the two middle feathers exceed the outer one by an inch and three quarters ; it is green above j the two middle feathers plain j fome of the others have cinereous margins, and others yellowifh ones : legs deep afii : claws brown. This inhabits Brafd, and is com'r.on at Guiana as well rs Cayenne-, they call it at this lalt phce Perruchc-poux de l/ois*, as ic • fToed Lou/e Tsitrot. This iiifeft belongs to the Termes genus of Linnaus, and is called by the Engllfh in the Weft Indies, White or Wood Ant ; in Africa, Vag Vague, or Bngabug : the devaluation of which is too well known in the parts where they frequent. Con{\i\i Adan/on^s Voy. ' • Senegal, 8vo. p. 153, 179.— • B('/man's Foy. to Guinea, p. 276, 493. — Sloan. Jam. vol. ii. p. 221, J3V. SsV.— See aiib a curious and entertaining paper on this fuhjcft by Mr. Smeathman, Phil.Tran/, vol. Ixxi. p. 139. generally PARROT. generally makes its neft in the habitations of thcfe infeas. It remains the whole year at Guiana, frequenting the favannas, and other open places. This fpecies migrates far northward, being exceeding com.mon all up the banks of^the Ohio, and the fouthern fhores of Lake Erie— often feen in great numbers together, con- fifting at leaft of five hundred in a flock, and living, among other things, on cheftnuts, acorns, and wild peas— like Rooks, Live an cut-centinel to warn them of approaching enemies ; and whca difturbed, fet up an horrible outcry all together. Their flcfli is accounted admirable by fome, being well r^lidied both by the French and Indians. The Englijh are not fo fond of it -, but I have been told by fome, that Parrci fcup, well made, is an excellent difli. 329 Lev. Mil/, gIZE pretty large. Bill duflcy : head and neck yellow : the reft of the body palifh green: tail cuneiform: vent crimfon : quills and end of the tail feathers blue. A fpecimen in the Leverian Mufeum, but not known from whence it came : I certainly think from the Enft Indies or CAna, as I have feen a drawing very like the above-defcribed, if not the iame, which was taken from an original in that part of the world. CRIMSON- VExXFRD PARROT. DeSCRIPTIOI" Place. lift 1 s n i t I i ' m I H II i : 130 EMERALD PARROT. PARROT. La Perruche emeraude, Buf. ei/. vi. p. z6t» Perruchedes terres Magellaniques, Pl.enL 6$. Placi* DEtcRiFTxoK. T ENGTH thirteen inches. Billdufkjr: the whole of this bird is of a fine gloffy green, except the lower part of the bellyr, vent, and tail, which are of a ferruginous cheftnut : the tail is pretty long, and green at the tips : legs dulky. This is faid to come from the Straits of Magalhaen : but it may be juftly doubted. No bird of this genus has been known to vifit naturally farther than forty-three degrees north of the line ; and it is fcarce probable, that on the fouthern fide one (hould be found in a place whofe latitude is more than fifty : indeed ForfieVy in his Voyage *, rather wonders at meeting with Parrots in Dujky Bay, New Zealand, whofe latitude is not more than forty- fix. LONG-TAILED GREEN PARRAKEET. DiscRirTiow. Ffittacus ruiiroftris, Lin.SyftA. p. 142. N** 18. La Perruche, Bri/. ern. iv. p. 319. N" ^^,—PI.tii/, 550. Le Sincialo, Bu/. ei/. vi. p. 265. Tui, N" I. Rait Sjn. p. 34. — fnll. ern. p. 116. Small green long-tailed Parrakeet, Brown. Jam, 472. Long-tailed green Parrakeet, Edw, iv. t. 17;. CIZE of a Blackbird : length twelve inches and a quarter. The upper mandible blood red, and black at the point ; the under wholly black : eyes in a bare fkin, which with the cere is flefli- roloured : irides orange : general colour of the plumage yellow •Vol. i. p. 158. green : '*Ui, this bird :he belly, le call is uC ic may :nown to the line; fiould be indeed I Parrots ore than PARROT. green : edge of the quills yellowilh : the two middle tail feathers are longer than the outfide ones by five inches : legs and claws flelh- colour. Inhabits various parts o^ America. Bancroft tells us that it is in Guiana, and that the tail fea- thers are blue at the point. It is called Sincialo * at St. Domingo. It is very noify in its natural ftate, and eafily learns to talk, whiftle, and imitate the voices of the animals within its hearing. Thefe fly in troops, and alighting on trees well cloathed with green, it is a difficulty to find them, though great numbers fettld on the fame tree. They are very lively, and are eafily tamed ; but, like many others of the race, when kept in a houfe, will alwavs join in the difcourfe at a time one would mod wilh them to be filent. In their native places they are accounted good food, being at times very fat, and not unfavoury. 231 Place. Objervation. ;r. The he under is flefli- e yellow green : La Perruche de la Guadalonpe, Bri/. em, \y. p. 330. Green Parrot of Guiana, Bantrp GimVm. p. 161. CIZE of a Thru(h. The bill is flender, and flelh-coloured : the irides are outwardly reddifii, but afli- coloured near the pupil : the eye is furrounded by an alh- coloured (kin, one line in breadth : the whole plumage is green, with a variety of fhadcs: to which Bitijfon adds, that the tail is cuncatcd, and the legs and claws are whitiih. Ivii^b'xt^ Bvajil 2au\ Guadaloupe, • Shtiah I« one of the provinces of ^/. Demii^o, whence jjerhaps its name* 97//. na, p. iij6« Var. a. GUIANA GREEN PARRAKEET. DiseRIfTiON. J^LAcn. ' i U' PAVOUANE PARROT. 'ESCRIPTION* . W Place. » i^ » Bancroft* fays that It is the moft numerous' of all Parrokeets in Guiana ; and that it is alfo found in Terra Firma, as well as in fonie of tlie Caribbce IJlands. La Peiruche de la Gulane, Brif. orn. iv. p. 331. N° 59. t. 28. f. i. La Perriche Pavouane, Buf. oif. vi. p. 255. Perruche de la Guiane, PI. enl. 407. a young bird. — — — — de la Guiane, PI. enl. 167. in full plumage. Lev. Muf. TT is one foot in length. The bill is whitirti ; tip cinereous : cere whitifh : parts above deep green j beneath paler : cheeks fpotted with red: under lefler wing coverts fcarlet; the greater of a fine yellow: the quills beneath are dull yellow j at the mar- gins near the tips blackifh ; but above they are the fame colour as the back, and margined with yellowifli grey within : the fliafts of all of them, except the three neareft the body, are black : tail in length fix inches and a quarter ; the two middle feathers are longer than the outer ones by three inches : legs grey : claws bjackifli. ■ > Inhabits G«/^««. . ." . . . ,' ,'/• Buffon obferves, that when young, thefe birds have not the fides of the head and neck fpotted with red, nor do thefe fpots appear till the bird is two or three years old j but the Under wing coverts are red, even in the young birds, though ,-pf a paler colour. This is very common at Cayenne^ and found in the Ca- • He adds, that at Guiana there is a red-headed one, differing only in having the feathers of its head divcrfified with crimfon fpots. Hifi. of Guiana, p. 162. 6recn Parrots with long tails (Pfittacus articularius) are stx-^ numerous at Sufatte. Toreen, Fcj. vol. ii. p. 200. * .' * * ' " '6 " ribhce 'arrokeets well as ia , f. I. :mereons : r : cheeks he greater t the mar- ine colour the fliafts ack : tail athers are ey : claws have not do theftf tlie Under ;f a paler the Ca" y in having i//a, p. 162. umcrous ac PARROT. rMee IJlands likewlfe. It is of all the Parrakeets the aptefl: ta talk plain, and, though kept for a long time confined, always (hews a peculiar wildnefs in its nature. It is called at Guiana by the name of Pavoume. Thefe fly in numbers, frequent favannas and woods, and are very fond of the fruit of the tree Vimmortd*, I take Sir A. Lever's fpecimen to be a flight variety. The head in his bird is of a dufky blue, as far as the middle of the crown : the under parts of the body incline much to olive : the bill and legs lead-coloured : the under wing coverts crimfon, but no yellow, as in the above-mentioned bird. This fpecimen came •from Cayenne^ and is full thirteen inches in length. La Perruche de I'lfle de Lu9on, Soimer.Voy. p. 80. t. 44. :JS 'T'HIS is double the fize of the common Parrakeet. Round the bill the feathers are of a bright green : the bill is very large, and flefli-coloured : eyes in proportion very fmall ; irides white : the top of the head is blue : the upper parts of the body of a grais green j beneath of a yellowifli green : the under part of the tail grey green : leHer wing coverts black, bordered with yel- lowilb brown ; greater coverts black alfo, but bordered with blue, and this again edged with yellowifli brown, forming all to- gether a large fpot on the wings of a beautiful appearance : the tail feathers are longifli and cuneiform ; legs blackifli. Inhabits the ifland of Luzonia, • Erythri>:a (orallodendren, Lin ft. Varietv, 35- VARlEr>- WINGED FARROT. DBSCRiPT10«t Placs, ri bhce II h J,a ■ 1 i i V' 1 V :\' ! 1 ! I I i 1 ^ If '- f I ( iss :H ( : :!' i f 2J4 BI.UE- COLLARED PARROT. Description. Place. 37. 4- ALEXAN- DRINE PARRAKEET. DfiSCRIfTlON, ?LACE» P A R R O 1'. La Perruche a Collier de I'Ifle de Luyon, Son, Voy, p. 8o. t. 43. CIZE of the common Parrakeet. Bill and irides red: head, neck, and belly, greyifli green : on the neck is a band of light blue, forming a collar : wings and back grafs green : at the be- ginning of each wing is a large deep red fpot : tail cuneiform j the two middle feathers are much longer than the reft, and graft green j the others of a greyifh green : legs blackilh grey. Inhabits the ifland of Luzonia, Pfittacus Alexandii, Lin.SyJl.'u p. 141. N* 14. — Scop. Jnn.'i. p. 29. N°26. La grande Perruche a Collier d'un rouge vif, Buf. oif. vi. p. 141. Perruche a Collier des Ides Maldives, PI. enl. 642. Pfittacus torquatus macrourus. Rail Syn. p. 33. N° u Ring Parrakeet, Will, orn, p. ii^t—Edto. pL 292. Ltv. Muf, CIZE of a Pigeon. Bill red : general colour of the plumage green j paleft on the under parts : the throat is black, pafling behind to meet a crefcent of red at the back part of the neck : at the bend of the wing a purplifh fpot : the tail * is longer than the body, green fringed with blue, and of a pale yellow beneath : legs dufky. This fpecies inhabits the fouthern part of the continent of • I find authors differ much in the length : Buffon makes it fifteen inches long in the whole : Willughhy fays the tail is fix inches long : Scopeli, that it is near a foot. This will be the cafe in all long-tailed birds ; and perhaps it would be better to judge by bulk than length in fuch birds, AM:, •43' ed : head, id of light at the be- :uneiform ; , and grafs sy. 3. 29. N** 26. 2 plumage ck, pafling e neck : at onger than V beneath : mtinent of n inches long lat it is near s it would be PARROT. Afta, alfo the neighbouring ifles, and CeyJon. It is mofl probable that Alexander miglit mean tliis Parrot, as the laft iHand his army vifited was Ceylon, from whence therefore he might have had them. I have received this from the Eaft Indies. La Perruche I Collier, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 323. N^^j. La Perruche a Collier couleur de rofe, Buf. cif. vi. p. 152.-P/. enl. 551, Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. J^ENGTH fifteen inches and a quarter : fize of a Blackbird. The upper mandible is blood red, with a black tip i the lower one black : irides yellow : eyes furrounded with a flefli- coloured fldn : the general colour is pale green : throat black : round the neck is a ring of a light rofe-colour: the hind head in- clines to violet : tail nine inches long, and much cuneated, the two middle feathers exceeding the outer ones by feven inches : the legs are afh-coloured : claws grey brown. This bird, as far as I have obferved, does not gain the ring round the neck the firft year at leaft, as I have kzn feveral which were quite plain when they were at firft imported, and gained the ring at the next year's moult. This bird is a native of Africa, and not of America, as M. Brijfon makos it : indeed it is frequently imported from various parts of America and the ^Ji Indies, but has been firft carried to thofe parts, by the fiiips in the fiave-trade, from Senegal If this fpecies be allowed to be the Parrot defcribed by Aldrovand (as fome think) as one known both to the Romans and Greeks, the circumftance muft be impoflible, if the bird was of American =^35 37- +- Var. a. ROSE-RINGED PARRAKEET. Description. Observation. Hh2 origin IS 8 f'iii ' Hill ; ':liii J ''i 1 1 1 4 1 •5 83^ .ill ! \ Var. B. PURPLE- RINGED PARRAKEET. Description. 'LACE» 37- Var.C. DOUBLE- RINGED PARRAKEET. PARROT. origin J as Parrots are feldom known to traverfe far acrofs the ocean j neither was America at that time known. La Perruche a Collier des Indes, Brif. ern. iv, p. 326. N® 56. . Bracelet Parrakeet from the Baft Indies, JJiin. ii. pi. 18. T ENGTH feventeen inches. The upper mandible orange ; the lower black : irides yellow. It differs from the laft in having the flcin round the eyes brown : the crown of the head of. a blueifh green : the ring purple: and the fore part of the neck, and breaft pale rofe-colour. Inhabits the Eajl Indies,, Pfittacus Alexandri, Lin. Syfi. 3. p. 142. N° 14. y. La Perruche a Collier de I'lfle de Bourbon, Brif, era. W. p. 328. N** 57. t. 27. f. I. La Perruche a double Collier, Buf. oif, vi. p. 143. Perruche a Collier de I'Jfle de Bourbon, PL cnl. 215. Description, T ENGTH thirteen inches and a half. Bill nearly as the others : parte above green j beneath yellow green : the ring; round the neck is rofe-colour, broadeft before ; above it the plumage has a little mixture of blue green : under the throat rifes a yellow ftripe, which meets the rofe-coloured ring : on the fides of the neck, above the ring, is a narrow black ftripe, which reaches on. each fide to the lower mandible : the tail is green above, and yellow afli beneath j the two middle feathers longer than the outer ones by nearly four inclies. <5 ' Inhabits F A R R Q T; ^37 crafs the- Tfthabits the IJle of Bourbon y and other parts in the fame lati- titude, both in Africa and the Indies^ Place. 5. I orange ;. he laft in ie head of ■ the neck. 328. N«57* irly as the 1 : the rinp; 3Gve it the : throat rifes on the fides ripe> which ail is green hers longer Inhabits Pfittacus Alexandri, Lin. Syfl.'u p. 142. N° 14.-^. La Perruche a.tete blue des Indes, Brif. ern. Jpp. p. izg. La Perruche a tete d'Azur, Buf. oif. vi. p. 148. Blue-headed Parrakeet, £ La Perrkhe a ailes varioes, Buf, oi/. vi. p. 259. Petite Perruche verte de Cayenne, PI. enl. 3159.. Ltv. Muf. T ENGTH'eight inches and a quarter: not fo big in fize as a- Blackbird. Bill and cere whitifh: upper parts of the body, grecniih j beneath the fame, but paler : the greater wing coverts, next. I I PARROT. next the body, have the bafe and inner webs white; but the outer webs and tips are yellow j the coverts farthefl: from the body are of a greenifli blue j beneath, thofe nearcft the body arc pale brJmflone, and the outer ones of a blueifli green : the firft five prime quills are green on the 'outer edges and tips, Hiaded with blue, but black on the infide, with a white margin ; the next Ccven are white, with the outer webs and tips yellow ; mod of the others have the outer webs and tips yellow, and the inner webs of a yellowifh white ; the four next to the body are green : the tail is three inches and a half long, green above, cuneiform, with the inner margins yellowifli : legs and claws grey. The female differs only in the colours being lefs vivid. Thefe birds are in plenty at Cayenne, where they are called the eommoti Parrakcet. They fly in numbers together, and are not very (by, as they frequently fettle in the m.idfl: of inhabited places. They are fond of the buds of the mmortd treCy and fettle on it in numbers when it is in flower; and as this tree is planted near the habitations, the inhabitants have opportunities of fliocting them readily, which only drives away the reft: for a while, to return a little time afterwards. They learn to fpeak. eafily. 245 I Plack AND MaNN£Ri>, La Perriche a Grrge varlce, Buf. oif. vi. p. 259. Pcrruche a Cinrge , tachetce de Cayenne, PI. enl. l^^—Ortt. um any of the fpecies. Place unknown. Pcrnetfy fays that his bird was of the fize of a Thrufh. Bill fliort, very hooked, and of a flefh-colour : plumage entirely green, except the neck, breaft, and a fmall part of the b^Uy, which were of a filvery grey : tail very long. Thefc, fays he, were met with at Monteiideo, and bought by the fdiiors for two piaftres apiece. Ttiey were tame and gentle, eafily learned :o fpeak, and articulate weli, and were pleafed with company, too often -oining in converfation with them. It was the common opinion, tnat they lived but one year, if confined in a cage. This fpec:e* is not far remote from the other, if not the very Une. 47- GREV- BREASTED PARRAKEET. Description. rxACE AND MaKK£.RS. n I I' ■ ( LENGTH '■.> f- i W I 1 . ^1 -Wx- I \\ . r Jii^lif! I :l :43 4^ 1' ARROr. Pl. ViJl. Hi: -^ cRi rrio.N. Vh/^ni, 49« Ci^IJ'DONTAN PARHOr. Desckiptioni F A R R O T. T ENGTH eleven inches : fize of a fmall Dove. The bill is bkieilli at the bafe, and black at the tip : irides of a golden yellow : forehead, crown, nape, and region of the ears, deep fcarlet, mixed with black : fides of the head yellowifli orange : the lower mandible is befet with deep black fliining feathers, pointing forwards : from the crown fpring two flender duflcy fea- thers, about an inch and a half long, and tipped with crimfon : the hind part of the neck, and the rump, are yellowifli : the reft of the body green : the wing coverts green outwardly, but the inner webs 'and tips are dufky : the quills are black j the outer margins of them blue : tail cuneiform, fix inches in length, and of the fame blue colour as the quills, but green on the outer edges, near the bafe; near the ends, and the tips, almoft white j the under part of the tail and quills foot black : legs dulky blue. This fpecies inhabits Nezv Caledonia* y and is called by the na- tives Kcre or Keghe. I found this bird in the colle6lion of Sir 'Jof. Banks, where there is a perfed and fine fpecimenj I believe the only one that has reached England, T ENGTH twelve inches. Bill blueifli ; tip pale : the feathers round the upper mandible crimfon; thofe round the lo<»er, and the chii:, blue : crown greenifli yellow : the plumage on the • In Cook's Voy, vol, ii. p. no, a bird is figured, which I take to be this j buc it feems to have been done more by way of ornament to the plate, than ex- preflive of the bird. 3 «Pper 1 I'lATir. The bill is Df a ffolden ears, deep ifli orange : ng feathers, ;r duflcy fea- th crimfon : ill : the reft lly, but the Ci the outer I length, and m the outer moft white j , legs dufky ed by the nc- ledion of Sir en ; I believe : the feathers ind the lo;»er, umage on the take to be this ; he plate, than ex- iipper i ^ A///// ////V/'/. y' ■ fi I I t! ll n iji r 11 * i pi '} i \l ^ < J f t P A R R O 1\ 2431 upper parts of the body olive green ; beneath olive yellow: outer edge of the tail pale blue: tail cuneiform i the two middle feathers fix inches long; the outer one three only, colour olive green ; the outer edges of the four outer ones pale blue j ends of all whiiifli : legs dulky blue. Inhabits Nezv Caledonia. There is a fpecimen of this likewife at Place. ^/> Jofeph Banks's. I have fome fufpicion of its proving the female of the laft-mentioned : the bill, legs, wings, and tail, do very much correfpond. T ENGTH fifteen inches. Bill flout, moderately hooked ; the upper mandible not angulated ; bafe of both deep blue ; the tip of the upper black : the forehead very dark purple : crown greenifli cheftnut : fides of the head pale green : from, the bafe of the bill arifes a ftreak of crimfon, which pafles through the eye, and a little way behind it : hind part of the head and neck, upper parts of the body, and wing coverts, dark green : at the back part of the neck a few pale yellow feathers i and on the middle of the back a mixture of pale ferruginous brown : the rump crim- fon, with a tinge of cheftnut : the under parts of the body ci- nereous green : the greater quills are brown, with blueifh edges : fecondaries, and baftard wing, dufky, with the edges green, and pale rufty brown tips: the tail is cuneiform; the two middle feathers being feven inches in length, the outer ones only three inches and a quarter ; the colour of them blueifh, but the two middle ones have green margins ; all the fhafts deep cheftnut : legs black. Inhabits New Zealand. A fine fpecimen is now at Sir Jofeph Pl Banks's, from which this defcription is taken. K k LENGTH so. RED-RUMPED PARROT. Description. ACE. ill I i i'i I ,n i j « .' i 1 1 I i ' , '1 ! i ! 450 5'' CRESTED PARRAKEbT. Description. Female, 52. SOCIETY PARROT. PARROT, T ENGTH twelve inches. Bill pale ; crown of the head, fides, and throat, yellow: behind the eye, juft within the yellow, is a fpot of crimfon ; and behind this the yellow is paler than in the other parts : from the crown of the head fpring fix flender fea- thers, forming a creft j two of thefe are near three inches long, and the four others fhorter : the upper parts of the body are olive brown j the under parts the fame, but paler : on the wing is an oblique bar of white, caufed by the tips of the fecond quills,, which art of that colour : tiie tail the fame, pretty long, and cuneiform : the le^s are duflcy. The female is of the fame fize. The head of the fame colour with the body, but a little paler on the fides, and crefted as in the male : behind the eye is the fame crimfon fpot as in the male : the head and body inclined to cheftnut: on the rump are flender tranfverfe lines of grey : the tail is barred with numerous lines of the fame j the outer feather is white on the outer b the whole length : on the middle of the wing is an oblique bar of white, as in the other. Thefe I met with at Sir Jofeph Banks'Sy who brought them from iV>w Holland. Description. | j Lev. Muf, ENGTH ten inches and a half. Bill deep blue; end black: the whole head black brown : on the upper parts of the body the plumage is deep olive green \ each feather mr.rgined with duflcy, giving it a waved appearance : rump deep dull crimfon, each feather waved on the margin alfo with dufky : upper tiil covcrt-s llil "M.. ead, fides, yellow, is han in the ender fea- long, and are olive wing is an )nd quills, long, and me colour d as in the the male : are flender )us lines of I the whole if white, as nks'Sj who 1 ^nd Dlack: t f the body *- ■ fmed with '-r; 1 crimfon. .•} upper tail 1 coverts '■? ■4 ■A PARROT. coverts the fame colour as the back : the chin is dufky ; the reft of the under part of the body olive yellow, each feather margined with dufky, as in the upper parts, but paler : quills and tail duflcy i the lafl: of a cuneiform iliape, and inclining to cinereous brown : the two middle feathers five inches in length; the outer one three inches and a half: leg. black. Inhabits UJieleity one of the Society IJlands in the South Seas. White- collared Parrot, Gen. of Birds, \>. 59. pi. 2. CIZE not mentioned. Bill red : head, checks, and chin, blue : neck, back, and wings, greer- : the neck is half furrounded with a white collar, pafTing over the upper part towards the throat : the upper part of the brcafl: of a fine red j the lower yellow : belly blue : thighs yellow and blue : tail cuneated i yellow beneath. Inhibits the ifles of the Ec.J} Indies. La Perruci:e du Brefil, Bri/. orn, iv. p. 337. N" 61. La Perriche couronnee d'or, Buf, oif. vi. p. 271. Goiden-crowUi'^d Parrakeet, Ed'w, glean, t. 235. gIZE of the Ring-Parrak' jt. loured fkin furrounds the eves Bill black : a blueifli flefh-co- cere of the fame colour : irides bright orange : general colour of the plumage green ; palell beneath, and inclining to yellow : crown of the head orange: throat yellowifli green, with a mixture of dull red; fome of the quills l;ave blue edges; alfo there is a bar of blue on the wing coverts : tail cuneiform ; the middle f ithers pretty K k 2 long, 251 Place. 53- WHJ TK- COLLARED PARROT. Descriptiok. Place. 54- GOLDEN- CROWNED PARRAKEET. Description. v.- '. h I \1\ u w, I i pii i^it' IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I 11.25 l^|2£ |2^ ■10 "^~ MHI L£ 12.0 m u I IP 3>' ¥j^ ,v <^ ^ Sciences Corporation 33 WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTM.N.Y. MSN (716) •73-4503 i\ ^ '4^0 o^ ^ -iH Pit' I ii W M 252 Place. linIated PARROT. DSSCRIPTION. 56. 4- PACIFIC PARf.AKEET. DESCr.lPTION. Place. PARROT. long, and the outer ones very fliort : legs reiklifh : clawa blackifh. Inhabits Br ■ i m wii n i jj M': iiij 256 PARROT. when broken by their feeding on them, and being exceeding vifcous, catches them like birdlime. 60. PYGMY PARRAKEET. Lev. Muf. Description. T ENGTH fix inches : body fmall. Bill whitifh : cere duflcy : plumage wholly of a bright green : infide of the quills dufky : tail cuneated J the tips of all the feathers of a greenifh yellow: legs lead-colour. PtACE. Inhabits fome of the /^tf;///. ern. W. p, 313. B. A fli-coloured and red Parrot, EJw. iv. t. 163. Description. 'T^HIS too is a variety, having many red feathers mixed ■*■ throughout with the grey ones. 68. Var.C. Pfittacos ruber. Scop. Jnii. i. p. 32. N" 31. CCOPOLI alfo mentions a further variety. This had the head a(h-coloured : cheeks quite naked : on the bread two brown feathers : prime quills cinereous brown : colour of the reft of the body not mentioned *, only that the tail is red. A friend of mine has one of the firft defcribed, which has two feathers on the middle of the breaft: crimfon, which has not varied for many years. It is not unufual for female Parrot to lay eggs in this country, but as they are not impregnated, no heed is taken of them. A gentleman i* at Marmande in France had a male and female, which for five or fix years together produced young ones. They made 'it • Moll likely it was red, from his naming it the PJitiacus rttitr (red Parrot), f M. It Pigeenitre. Hiji, Jts eif. vi. p. 115. the ViS 1'^ PARROT. the ncfl in fpring, and the female laid four eggs, of which never more than three were good. The neft was made in a cafk, which had one end icnocked out, and filled with Taw duft : proper accommodations were made to get in and out, fo that the male might fit by his mate. If any one prefumcd to enter the cham- ber wherein they were, without his boots on, lie was fure to fuffcr, by having his legs bit 'erribly by the male, who was jealous to a degree, particularly if any one approaciied the female. This is not the firft account of a circumftance of the like kind, for Le P.. Lahat * tells us of a pair which hatched young ones at Paris. Le Perroquet ccndrc c!u Brefil, Bnf. em. iv. p. 313. N° 50. Maracana Braftl. prima Marcgr. Rail Sjn. p. 29, N° 4, Maracana, Will, cm, p. 112. N' 5. ^T^HIS bird is fald by Willuglhy to be bigger than the lad. The whole plumage of a blueiih iifli-colcur. Said to inhabit Braftl. This muft originally have come from Guinea f, as there are none of this colour in America j:, and, on ihc contrary, are very common in Africa^ and. tranfported to America along v.ith the negro Jlaves. -iCj 6j. CINEREOUS I'.ARUOr. Descrittion. rLAC?» ■■...! i w ■P: ■ M, 'mi • Nouv. Voy. aux IJIes Ji VAineriqut, ii. p. 166. t HiJ}. des aif. vi. p. 249. X Parrots, fo called, are very numerous, ami of different fpecies, in Guiana, but none of them deftitute of green feathers ; fuch as the ajh-colourtd Parrot of (Sui* Ma, the nvbite-crejQed Parrots, and fomc others. Bancroft's Hiji. of Guiana. .."•I/. ( ■ 1 1 ! i ir ii'. '^, 264 4- SOUTHERN BROWN PARROT. Dbscription. PARROT, FlacBi Lev. Mu/. CIZE not much lefs than a Crow : length fixteen inches. The bill is very large, hooked, and of a blue black : a round bare afh-coloured ikin furrounds the eyes: the whole top of the head pale afh-colour : round the lower mandible, throat, and fore part and fides of the neck, of a cheftnut red j the middle of the fea- thers paleft : over the ears rufly yellow : the hind head and back part of the neck deep afh-colour and pale mixed : back, wings, and tail, greenilh afh-colour, fomewhat glofTed with copper : the margins of the feathers darkefl : from the breaft to the vent cheft- nut red i the margins deepeft : the tail beneath is of the fame co- lour ; it is pretty even at the end j at the tip of each feather the fhaft ftanJs out in a point: the tips of all the feathers are brown : legs black. Inhabits New Zealand. :■, I 7>- BLACK PARROT. Pfittacus niger, Lin. Sjfi. i. p. 145. N" 29. Le Perruche noir de Madagafcar, Bri/. orn. iv. p. Le Vafa, ou Perroquet noir, Buf. oif. vi. p. 119. Le Perroquet noir de Madagafcar, PI. tul. 500. Black Parrot of Madagafcar, Ediu. i. t. 5. 3»7« t. 4. N° 53- DiscRirTroif. T ENGTH thirteen inches and a half. Bill and cere of a light flcfh-colour : eyes in a bare white fkin : irides dark brown : the whole head and body of a dufky blueifh black, except the upper part of the wings, which is dark afh : the tail is five inches and a half long : legs dull flefh-colour: claws black. The bill * In the Lcverian Mu/eum is one of thefe, with the maOc in front. The ground colour of the plumage the fame as in the above, but irregularly fprinkled with white feathers throughout i the tail, part white, part brown, but not regular ; Tome of the quills and tail feathers being wholly white, while the oppofites, which Ihould have anfwered them, were white and brown : it is a par- ticular and beautiful !u/u; natura, f '• Parce^u'il a au tour du Cec, une forte de mafquc nolr." PARROT. tS% bill is much fmaller, and the tail longer^ than is ufual in thit genus. Inhabits Madagafcar.-^Mem* That defcribcd by Edwardf had ptAca, three or four white feathers in each wing. 7*' MASCARINE PARROT. DiSCRiPTION, Pfittacus Mafcarlnus, Lia. Mant, 1771. p. 5x4. Lc Perroquet Mafcarin, Bri/. on, iv. p. 315. N** 5a. £.6 Mafcarin, Buf. ti/, vi. p. ia«. t. 5. Mafcarin, PL enh 35. Lev. Muf. a variety. 'X'HIS fpecies is bigger than the ajh-coloured Parrot : length thirteen inches and a half. The bill and cere are reddilh : the bafe of the bill is furrounded with black, for half an inch in breadth : orbits bare, and of a light red : irides red : top of the head, and hind part of the neck, pale alh : back, rump, fore part of the neck, bread, belly, fides, fcapulars, upper and under tail and wing coverts, deep a(h, as are the greater quills : tail the fame, but the fide feathers are whitilh at the bafe ; legs pale fleih- colour : claws grey *, Linn^us fays it inhabits Mafcarin \ but Buffon derives his name Piacx, from the bird having a fort of malk f round the bill. y^.i m ijii ,1 - M m U n I } * "iipf 266 73» BROWN PARROT. PtSCRIPTION. 74' HAWK- HEADED PARROT. IDesokiptiok. P A R R O T. Le Perroquet brun, Sri/, era. iv. p. 314. N" 51. npHE whole of this bird is of a plain brown afh-colour: it h a trifle lefs than the alh-coloured Parrot j and is thirteen inches and a half long. Buffon* mentions one, which is in the French king's cabinet, of the fame fize with the laft, but had nei- ther the black mafk, nor was white at the bafe of the tail j perhaps it might be this h\rd o{ Brijfon^s ; or, as it had the bill fmall in. proportion, may prove an intermediate Ipecies, between the two, laft, partaking much of both. P£ttacus accipitrlnus, lam. Syjl. \. p. 148. N° 38. Le Perruche varie des Indes, Brif. ern. iv. p. 300. N° 43.: Le Perroquet varic, Buf. oif. vi. p. 117. Pfittacus elegans Clufii, Rait Syn, p. 32. N° 11. Hawk-headed Parrot, Ediu. iv. t. 165. CIZE of a fmall Pigeon : length twelve inches and a half. Bill and cere blackilh : round the eyes the fame, and bare : irides deep yellow or hj^zel : head, cheeks, and throat, brown ; on each feather is a paler ftripe down the middle : neck, breaft, and belly, purple ; the feathers edged with blue : back, rump, fcapulars, upper wing and tail coverts, fine green : fides and under leflcr wing coverts yellow green i the greater ones blue black : prime quills black above, the outer edges and tips blue i the feconda- ries green: tail a little rounded, and fiv€ inches and a quarter long J above green; all the feathers except the two middle ones have blue tips ; beneath blue black : legs and claws dark lead- • mj. dti oif, vi. p. 121. colour. J| 3; #1 '■1 :'.tb\i PARROT. colour. When this bird is provoked, it fcts up the feathers round the neck like a ruff*. Inhabits the Ea^ Indies, KJy Place. Le Papegal maille, Buf. eif. vi. p. i^g. t. I's. Le Perroquet maille, PI. enl, 526. „ 74- Var. a. MAILED PARROT. 'T^HE top of the head, and round the face, covered with nar- Description, * row and long white feathers ftriped with blackifh: hind head and fides of the neck of a fine red brown edged with blue : brcaft and ftomach fliaded with the fame, with a glofs of green : the upper parts of the body and tail are of a glofly green : the quills, and under the tail, ar-e brown i and the edges of the tail feathers violet blue. When this bird is irritated, it fets up the feathers round the head like a ruff. This, fays Buffon, is only a variety of the lafl: bird, hav- ing been brought originally from the Eaji Indiesy and now natu- ralifed to Guiana, where it is now found. It is obferved to have a Iharp and flirill cry, different from all other Parrots of the yime' rican continent. I have fome notion that this is the bird mentioned by Fermin, by the name of Perroquet varief. He fays that the feathers of the neck are variegated, of a deep reddifli colour tipped with elegant blue ; belly the fame, but fprinkled with brown : back green : quills blueifh : tail all green. This defcription fomewhat differs j but what flrikes me, is the circumftance of the bird's fetting up the feathers round the head • See this remarked by Clujius, in his difcourfcon Parrots. Will, ern. p. 119. t De/cr. dt Surin, ii. p. 176. M m 2 fo Si Imi ft6B F A R R O 1*. 11 lb aa to appear as a very handfome creft, as Fermin fays It doct when angry ; and, as this is a circumftance recorded of no other Parrot, it may perhaps prove the fame bird. ♦ ■■ 4 I i II ! s ! RUFF-NECKED PARROT. Le Perroquet de la Giiadeloupet Sri/, orn, iv. p. 302. N° 44, Le Crik a tcte violette, £«/*. 0(/I vi. p. 233. Porroquet de la Guadeloope, Du Tarfre Hifi. dts Autill. ii. p. 250. f. In g* 246 bad. DiscRirrtoN. /TpHIS, fays Du I'ertre, is fo beautiful and (o Angular a bird, in •* refpefl: to its plumage, that it ought to be dcfc. ibed. It is near the fizc of a Fowl. The bill and the eyes bordered with flefh-colour : head, neck, and belly, violet, with a flight mixture of green and black, and changeable Kke the breaft of a Pigeon : the back brownifli green : the greater quills black ; the others yellow, green, and red : on the wing coverts there are two fpots in fliape and colour of rofes. When it erefts the neck feathers^ it makes the appearance of a r«jf round the head, in which it feems . to admire itfelf, as a Peacock does with its tail fpread. I do not find any one who has feen.it befides this author. It is not known now at GundeloupCy where Du Tertre affirms he met with it* ; but perhaps the race may be nearly extin6t. Parrots of all kinds being the food of the natives of many places j ant^ fuch * It mull once have been plenty, as this author mentions their being very &t at certain feafons, and much coveted for food. He alfo talks of their being very tame, infomuch that a pair having m they are fcarlet on the infide, and the tips are cinereous : the two middle tail feathers are firil. green, then dull red, and tipped with green ; the next on each fide red for two-thirds of its length, and afterwards green j and the four outer ones firft fcar- let, then violet, with deep green tips : the lower part of the thigh feathers, or garter, green : legs brown : claws black. , Inhabits the ifle of C^r 3i< N*-9* Variete du Noira, Buf. oi/, vi. p. 129. N" i. CIZE of a Blackbird. Bill yellow : irides the fame : body fear- Jet : ridge of the wing yellow : wing coverts green : quills black, with the outer webs green; beneath dufky : lower half of the tail yellow i the end half yellow green: round the knees a garter of green : legs very Ihort and black. Mr. Ray mentions to have feen this in London, which came from the Eaji Indies. -nf-rJ' 7«. Var. B. 4- SCARLET LORY. Descriptiok. Pfittacis garrulus y, Lin. Syjf. i. p. 145. N** 25. Le Lory des Moluques, Br//, em. iv. p. 219. N" 14. t. 23. f. u Lori noira, Bu/. oi/, vi. p. 127. Lori des Moluques, PL enl. 216. Scarlet Lory, Edw. iv. t. 172. Ltv» Muf. CIZE of the others. Bill orange : cere afli-coloured : round the eye the fame : body of a fine fcarlet, except a few fpots of yellow on the back, between the wings: the Ihoulders of the wings are yellow, then green, afterwards green with yellow tips : greater quills dark green, inclining to blue : the two middle tail feathers deep green, but near the (hafts have a tinge of dull red half way down j the fide feathers half red half green i and the two outfide ones have a violet tinge on the outer edge j beneath, all the li.N'-^* idy fcar- : quills half of knees a ch came d: round w fpots of ;rs of the low tips : kiddle tail f dull red d the two ineath; all the PARROT. tlie tail feathers are reddifh yellow : round the knees a blue gar- ter : legs brown : claws black. I perceived a further variety in the colledion of Dr. Hunter, which had many of the wing coverts tipped with blue, and no garter round the bottom of the knee : otherwife like the others. Inhabits the Molucca {fies. . .- , /• Pfittacus ddmicella, Lin. Sy/t, i. p. I4f. N" 26. ' Le Lory des Indes oricntales, Bri/. orn, iv. p. 222. N° 15. t. 24. f. I4 PI. enlmm. 84. la femelle. Le Lori a Collier, £k/. oif, vi. p. 130. fejtuilu Second black-cap Lory, Ed'w. iv. t. 1 7 1 . Lev, Muf. CIZE of the others: length near eleven inches. Bill red: cere Description. and round the eyes afh- colour : irides orange : top of the head purplifli black : neck, body, and tail fcarlet ; the lafl tipped with green: on the breaft is an obfcu re * yellow crefcent : the lower thigh feathers are blue : upper wing coverts green ; the under ones blue : edge of the wings blue and green mixed !; legs blackilh. Inhabits the Eaji-Indies, . Place. a7ii Plac*. 4- PURPLE- CAPPED LORY. Le Lory a Collier des Indes, Bri/. eru. iv. p. 230. N° 18. Le Lori a Collier, Buf. oif. vi. p. 131. Le Lori male des Indes orientales, PI. enl. 119. Laurey from the BraJiU, Mbitt. i. t. 13. 77- Var. a. BLUE-CAPPED LORY. P^ILL yellowilli: round the eyes black: irides yellow: upper DEscRitTicN. part of the head of a fliining blue : neck, throat, back, fca- • The yellow is confpicuous only when the feathers are blown back, not as ' ^ jlwy lay over one another, according to Brijftn. ' 6> ' pillars,. m lift 4i .{'■■■' ', .I'M a:' mi m lij'ji 1 'I aya PARROT. pillars, breaft, and upper part of the belly, fcarlct : the neck en- circled with a ring of yellow : lower part of the back, rump, and lower part of the belly, white and rofe-colour mixed ; as are the thighs: upper and under tail coverts red and white mixed: wing coverts green, mixed with yellow : quills fine blue : Icffer quills yellowifli green : tail purple, with a caft of red brown ; legs cinereous : claws black. Place. u^liin brings it from Brafil, but Brijfon from the Eaji-Itidies. Buffon is of opinion, that thefe two lad are only male and fe- male, and that the laft is the male. He obferves, that the female wants the ring on the neck ; and that the blue on the head takes up lefs fpace, and is lefs in fize; the chief difference being in the want or prelcnce of the ring on the neck : but in this cafe Mr* Albin's bird muft be a confiderable variety at leafl*, from the dif- ference of colour on the lower part of the back, &c. M. de Buffon too obferves, that all the Lories are brought from the Moluccas^ or Nevj Guinea; who is joined \n opinion by M, Sonnerai *. Thefe birds are remarkable for their fpeaking diftinftly, as well as their aptnefs to learn quickly any thing they are taught. They are in general very fcarce, and fell dear, from the difficulty of bringing them over, and keeping them afterwards. • " C'eft improprement que les ornithologiftes ont defignlles Loris par lea Noms de Lon's dtt Philippin$t, Jet Indet ortetttaltt, tie la Cbint, Wf. "Lts oifeaux de cette efpece ne fe trouvent qa'aux Molufutt & a la Nou-velh GHtnet, ceux qu'on volt ailleurs> en oat tous ete tranfportes." Senntrat Voy. a fa Neuv, Guinit, P- 173' Ffittacus ill ■' 'i-i PARROT. Pfittacus Lory, Lin. Syft. i. p. 145. N" 27. Le Lory des Philippines. Bri/. orn. iv. p. 225. N" 16. t. 23. f. 2. a? 5 Le Lori tricolor, Buf. oif. vi. Lory des Philippines, PI. ml. 168. p. 132. 78. BLACK- CAPPED LORy. Bill orange: cere IJescription. o Firll black-cap Lory, £:.i • 1 '^1 : '■ V ' 1 1 1 Place. 88. Var. a. <- WHITR- HEADED PARROi\ Description. P A R R O T. the head blue, with a few red fpots : cheeks, throat, and fore part of the neck, fine fcarlet: belly green, with a mixture of red, and in fome ferruginous: greater quills blue, benca h blackifh : the two middle tail feathers green ; the three next on each fide red for three parts of the way from the bife, the ends green; the outfide ones the fame, but blueifli on the outfidcs : legs and claws deep brown. Edwards fays, that in fome the ridge of the wing is red, and in others not. Inhabits Martinico, and other parts. Lc Pei roquet a Gorge rouge de la Martinique, Sri/, arn, iv. p. 244. N° 27* L'Amar.one a tete blanche, Buf oif. vi. p. 212. var. PeiToquet de la Martinique, PI. enl. 549. Pfittacus leucocephalus Aldrov. Rail Sjti. p. 31. N° 5. p. 181. N° 7. White-headed Parrot of Aldrovandus, Will. ortt. p. 113. N°5. Lev. Muf. T ENGTH twelve inches and a half. Bill and cere flefti- colour : the bare fpace round the eye white : irides hazel : forehead, to the middle of the crown, white : throat, and fore part of the neck, pale red j the feathers margined with white: liind h^ad and upper parts of the body, the bread:, and fides, are green ; each feather margined with black brown or black : belly dull purple : thighs on the infide the fame, but on the outfide green : greater wing coverts fartheft from the body blue, the inner webs black at the bafe : greater qulUs blue, the inner webs black , the leiTer green : the two middle tail feathers green j the Vi^yx on each fide gr?en on the outfide, and yellow within ; the four outer ones on the infide, halfway from the bafe, red, then yellow, with a greenifli yellow end ; the outfide green,with the' tips on both fides blue: legs flefh-coloured : claws grey. Inhabit! ■ !; 'I md fore ; of red, lackifti : ach fide s green; lejTS and e of the 4. N°27' ["7. PARROT. Inhabits Martinicoy Jantaicay Mexico. By mixing his references, Linnaus means to rank the two lafl: as one. They are certainly varieties of each other at leaft, and as fuch I have placed them. This laft wants the blue on the crown : the belly is darker : and the tail differs in colour. Lev. Mu/i T ENGTH ten inches and a half. Bill pale yellow : cere and orbits cinereous : forehead to the middle of the crown white j the reft of the head above pale blue j on each fide of the head, between the eye and bill, a fpot of red : the plumage in general a full green; the margins of the feathers brown black; but on the throat and belly not margined, and of a lighter green : the baftard wing, and the middle part of one or more of the fecond quills, are red ; greater quills blue ; fome of the outer ones green on the outer edges, the ends black : the tail is rounded ; the two middle feathers dark green ; bafe of the tail crimfon ; the refl: green ; darkeft on the edges j the (hafts chcftnut. 2Sl 'lace. 8S. Var.B. WHITE- CROWNED PARROT. Descriftiow. !::tii iV Ik v-i, It- ' Le Pcrroquet k tete bleue de la Martinique, Sri/, orn, iv. p. 25 1 . N° 29. Le Papegai k ventre pourpre, Bu/. c:/. vi. p. 242. de la Martinique, PI. tnl. 548. CIZEofa Pigeon: length eleven inches and a half. Bill and cere white : orbits the fame : general colour green ; moft of the feathers margined with black : forehead white : top of tlie head blue afli : belly red and green mixed : thighs blue green : bend of the wing white : baftard wing, and feathers adjacent, O o blue : 81 Var. C. ASH- CROWNED PARROT. DeSCRtPTION. '3: ,HI Plac<. blue : quills black, with the margins of fome of them blue and- others greert : the two middle tail feathers green j the next yel- low on the infide half way from the bafe, near the Ihafc reddifh, the end green ; the next three on each fide red like the lail, but on botli fides i and the outer one red, with the end yellowiHi green, and the outer margin blue : legs grey ; claws brown. Inliabits Marlinico. 89. YELLOW- HEADED AMAZONS PARROT. DiscRirxiOK. /^ 89. Var. a. YELLOW- CROWNED PARROT. DgSCRIFTlOK. Pfittacus nobilis •, Lin.Syft.\, p. 140. N°5. Le Perroquet Amazone du Brefil, Brif. orn.H, p. 272. N" 35. t. 26. f. i, L'Amazone a tete jaune, Buf. oi/i ri. p. 208. DUFFON places this bird at the head of his Amazonian Parrots, and defcribes it thus : The bill is red at the bafc, and afli-coloured the reft of its length : irides yellow : top of the head lively bright yellow : throat, neck, back, and upper wing coverts, green : breaft and belly yellowifh green : ridge of the wing bright red : quills varied with green, black, violet blue, and red : the two outer tail feathers have the inner webs red at the bafe, beyond that of a deep green to near the end, which is yellow green : legs grey : claws black. L'Amazone a tete jaune, var i. Buf. 0!/. vi. p. 209. Perroquet vert & rouge de Cayenne, PI. enl. 312. 'T^HIS bird differs from the former in having only a little yellow on the forehead inftead of the whole crown :. the green co- • This only regards the fynonyms placed under the nobilis ', for he certainly means a different bird, with, naked cheeks, fuch as is defcribed in the Mu/, Molphi Fteti. ii. p. 13.— noticed by us in p. 207. N" 8. 6 lour tie and' xt yel- •eddiHi, aU, but ;llowifli n. .26. f. I* nazonlan at the yellow : ack, and 1 green : n, black, ;he inner • the end. tie yellow yreen co- he certainly in the MuJ\ PARROT. lour is alfo lefs bright, or a kind of yellowifli green : on the wing a little red as in the laft : and a (hade of yellow under the tail : the bill is reddifh, and the legs grey : the fize is the fame, fo as to put it out of doubt the being a variety : the length about nine inches. This, fays Buffotiy has not been mentioned by any naturalift be- fore, although the bird is known at Guiana by the name of the hfljiard Amazoriy or half Amazon j and they fay that it fprings from a crofs breed with another Parrot. One in the Leverian Mufeum has the forehead and fides of the head,. as far as the ears, yellow; the reft of the head and body green : the ridge of the wing is red, and a fpot of the fame in the middle of the wing, &c. like the others. In the fame place is another, fuppofed to be younger, in which the yellow on the forehead is not diftindV, being mixed with green : the ridge 0/ the wing likewife is of a mixed red-colour, and the end of the bafe of the tail not fo dark: it has a line of black juft round the bill, and the fize not fo large. Le Perroquet Amazone a bee varie, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 270. L'Amazone a tete jaune, var. 2. Bnf, oif. vi. p. 210. Pfittacus Poikilorhynchos Aldrovandi, Rali Syn, p. 30. N° 3. Aldrovandus his Parrot, with a parti-coloured bill, Will, cm. p. 113. npHIS is as large as a Fowl : and is in length eighteen inches. 283 I th is varies manner chiefly in the bill j and is defcribed by JVillughby in : " The upper chap in the upper part was of a blueifh green i of a yellow oker on the fides •, the tip crofTed with a white fpot j the lower chap of the bill of a lead-colour round about, and yellow in the middle." () 2 te '^ I- if: fl' s\ % ^1 1 f Var. B. 4 PARTY-BILLED ^ PARROT. li Description. ' ;'). il 'v 1 It' 'mi liir ,11 "i 1 284 PARROT. I If f ■; y 1 1 -f ASH-FRONTRD PARROT. Descriftion. liTJi:^' i 1 1 ! ; ■ 1 1 : PbAGE. 91. COMMON AMAZONS PARROT. DiaCRIPTION.. he Perroquet des Barbades, Sri/, em. ir, p. 236. N^ 29, Green and yellow Paxrot ij;oin Barbadoes, JUin, iii. 1. 11* ' CIZE of a large Pigeon. Bill horn-colour : cere and orbits ci- nereous: forehead pale afli-colour: top of the head, cheeks> throat, and fore part of the neck, yellow : lefler wing caverts and thighs the fame : greater wing coverts, fartheft from the body,, of a fine blue: the outer edge of the firft prime quills violet;, and of fome of the others red from the bafe to the middle, the- reft of the length blue : fecondaries green : tail green ; the two. middle feathers a trifle the longeft : legs cinereous : cla.w& black. Inhabits Barbadoes, Pfittacus xftivus, Lin^ Syji. i. p. 146. N^jz. Le Perroquet Amazone, Brif, orti. iv. p. 2515. N° 31.. L'Aourou-couraou, £u/. oif. vi. p. 215. Le Perroquet Amazone, Fl. enL 547.. Ajuru-curau, Rmi Sjh. p. 32. N" it Marcgravius's middle.fized Parrot, ift fpecies. Will, em, p. 11^.. I - 'T^HE bill is blackifh : irides gold-colour :. the forehead, andi * between the eyes, blueifh j the rcfl- of the head yellow :: throat yellow : the feathers edged with blueifh green : the reft of the body light green, verging to yellow on the back and belly : ridge of the wing red : upper wing coverts green : quills, varied with green, black, yellow, violet blue, and red : tail green, but PARROT. but when extended the feathers appear fringed with black, red, and blue : legs a(h-colour. Inhabits Guiana and Bra/tl. Le Perroquet a teftc jaune de la Jamaique, Bri/. oru, iv, p. 233. N® 20. Aourou-couraouy ift var. Buf. oif. vi. p. 216. Pfittacus viridis melanorhynchos Aldrovandi, Rmi Syn, p. 50. N° 4. Black-billed green Parrot of Aldrovandus, Will. orn. p. 113. N* 4. Jamaica Parrot, Broion^s Jam. p. 473. ^%S Place. 9t. Var. a. JAMAICA PARROT. T ENGTH thirteen inches : fize of the afli-coloured Parrot. Descriptiok. Bill black: iris deep fafFron-colour : forehead and throat blue green : reft of the head and breaft yellow : body green above, yellow green beneath : edge of the wing and under tail coverts red : greater quills above green on the outer, and black on the inner fides •» beneath, red near the end : tail yellow green. Inhabits Jamaica^ Placf. 1 *■' 1- 11 1 '.': M , 9?. Var. B.^ MAIN PARROT. Le Perroquet Aoiazone de la Jamaique, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 276. N" 36. L'Aourou-couraou, var. 2d, Buf. oif. vi. p. 217. Pfitt. virid. alarum Cofta fuperne rubente Aldr. Raii Sjn. p. 30. N* 1^ p. 181. N°6. Common green Parrot with the ridge of the wing red, ffiil. orn. p. 1 1 j* NO 2. Main Parrot, jBrow«V7<»«. 472.. J^ENGTH twelve inches and a half. Upper mandible red ; at DBscaiPTioit. the bafe blueilh j in the middle and the tip black; the lower one white : cere alh-coloured : eyes in a bare white fkin r 3 irides- ) I Ir I 2SS PARROT. ^' \/ ' : i Place. 91. Var.C. BLUE- TOPPED PARROT. Description. Place. irides reddiih : the feathers on the upper parts of the body are green tipped with black ; beneath green, but inclining to yellow : forehead fl! . |. 3 4 M ■'J yv •»,(.'. i 1; ij ^k '!ti :, h':'' i -fcii. i ;j 1 ■' i 1 1 Ih ^ . , f iH 'fil ttl^H iiJa.i M J , ' ! ■< ■ 2

' has a fpot of yel** low on the lower part of the belly. M. Brijfon fays,, that the fpecies he defcribes was as big as a crow, and fifteen inches long, and "nhabits Mexico aiid Brafil i whereas Buffon'^ bird meafured only twelve inches. L& PARROT. ■^■9^ '''M Le Crik a tete bleue, Bu/. oif. vi. p. 2jO. Blue-faced green Parrot, Edw, glean, t. 230^ Blue-headed Creature, Bancroft Guiana, p. 158 ? glZE of a fmall Hen or Pullet. Bill horn-colour, with an orange fpot on each fide of the upper mandible : irides orange : fore part of the head, quite behind the eye, and the throat, blue : below the throat to the breafl: red : the reil of the body is green, except the quills, which are blue, and fome of them red with blue tips . fccondaries green : tail feathers green half way -, be- neath yellow green : fide feathers red on the outer webs : legs fiefh-colour: claws black: Buffon fays it is found at Guiana, with the others. BLUE-FACED PARROT. Description- Vt ACK. Le Crik a tete bleue, Buf. oif. vi. p. 231. var. i. Cocho, Fernand. Hiji. Nov. Hi/p. p. 38. 'X'HIS bird varies from the laft merely in having the head va- ried with red and whitifh. inftead of red and blue ; otherwife is abfolutely the fame, and of the fame fize. The Spaniards call it Caiherina, which name they likewife give the fecond fpecies of Aourou-couraouy before-mentiorved.. Pfittacus autumnalis, Lin. Syji. i. p. 147. N" 37. Le Perroquet d'Amerique, Brif. orn. iv. p. 293. N'' 40. Le Crik a tete bleue, Buf. oif. vi. p. 232. var. 2, Lefler green Parrot, Ediu. iv. t. 164. , Bancroft Guiana, f. i6o. CIZE of a middling Pigeon. The biil is whitifh, with dufky p^, edgpSi the bare part about the eyes white: irides gold-co- lour : 9^' Var. a. RED AND WHITE-FACED' PARROT. Description* 96. Var. B. AUTUMNAL PARxxOr. CRX»TIOK> I '\ 9 ■3,' 'T^ 'j:.»i*)w-^ ' Itll 254 Place. P A R R O T, lour : forehead fcarlet : top of the head blue : on each cheek, un- der the eye, an orange fpot : the reft of the plumage green, palefc beneath : upper ridge of the wing yellow, but in other particulars like the laft but one. Bancroft tells us it is in Guiana. 'I 96. Var.C. BRASILIAN GREEN PARROT. PfitUcus Brafilienfis, £,/». Sy/. i. p. 147. N" 36. Le Perroquet a front rouge du Brefil, Sri/. .■>rn. iv. t». 2J4. N° 30* Le Crik a tete bleue, Buf, oif. vi. 231. var- ^. Brafilian green Parrot, Ednu, iv. t. 161. ■ ■ , Bancroft Guiana, p. 160. Description. CIZE of a common tame Pigeon. Bill flefh-colour: forehead and throat red : unuer and behind each eye blue : top of the head yellow: ' \ green : moft of the body green : lower ridge of the wing red : part of the quili feathers blue : middle tail feathers green, outermoft but one red, the outer one blue j the whole tail tipped with fine yellow : legs brownilh afh. So far Edwardsy who was informed that it came from Lrajil j and, according to ^^, Bancroft J Guiana. Buffon fuppofes it a variety only of the otiiers *. * M. Scopoli mentions a Parrot, which he thinks to be a variety, and derciibes it thus :— Size ot a Miflel-'I'hrulh : forehead a"'^ -'own red: bill horn-colour, bafe of it brown : cheeks naked . general colour of the plumage green : quills and tail blue on the outer edges : rump yellow green.— See Ffitt. pileatus, .9fo/. <<««. i' P- 22. N" 32. Authors '"^^j^^iwsfnjtipw^mfjapspf^PSfSPBir^ PARROT. Authors talk of a Parrot, variegated with fever- 1 colour., made fo by art *. Mr. Pernetiy fays f, that fuch Parrots are frequently met with on the JJle of St. Catharine, and the Coafts of Braftl. The whole plumage, fays he, efpecially the head, neck, back, and belly, were thick fet with feathers, fome of the colour cf jonquil, others citron, carmine, crimfon, and all intermixed with green, more or lefs deep, and a lively blue, efpecially about t'ciQ ears. He was told that the natives plucked out the feathers while young, and putting in fomething of a poifonous nature in the ftead, caufed them to come of a different colour, and feldom by this means loft above five or fix in a hundred %. 295 Counterfeit Parrots. ^ i' 1 4 ^' n :^ Le Perroqurt a tefte rouge du Brefil, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 240. N° 24. Le Tarabe, ou Amazone a tete rouge, Buf. oif. vi. p. 211, Tarabe, Raii Syn. p. 33. N° s.^Will. orn. p. 114. N° 9. 97- RED-HEADEI> AMAZONS PARROT. gIGGER than the Ceram Lory, Bill cinereous: general colour DtscRirTioN. green : ?ad, throat, fore r "t of the neck, and breaft, red: lefler wing coverts the fame : legs cinereous : claws black. Inhabits Brafil: not at Guiana. Pi'aci. • See Fri/ch. pi. Jig.-~P/. enl, 120.— ////?. des oif. vi. pi. 11. f Foy. aux Malouines, i. p. 177. X Buptt fays, on the contrary, that it is a dangerous operation, that a great many die under it, and for this reafon they always fell dear. He likewife adds, that the natives ufe the blood of a beautiful blue and gold frog on this occafion! Hiji, dti ei/, vi. p. 235. See alfo Will, orn. p. 1 10. P/lttacu" fSl %^m 98. MANILLA GREEN PARROT. Description, Place. P A R R o r. Pfittacus Luclonenfis, Lin. Syji, i. p. 146. N" 31. Le Perroquct de L'Ifle de Lujon, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 295. t. 22. f. 2. CIZE of a common Pigeon : length twelve inches and a half. The bill is fcarlet, with a white tip : cere reddifli : general colour green, with a caft of yellow : hind head, lower part of 'le back, and rump, blue green: on the fcapulars is a little mix- are of blue and rufous: greater quills brown on the inner, and yellow on the outer edge j the third and fourth quills the longeft : tail four inches and three quarters in length ; above green, be- neath yellowifli ; the two middle feathers exceed the others in length by one inch : legs cinereous : claws blackilh. Inhabits the Ifland oi Luzonia, m 99. NEW-GUINEA GREEN PARROT. Description. Place. Grand Pcrroquet vcrd de laNouvellc Guinee, Son, Voy, p. 74. t. 108. CIZE of the common Amazons Parrot. The upper mandible of the bill the colour of orp' °nt; the under black : irides fire-colour : plumage in general of a light grafs green : great quills indigo blue; the leflcr beneath of a carmine red. Inhabits New Guinea, 100. ROBUST PARROr. Dt;>:C«.iprioN. 'nr^HIS bird is of a flout, robuft: make, being as big as ■*• a middle-fized Pigeon. The length is twelve inches. Bill large, Hour, and of a white colour \ round the upper man- dible the feathers are blackifh : whole head greenifh grey ; the crown lias dufl^y ilreaks down the middle of each fea- ther : .i' u PARROT. ther: neck and body green, paleft on the under parts: the rump and upper tail coverts are alfo of a very pale green : wing coverts dufky black, each feather fringed with green on the margin : the quills are brown : on the bend of the wing is a fpot of crimfon ; and on the outer edge, about the middle, it is crimfonalfo: the tail is even at the end, and, like the quills, brown : the legs dufky. In Sifjofeph Banks's colleftion : from whence unknown. 297 !'''-,iv Pfittacus agilis, £;■«. 5y/. i. p. 143. N" 20. Le Perroquet de Cayenne, Bri/, em, iv. p. 237, N" 23, '■ Le Criq, ^«/. 0//. vi. p. 228. Criq de Cayenne, P/. tf»/. 839. . Little green Parrot, f^/w. iv. t. 168. gIZE of a fmall Pigeon : length ten inches and a half. Bill alh- colour: irides dark hazel: round the eye bare, and afh-co- loured : the plumage in general of a dark green, lighteft beneath : quills blue, the inner webs and tips black : one of the feathers of the greater coverts is red, and falls over the quills : the two mid- dle tail feathers are green j the three next on each fide are red three parts of the way on the inner web, the reft green j the two middle feathers a trifle longer than the others: legs a(h- colour. Inhabits Cayenne j and other parts o^ America. 101. AGILE PARROT. Descriptiok. Pi i : AC£, :^l iJidf • t vu!. Pfitiacus t '''1 I (If t ,;,. !i1 29$ PA R R O T. i-.' A. \i»j If ■(%% i';' lOJ. FESTIVE PARROT. Description. Placi and Manners. ". '■ ^L ''«.•".! r,'" />:!. Piittacus feftivus, Liit. -%?. u p. 147. N" 55. . a-, Pcrroquet tahue de Cayenne, PL enl. 840. Le Tavoua> Buf. eif, vi. p. 240. : • • !-.i Itv. Muf, ■ , > h ».■ .). i..; I ..\ . t- ;S! CIZE of a Figeott : length ekven inches. The brl^l is of a lead- colour, with the tip black: cere greyifh black, from which part to the eye it is bare, and of the fame colour : irides of a faffron-colour : from eye to eye, juft over the forehead, the fea- thers are of a purplilh cheftnut: from the bafe of the upper man- dible fprings a ftripe of pale blue, which pafles through the eye on each fide, to the hind head, but vanifhcs before it meets be- hind : the top of the head is green, with a very little mixture of blue: on the throat is a fpot of blue: the reft of the body is plain green, but lighteft beneath j except from the middle of the back to the rump, which is of a very fi'ie bright, though deep crimfon : tail coverts and tail green ; the outer edge of the outer tail feathers blue : the baftard wing is deep blue : the greater quills almofl black, with the outer edges fringed with bluej the reft of the wing green : legs light afli-colour : claws black. ' The above is defcribed from the living bird, now in the pof- fcflion of a friend of mine. In the quiefcent ftate, the crimfon on the back is not vifible. It is very tame, but talks very little j for, notwithftanding it has been in England fome years, and in a large family, it articulates only a very few words. Buffon obferves that it inhabits Guiana^ where it is rare j but fometimes comes near the inhabited parts. The natives there call it Tavoua, and it is known by that name by the traders in JO birds. 1^ k f. P A R R O T, birds. It is in ^reat efteem from its talking even better than either tlie Guinea or ajh-coloured Parrot : and it is therefore fin- gular, fays Buffott that it has been only known within this little while *, This bird is particularly ungrateful and mifchievous ; for inftead of returning the notice any one takes of it, it bites, in carncfl, every one the moment it is attempted to be ftroaked. Its looks are lively, but fly j and it is more agile and playful than any other Parrot. The above feems different in manners from the one which I have defcribed ; but as Buffon fpeaks from the general manners of the whole fpecies, it is not to be contradidled by thofe of an individual. »99 i Lev. Muf. T ENGTH ten inches. Bill red; pale at the point: cere duflcy : round the eye blackilh': head, neck, breaft, and un- der parts of the body, green : rump the fame, but paler : middle of the back, between the wings, black j lower part of the back blue : all the wing coverts a full crimfon ; baftard wing and fc- cond quills dark green, as is the edge of the wing the whole way round to the firft joint, where it inclines to black : tail rather long, the feathers even at the ends, and of a dark green : legs duflcy. Native place unknown. • He furely has overlooked the fliort defcription which tinnaus has given of it ; it cannot be a different bird. Q-q2 Le 10?. . CRIMSON- WINGED PARROT. DESCRimON. i "■ ■'v'i .1 life!' am. ;i ml. i «l W ■ t •■ JJ^'-*,> 300 104. 4- RED- BANDED PARROT. Description. Placi. PARROT. Le Papegai a bandeau rouge, Buf. oif. vi. p. 241. Perroquet de St. Domingue, PI. enl. 792. ^T^HIS bird is nine inches and a half long. Bill pale flefli-co- ■*• lour : on the forehead, fronn one eye to the other, is a band of red : the plumage is in general green, pretty dark, marked as it were with fcales of black on the neck and back : the ftomach is reddifh : quills blue : legs a(h-colour. Inhabits St. Domingo. \m: 105. Plittacus Paradifii Lin, Syft. i. p. 147. N" 36. PARADISE Le Perroquet jaune de Cuba, Brif. cm. iv. p. 308. N° 48. PARROT. Le Papegai de Paradis, Buf. oif. vi. p. 237. Perroquet de Cuba, PI. enl. 336. Cuba Parrot, Bratun's Jam. p. 473. Parrot of Paradife of Cuba, Cattfi. Carol. \, t. 10. Descriftiok. "DATHERlefs than the common grey Parrot: length about twelve inches and a half. Bill white : irides red : round the eyes bare and white : general colour yellow, with the margins of the feathers orange red : throat, fore part of the neck, and belly, bright red : greater quills white : two middle tail feathers yel- low i the others are red for two-thirds of the length, and the other part yellow : legs white. Placb* Inhabits Cuba. ■I ' ■ :l . . •!, < - PHttacus PARROT. Pfittacus aurora, Lin.MantiJf. 1771, p<524« Le Perroquet jaune, Brif. iv. p. 306. N''47. ■ Qrn. de Salerne, p. 69. N' 9. t. 7. f. 2« L'Amazone jaune, Buf. oif. yu p. 214. tt io« Perroquet jaune, PLenl. 13. 301 106. AURORA PARROT. 1:-! CIZE of the Amazons Parrot : length twelve inches. Bill and cere white : eyelids and irides red : the whole plumage fine yellow, except the edge of the wing, which is of a fine red : be- neath the wings the yellow is very pale : all the prime quills, ex- cept two or three of the firft, are red on the outer edge, in the middle : tail rounded j the four outer feathers are red from the bafe to the middle, but ouly on the inner webs : legs and claws white. Inhabits Mexico or BraJIj but moft probably the laft, as M. Salerne mentions the one which he faw as fpeaking the Portngtiefe tongue very diftindlly, and was very tame. Description. Plage. 11 1- 4 ■•: t ^" pfittacus tnenftruus, Lin.Sjfi. 1. p. 148. N° 39. — Scop. Jm. i. p. 33. Le Perroquet k tefte bleue de la Guiane, Brif. orn. iv. p. 247. N" z8. Le Papegai a tete & gorge bleue, Buf. oif. vi. p. 243. Perroquet I tete bleue de Cayenne, PL enl. 384. Blue-headed Parrot, Edtu. glean, pi. 314. Lev. Muf. CIZE of the a(h-coloured Parrot. Bill dufky, with a red fpat on each fide of the upper mandible: eyes in a dark flefli-co- loured fkin : head, neck, and part of the breall, uirramarine blue, muted with a little purple on the breaft : on each fide of the head is 107. BLUE-HEADED PARROT. DascRiPTioJc. %\ ' if;-; I .'' 't Mm' W i^\ i'i 'mi ; ■.* i I f| 302 Place. 108. LITTLE DUSKY PARROT. Description, PARROT. Is a black or dufky fpot : back, belly, thighs, and wings, fine green : wing coverts yellow green, inclining to gold-colour : inner coverts green i fh : under tail coverts fine fcarlet : the two middle tail feathers green i thofe on the fides are the fame, but gradually become more and more blue a$ they advance outwards : legs grey. This is found at Guiana, where it is not plenty, or elfe little fought after, as it will not learn to talk. M. Brijfon confounds this with the blue-faced green Parrakeet in his fynonyms, though he defcribcs this bird. Le Papegai violet, Buf. oif. vi. p. 244. Perroquet varie de Cayenne, Fl. enl. 408. Perroquet violet, Barrer. Fr. equin. p. 144. Little duiky Parrot, Edtu. glean, pi. 315. Lev, Muf. TN fize it yields to the dove-houfe Pigeon. The bill is duflcy, with an orange-coloured fpot on the fides : top and fides of the head below the eyes black, glofled with blue on the crown : eyes dark, in a light blue fkin : below this, round the throat and hind part of the head, is a ring marked with duflcy fpots on a fillemot ground : hind part of the neck, back, rump, and wing^ coverts, dark brown black : quills fine blue : tail dark blue above when clofed, but the inner webs of the fide feathers are reddifh, except the tips, which are blue : the breaft, belly, and thighs, appear purple : the legs are dufky. In the mufeum at Leicejier-houfe is one of thefe birds, or at lead a fmall variety. The colour of the plumage is an irregular mixture of black, blue, and brown : about the head the violet tinge 4. 1 1 PARROT. tinge predominates, and on the bread and under parts the brown, or rather cheftnut. There is not the lead trace of any ring of duflcy and fillemot, as mentioned by Mr. Edwards * j but in other particulars anfwers to this defcription. It is not unlikely but it may be a bird not yet come to its fullnefs of plumage, or. Hill more likely, a female. It inhabits Surinam^ and is known in Americay as well as France, by the name of Perroquet violet. It is common at Guiana, but meets the fate of the former, from not having the faculty of fjf>eecb. ^^J Place, !. .it' PAttacas collarius, Lia. Syfl. i. p. 149. N° 42. 109. Lc Perroquet a gorge rouge de la Jamaiquc, Brif. orn. iv. p. 241 . N" 25. RED- ■» ««•!>• Ti /. ./• • THROATED Le Saflebe, Buf. nf. vi. p. 245. PARROT Xaxabes, Ovitdoy lib. iv. ch. 4. Pfittacus minor cello miniacco, RaiiSyn, p. 181. N" 8. Common Parrot of Jamaica, Sloan. Jam. p. 297. N° g» CIZE of a Pigeon. The head, hind part of the neck, back, Descripticu. rump, fcapulars, upper and under wing coverts, breaft, belly, fides, upper and under tail coverts, are green : throat and fore part of the neck fine red : quills black, with green edges : tail green. Inhabits Jamaica. • Nor any red on the forehead, as in the Planches tnlumintes, and Buffb?t'i de- fcription of the bird. Fiutacu3 Place. I ^ !ii i';f if 3-4 PARROT. M':i If no. DUSKY PARROT. Dbscription. Place. III. ORANGE- HEADED PARROT. Description. Pfittacus fordiduSj Li'm, Syjl. i. p. 148. N° 40. Le Perroquet dc la Nouvelle Efpagne, Bri/. orn. ir. p. 303. N" 45. Le Papegaibrun, Buf. oif. vi. p. 246. Dufky Parrot, Ed'w, iv. 1. 167. ?t CIZE of the laft. Bill at the bafe yellow ; black in the middle of the upper mandible, and the reft of it red : cere blackifli : orbits naked, pale cinereous : Irides dark hazel : top of the head dufky i fides and hind part greenifh : throat blue : back dufky : rump and tail above greenifh : the under tail coverts fine red : from the throat to the vent cinereous brown : wing coverts green, as are the lefTer quills, but Ibme of thefe ar bordered with yel- lowilh i greater quills green : tail a littl nded j the outer edge blue : legs lead-colour : claws black. Brought from iVl?w 5/>n's bird is wlioliy green, except the top of the head, which is blue, and the tail co- verts red : bill and lc*2rs whitifli. • In Edwards^s defcription, there is mentioned a yellow fpot in tlie middle of the back, under the green; which I do »ot find mentioned in any of th« others. This l( ■i-i : ^i P A IR R O T. This bird fleeps fufpendcd by one foot, like the laft fpecics ; and, like that, is very fond of the frcfh juice of the cocoa-trcc, called Callou *. In Sir A. Lever's coUe^ion there are two birds> which I take to be male and female of this ^ecies : the one anfwcrs to the de- fcription above, but the yellow on the back part of the neck is fcarce vifible : the tail itfelf is green, but the "upper tail coverts are crimfon, and as long as the tail itfelf, or very nearly j fo as, at a diftance, the whole tail appears of this colour i the colour be- tween tKe legs to the vent is of a very light green : qOills dXiHcy, the outer edge green. j The other bird is moftly green : on the throat is a yellow fpot : the tail and its coverts exadly the fame as in the laft : bill and legs pale. OJheckf met with this bird at Java^ where the ftatives call it Parkicki. ** If this is put in a cage, it whiftles very fel- dom, and commonly grows quite fallen : it hangs itfelf with its feet fo, that the back is turned towards the earth, and feldom changes this fituatioa : it is fed with boiled ricej in which man- ner, in the year 1752, one was brought to Gottenburgh»* Tureen obferves, that fame of them J have a blue (pot on the head ; but the general colour dark green on the back> and light green under the belly : the upper fide of the tail and tii? throat red : the bill black. " We obferved that their nefts were rc- * This rs a whitlOi Uqnor that'flows froin the ends of the brioches, when the fruit is frefh cut oflf. The Indians faften a hollow cane to that part of th« branch, that they may col)e6^ this liquof, which is very a,!greeable before it runs into fermentation, taftin^ not dnlike new cyder. Hifi^ du^if, p. 164. f Vvf, vol. i. p. 1^55. X At Slutdat in the Strait; ^Malacca. See OJbttVs Vcy, vqI. U. p. 219. S f markable 3>3 Man)} Els. m '■; i.r 'f^' "i 1' •.•' • I i I ^H i( 1 PARROT. markable for their exceeding fine texture ; but we did not fee the birds. If they had a difFercnt conftruAion, the monkies would be very mifchievous to them j but now, before they can get to the opening, the lowed party as the weakeft, breaks in pieces, and the vifitor falls tc the ground without any danger to the young birds." Without the leaft hefitatlon, I place the two laft as varieties, as they manifeftly run into one another, owing to age, fcx, of other reafon«. To be convinced of this, let the Planches enlw- miniesj 190. f. 2. and 52o» f. I^ 3. be confulted; alfo Edwi pi. 293. f, I. ISO. CHESTNUT- CROWNED PARRAKEET. Descriftion, Place. La petite Perruclie brune du Brefil, Bri/, cm, iv. p. 40 j. L'Anaca, Buf. eif. vi. p. 260. Anaca Brafilienfibus , T .,. 3yn» p. 3^. N" 8. - — t/iU, orn. p. 117. ch.4. N* 8. Br.Muf. CIZE of a Lark. Bill and orbits brown : crown of the head cheftnut : throat cinereous : hind part of the neck, back, rump, fides, thighs, fcapulars, upper wing and tail coverts, green : on the back is a pale brown fpot : fore part of the neck, breaft, belly, and under tail coverts, rufous brown : edge of the wing red : greater quills green, with fea-grcen ends : fecondaries green : tail light brown : legs and claws blackifli. Inhabits Braftl and Guianaj at which laft place it is called the common Parrot. In the Britijh Mufeum ther« is a. fpecimen which varies in having the fpot on the back, of a deep cheftnut : no red on the edge of the wing : tail itfelf green j being only the upj)er tail cbverts which are brown, and the under tail coverts of a pale brown. Br. U'Al PARROT. Br, Mtt/. Lev. Muj\ zn 121. 4- PURPLE- TAILED PARRAKEET. CIZE of the Guinea Parrakeet, or a trifle bigger ; length eight DescMrrioNi inches. Bill pale yellow : crown afh-colour : hind part of the neck the fame, but very pale : middle of the back and vings green : under parts of the body the fame, but paler : the lower part of the back and rump deep blue : edge of the wing, and tip -of the baftard wing, blue : fcapulars brown : fides over the thighs yellowifh : tail fcarcely rounded j the two middle fer%f:h£rs green 'tipped with black; all the others of a deep purplifh crimfon fringed with black ; the ends of all the tail feathers nearly fquare : the tail coverts are very lo , fo as to hide the purple outer fea- ' ' ' theri when much clofed : le^ afh-coloun claws yellowifli. A moft perfedt fpecimen is in the Leverian Mufeumj which came from Cayenne j and a fecond in the Britijh Mufaim. I am alio in poffeflion of a third, though not quite perfefl: in the tail. I have never fcen any others, and believe they are not commonly known. Place. ill tit m •5m« ^ * La petite Perruchc de Madagascar, Brif. ortt. iv. p. 354. N" 88. t. 50. f. 2. 122. LaPerruchcatetegrifc, 5«/.w/. vi. p. 171. , GREY-HEADED Petite Ferruche de Madagafcar, PL tnl, 791. f. 2. Br. Muf, Ltv. Muf. PARRAKEET. CIZE of a Houfe Sparrow : length five inches ar.c» three quarters^ Descrxftiok^ Bill grey : general colour above green j beneath yellow green : iiead, throat, and fore part of the neck, grey, inclining to green : Sf2 ' tail ill v : 3>« I2J. BLACK- WINGED ?ARRAKEET. PARROT. tail rounded j near the end a broad bar of black : legs and claws- hoary. The female has a plain grecij head, orhcrwife lik« the male. Inhabits Madagafcafy and perhaps the ifle of Mauritius, if I anr right in the bird mentioned by M. St. Pierre *,- La petite Perruche die I'ifle de Lu^n, Sen. Vey.. p. -j^, t. 41. La Perruche aux ailes varices, Bu/.tif. vi. p. t^z.- Petite Perrnche de Batavia« PA tnk 791. f. r. BlMkr-moged Parroquet, Brown's' lUuJf, t. 8> Br, M»f* Ltw. Muf. BtscasifTiov. ¥ ENGTH fix inches. Bill dufky brown ^ fronts aad hind part of the hea;^ yellowifli green : crown and cheeks pale blueifh gFttoj as are the breail, belly,, and thighs : the back, wing coferts, and prime quills, black : fecondaries pale yellow, tipped< with a beautifid blue : covects of the tail daijc green ; upper part of the tail fwe lilac ;> riie tw with a tinge of yellow: at the back part of the head is a broad band of light yellow, tranfverfely ftriped witli black: tail fliort, terminating in a point : that and the wings of equal length : legs dark grey. The female differs merely in having the hind head (ky-blue in- ftcad of yellow, but tranfverfely marked with black, as, in the osher fcx. Inhabits 12^. COLLARED PARRAKEET, Descrxftion, Femati. H :i-» t tl A 1 *- ■ '1 : ■ -f ;■, 1 ;■■ K||r jti ':.R j l!' i ■ ! 1 ^t„ I Mi •Mi fi 3«» Fl.ACI« . 1x6. LtrZONIAN PARRAKEET. Dejchiption. Female. Placi. PARROT. Inhabits the Philippine IJles, particularly Lufonia, M, Sett' nerat * obferves, that it is only kept for its plumage, as it never learns to talk. Fetites Perruches de I'ifle de Lu^on, Son. Voj, p. 77. La Perruche a ailes noires, Buf. ei/, vi. p. 174. t. 4. ^HIS fpecies is lefs than the lafl-. Bill and irides yellow : hind part of the neck, back, wing coverts, and tail, deep green : belly light green and yellowilh : the top of the head is of a bright red : the breaft blue : greater quills black : upper tail co- verts red : legs yellow. The female differs in having only the feathers which furround the upper part of the bill red ; and a fpot of yellow n the upper part of the neck : the breaft is red : otherwife like the ..Wtf. Inhabits the i^e of Luzonia: and M. Sonnerat fays he has every reafon to fuppofe them male and female, as their manners agree, and they frequent the fame places. They are particularly fond of the juice which oozes from the branches of tlie cocoa-trees, when frefh cut : and both of them likewife deep on the perch, I'ulpended by one foot, with the head downwards. ' it! 1 W'f Voj, a la N, Guinet, p. 77. .ffl ' ?1UUCU$ PARROT. 319 LITTLE BLUR AND GREEN PARRAKEET. PHttacas paiTerinus, Lin. Syjf. 1. p. 150. N''47. La petite Perruche I cul bleu da Brefil, Bri/. trn. iv. p. 384. N** Sj*- L'Ete, ou Toui-ete, Buf. oif, vi. p. 283. Tuiete, Rati Sjn. p. 34. H" (t.-~WiU. cm. p. ii(. ch. 14. N° 6. Leaft green and blue Parrakeet, Ednu. glean, t. 235. Short-tailed ycllowifli green Parroquet, Baiter. Guian. p. 162. CIZE of a Houfe Sparrow: length four inches. Ttre bill is Description^ orange, as are the cere and orbits : general colour green : rump and upper tail coverts blue : lefler wing coverts green, like the reft of the body j the greater ones blue : greater quills green ; beneath the wing the colour is chiefly greenifh afti-colour : legs and claws orange. Inhabits Braftl and Guiana. Placi Buffott's bird had the quills edged with blue inftead A green, the bill fleih-colour, and the legs cinereous, but moft likely is tirr fame bird, perhaps the other fex. Linnaus fays the quills are blue beneatli. '! ' '15 ft' 1 "1 coIoured fpot on the upper edge of the wing ; but in neither is there a broad chednut band on the wing, as men- tioneJ in the firi\. Mem. The ngure in r^o ha) the tail fieftthers even, and that in 837 feem pointed at the ends. 9 This I .: li PARROT. This IS common at Guianay efpecially towards Oyapoc and the Amazons river. It is eafily kept tame, and fpeaks pretty well. Its natural voice is like the fqueaking of Punch in a puppet-fhew j but when taught to articulate, is always chattering. The vernacular name is Sofove. jai P[.Ace, I , V: . u t 4 La petite Perruche a tefte jaune du Brefil, JBn/. orn. iv. p. 398. N" 90. Le Toai a tete d'or, Buf, oif, vi. p. 284. Petite Perruche de I'ifle de St, Thomas, PL enl. 436. i. Tui, fpec. 4. Rait Syn. p. 34. Tui of the Brafilians, 4th I'pecies, Will, orn, p. n6. fcdl. 4. CIZE 01 a Starling, Bill black : eyes large and blackifli : or- bits yellow : forehead orange : the reft of the bird green j palell beneath. Inhabits Brafil. The bird figured in PL enl. above quoted, came from the IJle of St. Thomas ; but Btiffon remarks, that the yellow on the head was paler, otherwife quite the fame. >3i- GOLD- HEADED PARRAKEET. Descriftion. Place. H w \ i This La petite Perruche hupee, Brif. em. iv. p. 404. N" 94. Pfittacus erythrochloros criftatus Aldrov. Rati Syn. p. 34. 4. Crciled red and green Parrot of Aldrovandus, Will, orn, p. 116. 3. CIZE of a Blackbird. Irides red : on the top of the head is a creft compofed of fix feathers j three great and three fmaller ones : the body is green : the wings and tail red ; the laft rather fliort. This has the faculty of raifing or deprefllng the creft at will. Country uncertain. T t La 132. CRESTED RED AND GREEN PARRAKEET. Description-. 'if" 1 ■ Vi If % '- ' "'■JIPPPIPP'''^-"- ''■' I HlP.!f^»"!M«" 322 PARROT. ftf ^33* CRESTED MEXICAN PARRAKEbT. Description. Place, La petite Perruche huppeedu Mexique, £ri/. iv. p. 405. N° 95. Avis de cocho, Pfittaci fpecies, Mexicana vario colore, Sela, i. p. t. 59, f. 2. a bad figure. 94. CIZE of the lad : length feven inches. Bill yellow : forehead purple and crefted : orbits blue : throat yellow : neck red ; hind part of the head, back, rump, fcapulars, breaft, belly, fides, and upper and under tail coverts, deep green : thighs light blue; wing coverts of an elegant light purple : quills green with white edges : tail of a fine deep red ; legs and claws grey alh. Inhabits Mexico, Genus "•^■'SIBS^^ >*^ - -'--?7^-^ r^a-ffvi^^^ -'w«'»f>'i.«»ij'i^w/.;5iip)])(iupj|jpi(™! ■"^ C 3^3 3 Genus VI. TOUCAN. ■ 'if rfji i|f' . • I- N" I. The Toco. a. Yellow-throated Tou- can. 3. -breaftedT. 4. Brafilian T. 5. Red-beaked T. 6. Preacher T. 7. Collared T. ^ N" 8. Pavonine T. 9. Green T. 10. Aracari T. 11. Piperine T. 12. Black-billed T. 13. Blue T. 14. Blue-throated T. 1 5. White T. THE bill in this genus is difproportionably large, convex, carinated on the top, and bending at the endj hollow, very light, and ferrated * at the edges : noftrils fmall and round, placed clofe to the head, and in many fpecics quite hid in the feathers. Tongue long and narrow, feathered on the edges. Toes placed two forwards, two backwards. None of this genus have been found, except in South Jmerica, and wiiiiin the tropics only, being very impatient of cold. Their food, in their natural ftate, confilts of fruits only, and efpecially • Thefe fcrraturcs do not correfpond In the two mandibles, nor are they fimi- lar on the oppofite fides of the fame mandible ; the whole is unequal and irregu- lar, contrary to the reft of the produdlions of nature in general ; nor is the ufe of thefe ferrated edges manifeft, being placed dircdtly oppofite to the intention of re- it ■ ■1: '::\i '%■ ■'1 'ii ! i '*i:,! ■. taining whatever is meant to be held in the bill. T t2 fond 1 ■; 1 'it 1 1 i |-t i^ ■ is*' i @K i 1 § i [i m 3H TOUCAN. fond of thofe of the palm-kind. They are generally met with in fmall flocks of eight or ten in number, and keep moving from place to place in queft of food, going northward or fouthward as the fruits ripen, but are not ftridlly migratory. They make their nefls in the hollows of trees, abandoned by the Woodpeckers, and not formed by themfelves, as fome think ; the ftrudure of the bill not allowing of the efforts neceflary to make, or even en- large, a hole in the tendered wood, as it yields to the leaft preffure of the finger*. They lay two eggs ; but whether they hatch oftener than once in a year not certain, though it is mofl likely they do, as they are pretty numerous. They are eafily tamed if brought up ycung, and are in thi& ftate very familiar. The third, fourth, and fixth fpecies, below mentioned, have been bi ought to England, ani feemcd to fuffer merely from the change from an hot to a cold climate, for nothing came amifs to them as food ; fruits of all kinds, and bread, and even flefli and fifb, with- out diftindtion j but it was obferved that whatever they took was fwallowed whole f, firft taking it in the bill, then giving it a tofs upward, and immediately catching it again, gulped it down, without even the flighteft comprefllon. I do not hear of any of the fpecies being ufed for food, as their flelh is faid to be ill-fla- voured. The word Toucan, fome think, takes its rife from the cir- cumftance of the tongue being feathered, Toucan, in the BrafiUan language, fignifying il feather \ j others, from the cry of this bird, which has been thought like the word Toucaraca ||. • I much doubt their -ibility of defending themfelves from the attacks of Men- kies, mentioned by Jlbin, viz. that they " fo fettle in the nert as to put the bill out at the hole, and give the Monkies fuch an unwelcome reception, that they prefently withdraw, and glad they efcape fo." Albin, vol. ii. p. 24. t HiJ},detoif* p. 111. X U. p. 110. II Pfnnttj Foy. p. 180. Le -If! •vfmmvmjjif^ii^f/f^f^jfnfiiKmfrm^W- I t' ** «,•«*», :* •.' !& -»:*;■ ■W ■'■>'* M^ 'h. ' > M \i Li! ;l IJin i^lkMIUW^il^^W IMIX 1;'. • ■■^r' n ■ A- p! y/^ f /r ■ff> ■f TOUCAN. 3-3 ..vMi LeToco, Su/. oi/. vVi. p 117. Toucan de Cayenne, apelle Toco, PJ. enl. 82, 'T^HE length of this bird is nine or ten inches from the head to the end of the tail. The bill is feven inches and a half long : the bafe of both mandibles black : the reft of the lower man- dible reddifli yellow quite to the end : the upper mandible is reddifli yellow for two-thirds of its length, and from this to the end black : the head, upper part of the neck, back, rump, wings, the whole of the tail, the breaft, and belly, are deep black : the upper tail coverts are white, the under of a fine red : the throat and fore part of the neck are white, with a little mixture of yel- low : between this and the black on the breaft is a fmall circle of red : the wings are fliort, not reaching, to one-third of the tail : the legs and claws are black. Inhabits Cayenne. . I. THE TOCO. Pl. ix. Description. t' ..:i Place. Ramphaftos dicolorus, Lin. Syjl. i. p. 152. p. 7. Le Toucan a gorge jaunede Cayenne, ^ri/. flr». iv. p. 41 1. N" 2. pl. 31. f. i. ■' — — Pl. enl. 269. Le Toucan a gorge jaune, Buf. oi/. vii. p. 118. Lev. Mttf, 2. YELLOW- THROA'l ED TOUCAN. ^HE length from the tip of the bill to the end of the tail is fe- Discription. venteen inches. The bill is near three inches and a quarter long, and an inch and a half thick at the bafe : both mandibles bend downwards, and are black at the bafe, but broadeft at the lov/cr mandible; the reft of the bill is olive-green, but near the black at the bafe inclines to yellow, as does the whole length in the. '■:V '■> '^^ ,.'»'' 3i<> TOUCAN. the middle and end of the upper: the edges of both mandibles are red, and I'crrated, but not deeply ; the noflrils are at the bafe of the bill, hid in the feathers : the upper part of the head and body are greenifli black : cheeks and throat brimflone : fore part of the neck orange, furrounded with brimftone ; breafl-, upper part of the belly, the upper and under tail coverts, fine red : thighs greenilh black : bottom of the belly and fides blackifh : quills and tail of a greenifli black » the lalt even at thy end : legs and claws black. 3' YELLOW- BREASTED T. J[!>£&CRirTION. Ramphaftos tucanus, Lin. Syfl. i. p. 151. N" 5. Le Toucan agorge jaune duBreiil, Brif. orn, iv. p. 419, N" 5. pi. 32. f. i, — — '■ PI. enl. 307. Ycllow-brcalled Toucan, Edifi. p. 329. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. 'T'HIS is two inches longer than the lad, and the bill an inch and a quarter longer. It differs in having the cheeks, throat, and fore part of the neck, of an orange-colour : on the breafl: is a crimfon band : the upper tail coverts brimftone, the under ones only being crimfon. It differs too in the colour of the bill, the bafe of which is grey, and from thence to the end black : legs and claws lead-colour. This defcribed from the life by Mr. Edwards *, from one at Lord Spencer's. • Ed'vuards fays, that the bill of this bird had the upper mandible green, with three long triangular fpots of orange on each fide, and the upper ridge yellow ; lower mandible blue, fhaded with green in the middle ; points of both red : the upper tail coverts white. Ramphallos :, mmmigfmammeivnw'^tmuMwiii ■*(■»» lUUi u 'm^mtmttfm^ ?!.^ 'i\hi TOUCAN. 3*7 I ' ! Rampliaftos pifcivorus *, Lin. Syji. i. p. 151. N" 4. Le Toucan a gorge blanche du Brefil, BriJ. iv. p. 413. N^3. ' de Cayenne, appellee Tocan, Pi, enl. 262, XochitenacatI tertia, Raii Syn. p. 178. N" 6, Toucan, or Brafilian Pie, Ed'w. pi. 64. ■ ' Bancroft Guiana, p. 163. ^TpHIS is twenty-one inches in length, of which the bill mea- fures fix inches, and is two inches thick at the bafe. The upper mandible is of a pale yellow green, with ferrated edges, along which it is orange j the under mandible fine blue ; the points of both fine fcarlet : the iridcs hazel, furrounded with a bare greenifh yellow fkin : the upper part of the head, neck, back, wings, and tail, are black, as is the belly : fides of the head, throat, and breaft, cream-colour j between this and the black of the belly is a crefcent of fine red : the upper tail coverts are white J the under pale red : the legs are light blue. This is Edwards^ defcription, who faw it alive at Air. Concanno/i'si and remarks, that after death the bill faded much, and the fpace round the eyes turned black. It was fuppofed to come from the Spanijh Maiu. Bancroft lays, that the bafe of the upper mandible is yellow. BRASILIAN T. Description. % ::i * Fijh-eating Toucan. Linnaus no doubt gave it this name from the autho- rity of old authors, and might have thought himfelf juftified fo to do, when he had feen one of the fpecies feed on fi(h in a cage. But the fw/allowing of fifli in a ftate of confinement, (hould be noproof of this bird's doing fo when at large, any more than in Parrots, who will eat both 7??/^ undfjb when kept tame. In- deed, there is one circumftance which may give rife to the conjefture, which is, that Toucans are frequently met with near water ; but it is thefruits growing in fuch places, and not ihefj?.>, which entice them. that Hh ill li 'wis f m I 328 TOUCAN. that of the under one purple, and the fides of both fcarlet : tlic head black, except two white fpots near the upper mandible j the whole plumage befides black, except the breaflr, which is white, and a crefcent of red on the breaft. I am inclined to think this delcription of the bill to be jult, as it is probable he may have feen it alive. 3' RED-BEAKED T. Lc Toucan ugorgc blanche de Cayenne, Bri/. ern, iv. p. 416. N' 4. pi. 31. f. 2. Red-beaked Toucan, Ediv, glean, pi. 238. Description. CIZE of the lalL the bill fomewhat fhorter: the bafe of both mandibles yellow ; the top of the upper one the fame ; the whole of the under, and the lower part of the upper one is red j at a little diftance from the bafe is atranfverfe mark of black, di- viding the red from the yellow on the bill ; and round the bill at the bafe is a black lift, in which the noftrils are placed : round the eyes is a blueilh fpace; and between the bill and eye is a white fpot : the cheeks, fore part of the neck, and throat, are white: on the bread is a crefcent of crimfon; the upper tail co- verts are brimftone, and the under, crimfon : legs lead-colour: claws black. Thefe four laft fpecies inhabit Cayenne^ Guiana, or Brflfil\ and whoever reads Buffon's opinion will join him in the great proba- bility of their being the fame fpecies j and moft likely that the two with the yellow breafts may prove to be males, and thofe with the white, females : the difference in fize, and trifling variety of colours, may moft likely have arifen from age, or other circum- ftanccs, which often proves the occafion not only of thefe, but many Place, and Obsbrvation. S TOUCAN. many other birds, varying confiderably ; and in mofl birds, in- deed, the colour of the male furpafles that of the female in brightnefs. 3^9 '•■,.1 >^' Ramphaftos plcatus, Lin. Sjfl, i. p. ijz. N^ 6. 6. Le Toucan, Brif. cm. iv. p. 408. N* i. PREACHER Le Toucan ^ ventre rouge, Buf. oif, vii. p. iza. , Pica Brafilica, Rait Sjn. p. 44. N° i. Brafilian Pye, or Toucan, Will, orn, 128. pi. 20. Brafilian Pye, jilbin ii. pi. 25 *. Lev, Muf. ^HIS is one foot eight inches and a half in length. The bill Description. is fix inches long, and near two inches thick at the bafe ; this is moftly of a vellowifli green, and reddilh at the tip : nof- trils at the bafe of the bill, but not covered with feathers : the head, throat, neck, upper part of the back, and fcapulars, are gloffy black, with a tinge of green : the lower part of the back, rump, upper tail and wing coverts, the fame, with a call of afli- colour : the breaft of a fine orange f : belly, fides, thighs, and lower tail coverts, bright red : under the wings black : quills the • The toes are placed three before and one behind in this plate, no doubt by millake. t The Ikins of thefe birds, viz. the yellow part, from the throat to the thighs, are taken oiF by the natives, and either fold by them, or made prefents of as ra- rities. Pernetty mentions fifty of thefe being made a prefent to a captain of a fliip. There are many forts at the IJle of St. Catherine, on the coaft of Brafil, fome of which have light blue irides furrounded with a white circle, and others black. The bill of fome is green, with a circle of black, and two white fpots at the root : that of others is black, but red within, with a yellow green circle near the head. The cry is Toticaraca, whence the name. Pernetty Voy. p. 1 80. U u fame 1 1 y-m I 330 Placc and MANNiiKS. TOUCAN. lame colour as the back, but more dull : tail even at the end, of a greenifh black colour, tipped with red ; beneath black : legs and claws black. Inhabits Guiana and Brafil. It is named the Preacher *, from the noife it makes with its tongue. It feeds generally on fruits i but it is eafily tamed, and in that flate it will eat almoft any thing that is offered it f . One which Albin obferved in England feemed more fond of grapes than any other fruit j for being plucked oft' from the ftalk one by one, and tofTed to it, it would moft dexteroufly catch them in the air, before they fell to the ground. This author likewifc obferves, that the flefti of the whole body was of a deep violet-colour if. 11 i COLLARED T. Le Toucan \ collier du Mexique, Brif, orn. iv. p. 421. N" 6. Le Cochical, Buf. eif, vii. p. 124. CochitenacatI, /"rr/r. Hiji. N.Hi/p, p. 46. ch. i. 60. Description. J ENGTH eighteen inches. The bill feven inches : upper mandible whitilh ; the lower black: i rides redd ilh yellow: • The. nameof Prr^jc-^frhas been given to this bird, from itscuftom of perch- ing at the top of a tree, above its companions, while they are afleep, and mak- ing a noife referobling ill-articulated founds; moving his head to the right and left, in order to keep off the birds of prey from feizing on the others. Vlloa's Vtty. F.tig. edit, 8vo. vol. i. p. 56. t Thcvet, who is the firft who has mentioned this bird, fays, that it feeds on pepper, of which it often fwallows fo much, that it is obliged to rejeft part of it again ; but, unluckily for this circumftance, it is well known that no pepper grows in South Jmericat therefore it muft be, if any kind of pepper, that fort known by the name of long-pepper. HiJl. des oif, — Mem. Capficums are called peppers in South America and the Weji Indies. May it not have been this kind of pepper ? X This has been obferved in moft of the fpecies. Hifl. des oif. the *#"' TOUCAN. the head, and the neck behind it, are black; at the back part of the neck is a collar of red j beyond this, the neck is alfo black j the fore part of it whitifh, with fome fpcts of red, and fome flender lines of black : the back, wings, and tail, are black : the belly green : lower part of the belly, and under tail coverts, red : thighs purple : legs greenifh afli : claws black. This inhabits Mexico, near the fea-fhore, where it is fuppofed to feed on fi(h. 33» Place. Le Toucan vcrd du Mexique, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 423. N' 7, Le Hochicat, Buf. oif. vii. p. 125. Xochitcnacatl, Ftrn. Hift. N. JHi/p. p. 51. ch. 187. 9. PAVONINE T. CIZE of the Brafilian Yellow- throated Toucan. Bill alnnoft Description. four inches longj the colour of it yellow and black mixed: the whole of the bird is green, mixed with fome feathers of a reddifh colour, and others of the colour of a peacock, here and there interfperfed among the reft : legs and claws black. Inhabits the hotter parts oi Mexico , near the fca, where it is faid to feed on fifli. PtACE. W Ramphaftos viridis, Lin. Syjl. i. p. 150. N° i. Le Toucan verd de Cayenne, Bri/. orit.jv. 423. N" 8. t. 33. f, z.—P/, eitl. 727, male—yz%, female. Br. Muf, Lev, Muf, 'T^HE fize of this bird is not much bigger than that of a Black- bird : length fourteen inches. General colour dull green above, brimftone-coloured beneath : the bill is an inch and a U u 2 quarter GREEN T. Description. l»:i '•m i< I- i-EMAtE. Place. JO. ARACARI T. Description, TOUCAN. quarter in thlcknefs at the Dafe, and three inches and a third in- length (that of the female only two inches and three quarters) : the edges of the mandibles are ferrated -, the ferrated parts white *, the upper mandible is yellow at top, and red at the fides ; between thefe two colours is a line of black : the lov/er mandible is black ; at the bafe redj "ith a tinge jf red about the noftrils i orbits naked, and yellow : irides yellow : the head, throat, and fore part of the neck, are of a fine black : hind pare of the neck, back, fcapulars, upper wing and tail coverts, and thighs, are dull green : rump bright red : the lower part of the neck before, and the reft of the under parts, pale yellow : quills blackilh, with the outer edges dull green : tail the fame above, green afh beneath, and cuneated j the two middle feathers longer than the outer ones by two inches and a quarter ; legs lead-co- lour : claw black. The female differs from the male, in having the head, throat, and fore part of the neck, fine cheftnutj which are, in the male, black : this colour is feparated from the fulphur-colour by a fmall tranfverfe black band : otherwife like th; male. Inhabits Cayenne* Ramp'iaftos aracari, Lin. Syft. i. p. 151. N" 3. Le Toucan verd du Brefil, Brif. orn. iv. p. 426. N°. 9. pi. 33. f. 2, PL tnl. 166. Le Grigri, Buf. oif. vii. p. 126. Aracari, Rait Syn. p. 44. N° 2. — Will, orn. p. 140. pi. 22i Lev. Mu/i " T^HE. length of this fpecies is fi^tteen inches eight lines. The "^ bill is near four inches and a quarter long, and fixteen lines thick at the bafe j hooked at the tipj the upper mandible white,, U^ marked MPV i,piiWiIWI9!q«PI^'lUJ-4.J -ViX JUHli TOUCAN. 333 marked on the upper part with a black ftripe, the whole length .. the lower mandible wholly black, the edges deeply ferrated : the irides yellow : the eye furrounded by a naked yellowifh fkin : the head, thrviat, and neck, are black : on each fide of the head is a fmall chefbnut fpot, jufl above the ears : the upper part of the back, fcapulars, and wing coverts, are dull green : lower pare of the back, iump, and upper tail coverts, bright red; bread, belly, and fides, brimftone, with a mixture of red on the upper part of the breaft : on the belly is a bright red band, eight lines in breadth : the thighs, and under tail coverts, are olive green, ir- regularly mixed witn red, and deep yellow : quills blackilli, with dull green edges : tail wedge-fhaped, the outer feathers being fliorter than the middle ones by above three inches and a half; the colour dull green above, and paler beneath : legs blackilh green : claws black. Inhabits Brafily Surinam^ and Cayenne. Linnaiis dcfcribes it as having the upper part and tip of the upper mandible black, whitifh on the fides, with a white arch ax. the root; the lower one black : head, wings, and tail, black : brcafl: and belly yellow and crimfon, with a black roundilh mark on the middle of the breaft, and another fuch like tranfverfe one on the beginning of the belly : the rump crimfon : thighs rufous. That thefe varieties do occur, I am certain, as I have feen fome birds without the red band on the breaft, and the bill of others of a plain duiky colour. In two of thefe birds, fent over as of different fexes, which came under my inf[)ca ii ' i 'M Ir: m n SH TOUCAN. edged with a reddifh colour. Which of the two was the male, was not noticed, therefore not to be determined. fJS II. PIPERINE T. Dkscription. Female. Ramphaftos piperivorus, Lin. Syji. i. p. 150. N" 2. Le Toucan a collier de Cayenne, Brif. orn. iv. p. 429. N** 10. t. 32. f. 2, Le Koulik, Buf. oif. vii. p. 128. Toucan a collier de Cayenne, PL enl. 577. the male. Toucan a ventre gris de Cayenne, PI. enl. 729. the female. Green Toucan, Ed'w. pi. 330. the male. Lev. Muf. 'T^HIS fpecies is a trifle bigger than the lad, and mcafures in ■*■ length thirteen inches. The bill is above two inches and three quarters in length, and near one inch thicic at the bafe j the edges much ferrated ; it is red at the bafe, and the reft black to the end •, the red on the under mandible reaching halfway : the orbits of the eyes are flefli-coloured, or blueifh : the head and neck, breaft, and middle of the belly, are black, with a fleely glofs : on each fide of the head, near the ear, is a fpot of golden yellow ; on the lower part of the neck, behind, an orange cref- cent : the back, rump, upper tail coverts, and lower part of the belly, olive green : thighs the fame, mixed with cheftnut : under tail coverts crimfon : quills brown, with greenifh edges : the tail cuneiform, green above, and brown beneath ; the tip of each feather cheftnut : legs lead-colour : claws black. The female differs from the male, in that the hind part of the neck is brown, which is black in the male : the whole of the un- der parts grey, from the chin to the vent : the collar at the back part of the neck is very pale ; but in other things it rcfcm- bles the male. 3 This i !■ TOUCAN. This inhabits Cayenne. It has the name Koulik from its cry, pronouncing this word quicic, and repeatedly. It may be fup- pofed that its food is pepper, as Linnaus has named it the Pepper- eater *. 335 Place. Le Toucan jaune, Bri/. orn. iv. p. 432. N^'ii. L'Aracari a bee noir, Buf. 0!/. vii. p. 130. Alia Xochitenacatl, Nieremberg, p. 207. — Johnjlon, p. 119. Another fort of Xochitenacatl, Toucan, orBrafilian Pie, Will. orn. p. 386. 'TpHIS fpecics is of the fize of a Pigeon. The bill is black, •^ thick, and bent : the irides yellow : rhe general colour of the body yellowifh white : on each fide of tlie neck, from the bill to the bread, is a longitudinal ftripe of black : the lefTer wing coverts are yellow : the middle and greater coverts, fcapulars, and quills, varied with white and black : the tail is of the fame co- lour: the legs are brown : and the claws yellowifh. This inhabits Mexica. 12. BLACK-BILLED T. Descriptiok* Placi If the un- the 1cm- 'his Le Toucan bleu, Brif. orn. w. p. 433. N** 12. L'Aracari bleu, Buf. oif. vii. p. 13U Xochitenacatl, Fern. Hlft. p. 47. ch. 146. — Johnjlon av. pp. 126. 157. t. 56. — Nieremb. p. 209. BLUE T. A LL we know of this bird is from FcrnandeZy who obferves, Dbschption. that it is about the fize of a Pigeon : the colour wholly blue,. • Biperiiorui, mixed fini'' •)L i 53^ Place. TOUCAN. mixed with afli-colour : the bill very large, and longer than the body itfelf*: the eyes black: irides reddifh yellow. Inhabits the fea-fhores of Mexico, and is faid to feed on fifli. BLUE- THROATED T. tN a lijl of birds in the mufeum of Baron de Faugeres, of Mont- pdlier, I find one by the name of Toucan a gorge I?Ieue, witli this addition : " Ce Toucan n'eji decrit par aucun auteur." I do not find a Toucan with a blue throat mentioned by any writer; and muft therefore, with him, conclude it to be a new fpecies. As it is but very lately that I have known this circumftance, it has not been in my power to fay further on this head, refting the whole, for the prefent, on his opinion. 15 WHITE T. A LL we know of this fpecies is, that the bird is wholly of a pure white f i and that it is now, or was very lately, alive, in the menagerie of the King of Naples. • Fernandez, obferves, that vaft flocks of birds, whofe bills are bigger than the whole body, and the plumage variegated with yellow, red, white, and blue, come at certain feafons into the province oi Honduras', whence it is likely, that fome of the fpecies, at leaft, are migratory; for he muft mean one or other of this genus. Fernand. Hijf. p. 17. ch. xv. f A //ff/'/ . \ f' ! <^ ^ ;piP ^.-^ I • i m 1 jpii 1 1 w 1 W' m m\ \i ^ ^1 iflnfl ■A* •H, ii i li 1 ' ^E js J... iitt it'' 1 1 «]«» R'' L 'HP ■i.'Bb ii 1 h 1 II^ ! M O T M O T. brown : the toes placed three before and one behind : the cluws hooked and black. This bird is found at Brafil, Cayenne, MesicOy and otiier parts of South America, where it is faid to live on infeds. It is a folitary bird, frequenting thick forcfts ; ktn for the moil part fingly, chiefly on the ground, or fome low branch of a tree, taking fliorc flights when difturbed, and pronouncing the word Hotitou. It makes the neft on the ground, frequently in fonne hole de- ferted by an Armadillo, or other quadruped : the nefl is com- pofcd of dry grafs and ftalksi laying therein for the moft pare two eggs. The flefh is not accounted good to eat. It may not be amifs here to take notice of the two middle tail feathers, which, in Edzvards's plate, and the defcription of au- thors, of the bird, are bare of webs for an inch and half, or more, near the ends. I have feen birds in this fituation, and believe it to be a frequent circumftance, but by no means general nor na- tural, Buffon and Brijfon neither defcribe nor figure theirs in this manner j and I can afTure the reader, that I have feen birds with the two middle feathers quite perfedb. In the Leverian Mufeum there are two, in both of which the webs on one fide only begin to be bared at the ufual part ; but what is remarkable, it is on the op- pofite fides on each of them : all thefe things confidered, I make no doubt of its being a mere accidental circumjlance, fuch an one as we have not hitherto come to the knowledge of, that occafions this appearance. 339 Place and Manner ;l6 ' is.' I: X X 2 Le ill *;.!?! .Jl. 340 M O T M O t. i t. Var. a. VARIEGATED MOTMOT. Le Momot varie, Brif. ern. W. p. 469. N° 2. Yayauhquitotl, Rait Sytt. p. 167. N° 19. ' or long-tailed bird, fFi/L orn, p. 386. Deschiption. 'T^HIS feems only a variety of the former, or a young bird. It is faid merely to be of a green, fulvous, blue, and a(h-co- lour throughout : the tail feathers the fame as in the other. PtACK. Found at Mexico. % f Genus « f % 111 1 , .!. [ 341 ] Genus VIII. H O R N B I L L. J f N" I. Rhinoceros H. 2. Helmet H. 3. Philippine H. A. H. 4. AbyflinianH. 5. African H. 6. Pied H. N'y. Indian H. 8. Panayan H. 9. Manilla H. 10. Black-billed H. A. Red- billed H. 11. White H. 12. Wreathed H. THIS genus has a great bending bill, with frequently a large protuberance, refembling another bill, on the upper man- dible : edges jagged. Noftrils Imall, round, placed behind the bafe of the bilL Tongue fmall, fhort *. - Legs fcaly : toes, three forward, one backward ; the middle one connefted to the outmoft as far as the third joint, and to the inner one as far as the firft. The birds of this genus feem to hold the fame place in the old continent as the Toucans do in the new, the laft-named birds be- ing found in America only. Perhaps the fame food may be ufual to both ; if fo, fruits fhculd be the greateft part of their diet. As to their eating fifli f, it leems not to be fully proved, though many authors aflert it: this muft be determined by future obfer- * Scarce an inch long in one fpecies. Phil.Tranf. vol. xxiii. p. 1394. t That they ^iX fiejh by choice feems jnanift. from feveral obfervations below, vation. I. ( .-If 1 . 1 •■ , ^ ^^^. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 Ui lU 122 1.1 ■ 2.0 Photograpliic Sciences Corporation 1 1.25 III , .4 1^ ^ 6" ► 23 WIST MAIN STRUT WnSTIR.N.V. 145M (71«) •73-4S03 n I ^ ^ c^ J42 H O R N B I L L. vation. We muft: not take in the depraved {late oC appetite often feen in birds when in confinement, perhaps confented to by them more from necejfuy than choice^ for want of having it in our power to give them what is better adapted to their palate. 1. -h-RIIINOCEROS Dkscription. Buccjos Rhinoceros, Lin. Syji. i. p. 153. N' 3. Le Calao des Indcs, Bri/. orn.'iw. p. 571. N" 4, ' Le CaJao Rhinoceros^ Buf. oif. vii. p. 161. Bee de Toifcau Rhinoceros, PI. ml. g^t^* Corvus indicus cornutus, feu Rhinoceros avis Bontii, &c. Rati Syn. p. 40. N°8. • Horned Indian Raven, or Rhinoceros- bird, Will. orn. p. 127. t. 17. tit head. ■ " ' " - • ■ ' ' ' ' EJiu. glean, pi. 2S1. fig. B. the htaJ. Le-v. Mu/l T DO not find any author who has defcribed this, except BriJ/bn* j who fays, that it is three feet in length, almoft two feet three quarters in breadth, and is nearly as big as a Turkey. The bill is ten inches long, and two inches and a half thick at the bafe ; the upper mandible is red at the bafe, and whitifh yellow towards the tip; the lower one wholly of a whitifh yellow, except at the bafe, where it is black : on the top of the upper mandible is an appendage, as large as the bill itfelf, and turning upwards, contrary to that of the bill, both of the mandibles of which bend downwards ; this curved horn meafures eight inches in length, is four inches broad, varied with white and black, and is, as it were, divided longitudinally by a line of black on each fide : the noftrils are pl.ced at the bafe of the bill : the " Orn, ti/it.iuSvo. Lug. Bat, 1763. vol. ii. p. 206. head. ^1 H O R N B I L L. head, neck, back, breaft, and upper part of the belly, are black : the lower belly and rump dirty white : the under tail coverts half black half white ; tail twelve inches in length : the feathers white at the bafe and ends, and black in the middle : the legs and claws dull grey. This varies in wanting the black line on each fide of the bill. The fpecimen in Sir A, Lever's Mufeum anfwers to this defcrip- cion of Briffonj and has not the black line on the bill. That bird is full four feet in length, and is as big as a middle-fized Tur- key : the vent feathers are whitifh : the tail white, except a bar of three inches in breadth, and about the fame diftance from the end : the reft as in Brifon, whofe bird was moft likely a young one. This ff>ecimen is faid to have come from Java-, it is alfo found in Sumatra, the Philippine IJlandsy and other parts of the Eaji Indies. Thcfe birds are faid to feed on flefh and carrion * j and that they follow the hunters for the purpofe of feeding on the entrails of the beafts which they kill ; that they chafe rats and mice, and, after preffing them flat with the bill in a peculiar manner, tolling them up into the air, fwallow them whole im- mediately on their defcent : and it may be remarked, that in this cafe the tongue is no hindrance, being not above an inch in length f. 343 Place an9 Mannlre. Le Calao i cafque rond, Buf. oif. vii. p. 159. • Tete de Calao a cafque rond, PI. tnl. 933. See a fig. of the fame in Ed^w. t. 281. f. C. Ltfv. Muf, T DO not find a defcription of the body of this bird in any au- thor, though the bill is pretty common in moft collections. • Btntiut Nat. Hift^ b. v. ch. 11. -f PhU, Tranf. N" 285. The •T- HKLMET II. DtSCRXTTlOW, ^il m i 344 H O R N B I L L, Tlie length of it, from the utmoft gibbofity behind to the tip, in a fj^ecimcn now by me, is eight inches. The bill is nearly ftrait, and, as far as the real mandibles reach, of a conical figure ; the top of the upper is continued upwards into a gibbofity, of a form al- moft fquare, making the bill at this part four inches and a half in depth ; this is rounded behind, and almofV flat in front ; the front is a true bone, of an inch in thicknefs, the fides of which may be readily fcen through, as they are very thin and tranfparent, and, with the half of the bill next the bafe, of a deep red; the bony front, and end half of the bill, yellowifh white : the noftrils, or at leaft what appear to me as fuch, are juft above the eyes, in the hollow; and from them begins a wrinkled ridge, which goes quite acrofs the gibbous part to the front : the general colour of this bird (hould feem to be black, as the few feathers which are attached to the back part of the head, both in my fpecimcn and that figured in the Planches enluminees, are of that colour. If I conjcdure right, this bird may have fome powerful enemy, to which it may at times oppofe this bony thick front, by way of defence, as it is certainly capable of great refiftance. I am led to think this, from the bill in my poflefllon, which appears to have fuffered bv this means; for the horny part is beaten off in fcveral places. I have feen the bony front of this bill made into a fnuff-hox, of which it formed the top. Buceros r . H O R N B I L L. J4; *i Bur-eros bicornii, Lin. Sjfl. i. p. 153. N" i. Le Calao des Philippines, Brif. em. iv p. 568. N° 2, . __ Buf.oiJ. vii p 157. Rhinoceros avis, ima varietas, Will.orn. t. 17. I. • Br.Muf. Lev. Mm/. The hill. 'T^HE body is the fize of a large Fowl : colour above black, '*' beneath white. The bill is very large, being two inches and three quarters thick at the bafc, and nine inches in length i the colour of it is redciifti, but the bafe of the lower mandible black: on the top of the 1 ill is an additional horny fubdance, fix inches in iength, and thrci- in breadth, reaching backwards further than the eyes, fomewhat concave on the top, and projeft- ing forwards as it were into two angles ; the hinder part is rounded, and reaches to the hind head i this is of the fame co- lour as the bill : the noftrils are placed at the bafe of the bill, beneath this laft horny fubftance: on the quills is a white fpot: the ten nniddle feathers of the tail are black; the outer ones white : the legs are greenifli. Inhabits the Philippine IJles. Linnaus fays, China, Stratfundi and like wife adds, that the tail is pretty long. .^-PHIUPPINIv H. Description. Placb* CalaOt vel Cayao, Phil. Tranf. vol. xxiii. p. I394-** 1* Var. a. ^T^HIS fpecies is about the fize of a Hen. The bill is '*imewhat Descriptioit* •* bent, ferrated, diaphanous, and of the colour of cinnabar, and near feven inches long ; the nnandibles are equal, an inch and half * There defcribed by tbe Rtv, J* G. Camtl, a refideat in th« Philippin* IJks» Y y broad ||ii < I 1:^ ,■ ^m ■^ iu '■'•P ^'^M Tr*-^ ti 1:1 It' 34^ Place and Manners. H O R N B I L T.. "broad at the middle ; the upper one is three inches deep, ind fur- niflied with an hehnet on the top, which is a fpan in length, dino.b three inches broad, and fiat on the top : the tongue iniall for fo large a bill, being fcarcely an inch lon;^ : the head itfclf is finall, and as far as the eyes black : the pupil blue j tlic iridcs white ; and each eye-lid befet with black brilHes, the leni^th of which is equal to the breadth of the little finger : the head and neck are rufous : the belly bLick ; back and rump brovvnilli afli : the thighs and legs togctlicr are nine inches long, and ycllowifli : the tail feathers are only tight* in number, a cubit in length, and white : the greater quilis are fifteen or fcventeen in number, almoll a foot and a half long, and of a fulvous colour : the toes are fquammofe, of a reddifli colour : the claws are black. This bird inhabits the Philippine IJlandsy and has a cry more like that of a hojr or a calf, than of a bird. The Gentoos rank it among their Gods, and pay worfhip to it. It lives altogether in woods, feeding on fruits, fuch as the Indian fig, alfo piftachios, &:c. which it fwailows whole ; and after the external parts have been digefced, it briiigb up the nuts again whole, without the ktrr.^ls bfiiig any wife damaged, or unfit for vegetation. Fcarfi:! of multiplying fpecies, I have ventured to place thefe two as Villi tics orilv, or at lead as fexual differences, till a better acquaintance witli them fiiall clear up the doubt. Buffon is of opinion that they are varieties only, which indeed is very probable, fince the fame fpot of the globe produces both of them. * No doubt it had loll two, ai no Hrd haslefs than ten In number. t« I.J H O R N B I L L. 34' ABYSSINIAN H. Le • I ii;ivo lume fufpicion, th;U the " certain i)l:ick binlj," mentioned by M, Mahjlii, may prove the above, .lie fi.ys, " ihey were fo like a I'lirlcey, Y V 2 bcnh Bill* Lc Calao d'Abyffinie, Buf. oif. vii. p. 155. Grand Calao d'Abyffinie, PI. enl. 779. ^HIS is among the largefl; of the genus : in fhape it moft re- Descriptio fcmblcs a Raven, but is larger and thicker : the length three {ttt two inches. The bill is nine inches in length, (lightly bent the whole length, and comprefled on the fides j both man- dibles arc channelled on the infidef;, and blunt at the tips j on the top of the upper, at the bafe, is a prominence of a femicir- cular Ihapc, two inches and a half in diameter, and fifteen lines broad at the bafe, which is over the eyes : tliis cxcrefcence is of the fame fubftance with the bill, but fo very thin, as to cafily j^ivc way to the prefllure of the fingers: the height of the bill, with the additional horn, meafures vertically almoft three inches and three quarters : on each fide of the upper mandible, near the bafe, is a reddifii fpace; and a naked violet brown lldn encircles the eyes, and covers the throat, and fome of ihc fore part of tiie neck. • The colour of the plumaf^e is wholly black, except the greater quills, which are white: the fecondarics x^'X part of the wir.g co- verts ./e of a deep tawny brown. : tjc legs iU'c five inches and a half long : t!ie middle toe, with the claws, is twenty-eight lines long J tiic three forward ones ;v.iirly equal in icngdi ; the liintl one alH:) pretty long, being two inches ; all of them are thick and fi.out, and covered, as v-ell as i\vz legs, with blackiih fcalcs : the claws arc Rrong, but not binr, nor Iharp. This inhabits jilyjjinia *. N. 'lumace. Place. " il 1 ^i-"l I ■' I'i ,*il.l Mil iili J4t H O R N B I L L, AFRICAN H. 9BSCKIPTI0N. Lt Calao d'Afrique, Bri/. cm. iv. p. 570. N* 3. Le BraCf ou Calao d'Afrique, Bu/. eif. vii. p. 154. Tronpette de Brae, ou TOifeau trompette, Labat. Afr, tec. iv. p. 160. i6l« figure imptrfeSi. Rhinoceros avis fecunda varietas. Will, orn. pi. 17.-^1/^' Btjl. t. 9. N'^7. nPHIS bird is faid by Lahat to be of the fize of a Turkey : the colour of the plumage wholly black. The bill and head, meafured together, were equal to eighteen inches : the figure of the bill not unlike our third fpecies ; but the horny appendage on the top of the upper mandible is almoft ftrait at the end, or at leaft turns up but very little, and ends almoft in a point; the co- lour is partly red, partly yellow ; the edges oi both mandibles black, and the bafe of both of the fame colour. Neither Brijfon nor Buffon add any thing to this account of Labatj neither of them having, I fuppofe, met with the bird. A fpecimen of this bird is in the Ley den Mufeum, of which there is a coloured print * in pofleflion of Sir A. Levery which informs lis, that the general colour is black: the hind head fomewhat crefted: the belly and vent white: the tail near one foot in length, the feathers of which are black, with white tips. both as to fize and feathers, that one might very eafily miftake them. I killed two with the fame ihot, one male, the other female. They had both a kind of black hollow helmet on the head, of the fame bulk and figure as that of the Cafaar : upon their neck they had a long plate, like a very bright vellum , which was red in the male, and blue in the female." He fays, that the Negroes give it the name of Guinar, and eileem it as a Marabou, or facred animal, and liken it to the Gallinazo j but that is the Carrion Vulture, See Adanf, Voy. to Sentgalt p. 309. Eng. Edit. * It is called in the print Calao des Indts. U nm^ jy i'> J m ~'it:.i;i; ■ ),; i !■ 1 1 1\ m. ri.xi. ■-^.- ^11 H O R M B I L L. Le Calto de Malabar, Muf. oif. vii. p. 149. pi. 8. PI. tnl. 873 } Bealu of curious Birds, Edw. pi. 281. f. D. 'HE length of this fpecies is two feet fix inches : in fize a trifle bigger than a Crow. From the angles of the mouth to the point of the bill five inches : both mandibles curve down- wards the whole length, and are pointed at the ends ; on the upper is placed a gibbofity four inches and a half in length, rounded on the top, and, reaching two thirds of the lengtli of the bill, tends to a fiiarp edge in front ; this appendage pafics back- wards beyond the eyes, at which part it is blunt, and fomewhat projeding ; the fore part of it is black, which colour pafles ob- liquely downwards, and backwards quite to the part where it joins the true bill, a little part of which is black alio ; the bafc and edges of both mandibles likewife are black ; and near the bale, between the appendage and bill, are placed the nodrils ; the colour of the middle part, as well as the bill, is of a dirty yellow- ifli white : the eyes furrounded with a bare (kin, of a faded dirty yellow: on the upper eye-lid arc ten or more ftifF black briftles, full half an inch in length : the general colour of the plumage is black, but in fome parts the feathers incline to green on the mar- gins : the lower part of the breaft, belly, vent, and thighs, arc white: the firft quill is black, pointed, and Ihorter than the others; the refi: are black alfo, but the ends for an inch and a half are white, except three or four next the body, which are wholly black : the tail confifts of ten feathers j the t>\o middle ones are black ; the others are the fame, with the ends for an inch and a half white : the legs are very (hort, being, from the knee to the end ^f the middle claw, little more than four inches: the 2 inner 349 PIED H. Pt. xr. Description. ♦ ,'i M V J50 H O R N B I L l; inner toe fliortefti the two outmofl toes connefted to the middle one as far as the firft joint : the wings reach beyond the bafe of the tail. Placi, Ufc. This defcription is taken from a perfedl fpecimen now laying before me, which came from the EaJl-IndieSi and is in the col- le<5tion of Captain Davies. Buffon defcribes one, which was alive in Paris during the fummcr of 1777, and came from Pondicherry^ This was of the fame fize with our fpecimen, and fuppofed to be near three feet in length ; but the gibbofity of the bill an inch and an half longer, and was fuppofed to have had ftill half an inch more in length, as it had received an inji y : the bill itfelf blunt at the end, and eight inches long : the eye was of a red brown, and the bare fkin round it black : the bird could ereft or deprefs the creft at will : the tail differed much, for it had four of the middle feathers black the whole length, and the refl of the feathers white, except at the bafe,, Avhcre they were black : the legs black, fcaly : the claws long and. blunt. . Manvers. The manners of this bird were peculiar: it would leap for- wards, or fideways, with both legs at once, like a Magpie, or Jay, never walking: when at reft, it folded its head back between the wings : the general air and appearance was rather (tupid and dull, though it would Ibmetimes put on a fierce look, if at any time it was furprized, or the like; it would eat leitucey after bruifing them with its bill, and fwallow raiu flejh j as well as de- vour ratSy mice, and fmali birds, if given to him : it had different tones of voice on different occafions; fometimes a hoarfe found in the throat, mod like oiick, oiick ; at other times very hoarfe and weak, not unlike the clucking of a Turkey Hen. This bird ufed to difplay the wings, and enjoy itlelf in a warm fun, but fliivcred in H O R N B I I. L, in the cold ; and, as the winter approaclicd, dicJ, unable to bear the fcverity of the climate, lb cliflcrcnt to its nature". 35 Buccros hydrocorax, Lin. Sjft. i. p. 153. N" 2. Le Calao, Brif, em. iv. p. 556. N" 1. t. 45. Lc Calao dcsMoIuques, Buf. oif. vii. p. 147.— Tol. iii. p. 4? Pl.tnl. 283. Lc Corbeau Indien, Onu de Sahrn. p. 91. N" 8. pi. 9. f. 3. Corvus Indicus, Rati Syn. p. 40. N" 7. — fVill. em. t. 17. Sontius's Indian Raven, Will. orn. p. 126. N° 7. INDIAN H. itj ^T^HIS bird is rather bigger than a Cock : length two feet four inches. The bill is two inches and a half thick at the bafe, five inches in length, and bends a little downwards ; both mandibles are dentated on the edges, but the under one is mofl: fo i on the top is an additional excrefcence, of the fame texture Description. U * In the Flanchtes enlumtnia, N" 873, Is a bird not far difFerlng from this laft, if not mean; for the fame. The dillribution of colours on the bill is the fame, but on this are exprefled inree double longitudinal furrows, placed at nearly equal dillances, not mentioned in Buffou's defcription of that bird : a lit- tle way from the bafe of the under mandible is a white fpot : the belly, vent, and thighs, white : the rell of the body black : the two middle tail feathers black ; the others wholly white. I make no doubt but all the above are tlie fame fpecies, difFerlng merely in fex or age ; and it is very probable, that the one defcribed from my fpecimen, having the bill very fmooth, as well as its being lefs, may be a young bird ; as, perhaps, the wrinkles feen in the Planchees enluminies, as well as in a bill now in the Levtrian Mu/eum, may be the effeft of mature age : witnefs the horns of cows, and other animals. — Mem. BuffoH refers to pi. 873, in his lijl, voU vii. p. 140, though he does not in his defcription of the bird. 9 as 11: 35« Place and Manners. H O R N B I L L. as the bill ; this is flat at topj and rounded behind, and proje£l& over the back part of the head ; this laft part is whitilh, but the reft of it, as well as the bill, is afli-colour : the upper part of the head is blackifli : the cheeks and throat quite black j the laft is furrounded by a dirty grey band, about three quarters of an inch in breadth, forming an arch, with the concave part uppermoft : the hind head and neck are of a pale cheftnut : the back, fcapu- lars, wing coverts, and rump, brown : upper and under tail co- yerts the fame, with a mixture of fulvous : breaft, upper part of the belly, and fides, are blackifli, with a mixture of grey : thighs yellow brown v bottom of the belly, and under tail coverts, pale yellow : quills black j the outer edges of the fecondaries grey : the tail is even at the end> in length eight inches, and of a dirty cinereous white : the legs are grey brown : claws black. Inhabits the Molucca IJles, Willugbby obferves, that it refem- bles our Raven in the bill, but is red on the temples, like fome kinds of Turkies; has wide noftrib, and ill-favoured eyes;^ and that it feeds chiefly on nutmegs, whence its flefh is very delicate> and has a fine aromatic relifli. This> in its native places, is frequently tamed> and is ufeful in deftroying rafs and mice in houfes *• SaltriHi, If H O R N B I L L. 3SS Le Calao a bee cizele de I'IIIq de Panay, Sen, Voj, p. 122. t. 82> the male, g. t. 83. the female. PANaVaN Le Calao de I'ifle de Panayj Buf. oif, vii. p. 141;.—-?/. tnU 780. lemaht 781. la/emelU, H. \vm "IN fize, fays Sonneratt it equals our Raven. The bill is very long, arched, toothed at the edges, pointed at the end, and comprefled on the fides, which are ridged tranfverfely from the bafe to two-thirds of its length j the ridges are brown, and the fur- rowed parts between the colour of orpiment j the reft of the bill to the end is fmooth and brown : on the top of the upper man- dible, from the bafe to the middle, is an appendage like the bill, which is flatted at the fides, fliarp at the top, and cut to a fharp angle before ; and, as far as it extends, is as broad as that part of the bill which it covers, and is as deep as broad : the eye is fur- rounded by a naked brown fkin : the eye-lids furnifhed with a circle of (hort ftifF hairs or bridles, forming true eye-laflies : the iris is whitifli : the head, neck, wings, and back, are of a greenifli black, changing into blue in different lights: the upper part of the breaft light red brown : belly, thighs, and rump, deep red brown : the tail confifts of ten feathers, two-thirds of which from the bafe are rufous yellow, and one-third to the end black : the legs are of a lead-colour : toes placed three before and one be- hind } the middle toe united to the outer one to the third articu- lation, but to the inner toe only as far as the firft. The /(fw^/^ is of the fame fize as the male, but differs in the head and neck being wholly white, except a triungular large green-black fpot, which arifes beneath the bafe of the bill, pafllng Z z under Description. FlMAi.E. \M\ i \ m 254 H O R N B I L L. Pi.Ac;:. under the eye, and a little way behind, where it ends in a point in other things it is like the male. Inhabits the ifle of Pamy. MANILLA H. Descr.ptiox. pLACBt Le Calaodc Manille, Buf. o'tf. vil. p. i^,—'PI.etil. 891* 'T^HIS fpecies is but very little known. It is a very little "^ bigger than the following fpecies : in length twenty inches- The bill is two inches and a half long, lefs curved than in that fpecies, and not toothed at the edges, but fharp-edged, and more pointed at the tip i the upper mandible is furnilhed with a flight prominence, which fwells out but very little : the head and neck are white, with a cafl: of yellow, and waved with brown : on each fide of the head, at the ears, is a black mark : the upper part of the body is of a blackifh brown ; fome of the quill feathers have whitifli edges : the under parts of the body dirty white : the tail is of the fame colour as the wings, with this difference, that it is croflcd about the middle by a rufous band of two inches breadth. This bird inhabits Manilla j but the manners of it arc not known. 10. Buceros nafutus, £/«. Syjf. i. p. 154. N" 4. BLACK-BILLED Le Calao a bee noir du Senegal, Bri/.ern.'vf. p- S73' N°5. t. 46. £ 1.— ^* PL ettl. 890. Le Tock, Buf. eif. vii. p. 141. Crotophaga Forfchal, Faun. Arab. p. 2. N". 4. DiscRirTioK. ^npHIS bird is not much bigger than a Magpie, and is in length twenty inches and a half. The bill is one inch thick at the bafe, and three inches and a half in length, and bent downwards : X the H O R N B I L L. the colour of it is black, except a longitudinal fpot of yellow on each fide of the upper mandible, juft under the noftrils i the edges of both are dentated : the plumage on the upper part of the body- is dirty grey, the edges of the feathers whitifli : on each fide of the head is a dirty white ftripe, beginning at the noftrils, and pafllng over the eyes to the hind head : the under parts of the body are dirty white: the upper wing coverts are of the fame colour, fpotted with black, the middle of each feather being of that co- lour : the quills are blackifli, with dirty grey edgco : the tail is feven inches and a quarter long, and confifts of twelve feathers ; the two middle ones are dirty grey; thofe on the fides are white half way from the bafe ; the end half blackifli, with the tips white : legs and claws black. 3SS m ij! I • 11 Le Calao I bee rouge du Senegal, Sri/, ortt. Iv. p. 575. N° 6. t. 46. f. 2. -—PLenl. 260. Le Tock, Buf, oif, vu. p. 141. 'T'HIS is the fizc of the laft, but is half an inch fliorter. The bill is partly the fame, but of a red colour : the head and throat dirty white, with the fliafts of the feathers black: on the crown is a longitudinal blackifh ftripe, reaching to the hind head : the neck, breaft, belly, fides, thighs, under wing and tail coverts, dirty white : the hind part of the neck, next the back, ftriped longitudinally with blackifh down the middle of each feather : the back, rump, Icapulars, and upper tail coverts, dirty grey : upper wing coverts blackifli, the middle of each feather dirty white : the prime quills are blackifli ; the feconda- ries grey : the tail is near feven inches long j the two middle fea- Z z 2 thers 10. Var. a. RED-BILLED H. Descriftiok. ■1, . \ \ n i. y. 'Ml 35'^ H O R N B I L L. Place and Ma.nn»rs. thers dirty grey, the reft blackifh, with white ends : the legs are red, and the claws black. Linnaus thought thefe two to be male and female j but Buffon confirms them to differ only from age, that with the red bill and legs, laft defcribed, being the adult bird. Thefe are very common at Senegal^ and other warm parts of the old continent t where they are called 1'ock, They are very tame and foolilh birds while young, infomuch as to fuffer themfelves to be taken by the handi but having learned experience with mature age, they then become rather fhy. When taken young, they immediately become familiar ; but are fo ftupid as not to feed of themfelves, though food be offered to them, requii ing it to be put into their mouths. In their wild ftate they feed on fruits, but when domefticated eat bread, and will fwallow almoft any thing that is offered to them. This, I make no doubt, is the bird defcribed as an Ani by M. Forfchal*. He fays that the bill is twice as long as the head, and bends downwards, with a fpot of white at the bafe of the upper rhandible j on the lower, three or four whitifh ob- lique curved ridges of white : tongue very fhort, haftato-fubu- lated and plain; head and neck grey brown: belly white: the reft of the bird grey fpotted with white, and a band of the fame over the eyes: quills tipped white; the prime ones cinereous^ fecondaries black: tail feathers ten in number, as long as the whole body, even at the end, and black tipped with white, all but the two middle, which are wholly brown : legs black brown, * The name he gives it is Kakab \ and fays that it feeds on fnakes and cha< meleons. Faun. Arab. p. y\,—Adanfou mentions his garnifhing a wooden fpit «' with a Toucan t two Partridges, and two Guinea Hens." Voy* to Sen. 8vo, p. 144.— His Toucan was, no doubt, this bird. and 4 H O R N B I L L. and ftiorter than the thighs : two joints of the outer toe con- nefted to the firft joint of the middle one. Size of a large Pigeon, but the bill very large in refpcdt to the body. Inhabits Jrabiay where it is faid to feed on ferpents. Called by the nancies TulUk and BymltUi. The former of thefe might rea- dily be confounded with that of Senegal, Tock, by mere difference of dialed. 357 Place* m White Toucan, ffawi/w. Vej, i. p, 123, 'TpHE bird here referred to is faid to be of the fize of a Goofe, •*' wholly fnow white, except the bill and legs, which were black : the beak curved, and of fo great a length and thicknefs, that it was not eafy to conceive how the mufcles of the neck, which was one foot long, and as fmall as that of a Crane, could fupport it. This bird was caught between the ifland of Tinian and PulO' timoen. It was kept alive four months on board, and fed on bif- cuit, after which it died. This bird fhould feem rather a Hornbill than a Toucan, as in this latitude no other than Hornbills have been feen j on the con- trary, in South America, where the Toucans arc, there are no Horn- hills : but this cannot be determined for want of better de- fer iption. II. WHITE H. DESCRirTION* Place. Bill t u\ ! t!i i 3S9 H O R N B I L L. WREATHED H. Bill of an Indian Raven, fTill. tm. t. 78. Description of 'TT^HE bill is, in figure, not unlike that of N* 3 : in length, THE Bill. X f^Q^ thg angles of the mouth to tip, from five to fix inches : on the top of the upper mandible is an appendage arifing about an inch in height j this is rounded at top, and divided into feven or eight fegments, not unaptly refembling the rattle of a rattle^ fnake : the edges of the mandibles are jagged in the middle, not ferrated : noftrils fituated at the bafe of the firfl: fegment, and have the appearance of roundifh holes. Specimens of this are to be feen in the Briti/ht Leverian, and other Mufeums, The bill only has, I believe, yet arrived in England, Genvs / ?Lxn. , yr/nr/f . '/)rf/-(ff/< /' [ 3S9 1 Genus IX. BEEF-EATER. N" I. African Beef-eater. BILL ftrong, thick, ftrait, nearly fquare: upper mandible a little protuberant ; on the lower a large angle. Tongue. Toes, three before, one behind j the middle conne<5ted to the outmoft as far as the firft joint. fi II ; : ■ *i Buphaga Africana, Lin. Syji. i. 154. N° r* LePicbceuf, Bri/. ern.u, 437. N° i. t. 42. f. z. — — Buf. oif. iii. p. 175. t. \^.—Pl.enl. 293. AFRICAN BEEF-EATER. Pl. XII. "HE fize of this bird is that of the crefted Lark : length eight Description, inches and a half. Colour above grey brown, beneath and rump dirty yellow : the bill is in fome yellowifli, with the end red, in others brown j it is in figure nearly fquare, and ten lines in length : the tail is wedge-Ihaped ; all the feathers are pointed at the end} the.fide feathers are rufous on the infide margins: legs and claws brown. Inhabits Senegal-, where this bird is faid to be very fond of the larvae of infefts, which are enclofed under the (kin, on the backs of the oxen, and alighting on thefe animals, picks them out with the bill, in the fame manner as the Magpie fettles on the backs of Iheep, in this country, to pick out the ticks. Brijfon fecms to be the only one who has feen this bird y from whom, and the Planches enluminees, we have taken our figure. Genus Place and Mannkrs. IH; II: ; i: ii:- [ j6o 3 G E M U 8 X. A N I, N' I. Lefler A. 2. Greater A. 3. Walking A. THIS genus has a comprefled, greatly arched, half oval, thin bill ; cultrated at top. Noftrils round. Tongue flat, pointed at the end. Ten feathers in the tail. Toes placed two and two. I. LESSER ANI. Pl. XIII. Descriftiok, Crotophaga Ani, Liu. Sjfi. i. p. 154. N° i. Le Bout de Petun, Brif. orn. iv. p. 177. pl. 18. f. I. L'Ani des Savanes, Buf. oif. vi. p. 420. Petit Bout de Petun, Pl. enl. 102. f. 2. Pfittaco congener Ani Braf. Rail Syn. p. 35. N" lo.—- Ani Braf. Marcg. id, p. iZ^.—'Will. orn. p. 120. Cacalototl. Rati Syn. p. 168. N" 27 i Razor-billed Blackbird, Catejb. Car I app. pl. 3 •. Great Blackbird, Sloan. Jam. vol. ii. p. 298. N' 12. pl. 256. f. 1.—- Broiuu. yam, p. 474. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf, A BOUT the fize of a Blackbird : length thirteen inches and a half. The bill is of a fingular fhape, about an inch in length, hooked at the end, and much compreflfed, rifing to a fharp • The toes are here placed three before and one behind, no doubt by miftake. 9 T'^'ge I'lxm. ! ■, 1 ■ :f ^^fM/'r f ¥/// A, A N L ridge at top ; the colour of it a brownifh black : the colour of the whole bird is black, in fomc parts gloflcd w'.th purple, and about the neck faintly tinged with green on the margins : the bafe of the bill is ftirniflied with black bridles, which turn for- wards : the eye-lids have long hairs, like cye-laflics : the tail is fix inches long, and much cuneated : the legs are black : toes placed two before and two behind. This fpecies is found in JamaitHy St. Dofr.ingOy and other ifiands in the PVeft - Indies -, alfo at CuyennCy and other parts of South Ame- rica. Contrary to all other birds, they have the fingularity of many laying in the fame neft; to make which, they all unite in concert, and after laying their eggs, fit on them clofe to each other, in order to hatch them j each unanimoufly ftriving to do the befl: for the general good : and when the yoi ng are hatched, the parents, without referve, do the befl to feed the whole flock. Still a greater fingularity occurs, which is, that as foon as each fe- male lays her eggs, flie covers them with leaves *, doing the fiune thing whenever fhe is obliged to leave the nefl for food : this might be necefTary in a cold climate ; but why it fhould be wanted in a hot one, feems not clear, efpecially as it has not been obferved in other birds. It generally has two broods in a year, ex- cept accidents happen ; in which cafe, it has been known to make three nefts. The eggs are about the fize of thofe of a Pigeon j of a fea-green colour, fpotted at the ends. Their food is various ; worms, infefls, fruits, and grain f , ac*- cording to the feafon. Both this and the next fpecies have the 361: Place and S I N G U L A a Man runs. .11 • Hifl. des cif. t To thefe may be added ihe licks which they pick from the backs of;' oxen. Linn, 3 A fam^ J^^ AN I. fame manners, and are continually in a gregarious ftate, from ten to thirty in a flock, whether it be in breeding-time or not. They are not difficult to be fhot, not being fo wild as many other birds; but are known to chatter much on the fight of a man, though they do not fly to a great difljancej hence are not well re- liflied by fportfmen *, as, like the Jays in England, they are the occafion of hindering his fport in refped to other game, without making him amends in their own flefli, which is never fought af- ter for food, being rank and unfavoury. GREATER ANI. .DfiSCRlPTlOK, Le grand Bout de Petun, Brif. urn. iv. p. i8o. pi. i8. f. 2. — PI, ent, N« 102. f. I. L'Ani des Paletuvlers, Buf. o'lf. vi. p. 423. pi. 19.— Or». dt SaUrnct p. 73. N° 10. 'HIS fpecies is larger than the laft, being little inferior to a Jay in fize, and eighteen inches in length. The bill is longer in proportion, and rifes higher on the top, where it is un- equal : the colours are much the fame as in the other, fo that one defcription will ferve for both. We are aflfbred, however, that they are diftinft fpecies, and never mix together j though each have the fame manners, with this difference only, that the fmaller frequent the open fivannas, the larger only the falt-marflies near the fea-coafts. It is faid that they are eafily made tame, and will iearn to talk like Parrots. The male and female are both alike. • Sloane Jam, vol. ii. p. 298. Crotophaga I- N I, S^3 ill Crotophaga ambulatoria, L:». Sj/J}. i. p. 155. N** 2, npHIS, fays Urinous, is in every thing like the others, exc-pt in ■*' the fituation of the toes, which are placed three before and one behind, I muft leave the whole of this on the authority of its author, having never feen fuch a bird ; nor have any of my enquiries on. this head been more fuccefsful. Said tQ inhabit Surinam^ WALKING AN I. Description, PLACI!. 3 A ^ •.Gif N U S' m 'I' ' 'l ' I •?! n>. ■- ■'ti I 3^4 ] Genus XI. W A T T L E - B 1 R D, N" I. Cinereous Wattle-Bird. THE bill in this genus is incurvated and fornicated, the upper mandible exceeding the lower in length. At the gape of the bill a carunCulated wattle, arifing from the under mandible. The noftrils deprefled, half covered by a membrane of a tex- ture fomewhat cartilaginous, and tufred near the ends. The tongue of a fub-cartilaginous texture, divided at the end, or rather deeply ferrated, and ciliated. Legs made for walking : toes three before and one * behind : the legs carinated at the back part. I. +- CINEREOUS WATTLE- BIRD. Pl. XIV. J)escription. Lev, Muf, 'T'HIS Angular bird is about the fize of a Jay : the length from bill to tail is fifteen inches. The bill is black, very ftrong, and bent downwards; in length an inch and a quarter: the noftrils are fituated in a hollow at the bafe of the bill, and are half covered by a membranous cartilage, which hangs over them as a cover : from the bafe of the lower mandible, on each fide, • I here take an opportunity of remarking an error of the prefs (for fuch only It can be) in the Genera of Birds, where it is mentioned, that this genus has three toes before, and tnuo l)ehlnd, being five in all ; a circumftancc wholly unnatural in the feathered tribes. See Gen, of Birds, p. 9. ]. 15. fprings J .1 inxft'. ;.■ i' ' ; ! h ( f //r/'ff>f/,i //fr///f , '/)^ /■(■/ . • Mr, Torfter, in his Voy. talks of the flirill notes of Thruflies, \.\iq graver pipe tf Wattli-Birds , and the enchanting melody of various Creepers, refounding on all fides. Vol. i. p. 148. nn W A T T L E - B I R D. Iprings a round fubftance, in texture like tlie wattle of a Cock ; at firfl: this is of a fine blue colour, but afterwards becomes of a fine orange : the irides are of a fine mazarine blue : from the forehead to the eye, and between that and the bill, the colour is of a deep black j the reft of the plumage dark afli-colour : the tail pretty long, confifting of twelve feaiiiers, and is cuneiform in fliape, the outer feather being fhorter than the middle one by one inch : the wings, when clofed, reach to the bafe only : the legs are long : and the hind claw much longer than the others. This bird inhabits New Zealand throughout : it is often feen walking on the ground, and fometimes perched on trees, though lefs frequent : its food confifts of various articles j berries of all kinds, and infefts \ and, according to the relation of fome, fmall birds alfo. The flefh is good to eat, and was by fome accounted even fa- voury. It has a kind of note not unlike whiftling, and fome- times a kind of murmuring, though not an unpleaftng one *. As great a Angularity as any is the tongue, which is by no means like that of any known bird, as will be feen by confulting the op- pofite plate. For this account I am indebted to Br. J. R. Forjier. Place anw Manners. I < ^.1^ Genus ( - it C 3^^ 3 G E N ir s Xir. CROW, 4. 5- N" I. Raven. Var. A. Pied R. Var. B. White R. 2. South-Sea R, J. Carrion Crow. Var. A. Variegated Cr. Var. B. White Cr. Rook. Hooded Cr. 6. White-breafted Cr. 7. New Caledonian Cr, 8. Chattering Cr. 9. Jackdaw. Var. A. Collared Ji Var. B. White J. Var. C. Black J, IQ. Hottentot Cr. Alpine Cr. Philippine Cr. New Guinea Cr, 14. Papuan-Cr*. 15. Bare- necked Cr, II. 12. 13- N» 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23- 24. 25- 26. i7. 28. 29. 30- 31- 32. 33- 34. 35- Bald Cr. Pacific Cr, Tropic Cr. Jay. Var. A. White Jay. Blue Jay. Steller's Cr. Cayenne Jay. Cinereous Cr. Red-billed Jay, Chinefe Jay. Siberian Jay, Peruvian Jay. Yellow-bellied Jay, Magpie. Var. A. White T)\ Blue Crow. Senegal Cr. Caribbean Cr, African Cr. Mexican Cr. Surinam Cr. W36, Lefler ;l [. !31 r N* 36. Lefler Mexican Cr. 37. Short-tailed Cr. Var. A. Var. B. Van. C. R O W. N" 38. Nutcracker. 39. Rcd-lcgged Cr. 40. Cayenne red-billed Cr. 41. Hermit Cr. 3^7 I THE bill in this genus is ftrong, the upper mandible a little convex, the edges are cultrated, and in moft of the fpecies IS a fmall notch near the tip. Noftrils covered with bridles, rcfleded over them. Tongue divided at the end. Toes, three forward, one backward j the middle one joined to the outer as far as the firft joint. Different fpecies found in every climate. In general clamorous : p.omifcuous feeders : build for the moft part in trees : lay about fix eggs. Several fpecies inhabit Englandt whofe nature is well known, and may ferve to give an idea of the manners of the reft. Corvus corax, Lin. Sjjl. i. p. 155. N** z.—Faun. Groenl. p. 6z, N" 38.— Muller, p. 1 1 . i maximus. Scop. Ann. 1. p. 34. N° 45. Le Corbeau, Bri/. orn. ii. p. S.—Bu/. oif. iii. p.. 13. pi. 2.—Pt. enl. 495. Rabe, Fri/ch. t. 63. — Kram. tlen, p. 333. Raven, Raii Syn. p. 39. A. i.—fVill. orn. p. 121. pi. 18. — Albin. ii. pi. 20.— Br. Zool. i. p. 218. N" ^^.—Amer. Zeol. W Br, Muf. Lev. Mu/. 'npHIS is the largeft of the genus, weighing three poundsj and Descriptioj*. ^ is in length above two feet, in breadth four. The bill is ftrong .and thick, nearly two inches and three quarters in ft Jength, *f- RAVjENv Hi I ■ .t Ml I if 368 R W. Places and Manners. length, and covered with briftles for two thirds of its length, completely hiding the noftrils : the colour of the whole plumage is a fine rich glofly blue black, the under parts of a more dull and duflcy colour. This bird is well known, though not fo common as the other fpecies, in England i it is alfo an inhabitant of many other parts of the world, and every where efteemed for its horrid, though ufeful, appetite for carrion^ whereby mankind is relieved from that great fource of putridity and difeafe. We hear of it from Groenland * to the Cape of Good Hope f on the one fide, and from Canada \ to Mexico % on the other j and, no doubt, in the inter- mediate places in general, as many authors might be noted to confirm it. It is a crafty bird, not only fcenting the delightful fmell of carrion at a vaft difl:ance, but alfo very careful of coming within gun-fhot, fo not eafily killed. When brought up young, is very familiar, yet apt to pilfer; often hiding things of value, to the great lofs of the owner, without ufe to itfelf : it is a long- lived bird. It makes its neft early in the fpring, laying five or fix eggs, of a pale blueifli green colour, fpotted with brown. Though it is believed to be fondeft of carrion, yet it is found to deftroy many living animals : rabbets, young ducks, and chickens, fall a prey to it, and not unfrequently lambs which have been dropped in a weak flate j in that cafe, this bird has been known to pick out the creature's eyes while yet alive : will alfo fuck eggs, when it can get at them j and, if driven by hunger, will eat Jhell-fijh, and even worfe things. With us it builds in trees; but in Groenhind and Iceland makes its neft in the holes of rocks. • Faun. Groen, f Kolhm Defer, du Cap, p. 1 36. J CharUioix, Kalm, ^ Fernandez. compofing i\ i^ CROW. compofing it of roots and twigs, along with the bones they have picked, lining it with hair, mofs, &c.— By the above, one may fuppofe their flelh impoflible to be reliflied ; yet in Greenland it is eaten by many, and their fkins ufed by the natives as a covering next the flefh. It muft be an hardy bird, for in the laft-named iQand it is the only one of its race that is met with. Of this fpecies Brifon mentions two varieties. Le Corbeau varie, Bri/. ortt. ii. p. 12. A. Cacalotl, Ternand, Hiji. Nov. Hifp. p. 48- T^HIS differs from the other, only in having a mixture of white feathers, and inhabits Mexico, Le Corbeau blanc, 5r//: «r». ii. p. 12. B. Corvus albus, Scbivtnck. av. Sil. p. 245. •THIS is white throughout, and found in Norway and Ice^ ^ land. We have had more than one inftance where the whole brood of a neft have proved white j and I know one at this prefent time, which is nearly white, or very pale bufF- colour. 3^9 I. Var.B. WHITB RAVEN. 1 y ;• i' 1 ■ :,.. t. Var. A. PIED RAVEN, ii 1 i 1 !V^i LENGTH nineteen inches. Bill remarkably ftrong at the bafe, and much comprefifed at the fides ; in length two inches and three quarters, and of a black colour : the plumage dulky black : the feathers beneath the chin are of a remarkably 2 B loofe SOUTH-SEA RAVEN. Description. 370 Place. CROW. loofe texture : quills brownifh black : tail eight inches long, and black : legs and claws alfo black. Inhabits the Friendly IJles, in the South Seas. _ .1- Corvus corone, Li». Sjji. i. p. 155. N^ ^.^Muller, p. lU^Scop. Jmt. i. •^ CROW *^^ ^* ^^' ^° 36.-G^.rff. RuJT. N° 2. La Corneille, Brif. orn. ii. p. 12. N" 2,—Buf. oij. iii. p. 45. pi. 3.—?/, *«/. 483. Carrion Crow, ^^m 5ya. p. 39. A. z.—Will. orn. 122. pi. 18 ^/^;«. vol. ii. pi. zi.—£r. i^ool. i. N° 75. pi. 34.— ^w^r. Zee/. N" Bescriptiok.. npHE Crow is like the Kaven, both in form and manners, but is much lefs in fize : the length is eighteen inches i breadth twenty-fix inches j and weighs a pound and a quarter. The general colour is a fine violet black, but not near fo glofljr as that of the Raven. It makes the neft on tall trees, chiefly in woods i and lays five or fix eggs, much like thofe of a Raven. Thefe birds are raoft frequently feen in pairs, and are faid to remain fo through life. Like the Raven, are fondefl: of carrion and animal food, making great havock of young game of all kinds; and will pick out the eyes of young defencelefs lambs. The female difFersfrom the male in being lefs brilliant. The Carrion Crow is met with in many parts of the world, though not near fo far fpread as the Raven. It is faid to be very fparingly met with throughout the northern parts oi Europe : in Frujfia* not ufual ; and in Sweden f only feen once j in England, France, and Germany, are pretty common. We hear of it at Madeira ;];. Not • Klein, Ord, Av. p. 58, f Faun, SufC, p. 29. J ferjf, Foj, p. 25. in. CROW. in Canada * in winter; but common in Loniftana, -where they are eaten, according to fome f . Not unlikely to be the Maldivian Crow, mentioned by F. Pyrand. Dampier mentions their being at New Holland and New Guinea J, and, according to our late voyagers, at New Caledonia \\ likewife. With us, both this bird and the Raven remain the whole year. 37 « i,;i La Corneille variee, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 15. N° 2. A, Buntc Kraehe, Scheckige Kraehe, Fri/ch. t. 66. Corvus varius, Brun. orn. bor. p. 8. N° 8. ^HE cheeks, fore part of the neck, middle of the belly, rump, and quills, are white ; the reft black, as in the former. In Brunnich's bird, the head, bill, legs, coverts of the nollrils, fore part of the neck, belly, and quills from the firft to the feventeenth, were white j all the other parts black. Both of thefe birds are faid to come from the ifland of Ferroe §, where fuch birds are faid to keep feparate from the other com- mon Crows of the ifland. Var. a. VARIKGATED CROW. Description. LACE. • At leaft at ^ebec. '* Even the Crow does not venture to expofe itfelf in winter, but takes its flight in autumn," Kalm. Trav. iii. 206. f " They are better to eat than thofe of Europe, as they eat no carrion." Id. p. III. But again he fays, that they are like the Cronvs of S-weden ; if fo, I fear they will prove to be ReoAs, which are as common there as the Creiu is rare. Jd. vol. i. p. 121. X Tom. iv. p. 138. — Tom. v. p. 81. II Ferfter'i Voy, vol. ii. p. 402. § M. Salerne mentions one brought from Ferroe, whofe feathers were black, white, and grey brown, mixed. Ortt. p. 91. N" 10. 3B2 La !■>■■ 'ti ii 372 C R O W. La Corneille blanche, Brlf. oru. ii. p. 15. N" 2. B. Var.B. WHITE CROW. Description. A-pjjis is wholly white, bill and legs not excepted. Place. This bird came from Iceland. Schzvenckfield * mentions one among his Sileftan birds •, and M. Salerne f mentions alfo a white Crow, but in his the colour was not pure : the irides were red. 4- ROOK. DeSCRIPTIOHi Corvus frugilegus, Lin. Syji.'i. p. 156, N® 4. La Corneille moifronneufe, Brif. orn, ii. p. i6. N" 3. Le Freux, ou la Frayonne, Buf. oi/. iii. p. 55. — PI, enl. 484. Schwartze Kraehe, Fri/ch. t. 64. — Kramer el. p. 333. Rook, Rait Syn. p. 39. A. 3. — Will. orn. p. 123.— ^/^/«. ii. pi, 22.-- ^r« Zool. i. N° 76 Amer. Zool. N° Br. Muf. Lev. Muf, IN fize fomewhat bigger than the laft, but the fame in colonr: fcarcely to be diftinguifhed apart, except from the circum- ftance of being bare about the noftrils and root of the bill j which parts in the Crow are well clothed with feathers, and the latter with briftly hairs : this arifes from one neceffary part of the man- ners, viz. thrufting the bill into the earth continually, after the various worms ahd eruca of infe£fs J, on which it feeds j for it does not live on carrion, like the laft fpecies and Ravens. Be- fides infedls, it alfo feeds on all forts of grain, to fome inconve- nience perhaps to the hufbandman, but no doubt doubly repaid • P. 243. f Orn. p. 91. N»9. J Particularly the Ckafert or Der-btttlt, Scarab, mfhhntba, Linn* hf ISSHBS^BHIPPP' C R W. 373 by the good done liim in extirpating the Maggot of the Chafer' beetle^ which in fome feafons dellrojrs wliolc crops of corn, by feeding on the roots. This is a gregarious bird, fometimes being fecn in immenfc flocks, fo as to ahnoft darken the air in their flight ; which they regularly perform morning and evening, except in breeding-time, when the daily attendance of both male and female is required for theufe of incubation, or feeding the young; for it is obferved that they do both by turns. As thefe birds are apt to form themielves into focieties, fuch places as they frequent during the breeding- time are called rookeries j and they generally choofe a large clump of the tailed trees for this purpofe ; but make fo great a litter, and fuch a perpetual chatter, that nothing but habit, and a length of time, can reconcile one to the noife. The eggs are like thofe of Crows, but lefs, and the fpots larger. They begin to build in Marchy and after the brceding-feafon forfake their neft trees, go- ing to rooft elfevvhere, but have been obferved to return to them in Auguji : in Ottober they repair their nefl:s *. , In England they remain the whole year ; yet we are told ,that both in France and Silejia they are birds of paflage f. Whether they migrate or not in Swedenj we are not told; but Linnaus talks of their building there %. The young birds are accounted good eating, efpecially if Ikinned, and put in a pie. * Br. Zofi. it p. 222; t Hifi, dt$ eif, iii. p* 59* X Faun. Suec. p> 30> Mannep..'. Corvtt) m 1 j|i| 374 C H O \V. HOODED CROW. Corvus cornix, Lin. Syft. i. p. ,56. N- ^.^^cop. Am. i. p. 25. N° 37.— Mulkr, p. 1 1 . La Corneille mantelee, Brif. orn. ii. p. 19. N<» 4.-J?«/. c//. ili. p. 6u pi. 4. — P/. enl. 76. Nebel Kraehe, /!'r//f>&. t. 65. Grave Kran, Kranveitl, Kram. p. 333. Royflon Crow, Raii Sjn. p. 39. A. 4.-^,//. «,«. p. ,24. pi. ,8. 77.^ Alhin. ii. pi. 23. Hooded Crow, Jr. Zm/. i. N° yy.^Flor. Scot. vol. i. p. 20. pi. 2. 5r. Jl/a/". Lev, Muf, J)£SCRIPTION, ^HIS fpecies is about the fize of the laft, and twenty-two ■* inches in length. The bill is two inches long: the head, fore part of the neck, wings, and tail, are of a fine glolTy blue black : the rett of the body of a palifh alh-colour : bill and legs black : the irides hazel : the bottom of the toes broad and flat, to enable thenn to walk without finking on marfhy and muddy grounds, where they are converfant*. This is an elegant fpecies, and in divers parts o( England fuffi- ciently plenty in winter j for at the approach of fpring it retires from us to breed elfewhere. It is moft likely that the major part of them go entirely c Jt o( England, but perhaps not all, as I have been informed that they have been feen in our northern moun- tainous counties in the fummer. " In Scotland they remain the whole year, and is the only fpecies in the ijlands, and great part of the Highkndsy growing fcarcer the neare.'- we approach to the Souif^ : keep in pairs, except for fome time after the breed ing-Pja- ibn i is moft aftedtionate to its mate f." They are alfo migra- * JBr. Zool, i, p. 224, f Flora Scot, i. p. 20. tory C R O W. tory in other countries. Scopoli* obferves this of thofe in Car^ niola : they do alfo the fame in Sweden^ where they breed, as well as in the fonthern parts of Germanyy in the woods of the iflands of the Danube f . It is moft likely the fpecies mentioned by Fryer J, as inhabiting Ifpahan in 'Perfta \ and has been brought from the Philippine Iflands by M. Sonnerat ||i Kalm<^ mentions a Crow in Penjylvania, a variety of the Cor- vixy which is not common in winter ; but he give.> no further de- fcription, confequently leaves us in the dark as to the fpecies. The manners of thefe birds coincide with both thcf*; of the Crew and Rook j with the former feeding at times on carrion, added to the fame inclination of doing mifchief among defencelefs young birds, and other animals j and frequent the borders of ri- vers, for the fake of the ofFal call on fhore, and fhell-filh ** ; on the other hand, like the Rook, are frequently content with ;»- fe£lSi feedsi and berries. They are gregarious, and build in trees, laying fix eggs ; but feparate into pairs in the breeding-leafon, aft.er which they again unite in bands. Thefe are often feen in 37S Manners. f\ • jlnn. Hift.Nat. i. p. 25. f Kramtr tlen, p. 333. X " The Crows here are like our Royllon Crows, grey on their backs and wings." Fryer^s Travels, p. 318. II Hiji. desoij. iii. p. 66. note CfJ. § This is faid to be very noxious there, living chiefly on corn, fcratchirg ths- feeds out of the ground foop after they are fown : when the maize begins to ripen, it makes a hole into the itfuolucrum furrounding the ear, by which means the maize is fpoiled, the rain pafling through it: they alfo {\t:i\ young cbickens, and are fond ci dead carcafes. The province of Pen/yI'vania hr.d formerly given three pence, and Neiu Jerfey four pence, a head for one of tliefe, hut the ex- pences proving too great, are now repealed. Kalm Traij. vol. ii. p. 66. •• Thefe birds are frequent on the ihores of the Thames, both in JCtnt and EJex. and are by fomc called EJ/ett Cronus, fmall t i I , ji i> I 376 CROW. fmall flocks near London^ where they are feldom much perfecuted, being fuppofed an ufeful bird. 6. WHITE- BREASTED CROW. Pl. XV. Description. Place AND .Manne*s. La Corneille du Senegal, Buf.oif. iii. p. 67.— P/. enl. 327. Corvus dauricus, Pallas Trav. vol. i. p. 694 JN" 8. Chinefe black Ravens with white necks, OJb. Voy, vol. i. p. White-breafted Crow, Fryer's Trav. p. ?.i. 377« CIZE of a fmail Crow r length twelve inches or more. Bill black: the head and throat are blacic, glofled 'vitb '--ivie: the neck and bread white : the reft of the body, wing:., c. • .u.i, blue black : legs lead-colour : claws black. The oird figured in the Planches enluminees came from Senegal; but it is by no means confined to that quarter. There is no doubt of it being the one deicribed by P 'HaSy above quoted, which he fays come .arly in the fpring in great flights from China^ and the fouthern Monguls countryy into the parts about the Lake Baikal, but moft frequent about the towns and villages on the river Lena, in which part the Jackdaws and Royfton Crows are very feldom feen. I am well informed alfo, that they are found in vaft numh ti in the ifland of Johanna^ where they live chiefly on infeSls j. fruits, and make their nefts in trees. Pallas mentions a variety of thefe, found among the others, which is almoft wholly black : the nape of ' i neck and the throat brown. I have alfo been favoured with a further variety, in a drawing from Mr. Pennant, in which not only the ufual parts, but alfo the belly and vent, were white ; a figure of which we have thou V't fit to add to this work. See PI. XV. I 'uunk vi.xv: ^ R W. I think there cannot remain a doubt of its being alfo the JVhite-breaJted Crow, mentioned in Fryer's Travels as a bird com- mon in Perjia, though he barely mentions the circumflance. 317 T ENGTH above fifteen inches. Bill fourteen lines long, (tout, and of a black colour : irides pale yellow : eye-lids black : general colour of the plumage cinereous, except the tail, which is five inches in length, and of a black colour : legs black. Inhabits New Caledonia. The defcription taken from a drawing in the colledlion of Sir Jofepb Banks, NEW CALE- DONIAN CROW. Descriptiow* Placi. La Corneille de la Jamaique, Bri/. ent, ii. p. 22. N® K.^^Suf. ei/, iii. 8. p. 67. CHATTERING Chattering Crow, or Cacao Walk, SUeH* Jam. vol. it. p. 298.-120/1 Syu, p. 181. CROW. Placb and Mamcers. CIZE of a common Crow : length eighteen inches. Bill an DiscairnoH: inch and a half long, and black ; a,s is the whole plumage and legs. This bird is common in Jamaica, and frequents the moun- tainous parts of that ifland : it makes a chattering noife> different from that of any of the European Crows, and is moft frequent on the north fide of it : it is faid to be very near the common Crow of England in outward appearance, but not Ilridtly the fame bird. It feeds on berries, beetles, &c. and by foqfie is accounted good meat* ' I sc CorvKi li ' 378 C R O \V, JACKDAW. Description. Manners. Corvus monedula, Lin. Syft, i, p. 156. N' 6.— ^«/. am, i. p. 36. N* jSv Muller, p. 12. Le Choucas, Brif. orn, ii. p. 24. N"6.— 5k/". e// iii. p. 6g.—Pl. enl. 523, Dohle, Grave Dohle, Kram, cl. p. 334. — Fri/ch, pi. 67. Jackdaw, Rait Syit. p. 40. A. ^.—fFill. orn. p. 125. i^\..\^.^—-Aibin. u pl, 14.— £r. Zoo/, i. N° 81. pi. 34. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. 'Tr^HE Jackdaw is about the fize of a fmall Pigeoni though not fo thick in the body : the length is full thirteen inches. The bill an inch and a quarter long,, and black: the irides are white : the forehead and crown of the head, fides, round the eyes, and the chin, are of a glofly black : the hind head and back part of the neck of an elegant cinereous grey, which pafles on each fide to the breaft, where it is much darker : the reft of the plumage is of a glofly black, though inclining to dulkv beneath : the legs are black. Thefe birds are pretty common in England^ wht.e they remain the whole year : they fcarce ever bulid the neft in trees, but are in- clined to make ufe of rocks, old towers, and ruined edifices, which are out of the reach of plundering boys j and are known to build in the interlaces between the uprig'it pillars of SionehengCt in JVih- Jhire *. They lay five or fix eggs, which are paler, fmaller, and have fewer fpots on them, than thofe of Crows. Thefe are fre* quently and eafily brought up tame; are accuftomed to hide that part of their food which they cannot eat, and often, with it, fmall valuables, occafioning fufpicions of theft, for the prefent, in fome • Pennant alfo obferves, that they make ufe of rahbet-hohi in fome parts of Hampjhire. See Br. Zool. i. p. 231. 5 perfons, CROW. 379 perfons, which have afterwards proved unjuft: this I have known to happen more than once. I do not find that this fpecies is fo widely fpread as many others of the genus. Befides our own ifland, we hear of it in Denmark^ France, Jujiria, and many other parts of Germany, where it is more or lefs migratory. It is fubjeft to much variety in plumage. Le ChoHCasa'CoTIier, Bri/, em. ii. p. 2j, A. Helvetian Daw, Charlt. Ex. p. 75. N° j.—Omm. p. 68. N" y.—JlJrcv, av. tom. i. fig. in p. 774. — Jobnft. a'v. t. 16. (called Graculus.) 'TpHIS differs merely in having a collar of white round th';: X neck, and is found in Switzerland, 9' Var. Af COLLARED JACKDAW. Le Choucas blanc, Bri/. or». ii. p. 27. B. Monedula Candida, ScAivencA, mv. Si/, p. ^0^,^R»ac. Auli, HiJI. P0I, P- 396* IT HIS variety is wholly white, with a yellowifh bill. 9' Var.B. ^- WHITE JACKDAW. Le Choucas noir, Bri/. am. ii. p. 28. N** "j.-^-Buf. tif, iii. p. 69.'— 9. />/.*«/. 522. Var-C. Schwartze dohle, Frifch, t. 68. JACKDAW Chough, Charlt. ex. Sff tnom, p. 6j, N" 3. — Sibbald Sett, illujl. p. *. lib. iii. p. 15. 'TpHIS differs from the common Jackdaw, merely in wanting Descmptxok. ■^ the greyifh tinge about the head, in being fmaller, and having many fpots of white about the eyes, which have blueilh 3 C 2 irides. m 3«« CROW, irides. This is faid to be called by the Englijh " Chough j" but Sibbald is the only one who names it thus. I cannot place it here, but as a variety of the common. Befides the above, I find one mentioned by Scbwenckfield, which- was like the common Jackdaw, except in the wings, which were white, and the bill crooked. One, now in the Leverian Mufeunty was like the common ones, in all things, except the bill j both mandibles of which crofled each other, as in the Crofsbill : and in the mufeum of Dr. Hunter is a bird of this fpecies, whofe plumage is of a bufF-colour, but darkefl about the head : the bill is quite pale, but natural ; and: the fhoulders white.. 10. HOTTENTOT CROW. DlSCllIPV!ON. ?lacb; Corvus Hottentottus, Litr. Syjl, i. p. 155. N" i. Le Choucas du Cap de bonne Efperance, Bri/. om» ii. p. jj. pi. a. f.Z'* PI. enl. 226. Le Choucas monftache, J3u/. oif, ill. p. 79^ CIZE of a Blackbird : length eleven inches and a quarter. Bill an inch and a half long, black, and a little bent: the feathers about the noflrils are like black velvet : above thefe, at the corners of the mouth, arife fome long hairs, above three inches in length J and befides thefe, at the corners of the mouth are others, which are m«ch fhorter, and ftifF, like briftles : the fea- thers on the head, throat, and neck, are of a fhining black green : thofe on the upper part of the neck are narrow, and longer than the reft, falling over the back, and waving with every motion thereof: the reft of the plumage is greenifh blacky changing to blue in fome parts : the legs and claws are black. Inhabits the Ca^t of Good Mofe, Corvus CROW. 3«' II. Corvus pyrrhocorax, 5f«. Syft. i. p. 158. N* 17. » - .,. — ALPINE CROW. Le Choucas des Alpcs. Bri/. orn. ii. p. 30. N" 8. pi. i. f- 2.— .»«/. <«/ »"• p. 76. pi. 6.-^Pl. tnh 551. OIZE of a Jackdaw : length fifteen inches. Bill like that bird, but a little more elongated ; an inch and a quarter in length, and yellow. The bird is wholly of a black colour: legs and claws black } but in fome the legs arc yellow. Inhabits the Alps. Is not the fame bird with the Cornijh Ghougb. It has a ftiarp, difagreeable voice. Lives on grain, and does much damage to the harveft. The aefh pretty good eating. Description. Flags. fvl CorvusbaUcafius,Zi»». 5j5/?.i.p. 1S7- N' II. PHILIPPINE Le Choucas des Philippines, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 31. N' 9. pi. 2. f. *• CROW. PI. enl. 603. LeBalicafle des Philippines, if»/. w/. iii- p. 83. QIZE of a Blackbird : length ten inches. Bill black : plumage Dkscmptioit. ^ black, gloffed with green : tail nearly four inches long, and much forked : legs and claws black. Inhabits the Philippine JJles, where it is called Bali-Cajfto. l''-*"- Sings well. I have fcen one of thefe, which came from the Cape of Good Hope,. Le Choutras dc la Nouvelle Guinee, Buf. «/. Ui. p. 80.— P/. tnl. 629* NEW GUINEA CROW. T ENGTH one foot: fize of a Jackdaw. Bill ftrong and dj,criptiok. ^ blackifh : the forehead, and all round the bill, black, which paflcs in a ftreak through the eyes, and a little behind them ; head. • V \\ 1 I j82 R W. Placb. head, neck, back, and upper part of the breaft, dark afh-colour : wings duflcy, edged with white : the lower part of the breaft, belly, thighs, and vent, the lower part of the back, rump, and upper tail coverts, are white, tranfverfcly barred with black : the tail black : legs rather fhort and dufky. Inhabits New Guinea, 14. PAPUAN CROW. Description. Flack. Xc Choucari de la Nouvdic Guinee, Suf. eif. iii. p. 81.— P/. tnl. 630. T ENGTH eleven inches. Bill almoft an inch long, and yel- lowifh ; the top of the upper mandible not rounded, but an- gular : the plumage greyifli alh-colour, paleft beneath : belly white : quills blackifh brown : legs fmall and aih-coloured : claws fhort. • " Inhabits New Guinea,, with the laft. '5- BARE-NECKED CROW. Le Colnu3 de Cayenne, Buf. oif. iii. p. B2,—TJ. enl. 609. Dbscription, CIZE of a Jackdaw. Bill broad at the bafe j colour of it dulky blue : the head is covered with a kind o^ hood, like black velvet, compofed of ftrait, Ihort, jagged, and very foft feathers j thefe are thinly placed on the neck, on the fore part, and almoft bare on the fides and behind : the reft of the plumage is alfo black, but the feathers as ufual in other birds : fome of the wing coverts and quills light grey. Buffon mentions, that the toes feemed to have been placed naturally all forwards, for there was a membrane between the hind toe and the inner one, and it had been forced behind by the perfon who put it into attitude. Place. This came from Cayenne, U G R d w. 38J Le Choucas chauve, Buf. eif. iii. p. 80. PI. enl. 521* 16. BALD CROW. JglGGER than the laft : length thirteen inches. The bill Description. ftrong, rather bent, and of a dufky black : the plunnage on the upper part of the body is of a ferruginous brown j beneath paler, nnore inclining to red, as are the upper tail coverts : legs dufky. The great Angularity of this bird confifts in the fore part of the head, which, as far as the crown, and beyond the eyes, is totally bare of feathers: the chin is fparingly covered with them. "Whether this baldnefs is the efFed merely of rooting into the ground, with its bill, like the Rooks m England; or whether fo formed by nature, cannot well be determined j it may perhaps be the firft cafe, as we know that the bill of the Rook is, while young, as completely clothed with briftles, which cover the nof- trils, and with feathers at the root of it, as the Crow ; let us therefore conclude it to be the fame with this bird, till experience ihall evince the contrary. In\i2ih\i^ Cayenne. Manners totally unknown. Place. L'tv, Mtt/.'. ENGTH ten inches and a half* Bill flrait, fomewhat bent at the end, and notched near the tip ; colour of it black : the plumage on the upper part of the body is cinereous, beneath paler, verging to reddifh brown : forehead and throat paleft- of all, almoft approaching to white; among the feathers of this laft part are fome flender hairs : hind head . and nape dufky black : quills ^ *7- PACIFIC CROW. DEscRiPTiorr. i J84 CROW. Place. 18. TROPIC CROW. BlICRlPTION. PtACI. quills of this lafl; colour j the tips dirty white • the tall is alfa black, with dirty white tips, all but the two middle feathers, which are plain black : legs and claws black. Inhabits the South SeaSt but the particular place uncertain. T ENGTH twelve inches and a half. Bill an inch and a quar- ter in length j at the bafe pretty broad, and 'the tips of botk mandibles notched: the plumage is of a gloITy black above, but of a dull black on the under parts : the wings and tail are black, with a glofs of green i the laft rounded : vent and fide feathers tipped with dufky white : legs and claws black. From 0-ivhy-hee, one of the Sandwich JJlandsj in thff South Seat, Defcribed from a bird in the poiTefllon of Sir Jofeph ks. 19. Corvus gUndarlus, Liii,Syfl.u p. 156. TTy.— 5fo/. ann.i. p. 36. N'jg; •*- JAY. — Jl/«//. p. 12. Le Jeay, Bri/. orn. ii. p. 47. N" i. — Buf. ti/. iii. p. 107. pi. 8.— P7, enl. 481. Holtz-fchreyerf £;chen-heher, Nufs-heher, Fri/eb. t. 55. Nufs-heher, Kramer el, p. 335. ^Ghiandaia, Olin. uee. p. 35. Jay, Rati Syn. p. 41. A. z.-^Will, em, p. 130. pi. i^^^-^jtlhin^ i. pi. \6, —Br. Zool. i. N** 79. Br, Muf, Lev, Muf, DiscRirTioH. 'TpHIS beautiful bird weighs kstn ounces : it is in length thlr- ■*■ teen inches. The bill is above an inch and a quarter long, (lout, and black : the irides white : the head is crefted ; the fea- thers on the forehead are white dafhed with black ; the chin is white : CROW. J8i white : from the angles of the mouth a broad flreak of black pafTes under the eye : the hind part of the head, the fides, the neck and bread, back, and fcapulars,are of a vinaceous buff-colour : the leflcr wing coverts of a light bay j the greater are moft ele- gantly barred with a rich blue and black alternate, the reft black : the quills are part afli-colour, part black, with the bafe of fome, and the edges of others, white ; the inner ones cheftnut, with black tips : the rump is white : the tail black, with du(ky edges, and the outer ones wholly dufky : the legs are brown. This fpecies is very common in our woods, and is well known to be a very reftlefs, noify bird, frequently depriving the anxious gunner of his mark, by alarming too foon his deftined viftim ; for the moment it fpies any perfon, it fets up a harlh, chattering, fcream, whereby its aflbciates, and all others, knovr that an enemy is near. Jays build chiefly in woods, making the neft of fticks, fibres of roots, and tender twigs, and lay five or fix eggs, of the fize of a Pigeon's, cinereous olive, marked with pale brown. The young keep with the old ones till the next pairing time, in fpring, when they choofe each his mate to produce their future progeny. In general they feed on acorns, nuts, feeds, and fruits of all kinds ; but will fometimes deftroy young chickens, and eggs, and will alfo take away birds that have been caught in a trap, or entangled with birdlime. They arc often kept in cages, and will talk pretty well j but with this lofe that beauty fo confpicuous in the wild ftate, fo as fcarcely to be known for the fame bird. The Jay, I believe, is not fpread fo far as many others of the genus, as we do not hear of its inhabiting further fouth than Italy and Greece, Be/on has given us a Greek name * for it. It * iAeiJimKOK^eunu The modern GrecA name is Kde^axwftc* Hi/f, dtsoif. iii. p, 107. 3D is IPlace am» MANNERt. 386 R W, is alio found in Demiarkt and mentioned likewife as a Rufflan fpecies. It is found in Scotlandt as well as in England, but not ia the iflands adjacent. r 19. Var. a. 4- WHITE JAV, DtscRirnoN. Le Geay blanc, Brif, ofit. ii. p. 51. A. 'TTHIS is wholly white, the bill and legs not excepted, and the irides red. I have fuch an one in my colleftion, which was. found in the neftj^ v ith four others of the common colour. 20« •f-BLUE JAY. Corvus criftatus, Lin. S^/. I. p. i$j^ N° 8. Le Geay bleu de Canada, £ri/. orn. ii. p. 55. N" /{.—Suf, ot/. iil. p. 120, PI. enl. 529. Blue Jay, Catejb. Cat', i.. pi. 15. — JSdw. pi. 2'i^,-^Jmer. Zool. N". Br. Muf., Lev. Muf, Descriptiok. TlyJUCH fmaller than our Jay : length eleven inches. Bilt black, above an inch long : the head is crefted and blue ; round the bafe of the bill black a ftreak of the fame pafles on each fide through the eyes, below the creft, and behind it ; and then teaming forwards unite to form a crefcent on the ':'reaft : the fides of the head and thioat are of a blueifli white, and there is a fpot of the fame over the eye : hind part of the neck and back blue: wings and tail the famej all the feathers of the lafl, except the two middle ones, tipped with white, and the feathers of both it and the wings elegantly barred with black : the greater coverts and fecond quills tapped with white : the breaft is of a blofTbm- colour : the belly and under tn,il covertj white: legs ^ dulky CROW. dtiJky brown t (ht tail nearly as long as the reft of the bird. The colours of the female are lefs briuht than thofe of the male. This inhabits North America^ to which I believe it is peculiar, but not feen farther north than the town of Albany : very com- mon at New Torky and in New England throughout, in Af>ril or May. It builds in fwamps, along with the red-winged Oriole and others, and his a foft delicate note. Its food is hazel-7iutSy chejl^ KUlSy and fuch like, which, like the NuUracker, it breaks by placing between the feet, and pecking with the bill till the fhell gives way. It is alfo very fond o( maize y and being a gregarious bird, often unites into flocks of twenty thoufand at leaft, which alighting on a field of ten or twelve acres, foon lays wafte the whole ; hence reckoned the moft deftrudlive bird in that country. Will often take up with fnails and vermin through necefllty, but not while any thing they like better is to be got at. It is not accounted good to eat. ENGTH fifteen inches. Bill an inch and a half; colour black J jufl: at the gape are five or fix black briftles : the head is crelled i the creft is above two inches in length/ compofed of narrow brown feathers ; the general colour of the reft of the plumage is purplilli black, inclining to green on the rump : half of the wing coverts arc of a brownilh black, the others of a deep blue; the fecond quills are alfo of this laft colour, crofted with eight or nine bars of black, in the manner of the blue Jay ; the greater quills are black, with the outer edges blue green : the fore part of the neck and breaft duflcy : belly and vent pale blue : 3 D 2 the 3S7 Place akh Manners. I 21. STELLERS CROW. Descriptiov. 3** ■i ■,, R W. the tail is fix inches long, flightly wedged in Ihape, the outer feather being Khorter than the middle one by an inch j the colour of it deep blue > the fhafts of all the feathers black : the legs are black. This bird has been noticed before by Steller, Plac». The fpecimen from which the above defcription is taken, came from Nootka Sound*, where it was met with by our laft voy- ager5> and is in the coUedion of Sir Jofepb Banks, lYfeNNE JAY. DESCRirTION. Corvus Cayanus, Lin. Syjf. i. p» 157. N" 9. Lc Geay de Cayenne, Sri/, em. ii. p. 52. N' 2. pi. 4. f. I^— P/. etil, 37 J. Le Blanche-coifTe, on le Geay de Cayenne, Bu/. oif, iii. p. 118. Ltv> Muf, T ENGTH thirteen inches : fize of our Jay. Bill an inch and a quarter long, and grey ; the feathers which furround it, the forehead, cheeks, throat, and lower part of the neck, are black : part of thofe on the forel>ead fall forward on the bill, and the reft ft and upright, and are pretty ftiff : on each fide of the head are three white fpots ; the firft above the eye, the next beneath it, and the third at the bafe of the lower mandible : the back and wings are violet, with a tinge of afh-colour: the tail rounded, of a violet-colour, with brown edges and white tips, except the two middle ones, which are violet brown : legs and claws grey. PtAci. Tfiis inhabits Cayenne. • Perhaps not far difierent from one mentioned by Cetktt met with in New Ca-- hionia, and defcribed thus: a kind of Crow, not half fo big; the feathers tinged with blue. Cooke's Foj. vol. ii. p. 124. Corvua^ C R O W, 3^ Conroi Canaiieiifif, Lin. Sjjt. i. p. i j8 ^P i5. CINEREOUS Lc Geay brun de Canada. Bri/, orH. ii. p. 54. N" 3. pt. 4. f. t.^Buf. cROW. oif. iii. p. 1 17.— P/. tnl. $3 v. Ciatfeotts Crow, fkiU Tranf. vol. Ixii. p. 386.— ilfMr. Zm/. K" Ltv.Muf. T ESS than our Jay: length nine inches: breadth eleven: Description. weight two ounces. Thr bill is blackilh, and not quite an inch long : irides black : the foreheid and throat are of a dirty yellowifh white : hind head and fides blackiih brown : neck whitifh : upper parts of the body brown, beneath pale alh, paleft on the bread : quills and tail brown, tipped with white : tail a little wedged : legs and claws blackilb. Male and female alike. Thefe inhabit Canada j are frequent near Hudfon's Bay^ where they are called IVhijkijibn and fVhiJkijack j breed early in the fpring, build in pine-trees, and have two, and rarely three, young at a time. The eggs are blue. They are not gregarious. Their food black -'^/V, worms, and flejb. Are very bold pilfer- ing birds, dealing from rhe traveller even fait meat, and devour often the bait from the trap,, let for the Martins, as foon as the perfons who fet them turn their oacks. Lay up (lores for win- ter, at which time they a.e fcldom fcen, unlef near habitations. They do not bear confinement well. What natural note they have we are not told, but are faid to ad the mocking bird, in imitating that of others^ Place a'^b Manner . G«ai '^'aSfw-^ 390 C R O W. 24. RED-BILLED JAY. }D£SCRXPTION. Geal de la Chine I bee rouge^ Sk/. ci/. iii. p. 1 15.-/9. aI/. 62e^ ')D Place. T ARGER than our Jay. Bill red : fore part 6f the head, the neck, and bread, velvet black : hind part of the head and neck of a light grey, mixing irregularly with the black on the fore part of the head: the body is brown abof«, and whitifh l>e- neath, with a light tinge of violet over all, which is moft confp.'- cuous on the wings, and lealc on the belly : the tail is cuneiform^, and the wings reach to about one-third of its length : each fea- ther of the wings is of three colours, viz. light violet at the bafe, black in the middle, and white at the end : the legs are red : the claws whitifh, long, and hooked, with the point bkck. Inhabits Cbina. ' CHINESE JAY. Desckiption. ■\^UCH the make of a Jay, ..id about the fame fize. The bill blueifh lead-colour: crown of the head brown: over each eye a line of white ; through the eye, and behind it, a ftreak of black : on the ears is a patch, compofed of a mixture of blueifli and white, and this is encircled with black all round, which black, at the under part defcends downwards on each fide, form- ing a crefcent on the thro.it, within which the chin is white : the upper part of the neck and body are of a rufous bloflbm-colour : fecond quills and tail brown j the laft long and cuneiform -, near the end is a band of black, and each feather tipped with a dirty white roundifli fpot : the legs lead-colour. This defcription I took from fome beautiful drawings of Chi- nefe birds, in the pofreflion of the late Br. Foihergill. Le € ROW. J9« ' ( Le Geai d« Sibj$rle, Buf, oi/. ili. p. ii8.— ?/. enl. 608. T ESS than a Jay : length ten inches. Bill one inch long, like that of a Jay, and dufky : the forehead, fides of the head, chin, and fore part of the neck, are pale, with a tinge of blue on the fides of the head, and a fliade of buff on the bread : the top of the head is brownifh black, and fomewhat crefted : body above, and wings, cinereous, verging to brown on the back : the bread, under parts of the body, and the rump, ferruginous orange: the quills cinereous: the two middle tail feathers the fame ; the others orange : the legs cinereous. Inhabits Siberia s but its manners are totally unknown. 26. SIBERIAN JAY. Description. rLACE> te Geai du Perdu, Buf. oif. iii. p. 116. N" 2* ■ „ ■ — PI. tnl. 625. npHIS is a bird of fingular beauty. The bill is dufky j the "^ bafe is furrounded with a fine blue, pafling a little behind the eye, and below it on each fide : the upper part of the body is lio-ht green, from the middle of the back to the end of the tail, fix of the middle feathers of which are of that colour ; but changes forwards by degrees to blueifli, and finifhes at the top of the head, which has a kind of white crown on it: the breaft-, belly, and three * outfide tail feathers, arc of a jonquil yellow : on the throat, and fore part of the neck, is a patch of feathers, imi- 27. PERUVIAN JAY. Cf'CRirTION. • Four in the jP/, wA tating m :.t ROW. titlng black velvet : the tail is more cuneated than that of the Siberian Joj* This bird, Buffon fays, has not yet appeared in Europe ; but he does not tell us how he came by the defcription. Le Garlui ou Geai "k ventre jaune de Cayenne, Buf, tij. iii. p. 119.—' PI. tnl, 249. z8. VELLOW- fELLIED JAY. T^HE length of this fpecies is nine inches. The bill flout, •*• like-that of a Jay, and of a dulky black : the upper parts of the head and its fides, the neck, and back, arc of a greenilh brown : on the middle of the crown is a golden yellow ftreak : over each eye is a ftreak of white, beginning at the upper mandi- ble, and pafling on each fide almoft tb the hind head : the chin is white; the reft of the under parts fine yellow, the wings and tail reddifh brown, with paler margins : the legs are flender, Ihort, and of a lead-colour. Placc. This inhabits Cayenne, ^ MAGPIE. DiSCP.IPTION. Corvus pica, Lin. Syft, i. p. 157. N® 13.— 5f«/. amn. u p. 38. N" 41.— Midi. p. 12. La Pie, Bri/. ern. ii. p. 35. N' x.^Buf. tif. iii. p. 85. pi. 7— PA inl. 488. Aelfter, Fri/cb. t. ^8.—Kram. el. p. 335. Magpye> or Pianet, Rati Syn. p. 41. A. i,—WiH. orn. p. 127. pi. j(g.— Jliin. i. pi. IS Br. Zeel. 1. N" 78.— Am. Zoel. N" Br. Mu/, Lev, Muf. 'TpHIS meafures in length above etghteen inches, and weighs ^ eight or nine ounces. The bill is black : irides hazel : the fcapulars, and all the under parts from the breaft, are white : the a reft f■T\&^.. c R o "vr. J92 rcflr of the plumage, wings, and tail, black, glofled with green, jniiple, and blue, in different lights : the eleven firft quills arc white in the middle, on the inner web, leflening by degrees as they advance inwards : the tail is very cuneiform, the two middle feather^ being near eleven inches in length, and the outmoft only five inches and a half: the legs are black. We can form no judgment of the beauties of this bird, from thofe dirty, mutilated fpecimens, which we fee expofed daily in a wicker cage, at every ftall : 'tis only in a ftate of nature that they can be found j and whoever views them in this ftate, will do fo with aftonilhment J for though the colours, at a diftant view, feem to be mere black and white, yet the fplendor that accompanies, in every new fituation, the eye of the beholder, will oblige him to own, that there is not a more beautiful bird in England, In tliefe parts it is every where common. I have been able to trace this bird no farther fouth than Italy on the European conti- nent i and to the north, Sweden and Denmark, Forjler met with it at Madeira j and it is alfo feen in America^ but not common, and is a bird of paflage in thofe parts. At Hudfon's-Bay it is called by the Indians Oue-ta-kee-ajke, which fignifies Heart-Bird i but for what reafon, I could never learn. In manners it approaches to the Crowy feeding alm.ofl on every thing in turn, both animal and vegetable j and, like that, will kill young ducks and chickens, and fuck the eggs. It builds its ncft with art, making a thorny cover at top, leaving a hole on the fide for admittance : lays fix or feven pale greenifh eggs, thickly ipotted with black. It is a crafty bird in every ftate, and, if brought up young, becomes exceedingly familiar, and will talk a great many fentences, as well as imitate every noifc within hear- ing, like a Parrot, but not near fo plain. jF. U Pr.ACFS AN! Manneks. 3^% d R a -^ 29. La Pie blanche, Sri/. cr»i ii. p. 39. A. pi. 3. f. i* Var a. MAGPIE. ^T'HIS is a mere variety of the laft, differing only in colour^ being^ wholly of a pure white. 30- BLUE CROW. Corvus cyanud, Pallat trav* vol. i. p. 694. N** 7. Description CIZE of the Rock Skrikiy With which it agrees in the loofe te»- ture of its feathers. The top of the head, as far as the nape,. is of a fhining gloffy deep black : body afli-colour, paleft be- neath : wings and tail of a moft beautiful blue •, the laft very long the feathers fhortening by degrees like thofe of a Magpie, and white at the tips. Inhabits Dauriay where it arrives in flocks m April; and has the manners of the Magpie, building ' 1 neft after the fame manner. It is a very timorous bird, and withjdl a crafty,, noify, clamorous, fpecies. Place and MaNNKB.9. 3«. AFRICAN CROW. Gorvus afcr, Lia, Syjt. i. p. 157. N° 12; ■ Senegalenfjs, Lin, Syjl. i. p. 157. N** 14. La Pie du Senegal, Brif. orn. ii. p. 40. N° 2. pi. j. f. 2,—-Biif. oi/ iii. p. 97. — PI. enl. 538. Dhscription. T ENGTH fourteen inches: fize of our Magpie. Bill near an inch and a half long, and black : general colour of the plumage violet black above, and duflcy black beneath : the quillS and tail feathers are brown, with violet black edges : the tail cu- a. neaied,- CROW. neated, fhorter than in our Magpie, the outer featlier only fow incher. in length : legs black. Inhabits Senegal, ^■)V Place* Le Rollicr des Antilles, Brif. orn. ii. p. f . N* 6. La Pie des Antilles, Buf. oif. iii. p. loi. 129. Pica Perfica Aldrov. Rati Sjit. p. 4. N*- 6 ? Antillarum, ■ p. 152, 32- CARlBBFw\H CROW. CIZE of a Magpie. The bill is red: the head and neck blue; Dcscriptiow, the laft furrounded with a white collar : from the top of the head, beginning at the ' 'e of the bill, and paffing behind the neck quite to the back, is white mark, one inch in breadth, and three in length, tranfverfely barred with black : the back and Ca- pillars are ferruginous: rump and upper tail coverts yellow: un- der parts of the body white: the leffer coverts of the wings cheftnut ; the middle ones green, with deeper edges : the greater coverts blue, with whitiOi edges and (hafts : quills blue green : the tail is long and cuneated ; the two middle feathers longer than thofe of the jutfide by eight or ten inches ; the colour blue, ftriated with white : the legs are red. The female differs, in wanting the tranfverle ftripes on the Kemals* white mark at the back part of the head; and having the wing coverts green, where they are blue in the male. , It is faid to inhabit the Antilles^ and to be common about the Tlaci.' rivers of Guadal, 'pe. This is defcribed from dii Terti-e *. That of AldrovanduSj which he defcribes from a painting, had a whitifh • Hijl^ det Antillts, ii. p. 258. fig, in p. 246. N" 6. 3 £ 2 bill, ?^>' 39^ CROW. bill, white irides, blueifli legs, and the fccondary quills, rump, and bafe of the tail, yellow ♦. I cannot therefore fuppofc them to be the fame bird, though BriJ/bn has fo placed them in his fy* nonyms. 33« AFRICAN CROW. DESCRIPTtONt Place. Lt'V, Mh/. J^ENGTH one foot ten inches. Bill red : the head and neck of a dark purple j the firft fomewhat crefted; each feather tipped with grey, as far as the hind head: back brown: belly dirty pale afh-colour : quills blueilh on the outer edges: tail much cuneated ; the two middle feathers are twelve inches long, the outer ones Ihort j all of them tipped with white : the legs are red. This fpecies is faid to come from Africa^ and appears to have much fimilarity with the laft defcribed, if not the fame bird; wanting, however, in one part of the defcrlption, that the rump is not yellow* 34' MEXICAN CROW. Deickiption. La grande Pie du Mexique, Brif. orn. a, p. 43. N" 4. L'Hocifana,^«/'. oif. iii. p. 103. Hoitzanatl, Raii Syn. p. 162. Criard, Perntttj Foj. aux Malouints, vol. 1. p. 185. C IZE of a Jackdaw. Bill black : the plumage wholly blue black : legs and claws black ; the laft very long. • This feejns to be the black oKtl jelkv) Oriole ? ii Inhabit* ■].:^im^t^ i-.-tfacPi'-**-^^. , c R o Mr. Inhabits Mexicc, Said to be perpetually chattering, with t ftrong and founding voice, and frequents the neighbourhood of cities *, Surinam Daw, Sr«wn*s illufl. t. lO. J97 Pz.ACB. 35' SURINAM CROW. CIZE ef a common Crow. Bill duflcy : head deep green ; hind DascArpTior*. part rich blue j beneath that pale green j beneath each ear, and on the hind part of the neck, a fpot of the fame : neck, breaft, belly, back, and wing coverts, deep changeable green : prime quills dufky; ends rich blue: tail dufky : legs flefh- colour. Inhabits Surinam. In the colledion of M. Tunfial, Efq. The fpecimen had loft its tail. Place. M La petite Pie du Mexique, Brt/. em. ii. p. 44. N° 5. Le Zanoe, Buf. oif. iii. p. 106. Tzanahoei, feu Pica Mexic. Hernand. Rail Syn. p. 162. 36. LESSER MEXICAN CROW. ClZE of our Magpie. Bill black: the body is covered with DescRiPTioif. blackifh feathers : head and neck incline to fulvous : tail very long : legs and claws black. Inhabits Mexicoy where it is faid to have all the manners of the Place. Magpie, as well as cunning ; learning to talk like that bird -, and adds, that its natural cry is not unlike that of a Starling. • Thefe muft be the Criards which Pernetty talks of at the iflc of St. Catha- rlnt, on the coaft of Brafil, whofe plumage was of a fine light blue. They were, fays he, the common Crow of the country, and are like it in fliape ; buc are not a bit better to eat. Corvus m /J- 19? ROW. 17- SHORT- TAILED CROW. Corvui brachyurui, Lin. Syft. i. p. 158. N* 15. Le Merle verd des Moluques, Bri/. orn. ii, p. 316. N" 56. pi. 32. f. 1 Breve de Bengale, Buf. oif. iii. p. 414. Merle de Bengale, PL enl. 258. T>EscRirTioji. CIZE of a Blackbird: length feven inches. Bill grey brown: corners of the mouth orange : irides whitifli : head and throat black : over the eye a fulvous ftripe, from the noftrils to the hind head : hind part of the neck, the back, and fcapulars, fine green : throat, neck, breafl-, belly, fides, and thighs, fulvous : under the wings black : lefler wing coverts fliining blue green j greater ones the fame as the back : quills black ; on the fix firft a white fpot about the middle : tail not above an inch in length, black, tipped with green : legs long, orange : claws dirty red. 1'lace. Inhabits the Molucca IJles, yj, Le Merle a tete noire des Moluques, Brif. orn. ii. p. 319. N" 57. pi. 32, f. 2. Var. a. Breve des Philippines, Buf. oif. iii. p. 413. N* i. Merle des Philippines, PL enl. 89. Description. CIZE lefs than the laft : length fix inches and a quarter* Bill brown : head, throat, and neck, black : back and fcapulars deep green : breaft, upper part of the belly, and fides, paler green : lower part of the belly black, tipped with rofe-colour : under tail coverts rofe-colour : rump, upper tail coverts, and upper wing coverts, fhining blue green : quills black at the bafe, then white, terminated with black brown : leflfer quills blackilh, with the inner webs tipped with green, and fome quite green : tail black : legs light brown. Place, Inhabits the Molucca IJleSt with the laft. La ..V* C R W- S99' La Breve. Su/.»i/. iii. p. 413- N' 2. Madras Jay, Rati Sy». p. 195. N" 12. t. I. N» lOi Bengal Quail, y#/i«i. vol. i pl^ 3>' Short-tailed Pye, £<^w. pi. 324- CIZE of the Others. The bill is brownifh flefli-colour : the head is not black, as in the laft, but only three bands of that co- lour J one of which begins at the bafe of the upper mandible, paffing over the crown of the head, and down the neck, quite to the back j and one on each fide of the head, beginning at the cor- ner of the mouth, and paffing under the eye, down the fides of the neck, to the back : above the eye is a ftripe of orange brown ; through the eye a white line, and another of white under the black line on the fides of the neck ; fo that the fucceffion of co- lours on each fide, beginning from the black at the top, is orange brown, white, black, and again white : the back and wing coverts are green : tail coverts and lefler wing coverts blue green : quills and tail black i the firft white in the middle, tipped with yellowifti j the fecond with green : all beneath, from the throat to the tail, is buff-colour j reddifli near the ve^t : legs- reddilh yellow. Inhabits Ceyktii in the Eafi Indies^. 5T- Var. B. Descriptic...- Placf-, Breve de Madagafcar, Suf. oif. iii. p. 4Ji4' N° 4* Merle des Moluques, Ft. tnl. 257. ^7- Var.C. rpHE head ofthis variety is ftiU different from the others. The Descriftion.. top is blackilh brown, with x little yellow on the back part and .^ 4«# c K o vr. and fides 5 this is boi3!ided by a crefcent of black, which en- circles the neck behind ; there are alfo two bands of the fame colour, which pafiing beneath the eyes, terminate at the corners of the mouth : the tail tipped with blue green ; the wings, as in variety A : the breaft white and yellow ; and under the body yellow brown. 33. Corvt^ caryocataftes, Lin Syft. i. p. 157. N" 10,— -Scof. aniu i. p. 37. NUT- N"40.— Ar«/^r, p. 12. CRACKER. j^g ^^^g jjjjj^^ ^^.y. ^^^ .-^ p ^^^ j^o ,^ pi^ j^ f^ 1.— ^a/. ei/. iu. p. izz. pi. ^.'-PI. enl. 50. Tannen-Heher, &c. Frlfch. t. 56. Waldftarl. Steinheher, Kram, el. p. 334. Caryocataf;es, Rait Syn. p. 42. — Will. eru. p. 132. pi. 20. , Nutcracker, Edw. pi. 240. — Br. Zed. ii. app. p. 625. pi. ^,—Am. Z«ol. £r, M"/, Lev. Muf. ©KscRivTioN. CIZE of a Magpie: length thirteen inches. The bill nearly ftrait, about two inches in length, and black : irides hazel : the feathers which fall over the noftrils bordered with brown : upper part of the head, and nape of the neck, black : the general colour of the plumage rufly brown, marked with triangular white fpots, which are largeft on the under parts : the vent white : quills and tail black \ the laft tipped with white : legs black. Flaces. We find thefe birds fcattered in many parts of EuropCy but no where fo plenty as in Germany, they are found alfo in Sweden and J)enmarky where they frequent the mountainous parts j fometimes com^ in vaft flocks into France^ efpecially Burgundy, vifit Eng- knd very fcldoni, not more than twice that I have heard of j once mentioned C R O W. mentioned in the Britijh Zoology to have been (hot in FUntJhtr^t and another time in Kentt a mutilated Ikin of which is now in the houfe of an acquaintance of mine. I am informed that they are alfo in North America^ but not near the fea-coafts. One has been broujjht from Kamtfchatka by the late voyagers. In manners it is faid greatly to refemble the Jay, laying up a (lore of acorns and nuts. In fome parts keep chiefly in the pine forefts*, on the kernels of which it then feeds j but faid fre- quently to pierce the trees like the Woodpecker, for which the bill feems not unapt : makes its neft in holes of trees. Klein men- tions two varieties, one fmaller than the other ; the largeflr, he fays, breaks the nuts to pieces, and the other pierces them. Both feed at times on wild berries and infefts. 401 Mamni'&$. Corvus graculus, Lin. Syfl, i. p. 158. N" 18. Gracula pyrrhocorax, Scof. ann. i. p. 42. N" 46. Moncdula pyrrhocorax, Hajpilq. It. p. 238- N° 19. Lc Coracias, Brif. trn. ii. p. 2- pl» I- (• »• — B"f.atf. iii. p. I. pi. |.— « Fl. tnl. 255. Cornifli Chough, Rati Sjn. p. 40. A. (t.—Will. ont. p. 126. pi. I9«-- Mbin, u. pi. z^.-~Borla/t. Ccrmu. p. 249. pi. 24. Red-legged Crow, Br. Zool. i. N" 80. Br. Muf. Lev. Muf. .19- 4- RED. LEGGED CROW. CIZE of a Jackdaw : length nearly fixteen inches. The bill Description. above two inches long, much curved, fharp at the tip, and of the colour of red fealing-wax : the irides have two circles, the outer rcddilh, the inner grey : the eye-lids red : the plumage * Called by fome PU it Sapi/n. 3F wholly y.v 402 PtACK. Manners. C R O W. wholly of a purplifh black : the legs red, like the bill : the claws large, hooked, and black. This bird is pretty common in fome parts of the Englijh coafts, particularly the weftern, in Devon/hire and Cornwall , and again on many parts of the coafts o( Wales and Scotland i in Kent like- wife, among the cliffs of Dover j a few are met with, which is faid to have happened by accident, from a pair of birds lent as a prefcnt from the weft having efcaped to the cliffs, and bred there. Befides Englandj it is met with in the Alps and in Carinthia *, Haffelquifi f mentions its coming into Egyp towards the end of the inundations of the iV/7f, in the months of September and O^e- her. It is met with alfo in Perfia J, and the ifland of Candia ||. We are not certain in what parts befides, as moft writers are filent about it. It affe^ls to build in rocky places every where, laying four or five white eggs fpotted with yellow. Scopoli fays, that at the latter hay-time they come down in the low meadows by hun- dreds, devouring the locufts, and are fond o^ juniper-berries : are a reftlefs, clamorous bird : greedy, fnatching food one from an- other : fear neither dog nor wolf: if one is killed, and a hat thrown up in the fame place, it will recal the reft to their deftruc- tion. Flies in circles. Some in autumn acquire black legs. When in Egypt faid to feed on a kind of Blatta. With us it imitates the Jackdaw in manners j thievifli, fond of glitter, and even dangerous to keep tame, as it has been known to catch up lighted fticks, whereby houfes have been fet on fire. • Seepoli. t ^f't' P- 238. X At Jerem, the bills and feet (of the Crows) arc as red as vermilion. Frycr^sTra'v. p. 318. )| BtloH Ob/tfv, p< I7» 6 SIZE / R O W. CIZE of a Miffel-thrufli : length eleven inches. The bill is an inch and a half long, curved the whole length ; very like that of the red-legged Crow, or laft fpecies, and imitating it even in colour, being mofl: like Hne red fealing-wax : the nodrils covered with black brifUes reflefted over them : the head, upper parts of the body, wings, and tail, are black j the laft rounded at the end: the wing coverts are mottled with white: the under parts of the body are afh-colour: the legs dufky : claws black. Suppofed to inhabit Cayenne, as it was fhcwn me among fome others from that place. 403 40. CAYKNNK RED-BlLLEi:) CROW. DlscRirTIo^. Flack. Corvus eremita, Liii.SyJl. i. p. 159. N" 19, HFRMIT Le Coracias hupe, Brif. orn. ii. p. 6. N' 2. CROW. • .^__^— ou le Sonneur, Buf, oif. iii. p. 9. Gefner's Wood Crow, Will. orn. p. 396. Wood Crow from Switzerland, Albin. iii. pi. 16. CIZE of a Hen. The bill long, pointed, bent, and of a red co- Description. lour : the head is crefted, of a dufky yellow, with ftreaks of red : the whole plumage is black, with a glofs of green : the tail is rather Ihort : the legs of a deep red. From the name one would fuppofe thefc birds to be moft com- mon in Switzerland^ which is really the cafe, where they are called Waldrapp and Steinrapp, Like the laft, build in rocks, towers, and old ruined edifices. They fly very high> and are gre- garious and migratory; arrive at Zurich with the Storks^ the be- ginning of y^prU. The females lay two or three eggs, and the young arc able to fly about the beginning of Jwu; if r^k(*n 3 F 2 young. •- -*■ mmmmmfiK: > Jt r 404 CROW* young, are eafily made tame, and are efteemcd good eating. They are alfo found on all the high mountains of Italy, StirL Switzerland, Bavaria, and the rocks on the borders of the D^- mbe. It ,s faid that neither the young nor the very old birds have the creft, whence they have been called Bald Crows, Buffon wonders why M. Barrere (hov\d call this a fpecies of Curlew j but could he have feen either Albin's figure, or fuch another, the head would have led him to think fo, for it feems quite naked of fca^ thers, fimilar to the baldeft fpecies of Ibis. t| I University of British Columbia Library DUE — 1 — 4. iH i — I DATE 1 - i G E N Ui .^ J \ FORM 3IO * V 1 WOODWARD LIBRARY University of British Columbia Vancouver 8, Br C. Canada i. i V. 'f^^mr^M^w^ ^^■^x