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LIBRARY „.V ... <*.-/.' *.L< # • . *f* ^ .H»' ^F *• . f ^^W » i » • i 1,' - * ^*\ ^ • •i^; *'. . \ •« ' f ^4\ ^ ** r f ■. -«■ ft \ <• *_ a; ^*'»..' f! •5', . .'^ ' ,'• < \ f '^ » ^% , / . ' «.'. * J ' " *. ^4 %.• , < ► 4 • J m* ■ 'r * 789 YONGE 'TORONTO M4W 2G8 AIES irs,^- I,. >\ U I' ■♦it; \.- "SO NEAR, AND YET SO FAR. fi 4'* UNiTEDLSiiTil Afe Canada :a' siPEEoxa: OIF" Sir Richard CartWAIght.K.C.M.G. AT THE ANNUAL KANQUET OF THE '. Board of Trade and Transportation r ; - of Nev/ Yo^k, DELMONICO'S, FEBRUARY 21, 1890. >4-<- •^ ,,»■. Jk. \. NEW lOEK: Printed for^ Erastus Wiman, 314 BR,OA.ID"W7">V.Tr. 3^, P ' '■' g.."- M'"lrrV-i III .TjiT' ' "*" " "TT *< '!* 3XTi..;4;:ii iw" ' — -^B ] « ; CLOSER TRADE RELATI0:NS BETWEEN Canada and United States At tlie Ainiiial Jianquet of the New York Board of Trade and Transportation, held at Dehnonico\s on Fifth Avenue, New York, on the evening of February 21sty 1890^ among tlie toasts to be responded to was ^^ Closer Trade Kelations betw^etni th<^ United States and Canada." Mr. F. B. Thurber, acting as Toast-master on the o<*- casion, said that it gave him great gratitication to intro- duce, as (me of the i)rincipal guests of the evening, Sir Richard Cartwright, a member of the Dominion House of Commons, who, perhaps, of all men on the continent, was best entitled to si)eak on behalf of Canada in relation to the sentiment of the toast. So far as fiscal affairs were concerned, Sir Richard, ag the Finance Minister of the late Liberal (iovernment, was the leader of Her Majesty's ()p- position ill the Parliamont of ('jiiiada, wliilc, before the people of the Doininiou to-day, he was the (exponent and uWest advo(;ate of the pi'iuciphi of tlie <*h)sest ( /oinmereial Itelatioiis between the two eoniitries. As the existinj>' Tory Governnient of Ottawa liad pursued a l>oliey dianietrieally opposite to eidarged eonnnereial transaetions witli the United States, and as the Liberal l*arty had adopted as its chief platform the policy of the obliteration of all barriers to trade between the two countries, the strugj»ie l>etween the two i)arties for su])reniacy at the fortheondng- j»eneral Parliamentary election possessed great interest to those who would like to see our commerce obtain the widest extension. The guest of the evening, as the prac- tical leader of the Liberal Party on all trade matters aifecting the (Ireater Half of the (Continent, was therefore most welcome — (great applause) — and what he had to say to them would be regarded as possessing more than the usual significance, as indicating w hat might be the future policy which should dominate the vast regions to the North. A gentleman who, by his parliamentary and ad- ministrative triumphs, had won a recognition from Her Majesty of a Knighthood, and who at the same tiiiie was the representative of a party wdio sought to admit to forty per cent, of Her Majesty's Empire American Goods free of duty, was an embassador that the Board of Trade and Transportation woidd most heartily welcome, and ho had therefore unusual gratification *in presenting him to their hearty good good will. ,-i ■ >ti I Sir Itic'HAiii) CAiiTWKKiHT, Oil risiiig", was received witli loud applause, aud after a few ]>reliiniiiary remarks pro- (H^eded as follows : 1 entirely agree with the j^eutleinau who proposed this toast, in thinking that it is high time, and more than time, that Canada and Urn United States should come closer together. It is no paradox, but the simple truth, that there never were two ccmntries so peculiarly situated towards each other, which are at once so near and yet so far; so easily accessible, and yet, in some important respects, knowing so li Je of each other — having so many things in common, alik* substantially in race, in language, in religion, in laws, in customs, and in form of govern- ment, and yet kept so far apart by i)urely artificial barriers. Mr. (Chairman, it is almost a blot on our civili- zation that this should be so, and it is no wonder that the question often arises — is there any good reason why this state of things should be perpetual ? Why cannot we call a truce to the sort of commercial war on this continent, whitdi is the effect of two mutually hostile tariffs! (Applause.) It has appeared to some of your own public men, as it has also ap])eared to me, that it were w ell those hostilities were ended, and that it Avould be greatly to our mutual {id vantage, if perfectly unrestricted trade relations between us could be brought about. XoT A One-sided Barciain. We in Canada hold a vast area of territory — as large, I believe, as the area of the United States ; and despite all drawbacks, capable of sustaining a population as numer- ous as that of the United States is to-day. We have im- <) iiieiise stores of niw material of various kinds, m\u']\ of whicli Avoiild be very useful to you, {iiid the due devc^loj)- uieiit and transportation of which wouhl aftbrd a wide and profttaWe field for the use of capital. We have vast breadths of fertile land, and important lines of transit runnin|»: through your territory, and likely to be of great service to several important sectioses, reciprocity witli Canada, on such terms as I propose it, would equal, for commercial objects, doubling: the entire tier of l*^orthern States from New England to Oregon. 2iibw, what does that mean ? Tt means this. If your own economists are to be relied on, your Inter-State trade has assumed proportions vastly greater than your foreign trade. If I am not misinformed, your total exports and imports rang'^. from Fourteen to Fifteen Hundred Millions per annum, but your Inter-State trade is computed to amount to the almost fabulous ilgure of Ten Thousand Millions, or even more. Of the exact accuracj' of these figures, of course, I cannot judge, but of the inunense volume of the transactions between State and State, there can be no doubt, and, as little in my mind, knowing what I do of the resources of Canada, that were these mischievous impediments to the natural course of busi- ness quite got rid of, you would see precisely the same results as you now see between sections of your own country, and that in a very few years your trade with Canada would treble and quadruple — would increase by leaps and bounds, till it became a close second, if, indeed. ,1 \ # ^ rx >|i^t'«'ii ,1 it were si sei'Oiul, to your preficut trtulti with Enghiiul, Avlio is, as you know, by very far the hirgest of your customers. (Applause). What auk the ( )iJSTA('LKfurely and absolntely volnntary. West of the K.ival Station of Halifax, there is not to-day one single British soldier throughout the length and breadth of the Dominion, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, and British statesmen of all ranks have been even ostentatious in i)roclaiming that Canada is entirely mistress of her own destinies. The second is, that although, from the early part of this ot Alone Moves. Sir, great is the almighty dollar, no doubt. Saints and sinners, parsons and politicians, alike know this, and I am in no wise disposed to deny it. But after all, there are other considerations to be taken into accoiuit in questions whicli affect the life or honor of a nation. Mr. Obairman, I am speaking to citizens of a nation which is alleged by its critics to be as devoted to the worship of the golden calf as most others, and yet, sir, it is scarce twenty-live years since this same nation, when its national existence was menaced, showed, as no other people within tliis century have shown, that in such a cause the people of the TTnited States could lavish blood and treasure without stint and without grudge — aye, and reward the survivors ot that fierce I 11 i' sti'uggle witli a luuniftceiice wlilcli puts to shame all the generosity whieh kings or princes have ever shown to those who served them in their need, ((xreat applause.) I have neither the power nor the wish to indulge in prophesy. Xo man knows what may hapi)en even in the near future, but I do venture to say, that if Canada and the United States are to be united together, other questions and other considerations must come into play than that of ampler and freer trade relations between th(» two countries, important as 1 believe it to be in many ways. Dealing on iU:siNEss IVrinciples. For the present, Mr. Chairman, I think this matter had best be dealt with on business principles, and on its merits. I^et statesmen on both sides consider it on that basis. If it be found (as I fully believe it will) to be for our mutual advantage, let us have it, and if not, not ; though I for one will continue even then to think that we are standing in our own light, and that in truth and in fact, if we come to know each other better, we will soon find a way to agiee. (Cheers.) What is most needed, after all, is to bring the two coun- tries more directly into contact. There is no reason 1 shcmld not say here to you what I have not hesitated to say on tlie tloor of the Canadian Parliament, or in the chambers of English ministers of state, that it is time, and much inore than time, that these old-world barriers and tedious relics of the Circumlocution Office which are now interposed between Canada and the TTnited States should be swept away. I take your Government as T have found it during my own five years' tenure of office. 113 and 1 liavo never hesitated to assure my countrymen tliat, while there might likely enough be bickerings and mis- understandings, which the present system of referring every trifling cause of grievance trom pillar to i)ost — from Washingtou to the Court of St. James, from St. James to Ottawa, from Ottawa to St. James, and so back to Wash- ington — was permitted to endure ; yet were we once iu a position to deal directly, we woidd tind the United States not only a great iiatiou but a generous nation, and quite ready, if i^roperly iippealed to, to deal ftiirly with us, if we on our side were prepared to deal fairly with them. (Great applause.) It is for these reasons, among others, that I have advocated the necessity for (Canada to obtain the power of negotiating her own commercial treaties, and of being directly represented at Washington in some form or other, as well as the expedience of entering into closer trade relations with the United States. A Mutual Advantage. And now, gentlemen, in conclusion let me say that Avhile I am well aware this matter is of necessity of more import- ance to us than to you, inasmuch as the trade of sixty- five millions is of more moment to live millions, than the trade of live millions can be to sixty-five millions, yet I believe that, man for nmn, quite as many of your citizens will profit by a free interchange of commodities as ours can do. Be that as it may, you may rest assured that when I say, that the i)rosperity and welfare of the i>eople of the United States are desired by us (next only to the welfare of the i)eople of Canada), I use no words of empty compliment. It is not merely that your prosperity is almost essential to that of ('anada, but so close is the I 13 coniioction between us, that in many distriets ')f Canada, there is scarcely one sinj;le family to be found, which has not a near kinsman in some portion of the United States, till it has come to this, that I believe one man in four, if not one man in three, of the whole adult male popu- lation of (^.anada, born within the last fifty years, are to-day citizens of the United States. Sir, if blood be thicker than water, no man can doubt that Canadians nuist wish well to a country w^hich has aft'orded a home to so many of the most enterprising and intelligent of our people. Trade or no trade, we cannot help being kinsfolk, and I hope we cannot help being friends. (Loud cheers). At the conclusion of Sir Richard's speech, the proposal to elect him an honorary member of the Board of Trade and Transportation, >\;as adopted by the whole audience on a standing vote, and amid enthusiastic cheers. hm