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^-- rT^ . . . -- ^Z ./I 
 
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 W 1 
 
 TW^O T^TilTTIilRS 
 
 To TIIK 
 
 LORD BISHOP OF ONTARIO 
 
 (>s TIIK urnsTiox 
 
 I. 
 
 IS LAY BAPTISM VALID? 
 
 — BY— 
 
 C'lIARLKS FOr.KST, M.A., 
 
 PHINTPI) nv THE CITIZF;. PR1\TIS0 and prBMSlllNfi rOMPANY, SPAHK* 8TREKT. 
 
 1870. 
 
To tin' Iv'jlit Jicnrnul the Lord Hiahnp of Ondtrio 
 
 Mr Loim, — Ol'lcn a« the msisuii for cDiifuiiialiou conii's round, s( rioiin doulits 
 mis-' ns to tli'.> liiiptisiiinl i|iiiilifi'iilii»ii of c-it;!!!! cainlidiiti-s for that solemn rite. 
 I'dsuiis jircscnt thomsclvcs of wliom, us tourhiui,' their haptisni, it is iinpossil)le 
 to say that "all has \>i'vu well done and aciordinK to du" order," in.isiun h as the 
 asjL'iRv, hy whieli it wiis allenn! to he adiuiiiistered, was nn( a ''lair/uf" <>ni> ; 
 and DO ir./i'Tctit or I" n red riff /if i>xist<'d in tho agent, to ■' ."ii/ii miJ .viif/or C'hrhl .''^ 
 
 With some, if sueh there li". wlio regard Laptism as little umre than a c</'- 
 w»/«//, (IS simply x passport to <'xternal Clmreli fellowbhip, these doiilits may not 
 lie oppressive ; Imt to those who re;:ar<I it purely ns nSurrdiiirnt — a (h'e[»ly solemn 
 eovenaut ai t, involving spiritii'il issues, and ohligations hinding on hoth eoii- 
 Ira'ting parties, — the hurdon of doid)t is verii ipifrntix indeed. 
 
 Both reason and ronsciiMx e I'orhid the helief, on their part, tiiat in<ltliiiiten(>ss 
 as to the truth involved, or ahsoluto lieensc as to the means of realizing tiiat 
 truth, can possihiy characterize the economy of Christ. On the contrary, thev 
 lirnily hold that the dispensation of "the manifold wisd(un of (Jod," — and siu'ely 
 till! sai.nimenls lind place here I — has heen given to '• the Chunh" (Kph. ii. :t, lOj 
 and that, apart from this divinely instituted organiaiition ami ministry, theyliave 
 no warrant for assuming that (Jnd will co-ojierate with man in rendering availahle 
 the wonders of His grace. 
 
 'J'lie tjuestion thi'ii arisi s, has the "Chunh" in her ./'"// '(///-(nf/r iiipacity 
 rver given autli<Mity for the pra'tice of lay-baptism '.' Can any (Jeti/'ral Co'oirif 
 of the Church, /.'•., which is properly received as such, he quoted as Justifying it ? 
 — or any Ecclesiastical action, pri(U' to that taken, on a wrong liasis, hy tlie 
 Ciiurcii of Home, l)e jileach'd in Tindioation of the theory, "all men, ayr, or 
 women, may haptizo?" If not, on what grounds are such unauthorized acts 
 reiugnizcd ? In how far can we honestly he parties to the suppositiiui, that grai e 
 — as yet unreceived in the divinely appointed way — (an he recognized atid 
 strenglhoned in the sul'sc(|Uent ordinanc' of conlirmatiou. .'//•« uniiiillii cjiijinn 
 ih'U Khicli exisif, not that, the existence of wliich they doulit. 
 
 Tlie rehaptiza'ion of lierelicH in early days, and, in one instance, the occur- 
 rcuce of ii lay-baptism, (.\.l>. liiCi), have served, with many, to ein'ourage a laxity 
 of thought as to this sidij'rt. It will be tin- purpose of these letters lairlv |i« 
 discuss the merits of thi'se exceptional cases, and — so far as may In — to set forth 
 the preseiit position of the Chunli of Enjjhind on this important matter. 
 
4 
 
 I liogin with tin' rxcjifioiiHl cnsrs— 
 
 i'l) 'I'Ik' f-HHc of hcitfif^il Hiiptism, 
 
 Tlio ii;,'ht ti> iiiiiiiKtoi- in iJivinc (liiim.> was, liy tlic ciiily ( Imn li, (',7, /,//).'. 
 /M/.' Efixtlfx, jiiif>:im), lii'lfl to r(iii>ist not in imtkoiihI, Imt in iiiiihorilniirr (|u:tliti- 
 ijitioii for till" ininistcriiij oiti .o. It was liasod exclusively on (lie .l/>oft»liciil Com- 
 mir^ini). It was considered iji.ii tiiilli and piety. altlioii^^li re<|iiiri(l nlall wliononld 
 obtain, tliioiiuh Ciirist. •;rae' and l)lessin,u ficni (lud, did not of ilieniselves engine 
 MiiiiMn-ial autlioiity : else every Christian man woidd, hy his very Christianity, 
 lie also (as to all oflii iai n<(s) a Priest of the Clnirch : hut that his commii'^'iin. 
 duly derived from those qnalifled to impart \i, Ji,l r<i„rri/ n iii/ht ol nt}irc and 
 ipialify the recipient for the disrhari^e of e'liy duty, whirli projx'riy fell \\ilhiii 
 the compass of that olliee. 
 
 Xow, tin' her;'tics, above refei red to, were not l,M\ni'n, but ///.v//<.y»,'-\ fnf- ■-'.■> 
 an<l tkacoii.; men who liad indeed lapsed into various d(j.Mees of error, and had, in 
 some instances, seriously corrupted "the faith." but who. u' vertlieless, could claim 
 and prove their right, tlin'U-h Kjiiseopal < on<''( ration nr oKiitiiitinn. to a part in 
 tlie Apostolic Ministry. 
 
 I mention this, because piissa;^e.s ar^' ofd 11 c|u<'|ed from the contiovi rsie." c 
 that early day, which forbid re-baptization : but wiui h, in fa<t, liavn nothing' to 
 do with tlie riuostion of Lay-baptism. Tliis may lir made clen by the follow in,' 
 syiloyistlc argument of S. Basil : — 
 
 '• I . Those wlioin a Laic bapti/.etb are to be re-I>aptizf'<I : 
 •J. Ibit, tiiose wh(uu a lleretick bai>li/,etli, a Laic baiiti/eth ; 
 .'J. Therefore. sikIi also arc to be re-liaptizetl." 
 
 Tills l-yllogi.-m was met by Jrni/im/ lli" minor pro|iosition : f.ij. — I'apli>m \<\- 
 Jlereticks is not Lay-bajitism, inasmuch as there' exists in them the (jualificatinn 
 of orders : — therefore Baptism by HniolickK, thus qnalifiod. Is not to b;- itcratol. 
 (l/icroiu Hill, adirr. I.ucif.) 
 
 (/<) '1 he next exceptional 1 asc is that which involves ISaptism as adminis- 
 tered by liaics, in communion with the Cluiri h, and ncting (in oases of )irrfFsihi) 
 und'T warrant or nanr/imi oflh''ir /lit/iofhi . 
 
 How far bishops, wlm — under Christ — aie (be sdiirce of all letfitMnate aiitho- 
 lity and action to the (.'hiircli, in Divine thini^Sj can act virtiriowhi, is a (luestion 
 peiliaps not easy to determine. Nor is it ueccs.sary to our armiment that it 
 >liouliI be here discussed. It is enough if we i)rove that in the solitaiy instance 
 (>o far as we can find) in which Lay-baptism is formally recognized in primitive 
 ilays, its ctticacy is male dependent — not on the good will, faitli or any other 
 inherent quality in the baptizer, but — on the .tonriio/i and nv'horlly of the Jiishoii." . 
 
 P.v that spe.ial saintion the Bishops assumed that it became ^Ae/r act . It 
 was, in intent, an exteitsion, under peculiar circumstances and to a s|iecilie enil, 
 of their oltitial powtrs. And, by consequence, cannot be pleaded in jiistitieatioii 
 of acts which are pevformrd not otihj without E]iisco|iaI license, Iml in open htianr'' 
 0/ it. 
 
 The instance to whi< h we refer is that aflbidcd by the Council of Kliberis, 
 Spain, A. D. .".(i."). [n its ;',8th Canon, it says, '•' A Christian who innofiinJ'r 
 prnaiice, nor a bigamist, may baptize, in case oi ncc'iiiiili/, those who are on (ijoiintn/, 
 being at a great distance from II church, upon condition that he present him lo 
 the Bishoj), if ho survive lo 1 e prr/vdeJ, by imposition of hands."' 
 
 1 
 
7//". 
 
 lifi- 
 'o/ii. 
 <i\Ul 
 
 •lllc 
 
 lily, 
 
 'II. 
 
 Mill 
 
 liiii 
 
 It niiiy Ik- rciuiukcd licrf : li*t 'I'lial tliifi luk- is jiun-Iy a Pioviiiriul onp, and 
 a« sue li ii''voi- liati, or c ouhl Iiavc, force lii'yoml tlic iiniiicdiati' )nriK(li<tion of tb" 
 |iif(lii>)is wlio fiinctcd it : Jud that, if it availcdat ail (wliicii iKquestionai)!*') it roiild 
 avail only to tliose wlio wore "Christians" in due and approval communiou with 
 I III- Cliiurh — ["/(«< //«'//'/• fifnancf, «Jv?.''J ; .'!rd that it is altogctlior exceptional in 
 Its iMoviisions and cannot extend beyond tliem ; 4th that its Kanction involves 
 Miliinission to Kpiscopal antliority both as to the aet itself of baptizinj;. and as 
 to til'' alter picscatntinii of the iMiptized tor confirmation by the Ititfhop. . 
 
 I may, perhaps, In- pardoned if a reninrk be introduced h«re on Hie word 
 '• /"-r/irt'il," as used in the above (,'anon . 
 
 It has been tlioutjht by Home to imply that wli'il muy louf h-i-n I'lrkiu,'/ 
 ov inijirojifrly tfunr, in the act of Baptism, might (on the strength of this word) be 
 siijiplemented and tiuKfe good by the/urtln-r act of conllrmatimi , This wr8 not tl.«' 
 meaniiig of the anciint Church ! They m< ant wliat the Cl""rcli mians now, what 
 the apostles meant in the case of the baptized in Samaria, viz : — that Haptism 
 liad not received the fulness of its blessing ; until the apostcdic grace had be<-n 
 superadded to the earlier grace of '< new birth " ; until the seven-fold gift oj tlf 
 Spirit had been sealed to them, strengthening and establishing them in their now 
 freshly oonsecrated life ; and (as to the general lK)dyofthe faithful), uwtW erid'-nrr, 
 ;jii:-:ii hiifun: (lie. /liy/iest nj)irer of /If Clmrcli, warianted their admission lo those 
 higher privileges which, in truth, constitute the greatest, because heuvuht^ vichrs 
 of Christ's peopb'. 
 
 Ill all this, however, we liiid iiu warrant lor Lay-baptism in its inili.--crimi • 
 n it'' or modern f'lrm. 
 
 1 puss by those casi'sof .Mimii- IJaptisms, '•../., that liy Atbaiiasiiis when a cliil'l 
 at play, as jjiveu by Sozoimn (AVc. IHk. lib. 2) from licnr-sui/ ; and that of th>' 
 llistrioiuc players at Ahxandria, as recorded by Vossius {le Jtapti.'m. diup, '2f. 
 W'f set aside also the decisions of the many councils which, during the Cyprianic 
 ( ontroversy, took action against Heretics and Schismatics, — for tin' presumption 
 holds good that these possessed the grace of orders. 
 
 As bearing immediately upon the point at issue, f iiuote tin' following 
 authorities : — 
 
 The Third Council <jf Carthage, A . D. .'V.'.'^, Canon loo. Nay,< ; •' A woman 
 '' ought not to take upon her to baptixe." 
 
 S. Chrysostojn, (Lib 3. di' '■•-?. e. 6) says that Haptism can hr "no inoris 
 '• a-lministcred by a Loir than tlic I'Jucliarist ;. , .all these arc things which (an be 
 '• administered by no otli'r luiii /.", but by those gar red hands nlunrj the hands, I say, 
 '•of the rriest." 
 
 S. Uasil, Bishop of C> i, A.I). ;)'i!,t. ••Those whom a Laic bapliz'tli arc 
 
 " to lie rc-baptiaetl. 
 
 A|> tolical Canons 38. " We ortU^r, that a bishop, priest or d'aion. v lio has 
 " recei baptism from an heretic, be deposed," Why ? 
 
 Ct.' .TJ. 'If a bishop or priest do again bapti/." o'l who /(«,■» rnillii 
 "received Japtism bifore ; or if he do not bnplizf onr that has been polluted by 
 " wicked men, let him be d -posed, as one that makes no di'tinction belwi.xt prifxts 
 " am\ pretenders,'' 
 
6 
 
 Tin; 8th C'huoii <if tli- Couri- il of Alio, A.I». .11 I, niul lli<' irttli nf tlint of 
 Ni' itii ai>' [so fill- as till' ofliriuiil is (•oH' <'rii''<l| to tlif Hiiiin' flTrcl . 
 
 (r) Till' tliiiil point filiovc nl. iicd to — the tl.ifjmii. from wiiirli ori^;in;iti«I tii" 
 past iiiul prcsfiil piiicticf' of tii" Cliiiii li of lioim; — nnuiiiis to lie t'<>ii«i<l<TO(i, viz : 
 tliiit 111- ncoptioii of Jlaptisin is ulrio/uiifi/ nff^siurif to salvation. 
 
 Forgfttiii'; that /)0j'»7i(r Divin.' iii>titiitioiis imptisc olilij,'atioiis only in [pH'- 
 |ioition to mail'.'* aliility lo a- I upon tliciii : that " tlod roqiiircth ai-conlin;; lo 
 that whii li a iii*ui hath, aiil not arcoidin:; to that whiih a iiiaii hath not," thu 
 lioiiiaii Church assiinicd that, in 'very (jusi', and iiiidi'r all possihliM'iri iiinstaiii is. 
 
 i>aiilisiii was 
 
 iiidir 
 
 piiisa 
 
 hh 
 
 Kvcn iii/'iiiit.*, who had coniniiltfd no actual sin, vi I 
 
 dyin;; iinhaptizi-d, wi-rc mnsij^urd to a spr. i:il division of thi- intVinal «orId. lali'd 
 the ■' lintlais inl'antiiin." 
 
 'I'liis fjavc list' to an iiitciiM- an.\i''t\ in ni;.n-d to diis sarrann'iit, an aiixirly 
 wliii'h, iii;rin',f mill li-yoiil I'riniitivi' or Ciitholic iisai,'"', fonid tlnin — tiiroimh 
 mistaken rlinrity — to adopt any a;,"H(y| however inihjilioMed, lalher than iiiein 
 till' i»t!iialty ofa doom so fearful ;ind appariiitly so certain. 
 
 "Minister hiijiis Sacrani'iil' est saccrdos, cni ex (inicio conipctil hajitizare. 
 
 In III'/."! anteiii iicc">iiitnti-i, iion sidinn SacL-nlos, \id diiiconiis 
 
 d ct 
 
 iaiii /,'ii'ii 
 
 \<] mnH'i; iiii ) eti.im /'nyi 
 
 ■I //'/•'//'■"•'' liaptixar^' po|e>l. 
 
 So spake lioiiie hy the ino'itii ol I'ope Ku;.(i.'niiis in his dej^rec lo Ih ■ .\rniiii- 
 i.iii^. Ui'iice, then, the practice, afterwards so prevalent in the Uoiiiisli (,'liiircli 
 of Lay adininistration of liai)tisnj, a practice whiih tliioimh I'une, and on l!ie 
 
 hasis of her authority, cnme into the l,'hiircli 
 
 Knudand. 
 
 That it was an error, however, is evident from the Jndgiiient of tli" i'riinitivc 
 Cliiireh in n-gard to tiiosc wdio, heinn yet nnh'i/iti:"f, had snITired martynhjiu li>i 
 Christ. Their ./a/V// and ciiii'<linH:!i were deemed a giiarantoe of their acieptaine 
 with Ciod. So iiIko in tlie la.sc of Catfchumcns who dial without this Sacrament. 
 No iloiilil was enterlained of thoir 1> 'iiiL; within compass of sahation hv Ciirist. 
 
 S. r>ern;ird. as qnot^-d l>y Honker, (/,(';. c cap "lO], is clear on this jioint • — 
 •'If a man desirous of haptism he sudiliily cut o(T hy death, in whom tiiere 
 '• wanted neither sound faitii, devout lioi>e, nor sincere charily, [<;od foiqivti me 
 « if I err], hut verily of such a one's salvation. . .despair I cannot, nor iiiduce 
 •• my mind to think his faith void, his hojie confounded ami his charity falhii 
 ''to nothinc:, only li'(!iuse !ii' h-ith not ihit wiiicli not on! -mpt, Imt impossi- 
 " hility withhnldi'th. " 
 
 S. ,\mhrose also — "Tell me, 1 liescech you, what tliei\' is in any of lis more 
 '•than to will, and to seek for our own ;,'ood. Thy servant, () Lord, did hoth. ' 
 [Kor Valentinian the Kin|>enirdied lut'die liis jmrpo.se to receive baptism could 
 
 take effeit.] "And is it possilile, HimI he wliii li // / / y^/ry/i 
 
 Th 
 
 '11/ Sjiirtf -^wrw 
 
 '• him /" (/c.w-f y/vf/v, should not receive Thy grace wUiilt tinit i^/iiril dil le-'o'ir .' 
 " Uoth it move you that tiie outward accustomed solemnities were not done.' 
 " Ar though converts that sulTer martyrdom before baptism did thereby forfeit 
 " their right to the crown of eternal glory in the kingdom of heaven. If the 
 " blood of martyrs in that ( ase, b: their lm[>tisni, surely his religious dessre of 
 " baptism standeth him in the same stea<l. iLih. v, cap. (id). 
 
hnt (.f 
 
 -I III- 
 \iz : 
 
 |.i... 
 
 (lu- 
 ll. IS, 
 y.f 
 l-.l 
 
 111 (i|ii>o!silioii to till' 1 inii ol'tlif C'liun li of IJoim-, llir liclicf of tin- I'liniitivc 
 riiiircli, ami as truly tin- Ittlit-f of om own. !•; '^ivdi witli snni'i<iit ilistini-tnoss. l»y 
 llic jiiiU( ions IfooKir. [/.ih. r . lu^,. ciij 
 
 " Si'fin,L(, tliiit to all {irolthMd's of till- iiiiiin of (lirisl. ilii>|ii<>-i iniiiciici' aImivo 
 - iiifiilcls is iVoL-ly !,'ivi-ii, vi/. — lliat fniit of linii body luiii-^'i'tli into Hit- w.iM 
 '•with it II jii'xr.t iiitiTi'sl niiii rit/Zil [('or. \ii. ll| to tliouc iiicaiix wln'r.uiili 
 '• (tin- onliiiiiiii I- of Cliiist is, that 1 His Chiiii li shall In- saiictilii-i' it i' /ft /■, ii< 
 ' ll.iniijht that he which, as it wen-, fioni lliavm, hath /(o/k/./i/^/ ami L.s/y/f/'i tlniu 
 '• imto holiness, hy s/nri'il /iriril't/f of l/n-ir n-if/ /liifli, will lliinsilf ih-|irivi' th< in 
 " of rcf^c-ncnition ami inw.nd erari-, oi»l\ Ixmu^r ii,ciH"l>i (kinivih them i'( tiic 
 " outward Sftciainc-nt . 
 
 liishoj) Taylor, ti '.'itinL; of Imptisni I'V miil-wivos, /. /•., Lny-haptism, is siill 
 tnoro i-xpress :— 
 
 " This cilstoiu I aim- in at a wromj ilxtr. It l-amd iiiioii a i'uIki: and siijifr- 
 " Hidouit opinion ; and tlu-y (/. e . the rioiiiaui.>ts] thoii;,dil it hcttt-r to invnl' thf 
 "/</•*>.''■« f)/?/r(, than to trust <!od with tin- sonis whiih 1[«- niado with His own 
 '• hands, and ndii'iind with His Son's I'.lood. I'lit this custom was imt to Ix- 
 • lollowi'd, if it had still tontinui-d ; fot •irn lli^n tin y c-oiitVsHcd it to Ik- .«//( . 
 '•[" Kartuni valot, /<>/•«' Ho« i/ei//<V."] And i-vil oiinlil not to he duiii' foraj^cu'd 
 " end. ' Xo man hapti/cs but ho that is in /lo/if orleri,' said Sinu-on of Th' s<a- 
 
 •hiliitiiiitliiiii. nil iditioii. pag'i- 
 
 '• hmica ; and. I think, he said tndv 
 
 Ihfi' 
 
 And tin' tjood Bi.-hop [pai(c I'JS ol tin- ahovi-] says further : — 
 
 " In all mom/ (/('//o/zi there must he a nuhstantial potestative priiieiple that 
 '• must have proportioned power to the cflfect . A thin^ cannot he done without 
 '• a cause and i>rinciple in inoralitv, any more than in natnr.-. If a hohki/i goes 
 • about to ndmiiiistt-r the Holy Eucharist, it is an iiteffclivr hand. And it were 
 '■ wiHer and better, if men will think tiie san;e thing of their ;;ivinj; baptisii'i 
 " uulfKS they will confess that to l/ajili:f rlutdirn is a mere natural n ml secular action 
 " to which natural iiowiis are snOicieiit ; or that women have received .^oirilwil 
 •' jioii-ertto do it, and that whether a priest or woman docs it, is no dilVerenoe, but 
 '• matter of order only. If an cO'eft hr .f/iirilmil, the at/int iiinxt b«' Kjiiritnal too.'' 
 
 The language of Bishop Taylor, above (juoted, may be taken as a fair exposi- 
 lion of the judgment of the Church of Kngland, as given in her rubrics, pielaees, 
 aitieles, &e., as I hop<- hereafter to show . 
 
 Here, however, I would close tiiis btler — lirst otVering [in proof that i.av, 
 baptism lest.s especially on the protection of the Church of Kome] the following 
 authority : — 
 
 fn the year of our J.ord, 1 IDG, /jwa-i Chryioberjes, held a General C'ouiuil of 
 til' iireek (.'liureh, in Trullo, in tin- Inii)erial Palaeo at Constantinople, at which 
 were present three Patriarchs, r,ucas of Constantinoplo, Athanasius of Antioeh, 
 aiidNioephorusof.lerusalem, together with llfty-seven Metropolitans, hesidcN other 
 bishops (CfNv's IJixi l.itiniria, Vol. 1, p. 670. and Vol. J, p. 41«). 
 
8 
 
 '•u'^- t« HlH.w h..r.uft-e.. that /l.l' h,^^^^ • T^^ ";' ^">-''''I'»'-'- '« will b. ... v 
 '•'iiiovutioM in (his l„.j.ulC. "- "•' "'l'"^"!/ Vut.:^l' Hu«i„.st |{..„„.;, 
 
 ' •nil. liiy l.oid, 
 
 V'Hirs iv.s|..u.tiii||y^ 
 
 <'H.\Rrj.:s FOUKST. 
 
\f'> hr 
 
 Kill 
 
 liiy 
 
 T't f/i'.' lii'jlit Ri'fcrcift the Lui\l hi)^h>ji uf Onta/uo 
 
 My L<)i'.i). — It T' mains lo l)c -lnjuu lltil lli' (."'luni.li ul l-juyluml in lit r 
 •' pivfaccs," '< rubrics," and '• articl«'>;,'' protests— oqunlly witli tlio fJr.-i'k Chun li — 
 iU'iiinst mere lay-agitii'v in the ftflmiuistration of Ijaptit^m. 
 
 Tin' •• articles," {»■ it r- im.ijiIkt.iI, aio act siiuplv tt;:iiii d iiuroinful. iiaviiiy 
 only tli'j sijjnifi'.'iUfo «hii.ii fXpcclioncy or political utility may ;,'ivo Ihi.'ip, 
 i>iil •■'/yr/o/ti o/>t/y<u//,' I'Si'Ulially mattcrfi r 'liitin!,' to (.iod and lli^ laws ; and 
 til all who subscril)f' (hem, thfy arc of ohliiration a> '• rniitainiMu ili. ini'.' doiti iii'' 
 of th.o ('huixh of Kiigl.iud ujccdib!: t'l Uol's ii«-<i- }.' 
 
 It follows, til ail'orc. that what tlii \ acLuunl •■ii rhil" m •• ititliciKt i> lu )•• 
 iiud';r.stood hy us as b'-iug, in the jiid^in"Mt ol'tho Church, lawful or unlawful on 
 111" priuciplos of rtli^'ion : — otherwise', thiy (nuiiot In' •• agrcoahlc to trod'.-; wonl " 
 
 III ordor, th'ii. properly to apprcfintv Ihi-'ir fii.-r.', ii may !»■ well to consult 
 that supc-rior autiiority on which thiy iiiot' >, to b ■ fiundtd, on rcf'.iviu'c (o 
 which oortain most important fact«. (all "f liii'iu iiivuh inir tli ■ sniiv jirinriiili-^ 
 fire forced upon our attontioii. viz : — 
 
 1st. That uuder iho Mo-^iav o*uiic>my, uo in tu — wh iti vur th^ « rn -ri,' inM — 
 duo approai-h the Divine presence in tli'j administration of His /loii^",- 
 inslUntiun'. «X''''pt thos:- wlio \s,x<: fir>;t duly called and authorizi'd by Cioij 
 
 RO 
 
 to do. 
 
 •Jiid. That minivii.ii iuii in l»i\in'' liiin^-. uicl i lii.' Chri>lian ili^p.-nsuiiuii, w;(s 
 I'ouuded on the axiom, " Xo man takcth this honor to himself, bnt he thai 
 is called of Ood, as was Aaron," that i by an exUrivtl ronimmioii (ir^i 
 •^ivenbyGod to Mosi'«. and tlcii ''V Mo'^.s. by THvin • comtnand, to Tri<i 
 ilioaen priest. 
 
 ^\■'\. That even Chrlil lliuihtli, lii-- t,icai Ui-h I'li-..-.! oiourprofr.snioii,- prehK-d 
 a.i ho was by the fearful necessities of a dying worM, whom he canr- 
 sncciuUy to .s;ue — 'Vcu Christ Himself abstained from all oflicial acts, and 
 took not this ofliee on himself, imtil, ill the rstflbli>hcd ord<r of G.)d, He 
 received His coni/«('i.T«o/i and inane unit i"ii tli.r^tr", from the Imuds of nii 
 oUlccr, duly authorized to that end. 
 
 ;iL. That, in like man 
 
 ncr, lb', the (ireal li'al ol ihv I'huirh. ^^,■^■■. | 
 
 liua-rd i<u 
 
 the basis of the same principle oi cjcteinal ccni.imion, to poriictuatc Kit own 
 A[iiitstrT , committing to // (and so f:ir as IHs word? reach, to it nnl,/) ull 
 
10 
 
 till* oflues iiiojicr to il;iit MiuJutrv, to wit : — •bajdinin, anil all Uiiiigs wlmi- 
 
 Boevor I Imvo ooinmandfil you/" pli-dgiiij; to His Apostles, whom lie had 
 
 tliiis particularly cnlk-d niid conimifisioued, His spocial personal presence 
 
 and samtion, to the cud tit time, !iud that — to the exclusion oT all otlier'^, 
 
 saM' tlioKo to whom, thioujili lluir (the Apostles) delegated authority, Ih" 
 
 like powers were duly entrusted — the privileires of ihe <.'hri:stiau Priesthood 
 
 were guardeil as .«i|m. ia! and exriusivi- down t<i 'tin- dose of the Ne\\ 
 
 Testament Canon. 
 
 Itiyond the Old and N'c w 'i'tstiiii:. nt (.'aui'U ihi-re lia> Imii. coiiftssedly, im 
 
 ••xtra revelation of the Divine Will . It stands, therefon-, as out necessary and 
 
 ultimate authority, and tli<' "(//■//<•/<.«,' if airreealile to that Cunon, must utter the 
 
 8ime truth; and where they do, they must be received as deelariny to us ijie 
 
 I'liv o/O'oJ, not the law of man. 
 
 Nmv in her xxiii Art. tli>' C'lii:reli speaks thus expressly: — • Jt is iiol Lic- 
 '((/"(/,?.. aeeordin!^' to the |)remis.s laul down, contrary ti> the law of (iodi "for 
 any man to take upon liim the fiOiie of, , . . miuisteringthe sacraments"' (of win. ti 
 baptism is one) -before he bo lawlully (dUe I <inJ fait to exe( tite the same." 
 
 Why ? Because the law lelatiiiK to PUi h ministrations is in Christ's inntitti- 
 //'>«ofthemI It bases itself on His declared will and command, ai;d cannot by 
 any, save Himself, bo further limited or extirnkd. 
 
 It reaches, moreover, equally to all the cflicial duties embraced in the words 
 (if His commission, and may not be dealt with partially, as if one part of ih^^ im- 
 posed duty stood on lower or hi{:Ijer ground than another. 
 
 If, therefore, '•(Jo ye,"' (Matth. xxviii, I'j.) in its connection with •• I.o, 1 am 
 with you always," involves the exclusive right to the priesthood as transmitted 
 by lawful authority, .so much so that a m;\n cannot le a Christian priest without 
 it — then assuredly the .same words as coupled with the duty of bapti.zing are uf 
 e'/}ial forte, and by parity of reason, exclude all others, save those who j re in thai 
 commission, from intermeddling with the s.acrament. 
 
 It i.s not enough that a man " take not thi.s honor on hin;se]f,' or tiiat be be 
 i sent" — he must be ^'laivf'tiUy called,"' ''agreeably to God's word" and "the insti- 
 tution of Christ,"' ThetJhurch, in her Article assumes that there is a Divine law 
 on the subject, ai)d that none save those " who have pubhc authuriti/ /,'ii-in ><• //„')„j" 
 !. r.. the Bishops (see preface to the Ordinal) can dispense this law. 
 
 The (jiiestion then arises — are lay baptizers duly or in any way tiuis 'calicf 
 and sent ?'" If not, thoy have taken tnis thing upon theniselveF, and the Judg- 
 ment of llie Ciiureh is that their ministration is '-not laic/u/,"' i.e., contrary to 
 Ihc law of Ciod. Now, if it be contrary to law, for we hero speak of tlu^ law of 
 Christ, it must be s iful, [I John iii, 4], and to admit " culiliti/" as its result isto 
 assume that the grace of Uod — altho' afl"ected to be conveyed contrary to His will 
 and commandment— j» actually t/icn throu.gli the medium of a sinful act ; that the 
 blessing of baptism, whosv. ultimate design and purpose it is to make men holy, 
 iij, by (iod's spirit, communicated by lu' aus openly untagonistiu to the' rule and 
 spirit of holiness — nn a<-'Sumpiion altogeth-T gratuitous, becausi.' nut warranted 
 Uv the word of God. 
 
 clear 
 effieai 
 
 C'SS.J 
 
 Chri] 
 
 ■•ir. 
 
 maul 
 dity' 
 cieu| 
 
 th' 
 
 iiavl 
 lioil 
 
11 
 
 "fe's whftt- 
 n.c JiaU 
 I'rcsence 
 
 l"'0-, tJir. 
 ' if.'-t Jiood 
 !"'(■ Nc„ 
 
 l""v, )i,, 
 
 "'y nj;.! 
 
 |-'»tT (|„. 
 
 To 1 il»o ;i iuiliii-r strji. — In tli xxvi ArlicI", tin; C'liUivli .=i>;uki \ ft mor'* 
 
 < Icarly :— Troaling of the personal uiiwoilhinuss of ministers as no bar to the 
 
 < (llcacy of thi- Sacram?nts, slio sets forth (h'tl on whicli eflicar}- n'xtuially and m-- 
 i'.-.s.saiily depends, viz : — fliat what he does he does not in his own nani.>, hnt in 
 C/(;-M^'.« and by His '• i:oumi.ssio.n and althokitv," and that tiie Sacraiuants are 
 ilfi-liial •• if c(tti:>o of Christ's insUlution an! prnins-:. 
 
 It is very evidint, from tlieso words, (hat neither worthiue.ss nor cxigeuey of 
 man is reoeivod as a groundwork fa- tho conelusion, (viz . — effieioney and vali- 
 dity), whifh she imposes upon us. ^>he recoj^nlz's but "«c re-i^jon for surli '-lli- 
 eieni'v. (". r., '• Cliiist' s commission an I aiit/ioriti/.'' 
 
 Take away this reason, i.f.., the commission, an I wliat. \:i th,- J1i1l4m.nl of 
 111" Church bjcomco of the result, " they be clfectual? " 
 
 liut more ; t!ic Cliureh is singularly, nay elaborately (.-urcful to be ever in 
 iiarmony witli Holy Writ. She tru.sts, on thi.s cpiestion, onli/ to " Christ's institu- 
 tion and promise."' Wiiat institution? What promise ? — uidess those already 
 referred to as the .so!e (ta/Yiz/i/ of ministerial action, "goye, &c.'' — ' Lo, lam 
 Avith you always ? ' Tiie u/i^enl and unco)niiussiiin:J. Have they the protection of 
 these? — if «o/, they are left, by this Article, without power or privilege to make 
 Sacraments " effectual ''! — Ergo, such Sacraments, so far as Divine piovision. or 
 l)ivin(! Law, is concerned ar« '• invalid.' 
 
 'i'iie words ■' not in his own name," by referring us to tlie •• form," by Christ 
 iipliointe'd, have also a deep signilianee. What is ni'.'aiit by •■ in tin; ii'tni'j lA' thj 
 i'atlier, and of the Son, ie., ie. '! ' 
 
 When David, [I'.i. cxviii, 2r,], saitl, <• Blessed is he that cometh iii the name 
 of the Lord" — the meaning was — with His authority and commission. When 
 Kavid's young men spake [ 1 Sam . xxv, 9] •" inthe name " of Uavid, the infLrenec 
 was, he had feiit them. When Haggai 'V^zia v, 1] prophesies " in tlie name of 
 liie <<od of rsrael," il is understood be li.ad n-nirant \i>n\i (iod so todo. 
 
 When Christ llinuvll s<i>is^ " J am come in my Father's name,'' it is equally 
 ebar He asserts His divine appointment and autliorit) : — When S. I'aul judges 
 'in the name of Christ," [1 Cor. v. ?,. 4, 5J, it is admitted by all that he claims 
 the ppei ial authority of Christ for what he do<'S. 
 
 Now what means the •'form" in Baptism — hul i\i(\.{ s/»ciil rounnission und 
 iiii/horili/," by which His niinibters are ilnly fUipowercd to d''al with men '• in 
 tilings pertaining to (iod ? " 
 
 There can be no sacrament f^ave as adjnini>tered ''in ilic uams, i. e., ly tlif 
 ti.mmis.sion and authority derived from the adorable Trinity, and if any. 
 wlio have not this commission, afl'ect to Minister, as unhappily tbev do. on yrbnl 
 irroui.d can we assume the validity of their acts? 
 
 The next proof, lv>.i>i lb'* xxvii ,\'(icle, bas<'^ ilMcIf on the verv jialure of 
 baptism itself. 
 
 It is not merely " a sign of profession, ie.," but of ■• New birth whereby, aj 
 by un instrument, they that receive baptism riffhtl;/ are grafted into the Ciiurcb, and 
 the promises, i'C, &c., i-c, visibly tigncd and teahd." 
 
12 
 
 The figure arul i)liraSLok>i.'y Liniiloyod arc, l.cviaul all t|iufctii,>n, riiiivly li^al. 
 
 lUflrinncuf,'' tigncil,^' '■'• t'^dle 
 
 'I'll'.' iiuprc^sion, Iheioiero, lo bu conveyed, Hiik«> 
 
 these words are \inci\ lighUy ov without meanin!,', must be correspondtijl with h<- 
 lernis tniidoycd. Moreover, the ic;!''/<(! nic ii'-l uuide receivable under ««»/ '^■''' 
 ' iiinstancr.'-', but arc carefully restricted t<i on. s)ir< in«'l .md iiiiv.iiyin:r ronditi'Mi 
 vix. • — '• Tbiit receive bajili^m n'jhtfr.'' 
 
 To Iho d\ie execution of this" iiislnuii'iil " there iniisl l'-' Iwu parties — I.-t' 
 f'hrist (for th" gvacc U Ili'^,) actin;; either pir»onally or by his arcrp«lit< d 
 witorney, on the one side — for who can a'f^n and seal on the i)art of God, save )i' 
 \\ iio is eommis!>ioned by him to thai, eftoct ? And the pnity bjiptizedj aeknt-wh rl;_. 
 ilirr by hims(,'lf or prox}', the sacrrment ministered 1 
 
 Admitted — that a '• pledge 'can be Lcivru viearicn-ly [lhi^ i- tie. di.-Miii. i 
 and layman J'lea], it is; yet necessary that lie wlio repres<'nts thv /'lincijinl should 
 have and show warrant for what h<' does. He is diMlin.i; with that wliieh behmt;- 
 liot to himself but to nnot/ur, and tin' wiif or conarid of tliat olh'i must Ik- assured 
 to us, before we can take for ijranted the ufiUfi/ of sueli a-tiioi. Tiie Aposttdi'-al 
 NFinistrv dT llie Chuieh have unquestionably thnl atilhurity luui enmniissioii. 
 (Matth. \\v. i;i. 2i:t.) It a>'ts by special jnovi^ioii uf the l;iw nf Christ. Th- >■'• 
 
 :i'ts. t]|il>fcli', Wr lTCri\c ;|S ■' /ilHf'i/f." iiud i'}' OgUll P'.'l-i'n I'.''/ / Mild ilb'i't Ual. 
 
 lUil wiiere the lutors are not a- ''redileii; havr, in fiu.l, n. > ei-nifnd auth(Mii,\ 
 III .••ign ;in 1 setd for Christ, there ue. wiio have as our yuide the Holy Seriptui' 
 v.hieh ;;.'iv.' no such license, must .I'ei.iniil -uch ininistiatioU'^ as iidrusive an- 
 invalid. We may not, even in our cliarity. uc b. yond the wmd oTfiod, an«l ll-i/ 
 "■')/v/ givey 11(1 authority to laics to biipti/. ■, 
 
 'I'bi'^^ evidently, is in)l>licd in ti.e langua_i:e .iflln riili. Ir .•;bii\ • qi;( {<•'.. 
 
 riic .\.\xvii Arlich; is of the sann' purport . 
 
 ••We give not to our Princes the ministerins eiliar oftiod '^ won!, or oi dn- 
 >ai. laments . " Why ? because these offices are, [Art . Nxxiii], by n Divine ord» r. 
 the peculiar and exchisi\e ]>r( rn'^-ativr of thos" wlm nn/ ■• lMwrii]I\ inlb^l smd sent 
 to r'XCllte the same," 
 
 They are spiiitn;d antl di\ini, in.i i,o un r s' < idur inr-i n. bnvi v-t ''xalLd 
 ii! ranh. niny tvrspuss upon llieni. 
 
 The Prince is, nuquestionabl\. Uie reiires'.nlativc hiyuifui uf lii.-> I'.din — /. ■ . 
 if a churchman. Certainly, as a Inymtm he leis not less privilege or right, in 
 this matter, than any of his subjects . A> Hn; h n ibirial and political head of the 
 (.'hureh he has the very Grst place. Vet—wlutber it were the insanely aggressive 
 Henry VIII — or the somewhat inoivtii". 1 iolb>\\ris wlu*, in liildT dnv-. ilfiini hi- 
 -iivereignty, the laic sliindh excluded. 
 
 The very prince, the n^presentativ v man v\ ia\men may not, by the law -i 
 the Church, tuinitfter a wieriiment — lot wv give il not even to our "Piinecs " — ;i 
 \r\y .-;trHnge exclusion, if the validity of baptism by hiies be, in any wLise, nduiitt* d. 
 
 To soy that he niaj take what is lu.'t "given" is to do violence to the plain 
 leaching and law of the Church. Tor, in the preface to the Ordinal, which to us 
 '•b.rjrymin is of legal obligiition. thi; Chttrch unoquivorally dt't<'rniine.^ that "no 
 
 llHU 
 
 fipprj 
 .ireol 
 .iny I 
 ilvr 
 
 -11 ; 
 
i:: 
 
 Ji.- 
 |"'n 
 
 It"! 
 
 I. 
 
 M 
 
 11)111 uiighl pp'sumv U' i:xMit< any of tlaric utlKi.-, r.\otpt h-:' \vt> first culled. .. 
 npproved and iulmittid tli«"n to by laxvfiil iiiilboriiy "—and tliJit "no man fhall I- 
 iircotiDlcd or tak' n to li-' ;i la^vful bisliop, prit.?t, or deacon, or sutT«rod to • .\(;<*iu 
 .inyof tlio said functions I ' Inplisn's incliidii!, •• •x>]it lir ]»• ci'lid find .idinittcd 
 ilfT'to Viy KpiMv.pal ronsorration or ordination " 
 
 Til" caso siippo.sfd in lli'' Cr<tli C.iuon. \ !/. : — '• IT aiiy inini<:. r Ixini; warn <\ 
 ■■ iiitho wraknct-s and dangt r of tieatli ofany oliild in his p.irish and rKinircil in 
 
 ■ conjc to llic phi' r and I«aptizt' it, do rifns<', or nf'j,di.<."t tn 'innply, and the infant 
 
 ■ die nnl«apli/ed. tlif said niinist r .sliall be snspindud, Ai-.. &c." ,200s oleurl) 
 
 !•' --liow thai n'l olli-r Uijitism is ijioiiyht of hy ih-; L'liinvii miyv that niini>l!r. d 
 I'V one la\> fully >■ uL or liis (.urate or :sul>.^tilute — fui". in "Jiir ,,{ tlcir n<u'l''t. Ih'' 
 ^n)>positiyn fulli>\\ — • and it dietli nnbapliz. d."' 
 
 AifHin, in tin- I'ldlnw Inu rnliriv [^>w>. /'//-•. liiji. | 
 
 •* But if tn<- child wcvr haptizMl l^y any otluT l.i\w"iil niini^ii'r ili.n lh<' 
 iiiinistt-r of iJn^ pari>h . . . .>li.ill e.xaniin' ann try nln tlirr the eliild l)r — not simidy 
 haiitizi'd, hut — la\vi'ull\ Itaptiztd, Ac, plainly implying that [although i>rior tu 
 riitifyin;; to tli-.' rongrfpati'Mi Hint all v,a> •• \vi 11 (h^no and according to dtn- 
 iird<;r"J. ii wa-; nece.s.-nry t<> (c^t the merits cvt^n (.'f tliis l)apti>ni, hy in(|nil^ 
 IH'M- the all Vucslion) as lo the authority (hy wli'.ni]. atnl th.- form and nialt«'r. 
 hy and in which the Sa'iann lit was coiU'V.d h" the Imptisin hud hecn 
 niinihtcrcd li} an unlawful or luiaulhnrized iter^on, tli'r '.v:!; n'> need f.n (pics- 
 t'l'iiings, 1ii;i rlo' niiui.-tcr >\a- l<i iirnceid li I'ljit !/,••, 
 
 A> to the s^iynilkanl clmr'.'" itithi; ;;nl Kulirie [ireeeedin.L; the ollico for private 
 li.iptisni. — it >peaks fnr its. If. UMman and Media val iiii'ii.-ncr had hoeounJ out- 
 worn, (.atholie tact and truth d<'manil<'d an a'rrcdiled oliiocr for the dischart;!- 
 ■ fan aniha^-sndorial aet. Tin; word.s -any pt^ryon present " were expunged, in 
 short, lay-haptipni wa:^ i.mxorcd, and a ■• lawful minister ' wa«, tVoni that time, and 
 is now by the Hook of <?()niinon Prayer held to I"' < "-s. nlial to •!,.• conf.irinp of 
 lie hieli r.l< sfinr and privil<::c of lapti-m. 
 
 It is not denied, ni\ I.onl, that from an c,;irly diilcj this iiiaetice of baptism 
 I'V Laymen, did. in certain eases of extremity, obtain in the Church of England, 
 I'.urn. in his l>oIcsiai«tieal Law gives tvideiiee of the fact. But thit< touches not the 
 ijiiestion at if^siie ! The praellce was wrongly and snpcr.stition.sly brought in , 
 It :^to;id then, as it .stands now, unwarranted by any authority binding on tin 
 • 'iiureli of Christ. It was ii riolali(^n. on utterly mistaken and therefore inexen.-- 
 able groundi", of t!ie saeivd lights of the Christian Ministry. The voice of the 
 Primitive Church condemned it : and it has lieen intellig' ntly ,ind of ^ct pinpo.se 
 lepndintod b; our Cliuieh — a> witness her thorou.^h exclusion from her nibries of 
 every clause and wt>id which once may have (teemed to eoiintenanee ^o anotnoloii'i 
 a ciibtom ; — and the vigilant guard which she has e.stablii'hed over the ri^|i(i< immI 
 funetionb of h' r ministry in her articles of I'aith and Mook of Canoni. 
 
 >Vhy «hc should praetiudly shew hss jealou.sy onthi« im|>ortani 5ubje< t than 
 do those who can claim no such historie connexion as Inrs with Apo.stolic and 
 Primitive Christianity, it i.s indeed diflieult to eoujocture. Hut that such id tie. 
 fact the follow iu:^ brief authorities will det< nuine — 
 
II 
 
 ■■ That r.aj.tism adiuiuiblciv.l hj .u, uu.;nlaiii-a pi son i, wIimUt v..i,l ftu-J 
 luill.' Mook of Discipline of Hoformcd Chiivclio.s in Franc*-, cap. 2, Canon I. 
 
 On, ••whnllicr he W an minist-r or n.., drpcndcth nol oniv lli > difynity, l.nt 
 tho being of tlK- Saciainont, so Uiat I take the baptism of women i.. Iw no more 
 the Holy f^acrcmont of baptism than any other daily or ordinary washing of tho 
 child."— [T. Cartwrighf, tjic Puritan, n.sqnotsdl'v IJookcr Kcc. I'ol. lib. .-,,ej.] 
 
 " Baptism is nol to be administered in any case, hy any jjiivnte pcryon, but 
 by a Mininster of Christ.' [Puritan '• JJircctory "J 
 
 " There he only two Sacraments! ordained by cjirist our Lord, in the gospel i 
 that is to say Baptism and the Siipp<<r of the Lord : neither of win, li may be dis- 
 pcnsedby any, bnt bva mini-t-rof the word lawfully ord;iin-d." (ConfcBsion 
 of faiih, cop 2T . ] 
 
 I remain. My Lonl 
 
 Y'ours rcspectfitlly 
 
 CIIAKLK.S I OREST. 
 
 «-v 
 
Accession no. 
 
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