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1*1 
 
 National Library 
 of Canada 
 
 Bibliotheque nationale 
 du Canada 
 
 THE PACIFOAILWAY. 
 
 Bartering away the Heritage of Oaaa- 
 diaas in the North-West. 
 
 The Government's Secret Bargain with the Syndi- 
 
 cate-A Vast Monopoly Created at sxl 
 
 Enormous Cost to the Country. 
 
 havefLlyyev:]ope^th:l:±^^?/'^"^^*^^ '^-^^ -^en time shall 
 the Paci/c RaifwarSv licat .^.i'Vt-H'^'i'^ *'^« ^«^tract with 
 
 meat, 22mi OctobJr^sS^l'nd S d bv t^ tl-^Maodonald Govern- 
 J..niuary 27th, 188]/wi]l i; nrnnmnt^^^^^^ ''^ ^""'^ «^ Commons 
 
 been the moW BisIsTRourpr^^ ""^"^"^^ "^^^ *« have 
 
 lUILWAVSWINDLEnotoXof S^e^inpf .V^^f''^ ;'"^ GREATEST 
 
 It is desirable and prop "r i Ll th^ ^fl r ^ 'f/^''^' ^"* «^a»y ag^- 
 
 at .his time to -mcVtlV L;t^^^acttr^^^ «^ ^'-^ ^ 
 
 THE CONTRACT MADE IN SECRET. 
 
 tendersIil^iSTS ^1^^ fr^fe^, J" ^^f -» ^' l^w, no 
 Vic, chap. 12^ sect. 20):;Ses"as ioLl '' '^'^^'^ ""''' ^«^^ (^1 
 
 ^•ertil;!,;etl^^;!i^lS,tioV';f ^JtS^i*^ invite tenders by public ad- 
 emergency, wl,ere delay would be tiSs'fo'ff "' P?«« .of pressing 
 where, from the nature of the work tcoX I ^ '' interests, or 
 
 ecnonneally c.ecut^ by th. ofhTe^'al^Vs^et^an'ts Ttl^H^S^^^ir^ 
 
 shairnlt'le'gi^^a'^o'ut'V^L'''*^"". or sub-section of the said railway 
 
 entered into, and conseauenlly^ta^^ SSrt^SS^ol^TTaw"^-"^ 
 A SECOND-CLASS ROAD. 
 
 seconlcl's!?oT"wSVc^K:'^l^^^^ an inferior, 
 
 ^vay Act of 1874 provided for a firrow'^'''', ''^ l^/f and the Rail-' 
 cost at least twent/.ftve per eLmor^tt' trt- ^^''^ ^«"^d have 
 cate are t>ermitted to buiJd "''^ *^^ ^'^^ ^^^oh the Syndi- 
 
 \/ 
 

 KNORMOUS SUBSIDIES GRANTED. 
 
 3. The Government grantoil to the 'Syndicate luuneys, l:inds, ex- 
 emptions and privileges vastly in excess of the amounts really reciuired. 
 The Allan Contract and the Act of 1874 provided for a subsidy in 
 money and land only, but the Syndicate contract provides for a sub- 
 sidy in six distinct forms, viz. : 
 
 (a) Cash $25,000,000 
 
 {b) Land, 25,000,000 acrea, selected in the fertile belt, 
 and estimated by Sir John Macdonald (see 
 ofhcial Report of the Debates, 1880, vol. 1, 
 page 1056), to be worth $.3 per acre 75,000.000 
 
 (c) Work already performed by Government upon the 
 
 railway and handed over fui benefit of the Syn- 
 dicate, as follows, viz. : 
 
 Surveys of the line $3,119,000 
 
 703 miles railway built, or to be 
 completed, and handed over to the 
 , Syndicate, composed of the fol- 
 lowing sections : 
 
 Pembina branch, 85 miles, cost 1,556,900 
 
 Thun<Jer Bay Division, jl'ort William 
 
 to Selkirk, 406 miles, cost 14,670,000 
 
 Kamloops to Emory Bar, 127 miles, 
 cost 8,431,800 
 
 Emory Bar to Port Moody, 85 miles, 
 cost 2,486,255 
 
 Allowance for miscellaneous pay- 
 ments and engineering work (see 
 return No. 23, Sessional Papers, 
 
 vol. 14,1880-81) 902,000 
 
 32,165,975 
 
 (d) Exemption from duty on rails, cars, engines, lum- 
 
 ber, wire, and all material (estimated) 1,000,000 
 
 (e) Exemption from Dominion, Provincial, and Muni- 
 
 cipal taxation on land grant for 20 years (esti- 
 mated) ^,000,000 
 
 And on road and capital forever 
 
 (estimate capitalized) 7,250,000 
 
 12,250,00b 
 
 Total $145,415,975 
 
 (/) Transportation monopoly of the North- West for 
 20 years (see Contract, section 15), value un- 
 kn own, but greater than the cash bonus at least, 
 
 A " SOFT THING" FOR THE SYNDICATE. 
 
 4. For this vast amount of Government aid, amounting, without 
 any reference to thethree last nientionedforms of subsidy, to ^132,166,- 
 975, the Syndicate are to build 2,000 miles of railway, which it was 
 estimated by Sandford Fleming, Government Engineer, should not 
 cost more than $48,500,000 (see Sessional Papers 1880, No. 133, p. 555), 
 and which mil be tlmr own property. In other words, the Government 
 gives the Syndicate the money and land to pay for building 2,000 miles 
 of road for itself, and then presents it with land and completed railway 
 wwth %83, 665, 000 more, freedom from duty on all material, freedom from 
 taxation on lands and capital, and a transportation monopoly to enable 
 tlie Company to exact unjust charges from the settlers of the North-West 
 for the next 20 years. 
 
ex- 
 red. 
 '■ ia 
 ub- 
 
 out 
 i6,. 
 
 ff&S 
 QOt 
 
 i5), 
 
 ent 
 ilea 
 vay 
 'om 
 Me 
 
 A BXTTXR OVTEB BEJKCTXD. 
 
 5. When a hona Jide oiler whs subsequently received by the Gov- 
 ernment, to build the road lor ^3,000,000 less bonus, for 3,000,000 
 acres less of land, and other important concessions worth many milliona 
 to the country, the Conservative party refused to entertain it, although 
 the second Syndicate poasesset] more financial weij^ht than the first 
 Syndicate, and put up $396,000 more money than the $1,000,000 re- 
 quired by the Act as security. In justification of this betrayal of the 
 public by refusing a better oiler, the absurd allegation was made by 
 the Government that the ofiFer was a bogus one. All the members of 
 the second Syndicate were Cana<lians, whereas many members of the 
 favored Syndicate were foreigners. 
 
 A FAIR INFERISNCE. 
 
 6. The inference may fairly be <ha\vii that if an offer, so much 
 better than the terms accorded by the Government to the Syndicate, 
 was voluntarity made, still better offers couldliave been secured had the 
 law been complied with and tenders advertised lor. 
 
 THE BETTER TERMS. 
 
 7. The offer of the second Syndicate was, as already stated, backed 
 by an actual cash deposit of $1,090,000, and would have been car- 
 ried out if accepted. Viewed upon the basis of cost and advantage to 
 the country, it was better than the offer of the fir ' Syndicate in the 
 following particulars anJ amounts : 
 
 (o) Lesscash $ .3,000,000 
 
 (6) Less land 3,000,000 acres, worth, at $3 per ac, .. 9,000,000 
 
 (c) No exemption from duty on material 1.000,000 
 
 id) No exemption from taxation on land, road or 
 
 capital 12,250,000 
 
 Direct cash advantage $25,250,000 
 
 («) No transportation monopoly, an advantage to the 
 
 North- West of untold value. 
 if) Canadian control secured. 
 to) Bight of the Government to purchase at any time 
 
 on fair terms. 
 
 BEGINNING TO BEAR ITS FRUIT. 
 
 8. The stupendous character of the iindue advantages secured by 
 an unscrupulous Syndicate from an equally nnscrupulous Government, 
 are only beginning to be understood by the people. It is building its 
 road through the prairie section so far mainly with the proceeds of 
 Bales of town lots. Its land grant, selected in the fertile belt of the rich 
 North- West, is of as great value as the entire grant contemplated by 
 either the Allan contract or the Railwciy Act of 1874, located, as those 
 grants would have been, in a large degree in British Columbia and 
 east of the Red River, where the lands are comparatively worthless. 
 Its grants from the Government in the various forms above named 
 will prove to be at least three times as great in value as the cost of the 
 road it is to build. It will, by the use of the people's money, blindly 
 bestowed upon it by an infatuated Tory Government, become a rail- 
 way monopoly controlling almost the entire railway system of the 
 Dominion, and with powers so vast as to endanger the free institutions of 
 this country. It is an American corporation, with its headquarters at 
 St. Paul, and prosecutes its operations with the aiil of an American 
 euperintf^ndent, American engineers, American contractors and Auieri- 
 
no. 
 
 4 
 
 ^ouJd have crossod tluf "*"''''» "n^' Sonth-Fnlf rl'"" 'Access to a 
 an air lino to Duh 4 ^/.'""'''•^''.V lino at En orsoi '^'''] ^^"■^''"'^y, which 
 ;;;«y outlet for tho i^orth r"?'"'^ 'f ^^'''^ P S ed 1?*^ '*'"""«'«'' ^ h 
 twn lor the business off, '^''^ '''^"'J liavj I 3 ''"*' « s'^cond rail 
 Sreat advantage o?'f,°f,,;'^ ^''^/l^'T would havoL"'""'^^'',""^' «^>mp^ i- 
 "MV of the°Syndw' ' '''"/,^"«'"ness men t M. ^r''^'^'''^h'-^<i to the 
 
 injustice of the S """'Vtilion ol riv. ;^?,"'°"' "Jrantamresn f 
 apparent with„^,Jt«7-co uf the SottSScCS^^lt 
 
 to three times trreater +h ^i '" various forni.Tn *^^"* ^f the peo- 
 ^enefit, possesses aireadw'^' ^""reamountTt * 11? ''^*T' ^'^^ ^^o 
 Government as its too? fl P'^^^«r and the Zufi ''^^"'^ ^o^ its own 
 tool it is able wif K . ' ,*"'* *^at through the ,• ' • *P "^^ke use of thif 
 
I to tako 
 
 ate the 
 flap niifl 
 lifest a 
 peoj)]e 
 
 ij,' the 
 to the 
 It and 
 8 to a 
 ivhich 
 
 with 
 
 rai!- 
 peti- 
 othe 
 Qoti- 
 Tlie 
 aiul 
 le of 
 iate 
 i of 
 ent 
 I of 
 led 
 :ou 
 It. 
 He 
 he 
 Je 
 
 provinces, and within an extensive re-ion' of country to .leiirive 
 the^ settler of hi.s riylit to the soil whicli I lie law of ("nnaJa ^ivfa to 
 
 A BRAVE TIGHT AGAINST HEAVY ODDS 
 
 ,, *y "P^''Vl^s of one mouth from the day fDoeomhor 10th, ISS'J) 
 the I ttcific Railway contract M-as hii.l u;,„n the tal.lo of tlio Cnunwmi 
 until the day (January 27th, LnSI) the iJil I was carried by the si. 
 ficryient Tory majority, Mr. Blako, with hi. devoted .upi.orter.s. fou.'l t 
 It inch by inch. Speech after Hpeech wa.s ma.lo against it, and re.oT i 
 tion alter resolution moved against it. On tlie •2(ith of Jaimarv no less 
 than seven and on the 27th no le.^s than twentv, amendments were 
 ottered to the main niotion to reud t!ie Syndic.U. Bill a second time 
 Ah that the assanlts of the Opposition on the tloor of Parliament and 
 m the press could do, was done ; but Sir Charles Tupper, the hero of 
 such railway legislation from his political youth ui>, was able to whin 
 m followers into line, and compel them to vote with such uuanimitv 
 tliat not one araeiidraent was carried through. ^ 
 
 Mr. Blake and public opinion, which was clearly at his back di,) 
 force the Syndicate to oiler several modifi.:atious in their dem'u?,!. 
 which were even then too ontrageou.s to be ].atientlv considered bv the 
 tax-payers ot this cnuitr^-, who shuuld r.seut the legalizLcl robbe v 
 and oppression, which are and will be the results of this iufumous let 
 
I K 
 
 Pfliicy. 
 
 SpecDlators aid M Mkn Taken Uiiler tie Pro- 
 teclioD of tie Tory GoTerniDeiil 
 
 The Land Shark gets his Land at Half Price, and 
 
 the hardy Son of Toil is handed over 
 
 to his Tender Mercies. 
 
 popular .„d lw,HT,Ut'"^Hlltloi:liZs'Sj:r? ''^'"^ " 
 region we have a vaa^ Pxr,«nTJ\f t l-i ^ f, taken, for in that 
 
 ritoce forls oSSmS V^°", '"'I fU-V "Tord tha means orS 
 A WISE AND LZBERAI. POLICY 
 
 sideration of theG^yemm^ilfT.^^^''^ 
 
 demanding the attentSnrthfi pi. J '."•'' '^^^^'^ ^"«**^"^ ^ow 
 
 The first and CmostreaailitP-rf?'""^^^ J? «f as great moment. 
 
 
countrv the mere speculator will contribute very little. The Rain 
 he raftkes in land speculations merely represonts the loss sustained 
 by the farmers who are compelled to purchase his lands at a great 
 advance upon Govern ment price. 
 
 THE RAPID SXTTLEMrr'<T OF THE NORTH-WK8T 
 
 can best be secured by a liberal homestead law, and by offering such 
 lands as are not set apart fur honifutuads at reasonable prices to actual 
 sdtlers. To sell such lands in \inlimited cpiautities to speculators, 
 whose purpose is to pounce upon and make the settlers pay a heavy 
 advance upon the Government price, is raot^t unwise and unjust, and 
 must seriously retard settlement. To otter special inducements to 
 speculattirs by selling public lands to them at a lower price than is re- 
 quired of the actual settlor is worse tiuui tinjust, and shoidd bo con- 
 demned at the polls by every patriotic Canadian. The Government 
 should allow no middleman to como between itself and the actual 
 occupant of the soil. The public lands are the heritage of the people, 
 and ought to be managed by the Government in their interest. 
 
 THE WZLD SPECULATION 
 
 now rampant in the North- West bodes no good to this country. It 
 has alreatly reached the proportions of a mania, and must inevitably 
 end in a collapse more or less severe. A similar land speculation 
 fever in the United States in 183.') .and 3 830 was largely instrumental 
 in bringing about the crisis of 1837, which completely prostrated pub- 
 lic and private credit. The course of the Macdonald Administration 
 in adding fuel to the flame of this furious land craze, by affording 
 unprecedented facilities for the wildest land speculations, is one of its 
 greatest sins. Already millions of acres which should have been care- 
 fully reserved for the actual settler have been placed in the grasp of 
 speculative companies on terms practically amounting to sales at half 
 price, and these companies will inevitably exact from the actual settler 
 the uttermost farthing that it is possibljQ to obtain. As 
 
 ACTUAL SETTLEMENT ALONE CAN DEVELOP THE COUNTHY, 
 
 the Gt ■ iment should make every effort to secure a large immi- 
 gration of bona fide settlers, and it can well afford to make its policy a 
 liberal one. The mere question of the amount of revenue to be de- 
 rived is of minor importance. A liberal Canadian policy towards 
 settlers becomes doubly necessary from the course pursued by the 
 Government of the United States. That country has vast tracts of 
 wild land open for settlement. It fully realizes the importance of in- 
 ducing settlement, and its policy towards actual settlers is a most 
 enlightened one. If we are to compete with that country in securing 
 the rapid settlement of our public lands we must make our policy at 
 least as liberal as theirs is. Our own policy as compared with theirs 
 is not sufficiently liberal. 
 
 THE TWO POLICIES CONTRASTED. 
 
 In the United States all unappropriated public land is open for 
 homestead ; in the Canadian North- West, four sections in each township 
 are reserved for the Hudson's Bay Company and for school purposes, 
 and sixteen sections for railway grants, or for sale. Only eight sections 
 in each Unmship of thirty-six sections aie available for homesteads, or less 
 than one fourth of the whole. In the United States all unappropri- 
 ated lands are open for pre-emption ; in the North- West only eight 
 sections in each Township of thirty-six sections are available for that 
 
iiii,.ti . rf 'v v<ni, HI fiin |(l()iimi|.,, ,,( .1,1 "^ ' " I" t\ -roup 
 
 ctMnitrvrocoUMl;, ^ "'' *l'o «l'oc.,I,.it,„s ,in.| lan.l - ..".n ''"i'"'''""»- 
 
 ACRKS IIO.MSTKADEI) IN CAXADA. 
 
 J&::.: j^?.^;? 
 
 1880.. 2':;'^7' 
 
 ^^^^ 'W8,707 
 
 ACRKS H(,M,.:sri:A„ED ij,. .THE 
 I'MTKD STATK.S. 
 
 l^'^S r; •!«« -"-o 
 
 m,s() ^"'~^«,7«5 
 
 i„s H.'J;<8,7;}5 
 
 Total iicreago... l,58;j,28;{ r.., ^ 
 
 From tl.is it will 1>,. , .1 . ■"*"'''^'''^^fe'«--'!>,3itJ,l!n» 
 
 h.>n.eston.l «o,t^i' ^X^hVf *'^^ ^^"•"^•' «^'^^- *!- rate of 
 over ei;irhtfeii times L-ivih, ?) ^'*"'" >'^''^'"' '"i.s l.foi. • f, f • 
 
 Elates than in Can,,,!,,. "'> '"'•'™ '"""« fixator in tlio r„£j 
 
 In 18-0 T;*""*" '" '"'' ™"=» "ATKS. 
 
 s!^^ri -)--- HIS ;r T 
 
 PITPUL AND VACILLATING. 
 
 »5mce dill V 1st m^Q t 
 
 t 
 
 i 
 i 
 
 1 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 c 
 c 
 
 s 
 o 
 fi 
 
 6J 
 
Pacific Raihvay, dosipnaloM as BeltH A, P. 0, D mul E • ^ho fir,t S 
 
 INDUC.M.NTS TO «J™E1« JS^COMPARED WITH THIC 
 
 Sfafol",.!^"!^ ^ iH.meston.ls were n.,t Petmitte.l, wliile in the Tiiitod 
 
 I lowo 1 On?^,)" f n'u'''{ '''',"" J" ^^"-' U'"^^'^ StatL IGO acres are 
 allowed. OutHirl,. if Bolt A only 8 sections in a t(.wns|,i„ woiv on n 
 
 prt-emnttr Tiul il^f'H'?^' uut reserved for homestead aS 
 di-S Lv„ *''^.^"'^'^'^ States, public lands situated the sanie 
 
 g n.ls lov -ale up,,,, „ |,ay,„..„t „r o„e.to,tl, ,l„„„ ,m, °tl o ba 'i 
 
 THIS POLICY LASTED SEVENTY-FIVE DAYS. 
 
 1^'Jl'^ regulations of July ytli remuine<l in force iron, Aurrust l,t 
 18/9, to October 14th, 187!), wlion thev w.t.j ronl..,.o,l l.,, i .• ' 
 
 which made a change in thc'conduion? o? ii^mS^'lr^trS; d^ir 
 emj-tion ent>>ies by allowing grants an.l entries „f 1( o ' " S 1 . \Z 
 
 nn f^ i -f ;• ^f;«t",^tions as to lands the settler coul.l enter 
 and the evils ot credit sales were continued ; and in Belts JiC an D 
 ^AM^r"'"' "^^''^'■f' *he actual settler continued to be / L 75 ^v" E 
 
 ktates for lands similarly situated. Under these re.n,latio s Cln 
 lators, with heir command of caj-ital and sui)erior nieans o nS.i ti,i^^^ 
 
 fcS^ '^'' '"'"''' "'l^ r^*'•^^^^« «f ^'^"^l ^^'^^'^ bought WhS 
 §1 and ^2 per acre, much of which has since been (,a}1\ tn ?i.I i 
 
 Better at from Bo toBlO Ver acre. These^egulatbns r ahied n1 rcl 
 
 about a year and a half, and it was natural that the illibeJal terms ?o 
 
 settlers, as compare.I with those of the United States -.n 1 Ih r ■ 
 
 T'T ^^^^ ""' ^'" speculators, shouUrind alnS iflt ^u^te?;^' 
 thirds of the Canadians who were seeking homes west of OntarioT 
 
 M^iS; Sr""^' ''^"^^^^^' ^"^ ^^^- AiueiSnlfar^'o^a 
 THK THIRD [SERIES OP REGULATIONS 
 
 was issued by the Department of the Interior Undpr f>.nrv, a-. 
 Gales ceased, but the same conditions were conthmed as To Z',f 
 open to homestead and pre-emption entrv The nr?, p nf ^^"'^'' 
 
 c aims and public lands within VXay belts 24 m e fn xvi^ft'^'P^^"? 
 side of projected raihvay lines was fiSd at*|2 50 p ? acre ThT^.^ 
 of pre-emption claims and public lands outside of the Suwav b«U^ ^ 
 fixed at $2 per acre, or 75 cents per acre higher than ^^'^^*3^ felts was 
 situatiou in the U.ited Bta... "H S^?h'f pS^L^"* ■ItZ"'! 
 
)^ 
 
 10 
 
 way belt, except thoseifor raUw^^Sante^^^^^^^ the rail- 
 
 Bay reserves. The right of the seufer ;. Sf^^T,^*""'^"' ""^ Hudson 
 emption reserves rested, however imnn *K *^-^ ho.neste8<l and pre- 
 
 any time be withdmwA and sold at auctiJn tTJ""^"""?"' ^^^^^^ ^t 
 ever, will be chiefly rememberpd in .1 ^"^^^ regulations, how- 
 
 new and more perfect plan to ^°"«^q"^«'^e of the invention of a 
 
 Tl,.. ^^^f"^ '•as POOR AND FAVOR THE Rirw 
 
 bIock?J?roTn^Sr;raK^^^^^^^^^ 7 corporatiolrp'J-reha,.. i. 
 
 of the railway beL, .mmmrir/ri'o'L'c?^ f '^t^-^ «»t^de 
 
 half price, or |1 per acre, upon the condt Ln • '' •^*''^' township, at 
 each odd-numSered section,Cl a seu£ ZnV'T'I!^ *^" settlers on 
 three years, with the right o take rmXZ "nf ^*^"'f tead within 
 the amount of 1500 fo? advances t^^eh£.^^®**'^, ^°^"^stead to 
 expiration of three vears the Ldiv dui T '''^ ''"^«^'- ^^ «t the 
 place the requisite number of settlpi 1 ^ company had failed to 
 inent could either resum^ possess fnoTtl?''' *^' ^'"^'' ^^« ^e-^vem! 
 jng a per acre, in which cTe the fn3 v duaf^Jr' '' '"""' *^^ ^«"^'^"'- 
 the advantage of three years' credit nmnZ.h Z '^'"P'^^y ^om have 
 w^t</iOM< in<erefi<. Under thi/ nK , 1?^! T'^"^' ''•^ ^^' intvchase monc, 
 dual or a company rnigL%f^2l\:Zn:\fZV *''' ^'^ ^^^^^- 
 chase ,n the townships within the Lilwav belt! ft p^^^^n^^nt, pur- 
 pre-emption claims, amounting to <^ i9ff • ^'^"'^^ reserved for 
 
 «1 25 per acre being or^Sfi^^^^' L'VaS 'S/''? *r°^^^P' ^^ 
 the condition that 32 settlers ghoiildvl ^r'^S'e'i ''^« «<:<wai settler, on 
 32 settlers upon the land of the U Ih idK ?'° ^«'"««teads,'and 
 years of the date of agreement the Tn li 11^, i "''"^P^^y within three 
 purchase beins allowed to Se f^So mnT^ °^ company making the 
 for advances or loans Tl,«^.t ,1 ^ "mortgage upon each homestead 
 
 land that shonuT^oul^l^JZZ::^^'' 'i *.^ ?^ «"^«"^^' 
 32 tenants were placed unon thL^^i ^,.*° ^^^^ ^^ the settlers • if 
 would be Mmiek.v2Tt^r2^^^ of settlement 
 
 the railway belts devoted to pre-emption conii^K^ ^n townships within 
 hay'.prrce, and if at the expiration o'tJhreeea^ Tl. fi^ecutoem at 
 ditions had not been complied with ihXZ l^ *^^ settlement con- 
 consent of the GovernmenrcS'plvl I25T' "P"" ^^*^'"'"ff th. 
 interest, and take out the deed Under thiffn "'1? T^^^' without 
 scheme corrupt influences miffht ea.il v?« t f;called colonization 
 mg allotment., and in getti^<^^?ie pe JiiVinn'"^-^^?"'^^ ^"^ «^«"r- 
 waive tlie forfeiture clause at%h8 end Tf. ""* ^^^ Government to 
 ment of the regular pr c^lf comlitln! ^^^^M^^'^ and accept pay- 
 
 complied with, aUoth'^Sters ^S^rm^^^^^^^ ^^' f«^ 
 
 Interior. On the aSrd December! ^68 1, " ^ ^'''*'*'' *^^ ^^^^ 
 
 wa. issued™nd''^t™ !^!ff ^'f*'^ M«I«.ATIONS 
 
 vide that the pubUriand^sV!^^ NorSwS 1^%?^, '^l^^- P^- 
 
 deeignated as follows : ^^ortn-West shall be classifiea and 
 
 by Order.m.Co,mcil published in SetWa^Se "'''■''''• "'''"^"^ 
 
pre-emption 
 lin the rail- 
 nd Hudson 
 <l and pre- 
 }ure of the 
 il, could at 
 ttions, how- 
 ention of a 
 
 H. 
 
 ?urchast: in 
 003 outside 
 )wn8hip, at 
 settlers on 
 ead within 
 Tiestead to 
 If at the 
 
 1 failed to 
 
 2 Govem- 
 e remain- 
 ould have 
 ■ase moneij 
 an indivi- 
 lent, pur- 
 served for 
 'nship, at 
 tettler, on 
 eads, and 
 hin three 
 iking the 
 omestead 
 nount of 
 ;tlers ; if 
 ttlement 
 
 'S within 
 'lators at 
 ent con- 
 ling the 
 without 
 nization 
 n secur- 
 nent to 
 spt pay- 
 ot been 
 r of the 
 
 se pr-o- 
 3d and 
 
 of the 
 
 of any 
 proved 
 
 A 
 
 w 4 
 
 .. 
 
 11 
 
 T, S'^lf C— Embracing all lauds south of the main lino of the Canada* 
 racinu Kail way not included in classes A and B. 
 
 Class D— All lands other than those in classes A, B and C. 
 
 Under these regulations homesteads and pre-emptions are re- 
 Btricted as before to 16 sections in each township ; pre-empiions and 
 public lands are held in class C at double the price of public lands in 
 the United States similarly situated outside of railway belts, while 
 pre-emptiono and public lauds in Class D aie 75 cents per acre higher.. 
 
 AT THE MERCY OP THE MINISTER. 
 
 Under these regulations homestead and pre-emption settlers have 
 no security that their privileges will be continued or their rights re- 
 garded. They are placed at the mercy of any whim or caprice of the 
 Minister of the Interior, tcho may at. his sovereign pleamre make the 
 homestead xirovlnions of the Dominion Land Act a dead letter. Sub- 
 section C of section 2 of the regulations gives him power to withdraw- 
 homestead and pr<--emption lands from settlement, and offer them for ■ 
 eale in such towj ps as he may choose, at public auction. A part 
 or section 24 of the Dominion Land Act of 1882 contains the 
 following : 
 
 " Provided also that, except in special cases, where otherwise ordered 
 by tne Governor-m-Council, no sale to one person shall exceed a section 
 or SIX hundred and forty acres." "" 
 
 Under this innocent-looking paragraph the Government assumes - 
 the power to sell at its pleasure, to companies or individuals, un- 
 limited quantities of public lands, including the homestead f^nd pre- 
 emption reserves in class D. 
 
 THE SPECULATOR MADE LORD OP THE NORTH-WEST. 
 
 These regulations are remarkable for having introduced undei 
 the names of Colonization Plans Nos. 1 and 2 the most complete and 
 villainous scheme ever devised in America for making the hardy 
 pioneer and settler the prey of that natural enemy of all new com- 
 munities— the land-shark. Under Plan No. 1 agreements may be 
 made with any company or persons, to be called "the partv," for the 
 sale oi the public lands in class D not open to homestead and pre- 
 emption, amounting to 10,240 acres in each township and without 
 restriction as to extent, at ^2 per acre, payable one-fifth down and the 
 balance m four equal annual instalments without interest, excei^t- 
 upon past due instalments. 
 
 PLAYING INTO THE HANDS OP "THE PARTY." 
 
 ^^u * *hie expiration of five years " the party " places 32 settlers 
 upon the 32 homesteads in a township, and 32 settlers upon its own 
 lands, It IS to be entitled to a rebate of <..:.e-half the price of the land 
 and to receive its tract at $1 per acre. It may also advance to each, 
 homestead settler ^00, and take a mortgage upon his 160 acres for 
 that amount. Tn each year a rebate of $120 is granted for each bona 
 ./ide settler placed on the tract during that year ; and at the expiration 
 of the five years, if the whole number of 32 homestead and 32 other 
 settlers have not been placed in a township, "the party" is entitled tc 
 receive a rebate of $160 for each settler so placed. If the homestead 
 settler does not take entry for the pre-emption lot to which he is- 
 entitled, "the party or company may, within three montliH after the- 
 settler s right has lapsed, purchase the same. The regulations alscy 
 
12 
 
 provide that, if » the nirf v » o^ « 
 
 «i«i and fleal with " the nirtv » „, , •> ®">"'^l "'<-' snlo of the 
 
 ^tanca. This 8o-«alle!l C L. 1 17 """ »««' ""J»'- «■» ci^um! 
 
 CONCEIVE., .K THE INTEREST OF SPECULATOR, 
 
 •objections : "^'" "^ *"""d "peu to the I'oliov.in.r 
 
 uore while the actual settled- must |aV?9^•^^■"^ ^^ ^^ ^«"t« Per 
 of the same character ^^^ ^^ ^" '^^^h Per acre for lands 
 
 foL^S^nZ^t!^]^ tr ^^^ *-^* '^* ^''^If price by 
 
 3. It enables the si ecnMn?f • ' "' '"'^"^'^ ^"^ ^'^"'^■< /^"y 4 S 
 reserved for the actt.ar:: w'^^i/'^th^ttKr'!/" ^--"p'io^clS 
 elapse before availing, himself of l\.ri.it" °^'' ^^'"'^^ "^^^^^^^ t<^ 
 
 ;nfl.^i for y^^^^^t:^^ Sfe"P* P-*-- - the sale of 
 the Minister of the Interior of .fnituve^ o h?', ^7'^: ^" *'^^ ^'"^^^^ of 
 the temj.tati.m of havin-v a va n^ 1 • i ^''"•''^^^ *" -""^^J^ct him to 
 
 ciaion in favor of apiikants' 'consideration offered for his de- 
 
 A GROSS OUTRAGE. 
 
 astroust"n2!^,rel^,i;^^pjJ^^^jJ^r| t^ v.ork i«ost mischievous and dis- 
 degree of mischief. Under this'iiin nZf ""^ ,^^«^f king a still greater 
 stead lands, and all the 4e e„ 't ,„ ^ ^ ^^"^^1° ^f^ds, a// the\ome- 
 class D, to he limited onhfln T^ T^^r^./ "' l^^^f' of townships in 
 sold to speculators at .4 per acre v f o "'''• '■" ^''^^'■^'"•'^'^^, miy be 
 per acre at the expirati^/ of five Uar \? U^^l" ^T *^' l'^'"' '^ ^' 
 in each township a portion of which relntt TT ^'""T ^'^ P^^^^^^ 
 each settler place.l during tie v^,r ^I'k "^?/f^t« /^ ^^120 for 
 Under this plan the homesteaJrfnl n .• ^^ ^'""^^ ^''''^ annuallv. 
 ship is sweptaway.a^n/^ffSLTwf; '"!'')'"'' ^'^"^"''^ ^^ each towA- 
 
 •except the two school sections and tu^w / ^n ^"""^^ ^"^ ^ township 
 ^icres in each townsliip ?uTof a tot a o ' o^^^^^^ 0^20,480 
 
 condition as to the amoun ot^ ami hat 13?^^ T^?' ^^^''' ^ "« 
 the 128 who are to be introductunto p 'h . ^' ^-^^ *° ^ '^^tler, and 
 •a gnmp on su.all holcungs i one co er of fC^'^'^ ?"^ ^' ^'^■'''^ ^^ 
 be ^ew^u^s s»7yec< <o e«zc!/o/i «?//,?>, f/; /^; t'^^^fhr , or they may 
 f^o 2 great llnded e^b^:: ct 1 1 mtd'wi SiK V^'^^P^'™ 
 bodies ot great size evpn ,-f +1,^ ^^ ' ^h the lands m solid 
 
 -ith,andfhe lam s^utVe i iT Tl n^?' ''"^It"^ ^^« '^^^^^^^ 
 
 retain the title to the whot of h s Tuid ? \ 'f *^? Purchaser may 
 
 ^servants and tenants, may oUabtt Se ofl'l p^er^T" ^" '^"-"^ 
 
 THE LAND SHARK'S PROFITS 
 
 ..* .,u™.,„a«e™ of U. I.^d iu eaa.^1,;!^, SriS tS,' cSl^ 
 
 . 
 
he conditions 
 ^e sale of the 
 1' the circum- 
 
 PORS. 
 
 ctnal settler. 
 !ie foil 
 
 OV.Ulg 
 
 nse tracts of 
 ■iO cents per 
 are for lands 
 
 alf price by 
 n easy con- 
 
 payinfull. 
 t'tion claims 
 
 uiontlis to 
 
 1 the sale of 
 
 ii3 hands of 
 
 •jt'ct him to 
 
 for his de- 
 
 ls and dis- 
 till greater 
 ! the home- 
 fvnshij^s in 
 't^ may be 
 ibate of ^1 
 sen placed 
 f ai20 for 
 
 annually, 
 ach town- 
 great land 
 
 township 
 or 20,480 
 here is no 
 ttler, and 
 placed in 
 they may 
 tider plan 
 
 in solid 
 complied 
 Lser may 
 : in farm 
 
 isily per- 
 
 the sale 
 
 ives hiui 
 
 res, cost- 
 
 is 
 
 ing nothing. If the entire tract is sold at $2 per acre it leaves a profit 
 of 100 per cent. ; if at $3 per acre the profit is 200 percent. ; if at S4 
 per acre the profit is SOO per cent, 
 
 TWO SCHEMES WORTHY OP FEUDAL DAYS. 
 
 Schemes such as the so-called Colonization Plans No. 1 and No. 2 
 are worthy of the feudal days, when the tiller of the soil was a vassal 
 or a common chattel belonging, like any other beast of burden, to liis 
 landlord. They do not belong to a civilized land or a progressive 
 age. They are framed in the interest of speculation alone. They 
 trample upon the rights of the only class which can found communi- 
 ties and develop the resources of Canada. They were conceived and 
 ehapen in inirpiity and brought forth in sin, and the Government 
 guilty of such a crime deserves the scorn of every honest man, and 
 especially of him who tills the soil or earns his bread by the sweat of 
 his brow, for it is his dearest interests that have been sold to political 
 favorites and conscienceless land gamblers, 
 
 WHAT HAS ALREADY BEEN DONE. 
 
 Already 7,000,000 acres of land have been granted, and applications- 
 for 3,000,000 more have been agreed to. These grants under Plan 
 No, 1 would absorb all the public lands not reserved for homestead and 
 pre-emption in 978 townships. Under Plan No. 2 it would take all the 
 public lands, thehomestcad lands, and the pre-emption lands in 4S9 town- 
 ships. The effect of thiscoui'se upon immigration into the North- West 
 in the near future will be disastrous. The settlers now flocking into 
 that country will find no available lands for sale. Under Plan No. 1 
 it will be found that landed com|)anies control all the accessible lands- 
 except the homestead and pre-emption reserves, and there is no guaran- 
 tee that the last refuge of the actual settler vrill not be swept away by 
 selling homestead and pre-emption reserves at auction to the greedy 
 friends of the Government— the grasping speculators. Aside from pre- 
 emption claims the settler will find 
 
 SCARCELY AN ACRE OF LAND FOR SALE 
 
 at Government prices. The speculator has bought it at half price, 
 and will sell to the settler at a hundred per cent, advance, or as much 
 more as he can get from him. So great an outrage upon those who 
 emigrate to the North-West for the purpose of securing land and mak- 
 ing themselves homes has fortunately been hitherto unknown in the 
 legislation of Anglo-Saxon states, 
 
 TIMBER LIMITS AND PASTURE LEASES. 
 
 Not alone in its management of the agricultural lands of the North- 
 West is the policy of the Macdonald Government open to grave objec- 
 tion. Valuable timber limits may be let to political favorites without 
 competition or public sale, and pasture leases of immense tracts of 
 lands for cattle-ranches may be disposed of in the same improper 
 manner, 
 
 THC TRUE POLICY. 
 
 The public lands should be held by the Government as the heritage 
 of the hardy :eT>. who reclaim and till them, and who, in doing so, are 
 compelled to Iriive the dangers and privations of the wilderness. If 
 tlie lands are sold they should be sold to the actual settler at first cost, 
 and no middleman should be allowed to come between the Govemmenfc 
 
14 
 
 first coat. = '""" "' " '««>''J' advance uDon the 
 
 THE POSITION OF THE LIBEBAI. PABTY. 
 
 the^ffio t„a?"5';S D'o.tr'lS SUeJaY 'tT'^' -'«»'» - 
 «iUivocal and stalcsmanlike prWon it ^i'','"'''' '^ ''''•» '"' """ 
 
 ^.^.^d heHta^e in the ruSdtaif 1 Sir tlVTrr^-'^^^f 
 
 .pec^.teoraThfe'"""'™" '""""' "'"'''" '^'•™»»'>1 'land,,o 
 .ataL''^""-"^ ^*^ " -•-'"'«' «° create in Canada great landed 
 
 .urste^rii'tifhtaJl'"'™'™ *"' '™-' «^*- which i, the 
 
 uito the coffers of the land-grabhers ' ""= J'ference going 
 
 heiteroTtiVprpfe't tKe'iSV"" ''"'™ "^ """*- ta- 
 followers and gamblers. * °' ° »mparativcly few camp- 
 
 TBE LESSONS OP A CaWTVRV 
 
 enlighi^LTsSSSrthtVn-SXttl'X^^^^^ ""''^ "- «■= 
 of nearly a century in the management of ™ St i' j"' «« ^''Penence 
 ■8 Bubstantially the same as that ofbolh th.?i!^ f '^i''- "» P"'"™ 
 States, as well as the WortinomW. it • ^?'Pi»-'iesof the United 
 
 2 1880, the Repnbli'can Co'nvSn £"essil n'or"""^'. °» '""^ 
 foUowjng a, a part of its platform Chicago, adopted the 
 
 any rlKro^^h*!; XorXr^"'*^ P"'"" ->»■»«■■ "-M ■« mad,., 
 
 »lely, anV'p-ubKdt SyseSi?^."'" "="" *" ^"Mio purpose. 
 .asr&lL^^lt^nTtlTr?"^^ 
 
 Th.. ..™" '"»«*' «>"CV FOUMULATBD. 
 
 pithily e7pSed)^ fe. Bhke1n''5,?dl ^"""r "^ "««« ™ 
 opening of the late Sesln : ■ '?.k*° H„rt ^ ™ ..^^ Addre.,; at the 
 ailopted year by year for the North-Wes? h„ T. ' X° ™<'' "« •""» 
 
 -.0 Committee oflTply, S reTfot ot*; :^'°"'^ «"«^ '»^ ^ 
 
ease his hard- 
 mce upon the 
 
 r. 
 
 s* interests in 
 taken an iin- 
 
 i unmeasured 
 
 the chicanery 
 people their 
 
 lory (Joveru- 
 
 sts of specu- 
 ^d democratic 
 
 XTal lands to 
 
 great landed 
 
 which is the 
 
 5 pay vastlv 
 erence aoin<y 
 
 o O 
 
 priceless in- ' 
 ' few camp- 
 
 'y takes the 
 t experience 
 Its position 
 the United 
 On June 
 adopted the 
 
 be made to 
 
 on in Cin- 
 
 c purposes 
 
 ted States 
 
 people, for 
 
 
 15 
 > 
 
 Mr. Charlton moved in amendment, that Mr Si)eaker do not now 
 eave the chair, but that it be 
 
 Resolved, — That the present Land Regulations provide that odd- 
 numbered sections in the Canadian Norih-West, outside of the Canadian 
 Pacific Railway Belt, shall be open to sale without conditions of settlement. 
 
 That the so-called Colonization Plan No. 1, provides that parties may 
 purchase large tracts of land on credit at $2 per acre, with a proviso for the 
 rebate of one-half of the price on certain conditions, thus reducing the cost 
 to $1 per acre ; or one-half the price charged to individual settlers for their 
 pre-emptions, or other purchases in odd sections. 
 
 That the so-called Colonization Plan No. 2, provides that parties may 
 purchase large tracts embracing all the Government lands within their area 
 (from which homestead and pre-emption settlers are thus to be excluded), 
 paying $2. per acre, without any cypress conditions of forfeiture in case of 
 non-settlement, and with the additional advantages of a large rebate, 
 amounting under certain conditions to ^1 per acre from the price, in case 
 the purchasers choose to effect a so-called settlement within each township, 
 but without any provision as to the acreage to be given, or the interest to 
 be secured to each so-called settler. 
 
 That these regnlations are calculated injuriously to affect the future of 
 the country by facilitating the creation of large landed estates, by placing 
 extended areas of the choicest lands in the hands of speculators, who have 
 favorable opportunities of securing them in anticipation of the settler, and 
 who may hold tliem for a large advance to be paid by the ultimate settler, 
 whereby the country will gain nothing in price, and will lose throiTgh the 
 diminished ability of the settler to contribute to the public revenues. 
 
 That in the opinion of this House, our kim should be to people the 
 agricultural regions of the North- West with independent freeholders, 
 each cultivating his own farm, and paying therefor no more than the public 
 treasury receives ; and that, save in the case of town plots, or other excep- 
 tional cases, the sale of North- West agricultural lands should, as a rule, be 
 made to actual settlers only, on reasonable conditions of settlement, and ia . 
 <[uantitie8 limited to the area which can be reasonably occupied by a settler. 
 
 The motion was lost on a strictly party vote. Yeas (Liberals), 47 ; 
 Nays (Tories), 112. 
 
 ibject was 
 ss, at the 
 ' we have 
 
 > FOR THB 
 
 rth in the 
 
 2- htr M~ 
 
 ley to go