IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I ■- IIIIIM IM 2.2 la Mi - lis lii 10 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 -< 6" — ► ^ <^ /a w ^> i^ /A W/y ? Photographic Sdences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ^ iP V iV <> % V O"^ ^ (meaning "CON- TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim6e sont film6s en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commengant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — »> signifie "A SUIVRE". le symbole V signifie "FIN". 32 X Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The followirvg diagrams illustrate the method: 1 2 3 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul clichd. il est filmd d partir de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 A SMITHSONIAN CONTIUUUTIONS TO KNOWLKDGE. — — 146 METEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS A II C TIC S E A S BY SIR FRANCIS LEOPOLD M'CLLNTOCK, R.N. MADE ON DOAUD TUE ARCTIC SKARCIIINn VACIIT ..FOX," IN BAFFIN BAY AXI. PUISCE UliUJiNT'S 1M,ET, IN 1837, ISOS, AND IS6U UEDUCED AND DISCUSSED, AT THE EXPENSE OF TUB SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION. » BT Cll A RLES A. SCIIOTT, ASSISTANT U. S. COAST SUIIVKV. [ACCEPTED FOR rr BI, K' ATIOR , AI'KII,, 1 P (i ] . ] C0I.I.IN8, PIUNTEU. FHILADELPIIIA. I CONTENTS. List of Ii.i.ustratiovs Preface PAnR V vii J'AKT I.— T EM PER A TURKS Record and discussion af the temperature Tabulation of record Discussion of tlie annual variation of the temperature of the air Discussion of the diurnal variation of the temperature of the air Table of hourly values of the variation of temperature <'onnection of the lunar phases with the changes of temperature Effect of the winds on the atmospheric temperature Temperature of the soil ... Temperature of tlie sea . Table of monthly means of temperature registered by modern Arctic expeditions, I.y'fnptain McCJintook 3* 1 is 22 2;i 27 2S 30 32 3fi Part II.— WINDS. Record and diseu.ssion of the direction and force of the wind-Introdudory ren.ark.s Record of the observations Jlethod of reduction ... Average velocity of the residting wind .... Average velocity of the winds .... Relative frequency of the winds . Relative cpiantity of air passed over the place of ol)scrvalion Rotation of the winds . Occnrrenre and dnration of storms Part II I.— ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. Record and reduction of the observations for atmospheric pressure-Introductory remarks Record of the ol)servntions Comparison of the readings of the aneroid and mercurial barometers Resulting moan 4.hourly and mean monthly readings of the mercurial barometer in the months of .September, l.sr.7, and February and April, isns . , . , 3!) 40 f)2 CO 07 0!l 70 71 73 70 81 99 100 IV CUNTKNTS Diurnal Vfiriation of ihp atmosplicric prrssiire Annual variation of the atmnHplicric pressure . . , Diurnal extremes Monthly and annual extremes .... Relation of the atmospherir pressure to the direction of the wind 101 104 106 106 lOT APPENDIX Kecord of the weather kei)t on board the Yacht "Fox," from July 2, 1857, to September 18, 1859; with notes of the speciOc gravity of sea water, on the state of the ico, appcnrance of animals, etc. etc. ; on the aurora borealis and ntmosphcric phenomena . . .Ill Tabulation of auroras, widi observations and notes, by Dr. Dnvid Walker . . . 146 ILLUSTRATIONS. PLATES. Chart showing the tracks of the yacht "Fox" in the Arctic regions under command of Ca^,. tain (now Sir) Francis L. Al'Clintock, R. N., 1857-185!). Xcwly projected for tiie Smithsonian Institution, by Charles A. Sciiott, Assistant TJ. S. Coast Survey, ISfil. Scale 1 : 15,000,000. (Frontispiere.) I'AilF Figure A, Figure B. Figure C. Figure 1. Figure 2. Figure 3. Figures 4- Figure 9. Figure 10. Figure 11. Figure 12. WOODCUTS. Diagram showipg the annual fluctuation of llic temperature of the air at Furl Kennedy . . , Diagram sliowing the diurnal amplitude of tlie temperature Diagram showing the diurnal variation of the temperature Diagram showing tlie mean velocity of the winds in Uaffln's Day, at Port Ken ncdy, and at Van Rensselaer's I'l'bor .... Diagram showing the relative fre., „„ y of the winds at the same places . Diagram showing relative quantity of air passed over at the same places . -8. Diagrams illustrating five storms at ISafTin's Ray . 7 } Diagram showing the diurnal variation of atmospheric pressure in RnlTin'.-; Hn'- Diagram showing the same for Port Kennedy Diagram showing a halo and purnselenii', Deccnilier 4, 1S57 Diagram of a halo, March 7, 1S5S 21 24 2(i CS 70 71 . 75, 70 103 104 lit) 123 I' UK I- ACE. Thk following s,.ri.s of rchicvd motcoroloKiral obsorvutions have be.n prrparoci hum Uw RTonls kept on hoard t\w yacht "Fox,"i,. ls-,7, '-.S, 'M dnrin!' fhr M^;!n;R.r" °' ''^ '""" "■'"''"-' """^••- '"'• -"'--"'«'• ^■''•' The records of those observations were presente.l by the commander of the rxpod.t.on to the Institution, to be used in such manner as mi-d.t be .leen.ed best smted to advance the science of meteorology. They were acan.lin.Iv placed .n the hands of Mr. Charles A. Schott, of the U. S. Coast Survey, to be .lie ,sse in accordance w.th the plan proposed by Sir John llerschel in hi's work on meteor- ofjy, an.l whuh was adopted in regard to the records made during the ^■ova..c. of Dr Kane ,n the Arctic regions. These reductions form a part of a series of uSch. on the climatology of the Arctic portions of the North American continent ich ^•e in the course of preparation and publication by the Smithsonian Inst tl Of these the mveshgations relative to the winds of th.. Nortnern Hemisphere, bv t is l'T\ f,f "'^^'""^ ^y ^''- J^'^"^"' ^^^^ those by Dr. Hayes, ftnm portimi^ 1 to be hoped that an opportunity will be afforde.l for a thorough discussion of a 1 the observations which have been made by the different Arctic'explore on a similar plan, smce such a work would not only throw much light on the climatolo-n of the continent of North America, but also on the meteorology of the gloTe '' n.Ja;i,^'lr;r? '""' "T""* 1 '•^r ^'^^''^^"^ "^ " ^^^^ ^"^•" ^-"l-il-l from the . -M.atue of the commander, and other sources, will perhaps l,e of service in ren e ling the o .orvauons more easily understood, as well as ^f interest to tLo ^ i made :!1 ' '''''' '' ''" """'" ''"'^"^ ^^''^^'^ ''^' compilation has been Sir John Franklin was appointc. in 1845 to the command of an expedition consisting of two ships, the Urdus and Terror, fitted out for a furth ■ r aSm to Now Sic Francis Lfopold McCliritock, VI u It KI'ACK, l.iitly iTiiiiklin look I lie Itiul, and by hrr unwcnriod labors niul sacrifircs aroused the syinpafliy of tli(> whole civilized world. Aid was oli'ered by Franco ami even by Tasniania. Citizens of tlie I'liited States rei>li('d to Iier tail by ei>inf,' two expeditions, the expense of which was principally borne by Mr. Henry (jiriauell, of New York. In Anf,nist, iSoO, traces of the niissinf,' explorers were discovered, wIk re they had spent tiieir first winter, bnt no further tidings were obtained until the spring of iM'j-t, when Dr. Uae, of the Hudson's 15ay Company, ascertained that they had been seen by the Estjuimaux on the west coast of King \N'illiani's Island, in the spring of IS')(), and it was thought that they had all died on an estuary of the great Fish Kivtr. Tlie attempt, in 18")"), of the Hudson's Hay Company to explore this river resulted in obtaining but little additional information, and a few relics from the Esquimaux. It was at this time that I.ady Franklin, wjui had previously sent out three ex- peditious at her own expense, again earnestly urged Uie renewal of the seardi, that the fate of licr husband and his companions miglit not be left in uncertainty, and in the spring of IH'jT commenced the preparations for another expedition as a final effort to trace "the footste])s of these gallant men in their last journey upon earth," and, if possible, to rescue from entire loss some of tb.'j scientific results for which they had sacrificed their lives. The small steamer F'ox, of 177 tons burthen, was purchased for the service, and hady Franklin was highly gratified in obtaining the willing service of Captain INI'Cliutock as commander of the expedition. This officer had signally distin- guished himself in the .voyages of Sir James lloss and Admiral Austin, and espe- cially in his extensive journeys on the ice when associated with Captain Kellctt. The voyagers sailed from Aberdeen, July 1st, 1807, and after a favorable run across the Atlantic, passed Cape Farewell, tlic southern point of Greenland, on the Kith, and arrived at Fred(>ricshaab on the 19th of the same month. After stopping to take in coal at Waigat, they reached Upernavik, the most northerly of the Danish stations in Gi'ccnland, and then bore away, on the Gth oi August, directly westward for the purpose of crossing Baffin's 15ay; bnt, on the evening of the 8th, their progress in that direction was stopped by impenetrable ico.in Latitude 72° W and Longitude 5i)° 50' west. They then steered northward with the hope of finding a passage westward in a higher latitude, but in this they were disappointed, and, on the l!)th of August, became entangled in the ice, and thus remained two hundred and forty-two days, until April, 1858. During this period, the "F^x" drifted from Latitude 75° north and liongitude 62° west, eleven hundred and ninety- four geographical miles in a southerly direction, almost to the lower extremity of Greenland. (Sec the accompanying map.) On the 2Gth of April, the ice suddenly and almost entirely disappeared ; the ship was again headed northward for another attempt, and arrived on the lOth of June in Melville Bay. They then again steered westward across Baffin's Bay, and, finally, entered Lancaster Sound in the beginning of August. They next sailed westerly and southerly until they reached the Longitude of !)()° west, and about Latitude T6° north. F'rom this point, they returned eastward through Barrow's I'UKFACE ^ Straits, which thry found clear of ice, nnd wont southrrly down I'lincc Ui.«c.nt\s Inh-t to tho mouth of «,.ll„t h..ait8, whore they arrived on the 20th of August, and near wluelj they were destined to remain for more th.n a year Hellot Strait, whieh ,s near l,atitude 72^ north, is tho water commuuieation between 1 nnoo Rupert'^ Inlet and that part of tho western sea now known as lianklm Channel. It separates tho extreme northern part of the continent of Nor h Amenea, or Jootlua Fc-lix, from North Somersc>t. Tl... shores of this strait are faced in many places with lofty granite clifls, and son.e of tho adjacent hills rise to fifteen or sixteen hundred foot ahove the level of tho sea. Through this channel .the tulo runs at the rate of six or seven knots an hour, and also fn-rp.ent .tormy winds blow from the west which probably affect the local meteorology of the country 'inmodiately around tho eastern ontraneo At tho tir.o of the arrival of the expedition, this strait was choked up with masses of ,co, but as tho season advanced those obstacles so far gave way that tho voyagers were enabled to work tho ship through t Mo western outlet. 13ut beyond Ins point they wore unable to advance further in tho same direction, and on accou^ of the exposed position they wore obliged to return and seek for safer winte quarters. Iheso they found near tho eastern entrance of the strait in a cZmo tr^TfVT'. I'^f ^-"--')- At this place they remained fro"en n^Z the 27th of September, 1858, until tho Oth ot August 1859 Early in tho spring, three exploring parties sot out from Port Kennedy in dif-' kuent directions, severally under tho command of Captain M'Clintock C pt . Young and Lieutcaant Ilobson. Tho routes travorsei by these purtic ' in h ijooinia .cJix, and the entire circumference of Kin" AVilliam's 1 in,l 'i'i,„c «,.«■«.■„,„ f„„,i,W importan. „,„n,i„„, ,„ ,„, „,„ „°f X,' "^ ^'^ - companions. On tUo western coast of King wuii„,„.s i,,„„,, ,„ , .. " Irom tins record, the following fects wore obtaincl, namely, the Franklin Expo Ifter Z r ''°""','"' "'"'"■'" "y P-"-«°" °f «-- ■™ai»«l abo^ ,X k^ 11 mcosumbly .,tt,uned, Ihc oxiJorers in the Vox waited for the advanc,. T'REFACK. of the season to be released I'roin the ice, but though the summer at Port Kennedy was a warm one, they were not able to move before the 9th of August. At this time they commenced their homeward voyage and arrived at Portsmouth on the 23d of September following. During the whole time of the exploration of "the Fox," a regular series of obser- vations was made upon the temperature, the pressure and movements of the atmos- l)here, as well as upon the variations of the elements of terrestrial magnetism, the tides, &c. The meteorological observations were under the care of Dr. David Walker, of Belfast, and were made at ecjual intervals of time during day and night. In winter they were generally taken at intervals of two hours ; and in summer of four hours. Occasionally, there are found some irregularities in the time of observation, and omissions noted in the records, but these are of rare occurrence, and are corrected approximately in the reductions. The reductions have been made at the expense of the Smithsonian Institution, by Mr. Schott, whose previous labors in the reduction of the observations of Dr. Kane have met with general approval. The scries of observations is divided into three parts, relating to the followipg subjects, namely : — 1. The temperature. •i. The direction and force of the winds. -i. The pressure of the atmosphere. To these are added, in an appendix, miscellaneous phenomena, such as the face of the sky, appearance of plants and animals, auroras, "(fee. The following remarks relative to the observations are from communications addressed by Captain M'Clintock to the Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution : — " I have much pleasure in transmitting to you the meteorological records of my whole voyage in the Fox. I have had my two-hourly observations for the tempe- rature and pressure of the air reduced according to the method adopted in Kane's observations, but they have not been published in any book, nor do I think they will be, the time required and the expense being an objection. Admiral Fitzroy has published in the fourth number of the Meteorological Papers of the Board of Trade a part of my observations [the temperature for noon, the face of the sky, and tin; specific gravity of sea water, &c., without reduction], which I fear will not be sufficient for your purpose. You are at full liberty to make any use you may think fit of the observations, and should you deem thorn worthy of publication, it would afford me much pleasure." " I think :; better to send the whole record than to make extracts which would increase the chance of error and perhaps not be sufficient after all. You will thus be able to trace my drift down Baffin's Bay and Davis' Straits and to compare it with De Haven's drift. "My magneticul observations are in the hands of General Sabine. In the I PREFACE. XI apppiidix of tho spcond pdition of my narrative, now pultlislicd, yon will sec an aiticlo oil the Tides, as also one upon the Geology, by I'lofessor Ilaughton. Observations upon Halos, &c., with the Polariscope, have been sent to Professor Stokes; a series of earth temperatures, to Dr. Jos. Hooker, of Kcw Botanic Gardens, as also the specimens of dried and living plants. Natural history specimens have also been made over to scientific friends of tlie Expedition, my sole object being, to render our labors subservient to scientific ends, and with the least possibl(> delay." " I quite agree with Kane's remarks as to the increase of cold during full moon. The fact was noticed as far back as 1829-30, by Sir John Ross, in the Victory. " I also agree with you in opinion that the apparent quantity of ozone depends upon the velocity of tlie air which has free access to the box containing the pre- ]»ared paper." " I likewise think that when you have fully examined my data now in your posses, sion you w"' 'i a great measure subscribe to my opinion as to the ice-movement [as connecu .. with the wind]. I referred in my letter only to the winter move- ments of the ice when there is no discharge of water whatever from the land, and when the precipitation in the northern regions is reduced to its minimum. The Barrow Strait stream is almost lost in the vast expanse of Baffin's Bay, but its line is tolerably well indicated by De Haven's drift. The entire current which brings such quantities of ice round Cape Farewell, and up to about 65° N., appears to be deflected off shore to the westward by banks which lie in about the latitude of 67°. It sweeps very swiftly past Cape Walsingham, curvr;s southward, and having united with Barrow Strait current continues its course do\Nu»vard along the Labrador coast; so that the labrador current is not due, in my opinion, so much to v^l r flowing from the upper part of Baffin's Bay as to tlio Arctic current which sets around Cai>e Farewell from the East." "The long drift of the Terror through Hudson's Straits in 1836-37 appears to me to be another instance of the effect of wind upon the ice, as in this case it does not seem possible that any considerable current could always, that is to say all winter, set out of Hudson's Bay. But it is my anxious endeavor to bring to light facts instead of advancing hypotheses, and I do know from repeated observations in the Fox, in 1837, and in H. M. S. Bulldog during the past summer, that the Arctic currents [from around Cape Farewell] flow northward along the coast of Greenland— off F Jerickshaab, for instance, at from eighteen to twenty-four miles daily, and that West India seeds have been borne by it as far north as Egedesminde, which is. in about 68° of north latitude. Our observations, there- fore, upon the volume of water setting out of Baffin's Bay [on the west side] should not be extended south of this point without making considerable allowance for the current wliich flows around Cape Farewell, and northward up the coast." In one of his communications. Captain M'Clintock states that the beams of the aurora were most frequently seen in the direction of open water, or else in that of places where vapor was rising. In some cases, patches of light could be plainly seen a few feet above a small mass of vapor over an opening in the ice. This observation is in accordance with a deduction from an examination of a large number Xll TREFACK of not,rr.s of tlio aurora in tl.o voyages of Arctic explorations by Potor Force E.n of ^\aslnngton; published in Vol. VIII. of Smithsoniar, Contributions ( n IsJcn namely, "that on the Atlantic Ocean, and other open water, the aurora is 1 t ^ quent and most bnlliant." These facts would appear to favor the hypothS that a,rora displays arc due to electrical discharges between the air and tl reart s no "Ict-:^^^^^^ ""''' ^' ■''-' '' l^'^^"^' ''^ '"^^'-^"P*^'* ^y ^ «^-tum of' non! slott onT^'r'"? .T"^' '" '""''?'' '^' '"^"^^ '^ '^' *°-^' i« drawn by Mr. Schott on the plan of the projection known as the polyconic, which is a develop- nient of the earth s surface on cones tangent to each parallel of latitude ; the radius be.ng the distance between the arc of the parallel and the earth's axis loints of intersection of the parallels and the meridians are, according to Mr Srhot read, ,y computed by substitution in the following formula-, in which .r ancj L, and iV the normal ending at the polar axis. x = NcosL{n — "' sin- L + . . .) fj = N cos L ('J sin X — ^ sin' L + . r.) This projection is used in the United States Coast Survey, and is described in tlie Report of the Superintendent, Dr. Bache, for 1859, Appendix, 33. Smithsonian Institution, WAsniNOTON, Pcccnibpr, ISOii. JOSEPH HENRY, Secretary S. T. ■M PART I. TEMPERATURES. RECORD AND DISCUSSION OF TEMPERATURES. The registers lierewith presented include observations extending over twenty- seven months, and amount to a total number of upwards of seven thousand. The time is given in civil reckoning, and the latitude and longitude refer to noon each day (unless otherwise stated). All necessary explanations are contained in the notes accompanying the tables in which the observations are given. The following statement is made in the preface to the Record : The registering thermometers were frequently compared with the standard thermometers supplied from Kew Observatory, and may be considered as free from sensible error. The corrections were deduced from the following table, furnished by Captain McClin- tock : — "A Table bhowino the CoMrAnisoNS op Six Ther.mometeks, made at Different Temi'eratuhes, ON BOAKD THE YacHT FoX. The Kew Standards were most beautiful instruments, too valuable to leave exposed. Newman's, being filled with colored spirit, were more easily read off during winter. No. IC having been used in 1850-51, enables ua to compare the temperatures of tliat winter with those of the Fox. TlIEnMOHETERS COMl'ABED. .a s. it li li ll to 3" 1" '-■1 ii ii if aj 1 .1 gi ■a 1 d Kew standard J (mercury), No. 19 21.7 + 2.4 0.4 10.4 12.7 13.0 14.1 15.2 24.0 29.2 33.8 36.3 37.3 39.7 — — — 34.7 Kow Standard (whiteiip'it),No.8 21.3 2.2 0.4 10.8 12.9 13.4 14.2 10.0 24.9 .iO.O i t 31.8 37.0 38.5 40.8 41.0 41.3 48.5:36.31 Kew Standard j (whitesp'it),No.6 f 21.1 2.2 0.3 10.5 12.7 13.1 14.0 15.5 24.7 30.0 34.5 37.3 38.4 40.T 40.9,41.2 48.0 35.81 Newman (colored J spirit), No. 11' 21.3 3.0 1.1 10.7 12.7 12.8 14.0 : 15.2 i 24.0 29.2 34.1 , , 37.7 39.1 39.3 '40.1 46.0 .15.7 Newman (colored \ spirit), No. 7' 21.8 3.7 11.9 . . 15.2 24.2; .. , . 36.3 37.5 38.8 38.9 39.5 .•i6.3 Newman (colored spirit), No. 16" / 20.8 3.0 1.4 11.8 13.5 1 13.4 15.2 16.5 25.5 30.6 39.6 40.4 1 1 40.7,41.3 47.8 37.9 ' This thermometer was used throughout the winter of 1857-58 ns the "registering tliermometer"— sul)seq\iently broken. » Tiiis thermometer was used from Scptemlwr, 1858, to August, 18.')9. It has been brouglit home. = Tiiis tliermometer was used on board U. M. S. Assistance, ut Uriflith's Island, during the winter of 1850-51 ; has been brought home. ;| 4* RECOllD AND DISCUSSION OP TEMPEllATUllKS. i^l^l ^''"'""'^ ^*^' ^^^^' "'" '"'^'■'""^^ «t^"d^'-d No. 19 fell steadily to -40° «> • tl n the me.-cury appeared to freeze, and descended into the bulb Had t^!tem been gradua ed down to the neck of the bulb, it would then have ndicated -TO^ teturtl il """? '".'^' "P '"^ ' «"^^" *-""be remained fluid Two oL oTer t i-^^0^^^^^^ ^''''' i-trument.) were exposed; one fell to -^2° h t ken a d stan;e from tZf '"'' JT 1* of observations ; the thermometers ;ere T.k n! T P.. ? "P' ^"'^ ^'"''^ suspended at Ave feet above the snow " Taking the mean of the three Kew standards Nos 19 8 nnrl a „ i ^" the same with the readings of Newman, Nos 11 and 7 w4ltain th^Hr""^ corrections to each of the registering thermometers^- ' " '^' ^""'^''^"^ S IS'' I Moan of Nos. 19, J ' , J „ „ 8, and 6 r^''' 2.3 Corr'n to New- ) ' i « J « - man, No. U j-.+O.!— 0.7 Corr'n to New- j I „ ,' man, No. 7 J-.— 0.4— 1,4 g«5 0.4 +0.7 10.6 ' 12.8 13.2 3 : enu S2 14.1 15.6 1 24.5 29.7^34.4 36 9 38.1 +0.1_0.l'-0.4-O.I_0.4_0.5-0.5Lo.3' .. Lo,4 fi ^3 —1.3 —0.4 —0.3, —0.6 —0.8 40.4 41.0 41.2 48.2 js^ 35.6 -1.3-1.7-l.lL2.2'+0.i —1.6-2.1 —1.7 +0.7, appt" t:- '°' " *"" ""' "" '"""""'^ ™" -™«- «y p^p^ri, be For thermometer, Newman No. 11, used in winter 1857-58- Between 0° and —39°, _oo o " -39 " -48, -1,6^ For thermometer, Newman No. 7, used from Sept. 1858 to Ang. 1859- Between 0° and —39°, _o° 5 " -39 " -48, -1.8 of the Meteorological Re^rTn the fourth ri f ^' " ''^'""^ ^''"^ ?" ^ authority of the Board of'Sade?- "°'^''' °^ '^' ^^^^^^ P"^"«^«^ J^^ Newman, No. 16, Pastorelli, No. 19, No, 23. Spirit Tubrmomkters. Corrections at 32° -fO.5 + 1.9 + 0.7 62° + 0.7 + 1.2 + 0.3 72° + 0.4 + 0.1 —0.2 Compared at Kew, Nov. 1859. I RECORD AND D I S C U S S I X F T E M P E R A T U R E 8. 5* ( MeKCUIUAL TlIEHMO.METERb Cdrrbctioss at 42° (i2-' U>>0 Negretti A 4it9, —0.1 —0.1 —0.2 11 500, 0.0 —0.2 —0.3 t a 11 501, — O.l —0.2 —0.3 s 11 502, —0.1 —0.2 + 0.1 1" ^ 11 503, —0.1 —0.3 —0.3 ^ 11 504, 0.0 —0.2 -0.3 J 1 Negretti, A 500, —0.;! —0.:; —0.4 11 501, —O.I —0.4 —0.4 tt 502, —0.4 —0.4 —0.1 ■ ? it 503, —0.4 —0.5 —0.4 •!-> 11 504, —0.2 —0.3 —0.4 •< Compared at Kcw, Feb. 1857. Compared at Kcw Observatory. The corrections in regard to the barometer are exphiincd in the third part of the series, on page 79. Te.mi'Euatuue of the Aiu in Siiahe oitsEiivEit on iioauii the Vaciit l'"o.\. ([ExpreHued in degroes of Falirenhoit's scale.) July, 18B7. Diiy of thu 1 41. 1 gh i Nuon. 4>' 8>i 1 ; Mi'ln't. Mean. Doiluped iiiciiitb. ""'"'■ . ' (lr..c.n«i>-h. ' i 1 - 1 - I ninan. 1 ] Aberiluen . . i . . ! . . * . . 1 I 2 1 68° lU' .10 ,),-? 1 .. i . . j 57' i , , 57.2° 3 68 56 4 i.'i . , 1 67° 1 67.5 , , , , 57.7 4 59 45 7 Iti , , 54 , , , , 49 , . . 52.0 6 GO 18 / 13 49 , . 49.6 , , , , 53 . . 51.7 6 60 1 15 1 53.5 56° 6(t° 56.5 5.V' , , 50.1 7 60 6 15 42 .'J4° 58 61 61 67 57 58.0° 8 60 38 19 20 69 59 69 59.6 66 55 57.9 9 61 17 26 40 55 55 57 57 55 51 55.0 . \ 10 61 10 28 66 52 63 65 54 64 54 53.7 11 61 3 32 49 53 54 66 53 52 51 53.2 12 59 ,37 an 44 50 50 50.5 60 48 47 49.3 13 59 19 41 38 46 48 48 4(! 44 40 46.3 14 69 24 ■M 48 44 40 44 47.5 44 44 43.9 15 60 6 48 19 44 43 41.6 43 41.5 41 42.3 16 (To 24 49 40 43 41 43 44 39 1 41 41.8 . 17, 61 22 50 36 35 36 37 36 33 33 35.0 . . 18 61 57 50 11 32 32 34 35.5 37 36 34.4 19 Fredorickshaab 40 , , , , , , 40.5 20 u 44 40 41 40 41 3(i 40.3 21 ... ... 36 41 43 43 , , 31 38.8 22 62 26 51 5 34 36 36 36 37 37 36.8 2.3 1 ' , Fiskernaea 38 41 42 64 49 45 44.8 24 63 30 1 52 10 43 40 41 41 41 39 40.8 25 j Off Goodhaab 38 38 40 41 41 38 39.3 2G 64 7 ■ 53 15 39 41 41 41 40 39 40.2 27 ! 64 34 55 40 38 40 39 30 38 38.6 28 ! 65 1 65 20 36 37 39 39.5 40 39 38.4 29 i 67 23 55 30 38 39 38 42 39 39 39.2 30 68 29 55 12 38 42 42 41.5 40 41 40.8 31 Lievely 44 j 45 45 45 43 42 44.0 Mean 62.0 39.1 Correction to re +44.78 +45.24 1 +46.46 +47.24 +45.36 day = — +44.20 0°.03. +45.56 fer to mean from 24 observations in a August, 1857. 1 ??? Latitudo Longitude of the north. west of 41, 8i> Noon. 41, 8I1 Midn't. Mean. month. Greenwich. 1 1 In Disco Fiord 42° 45° 44° 44° 44° 43° +43.7 45.0 2 69° 7' 1 52° 58' 45 44 45 46 45 45 3 Off Issung Point 43 44 45 46 48 61 46.2 4 At Rittenbonk 51 50 51 47 40 39 46.3 5 71 7 1 55 25 38 39 41 43 40 40 40.2 6 Off Upernavik 41 , , 44 40 37 41.2 7 72 42 58 1 34 33 33 34 34 31 33.2 8 72 34 69 47 29 30 34 35 37.5 40 34.2 9 73 19 68 43 38 33.5 35 34 34 34 34.7 10 74 29 58 38 36 35 36 33.5 33 32 34.1 11 74 45 59 26 32 33 36 36 34 32 33.8 12 75 6 59 20 28 30 34 36 36 33 32.8 13 75 11 69 4 32.6 35 46 37 37 32 36.6 14 75 9 59 11 34 34 36.5 37 38 33 35.4 15 75 9 59 11 33 35 39 30 34 32 34.8 16 75 7 69 29 31 34 36 36.6 32 31 33.4 17 75 10 61 18 31 31 31 33.6 32 31 31.6 18 75 17 62 8 29 30 33 36 32 29 31.3 19 75 16 62 16 29.5 30 34 31.6 27 27 29.8 20 75 17 . . . 27.5 29 30 31 29 28 29.1 21 75 17 62 16 28 29 32 35 33 31 31.3 22 75 22 62 41 30 31.5 35 35.5 32 29 32.2 23 75 22 62 41 30 31 33.5 33 33 27 31.2 24 75 20 63 9 25 27 30 31 27 26 27.7 25 - - - ... 23 28 34 35 34 34 31.3 26 7' 23 63 12 32 32 31.5 32.5 31.6 33.6 32.2 27 j "6 63 16 ot 35 37 36 35 34 35.0 28 ... :"., '< 35 34 35 34 33 34.2 29 1 75 26 63 66 31 29 33 33 28 26 30.0 ■J(i ... . . . •24 27 32.5 33 34 34 30.7 ' 31 1 75 30 64 4 32 32.5 34 32 29 25 30.8 Mean j 74.0 59.8 +33.16 +33.99 +36.39 +36.32 +34.74 j +33.31 ns, 0°.00. +34.66 Correc !tion to refer j ueau of 6 observations to mean of 24 c jbservatio 1 I If 1' RECORD AND REDUCTION Tempbuatur. 0, T,« A,a m S.r.nK odsbrvbd on board th. Yaoht Fox (ExprusB,.,! In deprfos of Knlirenheit'g scale.) September, 1867. 10" Noon. i 23° 21)''. 5 . . 34 , , 35 2.V5 , a 30 •2H , , 29.5 29 , , 31 30 , , 32 24.fi , , 28.6 26.5 , , 30 32 , , 33 34 • , 33.6 30.5 , , 33 23 . , 22 7 , , 17 24 31 10.5 10.6 16.6 . , 22 3 . , 10 8 , , 7 9.5 15.6 6 13 17 2,').,') 27° 21.6 17° 17 17 19 l,'-..5 17 18 9.6 10.5 10 ^?, 9 12 14.6 11, 7.6 11.5 12 Vi 12 14 14 15.5 10.5 15 19.6 1 21,5 18 19 20 20.5 16 18 19.a 18.5 +lti-75,+18.78 +20.^2+22.07 +23.1b'|+23.10 ■ Correotiou to refar to mean ofli observations^ Day of the month. 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 2lt 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Lat. north. 74° 58' 74 56 74 54 74 52 74 52 74 52 75 18 75 18 75 30 75 33 October, 1867. +20.1tf;+19.63|+18.63i- — 0°.04. Long. west of Green. 65° 62' 65 45 65 42 21. 41, 61' 75 27 76 27 75 22 75 21 75 13 68 40 +6° 19 6 5.5 8.5 —2 —5 2 —3.5 —3 —1 6 8 29 27 27 12 21 12 6 10 12 —2 —3 -12 —7 —7 — 1 -13.5 -10 -11.5 +5» +2° 17.5 17.5 8 10 8 8 7.5 7 —1 10 —6 —6 2 2 —3 8 —3 —3 —1 —A 9 9 7 9 29 28.5 28 29.5 28 28 8 7 21.5 19 11 9 7 9 10 12 11 9 —3 —4 —6 —5 -13 —9 —8 —5.5 —7 —6 — 1 — 1 -12 -12 -11 -10 —9 -7 8'' 10i> I Noon. 211 41, 61' 67.9 I +4.37 i +4.31 | +5.29 j +6.29 +13° +18° ; 22 19 9.5 10 17 19.5 12 12 17 13.6 3 4 3.5 14 14 —1.5 —2 15.5 15.5 8.5 10 32 29 31 30 28 27 11 19 13 12 7 7 10.5 11 8 9 1.5 4.5 —8 —9.5 —4 —6 -2.6 -3.5 —7 —8 —3 —3 -4 —9 -10 —8 —8 —4 +18° 11.5 10 16 9 14.5 4 4.5 12.5 —1.5 —1 15.5 10.5 26 27 26.5 18.6 12 6.6 10.5 9 4 -11 —7.6 —3 —6 -11 —9 \ +18°.6 8 5 16 3 13 1 4 10 -3.5 ~1 15.5 18.5 21 25 26 19 12 6 10 11.6 4 -11 —9.6 —8 —3 —3 —8 —8 -10 —6 S" Correction to refer mean of 12 , I I ±^::^^_j\;2^_\nM^.'^h\jf:bM +6.29 to mean of 24 observations in a day = +0°.O2. +20° 12 3 12 1 3.6 3 3.5 10.5 —7 —2 13 23 23 26 25 19 11 6.6 11 16 4 -11 —9.6 -10 —4 — 1 -10 —7 -12 —6.5 10i> +20°.6 7 2 12 1 1 1 3 8 -4 2 26.5 24 24 27 19 11 6 10.6 16 2 -11 -10 -10 —4 -H —7 -12.6 —5 Midn't. +21° 9 4 6.6 2 —3 1.6 —3 —3 1 5 5 28 26 24 21.5 20 11 6 11 13 1 —8 -11.6 —8 —6 — 1 -11 -lu -12.5 lUean. +12°.( +15.4 + 7.1 +12.2 + 7.3 + 8.0 — 0.9 + 2.5 + 7.7 — 2.0 — 1.1 +10.8 +13.9 +27.4 +27.6 +26.8 ■4-14.7 +14.5 + 7.5 + 9.7 +11.3 + 5.1 — 7.5 — 6.5 — 7.5 — 6.0 — 3.4 — 4.5 —10.0 — 9.8 — 6.2 +4.81 I +4.31 +6.71 OP OBSERVATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE. 8 Mean Mean of 8 of 12 obs'ns. i obfl'ni. +27°.(J +27".6 32.7 32.5 29.2 29.1 27.0 2«i.8 30.0 29.9 27.1 26.9 2ij.9 2(i.8 28.8 28.(1 32.1 32.0 32.7 32.5 32.1 32.0 20.2 20.0 15.3 15.2 21.3 21.1 10.7 10.6 l(i.4 16.2 7.1 7.0 9.7 0.5 11.4 11.3 10.2 10.0 20.7 20.3 18.7 1H.8 13.4 13.2 8.1 7.8 8.8 9.6 9.3 9.1 15.3 14.8 15.7 15.6 16.3 16.6 1 15.1 15.1 1 1+19.54 idn't. Mean. 21° 9 4 6.5 2 •3 1.5 3 3 1 6 6 8 6 4 1.5 1) +120.6 +1,5.4 + 7.1 +12.2 + 7.3 + 8.0 — 0.9 I + 2.6 + 7.7 — 2.0 — 1.1 +10.8 +13.9 +27.4 +27.6 +26.8 +14.7 +14.6 + 7.5 + 9.7 +11.3 5.1 7.5 — 6.5 — 7.5 — 6.0 — 3.4 — 4.6 —10.0 — 9.8 — 6.2 31 1+6.71 TEMrEBATUKE OF THE AlR IN SHADE OBHERVET) ON nOAUD TUB VaCIIT FoX. (Kxpreaaed In degrees at Fahrenlieit'a acale.) November, 1867. of In* month, i Lat. north. Long, weit of Green. 1 a 3 4 6 6 7 6 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 28 27 28 29 30 75" 13' 68° 50' 75 10 69 30 74 67,69 20 74 42 74 34 74 34 'i 47 74 47 75 75 74 48 Mean 74.8 68 6 68 64 70 22 70 22 -^9 36 69.1 21. — 4° — 4.6 — 7.6 + 2 — 1 — 6 — 7 — 3 — 2 — 8 —12 — 7 — 6.5 —10 — 1 +11 — 5 —10 — 9 — 8 — 5 +18 +16 — 6 + 3 — 7 — 7.5 —16 —20 —26 41' ei- — 7" — 3 — 8 + 3 — 4 — 6 — 8 — 4 — 2 — 8.6 — 9 — 7 — 6 — 0.6 — 1 +10 — 3 —10.5 — 8 — 9 — 3 +20 +13 — 4 + 6 — 7 — 8 —17 —21 —26 —10° — 4 — 8 + 4 — 7 — 2 — 8 — 4 -- 4.5 — 6 — 8 — 8 — 7 — 6 + 1.5 + 13 — 4 —11 — 9.5 —10 — 2 +22 + 11 — 6 + 8 — 8 —10 —18 —22 —27 1.93 1.68 8<' —10° — 7.6 —11 + 3 — 6 — 1.6 — 8 — 4 — 5 — II — 7 — 8.5 — 6 — 3 + 3.' +15 b —12 —10 —11 — 2 +25 +10 - 9 + 9 —10 —10 —18.5 —20 —26 10» Noon. — 8° — 7 —11.6 + 4 + 1.98 —4.98 5 1.6 7 — 4 — 5 — 9 — 4 — 9 — 7 — 1 ■r 7 +16 — 2 —12 —10 —11 — 2.6 +30 + 8 — 6 + 6 —10 —11 —19 —20.6 —30 — 4° — 7 — 7.5 + fi — 3 — 4 — 7 — 6 — 6 —11 — 7 — 8 — 9.5 — 1 + 7.6 +10 — 3 — 5 —11 —11.5 +31 + 7 — 3 + — 9 —12 —20 —21 —30.6 21. ,.63 —4.42 — 1° — 5 —10.5 + 4.5 — 5.5 — 1 — 8 — 4 — 6 —11.6 — 8 — a — 7 + 16 — 4 — 6.6 —12 —13 — 2 +30.5 + 4 — 1 + 6 —10 —12 —20 —20 —30.5 + 2° — 3 — 8 + 3 — 7 — 1 — 7 — 6 — 4 —13 — 8 — 9 — 8 — 1 + « + 14.5 — 5 — 5 —11 — :i + 2 +30.6 + 2 + 8 — 8 —12.5 —21 —21 —31 S" lOX HIJn't + 3° 4 4 3 7 — 2 — 3 — 3 — 6 — 1('.5 — 7 —10 —10 + 1 + .". + 12 — 6 — 7 — 9.6 —10.5 + 5 +2H.5 — 4 + 6 — 4.6 —15 —22 —21 —30 — 3° + 2 — 3.6 4-3 — H..-! -4.5 — 4 — 1 — 8 -15.5 — 8 —10 —12 — 1 + 6.6 + 11 — 6 — 8 — 8 —10 + 9 +25 — 5 — 1 + 3 — 4,6 —16 —22 —22 -29 + + + 6° 3 1 2 8 — — 3 — 1 — 7 —15 — 7 —11 —10 — 1 + 8 — 6 — 8 — 8 — 7 +19 +21 — 7 — 1 — 1 — 6 —16 —23 —Zi —30 + + — 6°,6 — 6 1.5 1 6 8 — 2.6 — 1 — 7 —14 — 6 — 9 —11.5 — 1 + 7 — 2 — 8 — 9 — 8 — 5 +15 +19 — 8 — 3 — 4 — 6 —16 —23 —26 —32 1.62 —4.38 I . -4.82 I —5.00 ; —5.17 I —6.07 Mean. + — 4°, 9 3.H 6.4 3.1 6.7 — 6.0 — 3.3 — 6.0 —11.2 — 7,6 — 8.8 — 8,4 — 2,4 + 4.6 +11.5 — 4.5 — 8.6 — 9.6 — 9,8 + 2.H +25.0 + 3.8 — 3.1 + 4.8 — 7.4 —12,1 —20.0 —21.5 -29.0 4.88 Corrflotlon to re er the mean of J 2 to the mean of 24 readings = +0°.12. December, 1857. Day of the month. 1 2 3 4 6 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Lat, north. 74° 41' 74 30 74 31 74 12 74 7 74 6 74 4 73 65 Long, west of dreftn. Mean i 74.3 67.4 — : 69° 10' 68 43 68 21 67 10 67 7 66 27 66 32 66 6 2" 4" -32° 32 35 27 31 17 23 26 25 27 29 17.5 12 20 28 27 9 20 23 17 8 28 16 21 21 18 16 4 9.5 28 35 — 31°.6 32 36 28 30.6 17 29 23 26 28 29 26 12.6 21 26 27 11.6 21 18 16 10.6 26 16 20 21.6 17 16 3 8.6 28, R 36 «u 8" -33° — 3i° 33 33 34 33 29 .',6 29 29 14 14 28 28 21 19 27 27 28 28 26 18 15 15 12 14 21 21.0 26 26 27 27 14 15.6 22 22 15.5 16 14 13 14 18 24 22.5 12 11 20 21 19 17.6 16 15 13 10 3 2.5 12 15 29 29.5 35 36 101' —31° 33 30 26 28 17 28 19 26 27.5 14 17 13 21.5 26 27 16 22.6 14 11 23 22 11.5 20 18 16 9 2 16 Rft 36 Noon. 2" -31° —30° 33 35 23 21 29 28 25 23 17 20 30 27 22 22 26 24 27 28 16.6 20.6 14 14 12 14 22 22 28 27 26 26 18 19 22.6 21 17.5 20 10.5 11 25.5 27.5 23 23 9.5 7.5 20 20 17 20 17.5 17 8 6.5 1 1 21 22 32 34 36 36 4h —31° 33.6 21 27 21 21 27 22 26 29 20 12 IS 23 27 18.6 20 21 23 12.5 29 22 7.5 21 18 19 5 + 1 24 34 36 61. ai- 101. —31° 33 21 27 21 22 27 21 28.6 29 21 12 16 22 28 14 19.5 22 25 9 30.5 20 10 22 17.5 19 4.6 + 2 25 33 36 22.001-22.23 -21.4 7 1-21. 10 -21.00 -21.21 1-21.48 -21.46 1-21.44 -21.14 Correction to refer mean of 12 to mean of serrations = 0°.00 -30°.6 33 20.6 28 19 22 26 20 29 28.6 20 10 17 25 27 13 18 24 24 8 31 17 12 22 17 20 4 +„^ 26 34 36 —32° 33 22 31 16 23 26.6 18 26.5 28 20 12 18 24 28.6 14 20 24 26.5 8 32 16 14 21 19 18.5 4 6 28 34 35 Midn't. —21.86 —33° 33 29 32 16 23 27 21 29 29 19 12 18 24.6 28.6 12 21 23.5 20 7 33 16 18 20 18 19 4 7 28 34 35 Mean, -22.24 31°.4 —33.0 —27.0 — 2H.2 24.0 -19.0 —27.2 —21.3 —26.7 -28.1 -21.1 -14.7 -14.5 -22.2 -26.9 -21 4 -16.8 -22.1 ■20.2 •11.4 23.5 -21.6 ■12.1 •20.7 18.8 17.7 • 8.3 ■ 1.8 19.6 31.7 35.6 -21.55 HK<'OUI) AM> KK DUCT ION TEMl'KKATIidr 23 70 J!.: Ci. •) 24 25 .... I 26 - - . . 27 _ . ^ - 28 69 50 69 43 Mean 71.5 60.9 2" —22° 20.5 21.5 23 30 21 27.5 33 34 24 3 9 15 8 8.5 11 11 13 7 14 5 15 14 16 23.5 3 4" 6" 20 22 21 30 19 30 34 34 23 2 8.5 15 9 10 10 11 13 7 15 6 16.6 16 13 14 16 26 8 —22° 17 21.5 22 29 19 31 36 33 20 4.5 7.5 17 8 10 9 12 13 8 10 6 18.6 5 i2 13 16 26 + 8.5 —16.551—16.18 81' —19° 16 22.5 25 27 18 32 37 32 18 8 6 15 7 10.5 9.5 12 11 6 7 7 17 15 12 15 15.5 25 ■ 8.5 10" —19° 11 23 25.5 26 16.5 34 39 32.5 16 10.5 8.6 16 7 9.5 8 13 10 3 6.6 8 17 14.5 13 15 12 22 +10 Noon. -19° 10 22.5 25 25 15 34 39.5 30 15 11 7 14 5 9.5 8 13 9.5 1 3.5 8 13 13 12.5 16 9 19 +" I 41. B" 8" lO" MMn't. Meiin. — 21°.5 11 24 2(i 25 i;>.5 32 38.5 28.6 13 11.6 I 13 10 11 8 12 9 1 1 7.5 13 13 12 15 7 14 + 7.5 25 27 24 If 39.,'; 2?.'-. I I Ik 16 9 6 11 9 12 10 1.5 2 13 15 14,6 12 15 10 6.5 + 2 --21° 12 23 28 24 14 36 M' ■^^ hi 18 17 10.5 6 11 9 13 10 3 1 19 15 16 12 16 15 6.6 2 lli 20 29 21 16 34 37 24 10 14 17 7 6 12 10 12 11 4 3 18 15 16 13 16 12 8 —23° _20° 17 19 21 23 28 29 20 2(1 17 23 33.. t 35 37 i ■'•'' 23 23 8 6 12 10 16 16 7.5 8 7 7.5 12 11 11 10 12 12 11 10 9 13 4 5 16 15 14 14 16 16 11 13.5 16 l(i 13 20 15 9 2 0.5 -15.98 1-15.55 1-15.14 -14.111-1.3.95 -U.dC Correotion to refer mean of 12 to mean of"'24 observations = -15.43 ,—15.04 1—15.43 ,— 1,-,.70 —16.31 — 0°.03. OF ()II8KKVATI()N8 FOR T K .M I' K R A T U R K. Mi.lD't. Mean. ^U^O — ;):i°.5 •A — :iH.ii •j:r, —24.(1 'J — 15.!l Zi —13.1 111 —18.11 HI is.r, -n.'j 2:. —2! 1 20 —•ix-i 20 2i;.5 31 :;o 14 17 33 3iJ 13 II 18 2« 3(J 22.5 2S 27 3i;.6 45.5 43 33 21.5 1—2' • -2:.i —27.7 —3(1.0 —12.4 —14.2 —24.1 35.7 —30.1 — lo.o — Ki.o -2(1.4 —32.5 — .il.5 —24.3 —25.2 ill.4 — 3H.4 — 41.1) — 3(i.O —28.3 J5.00 — 24.S4 In't. Meun. 0^ — 21°.0 —14.8 —22.4 —25.7 -25.1 -17.3 —3:; ;• —37.0 —28.9 —14.5 —lo.o —11.8 —11.8 .6 — (i.8 —10.5 — i).4 -12.1 —10.9 — 5.2 — 5.9 — ic ; -15.2 —15.0 6 -12.6 -14.9 -13.5 -16.7 5 f 4.0 7u -15.31 TKMI'EttATIItlB or THE .ViB I.N 8llA)lE OIWEIIVEI) O.N HOAKK THE VaCUT FoX. tKxpresHuil In d.'^ro(m (jf Kahn iiliell's hchIm.) March, IBOa of iba Lm. luuntli. niirtli. 1 . . . - « . 3 4 - - _ 6 70" 4' 70 1 7 «U 55 B lii) 49 LnnfC. winl of Omen. 2" 59" 29 59 U 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 09 41 69 68 68 68 68 68 68 69 5fi 60 5 69 38 69 14 69 31 69 28 58 55 69 20 - - _ 69 14 58 43 69 14 — 2' + 3 — 7 + 12 —12.5 58 50 58 37 .58 2! I 58 1)1 - 1 -15.5 -lii.5 -12 -14 + 1 I— 7 \+^ —12.5 ■Hi 2ti 18 17 'i 25 j.i U 8 20 20 10 12 8 6 1 ■j !4 7 1 — 3 —16 — 15.5 —12 — i;i.5 6" -21 —25 —25 —26.6 — 18 —18 -17 -17 4- 4 -+- 2 -f-25.5 +25.5 --19 --10 +22 -f-11 — 8 — 8 —20 —20 —18 —20 —11.6 —10.6 —13 —12 — 8 — 8 — 4 — 6 —11.5 —11 -f 1 -f- -i + 25 --24 -f 7 -- 7 ! ■f 1 — 1 : —11 -1-4 — m —25.5 —25 -18.6 — 15 ■f '•' +30 + 1N 4-11 — 9 —19 —20 — 9 —12 — 9 — 9 —11 + •» +29 -I- 7 — 1 — 6 —17 —14 —15 —11.5 —25.5 —23 + 6= -♦- 3 — 4.6 -♦- 1 —12 —23 —22.5 — 18.5 —12 + 18 + 29 +20 + 11.5 — 7 —18 —18 — 8.6 —12 — 8 — 4 —10 + 9 +29.5 + 8.5 -f 3 — 6 —14 —11 — 7 1iii< + 8».ft 4- 3 — 6 +• 1 —12.8 -18 —20 —15 — 6.5 + V3.5 +:il + 26 + ^2 —1.5.5 —14.5 — 8.5 — 7.5 — 6 — 5 — 4 •f 9 + 29 4-1(1 4- 4 - 7 —13 — 8 — 7 + ,3.5 —21 Noon. + 8".f -♦- fl — 1 — Id — 1', — I'i —14.6 +25.6 +32 +31.5 + 13 — 6.5 —13 —12 — 4 t- 1 — 3.5 -13 -f 30 + >(( + 4 — -.5 — 1 5 + 4.; —20 2" + I11"' ' + 3.5 — 6 — 2 — 8 —14 i— 15 :— 12 ( + 3.5 +22 4'' + 12'.! + 1.5 — I. — » —16 —15 —11.6 + 2,5 +21 +32 +30 +27.6 + 15 + 10 +12 — 4 — 6 -14 —16 —10 -10 — 3 — 6 — 3 — 3 — 2 — 2.6 + 3.5 -1 -- 3.5 -- 3 -1-14 +14.5 --20 -- 9.6 +15 + 8.5 + 6 j + 3.5 - 7 ' — 6.6 —11 —11 — 5 — 4 — 6 — 8 -f-4 — 2 -19., —18 6" + 1(1" + 0,5 -f- 3 — 7 —13 -18.6 —19 —17 -f a +20 -l-W + 13 j- 'j — ],' —11.,'. — 8,5 — 6 — 6.6 — (! -fl7 -fll -f- 7 + 1.6 — 9 —12 — 7 —10 — 4 —19 8" lO" + I'>'' + 6» -- 1 -- 5 -♦- 8 — 8.6 -11 -HI 19 —22.5 — ii — lU.B —\'j —20 ;-i» — I + 1 + !■ +20 +20 17 -1-11 -U — 6 - 8 —14 -15 —10 19 -12 - 11 —10 — IJ — 6.6 — a.r, - 9 —10 — 3 — 8 — 2 + 19.5 -f + 9.5 -f -f- 6 + (.» —12 —13 —14 —16 — 7 — 9 —12 -14 —10 —14 —2(1.5 —25.5 Hidn't + 3^ + 18 — J2 — '*•• —25 —19 -17 -1-4 ■I-2U t". —10 —17 —18 — 1 -11 (I +25 t- 8 L\ —15 -17.6 12 Meun 69.4 59.1 -5.48 | -6.03 , -5.lRi^_3.44 i -1.34 +0.47 +(i,74 -0.13 ! -2,49 Corrcotlon to refer mean of 12 to mean of 2 i observatioiirt = +(i\, -4.79 , —5.57 111 Mean. +7'.o ■\- 1.5 — 0.5 — 1.7 — i;i.(i — 2(i.r. —20. 1 —16.5 — 4.8 + 17.4 +26.1 +18.5 4- 6.9 — 9.4 —17.4 — 14.0 ■'-- 8.8 — 7.6 — 6.6 — 3.5 — 4.7 + 12.5 + 19.9 + 7.6 + 1.6 — 7.7 -14.1 — 9.8 —10.3 — 6.7 —3.31 April, 1858. Day of the month. Lat. north. 1 68° 1? 2 68 17 3 68 4 . - . 6 . . . 6 67 18 7 . . . 8 - - - fl 66 63 10 66 45 11 Ii6 40 12 66 33 13 66 26 14 i:,i.S 23 15 (M 17 16 65 58 17 65 28 is 64 50 HI 64 16 20 64 22 21 64 10 22 63 51 23 63 41 24 ... 25 63 40 26 63 47 27 65 14 28 66 28 29 66 28 30 66 28 Long, west of Green. ;8'>i5' 68 25 68 17 58 31 68 20 68 8 58 12 58 4 67 55 58 24 58 35 58 45 58 44 58 ,1)4 58 59 58 24 56 'M: 53 41 63 30 53 30 63 30 211 4" lO'i —26= —19 —16 —15 —12.5 — 8 — 8 -f- 4 — 9 — 6 — 2 —10.5 — 6 -f- 1 -f- 7 -2(i' ! -: ! —2(1 ! -15 i —15 -12 Moan I 66.0 | 57.7 — 5 + 4 —10 — 7 — 2 — 1 —10 — 3 + 1.5 — 1.5 + 6.5 -1-11 +14 -I- 8 +12 -1-3 -f 8 +17 +26 +23 +28 +26 +21 +27 26° 18 13.5 15 '^ i 8 —13° —12 —10 —14.5 — 6 -1 i-t- 3 -t- 2.5 — 6 — 5 1 — 2.5 5 -f- 1 -f- 2 -f- 1 -f 7 ->- 3 6 3.5 1 6 3 3 6 f3.03 + 2,5 + 4.5 + 9 -fll +15.5 +16 +13 4- 5 +12 -♦■.'li !+-'' '+25 +23 +31 — 8° — 10..'i — 9 —13.5 — 4 — 3 + 13 + 1 + e +11 — 2.5 + 1 +10 + 3 + 8 +14 Noon I +3.35 +4, Correction — T — 9.5 — 7.5 —11 — 1 +16.5 + f' + 1 4-20 — 1 + 6 -fl2 + 5.5 +10 + 16 + 19.5 + 16 +16 + 17 +15 + 9.5 +28.5 +34 +30.5 +29 +29 +28 +35 — 4°.:, — 9 ,— 8 I — 8.6' + 1 I + 2 i + 15 + 4 I + 1.5i + 1(1 I + 19 I I + 8 i +12 I + 5.5 + 11.51 +18 1 + 4" 5° 9.5 9 8 4 4, 9 1 6" + ■• +1-' +11' +11 + 4.5 +14 I +18 i+18 +15 +14 +17 +15.5 ,+21 ' +33 i+31 !+23 +30 1+28 1+26 ■+3S — 8 -.5 —12 —11.5 —10 — 7 — 3 + 5 — 2 — 2 + 2,5 +14 — 5.5 + 8.5 + 9 + 4 +1« + 101' Midn't -17° —15 —12 —11 — 8.5 — 8 + 4 — 6 — 4 + 2 4- 5.5 — 7.5 + 5 + 4 4- 1.5 4- 9 +15 +17 +10 +12 + 9.5 +13 +19.5 +33 +25 +25 +26 +25 +25 —36 —17° 1—17° — Itt ! —16 —14 —11.6 — 9 + + + + + 8 +14 —14 —12.5 —10 — 9 + 4 — 9.5 — 6 — 1.5 + 4 -10 — 2 — 0.5 + 8 +14 + 15 + 9 +10 + 7 + 7 + 19 +,30 +22 +24 +23 I +25 1+22 i+34 Mean olis'np Nfean f 12 ■li.s'llS. + 7,8 3.6 13 +7.50+10.14+12^62+13.37+12.45+10.38; +7.77'! +6.14 +5.63 to refer mean of 12 to mean of 24 daily readings = 4 0°.02. — 14°.2 —14° 6 —13.7 —13.9 —11,5 —11.6 —12.(1 —12.2 — 6,9, _ 7,2 4.1 — 4.5 5.2 + 4.8 0.4 (1.0 3.7 — 3.6 1.7|+ 1.4 8.6 4- 4.0' — 0.8 + 11.7 5.0 + 4.8 + 2.5;+ 2.5 + 7.3 + 7.4 + 13.1+12.3 + 15.2 +l.'-,.l +13.2;+i:i.l + 12.7i+12.6 +12.6+12.4 + 9.7 + 9.6 +14.8: +14.7 +27.9, +27.8 +28.0' +27.8 +26.2+26.1 + 26. S +26.7 +26.3, +26." +24.2 +24.0 +35.5: +33.4 I +8.04 ^ i' ,i -f RECORD AND REDUCTION Temperature of the Am in Shade observed on board the Yaoht Fox. (Expresaed in degrees of Fahrenheit's scale.) May, 1858. Day of the month. Laiitudo north. Longitude west of Greenwich. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 iO 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 31 Ilolstoinborg 4h 67° 22' I .riso 55' 68 10 I 53 55 Wlialeflsli Islands Upornavilc Bay Oodhaven Off the coal seam 70 2 70 32 71 19 72 1 52 54 55 55 Off Upemavik 50 9 37 4(1 33° 27 24 24 27.5 14 12 13 13 15 24 29 29 35 33 33 27 29 30 30 26 33 30 30 32 32 34 35 34 35 33 8" Noon. Mean 68.7 53.7 34° 24 26 27 16 16 15 13 18 27 30 30 37 39 35 29 33 31 32 40 .34 34 34 35 33 37 36 32 30 33 34° 34 24 27 21 11.5 19 29 15 21 29 30 33 39 39 36 29.5 42 38 39 41 36 37 39 42 35 44 36 32.5 32 36 4h 28° 36.5 26 28 20 18 23.5 15 17 21 29 29 34 39.5 37 30 30 45 39 40 40 35 44 41 36.5 35 36 42 32 31 37 Midn't. 27° 31.6 24 28 14 16 17 14.6 17 18 27.5 28 34 37.5 35 29 32.5 35 34 34 38 36 38 41 34 39 37 35 32 32 37 25° 30 21 27 13 10.6 12 13 17 23 28 26 34 35 31 27 30 31 30 30 32 34 36 31 33 35 34 34 33 32 32 +27.60 +29.69 | +32.28 | +32.10 | +30.02 I +27.73 Correction to refer the mean of 6 to the mean of 24 observations = -0°.07 June, 1858. Day of the month. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 26 26 27 28 29 30 Latitude north. Longitude west of Greenwich. Off Upemavik 73° 7' 73 17 73 24 73 27 73 35 73 61 73 54 73 56 74 3 74 4 74 10 74 14 74 67 75 17 76 20 75 35 75 32 75 34 76 27 76 27 76 36 76 50 76 56 75 55 75 53 75 64 76 56 50° 23' 66 20 66 15 56 42 67 57 5 67 48 58 4 68 14 60 4 61 CO 19 02 1 61 50 62 7 62 2 62 22 62 37 63 27 66 33 68 10 67 50 67 15 67 28 4" Mean 74.6 60.1 38° 38 42.6 37 32 86 41 35 34 30 34 35 28 29 36 30 32 34 35 38 30 30 35 34 34 36 35 33 36 32.5 39° 44 38 38 33 36 39 35 38 39 34 35 30 32 38 35 33 39 38 38.5 32 33 35 34 37 36 34 35 36 34 Noon. 42°.6 49 40 37 33 40 41.5 38 40 37 38 38 36 36 38 36 35 40 44 37 34 35 35 30 36 36 36 38 39 37 4h S" 42° 60 42 40 40 40.5 44 43 41 37 42 36 32 35 35 37 33 35 38 40 34 38 34 38 39 35 34 34 34 39 41° 44 41 35 33 44 44 38 38 35 36 33 32 31 84 37 36 88 38 35 34 30 35 30 36 37 32 33.5 83 35 Midn't. 39° 40 38 83 34 38 36 35 32 35 31 29.5 28 35 32 30 34 81.6 36 81 30 32 33 34 36 86 33 32 31 30.5 +34.62 I +35.92 | +37.90 +38.06 Correction to refer mean of 6 to mean of 24 observations i +36.32 I +33.50 = — 0°.07. Mean +30°.2 31.6 23.8 26.7 20.4 14.2 16.6 10.6 15.3 19.3 27.4 28.7 32.3 37.2 35.7 31.7 29.7 35.8 33.7 34.2 80.2 34.5 30.5 36.0 36.4 34.8 37.0 36.3 32.6 32.0 34.7 +29.90 Mean. +40°.3 44.2 40.3 30.7 84.2 39.1 40.9 37.3 37.2 30.5 35.8 34.4 31.0 83.0 35.6 34.0 33.7 36.2 38.2 86.6 82.3 34.0 34.5 35.3 36.3 30.0 34.0 34.2 84.8 .H4,7 +30.04 KM OF OBSERVATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE. f- .^M. TEMPEaATURE OF THE AlB IN ShADE OBSERVED ON BOARD THE YaCHT FoX. (ExpresseJ in degrees of Fahrenheit's scale.) July, 1858. 73.1 I as..'. I 4.33.,ie ^34 44 The correction to refer mean of (i to mean of^ '1 RECORD AND REDUCTION Tempehatuue op the Am in Shade oi.sehveu on doaud the Yacht Fox. (Kxpresseii in degrees of Fahreuheit'a scal«.) September, 1858. Dny or tho month. Latitude nortli. Longitude west of Greenwich. 1 I Iltad of I'ort Kennedy 3 4 f) li 7 8 i) 10 11 12 13 14 1,5 l(i 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 21) 27 28 29 30 4" Near Pemmican Rock 71° ."iS' I 95° 10' 71 .58 I 95 10 Port Keniiedv 72 01 72 01 72 01 72 01 72 01 72 01 94 14 94 14 94 14 94 14 94 14 94 14 Bellot Straits Mean 71 58 i Port Kennedy 72.0 94.4 20° 29° 21 30 25 29 30 30 24 23 2a 27 36 37.6 3(i 35 33 29 27 30 32 30 25 2ti 20 22 21 19 23 23.5 23 22 25 27 29 28 1S.5 17 25 21 29 31 19 IS 31 32 11 8 13 15 15 19 15 ](i 23 23.5 25 21 21 22 +24.25 I +24.68 | +2(i.45 | +26.83 Correction to refer mean of 6 to mean of 24 readings +25.63 i +24.73 : zero. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 16 16 17 18 19 20 Port Kennedy 72° 01' I 94" 14' Winter Quarters 21 It (1 22 « (( 23 (1 (( 24 « 11 25 11 II 2G (( II 27 (1 11 28 H It 2i) U l( 30 U 11 31 — iii — i.i —14 — ii; -14 —10 — 1) —11 —31 —22 + 1 + !) +12 +11 + 2 + 8° + 10 — 5 —14 — 12 —16 —12 —12 -17 -14 —12 — 8 + 10= + 3 i — 8 i —13 : —I.-;.-) + H —15 —12 —11 —111 —13 —10.5 Noon. + 12° •) —15 —14 —15 + H —15 —10 — 9 —17 —13 —12 4" I 8" 10i> Miilu't. + 12= — 8., — l(i — n —14 + -^ —14 —11 — S —20 —12 — 14 -21 -24 -2ii -2ii — li) — 10 —10 —22 —21 —25 -27 -23 —23 — 2li —26 —22 —21 2"i 22 —Hi —16 -9 —10 '• -11.53 —11.20 i— 10.60 — 8 —11 —13 —16 —31 —31 —30 — 2i) 22 —20 —20 —IS + 4 + 4 + 2 — 5 +u + 11 + 1(. + 9 + 12 + U! +13 + 13 + 10 + 12 +12 + 4 — 1 + 3 + 4 — 16 —16 — 17 —17 —20 — 10 —21 —23 -27 — 211 2!l —20 —24 —23 —23 —23 —26 —28 -28 —28 —21 —21 —21.5 —23 —20 —20 —20 —19 —16 —14 —11 —10 - 9 — 7 — 7 -10.33 — 10.03 —10.32 — ll.( + 11° —11 — 8 —11 —16 + 8 —12 ; -11 —21 —12 —13 — II —17 —30 —18 — 8 + 9 + 12 + 2 + 4 —Is —23 -29 —25 —27 —27 —19 —10 + 2° —12 — 4 — n — h; — 4 + 1 —11 —18 — 9 —13 —10 — -6 —31 —16 — 4 + 10 + 13 — 5 + 4 —33 —25 —27 —27 —17 —10 + 'P +11 = — 15 — II —15 — 4 — 8 —11 — 7 —17 — 9 —13 —11 —27 —31 —14 + 1 +10 + 12 — 3 + 2 —22 —25 —34 —26 —16 — 9 —15 —10 —15 — 4 —12 —11 —17 — 7 —15 —10 —31 —30 —12 + :i + 10 + 9 — 5 — 1 —22 —21 —35 —26 — 2ii —16 — 8 — fl + 1P — 7 —15 —11 —11 —12 — 11 —12 —17 — 7 —15 — II — :')0 2s —11 + <> + 7 + « —23 —35 —28 —16 — S —11 Jlean. + ■-■ — 1.0 — 9.' —12.3 —14.0 — 0.6 —12.5 —114 —10.3 — J6.8 — U.s —12.0 — 11.2 —17.0 —30. 1 —IS.: — 0.3 + 9.1 + 11.0 + 3.8 — 0.3 — 16.6 —21.9 —20.7 —24.6 —26.8 — 23.S — 10.6 —12.0 — 8.: -11. -11.87—12.17 -12.23—12.57 -11.29 Correction = -|-0M2. December. 1858. Day of the month. Lnt. north. Lon/?. west of (ireen. 3 4 5 (i 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 IS 19 20 21 22 ! 23 i s\ 26 28 I 29 ; 30 I ••u i Mean I I'ort Koimoilv 72= 01 'i 74' 14' Winter Quarters 2ii I Noon. 94.2 —16 = 21 20 28 36 2 s 30 211 33 23 31 38 38 36 31 30 43 32 35 34 13 37 29 38 44 47 32 33 29 37 30 — 1S = 21 27 28 34 28 30 211 32 23 32 37 37 38 31 40 43 33 33 34 14 36 30 38 45 47 32 32 31 37 37 -ls=. 23 26 30 35 30 31 29 33 20 32 37 39 36 33 43 —111= 25 25 35 32 32 31 26 37 17 34 38 39 34 33 43 42 41 38 32 33 34 33 33 30 30 32 27 19 24 28 34 32 32 I 30 33 33 39 40 41 45 45 44 46 44 44 ! 30 33 33 1 29 32 32 • 30 36 34 1 39 40 36 38 35 ! 1 34 —18= 26 31 26 32 17 33 36 38 35 33 42 —17'= 28 25 40 31 32 32 26 31 18 33 36 38 36 32 44 38 34 28 23 29 34 35 43 45 44 30 31 36 36 34 4h 6" 8" 101' Jlidn't, -32.41 —32.60 1—33.32 1-32.78 _32.sl -17° 30 25 39 32 30 21 29 18 35 38 37 30 32 43 38 34 28 21 32 35 34 44 44 45 32 32 37 n~ :!6 31 28 38 32.5 30 31 21 28 21 39 36 38 33 32 43 38 33 29 18 35 31 35 44 42 45 32 30 30 '>^ 36 —21° 33 28 37 30 33 28 27 26 23 41.5 36 36 33 37 42 39 35 31 16 33 30 35 44 44 40 30 30 36 41 36 —21= 32 28 37 32 31 33 32 23 25 40 35 37 28 38 41 37 33 35 15 34 29 37 44 45 36 33 30 35 42 38 —32.74 —33,18—33.27 —33.35 —20= 30 28 37 33 30 33 34 23 27 40 37 35 28 38 42 32 34 33 I 16 35 29 35 44 45.5 :!« 32 i 31 36 ■13 39 —20= 28 2>^ 37 31 32 34 34 20 30 40 36 37 30 39 42 31 34 32 16 36 29 35 45 47 33 30 31 .36 ■13 36 Mean. — 19."0 27.4 27.0 3:).4 32.5 30.8 31.2 27.8 211.0 21. s 3."..0 36.5 37.3 32.8 34.1 41.9 38.3 33.4 31.7 23.5 27.7 32.3 33.4 42,0 44,8 42,3 31.5 31.1 34.6 ^■.;i.i 36.3 —33.40 —33.29—32.07 Correction to refer to menu of 24 oliscrvation w in II day = 0°.0O. 10 RlilCORD A XI) H EDUCTION : ill: Tempkhaturk op t„e Am in S,>ai,e obskrved on roarh mr. Yacht Fox. (Kx|.r,.ss,.,l in ilcgiocs of Kiiln-cnli.-il's seal,..) of I he I) th. Lilt. nurtli. Long, west of (lifi'ii. 1 (i 7 s !) 10 II 1-2. 1:j 14 l,-) li; 17 IS 111 JO ■21 2'2 '2:i 24 25 2iJ 27 28 2;) no 31 Poll 72' ( WIntf Kcunrdy 'r!ll4' 14 t Quarter.s 4" 6" January, 1859. 10'> Noon. 4" 81' 10'' Miiln't, — ;is- 44 33 30 4r> 3(i 3.') 33 35 34 33 20 21 111 3lj 38 32 28 36 39 4(J 40 38 40 33 2'J 30 23 34 j 28 I 30 I —37 43 33 30 4,-) 40 30 33 3(i 32 29 20 23 10 37 38 33 26 38 40 4S 42 39 40 30 28 30 24 •sr> 31 40 —■.]r 44 31 33 44 39 37 37 •?o 32 28 24 22 15 38 38 32 2G 30 42 47 43 39 40 35 20 29 25 35 32 41 —37-' 44 31 33 41 37 39 38 20 .SO 27 24 20 15 38 38 32 20 35 43 43 , 43 I 40 : 40 i 35 I 28 I 29 i 25 ; 34 i 35 41 — ;i.s° 39.! 32 35 40 32 40 35 20 30 20 23 20 15 39 37 32 28 35 42 41 44 40 39 34 25 29 25.S 30 32 41 Me.iu I 72.0 I 94.2 |-33.78 I34.; —38^ , — 38=> —37° -39 40 1 40 40 1 38 32 I 29 29 1 29 37 i 38 39 1 39 40 40 38 37 33 30 37 ': 35 40 39.5 39.5 34 34 35 1 35 35 27 27 20 30 30 30 30 38 20 27 24 23 21 24 22 20 18 is 19 18 14 19 19 19 39 38 38 38 30 30 30 30 f 28 20 20 i^. 27.5 27.5 29 34 30 33 33.5 41.5' 43 43 43 38 40 39 40 42 42 43 40 41 i 41 41 40 39 ' 40 40 30 33 31 30 31 33 33 33 33 29 : 24 24 23 20 28 30 30 3b 31 28 23 33 33 37 30 39 42 42 i 42 —44' 35 28 39 39 35 33 33 30 40 22 19 10 23 38 30 20 30 37 43 41 40 41 38 28 32 21 33 24 39 43 —44^ 31 28 41 35 35 33 34 32 36 22 18 10.5 28 38 34 29 31 37 40 41 39 I 41 i 35 \ 30 j 32 I 21 33 I 27 38 ! 41 —44= 33 28 43 37 34 33 85 31 30 24 20 17 32 39 33 29 32 39 45 43 38 40 37 30 32 21 33 29 39 41 Mean. "^''■!Lzi^'':!Li;i^ -33.31 -33.55 -33.20 -32.^5 '-?[>.wi-: Con-ection to relVr to me.in of 24 ^^W^U^,7Z_oo.03. 33.11 —33. 7S — :!9°.3 39.3 30.3 30.4 40.1 35.8 30.0 34.8 29.3 35.7 25.9 22.2 LU^.'o 111.3 38.0 30.3 29.0 2S.2 35.5 42.5 42.2 41.3 40.1 38.7 32.2 ■mkH 25.8 2S.0 31.3 34.4 41.0 —33.54 Dny of lllf niuntli 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 IS 19 Lilt, iiiirtli. Long. Wi'St of < ■ roen . Tort Ki'iini'ilv 72'^ Ol'|94° 14 Wiutur Qu.-iitors February, 1859. 20 (( (( 21 l( (1 22 (( t( 23 (( (( 24 (( (( 25 l( U 20 << u 27 (1 28 l( Ml'.I!! 72,0 m 2 -41' — 4P —41° —39 27 28 28 27 25 20 25 25 10 14 12 17 31 32 35 34 38 32 30 32 38 38 39 39 45 40 45 44 42 43 42 43 45 44 44 43 39 39 37 liU 24 21 23 20 25 20 27 27 40 41 41 41 4S 40 44 38 40 41 42 43 35 34 34 34 44 43 44 40 45 45 43 43 42 39 41 39 37 39 43 41 30 30 34 33 30 33 34 34 41 38 30 34 30 37 37 37 39 38 37 37 39 38 37 37 3S 39 42 44 -36.04 27 35 30 37.1 44 44 43 36 21 28 41 37 44. ."i 32 45 42 Noon. 41, 8" 10" MUIn't, —34° 20 24 30 35 29 38 41 43 42 35 21 29 40 44 42 31 45 41 -3(j.32i— 30.321—36.97 (—; 37 35 37 30 31 30 33 34 37 37 37 38 30 30 30 30 43 41 -35.80 —35.25 —33° iU 24 30 35 32 40 43 43 41 34 21 30 41 41 41 30 40 39 36 I 32 —32° 25 21 30 31 33 41 43 43 38 32 22 32 42 40 41 39 47 38 37 38 29 30 37 38 33 35 37 39 .'!0 38 34 30 40 39 32^ 25 20 31 30 33 40 45 42 38 30 24 35 43 40 39 40 48 39 30 39 30 38 30 39 40 41 37 —21' 23 20 32 30 34 40 45 42 38 30 20 30 45 42 38 40 47 44 30 39 28 39 37 38 40 40 34 —22= 25 21 33 37 34 42 42 43 40 28 25 37 45 41 38 42 45 44 37 30 29 39 30 37 40 30 33 —20' 24 18 31 38 3iy 43 42 43 39 25 25 38 45 42 30 42.; 45 45 40 38 30 41 38 38 42 37 34 Mean. -33°. 3 25.8 22.8 25.3 34.8 33.0 39.0 43.8 42.8 41.2 33.4 22.8 30. 8 42.1 41.9 40.5 30.0 45.4 42.3 37.8 37.4 31.3 35.8 ;io.5 37.5 3S.2 37.3 3S.7 -36.25 _35.82|-30.28'-30.O7l-35.90|-30.59t-30.O3 Cnrrection to refer mean of 12 to menu of 24 ..l.^orvntiona = — 0°.03. OF OBSERVATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE. 11 iMiJn't Mcnn. —44" —39°. 3 33 39.3 28 30.3 43 30'.4 37 40.1 34 35.8 33 3<;.li 35 34.8 31 29.3 36 3 -,.7 24 25.9 20 22.2 17 19.0 32 19.3 39 38.0 33 30.3 29 29.(j 32 2S.2 39 35.5 45 42.5 43 42.2 38 41.3 40 40.1 37 3S.7 30 32.2 32 30.3 21 25.8 33 2S.0 29 31.8 39 .34.4 41 41.0 -33.78 •33.54 i.59|— 3i;.03 Temiieratuue of the Am in Shade observed on hoard the Yacht Fox. (E.xpresseil in degrees of K.-ihrunneit'a scale.) March, 1859. of the Correction to refer oliserveJ mean to mean from 24 observations ■— 12 RECORD AND REDUCTION Temi-ekatlke of the Am in Shade ofiSEiivEc on iioAnD the ^'acut Fox. (Kxpressoil iu degreoa of Faluenheit's scale.) May, 1859. Diiv of tiiu incinth. I.iitiluile nurtli. I.Dii/ritndQ 'VfSt of Orecmvifh. 1 o 4 5 t) 7 8 1) 10 11 12 i;i 14 15 lii 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2n 26 27 28 29 30 31 Port Koniicilv 72' 01' I 1145 H- Wiuter Qn.ivtor.s Noon (P v.r, 8.5 4^ 11 9.5 5.5 Me.in ■i II 19 4 9 3 8 1 11.5 rj 11.5 1 14 (! ; ji 7 10.5 12 li! 22.5 19 14 20.5 14 10 12 13.5 20 22 25.5 17 19.5 24 23 24.5 10 15.5 19 21.5 20 22 2« 14 15.5 25 19 22 18 19 21.5 22.5 » 17 17.5 19 00 18 22 23 IC l(i 20 24.5 2(5 27.5 19 20 31 20 22 ! 35 24 21; 33.5 21 32.5 25.5 20 21 24.5 2.0 94.2 +13.34 I -f.lC.50 i +18.81 , +18.21 | +14.2(1 Correction to refer observed mean to mean from 24 observations = — June, 1859. Dnv of liio month. Latitudo north. liongitiulo west of Oret'nwic'ii. 3 4 5 (J 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 Tort Kennedy 72° 01' I ui" 14' Winter Quarters 8i> Noon. 41, IV' Menn. 22 .1 23 u 24 1( 25 <( 26 <( 27 (( 28 t( 29 11 30 't Mean 72.0 94.2 20° 19 31.5 31 30 27 33 32 34 33 33 36 an ■33.5 3i! 38 38 34.5 36 34 36 35 33 35 36 35 34.5 35 37 38 24° 21 36 38 33.5 34.5 36 37.5 36.5 36 33.5 48 41 37 48 39.5 47.5 38.5 42.5 43 37..') 39 33.5 38 41 36.5 35 40 40 44.5 27°. 5 25 45.5 42.5 44.5 39.5 36 39 40 35.5 38.5 41.5 41.5 39.5 45 43 50.5 39.5 37.5 49 47.5 37 37 39 41 39.6 37 39.5 35.5 41 25° 28.5 38 38 33 34 34.5 37 39.5 34.5 36 38 39 36 44.5 42 43 36 38 38 40 37 35 38.5 39 38 36.5 37 37 37 24°. 5 25.5 36 30 30.5 30.5 32 32.5 31.5 33 37 34.5 34 34 38.6 38 34 35 34.5 32.5 37.5 35.5 34.5 35 34.5 37.5 «« 35 39 .35.5 19°.5 23 27.5 25 25.5 27.5 26 31 31.5 29.5 34 31 29.5 30.5 35 35 33 34.5 32.5 33 34.5 33 33 32.5 32.5 34 33.5 34.5 37 34 +2:i=.4 23.7 35.7 34.1 ,32.8 32.2 32.9 34.8 35.5 33.0 35.3 38.2 37.3 .35.1 41.2 39.3 40.9 36.3 36.8 38.2 38.8 30.1 34.7 30.3 37.3 36.8 35.4 30.8 37.6 3S.3 +33^i3^ I +3 8.05 I + 39.82 i +30.92 +33.93 I Correction to refer mean of to mean of 24 nb^vations = — 0°.41. +31.08 I +35.52 ■it OP OBSERVATIONS FOB TEMPERATURE. 13 TeMI'EHATURE OF THE Air i\ Shade oiisERVEn ox doard the Y'acht Vox. (Kxpresaed in degrees of l-'alirenlciit's scale.) July, 1859, Dny i.„. J'Oifr. < r," ! 1 llii Mean "'' '''" liorUl !''"■■■' "f 2" 6" 8" 10" Noon. 2'' 41, «i' 8" 10" Moan, of « monlli. """"■ j Ureen. 4» Midn't. 1 ob^'ns. 1 I'drt Kennedy 37°.5 43° 43'.6 40° 41° 4(1^ + l(i^(; 4.4(1° H 4:1,5 4:i.7 2 72^(11': 114^14' , , 42 '• , , 60 , , 44 , , 45 , , 43,5 • '(••' 3 Winter 38 ' 40 . , 41,5 , , 38 , , 31; 33.5 :!",() j 37,8 4 S 6 Quarters " 38 1 37 42,5 41.5 40 37.5 3S.9 1 39,1 *( 3,5° 37° ' ;i7.5 4ii° 44 42 42° 41 40.5 • 38.5 39°.6 38.6 38 37 35° 36 34.5 1 36 39,2 37,9 3i; 7 U 35.5 38 38 ; 38 40.5 41.5 42.5 ! 41.5 37 36 35 i 34.5 3.'-,2 8 It 32 33 32 42 40.5 39.5 36.6 39.6 37 36.6 35 1 35 36,5 11 (1 34.5 35 36 36 37 43 39.5 38 37.5 36 33.6 ; 34 36,7 ]M (1 34 30 32 35,5 40 40 36.6 35.5 35 35 35 3(i 35.4 11 u 35 34,5 38 39 39 39 41 41.6 40 37 • 37 35.5 38.0 12 34 35 1 36 : 36.5 38 37 38 39 38 36,5 ' 3(i 37 ;!6.7 Hi 37 1 40 40 j 40 39 42 38 37 40.5 39 37 35 38.7 14 35.5 3« , 38 j 43 43 42 42 39.5 4(1 39 36.5 36 39.1 15 " 34 34 34 34 34.5 38 42 38 38 37.5 36 35 3(;,3 ID 1 " 35 37 : 38.5 35 42 42 40 39 37.6 37 i 36 35 37.8 17 35 36 ; 40 46 44 43 45 : 42 39 39 36 35 4(1.0 lb 34 33 ; 34 37 37 37 37.5 37 37 37 36 . 34 35,9 in 34 35 35.5 37 40.5 40.5 39 ;i9 38 37 35 i 35 37.2 20 33 32 I 3" 42 47.5 1 42 42 42.5 42 40 38 i 37.6 39.6 21 37 38 38 38 40 41 40 40 41 41 40 39 ;i9.4 oo ;!9 41 42 45 49 49 49 60 46 45 44 38 44,8 23 i'^ f 46 48 46.5 47 46 43.5 43 40 37 34 43.3 24 35 39 43 44 49 52 47 47 45 44 42 40.6 44.0 2r) 38 39 42 44 42 44 42 , 42 43 41 41 40 41.5 2(i 39 42 45 44 50 52 49 : 46 46 46 43 42 45.3 27 40 39 ' 42 42 43 49 41 41 41 40 44 37 • 41.6 28 :i8 40 ! 44 49 49 42 42 47 43 43 41 37 42,9 2!) Off Observa- 38 38 38 40 50 55 53 54 55 53 45 41 46.7 liO tion I'uiiit 41 40 : 42 45 45 48 47 50 ! 49 45 47 49 45,7 31 *' 43 39 45 45 46 46 1 49 50 ; 46 47 47 41 45.3 Meau 1 72.0 | 1)4.2 +3ti51+!7.24- 1-39 24 on to r +41 29 +42.90 +4:J.4b +42 34 +41.98 +41 07 ms := - +40 02+38 56 -11°. 01. +36 9,- +40.13: Correct efer mean of 12 to mean of 24 observati August, 1 859. 1 Dny )f LntiUulo Longitmlo 1 1 the month. north. wept of 4" 8" ( Noon. 41, Si> Midn't. Moar . 1 Grcf'iwifh. ' 1 i'ort Kennedy 41° 42° 45° 45° 42° 40° 3( 5 2 t( (( 39 37 36 35 35 35 > 3 (( i( 35 i 34 36 41 40 39 37.5 . 1 4 (( (( 39 I 40 41 41 40 :i4 39,2 ,'■) *' *' 33 i 37 39 39 42 39 38.1 , (i " (( 34 39 S9 40 40 38 38. i 7 " *' 36 ; 38 34.5 41 39 33 36. f ,s u u 32 ! 35 37 37 34 33 34,7 9 Long Island 33 ■ 34 34 37 36 33 34.; 10 Adelaide Bay 33 34 36 39 36 33 35.: 11 - - - . . . 33 3ll 39 39 36 40 37. ^ 12 - - - 38 39 40.5 39 39. j 3S 39.1 11) - - - - - . 38 37 38.5 38.5 41 40 38. 6 14 - - - - - - 41 41 40 3S 38. t 42 4(1.1 1,5 Off I'liiy Beach 39 38 37 35 34. '} 31 35.7 33.1 lU 17 IS OfV Khvin Bay 31 35.5 36 32 33 31 72" 5.5' 87° l(i' 32 3,5 38 .34 3.5 36 35. ( ' -|-34°.0 1!) 74 00 79 40 32 33 33 33 32 31 32.: 2(1 73 12 76 40 32 31 35 34 30 31 32.: 21 72 43 72 « 33 31 35 31.5 34 34 33] i 22 73 01 67 17 33 34 34 31 32 31 32.5 23 73 19 60 15 35 36 38 38 34 36 36.2 24 72 7 59 8 36 38 38 37 37 37 37 'f 2,5 70 4tl 55 .57 36 37 39 35 36 36 : Mean RECORD AND REDUCTION (l.xprcisoa ,n (Ifgrocs of Fahronheifs scale.) September, 1859. s «0 20 » .18 41 Id r,s (18 11 .17 27 l:i .'.(J 14 i;i r,:> .34 14 r)4 2.1 ir. .1;! 2,1 1(1 02 n.1 17 .11 IS is 50 '?.H 5S.9 4(1.9 U4a0j_-Hl.7 I +47.(3 I^ZlTXi^^Ii^ Correction to refer me^u'^iT^^^^^^^^^j^J^^^^^^ ^ ,^^^ +45.0 I -1-45.79 i|-M|| ^'o(es to the preceding Abstract of the Temperature Record. July, 1857. The column lioaded "mean" rnnf.„-n« fi,« donvod Irom .six o,uidi,.tant oKsorvatio^the fi': o^ ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ '^"^^y^^- duced mean" wore obtained as follows: Si nno'o the no^n "^xt column of "de- be required from the observations at 8 A M ai d 8 P m H ^^r'''"''' '^ ^'"^^ '^ of these hours in the fidl series were con p'idJthtiidr re T'""'^ ^' ""^^ given in the preceding column • fl.n. f.-nrv, '/o , "' "'''" respective mean, as s A. u. ..^„ .„ „,!,:;:;;: '„::;:;M if ;; -> - ";;«« co™.i„,. .„ .,.„ manner, for the 8 P. M. readiii"- +0° •> A i .. ^' + •^' """"^ '" "" «''"'I«f 57.5 respectively, and tak^lVn ea~n ^2^Z ^''^7^''^''' '' ''''' ^^ 67°.7. The following table contains ftl ?• ^' '''^ *''" "''"" t^n^P'^rature " 8 A. M. " noon mi . niKinignt 4-10 the tables of hourly correetioiis for no o^j" V f "'^'"''' ^ ^''"^^^ "^'-^^^ "^'^^ "f heini, as given in tlie Sin 1 n[:; ^ o "S o^T / ^^^^^^^'^-^ ^^^''^ -d Droiit- by A. Guyot, and also of a shn L t h '"'^^''^^rological and physical tables meteorologicd observa ions fo V [ ^1^ lf""l/^'''^^^^^"-'- «f ^^ Kane's sonian Contributions to KnowLLe Z T' ."""i v ' "^ ''"^- '''• «^ ^'^^ ^mith- Leith, we have, for the month of Jul vtb'' V'"'' *" ''^'''^' ^^^^ '^^^» ^^ded month of July, the correction to the mean of six observa- + 0°.5 + 0.8 —0.8 For 4 P. M. 8 P. M. midnight — 1°.5 + 0.2 + 1.0 OP OBSERVATIONS FOR TEMPRUATURE. 16 ')7 Lcith 55 59 Lnngitude. 92° r — 10 25 70 5.3 — ;; 10 Fulironlicit. 0°.00 —0.09 — O.Ofi + 0.06 Adopted correction oo;} The rosultin-? moan temponitnre for the raontli of July, in latitude 62° N and longitude 39°.l W. is, therefore, +-io°M _oo„o ^ _,_4.3o ^..^ .^^ „-^^^^ j,^ ^j^^ general table of results. Tiie means for the hours 4, 8, and 12, are derived from the observations between the Gth and the 31st, omitting those on the 19th, and taking 5.3° for the interpolated value at 4" A. M. on the Gth.' For the .sake of uniformity, the quantity +1°.2G has been added to each of the.so hourly mean.s, so that the mean of all may again produce 45°..jG. The correction to refer the mean from the observations at certain houns of the day to the mean derived from twenty-four readings a day, for the remaining months ha.s been deduced from the observations at Van Rensselaer Harbor and Boothia i'elix. The follo^'ing table contains these corrections: ConnECTiox DEDKCEn. | Mouth. Yoar. ObsorveJ Hours. Van Ron.«sfIner DonHiia Ilarljur. Felix. Mean. August S.'ptcmbur Oetiiljur 1S57, 1S58, IS.OI) 11 4, 8, 12, A.M. anil 1'. M. 2,4, U, 8, 10, 12, A.M. an.lP. M. — 0°.Ol o°.00 —0.01 , —0.07 0°.00 — 0.04 NoVfUibor Docfiiibisr " 1S58 (( u ■< 11 II << II II --O.04 0.(10 -j-0.02 -|-o.2;5 --0.02 --0.12 .lanii.Tiy 18,')8, 18.'J9 II U II 0.(10 -fo.ol 0.00 I'Vbi'uary <( u << 11 II — O.O.'J —0.01 — 0.03 Maixli u (1 11 11 II — 0.0,') —0.01 — 0.O3 April May .Iimo " 11 II 4, 8, 12, A. M. .ind P. M. - -0.04 - -0.02 — O.IH 0.00 -fo.oi —0.01 - -0.02 --0 (12 —0.07 .Iul.v II —0.16 4-0.01 —0.07 Scptcmbor II 11 11 —0.03 0.00 —0.01 October II 11 11 --0.10 — 0.2(i —O.Ol 0.00 April May 1659 If 5, 8, 12, A. M. ; 4, 8, 11, P. M. 0.00 — o.i:!* -1-0.0.') —0.17 June tt —0.42 — 0.3(i» — 0.3> —0.44 —0.39* —0.41 * Imlicates Uiat tlie weiglit 2 being tlio nearer one. has been given to the correction di rived from the Boothia Fell s station, ns August, 1857. The two omissions on the Gth were supplied by 42° and 43° 1 9^rf'V'"l^'T; \^f ; ^^'° ^''"'' ^"' ^''^ 2^^* ''''' interpolated as follows : 2 A.*M. 4 1 'r'Tf' '"? '' ^- ''• ''°-'- ^'""^ ''^'^ ol^-rvations between the 21st and oOth, w'o find that the moan of twelve observations a day is 0°.lo smaller than hat derived fi'om six observations a day; the second column of means between the 1st and 21st, therefore, is derived from the preceding column by subtractin-^ ' Tiie interpolated value for 8 P. M. on llic 21st is .^SO.G. il !l i. i i i ! ; ; ■ ■■■ ji le RECORD AND RKDUCTIOX 0°.l and 0=.2 altcnmt.ly IVoui tl.o succo.ssive dailv u.can,s. Tho nionthl-Mnonn e.„porat..ro at the hours 4, 8, noon, 4, S, .idni^h, .as (hst .nad^ ::' H'! n hod by the above constant 0°.ir., their „,oan woukl exactly give l'J°.o5) To obtain the intermediate vahies fur 2, G, 10 A M -ind P Af ihl .1 V . fvvr.nn ti„. ■> I f 1 -nn , ' ' "" ^- ^^^ ^^^ obscrvation.s be- tween tiie 2Lst and .JOth were used as Iblluws:— Muaii tc'inii. til iiii(liii!.'lit fen- last 10 iliiys 2 A. yi. Differciieo 12°..^0 I1..S5 —0.45 Saino for 30 days, n°..'?8 ^h.ch, apphed to U°.38, g.ve.s 1GM)3; in the same way, we obtain from the (bl- owing hour 4 A M., the vahie 17^;]S. The mean, or 17M5, has conL enUy been adopted as tlie n.ean monthly temperature at 2 A. M. The remainin. 'values were derived in a similar manner. '""i Iq \aiucs February, 1858. On the 11th and some following days, there are occasionullv pe^ hgn^mserted between the lines. These are^^eitL used nor :::^!' Ap il,_ 18-8. The daily mean irom six observations diflers from the daily mean n-om twice his^iiumber ot observations by 0M3, as found from the values Ix>twe he 1st and l.th; a correction of -0°. 13 has, therefore, been applied to the de- dueed means on and after tlie 18tl, in order to refer the same to the result produced by twelve observations. The hourly means at the bottom of the pa-e were ob tamed in the manner explained in the note to the hourly means of'the montn of September, 18u7,, vi/ : through a comparison of IV hourly means of tIie/«// series and applying the correction (the mean found Irom the preceding and followii,.: column) to the monthly mean at the hours 4, 8, 12, etc m'^'/^i^.^^'o ^Im ^'-'"^P*^''''^"^^ '-^t 8 A. M. on'the'2d was assumed to be 30° 5 March, lbo9. The correction to refer the mean from six observations on each oi the last lour days of the month to the daily mean as resulting from twelve ob- servations, was found by comparison of the respective means on the twelve da^:^ prece ing; it was found -0°.1G. The mean hourly temperature fbr the hours 2 G, 8, 10, was obtained by the process applied on two former occasions • r^'? ' !f "f ;, ^''r ''"' •" ^^'' '"^"'"" ^'''' ^" ""^^ '» ^J'« ^«1"'"" f"»- nndni-dit indicates tha the observations were taken one hour later and one hour earlier: or followhl'o '''^'"'''''^y- T^'^'^ l'^'^'^'^^' ^vas discontinued on the oth of July July, 1859. For the temperatures of the Gtli, at the hours 2, 4, 6 10 A M I have adopted the interpolated values 36°, 3G°.5, SO", 43°, respeeti'vei;. 'The correction to refer the mean of six ob.. nations (hours o, 8, noon, 4, 8, 11) to the mean of twelve observations (hours 4, 8, 12, A. M. and P. M.), was derived from the tabes constructed for Van Rensselaer and Boothia Felix; the la t" ...^0 having the weight 2, it was found = -0°.21, which auantity ^.as applied i e first column o means, July 1st to July 4th inclusive. To obtain the correct hourly means lor the month, the numbers in the column for 5- (first four days) were fii.t referred to the reading at 4'" by subtracting O.o. The Lne correctkm was applied to refer the readings from 11 P. M. to midniuht. Tb. monthly me ■ ui s ior the hours 4, 8, 12, A. M. and P. M., being known, tl^e means for t h i " ^ ■f- OF OHSERVATIOXS FOR TKMPERA'. UE. 17 (liate hours wore found by comparison of iho roMpcctivo readings on the lust twcnty- fcvcn days of tlic nioritli, as lian Ikhmi fxplainod in HJniiiiir ciiht'H. Augii.st, 18j!,». TIjo value ;it°.() i\n- tlio moan tiMuiiL'riitnro on tho ITtii was intfr[)()latc'd, wliich requiifd a corresponding diminution of ()°.US for each of tlio lioinly means, in order to produce tlie same montiiiy tem[)eraturo of -f 3(j°.58. .^I'ptendAT, 1^')'.}. Tlio means of tliis month a-e of little value, the month being incompleie, and the change in latitude (and longitude) very considerable. The two following tables contain a recapitulation of the results of the preceding abstracts. Table I e.xhiljits the mean monthly temperature at the locality indi- cated by its latitude and longitude, also the rc/atirc maxima and miinnuv, and nda- tive monthly extreme range, as observed in either the bi-hourly or the four-hourly fories. The absolute maxima and minima were not recorded. Table II contains the mean monthly temperatures for each observing hour, and is intended to servo as (lie basis for the discussion of the diurnal variation, while tlu; Hrst table fur- nishes the means for the discu.ssion of the annual variation of the temperature. The column headed '-'mean," in Tal)le IT, differs from the corresponding colunni in Table I, for this reason: that, in Table II, no correction has been ai-pHed to refer the mean of six or twelve observations in a day (as the case may be) to the read- ing of twenty-four observations. Table I.— Recapitulation of Re.sults of .AIonthly Mean Temperatures of the Air in Shade OJiSEHVEl) ON liOAIlI) THE YacHT FoX. (Kxpri'.s.SL'il in (Irgrees of F.ilironlioit's aoalc.) Yenr. 1857 1858 1859 Month. July Aniinst Scpti'tnber Oc'Kil.iT Dffciubor Janiiaiy Ft'ltiiiary Miiivh April M.iy June July August September October November December J.iimaiy February March April May June July August Septeuiber Lntitude north. (i2'.0 74.0 75.;! 75.2 74.8 74.3 73.2 71.5 -till. 4 Oli.O GS.7 74.6 74.4 73.1 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 72.0 71.9 58.y Longitudo j Moan west. I temi>oriitiirn 3S)°.l 5!). 8 (15.0 07. U Oll.l 07.4 «3.7 U0.9 5!».l 57.7 53.7 60.1 76.4 88.5 94.4 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 94.2 79.8 40.9 --34.65 --19.50 5.73 - 4.76 -21.55 -24. S7 -15.34 - 3.29 8.06 29.S3 -35.9" -:!6.61l -34.52 - -25.43 7.59 11.17 —32.97 —33.57 —36.06 —17.76 — 2.62 --15.04 --35.11 --40.12 --36.58 --45.79 llelatlvo niaxinm. -|-lil° --36 - -;>■' --31 - 8 -.11 --32 - -38 --45 -.50 --49 -44 .-13 —16 —14 —12 --12 -31 -35 -50.5 -55 --47 Relative luiiiinia. 4-31 = -j-23 — 2 — IS.-I —32 —36 — 46 —39.5 —27 —26 --10.5 --28 --31 --J4.5 -- 8 —21 —35 —47 —48 —48 -39 —27 — 0.5 4-19 4-30 -1-30 Relative .C'"-rerti„n for range. ""''■•" "''"' "" nieiin telilp.). 30° 28 38 45.5 63 41 38 50,5 59 64 34.5 22 18 19.5 29.5 49.5 48 31 S4 36 51 58 35.5 31.5 25 17 -0"'.07 -0.16 -0.20 -0.20 -0.19 -0.1 1 -0.05 -0.15 -0.43 -0.66 -0.83 -1.02 -0.46 -0.30 'rom 18 days' obaervationa r ■m tfi ISKCOItl) \ M, HKDUCTFON hi ■ ill'"' '''^"';- " — I»"^»NA.. VAH,.vn..N OP TUK TK.M,.K„.vn UK OF ,„K A... IN S„,vi,K l---17.i;:;-f.M.7.-. -.]-■* iV-l- .|.:!l 4. ,•,.-14: ,; 1( April (( May Juno l< July Autf. " i^i'pt. - 4.!iS _ 4, —21.17 —21, -24.1I2 —24. T)— ]li.]«'_J,-,,llsl_],-, 4;)— (l.o:! _ l-i.iKi _ ;) ■ ••i.:!."' + 4.l;i ■27.i;ii ■:i4.,-,2 -j-:!4..'-.7 1 .. l-(.:ii;, -|-2.t.2.',! .. Xu. ■U.2'l — lll.Cll l.\y\ ■ ■'2 -32.41 _;i2.(;(i _;);i, ."■■*— :i4.2ii — .•!:i.!i7 —X) ,114— ;i(i.;i2 — ;ii!.:i:> —:!.', ini --21.110 — 2i.,';7— ly. 'ti ijlf 1^; W — 4 • 111 —21 .72 —24 ,.'.-, — l.V 44— 1, ..'II -f-lii, .li!> . . .02,' . . .-M' .. .44 . . ,i:s . . ,;!" ., li.-i —Id ..32 — ;i2 ,117 — ;i;!, .117 — ;ir., ,45 —14, .lia — 4.42 ,i'ii —21.21 ,:ill —24. Ill .14 -14.11 .34 4- (1.47 .14--I2.i;2 . - -32.2,s . ^--37.!i.i . --3i).l,s --3'j.4* — 32.,'<1 .'■i2 —33.31 ■'•li — 3'1.2,'i —21 —24 — 1 -I- 11.74 -fl:!-37 li; -.:;; ■(- 'i .1:2 — 4 .4" —21 ..'■i2 — 2fl II.'.— 14, 74 — 11, —11 —32 —33 — 3.' 71» — ll.Sl» —12 --3-^ .117 —11 .74 -33, .^•'> —33, ,2.-, _3.-., 113 —13, — 4.S2 — .'■..(Ml -21.44—21.14 -24.117-2.1.21 —l,'i.43 —],-,. (14 - 2.411 — 4.7!» +l(i.3S+ 7.77 • ■ ,'--3(1.(12 . . ;--3i;.32 .. ;--;;(j.i4 .. --34..-.J . . . '- -■:r,j;:i : ■ . -\- 7.2(i — n.s7 —12.17 —33.27 '— 33.;i.i — 32. s.'-, '—;):(. 1(1 —30.28 — 3iJ.(p7 ~l».43i— H),22 — r..i7— (;.((. — 21. hi; 22.24 — 2,'i.(IH_li.-,j"il -1.1.43 _l.r,.7,| — r)..'-,7— 0.01 -f (J.14-1. ,1.03 M +37.24 -f3n.24 -1-41 -H^.Olii .. 4l4,1 , --33..-.II --:;4.74 '- -24] 73 '-. 0.,13 -12.23 _i:-.,r,7 —33 4(l_;!3.'>!) — 33. 11 _;);), ,-s — 3.->.il0_,'i,j.,-,.| —llt.-<2— -((.,;,; -21. .'i.'-. —24. .-4 -1.1.31 3.31 + .^(14 -)-21>.llll --30.(.i4 --30.ia - -.'14.. 12 - -2,1.43 -f 7. .14 —11.211 -32.117 ;i3.r>4 30. (in 17.7'- Ducus.ion ofiU Annual lanathn an.! of iU Te.n^eraUa-c at Bi^a-c.U Seasons of the Ytar. wl.icli «onni-,le^ yi^M,t . / ' ; ' "'" °''""'-'''" ™'™n»« to MI"t Strait,, ™ ™ „ T 1 '.*•'?' f'l'™ '" b" corrected for ,Iillb,oncc of i«i.i„,,. Fo,- tl,i, ftom li.„ r, f r''"° '*'"' ""= «™l'"''"'>'« for tI.o minth of August ("tefved 'm () :•' () |{ S K K V A T I O N 8 F O K T K M I' K I! A T U U E. ir> ainre. MMn't, --I7.:;.s Mffiu, -22.24 — U.'i.lMI — l.-J.Td — ti.di 4- J.ii;! 7.7.'i + -t.:il + .-..71 — 4.8H -24! s4 -1.1. Ill -- n.;'i 4- •'*."4 -(-2;i.ii(i -.:!;)..-H L.;ii;,n4 --;;4.74'-(-;i(;.i;i !4.,'-,2 l;i.-,..^2 -f:ih'..-,8 1-4.-1.(1(1 -1-4.'.. 8(1 ;.9 iiied S58, the jrth aits, for this nth hcd Ex- lese ade led oly 101'- 0° 'ed '•4, lAUi.K III. — .Mka I .Monthly TKMrKii.xii iif. hv iiiK .\ii! in Sii.mpk oii.skiinkd at I'hht Kk.nneuv, IN LAriTUUE 72° or N., and Lonoitcdk '.i» J It W., in hie vkabs 185s and Is59. I8ri8 iR.-.a AogU4t Bi'iifi'iiibor Of cpIi.t NiPVl'llllMT Dt'ci'iiiliiir Jnmniry -|..1(l°.n5 12^.41) 4 7..V1 — 11.17 — ;(2.n7 -:!:i..-.7 IPft!) Piilirnary Mnnli April M.iy .Imin — 3(l'.n(i —17.7.1 — 2.i;2 4-1,'.. (14 -|-4((.12 To oxprt'ss the uliovo and other periodic roHiiits i'l an luiaK tical Ibrin. IJcxHt'lrt fonnuhi of interpohition for periodic fniictioDS, ami (1( |ieii(liiiir on the na'thod of leii>i') 4- 1".! 1 ^/« (3'- + a..")'" .'.;i') y representing the nionthlv valucH of the annual variation, and the angle counl- ing from January 1st at the rate of oO° a ino»,;li. Acccn-ding to this exprewsiou, the mean annual temperature at Port Kennedy is -f 2°. 17 Fahr. The strict application of Be.x.xel's Ibrmuhi re(|uiivs the intervals between the successive ob-servations or means to be of e(|ual length, and a small coneclion, therefore, becomes necessary on account of the unecpial length of the months. This correction, generally too small to be noticed in low latitudes, is of .-nnii ient magnitude in very high latitudes not to be neglectable. The followin- numbers show the quantity, in days and fractions of a day, by which the middle of taeli actual month differs from the mean of each month of average duration ('JU.-l days for a common, and 30.5 days for a leap, vear), and lor which interval fi (•oirecti(in, — depending, also, on the magnitude of the variation of the temperature— is to bo applied. A positive sign indicates that the middle of the actual month occurs earlier than the middle of the normal mouth ; a negative sign indicates the rever.se. Commencing with .lanuary, and proceeding in regular order, these intervals are as follows : — - — 0'".3 4-O.r. + 1.5 + 1.5 + 1.1 + ].."> + 1.2 + 0.7 +o,r> +0.5 +0.4 +0'.;! —0.2 +0.2 + 0.8 + 0.S + 0.8 + 0.8 + 0.8 + 0.2 +0.2 +(•.2 +0.2 +0.2 The upper line is for a common year, the lower line for a leap year. These num- bers suppose the angle to be zero for the commencement of the civil year, and that the daily mean tem|,-ratnre, so far as the annual fluctuation is concerned, refers to the middle of the day. The corrections become greatest for the sjjring and autumn months, when the annual variation is most rapid. To obtain an ap- ' E.xi>lain(Kl at length Uy Sir .1. Iler-schol in the article "Meteorology," Vol. XIV, 8tli edition of tlio Encijclopxdia Britan n ica. = These numhers were given In my dlscnssion of the meleorologlonl observatlon.s of the second GrinncU E.Kpedltion, under command of Dr. E. K. Knno. See Vol. XI of tlio Smillisonlan Contributions to Knowledge, 1859. ^^ KKCOUD Ax\D REDUCTION c;;;;::;:r:;::;,^i,.:!;.;;::\f -^^ ^- 1,. ...no or each .....,, .,, ,,,,, roetiun ihv indov errur l^.s 1,,h.„ n l ''.. .itmii, to avLicIi luiinbons the cor- "' '"'-^ '^''" '^^'''^■''' ''•■* .^'^■^■" »' the tlm-d column of the table. M.jiilh. MiMn ti'inp. C.irr 'il r..r index. •iMiiiiaiy . I'cliniaiy . March . . ■April . . May . . Juno — ;i:iMii — ll).!»8 — I.(W Jr..ntli. — ;i4-'.4-i — :5li.8!1 —17.44 l.MS July . . AuuMlSit .Si'jiti'iiiber ()i-t()l)or ^onn temp. Curr',1 for iiule.t. --W.7H --2,-|.l.S -- 7.27 —11.43 --3!)^i)8 --:i(J.7i) --■2r,.vs -- 7.12 — ll.Sli — o3.7.J i..*x 0,™, „,„ .0 :„:„;;; ^^.j:;;::::;:::::^\;r:''- - -■■■■«-" '- The immencal cocfllcients differ but .sli-rhtlv fmm fl.n v ^'*^•^^• first expression. The observations nt^^ I'om the corre.sponding values in the been o.nitted as ul.U.f:::::^^::^:^''''''''' " "^"^^^^ (^^'^ '^""^-^^''^ J-- Month. Mean oorreeteil for inile.t error. .Mean eor- reele,! for iiiile.v and j inalilv. m Pame by Torui. II. DiiTer. euco. Januaiy — ,"4\4ii I'eljruary -37.(18 llarcdi i — K-.22 j\pril — -'.fl2 iMay Juue - -I;i.(i4 +35.11 -34'.44 -3il.,'-|l -17.44 1.118 -(-15.S7 +^5.1)7 — 38°.42 . —33.13 ! — 10.74 i — 2.0- +17..12 i +34.01 +4°.0 —3.8 4.2.3 -j-0.1 — l.B +1.7 Jlontli. July Antru.st September Oetolier November Deceuilier Mean M, an cor. correeleil for inde.v ret ted for .S:imG hv in' ex and Form. li error. me lUaliiv. DifTer- cuco. --4(IM2 --3ll.il.') - -2.';.4:! -- 7.44 — n.co — 33.(i3 --3!i=.i)8 --3(i.7G i --2.'i.I3 -- 7.12 — n.M! —33.7,') ! +4tP.n2 +3().S1 +24.1)4 + V.(I5 —13.12 —31.13 Me — 0°.9 0.0 +0.2 —0.5 +1.3 + 1.8,') + 2.02 I + 2.02 0.0 .».r H„bor .enn.™n:;: r:t:::,'rt:'K: ,;7 'T " "^ 'r, ,""'"'°- F OHSERYATIOXS FOR TE M PJi; K A TU RE. 21 :\[f;AN Tr:MrKUATiiiK.s or the Sk.vsoxs. — — At Pout K'KXSKnv, Lat. 72 n.v nil! erva lion. r, Lo.vn. r 14'. At V.is Rensselaer H vnDoB, Lat. liy filtporvn- ti'>n. 78' ,17', Losa By Fnrin. i II. 1 70' 53'. ;HP.7 liy Fcinii. U. Sca.'oii?. Winter . Sjiring Suiiiinor . Antnnin . . . . — :i.V'.(i4 . . . — 2.04 . . . -f37.40 —■A-l'.-S.) — l.l:! --:i7.-in -- t;.4ii Winter .... ^priiiLX .... Siininier .... Aiitiinin .... — 2^\."!1 — lo.,-|) +;!;i.;i,s — 4.(i:i — 2ll'.l 1 — 8.S +:i:i.,^ — 4.4 , Year . . . + l.s^ + 2.02 iOMi Year . . . - 2.4,; — 2.211 The corresponding values at ^'an Renssolaor Harbor htive been inserted for com- parison, and show a remarkable diflbrenco in the temperatures of sprin- and autumn, at which season.s it was much colder at Van Rensselaer Harbor than at Port Kennedy,-, whereas the mean winter temperature was lowest at Port Kennedy The observations give the range between the summer and winter mean at Port Kennedy 72°.4, and at Van Ren.«selaer Harbor G2°.0. According to Formula II we find, as a close approximation, the warmest day July 20th, with T= +41° o' and the coldest day January PJth, with r=-:js°.4; hence, the ran-e of tlie annual lluctuation 7'J^4. The mean temperature of the year is reached^on Ai.ril 23d and October 22d, ^ The annual lluctuation of the temperature, or the observed and computed monthly (normal) means (corrected for index error), are represented iu the annexed dia-rain (A). The curve shows the computed, and the dots the observed, temperature" (A.) A.N.NUAi, Fluctuation of the Tempeuature of the Air at 1'okt Kennedv. +40°?. 4-20' 0' —40" '*,l At micUllu of each mouth. m ,ll""' 22 R E C K D AN D 11 E D U C T I X By moans of Table I, we can make the following combinations of mean toni- peraturc. ot the seasons of the year at diflerent localities, which tabular nnmbors and comb.nations may be useful in future investigations of the course of the monthly isothc>rmal lines, and of the isotherms of the i^everal seasons Yi'ar. Si'npon. Xnrlli latitude. lS,-,7-S isns WC5| longitude. -Aiituinii . Wiiitei- . Spring . Siuiiuu'r Jlinn foinjieraturo. CdiToctcil for iudi'X error. 73.0 118.(1 74. tiT^.I! 04.(1 .')(J.S 75.0 + 0^82 — L'(i..'i9th 18.9, and the bwest, -49°.8 (the index correction having been applied^, on JanuaryJLst, 18.9, and February 15th and ISth, 1859. Extreme range recorded at the winter quarters of the "Fox," 104°.8 of Fahrenheit's scale. To compare with the above numbers, Dr. Kane recorded at Van Rensselaer Harbor a maximum temperature of +51°.0, on July 2M, 1854, and a minimum temperature of -60° 4 on Felnnmry oth 1854, and of -G5°.5, on January 8th, 1855 ; observed absolute range 11/ .4 lahr., exceeding the Port Kennedy range by 12°.(j. The monthly range is greatest in March and April and in October and November • Its value may be set down as 52° at Port Kennedy. This range is least in Decem- ber and January and in July and August, when it does not exceed 27° The ex treme monthly range occurred in April, 1858 (viz., 04°), and in August, 1859 (viz., 1/°). ° ' 41 Diurnal Variation of the Temperature. The material collected in Table II furnishes the basis for the discussion of the diurnal iluctuat.on of the temperature. The hourly means (at certain observino. hours) recorded there do not present the true daily iluctuation of the tera.icrature in each month, on account of the disturbing effect of the annual change durin.^ the interval of a day, an effect which cannot be neglected in a locality where the annual fluctuation amounts to the excessive quantity of 79°.4. The tabular num- bers, thotefore, must first be cleared of this disturbing effect. This is best done by computing, by means of our expression for T, the change of the annual variation m a day for the middle of each month, and by correcting the means for the hours A. M. and 12 P. M. by one half of this change, with opj^osite signs. There is no correction for noon, and a proportional one for the intermediate hours between morning and noon, and between noon and midnight; the signs in the second in- terval being the reverse from those in the first. The diurnal Iluctuation dnrin- the long arctic night is so small as to be almost effaced by the overi)owerino- effect 01 the annual Iluctuation during a day. ° Confining our attention for the present to the diurnal variation of the tempera- 01' O 15 S K R y A r I (> X S F O [I T E M I' E R A T U R E . 23 ture in each montli at Port Kennedy, we find an anomaiy in the table of results in April, May, and June, IS'y,), when the symmetry of the observing hours is interrupted by observations being taken at 5 A. M. and 11 P. M. To remedy this defect, I have first established an ai)proximato equation of the diurnal varia- tion, and, by moans of it, computed the diflerence between the moan at 4'' and 5'', and also between 11" and 12". Those differences wore applied respectively to the moan for 5" and to the mean for 11", which gave the deduced means for 4" and 12". The maximum corrections for diurnal effect of the annual change occur at mid- night, and are as follows : — III .Tiiiiiinry Kt'bninry March April . ^lity . . . Juno . At 0" A. M., the corrections arc the same with the sign reversed ; at noon, they are zero; at intermediate hours, proportional values were applied. The monthly mean is loft unchanged (or very nearly so). For August, I have comljined the means of August, 1858 and 18-59. Accordingly, we have the following table of the diurnal variation of the tem- perature lor each month of the year : — o°.oo III July . O.°00 —0. 1 .) Alienist . +0.14 — o.-_'(; iSi'iitc'iiiber . , . +0.25 — 0.32 OuluIjiT . +0.;!2 —0.30 Novcmlicr . . +0.32 —0.22 I'owiiiIat . . +0.20 Table IV.— Diurnal Variation op tub Temperature at Port Kenne nv. 4" C" lO" Noon. 4" 8" lO" I Miiln't. J.iim.Try Kebiuaiy March A|iril M;i.v Juno July August Soptemlior October Novcnibor I'c'cembor o I o o I -37.78—^4.2(1 — 33.9i; -3(i.52 — :i().23 — ;!li.2.') -ao.sri —2(1.(^3 —21.44 .. — 4.S2; .. . . +12.31:; . . . . +31.1I4: . . +3i;..'-j] +37.24+39.24 +34.10 .. +24.08 + 7.31 -11.79—11.41 —10.16 -32.09 —32.64 —32.70 -33, -3.';. -19. '» + 3S. +41. -|-3fi. +24. + 7. — 10. —33. -33, -3.'>, -14, +42.90 -10. -32, .-■li— 33,31 —33.5.') — 33.2G — 32. S.--)— ,33.10 ■ 84 — 3,';.2,'-. — 3,').27 — 3.').,s(j —3(1.37 —3(i.li; ■ 7.'),— 11.89 —12.(17 —13..^.") — 18..';iJ —19.39 ■ + l,2,-i: . . + li.,Wi . . I— 4,2H +lf.M; .. ;+ls.llj ,. i+14.(i(; +39.82; .. |+38.8(!! .. i+xi.T.) +43.48 +42.34 +41.98 '+41.07 +40.02 + 3(i.(i8 . . :4-3(!.H3: . . i-|-;i.'-,,91 ■ . . +2U,4,-) .. 1+20.91 i .. +25.801 .. + 0.03: . . !+ 7.()5: . . + 7.47 . . —10.32 —11.02 —11.47 —11.71 —11.91;'— 11.97 -32.81—32.71 —33.12-33.17—33.22—33.23 -33.11 -3(i.os -19.73 +3S.,'3(; —33.78 —311,74 —20.92 — 5.70 + 11,0.-. +30, ,'.0 -f-3ii,9S +34.(1^ +24.98 -I- ll.Srj — 12.2,'-) —33,09 For the purpose of making full use of all the bi-hourly observations, it was thought advisable to express the values for the months of April, May, June, and August, September, October, analytically, and to supply by interpolation values for the hours 2, G, 10, A. M and P. M. The values thus computed were derived from the following expressions, in which the angle d counts from midnight, and is reckoned at the rate of 15° an hour: — For April, / = — 2^.54 + 3 -,07 sin (o + 255°) + 0°,70 fiiii (2o + 27°) " May, <= 4.15,1c +4,09 «'«(« + 255 ) + 0,24 sin (2'J + 257 ) " June, t = +;!5.n + 4.G5 sin (9 + 2ilT ) + 0,90 sin {20 + 181 ) For August, t = +.^5°,57 + 1^.32 sin (o + 22.'*°) + 0°,18 sin {2o + 142°) " St'iileinhor, / = +25,47 + 1,39 sin (o + 213 ) + 0,31 ,si/) (29 + 55 ) " October, / = + 7.59 4 o.7T sin (« + 258 ) + 0,35 sin (2fl + 80 ) P* '* I .,',V| '>1 '^- ' -A s I I ■ m RKOOKD AND K K I> U (J T I O N i f i1 Tlie Ibllowin- tal)lG (1\', h) contuTnH the intoi-polatoa Viiliios, by the insertion of wliicli liibk' IV will bo iviuleivil couiplcto ;— —•.i-2 ,^'i — :m '.■jii —:',:, Ll.'i — lii) .74 —11. Ml — i;i •U + 1- 7:^ — Ti "11 + 1'^. 1'7 + 11 (i;! + + l:!.^> +:!i;.7!i + H.n.i — lli.n.s 4-:''ii.'il +;!4.iii 4-'J4.i'.-i !.3,S 1 .41 l.4;i 7.!I4 2.114 •J.ls •2A- (I.S4 (J I'. M. Noon Noon 2 1>. M. 2 1'. .M. 10 .\. Jl. Noon 2 1". .M. 2 P. 51. Noon m A. M. 4 A. M. The annexed diagram (B) exhibits tlie montl 1/ ^ aUie.s oC the diurnal r lUlffO The autnmn and winter montlis liave a range of loss than 3°, whereas the months of March to July exhibit two and a half times that amount. The maximum value was observed in June, amount 9°.00 ; the minimum value occurred in December, value 0°.14. For comparison. I may add tliat the corresponding values at Van > ■■'ti OF OBSERVATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE. 26 Rensselaer Harbor occurred in April, amount 9°.09, and in November, amount 1°.00; showing a correspondence in amount but not in time. The diurnal variation never disappears altogether, and even during the long arctic night there appears to be a daily propagation or existence of a thermal wave producing a range of about 1°. The amount of the amplitude changes tolerably regular from month to month ; the high value in March, however, either presents a distinct feature or is due to some anomaly. Altogether, the curve indicates no secondary maximum, such as was found in September at Van Rensselaer Harbor. On the average, the maximum temperature is reached between noon and 1 P. M., and the minimum between 2 and 3 A.M.; whereas, at Van Rensselaer Harbor' these hours were respectively 2 P. M. and 1 A. M. The following table contains the hourly values of the diurnal variation for each season and the whole year : — Table VI. — Diurnal Vaiiiation in each Season. Senson. 21. 4" 6" 8i> 10" ; Noon. 2" 4" Winter -34.33 -34.34-34.31 -34.43 -34.06'-33.79 -33.84-34.08 Spring |— 5.07— 4.43— 3.64- 1.65+ 0.84+ 2.72+ 2.87+ 1.50 Summer +33.66 +34.45+36.29 +38.25 +39.63 -I-39.99I+39.22 +38.49 6" lOh Midn't. Autumn + 6.60+ 6.66'+ 6.80+ 7.15+ 7.91+ 8!39|+ KIT + 7!70+ 7;3i — 34.131— 34.16 —34.14 —34.54 — 1.34— 3.20— 4.22— 5.19 +37.6l|+36.57 +35.31 + 34.05 + 7.10+ 6.84+ 6.53 Year I +0.21 Same by, formula +0.10 +0.68 +0.49 +1.28, +2.33 +3.58 -]-4.33 +1.30 +2.42 +3.63I +4.33 Differ'oe +0.11: +0.09 —0.02; —0.09' —0.05 0.00 +4.10: +3.42 +4.08! +3.25 +2.37 +2.42 +0.02, +0.17! +0.05 I i +1.58, +0.95 +0.21 +1.72' +0.95 +0.27 +0.14 0.00. +0.06 Mean. 34.18 1.73 + 36.91 + 7.27 +2.08 +2.08 The computed diurnal variation for the whole year is derived from the expres- sion given below. Comparing the means as stated above with corresponding values derived in the preceding discussion of the mean temperature of the seasons, we may add to each horizontal line the following corrections : to values for winter, — 0°.05; for spring, +0°.30; for summer, +0°.29; for autumn, —0°.78 ; for the year, — 0°.06. These differences arise from changes in the observing hours, and consequent necessity of interpolation. Table V (4). Season. lUaximum. Minimum. Range. Hour of max. Hour of min. Critical int. Winter Spring Summer .... Autumn — 33''.79 + 2.87 +39.99 + 8.39 — 34°.54 — 5.19 +33.66 + 6.53 0°.75 8.06 6.33 1.86 Noon 2 P. M. Noon Noon Midn't Midn't 2 A. M. Midn't 12" 10 14 12 Year .... By formula + 4.33 + 4.35 + 0.21 + 0.09 4.12 4.26 Noon 0" 28'" P. M. 1 A. M. l''38'»A. M. 13 13" lO" The mean temperature of the day is reached at 7'' 21"' A. M. and at 6" 50"' P. M., by formula. The diurnal variation of the temperature during the whole year is represented by the formula : — t = +2°.08 + 20.02 sin (9 + 252° 57') + 0O.25 sin (2* + in°) + 0°.09 sin (39 + 251°). ;^')l U A M *N*'i "^>! w il: 26 IIECOIID AND REDUCTION Tf we supply the constant term, and change the epoch from no,m to midnight, as in the above expression, tlio diurnal variation at Van Ren.^solaer Harbor has been represented by / = — 2°.91 + l°.8r) sin (e + 244° 55') + 0°.08 sin (29 + 9t°) + 0°,03 sin (39 + 308°), ■which is here added for comparison. In either expression, the constant term might be omitted, as not essential in the inquiry of the diurinil fluctu.ation ; or the values 4-'-°-02 and — 2°. 20, which are the true mean annual temperatures respectively, might be sub.stituted in their place. The maximum and minimum value is given by the formula: — o = +2°.02 cfw (9 + 252° 51') + 0°.51 cots (29 + 117°) + 0°.28 rus (39 + 251°). The following diagram (C) exhibits the diurnal variation during the whole year : — (C.) DiuKNAL Variation. Midu't Noon ;i'' Midu't Ilourhj Corrections for Periodic Variations. — Under this head, a, number of tables have been given by Prof. Guyot in his meteorological and physical tiibles, prepared for the Smithsonian Institution. These tablea furnish the means of correcting other incomplete material at stations in the vicinity. A similar table was prepared by me for Van Rensselaer Harbor. The following table for Port Kennedy is directly derived from the values in Table II, in connecrtion with Tables IV and IV (J)). For those hours requiring interpolation in the latter case, the small corrections for the effect of the annual chai.ge during a day has again been deducted. Arctic America — Port Kennedy, Lat. 72° 01' X., Long. 94° 14' W. of Greenwich. Corrections to be applied to any Bi-iiourly or set of Bi-iicurly Observation to obtain the Mean Temperature of the Day. Degrees of Fahrenheit's scale. Hour. Jan. Feb. 2 A. M. 4 « 8 10 Noon 2 P. M. 4 t) 8 10 Midn't +0.24 +0.G1 4-0.72,4-0.2 -f-o.4:i -fo.4;i —0.02 —0.23 -1-0.01 —0.28 — o.fia —0.44 —0.43 -*-0.24 -I- 0.29 —0.12 —0.23 —0.78 —0.78 —0.21 4-0.2.5 -1-0.04 —0.07 -f-0.56 fi, G —0.13 -fO.27 8, 8 O.dO —0.04 10, 1,5 ' —0.22 — O.l.'i (i, 2, 10 0.00 —0.10 March. ! April. May. June. July Aug. Sept. Oct. Not. Deo. 1 Year. -1-3.28 4-3.22 4-3.7!) 4-1. 07 —2.09 — .'nSil — 5.7.1 —4.01 4-0.05 4-1.44 4-1.74 4-2.88 4-3.16 4-2.47 4-1.4.') —0.24 —2.15 — 3.7(i —4.28 —3.11 , —0.77 4-1.56 4-2.75 , 4-2.S7 4-4.41 4-3.03 4-1.01 —1.31 —2.35 —3.62 —3.83 —3.02 —1.41 4-0.93 4-2.35 4-3.84 4-5.12 -f-3.3ii 4-0.34 —2.86 —4.61 —4.63 —3.38 —1.73 —0.34 4-1.26 4-2.98 4-4.47 I 4-3.62 4-2. S9 4-0.8!) —1.16 —2.77 —3.35 —2.21 i —1.85 ; —0.94 ! 4-0.11 4-1.57 4-3.15 4-1.23 4-1.31 4-0.91 4-0.16 -0.61 —1.12 —1.21 —1.03 —0.71 —0.27 4-0.35 4-1.02 4-0.74 4-1.21 4-1.28 4-0.78 —0.00 —0.9!) —1.49 —1.37 —0.80 —0.17 4-0.19 4-0.73 ; 4-0.22 ; 4-0.05 ; 4-0.31 lH-0.20 —0.77 — 1.4li —0.92 4-0.02 4-0.33 I +".31 4-0.71 4-1.04 4-0.24 —0.09 1—0.69 ' —0.96 —1.26 j —0.97 j —0.22 i 4-0.28 ■ 4-0.58 4-0.88 ' 4-0.94 4-1.28 —0.45 —0.56 —0.37 4-0.35 —0.19 —0.16 —0.23 -f-0.21 4-0.30 -f-0.38 4-0.43 4-0.32 ! 4-1.87 4-1.49 ; 4-0.80 I —0.25 j —1.50 i —2.25 i —2.02 -1.34 { —0.30 4-0.50 4-1.13 4-1.87 4-2.22 4-1.55 —0.62 —0.07 4-0.34 —0.20 0.00 —0.02 -f 0.66 —0.19 —0.80 —0.52 4-0.30 0.00 —0.81 —0.60 —0.03 —0.16 —0.02 -f-0.08 4-0.10 , -f 0.24 4-0.32 —0.05 —0.05 4-0.:il : 4-0.25 —0.04 —0.13 4-0.05 \ —0.03 —0.16 4-0.02 ' — O.ol , 4-0.03 -t-0.01 _0.03 4-0.25 4-0.37 4-0.12 4-0.12—0.18 —0.06 —0.03 "^ OF 0J5SERVATI0NS FOR TEMPERATUllE 27 Owins to the fact that the observations extend over one year only, tlie table, in some instances, must necessarily contain some small ii'regularities. Tiie closest results are obtained IVoni the hours G, 2, 10, which was also the case at Van Rens- selaer Harbor. Connection of the Lunar Phases with Loio Winter Taiqwratures. The apparent connection of the lunar phases with the observed temperature of the air during the Arctic winter, the thermometer being below the zero of Fahren- heit's scale, was long ago noticed by Arctic explorers, and was again independently observed by Dr. Kane, in the discussion of whoso observations I have attempted an explanation of the phenomenon. In that paper, the connection of the lunar phases with the serenity of the sky and the fall of snow was also discussed ; for the observations now on hand, the numerical relations alone will bo represented. Dividing the daily means of the temperature into penthemers (or periods of five days), a table was formed showing the time of full and new moon and the mean temperatures; and, by means of differences of the alternate means at these periods, the amount by which the mean temperature is lower at full moon than at new moon is exhibited in column headed A. First Winter, 185T-'58. Baffin May. Between lat. 74''.8, long. «9M! and Kit. iJB'.S, long. 59^8. Penthemer. Moon's phuse. Temp. ' Alt. menus. I Not. 23- -27 28-32 Second Winter, 18.58-'j9. I'oiiT Kennedy. Beli.ot Strait. L.it. 72^0, long. 11-1^2. Penthemer. Miion's phase. einp. Dec. Jan. Feb. 3- 7 S-12 13-17 18-22 23-27 28-32 2- (i ' 7-11 12-lt) 17-21 I 22-2() I 27-31 ; 1- T) i C-lll ll-l,") i(:-2o i 21-2.') i 20-3(1 IstO 16th 9 30th O ISth # 29th O 13th % 27th O — 2''.8 — 27.(t — 2,'i.l —22.4 —2(1.3 —19.9 —1 .').,') —24.4 — 19.^ — 19.() — 22.(^ —23.2 —28.(1 —34.8 — 21.S — 2i!.l —111.2- — 8.7 —13.7 — 3.5 - - - (-G°.7) I •—25.7 I —5.4 1 —21.2 I —3.2 ■—29.6 i —7.6 —16.1 ; —18.7 i —19.2 j —9.0 - - - ' (-1-6.7) Omitting tlio first ami last (innomplete) values of A, we find its avurage value = — 8".8. Nov. 2- 6 7-11 12-16 17-21 22-26 27-31 2- 6 7-11 12-16 17-21 22-26 27-31 1- 5 6-10 11-1,') 16-20 21-2,-) 2(i-30 31-35 5- 9 10-14 15-19 2U-24 25-29 March 2- 6 7-11 12-16 17-21 22-26 27-31 April 1- 5 6-10 Dec, Jan. Feb. 5th • 20th O 5th # 20th O 4th # ISth O 3d • 17th O 4th • 18th O 3d • —12 —1 + 4, —23 —16 —3(1, —29, —36, —30, —38 —34 —3 —34 —21 —34, —38, —29. —29. —38, —34 —41 —35, —34. —23. —16. —21. —26 — 4 —11, — 1, —12, -J Alt, means. —19,0 —13,1 + 23.7 -fl7.5 -33.9 ; -t- 3 >■— 32.7 ■33.3 ■37.9 •26.7 33.8 —12.5 + 4.4 — 1.1 — S.3 —14.6 — 9.9 —13.7 (-25.1) The temperature between Nov. 17-21 is anomalous, and affects also the following value (17.5) of a ; these vaUlfS, iw wfll n:* t!i:tt of .Ai.xil I-,', huve been otnittod in the mean. For the period Nov. 17-21, the wind was N. K. ; weather misty, with occasional snow, and variable. Average A, winter 1858-'59 = —5°. 7. XI Si ^/^1 m I i b *m RECORD AND REDUCTION The average fall of the temperature for the period from new moon to full moon Jrom the above comparisons, is 7i°. The separate results may, perhaps, not ap- pear as conclu.sive as tho.>se obtained at Van llens.selaer Harbor (hit 78° 6)- still the general deduction is confirmed. The following account of the weather for each dny, the day preceding and the day following, of the full and new moon, is copied Irom the lecord and refers to noon. Beaufort's signification of letters is used Full Moon. New Moon. 1 1857 Deo. 1 . . . Dec. 30 . . . 1858 Jan. 20 . . . l''eb. 27 . . . b.v. m. z. b. 0. m. s. b. V. b. V. b. 0. b. c. b.v. 1 b. C. ' b. c. b. c. j 1857 Dec. IC . . . 1858 .Ian. 15 . . . Feb. 13 . . . b.v. b. c. b. 0. b. m. b. 0. b. m. m. z. b. z. 1S58 Nov. 20 . . . Dec. 20 . . . 1859 .Ian. 18 . . . Keb. 17 . . . Mar. 18 . . . c. m. b. c. in. in. s. b. ra. b. c. z. in. 0. s. c. m. z. 0. in. s, b. z. c. m. j b. m. z, 1 b. m. h. m. b. in. 1858 Nov. 5 . . . Dec. 5 . . . 1859 Jan. 4 . . . Feb. 3 . . . March 4 . . . April 3 . . . b. ra. z. b. c. b. 0. in. ra. b. b. in. m. b c. z. b. c. b. b. 0. b. c. ni. b. 0. b. m. z. b. c. z, b. c. C. 8. b stands for blue sky. c stands for clouds, detached. m stands for misty, hazy. " " :::wdHft. ' " "'°"- " " Visibility, t^ransparency. In the first winter, the weather appears to have been finer and clearer at full moon ; whereas, in the second winter, tiiere is little or no difference, a misty weather and snowdrifts characterizing the locality; under these circumstances, the lunar effect could hardly bo expected to show itself as distinctly as brought out above. Captain McClintock makes the following remark (page ix of the 4th number of meteorological papers published by tiie Board of Trade): "The dense and con- tinued mist over Bellot Strait, caused by considerably warmer water than the air above it, and the strong local winds, perhaps partly caused by this speedy evapora- tion and condensation, are special features." No recurrence of cold was noticed, either in 1858 or in 1859, about May 11th— the period Dove has called attention to. Temperature of the Winds.— To ascertain the elevating or depressing influence of the various winds on the temperature, the following method of investigation was adopted : — The normal temperature of each day was made out by taking the mean of the temperature of that day, the two preceding and the two following days. The ob- served temperature at the hours 6 A. M. and G P. M., and at noon and midniglit, were then compared with the respective normal temperature (the mean of five days); the differences thus obtained were tabulated according to one of the eight winds (or calm) N., N. E., E., S. E., etc., blowing at the respective hours. The mean difference for each wind, and for a period extending over a season, very nearly indicates the elevating or depressing influence of each wind, and at each season, on the temperature of the air. The + sign indicate warmer, the — sign colder, than the average. The diurnal variation being generally small, and in the absence of any regularity of a certain wind blowing regularly at certain hours, the effect of OF OUSERVATIONS FOR TEMPER ATU HE. 39 this variation will di.sappear in the resulting average values. In the exceptional case when no observations are recorded at G A. M. and P. M., the mean of obser- vations at 4 and 8 A. M. and P. M. were substituted. For notes referring to the ob,servatiuns of the winds, see the record or Part II of this discussion. The direc- tions of the wind are "true." This method of investigation is less laborious than that followed by me in a similar discussion of the temperature of the various winds at Van Renssehier Harbor. All results in Baffin Bay have been united, and a second group has been formed from the observations at Port Kennedy. The seasons and localities for Baffin Bay, for which results were deduced, are as follows : — Senson. Months. Autumn — Sept., Oct., Nov., 1858 . Winter— Pec., 1858, Jan., Feb., 1859 Spring — Marcli, April, May, 1859 Summer — June, July, August, 1859 Mean . Between latitudes 75°.3 and 74°.8 14.3 f)9.4 14.6 TI.5 C8.7 13.1 Between longitudes 05°.0aml (!9°.l 0'7.4 fiO.9 59.1 53.7 60.1 88.5 72°.5 N. This average position is nearly in the middle of BafTin Bay. 65°.8 W. Elevatino or Depressing Effects of the Winds on the Temperature of the Air. + warmer, — colder, than tlie mean temperature. Calm. N. N. E. E. S. E. s. s. w. W. N. W. Mean. Autumn 1857 Winter 1S57-8 Spring 1858 Summer 1858 Mean —2°. 8 —1.9 +0.7 +0.6 —1.0 — 0°.2 —0.1 —1.5 0.0 -0.5 +3''.l —0.3 +1.0 +0.5 + 1.1 +1°.6 —1.0 +1.3 —0.5 +0.4 +4M +0.8 + 8.5 —0.3 +3.3 +0''.7 —0.4 +2.5 +0.B +0.8 -2^6 -2.4 -0.7 0.0 —1.4 — 1°.2 —0.2 —0.3 +0.3 —0.4 +0°.3 +1.2 —2.9 —0.5 —0.5 +0°.2 Result for year —1.2 -0.7 +0.9 j +0.2 1 +3.1 +0.6 I —1.6 I —0.6 -0.7 The results in the last line, obtained after deducting 0°.2 from the preceding line, show that the S. E. winds are the warmest, and the S. W. winds the coldest; also, that during calms the temperature is lower. At Van Rensselaer Harbor, the depressing effect of the calms amounted to 3°.4. The following table shows the results for Port Kennedy : — Calm. N. N. K. E. S. E. S. S. W. W. N. W. Mean. Autumn 1858 Winter 1858-9 Spring 1859 Summer 1859 Me.an +2^4 -0.9 -0.4 —0.8 +0.1 +00.9 +2.0 +0.4 —0.4 +0.7 +P.3 —0.5 + 0.3 +o!2 + .3°. 7 + 2.3 +0.6 +0.5 +1.8 +2°.4 —1.2 +0.6 +4°.5 —1.3 +1.6 +1"'.0 +2.2 +0.3 + 1.2 +0.2 —0.6 + 0.5 —0.4 — l°.i) — 0.(i —1.2 —0.2 —1.0 +0°.6 Result for year —0.5 +0.2 —0.3 + 1.3 +0.1 +1.0 +0.6 —0.9 —1.5 The results for winds from the S. E., S., and S. W. are not very reliable, on account of the scarcity of wind from these directions. At Port Kennedy, the E. winds are the warmest and the N. W. the coldest; during calms, the mean tem- .1 -4^ ?7 m KECOUI) AND llEDUCTION reratnrc i,-, d.pros.otl 0°.r,. Tl.o local configuration of the land, and the poculi-r situation of tlio port, may possibly aflect the result.s deduced. The iollowing recapitulation of results shows a tolerably fair agreement between the locahties-middle of Ijallin Bay, Van ReuHselaer Harbor,' and Port Kennedy Bnflin Bny. I-iit. 72 .5 N. Long. (15 .8 W. . — 0°.8 . +0.7 . +0.1 . +3.0 . +0.4 . —1.7 . —0.9 . — o.s Van neiifHoI^uir Harbor. Lat. 7n .0 N. Long. 70 .0 W. 0.(1 —0.1 + 0.9 + 0.6 + 0.4 +0.1 —1.4 Port Kennedy. Lilt. 72 .0 N. Long. 04 '.2 W. + 0°.I —0.4 + 1.2 + 0.1 + 1.0 + 0.5 —1.0 —IS) True direotlon of wind. N N. R. . E S. E S S. W AV J^'. W. . . . ! _ (Tlic positive nnd negative values have I.een iniRle to balnnce, after omittiog tlie value for the calin.s.) Counting from the north (or belonging to a true north wind), in the direction ea,st, south, etc., to 300°, the above tabular numbers can be expressed by the for- mula; — "^ v!!t "' T"n"\- r-' ''° ' ^' = + 1°'5 -•» (' + 338°) + 0°.8 sin (2. + 173°) Jan Reusse aer Ilari.or, 78.6 70.9 r = + 1.0 ,s.:. (e + 28C ) + 0.3 sin (2e + 335 Port Kennedy. 72.0 94.2 T =. +0.9 sU (e + 320 ) + 0.4 sin (2, + 2C ) The second terms are of subordinate value; the first, or significant terms, cor- respond upon the whole very close, considering the peculiarity of each station, in reference to free exposure to the various winds. From the 4th number of the meteorological papers published by the Board of 1 rade in 18G0, I extract the following remark of Captain McClintock's • " The Danish settlers at Upernavik, in Northwest Greenland, are at times startled by a sudden rise of temperature during the depth of winter, when all nature has been long frozen; rain sometimes falls in torrents. It is called the warm southeast wind. In reference to a warm northwest wind in Upper Baffin Bay, alluded to in the sa™e paper (p. iv), the above table for that locality shows that, aif.ough tins wind IS warm in winter, it is considerably colder in spring, and also colder, on the average, for the whole year. Temperature of the &(7.— The following is copied from p. 309 of the record • " On 14th September, 1858, as soon as it appeared probable that we should winter at Port Kennedy, I sunk a brass tube two feet two inches vertically in the ground and mserted a padded thermometer. The ground, at time of sinking the tube' was frozen from six inches below the surfiice, and it was with great difficulty I could get the tube sufficiently far down. The surface soil was similar to that See results given on page 111 of my discu.ssion of Pr. Kane's meteorologieal ohservations Vol XI of the Sinilhsonian Contributions to Knowledge. A.s e.xplained elsewhere (and confirmed by Mr Sonn- tag and Dr. Hayes), the true direction of the wind was actually observed at Van Rensselaer Harbor- hence, the results given in the paper cited above required a corresponding change OF OBSEllVATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE. 81 Bti-ewn over the lan-l. but from below six inches it was of a yellowish nmd. Tiie thormoinetor used was one of very small bore, with a long stem finely gradiiatjtl (it had been prepared for taking temperatures of trees). From ISth to 29th .Sep- tember, 1S58, no register was made, as tiie ship was not in port; also from 18th to 28th March, 1859, as I was absent from the ship travelling. The minimum temperature registered was +0°.5, on March 10th, 1859; the lowest may be as- sumed as at zero, on March IGth. The register was continued until June 18th, when water entered the tube, and the thermometer was frozen to the side so that it could not be detached. Column No. 1 gives the register of this thermometer. Column No. 2 gives the depth of overlaying snow, which was always greater than the average on the land. Or. 17th January, 1859, a tube was placed one foot one inch deep in a mi.xture of shingle and earth ; in this a thermometer was placed. The position of the ground was such that scarcely any snow lay upon it, the strong wind constantly blowing removing it almost as soon as deposited. Column No. 3 is the register of this thermometer. February 12tli, 1859, a tube was placed hori- zontally on the surface of the ground, beneath the snow lying on the ground, where thermometer No. 1 was sunk. The temperature as shown by this tiiermo- meter (Column No. 4) was registered until the snow all disappeared. Column No. 5 gives the mean temperature of the air for the day on which the registers of the different thermometers were taken. Column No. G gives tlie mean° temperature of the air for the number of days or hours intervening between the registers of the thermometers. All the temperatures of the dilferent thermometers are corrected 80 as to reduce them to the standard of the air thermometer, comparisons having previously been made as opportunity offered." (Signed) DAVID WALKER. s\ HE CO II I) AND 11 EDUCTION i>iii». No. No, J. No. 3, No. 4. No. 8. Nov. Doc. Hi.pt. 30 Oil. 1 4 7 9 " 13 " 1(1 " 1» 23 28 6 13 20 27 4 " 11 " 18 1S5U .Imi. 1 8 " 18 " 21 27 1 " 12 " 17 " 2« March 4 " 10 " 28 ApriX 2 7 " 12 F(l>. 30''.4 2!I.U 2.S.5 27.5 2(;.:i 24.1 22.4 21.2 21). 2 1!).4 17.8 1(!.3 14.1) 14.1 i;i.6 12.9 10.(3 8.1 tl.tf 6.4 4.4 2.9 l.(J 0.5 0.8 1.1 3 5 5 7 H 10 111 42 42 55 57 6li - 53 51 6(> (!9 68 72 72 68 72 76 78 No. 0. (( 15 1.4 77 23 1.8 76 u 26 11 30 2.2 84 Mny 7 2.8 82 ti 10 It 14 3.1 72 " 21 3.6 74 ti ti 28 4.3 71 June 4 4.9 70 " 11 10.1 54 i( 16 4( 18 frozen 26 24 frozen 18 July 1 frozen +11.6 +14.0 +14.5 + 18.0 +22.1 +32.3 +33.8 +30.3 + 32.6 — 18°.7 —23.7 —22.2 —24.7 —23.7 —2.1.2 — 2.1.7 —22.7 —16.4 —10.9 —12.4 — lO.i) —12.9 —11.9 — 0.5 — 5.0 — 3.0 — 3.0 + 3.5 + 8.0 — S'.O — 3.8 — 3., — 1.2 + 0.6 + 1.2 + 2.3 + 3.7 + 4.5 + 5.0 + (1.4 + V.7 +31.8 +32.3 +32.1 +34.8 +24^3 +26.4 +22.3 + 13.6 — 1.2 — 0.7 + lh.5 + 9.1 — 0.8 — 2.0 — 0.6 — 9.2 — 13.8 —23.8 —35.4 —35.0 —33.4 —39.2 —34.7 —28.3 —42.2 —25.8 —33.3 —22.7 —36.6 —38. 2 02.2 — 23.4 —15.4 + 2.0 —10.6 —16.3 — 1.1 — 0.2 — 1.5 +16.4 + 4.1 +11.8 +20.4 +17.8 +18.7 +25.4 +34.1 +35.3 +39.2 +3(!.' +3(: :l +4' .6 B«twoen Sept. 30 ami Oct. 1 =.+24". 4( (1 Oit. 1 4 '• 4 " 7 + 25.7 + 22.2 II " 7 " 9 + 9.9 It " 9 " 13 + 7.0 II " 13 " 16 0.0 II " 16 " 19 + 8.2 + 3.2 II " 19 " 23 II " 23 " 28 — 0.4 41 " 28 Nov, 6 — 2.4 II Nov. « " 13 -10.7 11 " 13 " 20 — 7.9 II " 20 " 27 — 16.5 14 " 27 Doo. 4 — 19.4 II Dbo. 4 " 11 —29.8 II " 11 " 18 —36.7 11 " 18 Jnn. 1 -.34.5 11 Jnn. 1 " 8 —36.8 il " 8 " 18 —28. 9 l< " 18 " 21 —.3.1.4 li " 21 " 27 — : 7.5 11 " 27 Fell. 1 II Feb. 1 " 12 — 34.'l II " 12 " 17 —35.6 " 17 " 26 —37.4 II " 26 Mar. 4 —32.1 II m, 'l 4 " 10 —17.0 II " 10 " 28 —17.8 (1 " 28 April 2 —10.9 U AprW 2 " 7 — 3.5 (1 " 7 " 12 —12.3 If " 12 " 15 —14.1 II " 15 " 23 + 3.0 It " 23 " 26 — 5.7 II " 26 " 30 + 5.5 II " 80 May 7 + 5.9 l( May 7 " 10 + 7.0 41 " 10 " 14 -1-14.4 (1 " 14 " 21 + 19.1 '' " 21 " 25 + 17.1 11 " 25 " 28 +22.7 II " 28 Juno 4 +26.5 II June 4 " 11 + 33.7 11 " 11 " 16 +37.4 II " 16 " 18 +40.1 If " 18 " 24 +36.8 11 " 24 July 1 +36.8 The thermometer sunk two feet two iiiche.s, and the ground above covered with snow, gave its lowest indication on March 10th, when it reached -f0°.5, and may be assumed as having reached zero about March 16th. The temperature of the airvvaslow-estabout January 19th (2'=_38°.4); hence, the greatest cold of the soi at that depth occurred 5V days later. The thermometer sunk one foot one inch, and the ground free of snow, reached its lowest indication already on Feb- ruary 2Gtii (7'=_20°.7); hence, 38 days later than the time of the lowest atmo- spheric .temperature. Temperature of (he Surface of the ^a.-Frequent observations (at irregular hours of the day) were made for temperature of the surface of the sea, between July 2d ISO/, and September 12th, 1857. It suffices, however, to give an abstract of hese ob.^< rvations, and the tbllowing record contains the ma.ximum, minimum, and mean temperature observed -ach day. The observations were resumed April .!| OF OltSKRVATlONS FOI! T E M P K R A T U UK. 88 18Ui, 18r,S, mul continued till Soptcnibor lltli, ISoS. Tl.oy wore n-ain rosmncd AugiiHt 2l8t, 1859. Some other observationw will be given below. For ti.e lati- tude and longitude, see preceding ab.stract. Tk.MI'KKATUUE (IF THE St'UKACE OF THE SeA. July, 1867. Date. 1 •i 3 4 r. c 7 H U 10 11 VI 13 14 \:> in 17 18 19 20 1!1 •.M ;iH 30 31 Max. Min. 6,s° ei r>4 f),'> fii 47 44 43 43 38 31) 38 34 (0 41) 40 39 40 43 43 4(i Menu. .Mi fili fi3 Si 47.5 40 •a:< 42 311 33 33 30 37 3H 37 37 37 37 38 39 42 640 A.'i.ft SB r>4 filU 57 57.8 54 53.2 63 4!).!) 44.3 38 42.2 41.3 35.IJ 34.7 30 ■40 38.3 38. 7 38.2 38.5 39.5 41.5 43.8 Notes — July, 1857. Kith. Pack ice in siglit. 17lh. Sailing tlirough the ice. IHtli. Bergs .ind pack ico. 23d. In liarbor. 28th. Surface temp. 38°, and at 110 fathoms deptli 31°. 5. 28th-30th. Icebergs in sight. August, 1867. I) lite 1 2 3 4 S 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 35 2(1 27 28 29 30 31 Mils. Min. 41)" 46 44 49 41 43 35 37 3tl 35 38 35 38 38 37 3(1 32 35 30 30 32 33 33 31 1^3 31 33 33 32 30 32 44" 44 42 38 38 37 31 30 31 30 32 29 32 33 32 30 29 29 29 29 29 30 2!) 28 30 30 30 31 29 29 30 44°.8 44.2 42.2 42.3 39.7 .39.5 34 32.7 33 32.3 32.5 32.7 35 .35.5 3.t.7 32.7 31 3(1.7 29.(! 29.7 31 31 31 29.5 31 30.5 31.2 31.7 31 29.5 30.9 Notes — Aaii'ST, 1807. 2d and 3d. Many icebergs in sight, nth. Fast to a berg. Kith. At 1 1>. M., temp, in shade, thoruioiNi'ter freely suspended, 4(1" ; against iioberg, receiviiinit-S reflected ray.i, 53" ; against ice- berg in the sun, 03=' ; against a black surface in the sun, 82°. 14th. Deep sea thermometer : — At 114 fatlioms, 30° " 50 " 2P.5 " 25 " 31.6 " surface 38 Fresh water on berg, 32.2 15th. Temp. 3 feet in the iceberg, 29°.l;j; its surface, 'i2°.l ; temp, of the air 41°.(i, at 9 A. M. lilth and 17th. Fast to a lloe. 1857 I Nov. 9th. Temp, of sea surface, 28°.0 ; 185S Fob. 2d. Temp, of sea surface, 28.5 ' 18.i8 Mar. 10th. NOTES. SEPTEMIlEn, IS.")?. Mean. Diite. Max. 22d. March l.st. " Temp, at 5 fath's 120 120 29.0 29.0 32.5 34.5 29.5 Mar. 20th. Mar. 29th. April 7th. 100 ' 31.0 5 ' 29.0 90 ' 34.0 4 ' 29.5 12i) ' 38.0 4 ' 30.5 110 ' 34.0 I 2 3 4 5 (i 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 20 27 28 29 30 30° 31 30 .32,5 30.5 30 30 30 32 32 31 30 Min. 29° 29 29 29 29 28 28 29 29 ,30 29.5 2S 29'.5 30 29.3 211.7 29.7 28.8 2>-.5 29.2 30.7 31 .30. (i 2-*:a Notes. — Septkmbeb, 1857. 5th. At 10 A.M.— 88 fatlioms, temp. 29°.5 50 " 29.0 25 " tiit.o Surface, 28.8 13th. 2ii icebergs in sight from aloft. 24tU. Temp, of se ' at surface, 29°. Temp, at 120 fath's 3n°.5 1858 April 7th. April loth. April 14th. April 2Ut. Temp, at 4 fath's 120 " 4 " 110 " 4 " 110 " 4 " 30° 34 30 31 30.5 31.2 29. S i .^' 34 RECORD AND REDUCTION 'I ii*'' Temperature of the Surface or the Sea. April, 1858. June, 1858. Diitc. Mux. Min. Monn. 18 li) 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 31 31 32 2S<'.5 2i) 30 29.5 30 29^0 29.0 2S.7 29.0 29.5 29.5 30.4 30.2 30.9 May, 185S. Dnte. Mnx. Min. I Menn. 8 9 10 , . , . 11 29 40° 34° 30 34 31 31 33 31 29^0 28.0 2i^.O 29.0 3G.2 32.4 31.8 Pulo. 1 2 3 4 5 G 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Ki 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2{i 27 28 29 30 Max. 33° 35 32 33 32.5 32 33 33 33 32 33 32 31.5 32 32 32 39 32 33 32 31 32 32 32 33 33 33 32.5 33 32 Min. 32° 33 31 32 31 31.5 31 32 311.5 31 32 30 30 30 31 29 31 30 31 31 31 29 30 30.5 31 31 31 32 32 31 Moan. 32°.5 33.7 31.7 32.7 31.6 32.0 32.3 32.7 32.2 31.6 32.3 31.6 3(1.8 31.0 31.7 31.0 32.3 31.2 31.8 31.7 31.0 30.8 31.2 31.6 32.2 31.8 31.7 ,32.1 32.5 31.7 July, 1858. Date. 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Mn.x. 34° 32 33 32.2 33 32 32 31 34 32.5 33 32 32 32 32 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.5 35 33 33 34 38 41 38 35 35 37 34 34 Min. Mean. 31° 31 31 31.5 31 30.5 31 31 31 31 32 31 31 31 31 31 31 30 31 32 32 31 32 32 32 32 32 32.5 32 31 32 32°.0 31.8 31.8 31.9 31.8 31.2 31.7 31.0 32.2 31.9 32.3 31.7 31.2 31.3 31.8 31.8 32.1 31.6 31.8 32.9 32.3 32.3 32.9 33.8 S.O.O 34.0 33. S ,33.8 33.8 32. S 33.0 August, 1858. September, 1858. Date. 1 2 3 4 5 6 9 1(1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Max. Min. Moan 35° 35 34 37 35 34 34 32.1 33 32 32 31 31 32 33 31 31 32 30 31 30 30 30 29 33° 33 32 32 31 32 31 32 32 31 31 31 31 30 30 30 30 30 80 30 29 29 29 33°. 8 34.0 33.2 33.7 33.2 33.2 32.4 32.0 29.6 32.1 32.7 34.0 32.6 31.3 31.5 31.0 31.0 30.8 31.2 30.2 30.2 30.4 30.0 30.2 29.5 29.7 29.7 2!i.(l Pate. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 )1 Max. Min. ! Mean. 29° 29° 29 29 i 30 29 29 29 j 29 29 1 30 29 32 30 31 30 30 29 30.,') 29 ■■ i 29°.0 29.0 29.2 29.0 29.0 29.5 30.3 30,7 29.5 29.6 29.2 Sept. 27th. Temp, at 65 fathoms, 31° J surface temp., 28°. August, 1859. Date. 8 A. M. « P. M. Mean. 21 22 39°,6 23 36.5 24 37.8 25 38.2 2li 3'?.,') 39°.8 39.0 36.8 ,38.5 38.5 39. ti 39.2 .36,7 38,1 38.3 ;i!l. 1 1 September, 1859. 1 rate. 8 A.M. 8 P.M. Mean. 2 39° 39°.0 3 38°.8 39.8 39.3 4 4(1.0 41.2 40.6 5 41.0 41.0 41.0 ' 6 41.5 42.0 41.7 7 38.5 40.5 39.5 8 42.5 44.0 43.2 9 43.0 44.5 43.7 10 45.0 46.5 4.^.7 11 47.5 48.0 47.7 12 61.0 51.0 13 50.5 52.5 51.5 14 , . 54.0 54.0 15 , , 56.0 5(1.0 16 , , 56.5 56.5 17 58.0 58.0 OP OnSEUVATlO.NS FOR TE M P E II AT UllK. 35 Table of Mkan Results for Tempekature of the Surface of the Sea. 1 Dnte. Locality. Temp. REMARKS. Between N. lat. Between W. long. of aea. 1857 July 2-15 " 16—31 Aug. 1—15 " 16-31 Sept. 1—12 " 24 Nov. 9 1858 Fell. 2-22 March 1—29 April 7—21 " 18—28 May 8—11 " 29—31 Juno 1—15 " 16—30 July 1—15 " 16—31 Aug. 1—12 " 16—31 Sept. 1— U " 27 1859 Aug. 21—26 Sept. 2— 9 » 10—17 68°.3— 60°.l 60.4-69.2 69.4—75.1 75.1—75.5 75.5—75.6 75.1 74.8 72.5—70.7 69.8—68.5 67.0—64.2 64.8—66.5 66.8—69.0 71.3—72.8 72.8—74.2 75.0—75.9 75.9—74.6 74.4—72.6 72.8—74.3 74.3—72.0 72.0 72.0 72.7— 69. 7 67.3—58.7 68.1—51.3 20.6— 4S='.3 49.7—53.3 53.0—59.3 69.3—64.1 64.0—65.5 65.3 68.5 61.2-60.7 59.7—58.5 58.4-5S.7 58.6—53.5 53.3—53.3 55.6—55.8 55.8—58.2 60.1—67.5 67.5-80.9 82.0—76.3 77.2—89.0 94.0-94.2 94.2 94.0 72.1—55.5 57.3—48.3 44.9—16.4 5P.7 3S.5 36.9 30.8 29.6 29.0 28.0 28.8 29.6 30.0 29.6 28.5 33.5 32.0 31.6 31.7 32.4 32.8 30.5 29.5 28.0 38.5 41.0 52.5 Aberdeen to off Cape Farwel. Oil' Cape Farewell to I.iovely. Licvely to uear Melville Bay. I( u (( (( (( (1 (t If HafBn Bay. Near Davis Strait, at 4J fatlioms depth. Davis Strait 4 fathoms. Davis Strait. Holsteiiiburg to Whalefi.sh Islands. Onienak Fiord to off Tpernavik. Off Upernavik to south of Melville Bay. Melville li.iy. Upper Batlin B,ay. Baffin Bay. Near Lancaster Sound and Barrow Strait. Prince Regent Inlet, Port Keunedy. Near Port Keunedy. (( u Lower Baflin Bay. Off South (treonlaud. The lowest temperatures of the surface of the sea were observed in November. 1857, near Melville Bay, and in September, 1858, at Port Kennedy (viz., 28°.0) ; the highest temperature, north of Davis Strait, in May, 1858, ofl" Swarte Hook Peninsula (viz., 33°. 5). The following table of monthly mean temperatures of the air (in shade), ex- pressed in degrees of Fahrenheit's scale, has been prepared by Captain McClintock, and is here appended as forming part of the moat valuable material for the con- struction of the Lsothormal lines, and for the investigation of the ell natic relations of this portion of the Arctic regions. I have added two columns, containing the results from the Second American Grinnell Expedition, under command of Dr. E. K. Kane, from my discussion of the observations, as published by the Smithsonian Institution, and the results for Port Kennedy as made out by me in the preceding discussion. This last column may be substituted for that given by Captain McClintock in his general table. 'A ,.^i . ■* "Mi V 111 » 1* 3(5 ■>-■ ■ RECORD AND REDUCTION OF OBSERVATIONS FOR TEMPERATURE. Table of Mean Monthly Temperatures Registered by Mobern ExrEDiTioNs to the American Arctic Regions. Month. aj. <;oo J ^ m S>^ 5 -:. E" S^i January Kcliruiuy March April May June July August Septpmber October Noveml)er December Mean an- nual temp. 23.13—29.32 24.(11 — 2(i.|j8 —10.78 —28.1(1 -f. O.no _ 3. or) +23.31 4-17.88 +33.16 1+31.38 +3r).33'+41.4(i +30.88 i+4i;.32 +31.«2'+28.,')7 + 13.ir, |+12.5(i + 7.80 + 0.(18' 14.241— 1!1. 27 '— 1G.13 —19.58 —19.01 I— 0.85 ■+25.14 +32.1(1 + :^8.r.8 +33.88 +25.10 +13.72 — 18.6C' —28.25 i ^-^ CO » " "SI 4^ B» Wd-. m2 ICQ ^ o fi.-ff IE ." I « S -oi o '^ A, J 37.75 30.73 —17.58 — 3,43 + 18.03 +.32.75 +43.05 +31). S3 +27.52 + 3.95 — 7.17 —31.27 —27.2 —20.9 —20.9 + 1.4 1+15.3 ;+3fa'.8 +44.6 1+40.9 1+29.4 + 7.9 — 3.(! —23.1 + 9,63 + 5,06 + 5.51 a ai t- -■ss- + 2.85 = 5 'S „ - C ft •" t^ , „ a +5.97 I? C -J o o >■> » a. —25.4 —16.19 —32.5 —31,80 —34,7 —20,00 — 6.4 — 0,90 +16.0 +22.'i9 +31.6 +32.37 +37.9 i . . +36.5 . . I +27.4 I . . +11.0 :+ 0.56: —11.4 — 9.62 —20.2 —26.04 —24,2 —17.8 —12.7 + 5.0 +19,3 +31.0 +35.2 +43.3 +28,9 + 4.1 — 9.2 — 5,6 —13,3 :— 27.7 —17.0 + 2.4 +20.9 +32.6 +38,4 +47,0 +23,5 — 0,0 — 7,7 —21,0 +2.48 Botli yoara +7.31 > 2 to " Month. WJ ^ 5^ X n >- r. u , ce ^ S _bC r- ti a t^ M o —19,29 —16.89 —23.29 +10.12 + 16.85 +32.53 +41,32 +42.63 +28.10 + 7,56 — 5,37 —17.46 —33.53 —36,06 —17.64 — 2.45 + 15.41 +35.50 +40,14 +37,55 +25,43 + 7.47 —11.29 —32.98 < . ^ So .£? + 8.07 £-■-- = - » + 2.29 —32.5 -37.7 28.8 ■ 4.8 +18.9 +36.1 +37.5 +36.5 +20.2 + 0.2 —10.2 —23.4 4 H e: "^ o o gW3 +1.00 .S.S- 5a; n January February March April Way June July August September October November December ! SS''>' ! * ^ 1 j iai 1 S"» I M ." [ ."S5 . n ^ « 1 -"2 ' a. ^ 5 ji-i i ^ CO ■^ . QQ LAND. H. M. 852-53 J " CO ] « ""• « S :^. i-!^,; o^ 5^1 s^l O" a —28.9 —27.3 —28.4 — 6.5 +17.6 +36.1 -f37.3 +35.8 +25.9 +10.8 — 5.0 —19.0 -' 4.03 —31.8 —31.3 - 19.4 -10,1 +16.4 +31.7 -j-36.0 +33.7 +23.2 +10.0 —12,8 —32.5 +1,09 fit- o i-i Mean an- , „ ,, nualtemp. +'^-^° \ —27.3 —25.8 —28.4 — 1.4 + 10.2 +31.5 +36.7 +37.6 + 24.6 + 3.3 —15.2 —20.0 I ° I —43.9 j_31.9oi —38.5 —25.4 — 6.5 + 15.0 +33.2 +20,1 — 5.6 —16.5 —26.1 "g. r- -5 'I i ^* 5* t2'~ —33,00 —25,70 — 7.03 + 0..54 +32.67: +36.60' +.33.70 +20.20 0,30 — 6.90 —22.20 —36.8 —19.0 —13.0 — 1.8 +19.0 +36.8 +39.4 +34.5 + 21.4 + 6.2 — 3.12 —24.7 1-1 O 00 « ^f'' ^ i^^ .J H ~.co ij . 1; s a ir. o . < 1-3 ■-• a - a» K ^ • a tj "^ • go . < teg wgS . « .< I !r •^ ^ ,, BO . o ^ K O *** . o <3 —31.41—36.71 —34.3'— 41.12 i-23.0 —31.95 i+ 0.3— 7.13 1+13.9 [+30.8 1+37.5 '+34.6 + 18.5 +37. + 7.4+ 4.60 —16.6—22.27 —24.1 —31.93 I Both ynnrs + 0.47 +3.06 ^ ed ea ' i iJJ.-- "I'l !n 112 E 2 I •« t o 0) a w^ —32.4 —34.0 —19.5 — 9.9 +16.7 +36 2 +42.4 +32.7 +22.6 — 4.9 —22.0 —22.0 i— 36.13 —30.42 —19.18 — 2.47 + 16.00 +.33.04 +36.42 1+33.10 i-fl8,80 j- 0,56 1—12,70 —26,50 —37.4 —40.2 —30.8 — 4.8 + 0.3 +27.9 +38.1 +36.2 +17.0 + 9.5 — 18..S —28.0 —26.07 —34.02 —17.47 — .3.74 +25.82 +30.73 : -i-40.52 I +33.67 I +26.76 ! + 11.32 —18.60 : —27.05 ! —40.00 —29.50 —17.71 — 8.60 + 14.70 +20.80 + 35.70 +33,80 +18,63 — 1.80 — 6.04 —35.50 +0,41 + 0.88-1.80 + 4.32 , - 0.59 !|25 1-5 t:* « 1 <- = o 2 S^-f'S" i * - 'S 2 till! —28.26 —26.53 —33.54 — 9.48 +14.78 +30.76 +38.18 +31.59 +13.16 — 4.13 —21.96 —31.00 i— 34.44 1-36.80 —17.44 '— 1.08 i+15.87 +35.67 +39.08 +36.76 +25.13 + 7.12 11.86 33.76 — 2.20 + 2.02 - - s. ~ s ■3 So M ^ . Q a « 3 na PART II. WINDS. i : • Cfl 3\ - > : ScA ■i,i RECORD AND DISCUSSION OF THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND. The direction and force of the wind wa? recorded at the same hours as those given in the preceding record of the observations for temperature, and are the same at which all other meteorological observations were made. In the preface to the journal containing the original record, Captain McClintock states— "The true direction of the wind is given throughout;" and "the force of the wind is indicated according to the Beaufort scale of notation, to 12, see Ad- miralty's Manual." Comparing the direction of the wind given in the fourth num- ber of Meteorological Papers published by authority of the Board of Trade, 1860, I find that for a part of the cruise the magnetic direction is given, which in Cap- tain McClintock's record is already converted into "true," the magnetic variation having been applied ; I ha\ c, therefore, added to the record of the wind the ob- served variation of the needle to show the amount allowed for in the conversion of the directions. The proper reduction of the winds requires a knowledge of the velocity of the air corresponding to each number expressing the force according to Beaufort's scale; this I have derived from the following table :— Denomination of wind Calm liiglit air Gentle breeze . Moderate breeze Fresh breeze . Strong ))recze Fresh gale Strong fjJe . Storm . Tempest Hurricane The relation of the tabular numbers of pressure and velocity is in accordance Avith Smeaton's table, and also agrees with that following from Dr. Bernoulli's for- mula. By simple proportion, or by means of a diiigram, we obtain the following velocity number corresponding to Beaufort's scale, or to a graduation from to 12. Estimnteil Pressure in Velocity in number of pounds per miles per force. square foot. hour. 0.000 1 0.005 1 2 0.08 4 3 0.9 13 4 2.6 23 5 5.1 32 6 7.9 40 7 12.0 M 8 18.0 60 9 31.0 80 10 49.0 100 I s'\ M V ^, f:(«l r RECORD AND DISCUSSION v^'S. Force according to lieaufi)rt'a Dotation. I 3 4 5 6 Correspondinf; ndoptej velocity in miles per hour. 1 4 10 17 24 Force according to Beftufort'a notation. 7 8 9 10 11 la Corre.«ponding adopted velocity in miles per hour. 40 48 66 67 82 100 viX'ri "'x?''"^ ""°"'°^ "^ "'"-"°"' • -^-'« «--. '" ti.« Eccord of (he Ohservatlons for Direction mid force of the Wind. JJ'i T't ™'7.r^' ^'"''!''^ ^" *^^° P''^^*^' '^' fi'-^t part comprising the period from September, 1857, to August, 1858, when the ship was in Baffi 's Bay, and lo.t Kennedy. These two periods will be discussed separately. The daily and hole r; e ' '"f" '' ''" ^"^ ^" ^"^^'^^^ ^" '''' - '-^ «f 'he temperatures ■ those lor the several seasons are as follows :— Autnran— Sept., Oct., Nov., 1857 AVinter—Dcc, Jan., Feb., 1857-8 Spring— March, April, May, 1858 Summer— June, July, Aug., 1858 Whole year— average position, Baffin's Bay Second year— at Port Kennedy . Remarks relating to winds are given in notes. Between mean Int's — 75°.3and 740.8 N. 74.3 71.5 69.4 C8.7 74.6 Ul 720.5 N. and 72.0 and Mean long's — 65°. and 69°. 1 W. ofGr. 07.4 60.9 59.1 53.7 60.1 88.5 65°. 8 W. ofGr. 94.2 OF THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND. 41 Direction (true) and Force op the Wind observed on board the yacht Fox. July, 1857.— aicin position: Lat. 62° N.; long. 39°. 1 AV. of Greenwich. 1 2 3 4 5 U 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 l.") 1« 17 18 1!) 20 21 22 23 24 25 2ti 27 28 2il 30 ■il DATE. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2t! 27 28 29 30 31 4ii. 2 S. S. W. B3. 5 N. E. by N. « N. 2 N.W.byW. 1 K. ti !•:. S. E. 7 K. by S. 2 E. 1 N. N. E. 7 N. N. E. 2 N. W. Ciilra C.ilm 1 W. by N. 4 N. W. 2 N.W.byW. 2 N. () S. 4 N. W. Ti N.W.byN. 4 K.W. L> N. Calm 5 N. 1 N. 5 N. 2 N. N. W. 7 E. S. E. 2 W. N. W. 2 E. by S. 6h. Noon. 2 W. S. W. 4S. .') N. E. by N, li N. 1 S. W. Calm (i E. S. E. 7E. byS. 4 E. N. E. 4 N. N. E. UN. 1 N. W. 1 E'ly 1 S. E. 1 S. W. 4 N. W. 2N.W.byN. OS. 2S. W. .') N.W.byN. 4 N.W.byN. 4 S. W. 5 N. IN. 4N. 1 N. N. W. 4E. 4 N.W.byN. 2 E. N. E. j 4 S. W. 5 S. H. W. 5 N. E. by N, 4N. 1 N. W. I E. II E. S. E. .'■. E. t- E. N. E. 5 N. N. E. 4 N. bv W. 1 W. N. W. 2 S. E. 4 N. W. 1 S. W. by S, 5 N. W. 3 N. W., E. 5 S. by E. 2S. W. 5 N.W.bvN. G N.W.byN. (i S. v.. bv S. 1 N. N. W. 2N. 3 N. by W. 2 .S. S. E. 4E. 5 N.W.byN. Calm 4li. 4 S. bv W. 1 N. W. I) N. E. by N, 2 W. N. W. 1 W. N. W. IE. 7 E. by S. 3E. 5 E. by N. N. N. E. 4 N. N. E. 1 W. N. W. ^ E'ly 4 W. by N. 1 S. W. 4 N. W. 2 N. N. W. 4 S. W. 4 S. W. 2 N.W.byW. 5 N.W.byN. 4 N.W.byN. 2 S. W. by S. 2 N. N. W. 2N. 3 N. by W. 4 E. S. E. 2 S. S. E. Tr.W.liyN. Cal:?' 81.. 4S.VV.byW Calm C N. by E. 2 W. N. W. 1 W. N. W. 3 E. S. E. 7 E. by S. 2E. 1 E. by N. i> N. r:. E. 4 N. N. E. 1 N'ly 4 E'ly 5 N. N. W. 1 S. W. 4 N.W.byN, 2 N.W.byN, 5 H. W. 3 N. W. 2 N.W.byW. 3 N.W.byN. 2 N.W.byN. 1 N. W. 1 N. 2N. 5 N. N. W. ii E. a. E. 2S. 7 N.W.byN. Calm Midn't. 4 S. S. W. 4N. E. byN, 7 N. by E. 2 N.W.byW, 1 N. W. 4 E. S. E. 7 E. by S. is'ly 1 var. 7 N. N. E. 2 N. 1 N'ly 4 E. by S. 1 N. N. W. 2 N. N. E. 2 N.W.byN. 2 N.W.byN. 5 S. S. W. 3 N. W. 2 W. 3 N.W.byN. 2 N.W.byN. 3 N. W. 1 N. 2N. 4 N. N. W. 7 E. S. E. 1 S. 2 N.W.byW. Calm Viirla'n alluw'd. w. 3ll° 37 42 47 51 52 .')0 55 5 (J 59 Tlio variatl applli'il rnrlli,>'j,l. :icl, 4ili, uuil.'.ili I uut givou. C2 64 70 72 l.Mh. Ciirront X. N. W. is'. inih. Current N. N. W. IS ; rii- Hatloii applli'd, tK-tw-t'eu till* IJtth &'.!Oth uot slated. August, 1857.— Mean position: Lat. 74° N. ; long. 590.8 W. 41.. Calm 4 S. E. by E. 8h. byS. lE'ly (J H. E, 5 W, 4 .S'ly 1 S. E. by S. 3 N. E. b'y li. 5 S. E. 3 S. S. E. 4 N. W. 1 N. W. Calm Calm Calm 1 W'iy S. E. 5 S. E. 1 E. N. E, C S. E. 1 S. E. 1 N. W. 1 E. 1 N. E. 3N. 2 E. by 3 5E. Calm 1 S. E. 3N. 8 S. S. E. Calm 3 N. E. I Calm ' 2 S. E. by S. I .') W. ! 5 S'ly 3 W. N. W. 2 N. E. by E, ' 5 S. 3 S. S. E. 3 W. N. W. 1 S. W. Calm Calm Calm Calm 4 S. E. 4 E. S. E. 1 E. N. E. 5E. 2 S. S. E. Calm 1 R. 2 N. by E. 4 E. by S. 3 S. by E. (i E. S. E. 2 E. by S. 1 S. E. 3N. 8S. E. Noou. Calm 1 E'ly Calm 8 S. E. by S. 4 W. G S. S. E. 2 N. N. W. 2 N. K. by E. 5 S. S. E. 3 S. S. ).;. 4 N. W. 2 S. E. Calm Calm Calm 2 S. S. E. 2 S. S. E. 3 E. S. E. 1 E. N. E. 4 S. E. by S. 2S. W. byS. Calm 4 E. N. E. 2 N.W.byN. 6E. 6 E. S. E. 4 E. N. E. 1 E. S. E. 2 E. S. E. 5 S. E. 5 E. N. E. 41.. SI.- 3 S'ly 1 E'lv 4 E. "by S. I! N.W.byW 5 W. bv S. G S. S. E. 2 N'ly 4 E. by N. 3 S. S. E. 1 W. N. W. 3 N. W. 2 S. E. Calm Calm 3 N. W. 3 S. S. E. 4 S. S. E. 2 S. E. 2S. 3 S. E. by S. 1 S. W. by S. 1 S. E. 3 E. 3 N.W.byN. G E. by N. 3E. 3 N. E. by E. 1 K. S. E. 1 N.W.byW. 7 E. j 3N. N. W. 4 E. S. E. Calm 4 S. E. by S. 4N.W.bvW 5 W. by's. j S S. S. E. 1 1 N'ly ' 4 E'ly 3 S. 2 W'ly 3 N. W. Calm IN'ly Calm 3 N. W. 3 S. S. E. 4 S. E. IS. E. 3 S. S. E. 2 S. E. by S. 1 S. W. byS. 1 S. E. 2 E. N. E. 3 N.W.byN. () E. by N. 5 E. bv N. 2 E. N". E. 1 S. S. E. 4 W. N. W. 7 E. .S. E. N.W.byW. Midn't. 5 S. E. by E Calm li S. E. by S. 4 W. N. W. 5 W. by S. 4 S. S. E. 3 N'ly 5 E'ly 3 S. E. 2 N. W. 2 N. W. Calm 1 N. E. by N Calm 3 N. W. ,■) S. S. E. (i S. E. 1 S. E. 5 S'ly 2 S. E. Calm 1 E. S. E. 1 E. N. E. 3 N. 5 E. by N. 5 E. by N. 2 E. by S. 2 K. S. E. 4 W. N. W. 8 E. S. E. (i N.W.byW. Varia'n Hllow'd, w. 70 80 82 S7 90 90 90 87 90 90 90 92 92 92 92 92 92 38' 92 38 92 38 92 30 94 12 4lh. Haffllni; winds Willi fttl-OUg gusts. Var'u ubserv.hl. Vftr'o observed. Var'a observed. ."ilst. Vftr'ii obs. Ice BtHtionary, af- terwards driviriir toN,.N.W. S S. li. ,.%, ~w - H 42 RECORD AND DISCUSSION Direction (true) and Force of the Wind ohbekved on hoard the yacht Fox. September, 1857.— Mean position: Lnt. 75o.3 N. ; long. 05° W. VRrlfttlna allowed. DATE. 4h. 8h. Noon. 4U. 8h. Midu't. 1 2 N. W. 2E, 2 S. W. 1 W. N. W. 2 S. S. W. 3 S. E. 2 3 S. E. 3 S. by E. 1 E. Calm Calm 1 N. W. 3 1 N. W. by W. 1 N. W. by W. 1 N. W. by W. 1 N. N. W. 1 N. N. W. 1 N. W. by W. ti E. hy a. ■ 2 S. E. 4 3 S. S. W. 3S. 3 S. E. bv S. 4 S. E. E. S. E. 6 1 N. K. 2 S. E. 2 E. hy N. 2E. Calm w. 3 S. H. E. 2 S. K. by E. 3E. 3 E. N. E. 3N. 3 N. N. W. 94° 2S' 7 5 N. N. W. 5 W. bv S. 3 W. S. W. 3 E. 4N. E. () E. ,S. E. 8 8 W. S. W. 7 S. S. W. fi S. E. 7S. E. G U. by W. 6 S. E. by S. « S. by E. 1 W. hy S. (> S. S W. 9 5 S. hy E. 5 9. E. by S. (i S. by E. :> by E. 7 S. by E. 10 5 S. E. hy S. 2 S. by E. 3 S. by E. 1 S. hy E. 1 W. N. W. 11 2 S. by E. 4 E. by a. 5 S. E. 7S. E. S. E. 12 4 W. by S. 2 W. by N. 2 W. 2 W. hy N. 1 W. bv N. 1 W. by N. 4 E. by N. 3 W. 13 4 W. by N. 3 W. N. W. 1 W. by N. 2 N. W. 3 S. S. E. 94 4 14 BE. 4 S. E. by S. 4 S. S. E. « S. l)y E. « W. hy S. 16 1 W. by S. 2 S. by E. 2 N. N. W. 1 S. E, hy S. 1 E. by S. 4 E. S. E. 2 H. N. E. IB 4 E. by S. 3 E. by S. 4 E. by S. 3 E. hy .S. 2 E. hy N. 2 W. 17 2 N. E. 1 N. by W. 1 N. W. hy N. 1 N. N. W. 1 N. W. 95 10 18 2 N. hy E. 2 N. N. AV. 3 N. W. 4 N. W. 5 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 19 5 N. E. 3 N. N. W. 1 N. 2 N. E. by W. 2 N. E. by N. 2 N. E. 20 2 N. W. by N. 2 N. hy E. 2N. E. 3 N. W. 4 N. W. by W. 4 N. W. 4 N. W. hy W. 2 N. N. W. 21 4 N. W. by \V. 4 N. W. by W. 5 N. W. by W. (J N. W. hy W. 22 4 W. 4 N. W. by W. 6 W. N. W. li W. N. W. G W. by S. Calm 7 W. N. W. 23 2 W. N. W. 2 N. W. 2 N. N. W. 1 W. N. W. Calm j4 14 24 3 E. by S. n N. N. E. (i N. N. E. 3 N. W. 2N. W. 4 N. \V. 25 U N. W. 4 N. W. 2 N. W. 2N.W. byN. 1 N. E. 1 N. E. 26 2 N. N. E. 2 \V. by S. 3 N. W. by W. 3 N. W. by W. 3 N. W. by W. 3 W. N. W. 27 2 N. W. by W. 3 N. N. W. 4 E. N. E. 4N. E. 3 E. N. E. 3 N. E. by N. Calm 28 1 N. i\. E. Calm 2E. 2 N. N. E. Calm 29 2 N. W. by W. 2 W. N. W. 1 W. N. W. Calm 1 W. N. W. 1 W. N. W. 30 Calm 1 N. W. by W. 4 N. N. W. 5 N. W. hy W. 6 N. W. by W. 2 W. N. W. 21., Gi'- loll. 21.. 61.. 101.. 30 Calm 1 N. W. 2 N. W. hy W. 4 N. W. by W. 4 N. W. by W. 2 W. N. W. Geuabks. 1st Ice driving to S. W., nnd .afterwards to N. W. IGth. Ice drift to S. W. 2d. " " N. and N. W. 17th. " S. W. 3d. " " S. E. and N. W. l«tli. " S. W. and S. E. 4tli . " " E., S. W., and W. inth. " N. and S . E. Bth . Ice drift to westward. 20th. " S. E. fith . V.ar'n observed. Ice drift to S.,N. W.,& S. W. 2l8t. " S. E. 7th . Ice drift to S. E. and N. W. 22d. " S. E. 8tli H. W. and N. 23d. " S. E., N. E., and S. W. 0th " westward. 24tlj. " S. E. 10th S. W., N. E. and E. 2.5th. " S. E. and S. llth " westward and N. W. 2(;th. " S. E. 12th " eastward and westward. 27th. " S. E. and S. W. IMth N. E. and N. W. 2Sth. " S. E. and S. W. 14th " westward. 2!)th. " S. E. mth " northward. 3nth. " S. E. OF THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND. 43 Direction (true) and Force of the Wind observed on board the yacht Fox. | October, 1857.— Mean position: Lat. 75°. 2 N.; long. 6T°.9 W. DATE. 2h. 4I1. 6. 8h. IQh- Noon. 1 1 W. N. W. 1 W. N. W. Calm 2 S. by E. 2 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 2 3 K. S. E. 1 E. S. E. Calm Calm 1 \V. 1 N. W. 3 2 \V. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 2 N. W. bv W. 2 N. W. by W. 2 N. W. by W. 4 4 N. W. liy W. 4 N. W. 3 N. W. 3 N. W. by W. 2 \V. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 5 2 N. N. W. 1 N. W. 3 N. W. 5 N. \V. 5 N. W. 5 N. W. by W. (i» 2 N. W. 2 N. W. 2 N. bv E. 1 N. l,y E. 1 N. by W. 1 N. byW. 7 Calm Culm 1 H. hy K. 1 H. by E. 1 S. bv E. 1 S. H. W. 8 2 \v. y. W. 1 W. .'^. W. 2 H. S. E. 2 S. E. by S. 1 E. by S. 1 E. by S. i» 1 K. l>v S. 1 E. bv S. 1 N. W. by N. 2N. 4 N'. E. 5 N. E. 10 4 W. N. \V. 4 VV. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 2 VV. N. W. n 2 N. W. by W. 2 N. W. by W. 2 W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 2 W. N. \V. 12 4 W. N. \V. 4 W. N. W. 4 W. N. W. 4 N. W. 3 W. by N. 2 W. bv N. 13 1 W. liy N. 1 W. by N. 1 W. 1 W. 1 E. N.'E. 2 E. N.'E. 14 8 K. N. K. 9 E. N.'E. 8 E. S. E. 8 E. S. E. 8 E. S. E. 8 E. H. E. 15 7 K. a. K. 7 E. S. E. « S. E. by E. « S. E. by E. 7 S. E. 7 8. E. l(i 4 K. S. K. 4 E. S. E. 4 E. H. E. 2S. E. 2S. E. 3 E. by S. 17 6 S. S. K. 4 s. a. E. 4 E. by S. 5 E. G N. E. G N. K. 18 2 E. l.y S. 1 E. by S. 3 W. 2 W. 3 W. S. W. 3 S. by W. 10 2 N. W. 5 N. W. 5 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 W. N. W. 4 W. N. W. 20 4 E. S. E. 4 E. S. E. 3 S. S. E. 2 S. W. by S. 2 S. W. by S. 2 S. W. by S. 21 fi S. by E. 4 S. by E. 5 S. E. bv S. 5 .S. E. by S. 4 h. E. by S. 4H. E. 22 2 N. K. l,y E. 5 N. E. by E. 8 N. W. by W. 9 N. W. by W. 9 W. by N. 9 W. by N. 23 (i S. W. 4 S. W. 2 S. W. 2 S. W. 2 S. W. 2 S. W. 24 5 W. by N. C N. W. 6N. W. « W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 25 Calm Ciilir. IW. 1 W. 1 E. by N. 1 N. N. W. 2(( 2 N. W. bv W. 2N. \V. bvW. 1 W. by S. 1 W. by S. 1 v^. W. by W. 1 S. W. by W. 27 1 S. E. by E. 1 S. E. by E. 1 S. E. by E. 1 N, W. 1 W. .'! N. W. 28 8 N. W. 9 N. W. 7 N. W. 6 N. W. G N. W. 2 N. W. 29 3 E. by N. 2 E. bv N. 1 E. by N. 1 N. W. by W. 1 N. W. by W. 1 N. W. by W. 30 3 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 N. Vf. 1 N. E. by E. 2 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 31 2 N. E. by N. 3 N. E. by N. 4 N. E. by N. 2 N. by E. 3 N. by K. 3 N. by E. DATE. 2h. 41.. Gil- 8I1. Kill. Midn't. 1 2 S. E. by E. 1 S. E. by E. (! N. E. 4E. 5 E. S. E. 4 E. S. E. 2 1 K. by N. 1 S. S. E. 1 W. 1 W. Calm 3W. 3 2 N. W. 2 N. W. by N. 2 N. W. by N. 2 N. W. by N. 2 N. W. bv W. 3 N. W. by W. 4 2 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 1 W. N. W. 2 W. by N. 2 W. by N. 6 3 W. N. \V. 3 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 1 W. N. W. 3 N. W. 2 N. N. W. 6 1 N. by W. 2 N. W. 2 N. \V. 2W. 2 W. Calm 7 1 8. W. 1 S. W. 1 S. W. Calm C.-.lm 1 S. W. 8 1 E. by S. 1 E. by S. 1 E. by S. 1 E. by S. Calm 1 E. Ijy S. 9 4N. E. 4N. E. 3 N. N. E. 4 N. N. E. 4 N. N. E. 4 N. N. E. 10 2 W. N. AV. 2W. 2W. 2W. 2 W. 2 W. 11 2 \V. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 2 \V. N. W. 12 2 W. by N. 2 W. by N. 1 W. by N. 2 W. by N. 2 W. by N. 2 W. by N. 13 4 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. 4 E. N. E. G E. N. E. G E. N. E. 7 E. N. E. 14 7 S. S. E. (i S. by E. 4 S. bv E. 3 S. E. by S. 4 S. E. 7 S. K. by S. 15 3 S. S. E. 3 S. E. by S. 2S. S."E. Calm Calm Calm 16 3 E. by S. 4 E. by S. 5 E. bv S. G E. 7 E. by S. 9 S. S. E. 17 6 E. by N. 3 E. by N. 4 E. by N. 3 E. by N. 3 E. by N. 2 E. by S. 18 3 S. S. W. 1 S. by W. 1 H. by W. Calm Calm 1 W. N. W. 19 4 W. by N. 3 W. by N. 2 W. by N. 1 W. by N. 2 E. S. E. 2 E. 8. E. 20 3 S. E. 5 S. E. E. S. E. 7 S. E. "by E. 7 S. by E. 7 S. by E. 21 3 S. E. by E. 2 S. E. by E. 2 N. by W. 5 E. by N. 5 N. E. by E. 4 N. E. by E. 22 9 W. by N. 8 W. by N. 8 \V. by N. 7W. G S. \V. by W. G H. W. by W. 23 2 S. W. 2 S. W. 2 S. W. by W. 2 S. W. by W. 2 S. W. by W. 3 W. by S. 24 1 W. Calm 1 W. by S. 1 E. by S. 1 E. by S. 1 E by S. 25 1 E. by S. Calm 1 W. by S. 1 W. by S. 2 W. by S. 3 N. 'V. by W. 2G 1 S. S. W. 2 S. S. W. 2 S. S. W. Calm Calm Calm 27 3 N. W. by W. 4 N. W. by W. 5 N. W. by W. 7 N. W. by W. S N. W. by W. 8 N. W. by W. 28 2 N. W. by W. 1 E. IE. Calm 1 N. E. by N. 1 N. E. by W. 29 2 N. W. by W. 2 N. W. by W. 2 N. W. by W. 4 N. W. by W. G N. W. by VV. 4 N. W. by W. 30 2 E. N. E. 2 E. by N. 1 E. by N. 2 E. by W. 3 E. l.y W. 3 E. by N. 31 4N. 4N. 5N. • Varialiou 92 3N. 4 E. N. E. G E. N. E. °W. V 11 'V^v V, -.J'l 44 RECORD AND nSCUSSION DiHECTION (TRUE) AND FoRCE OF THE WiND OBSERVED ON BOARD THE YACHT FoX. November, 1857.— Menn position ; Lut. 74^.8 N.; long. 09"^. 1 W. 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 U 12 13 14 IT) l(i 17 18 11) 'M 21 22 2:1 24 25 2ii 27 28 20 .■!0 2h. 4 E. bv N. 4 N. W. by W. 1 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. a N. W. :i W. N. W. 8 N. W. .■i \V. N. W. (i N. W. bv W. .'i \V. bv a. 1 N. E. by N. 7 N. \V. by W. Calm 4E. 2S. 7 E, S. E. 8 P. ('film 1 W. i\. W. 1 S. by W. 4 N. E. 9 N. E. by E. !) S. S. W. 3 S. W. 2 S. S. E. 7 W. (i N. W. .'■) W. N. W. .') W. 3 W. by N. 4li. 4 E. bv N. 3 N. W. by W. 3 E. N. E. :> E. N. E. 3 N. W. 3 W. N. W. i) N. W. 4 W. N. W. ."i N. W. l>y W. r. W. H. W. 2 N. E. bv N. 7 N. W. iiy W. 2 W. 4 E. 2 S. 7 E. S. E. 8 S. Calm 1 W. N. W. 1 H. by W. ."i N. E. y N. E. by E. 9 S. S. W. 2 S. \V. 4 S. S. E. I! W. N. W, (! N. \V. tl W. N. W. (i W. 2 W. by N. ci>. '• E. by N. 8h. .'. E. by N. Calm Calm 2 N. N. E. 1 y. W. by S. 4 !•; N U. 2 E. N. E. 3 N. W. 2 N. \V. a \V. N. W. :i w. N. w. n N. w. 1) N. W. 4 W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. .-i N. W. byW. r. N. W. by W. 3 S. W. by W. 2 S. S. E. 1 W. 2 \V. 9. W. ■') W. N. W. 4 W. N. W. 2\V. Calm (i E. 7 E. a. E. 4S. .'■. S. .-i E. S. E. 2 E. S. E. 9 W. S. W. 9 W. S. W. Calm 1 W. Calm 1 W. N. W. 1 S. by W. 1 S. bv W. 3 N. E. 2 N. E. 9 N. E. by E. 9 N. E. by E. 8 S. S. W. 7 S. S. W. 1 s. w. 1 S. W. !, N. E. by E. 5 N. E. bv E. 5 W. N. W. 4 W. N. \V. 6 N. W. tl N. W. () W. N. W. 5 W. N. W. fiW. 7 W. 2 W. by N. 2 N. W. 101'. 4 E. by N. Calm 2 S. W. by a. 3 E. by 8. 1 N. N. W. 2 W. N. W. .-• N. W. 2 W. N. W. 3 N. W. 1 vW. 3 S. by \V. 2 N. W. 3 W. 2 W. by N. 7 E. S. E. (i E. by N. 1 E. S. E. .' S. S. E. 1 W. N. \V. 1 W. N. W. 1 S. by W. 2 S. E. by E. 9 N. E. by E. s. s. w. 1 s. w. 1 S. E. 3 W. N. W. G N. W. .') W. H. W. 7 N. W. 1 N. W. Noon. 1 E. by N. 1 E. H. E. 3 S. W. by S. 3 E. bv .S. 1 N. N. \V. 3 W. N. \V. 4 N. W. 4 W. N. W. 4 N. W. by W. 3 S. bv W. 2 N. W. 3 W. 2 W. bv N. 7 E. S. E. fi E. by N. 1 E. S. E. 8 S. S. E. 3 W. N. W. 2 W. N. \V. 1 S. by W. 4E. 9 N. E. by E. 4 S. S. \V. Calm 1 S. E. 4 W. N. W. .') N. W. 5 \V. by N. (i N. W. 1 N. W. I 3 4 15 ti 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 2,5 26 27 28 29 30 21.. by N. W. by W. 1 E. N. E, 1 E. H. E. 3 S. \V. 3E. 2N. W. 3 N. W. 2 N. W, 4 W. N. 3 N. W. 2 ,S. S. W 2 N. W. 3 W. 1 S. W. 7 E. S. E. 6 E. by N. 1 S. W. by S. 8 S. S. E. 3 W. N. W. 2 W. bv N. Calm" 3 S. E. 9 S. E. by S. 4 S. by W. Calm 3 N. W. by W 7 W. by N. 5 W. by N. 5 W. by N. 6 N. W. 1 N. W. 4h. 6h. 1 E. N. E. 1 E. S. E. 2 H. W. 3E. 1 N. W. 3 N. W. 2 N. W. by N. \V. N. W. 5 W. 2 S. S. W. 3 N. W. 3 W. by N. 1 S. W. 5 K. S. E. ."i E. by N. 1 S. W. by S. 8 S. S. E. 2 W. N. W. 2 W. by N. Calm fi S. E. by E. 9 S. S. E. 4 S. bv W. Calm 3 N. W. by W. 7 W. by N. 4 W. by N. 4 \Y. bv N. 6 N. W". 1 N. W. 2 E. N. E. 1 E. H. E. 2 S. W. 2E. 1 N. W. 6 N. W. ! 3 N. W. by N. 4 W. N. W. I 7 W. ! 2 S. S. W. i 4 N. W. .') \V. by N. I 2 S. S. E. I .') E. S. E. I 4 N. E. bv E. ! 1 S. W. by S. I f) H. S. E. 2 W. N. W. 1 W. by N. 1 N. E. 6 N. E. by E. 9 S. S. E. 4 6. W. by S. Calm 5 N. W. by W. 7 W. by N. .1 W. by N. 4 W. by N. 6 W. by N. 1 N. W. 81i. 2 N. W. 1 E. S. E. 1 S. W. 1 E. Calm 7 N. W. 2 N. W. by N. .3 W. N. W. 7\V. 1 S. 5 N. W. 5 W. by N. 3 S. S. E. 6 E. S. E. .5 N. E. by E. 3 S. W. by S. r> s. s. E. 2 W. N. W. Calm 1 N. E. 7 N. E. by E. 9 S. S. E. 3 S. \V. by S. 2 S fi s! W. by W. 6 W. by N. fi \V. by N. 4 W. bv N. 5 W. b> iN. 1 N. W. lOh. 2 N. W. 2 E. S. E. 2 N. W. by W, 1 E. Calm 7 N. W. 4 N. W. 2 W. N. W. 7 W. 1 N. E. 7 N. W. 4 W. by N. 2 E. bv N. 1 E. S." K. 3 N. E. by E. 4 S. W. by S. 2 S. S. E. 2 W. N. W. Calm 1 N. E. 8 N. E. by E. 9 S. S. E. 4 S. W. by S. 3 S. « W. S. W. 6 W. by N. h W. by N. .5 W. bv N. 2 W. b> N. 1 N. W. Midn't. 4 N. W. Calm 2 N. W. by W. 1 N. W. 3 N. W. by W. 8 N. W. 4 N. W. 1 W. N. W. 6 W. 1 N. E. 7 N. W. 1 W. by N. 2 E. bv W. 1 E. S." E. 4 N. E. by E. S. W. by S. 1 .'^. ,S. E. 2 W. N. VV. Calm 1 N. E. 8 N. E. by E. 9 a. S. E. 3 S. W. by S. 2 S. S. E. (i W. by S. 6 W. bv N. .'•. W. h'y N. 4 W. by N. 1 W. bv N. 1 N. W". OF THE DIUFCTION AXP FOKCE OF THE WIND. 45 DiKKCTlllN (TRLE) AM) FlIltCK (IF TlIK WlM) OllrtKUVKI) (IN IIOAIID THE YACHT FoX. December, 1857,— Mean position: Lat. 74.3 N, ; long. C7°.4 W. DATK, 2h. 4h. 01'. 81i. 1 lOli. Noon. Varlallnu. 1 1 N. W. by W 1 N.W. byW. 2N.W. byW. 1 N. AV. byW. 1 N.AA'. byAV 1 N.AV. byAV 2 1 N. W. 1 N. W. 1 N. W. 1 N. AV. 1 1 N. AV. 1 N. AV. 3 1 N. \V. hv N. 1 N. W. by N. 2 N. \V. by N. 1 N. AV. by N. ! 1 N. AV. by N. 2 AV. 8. AV. 4 3 S. l.y W. 3 S. by W. 2 S. by W. 2 S. by AV. ! 3 H. by \V. 3 S. by AV. S 2 S.liy K. 2 S. bv E. 4 W. by N. 4 AV. bv N. .') \V. bv N. G \V. by X. 6 7 N. W. by W 8 N. W. by W. K N. W. by W. 7 N. \V. by AV. 3 y. ,s. E. 3 8. 8. E. 7 5 S. 8. E. 5 S. S. K. . 3 S. S. W. 1 W. S. AV. 1 S. S. \V. 1 8. 8. E. 8 3 N. K. 2 N. E. i Calm Calm 1 N. \V. 1 X. W. 3N. W. bvW 1 N. W. byW. 1 N. W.byW. 1 S. S. E. 1 S, E. 1 8. !■:. 10 1 N. W. 1 N. W. 1 N. W. 1 N. AV. 2 N. .V. E. 2 X. .\. E. 11 1 N. W, by N. ! 1 N. W. by N. 1 N. W. by N. 1 N. AV. by N. 2 X. AV. by N. 2 X. \V. by N. 12 () N. K. by K. fi N. N. '. . S N. W. bv N. 8 N. AV. by N. 8 N. AV. 9 X. \V. 13 7 W. N. W. 7 W. N. W. 7 N. W. liy N. 1 7 .\ AV. by N. 7 N. W. bvAV. 7 X. \V. by AV. 14 3 N. AV. 2 N. W. 2 W. S. W. 1 \V. S. AV. 1 W. 8. W. 1 8. \V. 15 C.ilm Calm Calm Calm ' Calm 1 W. 8. AV. 16 IW. 1 W. [1 N. E. 1 AV. N. AV. 1 AV. N. AV. 1 AV. X. \V. 17 2N. E. 2 N. E. 1 2 N. 3 N. N. AV. 2 N. AV. 2 N. AV. 18 3W. 4 W. 3 W. 3 AV. 2 W. 1 AV. 19 Calm 2 S. '2 3. 2S. 1 4 \V. N. AV. 4 AV. N. AV. 20 3 N. E. ! 4 E. by N. 1 5 W. S. W. 4 S. bv AV. 4 S. bv E. 1 S. by E. 21 4 S. W. 5 N. W. (i N. W. 7 N. AV. 7 AV. N-. AV. G \V. X. AV. 22 1 S. W. 2 H. by E. i 4 K. by E. 5 S. by E. 4 S. by E. : 4 8. by E. !I2" \V. 23 5 S. S. E. 5 S. S. E. 5 S. S. E. 4 S. S. K. 4 S. S. E. 4 8. 8. E. (about) 24 1 S. E. 1 S. E. ! 1 N. E. 1 N. N. E. 1 X. i\. E. 1 X. X. AV. 25 3 N. N. E. 3 N. N. E. 4 N. N. E. .-, N'. by E. 4 X. by E. 4 X. by E. 1 2G 2 N. by E. 1 2 N. by K. : 2 N. bv E. 2 X. bv AV. 1 N. by AV. 1 X. liy AV. 27 4 i\. by W. r, N. bv W. 4 N. W. G N. AV. G X. AV. C, X. AV. 28 4 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 5 N. bv AV. 4 N. by AV. 2 X. AV. by N. 29 G S. E. by S. 7 S. E. by S. 17 8. E. by S. G S. E." fi 8. by E. :, 8. by E. 30 3 S. by W. 1 2 S. by W. \ 1 W. by N. 1 AV. by N. 2 N. E. 2 N. E. orAv. 31 3 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 1 1 W. N. W. 2S. W. byAV. 2 AV. by S. 2 AV. by S. (about) DATS. 2h. 4U. 6h- 8li. lou. Midn't. 1 1 N. W. by \V. 1 N. W. by W. 1 N. AV. byAV. ] N.AV. byAV. 1 N. AV. by AV. 1 N.AV. byAV 2 1 N. W. by N. 1 N. W. by N. 1 N. AV. by N. 1 N. AV. by N. 1 N. AV. by N. 1 N. AV. by X 3 3 W. S. W. 3 W. S. W. ■2 S. AV. by S. 2 S. AV. by S. 1 S, AV. by a. 2 S. AV. by 8. 4 3S. 2S. 4S. 2S. 3S. 3 8. 5 6 W. by N. G W. by N. 7 AV. by N. 8 AV. by N. 8 iX. AV. 8 X. AV. 6 3 S. E. 4 s. ]•:. 3 S. E. 2 N. E. by N. 2 H'ly 4 E. 8. E. 7 5 S. S. E. 5 S. S. E. 4 E. S. E. 1 E. S. E. 1 E. S. E. 1 X. E. 8 1 N. W. 1 N. AV. 1 N. AV. 1 N. AV. 1 N. AV. 3 X. W. 9 1 s. v.. 1 9. E. 1 S. E. 1 S. E. 1 N. AV. 1 N. AV. 10 1 N. N. W. 1 N. N. AV. 2 N. E. 2 N. E. 1 N. E. 1 N. E. 11 2 N. N. W. 3N. 3N. 3N. 3N. 4 X. X. E. 12 9 W. N. \V. 9 AV. N. AV. 9 \V. N. AV. 9 AV. N. AV. 8 AV. N. AV. 6 AV. X. AV. 13 SN.W.byW. G N. AV. by AV. 4N. AV. byAV. 4 N. AV. by AV. 4 N. AV. by AV. 2 N. AV. by AV. 14 1 S. W. 1 S. AV. Calm Calm Calm Calm 15 1 W. S. W. 1 \V. S. AV. 1 AV. S. AV. 1 AV. S. AV. 1 AV. 8. AV. 1 AV. 8. AV. 1() IW. 1 AV. 3 N. 3 N. I-;. 1 N. E. 1 X. E. 17 1 W. by N. 1 AV. by N. 3 AV. bv N. 3 AV. by N. 2 AV. by N. 2 AV. 18 1 N. W. 1 N. AV. ] N. AV". 1 N. AV. 1 AV. by S. 1 AV. by S. 19 2W. Calm 1 N. E. 1 N. E. 1 N. E. 3 N. E. 20 3 W. S. W. 3 \V. S. AV. 2 AV. S. AV. 2 AV. H. AV. Calm Calm 21 4 W. N. W. 4 AV. N. AV. 4 AV. N. AV. I AV. .\. AV. 1 S. \V. 1 S. AV. 22 4 S. S. E. 4 S. H. E. G 8. S. E. r. s. s. E. 5 S. 8. E. 5 S. S. E. 23 4 S. by !•:. 4 S. by E. 3 S. by U. 3 S. by E. 2 8. by K. 1 8. by E. 24 1 N. by J:. 1 N. by E. 2N. 1 N. 1 X. 1 X. 26 3 N. bv E. 3 N. by E. 3 N. by E. 3 N. bv E. 4 N. by E. 4 X. by E. 26 1 N. by W. 1 N. by AV. 2 .N. by AV. I .\. b> AV. 2X. 3 X. by AV. 27 6 N. W. by N. G N. AV. by N. 7 N. N. AV. 7 N. iN. AV. 7 X. X. AV. S X. X. AV. 28* 4 N. i\. W. 5 i\. N. AV. G N. i\. AV- 4 i\. r> 8. !•:. bv s. G 8. E. by 8. 29 4S. 3S. 3 8. 3S. i 3 S. bv AV. 3 8. by AV. 30 2 N. W. 2 N. AV. 2 W. by .N 3 AV. by N. 3 AV. i.v N. 3 W. 31 2 W. by S. 2 W. N. \V. 2 AV. N. AV. 1 W. N. AV. 1 \V. X. AV. 1 W. N. AV. * At 81i. 45m. wind veered from N. by E. to S. E. by S. si ■A- -I "Mi 46 UKCORD AND DISCUSSION Direction (tiiue) and Forof. of the Wind oukeiived on hoard the yacht Fox. January, 1858.— Mean positiju: Lat. la'^.a N.; long. 63C'.7 ^\r. 1 2 3 4 S (J 7 8 !) 10 11 i:i 14 15 10 17 18 1!) 20 21 22 23 24 25 2a 27 28 21) 30 31 2h. 2 W. ly N. 3 \V. liy N. 4 N. N. W. 3 H. by W. 5 H. by ].;. 5 N. l,v W. 8 N. \V. 7 N. W. 7 W. 4 N. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 1 8. by K. 4 N. N. W. 2 S. 8. \V. 4 N. K. 5 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 2 W. by S. 1 N. by E. 4 K. S. K. 7 N. N. W. 1 N. by W. 8 N. N. W. Calm 4 N. by W. 3 W. N. W. 6 W. 1 S. K. by S. 1 S. S. E. 1 E. 1 S. E. 4h. 1 W. by N. 4 W. by N. 4 N. N. VV. 3 S. by W. 5 H. S. E. 4 N. by W. H N. W. 7 N. W. (i W. 4 N. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 1 H. by K. 4 N. N. W. 1 S. 8. W. 5 N. E. 5 N. N. AV. 4 N. N. W. 2 W. by S. 2 N. by E. fi !•:. 8. E. 5 N. N. W. 1 N. by W. 9 N. N. W. Calm 4 N. by AV. 3 W. N. W. 7 \V. 1 8. E. by H. Calm 1 E. 2 8. H. 1 2 3 4 5 e 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 1« 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 21.. 1 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. n N. N. W. 2 S. S. AV. 1 8. by \V. 5 N. AV. 7 N. AV. 5 AV. 4 AV. N. AV. 3 N. N. AV. 1 .S. 1 N. E. by N. 4 N. AV. 2 V 2 n". E. by N. (i N. N. AV. 5 N. AV. 1 N. N. AV. 1 N. N. E. 1 E. N. E. 5 N. AV. 1 N. N. AV. 4 AV. by N. 1 N. by AV. 1 N. N. E. 6 AV. by N. 3 S. by E. 2 S. E. by S. 1 K. by S. 1 E. 8. E. 5 N. by \V. 4li. 611. 1 N. AV. 4 AV. by N. 4 N. N. AV. 2 8. by E. « 8. by AV. 4 N. by AV. 7 i\. AV. 7 N. AV. 5 AV. N. AV. tj N. N. AV. ('aim Calm C N. N. AA'. 1 8. 8. E. 5 N. K. (i N. N. AV. 4 N. N. AV. 1 AV. 2 N. by E. 2E. 8 N. N. AV. 1 N. by E. 9 AV. N. AV. 1 8. AV. 2 E. N. E. 4 AV. by N. <; AV. 1 8. E. bv S. 1 AV. 8. AV. 2 K. by S. 1 E. N. E. 8li. 1 N. AV. 4 AV. by M. 4 .\. N. W. 2 8. bv K. 4 S. by AV. 6 N. N. AV. 7 N. AV. « N. AV. 4 AV. N. AV. 6 N. N. AV. ('aim Calm fi N. N. \V. 2 H. S. E, 3 .\. E. bv N. (i .V. N. \V. 4 iN. N. \V. Calm K. X. E. E. N. N. AV. N. by E. AV. i\. AV. 1 8. AV. 2 N. N. E. ti AV. 4 AV. by S. 1 S. E. by 8. 1 8. 8. E. 2 E. by S. 1 E. N. E. lOh. Cii. 1 AV. N. AV. 1 AV. N. AV. N. AV. 2 H. AV. 2 N'. by E. 6 N. AV. 7 N. AV. 5 AV. 4 AV. N. AV. 4 AV. N. AV. 1 8. 1 N. N. E. 4 AV. by S. 3 E. 3 N. E. by N (i N. AV. by N. 5 X. AV. i 1 -V. N. AV. 2 N. E. by E. ' 1 !•:, N. E. I 5 i\. AV. ! 2 N. N. AV. 2 AV. bv N. I 1 N. by E. 1 N. N. E. I () AV. by N. 3 S. by E. 2 S. 8. E. 1 K. by S. 1 E. 8. E. 5 N. by AV. 2 AV. N. AV. 2 N. by E. 3 N. AV. 1 8. by AV. 4 N. by E. N. AV. G N. AV. (i AV. 4 N. AV. by N. 4 AV. N. AV. 1 S. 1 N. by E. 4 S. S. AV. 3 K. 3 N. E. by E. 8 N. AV. by N. (i AV. 1 N. by E. 3 E. by N. 2 i\. N. E. 5 \V. by N. 2 N. N. AV. 2 AV. by N. 3 N. by E. 1 N. 5 AV. by N. 3 8. S. E. 2 8. 8. E. 1 K by 8. 1 E. 8. E. 7 N. by AV. 81.. 4 N. AV. 2 N. N. AA'. 3 N. AV. 1 8. by AV. 3 N. by E. I! N. AV. (! N. AV. n \V. 6 N. N. AV. 4 AV. N. AV. 1 R. by E. 1 N. bv E. 4 8. S.'AV. 4 !■;. 3 N. by AV. 4 AV. N. AV. 5 AV. 1 N. by E. 4 E. 3 N. N. K. 4 N. AV. by N. 4 i\. N. AV. 1 AV. by N. 3 N. AV. 3 N. (1 AV. 2 8. S. E. 1 8. 8. E. 2 E. by S. 1 8. E. 7 N. by AV. 1 AV. N. AV. 4 AV. N'. AV. .') N. N, VV. 1 8. by W. 2 S. by AV. « iN. N. AV. 7 N. AV. 5 AV. by \. 3 AV. N, W. 5 N. N. AV. 1 8. S. AV. ('aim 3iN. 'V, 2 8. 3 N. i:. by N. (1 N. N. AV. 3 N. AV. 1 AV. 1 N. N. AV. 2 E. by N. 7 N. \V. 1 N. N. E. t! AV. 1 8. AV. 1 N. N. E. I! AV. by N. 3 AV. 8. AV. 1 8. E. by S. 1 !•;. by S. 1 v.. 8. E. 3 N. by AV. Noon. 1 \V. N. AV. 3 AV. N. AV. « N. N. AV. 1 8. by AV. 1 a. by AV. i: \. N. AV. 7 N. AV. r. AV. by N. 5 W. N. AV. N. N. W. 1 8. S. AV. 1 8. E. 3 N. AV. 2 H S. E. 3 ,N. K. by N. fi N. \V. 4 N. AV. 1 N. N. AV. 1 N. E. by E. 2 E. N. E. 5 N. AV. 1 N. N. E. (5 AV. 1 N. N. E. 1 N. N. E. (i AV. by N. 3 8. AV. by AV, 1 8. E. by S. 1 !•;. by N. 1 li. 8. E. 4 N. by AV. 10!>. 2 N. AV. 2 N. N. AV. 2 N. AV. 1 S. by AV. 2 N". by E. 7 N. AV. C N. AV. 5 AV. 4 N. N. AV. 4 \V. N. AV. 1 8. by E. 2 N. by AV. 3 S. 8. AV. 3 N. E. 5 N. by AV. 4 W. N. AV. 4AV. 1 >'. by E. 4 E. by 8. 5 N. 2 N. AV. by N. 5 N'. N. AV. 1 AV. S. AV. 3 N. AV. 3 N'. N. AV. (! AV. 2 8. S. E. 1 8. 8. E. 1 K. by S. 1 8. E. 7 N. Michi't. 2 N. AV. 3 M. N. AV. 2 8. bv AV. 18. :,.; AA'. 4 N. by E. 7 N. AV. G N. AV. 5 AV. 4 N. N. AV. 4 AV. N. AV. 1 8. by E. 2 N. by AV. 3 8. 8. AV. 4 N. E. 5 N. N. AV. 4 AV. by N. 2 AV. 1 N. by E. 4 E. 8. E. 7N. 1 N. AV. by N. (i N. N. AV. 1 AV. by N. 3 N. AV. 3 N. N. AV. 6 \V. 1 8. E. by S. 1 .?. 8. E. 1 K. by 8. 1 8. E. 7N. iV«rlalluu 91" W. (about) 90 89 89 88 8S 87 87 87 88 "M W OP TTIR DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND. 47 DlttECTIoN (TRUE) AND Force of the Wind ohhekved on doabd the yacht Fox. February, 1868 .—.Mean position: Lat. 1 1 . 5 N.J lon^, fiOO.O W. DJkTB, 2h. 4h. 6h. 8 N. N. \V. 8h. lot.. Noou. Varlatlua. 1 9 N. N. W. 9 N. N. W. 6 N. N. W. B N. N. W. 4 N. X. W. 86=" W, 2 4 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 N. \V. 4 N. \V. 4 N. W. 3 N. \V. 85 3 2 N. W. 2 N. W. 2 N. W. 2 N. W. 1 N. \V. 1 N. W. KT) 4 2 N. N. W. 2 N. N. W. 2 N. N. W. 2 N. .N. W. 2 N. by W. 2 N, by E. Calm 8h Cnlm C.ilm 1 N. 1 N. Calm 84 Calm Calm 1 N. by E. 1 N. N. W. 1 N. N. W. 1 .\. N iV'. 7 3 W. by N. 2 \V. by N. 2 N. .N. \V. 3 \V. 2 W. 1 '■.. 84 8 Calm Calm Calm Calm 2 N. by W. •: .V. 85 9 S ■ ■•», E. 3 N. N. E. 3 .V. I.y W. 1 3 N. by \V. 3 .\. by W. 4 N. by W. 8 .N. W, by N. 4 S. S. E. 85 lit 9 ,V. J. W. 9 N. N. W. 9 N. .N. \V. 9 N. N. \V. '^ .N. N. W. 85 1 1 >■:. i.y 7. 4 S. E. by H. 6 S. by E. fl H. H. E. fl S. S. E. :2 7N. W, '.vN. 8 N. \V. by N. 8 N. W. by N. 4 .\. W. by N. 3 W. by N. 2 W. by S. 3 N. by W. li N. by W. 4 .N. by W. 5 N. by W. 4N. 13 4 N. N. \' 4 N. by W. 2 N. by W. 1 3 N. by W. 3 N. by \V. 84 *4 7N. byV.. 7 N. by W. 7 N. by W. 7 N. by \V. 1! N. by W. 1<. 8 N. 8 N. 7N. li .\. by W. 5 N. by W. 83 la ; >;. :;; w. (i N. by W. 6 N. by W. C N. by V li N. by W. 17 N. by W. 9 N. by \V. 5 N. bv W. 3N. 4 N. 82 18 U N. N. W. 6 N. N. W. N. by W. « N. by W. N. by W. fl N. 19 8 N. W. 8 N. W . 8 N. W. 7 X. W. fl N. W. by N. 4 N. W. by N. 5 N. N. W. 82 20 1 S. \V. by S. 2 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 4 N. N. \V. 21 6 N. \V. by W. 6 N. W. by W. (i N.W. byW. 5 .\. W. by W. 4 N. \V. bv W. 3 N. W. by W. 1 N. E. bv N. 7 N. l>y W. 9 N. W. by N. 8 N. W. by \V. 22 1 S. W. 1 W. by H. Calm 1 N. W. by W. 1 N. by W. 23 7 N. N. E. 7 N. N. E. 7N. 7N. ' 7 N. by W. 81 24 7 N. by W. 7 N. \V. by N. 8 N. W. by N. 9 N'. \V. by N. 9 N. N. W. 25 10 N. W. by N. 10 N. W. by N. 10 \. W. byW. 9 y. W. bv W. 9 N. W. by W. 26 (; N. W. by W. .1 N. W. by W. :> .N. W. byW. 3 N. W. by \V. 1 W. N. W. 1 W. N. W. 27 3 S. by K. 2 S. by E. 2 a. by E. 2 S. by E. 2 S. by E. 2 S. by E. 4 S. S. E. 23 7 S. K. by S. 9 S. E. by 3. 9 S. E. by S. S S. E. by E. 5 S. S. E. 78 ab't DATS. 2h. 4h. 6h. 8h. 101.. Miilu't. 1 4 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 3 N. N. W. 3 N. N. W. 3 N. N. W. 2 4 N. W. 4 N. W. (i N. \V. 6 N. W. fl y. w. fl N. W. 3 1 S. W. 2 S. W. 2 8. W. 2 S. W. 1 s. w. 2 W. N. W. 4 2 N. by E. 2 N. by E. 1 N. by E. 1 N. by E. 1 X. by W. Calm 6 1 B. by E. 1 S. by E. 1 S. by E. 1 S. bv E. 1 S. by E. Calm fl 1 W. 2 W. 4 W. by N. 3 W. by N. 4 W. by N. 3 W. by N. Calm 7 1 W. 2 VV. 1 W. Calm Calm » 1 N. E. IN. E, 1 N. 2 N. N. E. 3 N. N. E. 3 N. N. E. 9 6 ^f. by W. 6 N. by W. li N. by W. 9 N. W. 9 N. N. \V. 9 N. N. \V. 10 ^ N. W. by N. 8 N. W. by N. 8 i\. W. by N. S N. N. W. 3 N. by W. 2 N. by E. 7 N. by W. 4 N. X. W. 11 ■J S. by E. 1 S. by E. Calm 4 N. by W. 5 N. by \V. 12 1 W. by S. 3 W. by S. 2 N. W. 2 N. W. 3 N. N. W. 13 3 N. by W. 3 N. by W. 3 N. by W. 4 N. by W. 6 N. by W. 6 X. by W. (i X. 14 7 N. by W. 6 N. by W. 6N. 11 N. 6 X. 15 4 N. by W. 4 N. by W. 5 N. by W. 5 N. by W. 6 N. by \V. 11 N. bv W. 16 6 N. by E. 6 N. by E. 5 N. by E. (i N. 5N. 7 X. N. \V. 17 4N. 5 N. by \V. 5 N. by W. fl N. by W. fl N. by W. 6 N. by E. 18 5 N. fl N. 6N. 6 N. 6 N. N. \U. 7 N. W. by W. 1 S. W. by S. 6 N. W. by W. Calm 19 2 N. W. by N. 2 W. N. W. 3 W. 4W. 3 S. W. by 3. 20 7 N. N. W. 7 N. N. W. 6 N. N. W. li N. W. by W. 6 M. W. by W. 21 3 N. W. by W. 2 W. N. W. 1 N. W. bv \V. Calm 1 (!alm 22 1 N. E. by N. 2 N. E. by N. 3 N. by W. 4 N. N. E. 1 B N. N. E. 7 N. X. E. 23 6 N. by W. 5 N. by W. 4 N. W. by N. 6 N. W. by N. li N. by W. 7 X. by W. 24 9 N. N. W. 9 N. W. by N. 9 N. W. by N. 10 N. N. W. 10 N. N. W. 10 N. N. \V. 26 7 N. W. by W. 6 N. W. by W. 7 N. W. by \V. 11 N. W. byW. 7 N. W. by W. 7 X. \V. by W. 26 Calm 1 S. H. by E. 1 S. E. by"E. 2 S. by W. j 2 S. by E. 3 S. by E. 6 S. E. by S. 1 N. E. by E. 27 2 E. S. E. 3 N. E. by E. 4 E. S. E. 4 S. bv W. 4 S. by E. 28 2 S. E. by S. 1 N. by W. 1 N. E. by N. 1 N. li, by E. 1 N. E. by E. • ■I > h4 48 RECORD AXD DISCUSSION Direction (tkue) and Force of the ^\'JND ouserved on board tue yacht Fox. March, 1858 — Mean position: Lat. C9=.4 X.; long. SQO.l W. DATE. 1 2 3 4 5 C, 7 8 10 11 12 13 14 15 It) 17 18 ID 20 21 22 23 24 'z:> 2(i 27 28 2!t 30 31 2li. 2 N. v.. by K. 7 S. by ]•;. 1 W. by N. 10 s. s. w. 1 s. 1 S. W. l.y W 1 N. \V. by JS'. 6 N. by W. 2N. 2 N. K. by N. 3 S. !•;. by E. 4 S. S. ]■:. 2 !■;. by S. 3 \V. 4 N. W. by X. 7 N. W. bv .\. 4 N. W. by W. 2 N. by \V. 6 N. 3 N. N. W. 2 >-. W. by N. 1 N. !•:. by ].;. 10 S. i;. by K. (! N. W. by N. 6 X. by W. 8 N. W. by X. 8 N. X. W. G X. X. \V. 4 X. X. W. 2 X. K. bv K. 7 X. by W. j 41,. 6li. 3 X. K. by E. 7 S. by E. 1 W. by N. n S. S. W. 3S. , 2 W. S. W. i 1 X. W. by X. I « N. by W. 2 X. X. E. I 4 X. E. by X. 3 S. E. by ]■;. fj S. S. E. i 5 S. by E. : 3 W. 4 X. W. by N. (i X. W. liy W. 4 X. W. by W. ! 2 X. bv W. 7 X. by W. ! 2 X. by E. 2 X. W. bv X. 1 N. !•:. by E. 10 S. E. by E. (i X. W. bv X. (i X. bv \V'. 8 X. W. by X. 8 X. X. W. i; X. X. w. ] 4 X. X. W. I 2 X. E. by E. 7 N. W. by X. 2 X. E. by E. « S. bv E. 1 S. W. by V/. 9 S. by W. 1 S. W. hy W. 4 X. W. „y X. 3 X. X. \V. 5 X. by W. 2 X. X. i;. S y. E. by S. (J S. E. by E. 2 E. by H. ■'■) S. S. E. 3 W. by X. 4 X. W. bv X. II X. W. byW. 4 X. X. W. 1 2 X. I,y W. (i X. W. by X. 1 X. E. by E. 1 X. 1 E. by S. 7 S. E. by ,S. (i X. !) X. by W. 8 X. X. W. 8 X. X. W. 6 X. X. W. 6 X. X. \V. 2 E. by N. « N. W. by N. all. 1 X. E. by E. 2 S. W. by S. 1 .S. W. 8 S. bv W. 1 S. W. by W. 3 X. W. 4 X. l,y W. 4 X. by W. 1 X. ]■:. by E. (i S. E. by S. 5 S. E. by E. 2 E. by S. 4 S. S. E. 4 W. X. W. 5 X. W. by X. 4 X. W. by W. 4 X. N. W. 2X. U X. W. by N. 1 E. H. E. 1 X. ]■;. by E. 1 S. E. by S. r, S. (! X. by E. 7X. 8 X. W. by N. 7 X. X. W. .'■) X. X. w. 4 X. X. W. 2E. 5 N. W. by X. W'- 2 X. E. by E. 2 S. bv W. 1 X. by W. 8 S. W. bv S. 1 S. W. hy W, 3 X. W. 4X. 4 X. by W. 1 E. S. E. fl E. S. E. 5 S. E. by E. 2 E. by S. 3 S. S. W. 3 W. X. W. 5 X. W. by X 4 X. W. by W. 3 X. X. W. 3X. 5 X. W. by X. 1 X. E. by E. 1 X. E. by E. 3 E. by a. 2 H. W. by W. (i X. by E. 8 X. 8 X. W. by N. 7 X. X. W. 4 X. X. W. 4 X. W. by N. 2 E. 5 X. X. W. Noon. 2 N. E. by E. 1 S. W. by S. 1 X. by W. 7 S. W. by S. 1 S. W. by W, 3 X. W. .5 X. 4 X. by W. 2 E. by S. 3 E. S. E. Ti H. E. by E. 2 S. by \V. 1 S. 3 N. W. by N. 7 X. W. by N. 3 W. by X. 4 X. N. W. 3 X. X. W. by X. 1 X. E. by E. 1 X. E. by E. 3 !•:. by S. 1 S. by VV. ti X. by E. 8 N. 8 X. W. by X. 7 X. X. W. 3 N. X. W. 4 X. W. bv N. 2S. E. bv E. 5 W. X. W. 78° W. 76 77 30' (about) (about) 74 (about) 41.. 61.. 81.. 1 2 E. bv X. 2 1 X. W. by W. 3 2 X. !•:. by X. 4 ."> S. W. r> 2 y. W. by W. 6 3 X. W. by X. 7 4X. f< 4 X. by W. !) 2 X. E. l.y E. 10 3 !•;. P. i;. 11 4 S. E. bv S. 12 2 S. l.y E. 13 2 S. 14 4 X. W. bv X. ir, 7 X. W. l.y X. ID 3 W. by X. 17 4 X. X. W. 18 4X. 1!) 4 X. W. by N. 20 1 X. !•:. by E. 21 1 X. E. by E. 22 r, E. S. E. 23 3 X. W. bvW. 24 6 X. by W. 2.5 8X. 26 8 X. W. by N. 27 7 X. X. W. 28 4 X. X. AV. 2!) 3 N. W. i ,X. 30 2 S. E. by E. 31 .I W. X. W. ' 4 E. by X. 1 X. W. byW 3 X. !•:. bv X. 2 S. W. by H. 4 S. \V. by W- 3 X. W. by X. 5 N. 4 X. by W. 2 X. X. E. 4 E. by X. 3 S. E. bv S. r> S. by E. 2 S. 3 X. W. bv X. 7 X. W. bv X. 2 W. l.y X. 3 X. X. W. * X. 4 X. W. by N. 1 X. by E. 1 S. E. by S. .'•. S. E. bv E. X. \V. by W. (i X. it X. 8 X. N. W- 7 X. X. AV 3 X. X. V, 2 N. W. by N. 2 X. X. E. f) W. by N. li E. by X. 3 X. W. l.y X. 4 X. ]■:. by X. 2 S. W. by S. 4 H. W. by W. 3 X. W. by X. 4X. 2 X. X. AV. 2 X. X. E. .') E. bv X. 3 S. I.;." by S. 3S. >/. byAV. 3S. 4 X. AA^ by X. 7 X. AV. by X. 3 X. AV. by X. by W. 4X. 4X. 3 X. 2 X. I X. I I E. 3\V, W. by N. X. E. E. by E. l.y S. by X. ■> X. bv AV. '.1 X. AV. by X. X. AV. X. AV . X. AV. AV. by N. s x 7 X 3 N, 2 '■ 5 vV. N. AV. ! (1 a. E. l.y S. '■ 4 X. AV. by X. 7 X. E. bv X. : 2 S. AV. by S. ' 3 S. AV. by AV 3 X. AV. by X. 4 X. by AV. 1 X. X. AV. 2 X. X. E. 2 !•:. l.y X. 4 S. E. by S. 3 S. AV. bv AV. 2 AV. by X. 3 X. AV. by X. 7 X. AV. by X. 3 X. AV. bv X. 3 X. by AV. 4X. 2 X. W. by N. 2 X. X. E. 1 E. by X. 7 E. bv a. 4 AV. by X. r> X. by AV. i) N. AV. by X. 8 X. X. AV. 7 X. X. AV. 4 X. X. AV. 2 X. t; X. by AV. 2 W. N. AV. lOii- «R. V E. 3 W . by ,S. 1) X E. by X. C: Im 1 AA . X AV. 2 X AV by X. ;< X ^y AV. !! N 2X X. E. 3 !•:. bv X. 4S. E. hyS. 2S. \V. 2AV • by X. 3 X. AV l.y X. 7X. AV by X. .-■. X. AV by AV. 3 X. by AV. 6 X. 2X. W. byN. 2X. X. E. Calm 8S. E. IV E. 4AV . X. AV. r> X. bv AV. UN. \V. by X. 8 X. N. AV. 7 X. X. AV. 4X. X. AV. 2X. 7N. byAV. 2 W X. AV. Midn't. « S. by E. 2 \V. by S. i» X. E. l.y E. 1 S. l.y E. 1 X. AV. by AV 1 X. AV. bv X. 6 X. by W. 3 X. 1 X. N. E. 2 E. 4 S. S. E. 2 S. S. AV. 2 AV. by X. 3 X. AV. by X. 7 X. AV. by AV. 4 X. AV. byAV. 3 X. l.y AV. 5 N. 2 X. AV. by N. 2 X. X. E. 1 E. 1) S. E. by E. 6 AV. X. \V. X. bv AV. 8 X. AV. bv N. 8 X. X. AV. (i X. N. AV. 4 N. X. AV. 2 X. E. bv N. (i X. by \V. 2 AV. by X. March 4tb. AViii.l shifted from X. E. by E. tlirough E. to S. a. AV. betwoon midnight a.. 1 1 A. OF THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND. 49 DlllECTION (true) and Force of the Wind observed on board the yacht Fox. April, 1858- -Mean position : Lat. 66° N ; long. 5t°.7 W. DATB. 2li. 4h. 6h. 8h. 101.. Noou. Varlatloii. 1 2 2 W. by N. 3 W. by N. 4 S. W. by W. 2 S. W. by W. 1 S. W. by \V. 1 S. VV. by VV. 74°VV.* 3 N. E. by N. 2 N. E. by N. 1 iN. E. by E. 1 N. N. E. 3 N. N. E. 3 N. N. E. 73 31' 3 (i N. 6 K. CN. 7N. 7 N. 8 N. 4 10 N. by W. 10 N. by W. 10 N. by W. 10 N. by W. 10 N. by W. 10 N. by \V. 6 10 N. by \V. 8 N. by W. 8 :, by W. 8 N. W. by N. 8 :N. W. by N. 8 N. VV. bv N. B 7 N. W. by W. 3 N. E. by N. 5 N. W. by \V. 2 N. E. by E. 5.,. \V. byW. 3N. 4 W. N. W. 3N. 3 W. by 8. 2N. 3 VV. by S. 4 N. 72 8 6 N. N. W. 6 N. N. W. 7 N. W. by W. 8 N. W. by N. 8 N. W. by N. 8 N. VV. by N. 9 2 N. N. W. 1 N. N. W. 1 N. N. W. 3 ?f. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 4 N. N. V\^. 70 01) 10 4 N. N. W. 4 N, N. W. 4 N. N. W. 3 N. N. W. 2 N. N. W. 2 N. N. VV. 11 3 N. 3N. 3N. 2N. 2 N. by E. 2 N. N. VV. 12 4 N. N. W. 5 N. N. W. 5 N. N. \V. 5N. 4N. ^ 4 N. 69 14 13 2 N. N. E. 2 N. N. E. 6 N. N. E. 6 N. N. E. 2 N. N. E. 2 N. N. E. 14 2 N. by E. 3N. E. 2 N. E. 2N. E. 4 N. E. 4 N. E. by E. 5 N. by VV. 8 N. by VV. 15 18 2 N. 7 N. by W. 3 N. 7 N. by W. 4N. 7 N. by W. 4 N. by E. 7 N. by W. 5 N. by W. 8 N. by VV. 69 17 18 9 N. by E. 9 N. by E. 7 N. E. 9 N. by E. 9 N. by E. 7 N. 9 N. by E. 9 N. by E. 8 N. 19 7N. .... 6N. .... (i N. 20 - - - - 5 N. N. W. .... 5 N. N. W. - - - . 5 N. VV. 64 21 .... 4 N. N. W. .... 5 N. N. W. .... 5 N. N. VV. 22t G N. N. W. .... 4 N. N. W. _ 3 N. N. VV. 23 24 - - - - 3 N. N. \V. .... 2 N. W. by W. .... 2 N. VV. 62 - - - - 2 E. N. K. .... 4 E. S. E. 5 E. S. E. 25 .... 4 H. S. W. .... Calm .... 3 N. N. VV. 2() .... 5 W. S. W. . . - . 6 S. by W. .... 6 S. by VV. 27 .... 5 W. S. W. .... 5 W. 5 VV. N. VV. 65 28 .... 5 vv. a. w. .... 5 S. S. E. _ . 4 S, B. E. 68 2!) .... 3 E. N. E. .... 1 E. S. E. .... Calm 30 2 E. N. E. .... 3 S. S. W. .... 3 E. N. E. DATE. 21.. 4h. 6li. 8h. lOh. Midn't. 1 2 W. by S. 2 W. by S. 2 W. by S. 1 W. by S. Calm 1 N. E. by N. 5 N. by E. 10 N. by W. 10 N. b"y VV. 2 3 N. N. E. 4 N. N. E. 3 N. N. E. 4 N. by E. 4 N. by E. 3 7 N. by W. 7 N. by W. 8 N. by W. 9 N. by W. 9 N. by VV. 4 10 N. by W. 10 N. by W. 10 N. by W. 10 N. by W. 10 N. by VV. 6 6 7 N. W. by N. 2 W. by S. 8 N. W. by N. Calm 7 N. W. by N. Calm (i N. W. by \V. Calm 7 N. VV. by VV. Calm C, N. VV. by VV. 1 N. E. by N. 7 4 N. 5 N. by W. 5 N. by W. 5 N. by W. 6 N. by VV. (i N. N. VV. 8 8 N. W. by N. 7 N. W. by N. 3 N. W. by N. 3 N. W. by N. 2 N. VV. by N. 2 N. VV. by N. 9 4 N. by W. 4 N. by VV. 4 N. by W. 4 N. by W. 4 N. N. W. 4 N. N. VV. 10 4 N. by W. 3 N. N. W. 3 N. 2 N. 3N. 3 N. 11 1 N. W. liy W. 1 N. W. by W. 1 N. W. by W. 3 W. N. W. 2N. W. 4 N. N. VV. 12 3 N. 2 N. 3N. 3 N. 2 N. by VV. 2 N. by VV. 13 2 N. N. E. 1 N. E. by N. 1 E. by N. 1 N. by E. 1 N. by E. 1 N. by E. 14 6 E. by N. 4 E. by N. 3 E. by N. 3 N. E. by E. 3 N. E. by E. 2 N. by VV. 15 18 5 N. by \V. 5 N. by W. 5 N. by W. 6 N. by W. (i N. by VV. 7 N. by VV. 9 N. 9N. 9 N. by E. 9 N. by E. 9 N. by E. 9 N. by E. 17 18 9 N. 9N. 8 N. 8 N. by E. 8 N. by E. 8N. 7 N. by E. 7 N. by E. 7N. 19 .... (i N. W. by N. .... 6 N. by E. .... 5 N. by E. 20 .... 5 N. W. .... 6 N. W. - - - . 5 N. VV. 21 .... 6 N, N. W. .... 7 N. N. W. .... G N. N. VV. 22 .... 3 N. W. by N. .... 2 N. N. W. .... 2 N. N. VV. 23 .... 2 N. W. .... 2 N. N. W. .... Calm 24 .... (J E. S. E. .... « E. S. E. . . (i E. S. E. 25 .... 4 N. W. .... 4 W. S. W. _ 4 VV. S. W. 26 .... 5 S. by W. .... 5 W. S. W. .... G VV. S. VV. 27 .... 3 \V. S. W. .... fl W. S. W. .... 11 VV. s. VV. 28 .... 2var. .... 3 W. .... 4 E. N. E. 2i) .... a E. N. E. .... 2 E. N. E. .... 2 E. N. E. 30 . — . 2 S. S. E. .... 1 4 S. by E. ti S. E. » A bont. 1 Ejcju'rimi fxnl a S. VV. oun ent. ■. r ■' +■=^1 Ivl •Alt V ■ ■i': i 50 RECORD AND DISCUSSION Direction (true) and Force of the Wind observed on hoard the yacut Fox. May, 1858.— Mean position: Lat. 68o.7 N. ; Long. 530.7 W. 1 2 3 4 S (i 7 8 9 1(1 U 12 13 1 15 ]() 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2tJ 27 2S 29 30 31 41.. 7S. 3 K. N. E. 2 K. N. E. 4 E. N. E. 8 S. by E. 6 N. N. W. 4N. 2 S. S. W. 3E'ly 2 to .'') E. N. E. « y. E. by E. 3 E. N. E. 6 N. 2S. 2 S. S. E. 3 N. N. W. 2E. 3 S. S. E. 5 S. S. E. Calms and Calm 5 E. N. E. Calm 1 SMy Calm 4 S, E. 3 S. S. E. 1 W. S. W. 3 E. N. E. 1 N. W. by W. 4 S. S. E. 8lu 2S. Calm 4 E. i\. E. (j S. S. E. 8 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 3N.E. 2E. 4N'ly 5 E. 5 S. E. 3 X. N. W. 5 ^■. E. by 1 Calm 2 E. N. E. 3 N. E. 2 K. S. E. 1 W. N. W. 2 S. S. E. light variable 3 E. >'. E. f) E. 5 K. .\. E. 6 S. S. E. 2 S. W. 4 S. E. 2 S. E. 3 S. E. 2 S, S. E. Calm 4 S. S, E. Noon. 4 S. S. E. 3 S. S. W. 4N. E. 8 .S. S. E. 9 N. W. by W 3 N. N. W. 3 N. E. UN. « 2 N. N. W. 6 !•;. by S. ij E. M. E. 4 S. S. E. 5 N, E. by N. 2 W. N. W. Calm - V. byN. 4 N. N. W. 1 W. N. VV. Calm winila 2 E. X. E. 5 E. 4 K. X. E. 3 S. S. E. Calm 2 E. S. E. Calm 4 Vaiiablo 1 S. S. E. Calm 5 S. 4h. 8l>. 4 S. S. W. 4 N. E. 3 i\. E. 8 S. S. E. 9 N. W. 4 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 2 Variable 7 E. « E'ly 4 S. S. E. 5 N. E. 2 N. by E. Calm 4 W. N. W. 2 W. S. W. 2 W. N. W. 3 W. S. W. 2 W. S. W. 4 ]■;. N. E. 2 W. S W. Calm 2 S. E. 2 S. a. E. 4 N. N. \V. Calm 1 E. H. E. 1 N. W. 2 S. S. W. 4 W. S. W. 4 E. N. E. 2 K. N. E. 8 S. 8. E. 8 N. W. 4 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 3 N. 2 E. S. E. 7 E. 5 E. S. E. 4 S. bv W. 3 N. E. Calm Calm 4 W. N. W. Calm 1 W. N. W. 3 W. S. W. 2 W. 3. W. 1 E. S. K 1 W. S. W. Calm 2 S. E. Calm Calm Calm Calm 3 S'ly 2 N. E. Mkln't. 4 W. S. W. 5 X. by E. 2 li. X. E. 8 S. by E. 5 N. W. 3 N. N. E. 4K. 3 N'ly 4 Vari.able (i K. S. E. 4 S. E. 4 S by W. Calm 2 S. by W. 1 W. S. W. 4 W. S. ^V. 4 E. N'. E. Calm Calm Calm 1 W. S. Calm 1 \V. S. Calm 2S. E. 1 N. N, W. Calm 1 E. N. E. 1 N. W. 2 81y Calm 70° W. 72 (about) W. . VV. 73 (ab't) 7'i 3:v 79 June, 1858.— Mean position: Lat. 740.6 N. ; Long. GO'^.l W. 4h. 8h- 1 1 .N. W. 2 2 E. N. E. 3 4 H. by E. 4 1 N. W. by N. .') 5 S. K. by S. (i 4 N'. N. E. 7 3 N". W. by N. 8 Calm 9 Calm 10 1 S. W. 11 1 S. E. 12 Calm 13 6 N. N. W. 14 3 N. W. 15 1 N'ly l(i 4 \V. N. W. 17 5 S. E. 18 1 E. by S. 19 2 N. W. by VV. 20 2 N. by E. 21 Calm 22 3 N, N. VV. 23 1 N. E. 24 3 N. E. 25 3 N. N. VV. 2« Calm 27 6 E'ly 2'.' 4 E. S. E. 29 I S. E. 30 i 5 E. bv S. 1 N VV. 2 N VV. (is. bv E. 3 N 4S. 3N VV. by N K. bv S. VV. hv N 1 S. E. li . 1 N. E. by E. Calm Calm 1 N 3 VV 5 N. 3.\. . by S. VV. by N. N. VV. 1 N' 4 N. \V. 4E. S. E. 1 N. E. 2N. VV. 2 N. VV. 2 N. VV. 3 >'. 4iN. VV. by i\. E. 4 K. 2N. N. VV. 2 N. by VV. 6 E'ly 2 s. !•;. 1 S. S. 3 H. by S. Noon. 4h. 8h. Midu't. Variation 2 S. S. VV. 1 N. N. VV. 1 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. 1 N. E. 1 N. E. Calm 2 S. VV. by S. (> H. by VV. 1 S. VV. by S. Calm 1 .\. VV. by N. 4 N. VV. by VV. Calia 7 S. E. by S. 7 8. 1;. by 8. 3 S. E. by S. Calm 4 X. 1 X. S3" VV. 3 S. VV. by S. 3 N. E. 2N. E. Calm Calm 2 S. E. by S. Calm Calm 84 3 N. VV. by N. 1 N. VV. by N. Calm 1 N. N. K. 85 Calm 1 S. E. ' Calm 1 S. 1 S. VV. Calm 1 S. VV. 1 8. VV. 1 S. E. Calm Calm 1 VV. 85 3VV. 2 N. by W. 4 N. by VV. 5 N. N. VV. (about) 4 N. by W. 4 N. by VV. 4 N. VV. by N. 4 N. VV. by N, 2 N. iV. VV. 1 .N. 1 N. by li. 2 N. by E. 3 N. VV. 4 VV. 4 VV. N. VV. 3 VV. N. VV. 4 N. VV. 3 VV. by .N. 2 H. VV. 2 8. li. 89 3 K. S. E. 2 S. E. 2 E. by 8. 1 li. by 8. 90 2 VV. N. VV. 2 Variable Calm Calm 90 (ab't) 3 N. VV. 3 N. VV. 2 VV. 8. VV. 2 8. VV. 93 4 VV. N. VV. 3 VV. N. VV. 1 i\. VV. 1 8. (about) 3 N. by VV. 4 VV. N. VV. 3 N. N. VV. 3 N. N. VV. 3 VV. N. VV. ) S. E. Calm 2 X. by li. 93 5 S. E. 3 !■;. 4 E. by N. 3 li. (about) 3 K. by N. 2 N. by E. 2 iN. by K. 2 .V. by E, 91 2 N. E. 2 E. by S. 2 li. N. E. 1 li. by S. 1 iN. N. \V. 3 N. VV. 3 N. VV. 2 N. E. 94 (i K. by S. 2 S. K. ! ft E. by S. 2 S. K. 6 li. by S. 1 8. li. ' 5 K. li. 2 8. K. j (about) 2 S. E. 3 E. by S. 5 E. bv 8. ;i li. by 8. ■ 3 S. ]•;. by E. 1 P. !•;. by E. 2 N. VV. by VV. 2 X. VV. by VV. i)ri OP THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OP THE WIND. 51 Direction (laui;) and Force op the Wind observed on board the yacht Fox. July, 1858.— Mean position: Lat, li^.i N.; long. 160.4 W. HATE. 41.. 8h- Neon. 41'. 8l.- 1 4 VV. S. VV. Mifln't. Varia- tion. RKMAHKR. 1 1 N.W.l.yVV Calm I ,S. E. 1 E. by S. B W. S. VV. g.B^ 2 4 .S. S. W. ; 3 \v. s. VV. (-'aim 2 S. E. 4 fe. E. 4 S. E'ly VV. a 1 S. K. 1 N. VV. 2 N. VV. Calm 1 VV. 1 S. VV. 9S (SlIlMllt) 4 Calm (.'.aim 2 N.W.byW 3N. 3 N. 2 N. E. a 4 N. E. Iiy N 4 E. N. E. .-> N. 4 S. E. by -■;. B N. E. 4 N. )•:. « 6 K. 6 E. by S. t! E. S. E. 6 N.E. byN. 4 N. K. bv E 3 N. by E. 100 7 4 N. by E. 4 N. N. VV. 3 Y. 3N. 4N. .-; N. N. VV. I 8 4 N.W.by W ' 4 N.W.byW ';; N.W.byW 3N.W.llv^V 4 N.W.byW 3 N. W. 1(12 9 3 N.W.byW 2N.VV.b -W 2 N.W.byW 4 N.VV.1j>W 4N.VV.byN 3 N.W.byW. 10 3 N. W. j4N.VV.byN ! 4 N. VV. 4 N. VV, 3 N.W.byW 3 N.W.byW. 11 3 N. N. W. 3 N. N. W. ;2N.W.byN 1 VV'ly 3 W'ly 2S.E. 103 12 1 w. s. w. 1 Calm , 1 S. E'ly !• N. E. N, i:. 7N. E. byN. 33 8 N. E. by E 8 N. E. by E. ; t- N. L. by N li S. W'ly 6 VV. S. VV. 4 E. N. E. At 2 1'. M. whul 14 1 N. N. E. 2 W. 2VV. 2W. 4 W. 4 S. VV. smldt'iily bt'ciiino 1.') Calm 1 S. VV. 2 E'ly i; E'ly S E. N. E. 4 S. E. by E. 10(1 liylil ami vari'Io. (.uiiout) 16 4 S. E. by K 2 S. S. E. 1 E'ly 1 VV'ly Calm 1 S. E. 105 17 Calm 1 K. 1 Variable- 2 N. E'ly 2 N. N. E. 2 N. N. E. 18 Calm 1 N. E'ly 2 E'ly 4 E'ly 2 E'ly 2 E'ly 100 AstrongOiiBtorly 19 2 E. by N. 2 E. by S. 2 E. by N. 5 3. E. by E. 1 S. E. by E. 1 S. E. by E. 99 ciirnMit ; t)u> uliip drifliug with il. 20 Calm 1 S'ly Calm 1 W. by N. 1 Calm Calm 21 1 S. W. 1 S. VV. 1 S. VV. 2S.VV. b/S. 3S. VV.byS. 5 VV. S. W. 113J 22 .-iS.W.byW 2 VV. by S. i 2 W. by N. 3 VV. 3 W. N. VV. 3 ^V. by S. Ui 23 3 W. S. W. ! 1 N. VV. 2 W. 1 VV. s. v/. 1 VV. S. W. 2 VV. S. VV. 24 .'5-3 W.H.W. 3 VV. ! 4 W. 1 S. VV. 1 S. S. VV. 1 S. 25 Calm Calm 1 Calm Calm Calm 3 S. S. E. 110? 28 2 S. S. E. 2 S. by W. 1 H. S. VV. l.S.W. byS. 2 S. E. by E. 2 S. E, by E. 101 A strong sot to 27 2 E. by S. Calm 2 N. by VV. Calm Calm 2 E. by N. 108 tilt' Hcjutliwiird. 28 1 f . E. by E. f:alra 1 VV. by S. 4 N. E. by N. 2 S. E. by E. 1 S. by E. 29 •3 N. E, by N. 1 N. E. by N. 2S. Calm 1 E. S. E. 1 E. S. E. 30 Calm 1 N. VV. 7 N. N. VV. n N. 1 N. E. by E. 6 VV. N. VV. 31 7fci.W.byW. 4VV. 4 VV. S. VV. 4 S. VV. fl H. VV. 5S. August, 1858.— Mean position: Lot. 1.3°. 1 N. ; long. 88'.5 W. UATE. 4Ii. 8h. Noon. 41.. 8Ii. Midn't. Varia. tion. BEMARKB. 1 3 W. 4 S. VV. BS.W.byVV. 6 S.W. byW. B W. by S. 3 W. by S. 108° 2 7 W. by S. 6 VV. X-s.' S. 6 VV. S. VV. B VV. hv S. 2 S. E. by S. Calm w. 3 1 N. E'ly Ci.hu Calm 1 E'ly ' 2 E'ly Calm 4 Calm Calm C.-ilm 2 S. E. 2 E. S. E. 1 E. S. E. T) Calm Calm 1 E'ly 1 K'ly Calm Calm 6 Calm Calm Calm Calm 1 S. E. by E. 2 S. E. by S. 7 3 S. E. by S. 4 S. E. by E. C S. E. by E. 7S.E.byS. 7 S. E. by E. ' 7 S. E. by E. 108 ; about) 8 10 E. S. E. 10 E. S. E. 10 E. S. E. 9E. 9 E. 8E. 110 A heary galo. 9 8E. 7E. 3E. 1 E. S. E. 1 E. S. E. 1 E. N. E. 10 1 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. Calm Calm 1 Variable 115 11 1 Variable 2 N. VV. Calm Calm Calm Calm 138 {Rboul) 12 Calm Calm 3 N'ly 4 N. E. 4E. 4S. E. 13 SE. 4E. 4 E. S. E. 2E. 2E. 2E. 14 3 N. N. E. 4N. B N. 1! N. N. VV. 5N. B N. 16 f) N. N. E. 6 N. N. E. 6 N. N. E. fi N'ly 6 N. N. VV. 6 N. N. W. 16 B N. N. W. 4 VV. N. VV. 4 VV. S. VV. 3 S. VV. 5 S. VV. 5 S. VV. 17 4 VV. S. W. ti VV. by N. G VV. by N. B VV. 4VV. 4 S. VV. 149 18 6 S. W. 4VV. 2VV. 2 S'ly 6 S. S. VV. 6 VV'ly 19 3 S. S. W. .1 VV. 6 VV. 2 VV. 4 VV. S. VV. 3 VV. S. W. 20 4W. 4 VV. S. VV. 3 VV. 6 N. N. VV. 7 N. W. 4W. 21 B N. W. 5 N. VV. (i VV. 6 VV. 5 VV. 4VV. 22 4W. S. W. . .V. S. VV. 1 3 S'ly 2 S. S. K. 3 S. S. E. 3 H. S. E. 23 Calm 2 S. VV. i) VV. 6 VV. ovv. 11 VV. 24 B W. B \V. 4 W. 2 N. E. C N. N. E. 7 N. N. E. 2.') 6 N. N. E. B N. N. VV. li N. N. VV. 4 N. N. VV. (I W. N. W. 6 VV. N. VV. 26 (! N. N. W. li N. N. VV. B N. N. VV. 6 N. W. i; W. N. VV (i VV. N. V. 27 1 Variable Calm i: VV. N. VV. 6 N. VV. 7 N. VV. 7 N. VV. 28 6 N. N. VV. V, N. W. B N. VV. 4 Variable 4 Variable 2 N. K. 29 3 E. S. E. 3 E. N. E. 3 N. K. 3 E. N. E. 2 K. N. K. 2 N'ly 30 4 N. E. 3 N. N. VV. 2S. 2S. 2 H. E. Calm 31 1 a. E. 2 y. E. 2 N. E. '.' N. VV. 3 VV. 3VV. ■1 ■■vt ^1 \ - r' 52 RECORD AND DISCUSSION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 H 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Hi 17 18 19 2(1 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 Direction (true) and Force of the Wind observed on board the yacpt Fox. September, 1858. — Mean position: Lot. 72° N.; long. 940.4 W. 4h. 1 2 N. W. 2 5 N. N. W 3 5 W. by S 4 f> W. liy S 5 7 W. 6 4 W. 7 3SMy 8 4 S. K. 5 S. W. 10 3 f^. W. 11 3 S. S. E. 12 3 N. K. 13 3 N. N. W. 14 2 N. E. 15 3 N. liy E. 16 5 N'ly 17 6 N. N. W. 18 3 N. N. E. 19 6 N. W. 20 4 N. N. W. 21 3 S. S. V 22 N. \V. 23 4 W. N. W. 24 N. W. 25 7 W. N. W. 26 5 W. S. W. 27* Cilm 28 3 fc. E. 29 6 S. W. 30 3N. 8b. 4 N. N. W. 6 W. N. W. 4 W. by S. 5 W. by S. 6 V. 4 W. S. W. 3S'ly 4 S. E. 5 \V. by S. 2 S. S. W. 3 K. H. E. 3 iN. E. Cnlm 2N. E. 4 N. by E. 5 N'ly 5 N. N. 4 N. N. 4 N. N. 4 N. N. 4 S. AV. (i W. by N. 3\V. II W. 6 W. 5 W. S. W. 3 S. W'ly 5 S. E. 5 S. W. 5 N. E. Noon. . W. , E. , W. , W. 2 S. W. 4 a. by W. 5 W. by S. 5 W. by S. 7 W. 3 S. W. 3H'ly 4 K. S. E. 5 W. 2 S. S. W. 4E. 4 N. E. ^S'ly 2 S. W'ly 3 N. N. E. 5 N. N. W. 5 N. N. W. 5 N. N. E. 4 W. 4 N. W. 4 S. S. W. .1 W. by N. 2W. .1 W. (! W. 5 W. S. W. 3 S. E'ly 5 S. S. E. 3 S. \V. 6N,E. 8h. 4 W. N. W. 5 W. N. W. 4 W. by S. 8 W. by N. 6 W. 4S'Iy 4 S. E. 4 S. S. E. 4 W. 1 N. W. 3 N. E. 4N. E. 1 W. ;i N, E. 6 N'ly 5 N. N. 4 N. N. 6 N. W. 5 S. W. a s. w. 5 N. \V. 7 W. S. W. 7 to 8 N. W. 1 W. 6 W. by S. 2 S. W. 5 E. S. E. 6 S. S. E. aN. 6N. E. Midn't. . W. E. 4 W. N. W. 4 W. N. W. 6 W. by S. 8 W. by N. 6 W. 4S'ly 4S. E. 4 W. by S. 3 W. 2 N. W. 3 N. E. 4N. E. Calm 3 N. by E. 6 N'ly 5 N. N. W. 4 N. N. E. 6 N. W. 5 9. W. 5 S. W. 6 N. W. 7 S. W. 7 N. W. 8 W. S. W. 6 W. by S. 2 S. W. 5S. E. S'!y 2 N'ly ON. E. Octobe r, 1858.— At winter quarters: Lat. 72° N. ; long. 940.2 W. 41'. 6 N. E. 7 N. E. by E. 7 N. E. 7 N. E. 4S'ly 2 S. 8. E. 3 H. S. W. Calm 2W. Calm 4 E. N. E. (i N. E. E. N. W. w. 8I1. w. w. 3N. 7W 2N. 4N. 9 W. N. 8 N. W. 2 N. N. E. 4 N. W. 5 N. by E. r> N. W. 2 N. W. 1 N. K. 3 S. W. 10 N. N. W. 10 N. W. Calm Calm 7 N. W. 7 N. V7. 5 N. E. 7 N. E. by E. 7 N. E. .') E. S. E. 3 S. E. 2 S. S. E. 3 S. W. Calm 2 W. i N. E. 3 N. E. 7 N. N. E. 2 N. E. by N. 6 W. N. W. 2 N. W. 5 N. W. 9 W. N. W. 7 N. W. 2 E. N. E. 2 S. S. E. I) N. W. 8 N. W. 2 S. E. by S. (1 S. r> N. E. 8 W. N. W. 10 N. W. 2 iN. W. 1 N. W. 7 N. W. 4 N. i\. W. Noon. .I N. E. 7 N. E. by E. 6 N. N. E. 6 E. N. K. 3 S. E. 1 S. S. E. 2 W. 2 W. N. W. 2 W. 5 E. 4 N. E. by N. 3 N. E. 2 N. E. W. N. W. 2 N. W. 5 N. W. 9 W. N. W. 7 W. N. W. 3 E. N. E. 3 K. N. E. 4 N. N. W. 4 N. W. 2 E. N, E. (I S. 7 N. K. 7 W. N. 8 N. W. 1 N. W. 1 N. W. 7 N. W. 4 N. N. W. 4ii. by N. , W. 6 N. 1;. 7 N. E. 7 N. E. (i N. E. by E. 2 S. S. E. 2S. 2 S. W. 1 W. 1 N. E. 7 N, E. 5 N. 2 N. 3 N. E. 5 W. N. W. 3 N. W. 6 N. W. 8 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 E. N. E. 3 N. N. E. 8 N. N. W. 3 W. N. \V. 2 E. N. E. 3 H. H. E- H N. E. by N. 8 N. W. 7 N. W. 1 N. E. 1 N. W. 5 N. W. 4 N. W. 8l>. W. « N. E. 7N. E. 8N. E. 5 N. E. 3 S. E. 4 S. \V. 2S. W. 1 V/. N. 1 N. E. 4 E. N. E. 5 N. E. by N. 2 N. E. 5 N, VV. (J N. W. 3 N. by W. 6 W. N. W. 9 N. W. 3 N. W. 5 E. N. E 2 N. E. 7 N. N. W. 3 N. W. 4 E. N. E. 1 S. S. E. 4 N. E. by N. 6 N. W. 7 N. W. 2 N. E. 4 N. W. 4 N. \V. 4 N. W. Midn't. 6N. E. 7 N. E. 8 N. E. 5 N. E. 2S. E. 6 S. W, Cilm 1 W. N. W. 1 E. by S. .5 E. N. E. 6 N. E. 1 N. E. 6 \V. 2 N. W. 4 N. N. E. 8 W. N. W. 5 N. W. 2 N. W. 5 E. N. E. 2 N. by W. 5 N. N. VV. 6 N. W. 1 N. E. 3 W. by N. 8 N. N. E. 1(1 N.W. 4 N. W. Calm C N. W. 7 N. W. 2 N. W. * Went into winter quarters, Port Kennedy. m OP TIIS DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND. 53 Direction (true) and Force op the Wind OBSERVED ON BOARD THE YACHT FoX. DATE. November, 1858.— At winter quarters. 2h. 4h. 61i. 8H. 101". Noon. 1 2N. W. 1 N.W. 1 W. N. W. Calm Calm Calm 2 Ciilm 2 N. W. 2 N. W. 3 N. W. 3 N. W. 3 N. W. 3 9 N. W. 9 N. W. 9 W. N. W. 9 W. N. W. 8 W. N. W. 7 W. N. W. 4 9 W. N. W. 9 W. N. \V. 9 W. N. W. 9 W. N. W. 9 W. N. W. 10 W. N. W. 5 i) N. W. 9 N. W. 7 N. W. N.W. 6 N. W. 7 N. W. G 5 N. W. 5 N. W. 7 N.W. li N. W. 1 N. W. 4 N. \^^i -H' -?'i^- S?, «•■*,) At J M 64 RECORD AND DISCUSSION DmecTiON (true) and Fouce of the Wind observed on board int yacto: lox. December, 1858.— At winlur quarU i-s. y 10 11 12 13 1-1 15 Id 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 as 2(i 27 28 29 30 31 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2fi 27 28 29 30 31 21.. Calm 8 N. W. 4 N. W. 8 N. W. 4 N. N. W. »> N. W. 'i N. W. 1 N. W. 3 N. v.. 5 N. W. S N. W. (,.'a)m 1 K. X. E. 5 1!. V. K. 6 >!. W. 8 :v. w. ••) N. \V. 2 X. li. 4 >.:. N. K. 5 E. ?;. ].;. 2 N. N. W. Calm 3 S. W. ..■.ilm 4 y. \V. 7 W. 3 X. ^V. 7 W. 2 N. W. Calm Calm 4h. 2ii. W. 2 N. VV. 5 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 N. W. 3 N. W. 5 N. W. 2 N. W. 3 N. K. 2 N. W. 7 N. W. Calm 2 N. K. 3 N. K. Calm 7 N.N. 5 N. W. 2 N. W. 3 K. N. E. 2 K. N. E. 6 E. N. K. 4 N. W. 2 3. W. Calm 4 N. IV. 3 W, by N. 7 "tV. 7 W rl. W. 4 W. Calm 3 N. W. 4 N. W, 1 N. W. 6 N. W. 5 N. W. 8 N. \V. 3 N. N. W. i- N. W. 6 \. W. 1 N. W. 2N. E. 5 N. W. fi N. W, 1 :s s. i K. X. K. !> K. n. ){. ■J X *v. 7 :. W. S ^1: 'tV. :i N. E. 4 K. N. E. 4 N. E. 4 N. W. 1 S. W. Calm 1 N. \V. 4 N. W. 8 W. 2 N. W. 4 W. Calm Calm 3 N. W. 41.. 4 N. W. 5 N. W. 6 N. W. 4N. W. 3 N.W. 6 N. W. Calm 4N. E. 3 N. W. 6 N. W. Calm 2 N. E. 4 E. N. E. Calm 5 N. N. \V. . N. v. vV. N. E. N. E. N. .^ W. ,y. h. 5 N, W. 3 W. S. Vf. 7 W. 7 W. S. W. 4 \V. Calm 2 N. W. 5 W. ; N. 4 ••;. 3 ,. 5 1 (• N 2S. 1 N. Gl.. 1 N. VV. 6 N. W. 5 X W. 8 N. W. 3 N. .\. W. 6 N. W. fi N. W. 2 N. W. Calm 4 N. W. 4 N. W. 2 "'' K I K, N." E. 3 K. N. E. 7 AV. N. W. 5 N. W. 4 N. W. 3 N. E. 4 E. N. E. 5 N. E. 5 N. W. 2 S. W. 1 S. W. 2 N. W. 3 N. W. 6 W. 4 N, W. 6 W. Calm Calm 4 N. W. ■ 81.. Gl.. 3 N. W. 5 N.W. 6 N. W. 3 N.W. 2 N. W. 7 N. W. Calm 3 N. E. 2 N. W. 6 N.W. Calm 2N. E. 4 E. N. E. Calm G N. N. W. 5 N. W. Calm 3 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. 4 E. N. E. 4 N. W. 1 S. W. 1 N. E. 4 N, W. 4 W. S. 7 W. 5 N. W. 4 W. Calm Calm G W. . W. 2 N, \r. 4 N. \V. 4 N. W. N. W. 3 N. W. 5 N. W. 3 N. W. 3 N. W. 2 N. VV. 2 N. W. 2 N. W. 2 N. E. Calm 2 N. E. 7 N. W. S N. W. 3 N. W. 4N. E. 4 E. N. E. li N. E. 5 N. W. 3S. E. Calm 4 N. W. 5 N. W. 4 W. N. W. 5 W. Calm Calm 4 N. W. 81.- 4 N. W. 4 N. W. 7 N. W. 3 N. W. 1 N.W. 7 N. W. Calm 4 N. E. 2 N. W. 4 N. W. Calm 4N. E. 3 E. N. E. 3 N. W. 1 N. W. 4 N. W. 1 E. N. E. Calm Calm 1 E. N. E. 2 N. W. 1 S. W. Calm 4 N. W. 4 W d. W. 7 N. W. 8 N. W. w. 1 N. E. Calm 5 W. lOh. 2 N. N. W. 4 N.W. 5 N. W. 7 N. \y. i 4 X. \V. 4 N. W. fc2:;. w. ^ 2 W. W. i 1 K. W. 3 X. W. 1 Variable 2 E. N. E. 2 N. K. Variable 5 N W. 6 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 E N. E. 3 E. ;\-. E. « E. N. E. 6 N, AV. 1 W. i.v S. Calm 3 N. W. 3 N. W. 4W. 5 N.W. 4AV. Calm 1 N. W. 3 N.W. lOh. 4 N.W. 2 N. W. 7 N. W. 4 N. W. 3 N. W. 6 N. W. Calm 4 N. E. 3 N. W. 6 N. W. Calm 2 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. G N. AV. bj W. 1 N. W. 5 N. AV 1 E. N. 1 E. N . 1 N.I ■ ^f ' ■ . -S. w. ■ ••'im ■t ^. w ■I AV. 7 .V. 3 W. Call Call -■ 4 N.W. Noon . 2 N.W. 4 N. AV. 6 N. AV. 4 N. AV. 3 N. AV. 4 N. AV. 2 N. •■-' 1 Van,' Do 1 N. AV. .. N. AV. Calm 3 E. N. E. 2 N. E. Variable 4 N. AV. 7 N. AV. 4 N. AV. 4 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 7 E. N. E. fi N. AV. 1 S. AV. Calm 4 N. AV. 3 W. by N. 5 N. AV. 7 AV. S. AV. 4W. Calm 1 N. N. W. 3 N. AV. Midn't. 5 N. W. Calm 7 N. AV. 4 N. N. AV. 3 N. AV. 6 N. AV. Calm 5 N. E. 3 N. AV. 5 N. AV. Calm 1 E. N. E. 4 E. N. E. « N. AV. by AV, 2 N. AV, 6 N. AV. 1 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. 2 N. E. ti N. N. AV. Calm 2 8. W. Calm 5 N. W. 7 AV. 8 N. AV. 8 W. 3 AV. Calm Calm 2N. AV. OF THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND. 55 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 IB 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2B 27 28 29 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2(i 27 28 29 30 31 DiUECTiON (tuue) and Force of the Wind observed on board the yacht Fox. January, 1859. — At winter quarters. 2b. 6 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 N. N. W. 3N. 4 N. W. 2 N. W. 4 i\. W. 6 >.'. W. Calm Calm 1 N. E. 4 K. N. E. 1 E. N. E. 3 W. N. W. 3 N. W. 6 N. W. 4 W. N. W. 6 i\. W. 3 N. E. 6 N. W. 1 N. E. 4 N. W. 5 N. W. 4 W. N. W. 8 N. W. 5 N. W. 1 N. W. 6 N. \V. 6 N. W. 1 N. \V. 2N.E. 2h. 4 N. W. (i N. E. 5 N. 7 N. \V. Calm 4 W. 4 N. \V. 4 N. W. 5 N. W. 1 i\. E. 4 N. E. 2 N. E. Calm 5 N. W. 6 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 W. N. 2 N. E. 4 N. W. 1 N. W. 2 N. W. 5 N. W. 3 N. W. 4 W. N. W, 5 N. W. 1 N. E. 3 N. W. 5 N. W. 4 N. W. 1 N. W. 2 N. E. W. 4h. 4 N. W. r! N. W. 4 N. 3N. 3 N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. W. (i N. W. Cilra 1 N. W. 2 N. E. 4 E. N. E. Calm 4 W. N. W. 4 i\. W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 3 N. W. Calra 7 N. W. Calm 4 N. W. 4 N. W. 5 W. N. W. 8 N. W. 4 .N. W. Calm G N. W. 5 N. W. 3 N. W. 2N. E. 4I1. 3 N. W. 5 N. 4N. 3 N. W. Calm « W. 5 N. W. 3 i\. W. 4 >;. W. Calm 4 N. E. 2 i\. E. Calm C N. W. 7 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 W. N. 3 N'. E. 5 N. W. Calm 3 N. W. 5 i\. W. 3 N. W. (i N. W. 5 N. W. 1 N. E. 3 iN. W. 4 N. W. 4 N. W. 2 N. W. 1 >-. K. w. 6h. . W. 5 N. \V. 4 N. \V. 4X 3N. 3 N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. \V. 8 N. W. Calm Calra 2 N. E. 4 E. N. E. 1 N. E. 2 W. N. ij N. W. 2 N. \V. 2 N. W. 3 N. W. Calm 7 N. W. 1 W. by N. N. W. 2 N. \V. (i W. N. W. 7 N. W. 3 N. W. Calm « N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. W. 1 N. K. 6I1. . W. 4N. 4i\. 4N. G N. W. 1 W. 5 W. 6 N. W. Calm 3 N. \V. Calm 4N. E. 3 N. E. Calm 4 N. W. 7 N. W . 3 N. W. 4 W. N. W. 3 i\, E. 4 N. W. Calm 3 W. N. 2 N. W. 3 N. W. 6 N. W. 5 N. W. 1 N. E. 5 N. W. G N. \V. 3 N. W. Calm ] N. K. .W. 8h. 5 N. W. 4 N. N. E. 4N. 4 N. W. 5 N. 4 N. W. 2N. W. 8 N. W. 2 N. W. and variable 3 N. E. 3 E. N. K 1 N. K. Calm 6 N. W. 2N. W. 4 N. W. Calm 1 N. W. 5 N. W. 2 N. W. 5 N. W. W. lOli. 2N. G W N. 2N. 1 N. «N. 4N. 3N. IN. W. 8I1. 4 N. W. 2N. 4N. 7 i\. W. Calm 4 W. 4 N. W. Colm 3 W. Calm 2M. E. 2 E. N. E. 3 W. N. W. 4 N. W. G N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. W. 3N. E. 3 N. W. 1 N. E. 4 W. N. W. 2 N. \V. 3 N. W. 9 N. W. 5 N. W. Calm 2 N. W. G N. W. 2 N. W. Calm Calm 1 N. W. 5 N. N. E. 5 N. 6 N. W. 5 N, 4 W. G N. W. 7 N. W. 3 N. W. air 3 ^'. K. 2 N. K. Calra 3N. W. 7 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 N. W. Calm 2 N. W. 3 N. W. 1 N. \V. 4 N. W. 2 N. W. 6 W. N. W. 5 N. W. 4 N. W. Calm 6 N. W. 2 N. W, 2N. W. IN. E. 101-- 6 N. W. 3N. 4N. ti N. W. 3 N. W. G W. 7 N. W. Calm 2 N. N. W. 2 N. E. 2 N. E. 2 E. N. E. 4 \V. N. W. 4 N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. W. .') N. W. 5 N. E. 1 N. W. Calra 4 N. W. 5 N. W. 2 N. \V. 8 N. W. 6 N. W. Calm 4 N. W. G N. W. 2 N. W. 2 N. E. Calm Noon. 3 N. W. 5 N. N. E. 5 N. 8 N. W. 4N. 4W. 3 N. W. 6 N. W. 4 N. W. 1 N. K. 4N. E. 1 Variable Calm 3 N. W. 7 N. W. 4 N. W. 5 W. N. W. 1 N. E. 1 N. W. 2 N. W. 1 N. W. 5 N. W. 1 N. W. 5 W. N. W. 4 N. W. 1 Variable Calm 4N. W. 6 N. W. 1 N. W. 1 N. E. :^i "f ti I Midn't. 5 N. \V. 3N. 4N. 4 N. W. 2 N. W. G W. 8N. W. Calra 3 N. W. 2 N. E. 2 N. E. : E. N. E. 3 W. N. \V. 2 N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. W. 7 N. W. 5 N. E. 3 N. W. 1 N. E. 6 N'. W. 4 N. W. 3 \V. N. W. 7 N. W. 6 N. W. Calm C N. W. 5 N. W. 1 N. \V. 3 N. E. Calm ilii 66 RECORD AND DISCUSSION 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 H !) 10 U 12 13 14 15 1(5 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2G 27 28 Direction (tkue) and Force of the Wind observed on board the yacht Fox. February, 1859.— At winter quarters. 2h. Calm 4 W. by N. 1 K. N. E. 1 N. K. 5 N. W. a N. W. 8 N. W. 2 N. W. 5 N. W. 1 N. E. e N. W. f) N. W. 4 W. N. W. 8 W. N. \V. 7 N. W. t) W. 2 N. W. 5 W. 2 W. Calm Calm 6 N. E. 3 iN. E. r .V. W. 6 N. W. 4 N. W. 2 W. 9 W. 4h. Calm ti W. N. W. 1 K. N. E. Calm 3 N. W. 4 N. W. (i N. W. Calm 4 N. W. Calm « N. W. 3 N. W. 3 W. N. W. 8 W. N. W. 7 N. W. n w. 1 N. W. 4\V. 6 W. Calm Calm fi N. E. 1 N. E. 3 N. W. 7 N. \V. 3 N. ',V. 3 W. 8\V. 61i. Calm (i W. N. W. 1 E. N. E. ('aim 2 N. W. e N. \V. f) N. W. Calm 3 N. W. Calm G N. W. 1 N. W. 2 W. N. W. « N. W. 7 N. W. 5 W. Calm 6 W. fi AV. 2N. E. Calm 5 N. E. Calm 3 N. W. 7 N. W. n N. w. 3 W. 8 W. gli. W. Calm 5 N. W. 1 E. N. E, 2 N. W. 1 N. W. 6 N. W. 2 N. W. 3 N. W. Calm Calm 7 N. W. 1 N. W. 4 W. N. 4 N. W. 5 W. N. W 5 W. 1 S. E. 6 W. 5 W. 2 i\. E. Calm 5 N. E. Calm 2 W. 7 N. W. 2 N. W. 4W. 5 N. W. 101'. Calm 1 N. W. 1 E. N. E. 5 N. W. 2 N. W. 6 N. W. 2 N. W. r. N. W. 1 W. N. W. Calm N. W. 1 W. 3 VV. N. W. 4 N. W. 9 W. N. VV. W. Calm fi \V. 5 W. 3 N. E. Calm r> N. E. 2W. 3 W. e \v. 2 N. W. 4W. 6 N. W. Noon. Calm 1 N. W. 1 E. N. E. 6 N. W. 2 N. W. 5 N. W. 3 N. W. .■j N. W. 1 W. N. W. 2 N. W. (i N. W. 3 W. 2 W. N. W, 4 N. W. 8 W. N. 4 W. Calm 1 W. 2\V. 4N. E. Calm 4 N. E. 1 W. 2 W. 4 W. 1 N. W. f) W. 7 N. \V. W. 1 Calm 2 1 N. W. 3 1 E. N. E. 4 C N. W. 5 2 N. W. 6 4 N. W. 7 4 W. N. W 8 7 N. W. 9 1 W. N. W 10 1 N. W. 11 4 N. W. 12 3 W. 13 2 W. N. W. 14 (i N. W. 15 5 W. N. W. 16 « W. 17 2 W. 18 2W. 19 2W. 20 3N. E. 21 Calm 22 4 N. E. 23 1 W. 24 2 W. 25 4 W. 2ti 1 N. W. 27 5 N. W. 28 7W. 4h. 1 S. 1 S. E. 1 E. N. E. 4 N. W. 1 N.W. 4 N. W. 7 W. N. W. 7 N. \V. Calm 2 N. W. (i N. W. « W. 2 W. N. W. 4 N. W. 5 W. N. 4\V. 2\V. 2W. 1 W. 2N. E. Calm 4N. E. 1 W. 2 W. 4 N. \V. 1 N.W. 5 N.W. 9 N. W. . W. 61'. 3 N. W. 1 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. 5 N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. W. 6 W. N. W. 6 N. W. 1 N.W. 2 N. W. 7 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 W. N. W. 4 N. W. 6 W. N. W. 4 N. W. 2 W. 2 W. Calm 2 N. E. 2 N. E. 4 N. E. 1 W. 3 W. 4 N. W. 1 N. W. 7 W. 8 N. W. 8l>. 3 N. W. 2N. E. 1 E. N. E. 2 N. W. 2 N.W. 2 N.W. 2 N. W. 5 N. W. Calm 1 N. W. 4 N. W. 6 W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 3 N. W. 6 W. N. W. 4 N. W. 4 W. 3 W. Calm 2N. E. 2N. E. 5 N. E. 1 W. 3 N. W. 4 N. W. 1 N.W. 5 W. BN.W. lOh. Mi.ln't. 3 W. by N. 2 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. 3 N. W. 3 N.W. 5 N. W. 1 N. W. 6 N. W. Calm 4 N. W. 7 N. W. 4 W. N. W. 3 W. N. W, 5 N. W. 4 W. S. W. 4 N. W. 5 W. 3 W. N. W. Calm Calm 5 IS. E. 5 N. E. Calm 3 N. W. 4 N. W. Calm .I W. 9 N. W. 5 W. by N. 2 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. 4 N. W. 4 N. W. 6 N. W. 1 N. W. 4 N. W. 1 N. E. 4 N.W. 7 N. W. 4 W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 6 N. W. 6 W. S. W. 4 N. W. 5 W. 2 W. Calm Calm 7N. E. 5 N. E. 1 N. W. 4 N. W. 4 N. W. Calm 7 W. 9 N. W. OP THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OP THE WIND. 57 DATE, 1 2 3 4 6 « 7 8 9 10 n 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2li 27 28 29 30 31 Direction (true) anp Foroe of the Wind observed on board the yacht Fox. March, 1859. — At winter quarters. 2h. 9 N. W. 2W. 2 N. E. 2 N. H. Calm Calm 3 N. K. 3 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. 1 N. E. 5 W. N. W. 9 W. N. W. 4 N. W. 4 N. W. Calm .') N. E. 3 N. W. VV. 3N. W. Calm Calm 1 N. W. 3N. E. Calm 1 N. W. 4 N. E. 2N. E. 2h. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 6 W. Calm 3 N. E. Calm Calm 1 N. E. 6 N. E. 2 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. Calm 8N. W. 7 N. W. G N. W. Calm 7N. E. 3 N. E. 6 N. W. 3 N. \V. 3 N. W. Calm Calm 1 N. E. 2 N. E. 2 N. W. 1 N. W. 3N. E. 1 N. E. 4h. 8N.W. 2\V. 2N. E. 1 N. E. Calm Calm 4 N. U. 3 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. 2 N. E. 7 W. N. W. 9 W. N. W. 5 N. VV. 2N. VVf. 2N. E. 4N. E. 5 N. VV. 4VV. 4N. W. Calm Calm Calm 4N.E. Calm Calm 3N. E. 2N. E. 1 N. E. Calm 2N. E. Calm 41.. 3 VV. Calm 2 N. E. Calm Calm 2 N. E. 5 N. E. 2 E. N. E. 2 N. VV. Calm 9 N. VV. 8 N. VV. 5 N. VV. Calm 5N. E. 2N. E. « N. VV. 3 N. VV. 2 N. VV. Calm Calm 2 N. E. 1 N. E. 2 N. VV. 1 N. E. 4N. E. 2 N. E. Calm 2 N. VV. 1 ti. E. Calm «!.. 7N. W. Calm 3N.E. 2X. £. Calm Calm 4 N. E. 3 E. N. R. 2 E. N. K. Calm 7 VV. N. VV. 9 W. N. VV. 5 N. VV. Calm 6 N. E. 3 N. E. 7 N. VV. 8 VV. 3 N. W. Calm Calm Calm 4N. E. Calm Calm 3 N. E. 4N. E. Cli. 3 VV. 2N.E. 1 N. E. Calm Calm 2 N. K. 4 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 4 N. VV. 1 N. E. 9 N. VV. 7 N. VV. 5 N. VV. Calm 4 N. E. 1 N. E. 6 N. VV. 5 N. VV. 1 N. VV. Calm Calm 2N. E. Calm 2 N. VV. 2 N. E. 2N. E. 1 N. E. 81.- 6 VV. Calm 4 N. E. 2 N. E. Calm Calm 4 N. K. 3E. N. 2 K. N. 2 N. E. 7 VV. N. 7 VV. N. 4 N. VV. Calm 5 N. E. 4 N. E. 7 N. VV. 5 N. VV. 3 N. VV. Calm Calm Calm 2 N E. C;\;m 1 w. \v. 3 N. E. 2 N. K. Calm Calm 1 N. E. Calm E. E. , VV. VV. 8>>. 2W. 3N. E. 1 N. E. Calm Calm 2 N. E. 3 : . x. K, 4iv.VV. 2 N. VV. 9 N. VV. 7N.W. 4N. W. 1 N. E. 4N.E. 1 N. E. 5 N. VV. 4 N. VV. 1 N. VV. Calm 1 N. E. 1 N. E. Calm 2 N. VV. 2 N. E. 3N. E. Calm Calm 2 N. VV. 1 N. E. Calm 101'- 7 VV. Calm 4 N. E. Calm Calm Calm 4 N. E. 3 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 1 iN. VV. 7 VV. N. VV. 8 N. VV. 6 N. W. Calm 5 N. E. 4 N. E. 8 N. VV. 5 N. VV. 2 N. VV. •Calm Calm 2 N. E. 3 ^'. E. 1 VV. 2 N. VV. 5 N. E. ;^N. E. lOli- 2VV. 4N. E. 1 N. E. Calm Calm 2 N. E. 4 E. N. : 2 E. N. : 2 N. VV. 6 N. VV. 9 N. VV. 4 N. VV. 5 N. VV. Calm 4 N. E. Calm 3VV. 4N,W. IN. W. Calm 1 N. VV. 1 N. E. Calm 1 N. VV. 4N. E. 3 N. E. 2 N. E. Noon. 6 VV. Calm 4 N. E. Calm Calm Calm 4 N. E. 3 E. N. E 1 E. N. F. 1 N-. \V. 7 N. \V. 8 ;>. VV. i N. VV. Calra 7 N. E. E. VV. VV. VV. 4N 8 N, 4N 2N, Calm Calm 1 N. E. 2 N. E. 2 VV. 1 N. VV, 4 M. E. Calm Calm 2 N. VV, 1 N. E. Calm Midn't. 2 W. 4N. E. 3 N. E. Calm Calm 2N. E. 3 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. Calm 4 VV. N. W. 9 VV. N. VV. 2 VV. 4 N. VV. Calm 4N. E. Calm 2 VV. 5 N. VV. Calm Calm 1 N. VV. 4N. E. 2 8. VV. IN. VV. 4N. E. 3 N. E. 1 N. E. Calm Calii Call" 3N. \ . / 1 > is 58 RECORD AND DISCUSSION I 'I ■ 1 2 3 4 5 C 7 8 9 10 U 12 13 14 IS Ifi 17 18 ;:'.» 21 22 23 24 25 2(1 27 28 29 30 31 Direction (laitB) akd Fok - , r .-he Wind odservkd on hoard the yacht Fox. .^lyril, 1859 At winter quarters. 6h. 5h. Sb- 1 4 N. W. i; N. W. 2 8 W. S. W. 2 W. 8. W. 3 5 \V. 2W. 4 3 !•:. N. E. 3 N. N. E. r> 4 W'ly 3 W'ly (< (i^V. 5 W. S. W. 7 2N. 3N. 8 Calm Calm 9 fi K. N. K. 6 E. N. E. 10 Culm Calm U r;,]m Calm 12 2 .M \V. 2 N. W. 13 ( aim 1 Variable 14 3K. 2E. 15 •' N. E. Calm 1« 4 E. N. E. 4 E. N. E. 17 3 N. E. 5 N. E. 13 7 E. N. E. 7 N. E. 19 1 E. S. E. 4 E. S. E. 20 4 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 21 2 N. N. E. 3 f}. N. E. 22 4N. 1 N. 23 3 E. by N. 3 E. by N. 24 !) E. N. E. 6 E. N. E. 25 2 E. N. E. 4 E. N. E. 2U Culm Calm 27 4 E. i\. E. 4 E. N. E. 28 Calm 1 N. E. 29 3 N. E. 2 i\. E. 30 1 1 N. E. 1 2N. E. Noon. . E. W. 7N.W. 4 W. 2W. 4 N. E. 4 W. N. W, 7 W. S. \V. 1 N. N. W. 3 N. N. E. 4 E. N 4 W. Calm 4 W. N Calm 4 N. K. Calm 3 E. N. E. (i N. E. « N. E. 2 K. S. E. 3 N. E. 3 i\. N. E. 4 W. N. W. 4 N. !•: G E. : E. 2 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. « E. N. E. 1 N. E. 3 N. E. Calm 4h. 6-7 W. S. W. 1 W. 4 N. IV. !> W. N. W. 4 W. 2N. 3 N. N. E. 1 E. N. E. 4 W. Calm r> \V. N. W. Calm 3 N. E. Calm 4 N. E. 5 N. E. 7 N. K. 2 K. S. E. 4 N. E. 3N. 3 W. N. W. 8 N. E. 3 E. N. E. 2 N. E. by E. 2 E. X. E. 3 E. N. E, Calm 2N. E. 5 W. May, 1859. --At winter quarters. 9 W. 3 W. 7 W. 3 W. N. W. 4 W. 2 W. 2 W. 4 W. 7N. E. 3 N. W. 2 W. by N. Calm 3 N. N. W. Calm 3 N. N. E. Calm 4 N. W. Cilm 2 N. E. 3N. 3 W. N. W. 3 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. 6 W. by N. 3N. E. 8 W. 1 N. E. Calm Calm 4 N. N. W. 8t>. 9 W. aw. G W. 2 W. N. W. 2W. 1 W. 2 W. 2W. 7 N. E. r> N. W. 1 W. by N. Calm 3 N, N. W. Calm 2 N. N. E. Calm 1 i\. W. Calm Calm 2 N. 1 W. N. W. 2 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 1 N. by E. 4-« W. by N. 3 N. E. 5 W. Calm Calm Calm S N. N. W. Noon, 1 W. G W. GW. 3 W. N. W. 1 W. 2 W. 5 W. 6 W. 6N. E. 4 N. W. R W. by N. 4 N. N. W 3 N. W. 1 E. N. ;• 2 N. N. ' 4 N. ^\■ 2 N. W Calm Calm G N. W. Calm 1 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. 2 N. N. W. 3-5 N. W. 6-8 N. W. 5 W. Calm Calm C N. W. 4 N. N. W. 41,, 7 W. 5 W. 6-8 W. 1 W. N. W. 3 W. 2W. li W. 5 W. 2 N. E. r ■ ,1 ■ ■>. K. u >'. N. W. 3 N. W. ' \. N. E. •^. N. E. N. W. .1 ...\V. 1 N. N. W. Calm 7-i) N. W. Calm 2 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 2 N. \V. 5 W. by N. 3 N. VV. 3 W. 1 N. Calm 4-G N. W. 3 N. N. VV. 81.. 5 W. S. W. 2 \V. Calm •: \. « W. N. W. 4 N. W. Calm 3 N. N. E. Calm 2 W. Calm 2 W. N. W. 2 N. N. E. 3 N. E. 5 E. N. E. 5 N. E. 4 E. N. E. 5 N. E. 2 E. N. E. 3 N. 4N. 4 N.N. 8 N. K. 3 E. N. Calm 3 N. E. 2 E. N. E. 1 N. E. 4N. E. 8 \V. nil. . w. M, 8h. 7-8 W. S. W. 3 W. I N. E. 1 N. G W. N. W. 3 N. W. Calm 2 N. N. E. Calm 1 W. Calm 2 W. N. W. 3 N. N. E. 4N. E. 4 E. N. E. 5 N. E. 6 E. N. E. 1 N. E. 3 E. N. 4 N. N. E. ."i N. 1 N. " N. E. > ^'. E. by !•;. t'alm 4 N. E. 2 N. E. by E. 2 N. E. 4 N. E. 9 W. . E. Uh. 4\V. 4 W. 5W. 7-:t \V. 4-G W. G W. 4 W, N. \V. 5 W. 3 W. 4\V. ; w. N. w. 4 W. N. W '!-S W. 8-9 W. 3W. Calm 5 N. N. F (aim Calm 3 vV. 3 N. N. W. 2 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 5 N. N. \V. 2 N. W. Calm 3 N. N. E. 2 N. N. E. 1 N. N. E. 2 N. N. E. 5-7 N. W. 8 N. W. 4N. W. 6 N. N. W. Calm Calm 1 N. E. 2 N. by E. 6 N. W. 5 W. N. W. Calm N. N. E. 1 E. N. E. ■2 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. Calm 1 N. W. 2 N. W. 5 W. by N. 3 N. by E. 5 W. 8 W. 1 W. 2 N. E. 1 N. 1 N. Calm 1 N. 4 N. N. W. 2 N. N. W. 3 N. N. \V. i: N. N. w. OP THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND. 69 Direction (true) and Force op the Wind observed on board tbe yacut Fox. June 1859 — At winter quurters. DATE. 1 6l>. 8h. Noon. 41,. 81'. 111.. 4 i\. W. 3 N. W. 5-7 N. W. 6-8 N. W. 3 N. N. W. 10 N. N. W. 2 9 N. W. 11 N. W. 9 N. W. 7 N. W, 9 X. W. 9 N. W. 3 4 N. N. W. 1 N. 2 N. 1 N. N. W. 2 N. E. 3 N. K. 4 4N. E. 4N. E. 1 N. E. Calm 2N. E. Calm 5 2 N. E. 3 N. E. Calm 4 N'. W. 1 N. 3 N. 6 2N. E. 3 E. N. E. 2 K. .\. E. Calm 3N. E, 3 N. E. 7 Calm 3 N. E. r. N. E. by E. 4 N. E. by E. 2 N. E. by E. 2 N. E. by E. 8 3 N. 4 N. ti N. W. 7-9 N. W. 7-9 W. by S. 3-7 N. W. 9 3 N. 2 N. Calm 2 N. E. 1 N. E. 3 N. E. 10 4 N. E. « N. E. 6 N. K. 4 N. E. 2 N. E. Calm 11 '! W. N. W. 6 W. «W. ti N. W. 2-5 N. N. W. 2-5 N. N. W. 12 -: W. by N. 4 W. by N. (i i\. N. E. 5 N. N. E. 4 N. N. E. 3 N. N. E. 13 ;i .N'. E. 2 N. E. Calm 1 N. W. 3 N. W. 5 N. W. 14 15 2W. 6 N. W. 2W. B i\. W. Calm Calm Calm 1 N. W. 4N. W. 1 N. by VV. 2 N. W. 16 2 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 1 N. E. 1 N. E. 1 \. p;. Calm 17 Calm Calm Calm Calm Calm 1 N. E. 18 2 K. 1 E. Calm r> w. 4 N. W. 3-5 N. N. W. 19 3 W. 2W. 4 N. !•;. 4N. E. 6 N. W. 5 N. W. 20 3N. W. 2N. W. 1 N. W. Culm 2E. Calm 21 Calm 1 S. E. Calm 1 S. 9. W. 6 W. N. W. 7 N. W. 22 9 W. 7 W. r> N. W. .1 N. W. 6 N. W. .'J N. W. 23 I! N. W. 5 N. W. a N. w. 6 N. W. li N. W. 3-5 N. AV. 24 7 N. W. 6 N. W. 7-9 N, W. 6 N. W. 1 N. W. 6 N. W. 25 6 N. W. 5 N. W. « N. W. .■) N. W. 7 X. W. 8 N. W. 26 (i N. W. N. W. N. \V. 3 N. W. 2 N. W. Calm 27 1 K. N. E. 1 K. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. 1 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. 28 4 E. N. E. 4 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. 3 E. N. E. 3 K. N. E. 2 N. E. 29 3 N. E. 1 W. 4 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. (.'aim 1 N. N. W. 30 Calm 2 N. W. 2 N. W. 7 N. W. 7 iN. W. 3 N. W. ■■>■■ (50 RECORD AND DISCUSSION '\^ ^ 1 2 3 4 6 (! 7 H 9 10 U la 13 14 15 IG 17 18 19 20 21 23 23 24 25 26 27 28 2!) 30 31 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 10 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 DiHECTION (TnUE) AND FOUCE OP THE AVlND OBSERVED ON BOARD THE YACHT FoX. July, 1859.— At winter quarters. 2i>. ralm 6 W. N. W. 3 K. N. K. 4 S. S. W. 5 W. by N. 7 N. K. by N. 3 N. N. W. 2 \V. N. \V. Calm 4 N. \V. 4 N. W. Calm 6 N. \V. 7 N. W. 5 N. E. C N. K. 6 N. E. 3 N. E. Calm 6 N. W. 6 W. .S. W. 2 E. by N. Calm 1 W. by N. 2 N. W. 2 N. W. 41>. Calm 4 W. N. W. 3 N. 5 S. S. W. (i W. by N. n N. E. by N. 3 AV. N. W. 4 W. N. W. Calm 4 N. W. 4 i\. W. Calm fi W. by N. 7 N. W. E. E. E. E. Calm 6 N. W. 6 VV. S. W. 3 E. by N. Calm 1 W. by N. 3 N. W. 3 N. W. 5 N. 5 N. 4N. 2N. 2h, 41.. E. N. E. W. N. W. W. N. W. W. N. W. W. N. W. iN. N. W. N. E. by N, W. N. W. N. N. W. N. E. N. W. N. W. N. W. N. W. N. E. E. by N. N. E. by N. E. N. E. Calm S. W. W. S. W. Calm N. W. Calm S. W. N. W. W. N. W. 2 W. S. W. 2 N. W. 1 E. S. E. 1 E. N. E. 3 E. 6 W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 6 W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 7 N. N. \V. 3 N. E. by N, 5 W. N. W. Calm 2 N. E. 4 N. W. .1 N. W. 4 N. W. 5 N. W. 7 N. K. 2 E. by N. 6 N. E. by N, 2E. 1 S. W. 4 N. W. 6 W. S. W. 1 S. 2 N. W. 1 S. W. 3 W. S. W. 3 N. W. 3 W. N. W. Cli- 6b. 8h. 3 N. \V. 3 W. N. W. 2N. 5 8. 8. W. 5 W. by N. 9 N. E. by N, 6 W. N. W. 6 W. N. W. 4 N. E. 4 N. W. 4 N. W. 2 N. W. 6 N. W. 3 N. E. 3 .v. K. 5 N. !•;. 2 N. E. 3 N. i:. Calm 6 .\. \V. 5 W, 8. W. 5 K. by N. Calm 2 N. N. E. 3 N. W. 3 S. W. 7 N. W. 4 N. W. 1 E. by N. 1 E. N. E. 2 K. N. E. 5 N. \V. 2 W. i\. W. 3 W. N. W. 2 S. 8. W. .1 W. by N. 7 N. E. by N, 3 W. N. W. li W. N. W. 4 N. E. 5 N. W. 4 N. W. 3 N. W. rt N. W. 3 N. E. 3 N. N. W. 5 N. E. 2 N. E. 3 N. E. Calm 6 N. W. 5 W. S. W. 6 E. by 8. Calm 2 W. S. W. 3 N. W. 2 8. W. lOh. Noon. B W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. Calm 3 W. by N. 7 N. E. by N, 4 \V. N. W. (! W. N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. W. 5 N. W. B N. W. « N. W. 6 N. E. 3 8. W. B N. E. 2 N. E. 4 E. by N. Calm 6 W. 8. W. 1 W. S. W. 4 E. by S. Calm 2 W. 8. W. 3 N. W. 3 8. W. 2E. ti W. N. W. 2 W. N. W. (i W. N. \V. 5 W. N. W. 7 N. N. W. Calm 5 W. N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. by W. 4 N. W. rf N. W. 4 N. W. 5 N. W. (i N. E. 5 E. N. E. (i N. E. by N. 1 E. 1 8. W. 4 N. W. 5 W. 8. W. Calm Calm 1 8. W. 4 W. 8, 3 N. W 2 W. N W. 8l>. 101.- 111. , W. 4 N. W. 2N. E. 1 8. E. 1 E. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 6 W. N. W. Calm 5 W. N. W. 5 W. by N. 7 N. r:. W. Calm 4 W. N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. by W. 4 N. W. W. W. W. E. E. 6 N. E. by N. Calm Calm 4 N. W. 6 W. S. Calm Calm Calm 4 N. W. 2 N. E. 3 W. N. W. 2N. 4N. 5 N. (1 N. 5 N. W. 1 E. N. E. 5 W. N. W. 2 E. N. E. 3 W. N. \V. 5 W. by N. 7 N. E. by N, Calm (i W. N. W. 3 W. N. W. 3 N. W. 3 N. W. 4 N. AV. 5 N. W. B N. W. 7 N. E. 4 N. K. 4 N. E. Calm Calm B N. W. 6 ■ 8. W. 1 1-.. 4 N. E. Light 3 N. W. 2 N. E. 5 W. N. W. 4 N. W. 2 N. E. 1 S. E. by I 3 E. N. E. N.W. 6 N. W. 2 E. 8. E. 2 E. by N. 2 E. N. E. i; W. N. W. 1 W. N. W. 4 W. N. W. 2 VV. N. W. N. N. \V. 7 N. E. by N 4 W. N. W. 5 W. N. W. 3 N. E. 3 N. W. 5 N. W. B N. W. B N. W. 6 N. E. 2 8. 8. W. B N. E. 3N. E. 3 E. by N. 1 8. W. (! W. 8. W. 1 W. 8. W. 1 N. E. Calm 2 \V. H. W. 2 N. W. 3 W. Midn't. 1 N. VV. 5 VV. N. VV. 2 E. N. E. 5 8. 8. VV. 4 W. by N. li J. E. by N, Calm 6 VV. K. W. Calm 2 N. VV. 2 N. VV. 4 N. VV. fi N. VV. « N. VV. 7 N. E. 6 N. E. 5 N. E. Calm Calm 6 N. VV. 6 W. 8. VV. 1 E. Calm Variable 2 N. VV. 3 N. VV. 3 VV. OF THE DIIIECTION AND F 11 C E OF THE WIND. fil Djkection (true) and F oncE OF TiiK Wind OH.sEavF.r UN lloAItD THE YAr:ilT FliX. August, 1858.- -.Mean position: Lut. Tl'^'.ON. ; long. 79-. 8 W. DATS. 41.. 8i>. Noon. 41.. 81.. Mldu't. 1 E. by N. 2 N. K. Variation. 1 3 W. 3W. 1 W. 1 w. Calm 2 3 K. 2E. 1 a. by N. 4 i:. N. E. 2 .\. !•;. 3 2 N. E. R N. E. 6 N. K. « N. K. 5 .N. H. a K. N. E. 4 N. K. 7 .N. K. 7 N. K. by E. (i \. !•;. by E. fi N. K. by E. ('aim 5 Calm 3 N. W. 3\V. 4W. 2\V. 2 W. 6 7 Calm Calm 2 8. W. 3 .N. W. 3 N. W. 2 N. W. 1 W. 2\V. 8 N. \V. by W. 4 N. W. 4 N. \V. 4 N. W. 8 5 W. 4 W. N. W. 3 W. 4\V. 4W. fi W. 9* 6 W. 4 W. by a. 5 W. by S. 3 N. N'. W. 2 W. N. W. 1 a. !•;. 10 C'lm, light var 2 ,S. K. IE. Calm Calm 2 K. 11 3 K. by S. 3 K. by S. 4 !•:. by S. n v.. 8. K. i; N. K. fi N. N. E. 12 13 14 « K. N. F. 4 K. by H. li K. by S. 7 K. by 8. 7 !•:. by 8. 7 E. by a. 7 K. by 8. .I !•:. by a. fi W. by N. 3 8. 7 K. by S. 7 K. by a. 6 K, by S. K. by a. K. by a. 9 K. by S. « K. by a. (! K. by a. 4 K. by 8. r. !•:. by a. 15 4 K. hy S. 4 W. N. W. 8 N. W. 8 W. N. W. i! N. W. by W. 2 a. by K It) 2-4N.\V.byN. 2 W. 4 a. w. f. a. by E. 17 IH Calm 2 N. by W. 2 N. 1-;. 3 N. !■;. 3 Variable 3 N. N. E. 1 N. K. 2N. W. 3 W. N. W. !> w. a. w. .') W. 5 W. 19 S W. by S. 5 W. N. W. fi N. \V. .1 w. IJ W. 4 W. 20 2 W. Calm IN. E. IN. 5 N. 4 N. N. E. 21 (i N. W. 3 8. 6S. E. fiS. a. E. by E. li a. a. iv. 2 Iv. 22 1 W. (i W. 6 W. « w. r. a. E. W W. 23 5 8. K. 5 H. 9. E. 3 a. E. T> E. a. E. 3 E. a. K. 1 ]•',. N. E. 1)11 24 5 N. N. W. 6 N. N. W. N. \V. by N. 7 N. N. \V. (i N. N. W. « N. N. W. S3 25 2i: 4 N. N. W. 3 Variable, S. Calm 3 i:. IN. 2K. 1 8. r, N. w. 2 a. W. & var. G N. W. 3 8. W.&var. 1 E. 78 72 27 3 K. 3 K. N. E. 4 K. N. E. 4 l'). N. H. 3 !•:. N. E. 2 K. N. I!. 28 29 1 E. N. K. 2 K. N. K. 3 i:. N. K. 1 K. N. K. 3 li. 8. K. (!alm 2 !■:. .N. !•:. 4 N. N. K. 2 K N. E. 2 N. K. 2 K. n! k! (ftllU 30 Calm Calm 5 N. N. W. 2 X. N. W. Calm C'uliu 31 2 K. N. E. 2 E. N. E. 3N. E. 1 N. W. Calm Calm Sept ember, 1859 .—Mean poeilion: Lat. 58°. 9 N. ; long. 40°. 9 W. Variation. DATS. 4h. 8h. Noon. 4'i. 8h- Midn't. 1 2 E. N. K. 4 E. N. E. 2 N. N. E. 2N. 3 N. W. .I N. W. 73° W. 2 6 N. N. W. 7 N. N. W. 7 N. W. (i N. N. W. « N. N. W. 7 N. N. W. 72 3 6 N. N. W. 5 N. N. W. 4 N. N. W. 3 N. W. 2 8. 8. E. 2 8. W. fi.') 4 4 S. S. \V. 4 a. W. 4 8. W. by S. .-I a. a. w. r. a. fi a. bv W. fi2 6 6 S. K. by S. 7 a. K. by 8. 7 a. 8. W. 7 8. 3 W. 8. W. 2 W. .S. W. UO 6 7 1 S. W. by S. 1 a. w. by a. n a. w. by 8. 4 a. s. w. 4 a. 8. w. 4 8. W. by W. !) W. N. W. fiO 3 W. 3 W. 3 W. by N. 5 W. 3 W. .15 8 Calm 2N. E. 3 N. E. 4 N. E. 5 N. N. E. 7 N. r,4 9 7 N. by W. 8 N. N. W. 8N.W. 6 W. N. W. 6 W. N. W. 4 W. N. W. 53 10 4 W. N. W. 4 W. N. W. 4 W. N. W. r> w. N. w. fi W. N. W. fi W. N. W. 52 11 7 W. N. W. 7 W. 7 W. N. W. 7 W. N. W. 7 W. N. W. 7 W. N. W. 50 12 7 W. S. W. 7 8. W. « 8. a. w. 5 a. w. 6 W. S. W. ."i w. a. W. 48 13 3 S. S. W. 3 8. 4 a. w. 4 a. w. 6 8. W. 7 8. W. 4fi 14 7 ti. S. W. OS. w. 6-7 W. S. W. 7 W. 7 W. N. W. 7 W. N. W. 43 16 7 \V. N. W. 8 N. W. 8 N. W. 8 N. W. 8 N. W. 8 N. W. 40 16 7 N. W. by N. (i N. N. W. 5 N. N. W. 5 N. N. E. 2 N. E. 1 N. E. 35 17 5 S. S. W. 5 S. 8. W. 4 a. 8. W. a. a. w. 8. a. W. fi S. 8. W. 32 18 6 S. S. W. « 8. W. 2 W. « 8. W. by S. G 8. W. by S. 5W. * Steamed out of Port Kennedy. .1 '^ "V ' iri '■,:4 62 RECORD AND DISCUSSION i "' iI/<,'//(OfZr//i'«7«c//o?;.— The method of roJuction used is the same as that cm- ployed in tlie discussion of Kane's observations— it is by Lambert's improved ibrmuha, so as to include the velocity of the wind, and not the relative frequency alone. It is given in its outline in the article " Meteorology," in the Sth edition of the Encyclopa3dia Britaimica. Let Oj O.Oj be the angles which the directions of the wind make with the meridian (true), reckoned round the horizon, according to astro lomical usage, from tlie south, westward to 300°, a direction corresponding to that of the rotation of the winds in the northern hemisphere j and i\ v.>i\i its respective veloci- ties, which may be supposed expressed in miles per hour; and let the observations be made at equal intervals (for instance, hourly). Adding up all velocity-numbers referring to the same wind during a given period (say one month), and representing these quantities by *, r, ,«, , the number of miles of air transferred bodily over the place of observation by winds from the southward is e.xpressed by the formula i?„ = 5, COS Oi -\- f. COS 0.. -{- S^COS O3 + And for winds fnnn the Avestward i?„ = s, sm 6, + «2 *■'"'* 0, + S;, sin 0,1+ The resulting quantity li, and the angle ^ it forms with the meridian, is found by the expressions R, tll£i E= ^//4^ + //,/, and (an ^ = 'p- The general formuUo, in the case of eight principal directions 0, assume the following convenient form : — R, = (S—N) + (SW—NE) ^/T— (XW—SE) y/J Ii,o = ( W—E) -f- {S W—NE) 7h + (iV SV—SE) v/T Where the letters aS", aS* TF, W, etc., represent the sum of all velocities during the given period, or the quantity of air moved in the directions S, S W, W, etc., respectively; Jr„ represents the total quantity of air transported to the northward, and Ii.„ the same transferred to the castwanl. These formulae, for practical working, may be put in the following shape : — Put >S—N=a aSW—NE=c W—E^.b NW—SE=d Then F, = Ecas(p = a + 0.707 (c— (/) B,„ = R s!n n . . R V,= —, I ,„ =z — , and F= — . A particle of air which has left the place of observation at the commencement of the porioJ— of a day, for instance — will be found at its close in a direction 180 4- ^, and at a distance of It miles, equal to a movement with an average velocity of M OF THE DIRECTION A XI) FOKCE OP THE WIND ()3 H ; this supposes an equal and parallel motion of all particles passing over ; tlie length of the path described by each can be found by the summation of all the v's (for each hour) during the period. The great variability in the direction and force of the atmospneric motion ren- ders the taking of resulting values for short intervals unnecessary, and a subdivision of the reduction into monthly periods has been found convenient. To include more than eight directions into the discussion would not only render it very tedious, but would give no materially increased accuracy. Obsorved direc- tions, intermediate of the eight directions, are referred to the nearest principal dn-ectioi. ; and if midway, and occurring more than once, thoy are referred to the nearest preceding and following direction alternately. Tlie winds observed during July and August, 1857, and in September, 1859, cannot well be combined with the body of the observations, and have, therefore, not been reduced. To illustrate the process of reduction, the working up of the observations for direction and force of tin wind in the month of September, 1857, is here given as an example. Abstract of the Quantity of Wind referred to the eight principat. Directions and observed IN THE Month op September, ISol, between Latitudes 75°.5 and 75° X., and Longitudes Gio.l AND Gi;° W. Oljsorvations .it 4, 8, 12, A. M. and P. M. (Tho few iutermediate observations on the last day of the month wore not taken into aooount.) j 1 Truu ilirect'n, ' 1st. 2d. 1 3d. 4th. 1 5th. (Ith. 7th. 8th. ; 9th. ; 152 1 10th. 11th. 12th. 13th. 14tU. 15th. S. ... ... 10 ••.; 20 ... 72 15 3li ... 10 ! C,>i 4 2 ... ! 10 : 24 w. . . . ... 3 24 48 ... 2 i ... 31 28 42 1 S. w. . . t 1 ,,, 6'! H ! 14 1 10 ... 1 17 17 24 1 N. K. . . ... ... *•• 1 I 1" r ... i ... 4 4 I 15 N. W. , . s 1 1 .>• 10 ... 1 ... "4! ■■■ S. E. . . 10 io 27 8 ; 10 42 104 1 24 24 9(1 Sum . . . 27 22 « 103 17 54 117 224 17S j 41 149 ! ^' 59 ; 132 1 True liirect'n. ' 16th. nth. 1 1 18th. i:)th. 20th. ! 21at. ' 22d. 23d. 24th. 25th.,2iith. 27th. 2Sth. 29th. 30th. Sums. 385 8(1 S. ... S ... N. . . .1 ... "2 "s "9 "s "4 '.'.'. ... ... 1 .. ... ! 4 io 1 "ii ... ! 4 i;« ... ... 90 j 49 ... 4 ' S.M a. w. . . 1.) ... ... ... ... j ... io n 1 4 ... ... 258 N'. K. . . N. W. . . 4 2 27 28 10 4 44 11 121 13 6U 31 j 57 40 rl ... i'i 70 153 4X2 1 ... 1 ... ... 35G Sum . . . ; irt 1 (j;i : 47 t Tio 1 ; 111 1711 13 117 59 ! 4S 1 tj^ 9 i U 70 Mhi liy preceding forn luUu we find- .- c = ...145 ( ).7 (c-d) = —190 / •»= +109 d= .f 120 ' ).7 (c+d) =_ 13 7( ,;.= + 83 c_rf = _2n a = +299 7i ' = +137 C-J fi ■■■■ — 19 b : = + 9G f ss JT'^ equivalent tu u resulliug direction of tlie wind S. W. ^ S X. -I V kl » ■ '»*:1 n: RECORD AND DISCUSSION The following table shows the velocity-numbers for each of the principal eight winds, as well as the resulting direction of the wind, for each month between Sept. 1857, and Aug. 1859, as deduced by application of the preceding formula). ]S57-'58. True direction. SKrTf:jiBBn. Menn Lilt. 7.')'.,3 Long. i')^).0 ol),-(. a (liiv. OcTonEn. Menu Lnt. 75^2 Long. fi7.9 12 ob:*. a (liiy. NOVKMBER. Mean Lnt. 74°, 8 Long. HO.l 12 oha, a day. Mean Lnt. 71 '.3 Long. 07. 't 12 obs. a (biy. S. . N. . W. . !•:. . s. w. x. !•:. X. w. S. K. HS.'i ■Mi s 24i; lli8 47ij 377 21 li i;i:8 1327 !m;8 37" 17ii^ 22(1 1121 1187 7011 417 iMi; 1024 44it 331 388 21 13.'i 174 203(j UiiO !I8=' 124=' Janlabt. Mean Lat. 7.'! '.2 LonR. fi;).7 12 ob.s. a day. FKDIlUAItr. Menn Lnt. 71°. 5 Long. C0.9 12 obs. a day. 14,''> ,''i31 «!t3 118 il3 lil2 21104 ir.i 124 2381 151 1 27 233 31132 38ti 13P 104° IS.'iS. True directii Mauco. Menn Lat. (I!l\4 Li.n^'. 51I.1 12 ob:J. a dnv. April. Mean Lnt. no. 0, Long. .17°." May. s .\. . . . . w . . . . w. . . . X. w. . . .s. K. . . . 31)5 14(15 137 23!) 3(11 304 3112 7il4 Menn , Lat. lis '.7 From lst-17thF'ni l.Sth-.Sillli Long. ,'j:i.7 12 ubs. a day. 6 obs. a day. ; (i ob«. a day. JlNE. Mean Lat. 74 '.fi Long. Cn.l fi ol)i!. n day. July. Mean Lnt. 74°.4 Long. 7(1.4 (i ob.s. a day. AuausT. Menn Lat. 7.'i°.l Long. 88.5 6 obn. a day. (I 33il() 51 f,.j 2,3 24(1 1135 105 41 1; 33 255 57 4l)il 215 221 138 1 251 131 424 487 5U3 83 12(i 48 311 35 82 457 238 11 130 119 154 3(18 4(>0 383 l(i5 22 135 785 331 331 301 814 477 149=" IG.l" 2«4'> 224° 172- 114° Port Kennehy. 1858-' J9. True direotiun. S , X w v. s. w X. !•; X. w S. K f September. 6 ob.s, a day. October. November, DErEJiBER. obs. a day. 12 oha a day. ' 12 obs. a day. Jasbary. 12 obs. a ilay. 134 1(17 1071 27 5 (13 41(5 7'.)(i 3(111 85 38 21 10 3(19 59 100 773 200 25 4 87 199 1512 2193 780 4(10 2132 4610 3721 440(1 DO 17 10 99° lUO" 160° 13U° 142° February. 12 obs. a day. 1 11C9 49 444 33311 129° Pout Kenskdv, True direction 1859. j March. I 12 ob.s. a day. j The numhiTS lor (he lut 4 days were doubled. April. ^ obs. a day. The two odd hour.s were treated lilie even hours. S I X W 268 K I S. W 4 X. I-: I 1234 X. W i 2152 s. !•; I <;> i 159° 103 308 34 212 1341 313 20 190° May. obs. a day. Odd and even hours treated alike. j June. fi obs. a day. : Odd ntid even ^ hours treated I alilte. -L July. 12 obs. a day. Numbers for the llrst 4i days were driubled. August. 8 obs. a day. 33 1245 282 859 58 270 9 1 547 1888 1 1 48 233 159 5(13 1438 3027 14 83 30 509 085 59 008 715 235 117° 140' 151° 197° I 'i I OF THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND. 65 The above results for the resulting direction of the wind In each month, when expressed to the nearest half point, are contained in the following table :— Fii-.«t year. 18,'57 1.S58 Sciitomber . . . S. W. :T S. October . N. A W. November . . W. 3 X. December . . N. ^V. by W. January . N. AV. i W. Fcbniury . N. \. W. \ W .Alnrcli . . . X. N. W. f W A ])ril . . ■ N. N. AV. 3 X. May . . . E. i X. Juiio . . . N. E. July . . . X. "( w. August . . . w.:s.\v. RESuiiTiNo Direction of the Wind. 1858 Second year 1859 September . . \V. a N. October . N. by W. Xovember . . N. N. W. i X. December . . N. AV. January . N. AV. -f N. February . X AV. i W. March . . . N. N. AV. April . . . X. X. E. i N'. May . . . W. N. AV. i N Juno . . . N. AV. by X. July . . . X. N. AV. i AV. Augu.4 . . . X. X. E. i X. For the combination of the monthly results to quarterly, half-yearly, and yearly results, we have to double the numbers for A', and it'., for all months in which but observations a day were taken, in order to make them correspond to the numbens lor the other months in whiuh 12 observations a day were recorded; the latter number of observations having been adopted as standard. The numbers in the second column for April, 1858, were doubled and added to the corresponding num- bers in column one, before the formula was applied. ° The following table contains the resulting values for E, and R^ as they resulted (or 111 part were referred to) from bi-hourly observations:— JIoii(h. ^''.v i /',„ Wunlh. «. Il„. 1857 S^iitumlier Octuljur . Novombur Di'ceniher 1858 .I.-uuiiiry . Febniiiry M.'.rili . April . . 4 ".18 — 432 — 1.17 — 872 — 23,'-2 —4(173 -2(174 —.1059 — 9(1 — 374 — (184 — (1.1(1 + l(i(! + 31 +1207 + 13((3 +2733 +2278 +1581 +1388 —1058 — 370 + 10(3 +1422 1858 Sopteiiiber Outober . November Doceiiiber 1859 .I.iuu.Try . Fubru.arv ! March " . Aiti'il — 458 —47(10 —4771 — 3((14 —3775 — 2(109 —23(17 —2188 -1(1(14 —3522 —27(19 —1334 +2S92 + 932 +1782 +29(14 +29(52 +322(i -- 933 M.ay . . M.iy . . — (130 +3298 July . . August . i .IllllO , . .Tuly . . +2412 + 1571 — 448 August . ■ ■,'1-' i t%,. I I--' HE CORD AND DISCUSSION Kesultinu Dikection of niE Wind IN THE HIFFEUENT SEASONS OF THE YeAU. Ronson. 2A-, ^ii,n » Direction, Moan Int. Moan long. I'-'ij Autumr. .... l^.'iT-'.'iS AViiitor .... IsriS t^priiin .... " Suiiimor .... — ;i7i — 71127 — 7H2!I — 1714 4- 14(»4 4- tl.')14 4- 1!»U 4- iir.s 1'!.'."= W. l.y N. \ N. 142 N. W. ", N.' 1117 N. l.v W. 14(! N. W. l.y N. 7.'-.°.l N. 73.0 2 4- :ii!oi 4- :i.'-i;i,'-> 149° = N, N. W. J W. l.irssN. N, W. i W. ]:il! N. W. ir.O N. N. W. J w. Ifjii N. N. W. 72.S 65.8 li-.^S Antumn .... l.'^riS-','')!) Winter .... l>-.'ii) Spring .... " t^umnier .... — !1!tSi> — IKiim — i;2i!) Port Kennedy, I.iit. 72^.0 N. ; Long. W/i W. Winter Ii.ilf, Niivcnilier-A|)iil . i^uninier half, Miiy-Oi'luhor — 1S724 — i4r)(i7 4-li2:i7 4-nM;rj7 1411" =N. N. W. :| \V. 144 N. W. l.y N. ^^,'lS-•,V) Year — :i;i2:)i 4-21894 147 " = N. W. l.y N. At Tort Konnodj-, tlio resulting diiootioii of (he wiml is roinitrkiil)ly constant for the .sovoral season.^, and tlio dillcrcncos with tiio conrsponding values for BiifTin Bay are also small, the final direction for the two localities being practically iden- tical. For further comparison, I add a table showing the resulting (true) direction of the wind for BafTin l?My (lat. 72°.5 N., long. tl.J°.S W.), Vaii Rensselaer Harbor' (lat. 78°.G N., long. 7U°.'J W.), and Port Kennedy (lat. 72°.0 N., long. r 1 4227 320 .lanuary . 47:is 332 I'f'hrnary • 41411 2113 Mnn:)i . ! 254.'; 2i;o April . . 1 113!) 152 May . . : 1847 1.54 Juno . . ' 2135 155 July . . ' 31 S4 332 August . 7(14 l(i7 8.3 13.5 15.8 13.2 14.4 14.2 0.8 7.5 12.0 13.8 !).« 4.2 V in Autumn " M'intur . " Spring . " SumuiLT I'for the year At Van Rensselaer, the annual mean was V = Uy. Bumn Diiy. p jrt Kcnncily 1.9 12.5 10.3 13,9 9.0 9.8 2.9 9.2 CO 11.4 Average Velnclhj of the WmJs.—ThQ average velocity with which cacli of the eight principal winds passes over the place of ob,-;ervation in each month, season, and whole year, is found by dividing the sum of the velocity-numbers of each wind by the number of entries in the period; thus, for the month of September, 1857, we have — Truo direction of the winil. s. w. . w. . N. W. . N. N. E. . E- . . S. E, . f velocities. I lumber of entries. Mean velocity 385 20 19.2 8 2 4.0 354 29 ms 482 47 %m 86 18 m 153 14 mm 268 22 11.7 356 18 MA Sum 2082 170 rar.8 The following table shows tlie mean velocity of the winds, expressed in miles per hour, for each month of observation : — •'1 'U G8 RECORD AND DISCUSSION Year. True direction. ca p a g . >^ lA to s s u Ih a i i •-5 (4 « •< w O » Q >< S. n.4 0.5 IH.O 2(;.i» 18.4 10.0 2.2 5.5 19.2 10.4 11.5 11.0 12.5 s. w. r..8 3.0 12.9 Is. 5 0.9 3.2 11.9 17.4 4.0 7.1 10.7 4.5 10.6 m w. 1S.4 G.9 2 2!U1 41 503 20 21 15 372 j 33(i I 372 358 3(Jt) 1 3iiO i 370 3ti8 3U0 I 372 : 3(J0 j 372 St* s. s. w. w. N. W. N. N. E. K. S. E. Calm Sum and cliwck 11 25(1 22 37 341 (19 174 45 2 44 43 370 33(i 19 100 140 14 3 38 24 172 2 no 2(i 110 152 18 1(! 70 lOS 11 2 1 38 13 157 4 K8 21 8 14 20 s 10 (12 14 62 90 14 (ili (18 152 8 20 (! 82 50 134 (54 4 4 2(1 40 2(J (1 203 2 111" 1 1 112 5il I (;4 50 42 38 14 371 35S I 372 i 3(jO I 372 ; 370 j 3i;o 37-J 3(10 17 30 194 1 72 1 43(i(i 44 159 4S8 1(17(( 121 11(14 los 114 5(11 3(i8 43(19 lu the ahovo tahlo a few variable wiiuld havu uot hoen counted in. In both localities the N. W. is the most froqnent next to this, in Baffin Bay the N. wind, and at Port Kennedy the N. E. ; the least frequent wind in both seasons is from the S. and E. The results at Port Kennedy are remarkable for the scarcity of winds from the S., E., and S. E. This is most probably due to the configuration of the surrounding land ; the same cause may also explain the scarcity o°f winds from the north, midway between the most frequent N. W. and N. E. winds. The following diagram exhibits the relative frequency of each wind for the two locali- ties, to which has been added the result obtained at Van Rensselaer Harbor (the numbers for that harbor refer to twenty-four observations a day, and were thcrefbre halfed in order to make them comparable with the numbers deduced above.) I Relative Frequency op the Winds. True direction. S. s. w. . w. N. W. N. N. E. . E. S. E. . Calm . Biiffin Buy. 243 12.'];i 620 46(5 299 603 Van Rensselaer Ilurbor. 410 354 110 3:!() 111 27 .00 411 Port Kennedy. 44 2532 /ft- TO RECORD AND DISCUSSION Fig, N. I rnvi ) In BafTin Eay the calms occur less frequently than any of the eight winds ; at Port Kennedy they are more frequent; the frequency of the calms at Van Rensselaer exceeds that at Baffin Bay and Port Kennedy in the ratio of nearly 7 and 5 respectively. The preponderance of the N. W. and N. E. wind;^ at Port Kennedy is very striking on the diagram. The quantity of air which has been transferred over the place of observa- tion in a given period, is directly ^' proportional to tiie velocity-numbers, or the number oi miles travelled over by a particle of air in any direction during the period. The observations not having all been made at regular and equal intervals of two hours, the numbers indicating the relative quan- ,,,,,, ^ ' tity of air in April, 1858, March and July, looy, were relerred by smiplo proportion to twelve observations a day, to which all other numbers refer ; the number for all months of six observa- tions a day have been doubled. Relative Quantity of Air PASSED OVER THE Place of Observation. Referring to 12 observations a day. Year. True t 1 .a a a December. direction. a ■-5 V (4 Marc April 1-5 s 1-5 to < s s 1 S5 a 'J S. 145 124 305 210 442 166 22 44 7V0 246 220 449 3233 ^^1 s. w. Its 27 3(il B33 2(i2 70 736 662 16 212 700 135 3807 w. 903 151 137 127 2 96 238 1570 708 476 1121 388 6007 N. W. 2(104 3(!32 3112 2133 974 914 766 1628 964 1327 1846 2036 22236 '.'.m N. .531 2381 14115 4198 27K 252 272 270 172 108 331 10256 SiS N. E. 11)2 233 304 3(i0 848 164 920 6112 306 668 417 174 5188 K. 118 1 23i1 52 502 622 308 6li2 516 377 6S7 21 4105 H. K. Ifil 38G 7ii4 430 n8(i 596 330 954 712 968 1024 660 8161 Sum 5127 (i!);i5 1)777 1 8043 4492 2880 3692 6392 4164 1 4382 6015 4194 62993 s. 1 1 166 268 170 606 ■■^ s. w. 4i) 4 424 2 563 lis 1126 174 199 2659 7? w. 200 lliiO 288 61« 2490 552 233 1018 2142 118 106 773 9705 N.W. 440« 3336 2152 (i2(i 1718 3776 3027 1430 1592 42i;4 4610 3721 34658 i-^ iN. 3rt:i 200 li« 116 48 60 334 ! 76 21 10 1306 S t N. E. 4(i0 444 1234 2(182 564 1094 143>; 1216 832 3024 2193 T.^O 15961 ri^ K. 68 18 159 13711 64 ' 50 4 1723 S. K. 2 62 2 14 470 738 ; 180 17 10 1485 Sum 5435 5001 3078 ' 4(i74 4«38 5560 5483 5848 7081' ; 8056 6951 6493 6!: 103 The following table contains the comparative values at Van Rensselaer Ilarl or OF THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OF THE WIND. 71 YiVb the above, the result at Van R. having first been halfed to refer to twelve observations a day. True directiou. s. s. w. . AV. . N. W. . N. N. E. . E. S. E. . Baffin Bny. 3233 8807 COOT 222U6 10256 5188 4105 81GI Von Rensscluor Harbor. 30G0 4002 481 1G12 500 108 336 2000 Sura G2993 12759 Port Kennedy. COG 2059 9705 34058 1306 15961 1723 1485 C8103 These results of the relative quantity of air moved over each place are also shown in the annexed diagram. Owing to the small diflerenccs in the velocity of the several winds, the above diagram of the quantity of wind resembles that of the frequency of the wind;?, at least, in all its characteristics. It cannot be expected that the rela- tions of the wind within the Arctic Circle should come out with any de- gree of certainty from but a single year of observation, or even from several years; and before we can arrive at their true characteristics, we must combine results at different stations as well as in difl'erent years. Botalion of the TT7«-;!!'. 1 Winter, 1858-9. Si'RiNa, 1859. SuUMEn, 1850. Yeah, 1858-0. 1 Changes to Direction. 1 Amiii.t. 1 I'irection. Amount. Direction. Amount. Direction. Amt unt. Direction. Amount. 1 N. + ! - 2 1 r ~ + 1 + 1 i 1 t 1 + : - 3 1 1 t T t 3 Tf 7 N. K. 10 4 24 , t;; 3 1 (J 2 4 2 11 2 11 1 5 U 8 28 V.\ (!5 V. K. 3 8 } 1 1 5 7 7 2 11 fi 1(! '?, ?7 fi S. E. 2 4 4 i 11 1 (1 2 1 ; 2 3 2 11 2 fi 7 17 15 S. 1 1 3 i 3 (I (I 1 1 3 1 9 f. 4 4 12 s. w. il 1 17 5 9 1 2 4 fi ?0 V\ 50 w. 5 5 14 1 8 ] 14 3 14 1 9 1 15 13 18 7 41 l'^ 55 N. W. 9 12 17 , 28 2 28 4 31 7 19 (i 20 1 7 15 12 8 Hi 2(! 50 2K GS 73 Sum 32 1 3() 72 ; 85 2S 1 23 39 8 31 ... 37 37 1 40 1 07 89 jlKJ 119 2ii9 242 Excosa ... i 4 ... , 13 5 6 3 1 ... 22 ... 3 ... j 33 As might have been expected from the peculiar situation of Port Kennedy, and the results as given on Figs. 2 and 3, the rotation of the wind seems to be greatly affected in this locality; the resulting direction is retrograde, and the amount equals four circumferences. The following table contains,' for comparison, the results of a similar investigation of the rotation of the winds at Van Rensselaer Harbor, from Dr. Kane's observa- tions in 1853, '54, '55. Seventeen months of observations (hourly) were discussed, and the results, by the same months in different years, were united into one mean : the results for September, October, November, December, and January, have double weight, for this reason, when compared with the remaining months. These results arc here published for the first time. ijiii OP THE DIRECTION AND FORCE OP THE WIND. 73 "Van Rensselaer llAniioB: Lat. 78°.6 N. ; Lono. 70°.9 W. Changes to ACTUMK, 1853-4. Direotion. Amount. WmTKHilSS."), '4,'5 Direction. Amount. N. N. E. K. 8. E. S. s. w. w. N. W. + }0 2 1 3 I 14 20 a 4 - , + 1 I 12 1 3 3 18 I 4 IS 18 2 27 4 11 9 8 yum 60 f,9 I 80 n 2 10 17 20 G 1 3 tiii I 4 21 33 2S 7 1 f) 12 24 4.1 2- h Pi'iuso, IS54. Directiun. Kxcesd 10 (i4 120 112 44 Amount. 3 12 27 17 1(! 2 S SuMMEn, 1854 Direction.; Amount. Ykab, 185.1, '4, '5. 70 82 12 SO 6 3 4 2 25 6 44 (iO 14 Direction. Amount f)2 228 212 + 30 9 B 27 70 91 4,1 09 342 |;i3.''. no The result is in favor of the direct motion of not quite a circumference The result deduced for Baffin Bay agree.s with this within the limit of uncertainty of he final value itself, and both indicate that the law of rotation probably docs not hold good for tiie.se Iiigh latitudes. Ovcurrcncc and Damtiou of Storms -'Ui^ following table contains the date duration and direction (true), of all storms experienced betwee.i the diites of the record In each case tlio intensity rises to 8 (of the scale) or beyond it, and there are at least two consecutive entries of this or a higher number ; in other words, gusts of wind blowing for less than three hours are not noted. l*"'"- Duration. 1857, Aug. 30, 31, 12I'. Oct. 14, 12 " 22, 14 " 27, 28, 8 N'ov. G, 7, 12 " n, 10 *" 21,22,23, 30 Dec. 5, 6, 12 " 12, 18 1858, Jnn. 7, 4 " 21, 8 " 2;i, s Feb. I, " 9. 24 " IS, i " 24, 32 " 28, fi ♦March 3, 4, 14 " 22, 23, 8 " 25, 20, 27, 40 April 3, 4, 5, 54 " «, 8 " IC, 17, IS, 58 *May 4, 86 •Inly 13, It Aug. 8, 28 Direction anil cliangcs. E. S. E. to S. S. E. and S. E. E. X. E. to E. S. E. N. ^V. to W. N. AV. X. \Y. S. toS. W., S. E.andS. S. E. X. E. toS. R,S.,S. W., andS. S. W. W. to X. AV. X. AV. to AV. X. W. X. AV. X. X. AV. N. X. AV. to AV. X. AV. X. X. AV. N. AV. to X. X. AV. and X. AV. X. X. AV. to X. X. AV. .ind X. AV. S. E. X. E. to .><. S. AV., S., and 8. AV. S. E. X. to X. AV. and X. X. AA'. N. to X. AV. X. AV. X. 8. S. E. to S., N. X. AV. and N. AV. X. E. E. S. E. to E. * In,lical..s »turm» in ^i.ich tl.o airectiou uf the wiu.l is completely reversed ; tl.oy belong to the rot.atory storms or cyclonoB. Two of tl.e.e tnr„ from tlu- N. E. |,. t1„. S. W., a.M the tl,ir,l fron. .1,. . E. to tl,e N. W. X: IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I 1.25 1.4 11^ |||M IIM 1.6 Photographic Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 iV V ■4^ ^^ O 'CN .V '^^% ^ '" X ~ij S = a « u- ^..!^,".... '■ .._. '■ -- _ cj _. -* ♦ rt M Ift T- r< CD (x> in . (OKI 1 1 _t 1- _ « DIRCCTS OF WIND. " OF THE rHUECTIOX A x\ D FORCE OF THE WIN D. to 1 jct. 21'-' m.- 4 8 .; 4 g 5 4 i£ 4 — T — 1 — r— T — 8 J 4 B . i7 ^\ \ ^x./ (', LU UJ UJ CO CO W tJ u. ^ Lri •#= OJ IT Fo^ct i ! 1 1 1 UJ Ui > ^ ^ a: i: :ai 5 ^ •J^ u) cr> en a; OiRtC"! OF WIHO 1 1 L— ] > S 3 5 - > CO 1^ crt in; (d n- c^ - 11.1 NOV. I 223 1857 t D I 4 e ,. 4 3 n 1 r- '"K- 4 3 \ \ / LJ LJ U 1. -^ N ui S — j: iO w CO M '^ w c. cr. CT 01 ■n ai ^ rj'-cc £ DIIU rv OF wm . ■ - 1 —I 20'^ 1KB 1" — _ iiy , i ^ 4 8 * ■" 8 , 4 8 , 4 8 S 1 s e z 30 \ ^ __ incurs \ ■_^ - \ / ■ \ / / . \. ,/ r 85 UJ UJ UJ UJ UJ S 3 ei 1--1 =^ a- =; z 5! i 5 ^ ^ .ll Ui UJ ILJ l*J Lv z z =r Z 7 z z . ^ ■^ 1 'J^ iri c\i C\J - « r^ >o (O u- l^ J- „ >^ - FORCE 4 OlFECrs OF .'AN3 L_, 1 1 7(5 DIRECTION AND FOllCE OV THE WIND. I-. i 'J Ir ... . ■?• MARCH 3? ISM ■» 6 ^ 4 (, / \ S ■• /J / — — n / Z CJ CO di m la ruRCE 4 D:fiECT» or WIND The relation of tlio diflerent winds to tlie atmospheric temporatures lias already been nive.stigated in Die preceding paper; otiior relations, as those with the atmospheric pressure, will be given on subsequent pages. '. ;i TAirr III. ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. '"p- ■ ti fi\ ti' >r4 ]^~ii* ? 4 KIX'ORD AXD KKDUCTKIX OF TIIK OP.SEIIVATIONS FOR ATMosniKKir i'KKSSlltK. IXTItOnUCTOTlY REMARKS. The observing hours are tl.c same as tlioso for the other ,netcorolo-,ncal ohservn- .ons that .s, m part at equal interval, of two hours, and in part at intervals of lour hours There are two records, one of the aneroid readings, the other of the readings of the mercurial barometer. The series of observations by the aneroid is continued throughout the cruise- the nuM-cunal barometer was used only between Septend.er 20, IS-u, and April IC, 808. Ihe readings m the month of July and August, 18-37, an.l of September, iSoJ are given in he record, but are not further introduced in the discussion mice the ship was then rapidly changing her position, not permitting a combination ol the daily observations. ins^i™tTr "'7'7 ^rr"''""' ^'^^ ^''- "^'' ''-'' -'"1--1 -'^'' - ^t-'j--'i mttument at Kew both at departure and after return. The compaii^ons for index Lo . 1 " V' "^ r ^'ZT''"''''^ "' '' '^•"^■^' ^•-" ^'^P'-" McClintock, dated Loudon, December 12th, 18G0) : Corrections to be applied to Barometer by AniE Xo. 208 (or Xo. 407, private MARK OF TUE MAKERS.) BrKIIRE KjlnARKATIO.V I.V THE FoX 1 o .... SI'llSIMCE.VT TO ITS Reti'RS. Atinelios. Crrecti.in. .... At inches. Crrwti.m. 30.5 30.0 20.5 29.0 28.5 28.0 + 0.005 + 0.000 +0.007 + 0.007 + 0.007 + 0.008 30.5 30.0 20.5 29.0 28.5 28.0 + 0.008 + 0.008 + 0.007 + 0.0OU + 0.005 + 0.005 This mercurial barometer hod been u.sed by Profe.s.sor Pia.zi S.nvtli at Tenerinb and IS highly bought of by Admiral Fitzroy, in whose olTice it is now in u.se. It IS specially stated in the reduction whenever the above correction was applied ^^=^1^ ^'^"'"'^^ '' ''' -'''-'^ -' '--^' ^-— ^vill b/lund The cistern of the mercurial barometer was four feet above the level of the sea (.n reference to the position of the aneroid, no statement is given). The barometric + ■• 'fl 80 KECOKD AND llEDUCTION rcadin^rs roconlrd give the coiiibiiicd prossiire of the dry air and aqueous vapor; the li;tter, howi-ver, \h very Kiiiall : no hygroinetric observations were Ibund recorded. The foHowing tables connnenco with the aneroid readings, and conchidc with the readings of tlie niercui'ial barometer and its corresponding teniperatnro. A few oceasiunid omissions in tlie record were sujjplied by interpolation; snch figures are distinguished by being placed between brackets. Tiie mean position of the "Fo.v" is given Ibr each month (the daily position is already given in the preceding temperature paper). V 1, OF TIIK OBSERVATIONS FOR A T MO S P II K R I c PRKSSURE. HI nKconn OP rm On«FnvATioNH of t„f. Atmosphkuic I'uKssrn. ma„f. ox „.,.„„ ruy. Yacut •' Fox " . .vnKi. mMM^.s,, .,. K |.. .M.C...nt..ck. R. N., ... ,■„« Ah.t.c Skah. ,n IH.^7. V.s, 's!,, IlEAmNos OF Aneroid liAHoMF.rKU ITTi.l „.n hoaui, nn: Va.ut r„x July, 1857. 29 I.k-I.cs + Men,, Lat. n2°.0 \.. Lon^. 3flo. , ^v, of (Jrccnwich. I 41.. :i 4 5 (! 7 8 !» Ill 11 lli 13 14 15 ii; 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2i; 27 28 2!» ;«) 31 Mean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 ii; 17 18 19 2(1 21 22 23 24 25 2li 27 28 2!) 30 31 Mean (1.50) (.8h) (•IM) (I.11-.) (1.12) 1.2(1 l.lb- .112 .72 .48 .4ii .f-2 .MS .!I0 .90 .9(i .92 .80 .74 .82 .8ii .88 .84 .9li .70 .34 .52 .(;9 .70 .72 Noon. 4h. 1..5(l .85 .91 l.Il 1.12 1.22 1.14 .90 .(id .4(i .50 .85 .91; .92 .89 .99 .9(1 (.--) .74 .82 .82 .8(1 .7i; (.95) .(iO ..50 ..58 .05 .08 .80 29.849 29.847 1.50 (■«7) (.94) (1.11) 1.12 1.2:1 1.12 .8(i .59 .44 ..54 .92 .92 .94 .85 .98 .84 (.711) .74 .84 .80 .84 .73 .94 ..54 .4s .80 .88 .(ifi .84 1.15 (.8!l) (.98) (1.12) 1.17 1.22 l.os .85 .52 .40 .81 .94 .89 .98 .82 .97 .82 (.74) .74 .82 .82 .85 .78 .94 .80 .50 .82 .88 .85 .90 gli. Miiln't. .95 (.92) .91 (.91) l.dl (1.(15) 1. 12 (1.12) 1.18 1.211 1.22 1.22 1.02 .9(1 .83 .80 .52 .,52 .40 .44 .70 .78 .98 .98 .90 .92 .97 .94 .89 .92 .98 .97 .82 .84 (.72) .70 .74 .80 .88 .88 .84 .84 .84 .s4 .80 .90 .90 .89 .58 ..54 .50 .4s .80 .84 .72 .73 .84 .liii .92 .94 Mc.in. 29.841 29.834 29.834 29.844 August, 1857. 29 Indies + 41.. .94 .90 .98 .78 1.02 1.18 .98 1.18 .75 .92 1.10 .88 1.00 .96 .80 ..54 .48 .84 .82 .98 1.08 .98 .92 .78 .56 .51 .62 .76 1.(18 .50 .86 29.850 8I1. .99 .92 .98 .74 1.12 1.08 1.08 1.12 .76 .92 1.00 .87 1.04 .90 .81 .43 .48 .68 .85 1.00 1.04 .98 .92 .71 .61 ..54 .85 .82 1.20 .48 .97 29.8C0 Noon. .98 .9(1 (.94) .70 1.15 1.00 1.10 1.02 .81 .94 .97 .89 1.06 .88 .80 .45 .48 .72 .90 1.02 1.03 .94 .90 .61 .82 .64 .65 .92 1.20 .44 .99 4h. 8I1. 29.858 .96 .96 (.90) .72 1.24 .98 1.15 .94 .88 1.00 .94 .92 1.02 .82 (.73) .50 .51 .78 .94 1.(15 1.02 .98 .90 .58 .61 .88 .82 1.00 l.dii .58 .75 29.880 .94 .98 (.88) .n4 1.24 .90 1.15 .86 .90 1.06 .92 .95 1.02 .82 (•67) .52 .55 .78 .95 1.06 1.00 .98 .88 .54 .62 .87 .62 1.04 .90 .66 .50 Midn't. .94 .98 (.82) .93 1.23 .;!(> 1.15 .80 .9(1 1.04 .89 .98 1,02 .80 (.60) ..52 .60 .80 .98 1.06 .98 .94 .84 .54 .54 .62 .68 1.10 .69 .78 .44 IniiiHD. 1.25 I1.-.M 0.98 l.Il 1.15 1.22 1.(18 0.>-6 0.59 0.44 O.liO 0.91 0.93 0.94 0.S8 0.97 0.88 0.75 0.75 0.S4 0.83 0.85 O.so 0.93 0.59 0.47 0.59 0.1)9 0.88 0.85 29.842 :.ic,'0 Lat. U.OQ N., Long. 590.8 \V. Mean. 29.1 29.842 0.96 0.94 0.91 0.78 1.17 1.01 1.10 0.99 0.83 0.98 0.95 0.91 1.03 86 0.74 0.49 0.52 0.73 0.91 1.03 1.02 0.96 0.89 0.62 0.59 0.61 0.64 0.94 1.03 0.57 0.75 29.854 •> 82 n y '-*i" in: conn and REnucTiox ItK.M.IMI^ OF A.NKHi.lI. I'.AUOMKTKU ITTdl ON „„AI.|. T.IK VaHIT l\,K September, 1857. -i InHics +. .M,.,.„ |,,„. -;, ,j s., Ung. ,;r, .0' w. H"'- Midn't. (.M) .11-2 (.SH) .M (l.i'l!) 1.(14 (1.1-1) 1.14 (.nij .ill (.77) .7(1 (•>) .;i4 (.7.'.) .78 (.!'l) .m (•7!0 .8li (.IMI) .ill» (i.i;::) 1.24 (i.-ii') l.:i4 (i.:i!») M;ti (1.4(1) 1.42 (i.;ii;) i.:;ii (1.2-t) i.2(; (■'*•) .77 (i.\K) 1.21 (1..I4) .!)8 .7(1 .7(1 .S8 .no l.lti 1.20 .'.•2 .88 .88 .!!() .8« .84 .8(i .8.5 .04 .04 .!ia .9(1 .5t> .(id Menu. 0.954 0.!).-,(J 0.44 d.78 (Mi2 Ml (i.:i:i (Mill (1.47 li.(iii (1.84 (1.7.'-. (I. '.is 1.4.'-. l.;i'j ].2:f l.:i;) 1.24 (P.iis l.i'ii l.ls (l.tlil (1.74 1.112 ].(i|) (1.711 (i.si; (1.8.3 0.8(i 0.'.i2 (1.71 20.114:! October, 1857. 2!) InHics +. Moan Liit. 7.5^ 2 X., Lonpr. 070.9 ^v. 211. 41,. 4 .5 (I 7 8 9 111 11 12 13 14 l,'. li! 17 IS III -2ii 21 22 23 24 2s 2!l 3(1 31 .Oil 1.11 1.14 .O,") .(17 .S8 .Oii 1.12 1.27 1.08 .88 .82 .48 .(11 .71 l.di! l.dl! .78 .74 .!!(! .7.i .74 1.3(i 1.(12 1.(14 1.10 l.ls .88 .86 .01 1.13 1.12 .02 .(18 .89 .94 1.10 1.2!) l.(i(i .84 .81 .4.T ..'.O .71 1.10 1.04 .73 .74 .04 .34 .74 .70 1.3U 1.(13 1.08 1.08 1.18 .83 .82 (Jli. .(10 .02 1.10 1.1(1 .90 .(i8 .89 .O'l 1.10 1.2(1 l.d.') .80 .81 .30 .50 .72 1.1(1 1.(12 .(Is .7(1 .011 .2(1 .7') .82 1.35 1.(13 l.M\ 1.(17 1.19 .78 .80 8I1. .02 .04 l.lii 1.(18 .88 .74 .80 l.dO 1.10 1.18 1.04 .70 .8(1 .34 ..W .71 1.14 1.(14 .(18 .81 .!i4 .2(1 .77 .02 1.42 1.114 1 4.5 1.0(1 1.19 .7(1 .81 - lOii. Xoon. 21 Mean J 0.944 |o.03O : 0.91(i : 0.0-24 .71 1.00 l.Ki 1.08 .88 .80 .91 1.02 1.2(1 1.1(1 1.00 .82 .80 .38 .(10 .74 1.12 ].0(i .7(1 .8(1 .92 .24 .80 .09 1.4(1 1.70 1.44 1.13 1.22 .80 .86 O.O.'ib' .74 1.02 1.14 1.05 .8(1 .8(1 .02 1.04 1.24 1.12 1.08 .80 .79 .30 .60 .76 1.06 1.05 .(is .88 .02 .28 .82 1.07 1.48 1.70 1.38 1.12 1.20 .83 .88 .76 1.02 1.1(1 1.04 .78 .81 .02 1.04 1.2,-. 1.10 1.04 .80 .75 .42 .(14 .79 1.05 1.05 .60 .90 .87 .37 .83 1.13 1.50 1.(10 1.33 1.17 1.14 .86 .88 4h. 0.958 0.961 .78 1.07 1.18 1.04 .76 .87 .04 1.04 1.2S 1.12 1.03 .82 .74 .61 .70 .82 1.05 1.02 .74 .90 .81 .43 .83 1.20 1.56 1.70 1.26 1.18 1.13 .88 .88 .81 1.(16 1.20 1.06 .74 .87 .95 1.08 1.29 1.12 1.00 .83 .64 .5s .76 .86 1.08 .98 .74 .91 .75 .53 .so 1.2!l 1.56 1.71 1.28 1.20 1.10 .85 .90 0.076 0.085 8b. .84 l.oo 1.19 l.Oll .72 .90 .!I6 1.09 1.3d 1.12 1.01 .84 .62 .61 .78 .Od 1.(18 .9(1 .75 .94 .68 .6(1 .78 ].:i3 1.6(1 1.71 1.24 1.24 1.05 .86 .92 0.993 lOh- .86 l.ld 1.18 1.06 .70 .90 .06 1.1(1 1.32 1.14 .99 .85 .50 .62 .76 .80 1.06 .90 .76 .94 .60 .64 .74 1.34 1.60 1.70 1.19 1.23 l.od .89 .92 0.985 Midn't. I Jle.au, .0(1 1.11 1.16 .00 .60 .0(1 .97 1.12 1.32 1.16 .94 .S4 ..14 .(14 .74 .94 l.ds .85 .76 .95 .51 .7(1 .74 1.35 1.62 1.7d 1.14 1.20 .96 .88 .88 0.977 0.73 1.01 1.15 1.07 0.81 o.sd 0.92 1.03 1.22 1.16 1.03 0.s3 0.73 0.4s 0.66 0.80 1.08 1.00 0.72 (1.86 d.s2 (1.42 (1.78 l.OS 1.49 1.68 l.,37 1.15 1.13 0.84 0.87 29.959 OF Tin.: OnSKKVATIONS FOR ATMOSPIIERIf I'HICSHUKE. h;J November. 1857. j.Mn,.l,c.,s +. .M....„ ,..., ,, „, .v_ ...l.^'.'c, -^ ,,, ^'., Refers to 28 iiiclies. »4 p •* U K f () R I) AN I) U K I) i; C T I O N .-> KkaIiIMIH OK AnkHoM) lt.\Ho.Mr.TK.Il 177III „N iioAMDTIIE YacIIT I'OX January, 1868. 2'.) Indicn +. Mem l.ul. ta a X., Loi.g. fi8 '.7 W. !t 1(1 II IJ I:) 14 ir. ll! 17 IH 111 -(I ::i • to 23 24 a:i ■Mi 21 •is 'iU •M> 31 ah. .M .r>4 .aft *.n *»« !?» .nil .;«> .•n .:is .ii7 .M .72 l.4» MM .'.fi .(is 1.1:2 41,. ."I .!•■! '.'JM ♦.|i2 ..!4 .Ix .07 .'> .21 W .IIM .71 l..'>4 ].l:i .11(1 .IKI i.-j;i i l.lh 1.17 1 1.1(1 1.08 1 .•.'.- .2(1 .ill .114 .47 .4(1 .84 .78 .24 .24 .()(( .(18 .23 .23 .112 .ll.'i 1.2(i 1.2s 1.82 l.s4 a.li.-, 2.(13 Mean 0.725 , 0.712 ,it.7:iii rebruary, 1858. JMiicl.i-M-. Mean Lot. 7P.5 X., Lonp. riQo.O AV. 41,. OF Tirr 0|!8KUV.\TI0\S FOll ATMOSnilMUC I'UKSSUKK. 85 IlKMUvcscr .Vsmioiip ••.I'oMKTK.ii 17701 ON iKiAiii.TiiK V.\rriT F«>.\. March, 1858. 2l> Imnrs +. .Mmti Lai. tJ'j .4 N., Loii«. 6'J .1 W. ai.. 4li. 1.114 ^.|<•i 1 i.m l.o-l i.-i-i l.:i2 , .42 .411 i-r.4 l..'.H 1 1.04 l.ti.'. i.iiii I.IIS i.iii: l.-id l..');i 1..MI 1 -A^"^lj_^^^ ' -" '"'''^''* +• *^'""' I^"'- 60°. X., Lotiff. 570.7 W. 4h. 41,. fill. 81'- l.'Jl) 1.28 1.23 1.U8 1.07 1.(17 .ii:i .01 .il2 .88 .^8 .88 .7t) .7» i .82 i.;i(i 1.2.5 1.33 1 liij 1.2« 1.25 1.4:! l...« 1.(14 1.(14 1.(14 1.(12 ij,r, i.5H 1.51; l.M 1.52 1.53 1.88 1,88 1.88 1.4S 1.44 1.42 1.1" 1.08 1.08 .!lli .(18 .98 .!)() .92 .93 .74 .72 .71 .7.0 (.71) .74 .8« (."") .:i3 .'.n (.Ill) .91 .!H1 (.ICi) .'tli 1.20 (1.22) 1.25 1.10 (1.10) 1.11 (•'') (•'1"), (.(!.'.) .42 (.53) .(14 1.28 (1.3.5) 1.4! 1.58 (1.5JIV 1.(1(1 l.ti4 (i.iin), l.(I(i 1.3ti (1.35) 1..34 .(•3 (•!••!) i .94 1.144 I 1.1,54 l.lH(i I 1.1C8 ! l.li;4 I I 3(».151 * Uefurs to 28 iuchcs 86 RECORD AND REDUCTION 4. ,. JH, r.KAin.Ncjs OF AxERoin IIauometer 17701 on noAnn the Yacht Fox May, 1858. 29 Inches +. Mean hat. 68°. 7 N, Long. 53°. 7 w! 4ii. 8 !) Ill 11 12 in u I'l u; 17 is 19 2(1 21 22 23 24 2,') 26 27 28 2!) ;io 31 Mean .!):5 l.K) .77 l.d,") .>4 1.11 1.12 i.n; 1.18 1.10 l.U 1.13 l..')S l.iM 1a;-, L.IO 1.34 1.30 (1.1,5) I.UH l.lfi i.m 1.20 1.1.". 1.24 1.3!t 1.311 .9(i l.lili 1.16 1.204 SI.. .00 (1.0,1) >8 1.04 .S.5 1.14 1.1.1 1.17 1.1(1 l.oii 1.17 l.lil L.'-.S 1.116 1.74 l.."i8 1.4S 1.40 1.31 (1.14) 1.10 1.24 i.m 1.32 1.12 1.31 1.4.1 l.M .lis 1.07 1.16 Noon. 1.223 .fl.l .!t6 .116 1.02 .87 1.01) 1.21 1.22 l.lii l.U 1.20 1.24 1.(10 1.70 1.76 1..11 1.42 1.36 1.33 (1.13) 1.14 1.21t l.Ki 1.30 1.10 1.34 1.42 1.30 l.dO 1.10 1.20 1.229 41.. 81.. Midn't. 1.04 .79 1.06 .99 .98 1.11 1.21 1.24 l.os 1.13 1.19 1.38 1.(14 1.(18 1.70 l.,-.0 1.40 1.:!.') 1.26 (1.12) l.lS 1.26 1.16 1.2.'i 1.08 1.36 1.44 1. 10 1.00 1.13 1.18 1.1 B .73 1.08 .96 1.07 1.16 1.23 1.2,') 1.08 1.13 1.12 l.,10 l.(J5 1.(18 1.70 lJ>f\ 1.37 1.34 1.22 (1.11) 1.18 1.23 1.14 1.22 l.l.'i 1.40 1.34 1.09 1.00 1.14 1.14 1.22,') 1.230 1.20 .74 1.10 .94 l.U 1.13 1.21 1.22 1.08 1.18 1.14 1.59 1.66 1.6(1 1.62 1.54 1.34 1.30 1.16 (1.10) 1.17 1.14 1.18 1.17 1.18 1.38 1.3.'-) 1.00 1.01 1.16 1.12 1.222 June, 1858. 29 Ind ies +. .Mean Lat. 74°. 6 N., Long. 60°. 1 W 41.. 10 11 12 13 14 16 17 If 19 20 21 22 23 24 2,') 26 27 28 29 30 Mean 1.08 .99 .99 1.00 1.20 1.21 1.24 1.28 1.12 .94 .97 1.10 1.23 1.12 1.18 1.18 .90 .99 .94 .84 .80 .91 1.10 l.os .S4 .78 .48 ..')9 .80 1.20 nii.do.i 1.08 .92 1.08 .94 1.24 1.26 1.31 1.26 1.10 .90 .99 1.12 1.21 1.17 1.22 1.15 .94 .99 .91 .84 .78 .94 1.10 1.09 .88 .78 .42 .65 .91 1.26 30.015 Noon. 1.09 .90 1.20 .1(2 1,30 1.26 1.34 1.24 1.08 .90 1.02 1.16 1.18 1.22 1.19 1.12 .96 l.dl .91 .84 .82 1.01 1.08 1.09 .87 .78 .53 .74 1.00 1.29 30.035 41.. 1.05 .85 1.18 .92 1.32 1.26 1.28 1.20 1.05 .90 1.06 1.22 1.18 1.24 1.18 1.04 .99 .98 .HH .87 .86 1.06 1.16 1.07 .86 .68 .52 .76 1.06 1.29 30.032 81.. Midn't. 1.05 .88 1.15 1.03 1.34 1.25 1.28 1.18 1.00 .95 1,08 1.24 1.15 1.24 1 25 1.0(1 l.UO .97 .87 .86 .91 1.11 1.10 ].(i2 .86 .64 ,55 .81 1.20 1.21 30.039 1.05 .S9 1.13 1.1(1 1.29 1.28 1.2S 1.14 .95 .90 1.08 1.25 1.12 1.20 1.23 .96 1.04 .97 .86 .83 .92 1.10 1.10 .94 .82 .56 .57 .84 1.18 1.12 30.025 Mean. 1.03 0.91 0.97 1.00 0.95 1.12 1.19 1.21 l.U 1.12 1.16 1.33 1.62 1.67 1.70 1.54 1.42 1.35 1,26 1.12 1.14 1.22 1.17 1.24 1.13 1.34 1.40 1.19 0.99 1.11 1.16 30.222 Mean 1.07 0.90 1.12 0.99 1.28 1.25 1.29 1.22 1.05 0.92 1.03 1.18 1.18 1.20 1.21 1.07 0.97 0.98 0.89 0.85 0.85 1.02 1.11 1.05 0.S6 0.70 0.51 0.73 1.03 1.23 30.025 OP THE OBSERVATIONS FOR ATMOSPHERIC PRESSUR E. 87 Eeadi.vos of Aneroip BAROMETEa 17701 ON noARn TtiE Yacht Fov July, 18 58. 29 Inches +. Menn Lat. U^A N., Long. 7(;o.4 w' '4.; . 1 RECORD AND REDUCTION 1 2 4 r, (i 7 s » 10 11 12 13 U 15 l(i 17 IS 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2(i 27 28 29 30 Mean 1 2 3 4 5 (j 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Iti 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2tj 27 28 29 30 31 MlMll ItKAPiNds OF Ankuoiii I'.ahometf.r 17701 ON noAim tiif. Yacht Imix. September, 1858. '.".) Inches +. Mean Liit. 72 .0 X., Long. O40.4 W. 411. 8I1. 1.12 1.24 1.2(i 1.30 1.31 1.20 .88 .90 .97 1.19 1.20 l.lti 1.12 1.20 ].2(i 1.27 1.2,') 1.14 1.10 1.00 .72 .88 J:2 .75 .90 1.10 1.20 1.1,') 1.10 1.12 30.084 1.12 ].2.'-| l.:io 1.29 1.30 1.10 .84 .90 1.02 1.20 1.19 1.13 1.12 1.24 1.25 1.32 1.28 1.16 1.18 1.09 .72 1.00 .33 .90 1.02 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.20 1.10 30.105 Noon. 1.19 1.2'i 1.30 1.32 1.23 1.12 .94 1.10 1.20 1.20 1.17 l.lii 1.2s 1.29 1.31 1.23 1.12 1.18 1.0(1 .74 1.114 .32 .88 1.(12 1.12 1.3(1 1.10 1.20 1.01) 4h. 30.110 1.2,'; 1.24 i.;io 1.31 1.14 (1.(1(1) .81; .97 1.14 1.20 1.20 1.17 1.17 1.2s 1.29 1.3(i 1.2(1 1.19 1.20 .98 .72 1.03 .28 .98 1.(18 1.24 1.31 1.(14 1.24 1.04 81.. Midn't. 1.2s Mean. i 1.2(i 1.20 1.35 1.311 1.27 1.34 1.3(1 1.30 1.30 1.23 1.29 MS 1.1(1 1.22 (1.(10) (0.94) 1.07 .90 0.S8 .94 .90 0.94 1.15 l.ls 1.09 1.24 1.22 1.21 1.24 1.24 1.21 1.17 1.15 l.lti l.Ki 1.21 1.10 1.22 1.22 1.24 1.34 1.37 1.30 j-;iii 1.29 1.31 1.23 1.20 1.18 .94 .78 .90 .48 .98 1.08 1.24 1.30 1.14 1.20 1.02 30.118 30.127 1.11 1.12 1.09 .SO .84 .i;8 M) .9(i 1.(18 1.24 1.30 1.12 l.ls .98 30.107 1.24 1.15 1.10 0.98 0.75 0.92 0.44 0.91 1.(13 1.19 1.27 1.12 1.19 1.05 30.108 October, 1858. 29 Inclios +. .^ronn Lnt. 72°.0 X., Loiifr. 940.2 W. .88 .64 .68 .111 1.10 1.46 1.64 1.45 1.44 1.20 .42 .42 .74 .88 1.18 .82 .56 .82 .79 .38 .60 1.21 1.30 1.06 .72 1.2(i 1.34 1.24 1.10 .96 1.07 29.967 Sh. .62 .72 .6(1 1.22 I..54 1.68 1.45 1.44 l.lii .45 .50 .84 .88 1.24 .78 .62 .90 .76 .44 .70 1.20 1.38 1.00 .90 1.32 1.44 1.24 1.10 .96 1.19 30.007 Noon. .86 .72 .74 .s2 1.30 i.(;(i 1.70 l.-!s 1.40 1.11 .46 .55 .86 1.04 1.20 .70 .60 .98 .70 .48 .SO 1.32 1.35 .8(1 . 1.40 1.4(! 1.22 1.04 .92 1.20 30.026 4I1. .85 .72 .SO .94 1.38 1.62 .68 1.4S 1.38 .78 .41 .67 .86 1.(18 1.11 .66 .70 .98 .68 .52 .94 1.37 1.28 .80 1.(14 1.38 1.46 1.18 1.04 .!)(■ 1.20 Midn't. .80 .72 .80 .98 1.42 1.66 1.63 1.50 1.37 .63 .44 .73 .88 1.18 1.08 .(16 .73 .92 .60 .58 1.06 1.36 1.23 .79 1.04 1.37 1.42 1.22 1.(12 .96 1.18 .70 .90 .70 1.00 1.46 1.66 1.56 1.46 1.29 .48 .42 .75 .88 1.20 .94 .60 .82 .98 .46 .60 1.14 1.36 1.14 .74 1.24 1..36 1.34 1.16 1.(10 1.04 1.12 Mean. 29.998 30.031 30.016 0.83 0.72 0.74 0.83 1.31 1.59 1.48 1.47 1.39 0.S9 0.43 (i.iKI 0.S4 1.04 1.12 0.70 0.67 0.93 0.67 0.50 O.S7 1.30 1.28 0.87 0.98 1.35 1.41 1.21 1.05 0.97 1.16 30.007 OF THE CHJSEUVATIONS FOR ATMOSPHERIC PRE ESSURE. 89 liKADix.is oi- A.NKHdU) IJaiuimkteii 17701 ON BOAnn THE Vaciit Fox J^L^.'"^^!!ii^^ '•' ^'"-''"'■' +• ^^'^'''^ I''*'- '2°.0 X., Long. 94-2 W. December^58^292.ich cs +. .AFcan Lat. 72°. X., Long. n°.2 W. Noon. 2li. 4l>. 6i>. 811. lOli. MMii't. i.on ; 1.12 ].18 1.18 1.11.5 1.12 .ill! 1.00 1.12 1.13 1.1,5 1.12 1.01 1.04 1.00 1.00 l.Oli 1.04 .78 .74 .74 .74 .90 .»2 1.20 1.22 1.2(i 1.2(i 1.20 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.0.5 1.08 1.10 1.10 .!I9 .!)8 .81) .82 ..5« .02 1.00 1.03 1.10 1.08 1.0!) l.Oi) 1.14 l.lti 1.14 1.10 i.;si i.:is 1.72 1.75 1.44 1.40 1.14 i.m 1.18 1.18 1.0S6 1.092 1.10 l.l(i 1.02 1.01 1.18 1.10 1.0(1 1.01 l.Ol) .94 1.2(i 1.28 1.18 1.12 1.08 1.12 1.00 .79 .C(i 1.04 1.08 1.11 1.10 1.10 1.44 1.77 1.39 1.20 1.17 1.106 1.18 1.10 1.04 1.04 1.18 1.08 l.OO 1.04 1.01 .74 .78 .94 1.28 1.22 l.is 1.08 1.08 1.10 1.01 .72 .70 1.00 1.08 1.11 1.12 1.10 1.41 1.74 1.3.5 1.20 1.10 1.09.5 1.18 1.10 1.01 1.0.5 1.18 l.Oil 1.00 1.08 .98 .72 .80 .97 1.2ii 1.23 1.20 1.08 l.OO 1.10 1.00 .05 .70 1.08 1.00 1.12 1.13 1.10 1.50 1.70 1.32 1.21 1.12 1.094 1.20 1.04 .98 1.08 1.18 1.00 1.04 1.09 .90 .70 .82 1.00 1.20 1.24 1.20 l.OS l.Oli 1.08 1.00 ..59 .70 1.10 1.04 1,12 1.10 I.IS 1.55 1.70 1.30 1.22 1.11 1.090 1.211 1.00 .97 1.10 1.15 .9s 1.03 1.09 .92 .70 .85 1.00 1.24 1.22 1.19 1.07 l.OO l.OO 1.00 .,54 .Ml 1.10 1.03 1.12 1.10 1.18 1.53 1.08 1.29 1.22 1.10 1.081 Me.iii. 1.10 1.14 ].(K 1.00 1.14 l.lo 1.1 IS 1.03 1.114 0.78 0.75 0.91 1.18 l.L'J 1.19 1.10 1.00 1.10 1.01 O.SI 0.01 0.99 1.08 1.08 1.13 1.13 1.37 l.OS 1.44 1.19 I.JO 30.081 ^ h -.7 fr. 90 ..V i RECORD AND REDUCTION 1 2 3 4 5 ti 7 8 i) 10 11 12 i:i 14 l.-i 1(! 17 18 ].') 21 22 23 24 25 2(i 27 2S 29 3(1 31 Reapinos of Aneuoid ]3aromf,tek 17701 on hoard the Yacht I'ox January, 1859. 29 Inches +. Mean Lat. 72^.0 N., Long. 94°.2 W. 2h. 1.04 .7(1 .!tO 1.04 l.Oi! 1.4(1 1.24 l.li; 1.12 .no 1.32 1.44 1.32 1.13 1.24 1.41 1.2S 1.21 1.10 1.01) 1.00 .00 .88 l.Oi! 1.14 1.34 1.2l> 1.2(i 1.41 1.3!) 1..^0 1.04 .73 .!11l 1.0(1 1.0(1 1.4(i 1.20 l.K! 1.li(i .04 l.,'!2 1.40 1.30 1.10 1.22 1.38 1.28 l.Iil 1.10 1.04 .08 .88 S(i 1.04 1.1.5 1.32 1.24 1.2« 1.42 1.38 1.50 Moan i 1.172 1.158 February, 1859 1 1.46 2 1.23 3 .85 4 .00 5 1.08 li 1.23 1 1.22 8 1.30 it 1.21 10 1.24 n 1.10 12 .114 13 .45 14 .CO 16 .no ](i 1.04 17 l.lil 18 1.32 lit 1.52 20 1.40 21 1.25 22 I 1.40 23 1.44 24 i.5(; 2fl 27 28 1.27 1.24 1.23 .82 1.47 1.20 .81 .00 1.10 1.21 1.22 1.3(1 1.22 1.22 1.0() .(ill .4(1 .(10 .tm 1.02 1.19 1.32 1.48 1.30 1.25 1.3s 1.44 1. 50 1.24 1.23 l.ls .711 Mean 1.13,1 1.120 ].4(i 1.46 1.1(5 1.20 .78 .80 .65 .72 1.10 1.20 1.17 1.20 1.23 1.22 1.30 1 36 1.20 1.2(1 1.18 1.20 1.03 1.00 .5(1 .57 .48 .48 .«'. .(18 .90 .96 1.02 1.10 1.21 1.25 1 .38 1.38 1.4(1 1.52 1.25 1.30 1.25 1.26 1.3S 1.46 1.41 1.53 1.55 ■ 1.49 1.20 1.22 1.21 1.30 1.1(1 1.13 .75 1 .82 1.110 ^^^ic: OF THE ODSERVATIOXS FOR ATMOSPIIERI C PRESSURE. 91 Readings of Aneroid Barometer moi on board the Yacht Fox March.^59^9 IncI.es +. Mean Lat. 72O.0 N., Long. 940.2'w. 211. 4li. 1 6ii. 1 2 3 4 & U 7 8 !) 1(1 11 lli 13 14 in ]i; 17 18 10 20 21 22 23 24 25 2(! 27 28 2!) 30 31 .00 I 1.20 1.18 1.12 I 1.32 ! 1.47 I i.no j 1.2li 1.10 I 1.11 ! .82 .80 1.22 1.43 1.38 1.14 1.06 1.30 1.44 i i.r>ti I 1.70 i 1.78 ■ 1.70 I 1.48 1.32 1.54 ! 1.54 ! (l.filt) (1.50) (l.(iO) (1.73) .02 1.1!) 1.15 1.10 1 1.31 : i.4i; 1 1.47 ; 1.22 ', l.li() l.os .7t) .78 1.211 1.44 1.34 1.10 1.04 1.31 1.44 1.50 1.70 1.78 1.6ti 1.42 1.30 1.53 L.'iO (1.70) 1.54 1.59 ! 1.7: 8I1. .08 1 1.10 1.18 1 1.22 1.12 1.18 1.10 i.ii; 1.30 1.37 1.44 1.50 1.4li 1.4'< l.Ki 1.18 l.OiJ l.Ki l.Oi; 1.08 .94 .82 .80 .02 1.22 1.22 1.39 1.40 1.31 1.3i! 1.10 1.14 1.08 1.14 1.37 1.3(i 1.4IJ 1.48 1.58 1.68 1.78 1.76 1.78 1.80 1.64 1.68 1.42 1.46 1.30 1.38 1.54 1.58 1.50 1.54 (1.71)! 1.72 (1.5ti) 1.58 (l.i):i)i 1.66 (1.73) , 1.74 lOh- j Noon. 1.14 1.25 1.17 1.1s 1.40 1.53 1.46 1.17 ! 1.10 ! 1.06 .80 .92 1.32 1.45 1.32 1.12 1.14 1..38 1.48 1.68 1.76 1.^2 1.64 1.46 1.40 1.58 1.58 (1.70) (1.56) (1.66) (1.74) 2h. 1.14 1.28 1.17 1.19 1.40 1.52 1.47 1.16 1.10 1.04 .80 .94 1.35 1.42 1.34 1.1(1 1.15 1.42 1.48 1.68 1.76 1.82 1.61 1.44 1.40 1.58 1.59 1.68 1.54 l.C(i 1.75 I 1.15 i 1.27 , 1.15 I 1.22 I 1.45 I 1..53 1.46 : 1.16 I 1.09 i 1.04 .79 1.(12 1.32 1.42 1.29 1.09 1.16 1.40 1.50 1.69 1.75 1.82 1.58 1.40 ; 1.44 ' 1.56 I 1.59 ; (1.67) (i..5(;) (1.68) (1.73) 4II. 1.17 1.25 1.14 1.26 1.46 1.53 1.44 1.17 1.10 1.00 .79 1.05 l.,38 1.44 1.30 1.09 1.22 1.44 1.52 1.72 1.78 1.79 1.56 1.40 1.46 1.58 1.62 1.66 1.58 1.70 1.72 61'. 1.17 1.24 1.14 1.28 1.47 l.,54 1.42 1.16 1.11 .96 .79 1.1(1 1.42 1.44 1.24 1.1(1 1.26 1.44 l.,54 1.70 1.80 1.78 1.54 1.39 1.48 1.58 1.64 (1.68) (1.59) (1.70) (1.71) 81i. 1.18 1.22 1.14 1.29 1.46 1.53 1.39 1.16 1.14 .93 .81 1.13 1.43 1.44 1.24 1.09 1.30 1.46 1.56 1.70 1.82 1.78 1.54 1.38 1.50 1.56 1.68 1.7(( 1.60 1.72 1.70 lO''' Aliiln't. Mean. 1.20 1.22 1.12 l.:i() 1.46 1.53 1.36 l.li; 1.15 .90 .82 1.17 1.40 1.44 1.23 1.(18 1.32 1.48 1.5S 1.72 1.81 1.78 l..'-.4 1.38 l.,'i4 1.58 1.68 (1.67) (1.60) (1.72) (1.67) 1.19 1.20 1.12 1.32 1.49 1.54 1.31 1.14 1.13 .86 .80 1.21 1.41 1.40 1.19 1.06 1.32 1.44 1.56 1.72 1.80 1.74 1.52 1.38 1.54 1.58 1.68 1.64 1.61 1.74 1.64 1.10 1.23 1.15 1.21 1.41 1.51 1.44 1.18 1.1(1 l.dl 0.81 0.99 1.32 1.43 1.30 1.1(1 1.18 1.40 1.50 1.67 1.77 1.79 1.60 1.42 1.42 1.57 1.60 1.68 1.58 1.67 1.71 April, 1859^^!}Jnclies +. Mean Lat. f2o.o N., Long. 94°.2 W, 10 li 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Mean DAY. 1 fill. 1 2 1.56 1.27 3 4 1.17 .87 5 1.07 6 1.07 V .- gh. I llh. 1.(18 1.52 1.15 1.32 1.44 I..54 1.58 1.3(! 1.0!l 1.19 1.19 1.11 1.01 .98 .>^5 .85 .92 .75 1.04 1.19 1.15 .i)8 1.05 1.00 .8(! .78 .74 .88 l.os 1.14 8I1. i.i;9 1.50 1.15 1.34 1.4(i 1.58 1.51) 1.31 1.11 1.21 1.19 1.10 1.00 1.01 ..'•4 .82 .ill! .72 l.oi; 1.21 1.1(1 1.02 1.02 1.04 .88 .78 .78 .91 1.11 1.15 1.70 1.(18 1.44 I.31I 1.23 1.27 1.38 1.39 1.51 1.55 l.ilO 1.(12 1.5(i 1.52 1.29 1.24 1.13 l.ls 1.24 1.2(J 1.20 1.2(! 1.(19 1.08 1.02 1.01 1.00 1.00 .8(1 .85 .89 .90 .:i(i .:i() .()5 .73 l.Oll l.(i:t 1.18 1.14 1.10 1.02 1.03 1.0(1 1.03 1.01 102 1.0(i .Mi .88 .Si .79 .80 .85 .98 1.04 1.04 l.OK 1.15 J. 12 1.114 (1.111) At 4ii- 1.122 1.127 1.131 1.(17 1.29 1.32 1.39 1.50 1.U4 1.52 1.18 1.22 1.2(1 1.22 1.08 l.ol 1.00 .8() .92 .9(1 .85 1.14 1.07 .99 l.lMi .99 .98 .84 .77 .83 1.11 l.os 1.(19 1.130 1.55 1.21 1.33 1.40 1.58 1.(12 1.45 1.1(1 1.22 1.22 1.22 1.0(1 1.02 .94 .85 .91 .91 .92 1.1(1 1.08 .:iii 1.0(i .99 .92 .84 .77 .84 1.10 1.08 l.Oli 1.114 (1.109) At I211. JIlMll. 1.39 1.32 1.3(i 1.27 1.22 1.25 1.30 1.27 1.2(i 1.21 l.os l.(i2 1.00 o.:i5 0.92 0.82 0.S2 0.93 1.17 1.31 1.25 1.19 1.27 1.32 1.29 1.29 1.24 1.37 1.48 1.(12 l.tl9 30.222 30.219 Me.in. 1.(1(1 3.39 1.24 1.37 1.52 1.(10 1.53 1.2(i l.Ki 1.23 1.21 1.09 1.01 0.!I9 0.s5 0.88 0.95 0.77 l.o:» 1.15 1.0(1 1.03 1.01 1.00 0.8(i 0.78 0.81 1.00 1.07 1.12 30.123 30.122 J OF THE OnSERVATlONS FOR ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. ■ra * ItflVrs to 2-^ iiicliea. ...V m RECORD AND REDUCTION September, 1859. 29 Inches +. Mean Lat. 680.9 N., Long. 40° 9 W. 41.. 8h. Miilnight. 1.26 1.21 1.20 i.;;o 1.20 l.lli 1.114 .!I8 .90 .so .81 .80 .US .70 .73 .S7 .88 .90 ..*<{{ .sr, .80 .89 .94 .94 .S(i .88 .82 .81 .84 .89 .84 .94 .9(1 .118 .!)3 .ni; .92 .94 .90 l.iiO 1.24 1.30 1.01 l.:io 1.30 1.03 l.,'io 1.30 1.20 1.18 MS AhUthual Rca,Un.js of the Marine Mrrnrial Rn-ometer, heUcecn Se^,ternher 1857 Hud Ajinl, 1858. ' A description of the Marine Barometer adopted by Her Majesty's government m tl,e reconnnendation of the Kew Observatory Cornmittee of he BriSrWh tion for the Advancement of Seience, will be found in the appendix to tlie trur * Z; r ^^^^^^-"'"^-' ^^^--' P"^li«^-^ ^y authority of he Bo ^1^ S Rbapinos op the Mau.xk MK„cua,Ar, Ba„c.,etku, Ab.k Xo. 208, ox .oaud the Yacht Fox lleiKlit of cistern above the level of tlie .sea 4 feet — ^_i^_P_*^J"_^^L^^_L_5i"^''«« +• -'^'''*" ^^'- 7^°2 ^^^ Long. G50.3 W. RAY. 4I1. D.ir. Til. 20 21 22 23 24 2,') 26 27 28 29 30 Inch. o (1.033) (n,--,) (.i;40) I (1)2) (•421) : (4,'>) (.732) (1.042) (.,'581) (.720) (."to:et';ir:itrl>^' --' """"-^ '° '"» '-^'-^ -^ "■« -^- ^"-o".- The riMihnir Ihr 4 A. M., k'tween October 1 ami 20, bein.- wi„tl„„ «,. sapphed b, ,uea,. of diffccces of the aneroid rcadin,.! «r;«:d IZ ' "°" OF THE OBSEUVAT.ONS FOR ATMOSr„KR,0 PRES.nu.. Of) ''■'"■™"=e::;rT;;rr=---;-^^ *•., . >„-'" * Refers to 28 iiiolies ItECORD AND REDUCTION V •A" H i ■" --^ r IJEADINdS f)F THE MaIUNE M EncnuAi, IJAnoMETEn, Adie No. 208, n\ noARii THE Vaciit Fox. Deoombor, 1857 2!) Iiichus +. Meaii Lot. 74 \3 N , LoMj;, 67^.4 W. 4h. 8h. Noon. 4> 81 MianiKht, Monn. HAY. 1 llnr. Th. 1 Iliir. 1 Th. 1 llivr. 1 Til. liar. Th. liar. j Th. liar. 1 Th. llnr. 1 Th. llM'll. u hii'li. liicli. 1 llll'll. Ilirh. c llll'll. Iiirli. 1 1.22S 57 1,252 49 1.23C CI : 1.231 47 1.181 49 1.150 68 1.213 60.2 2 1.11:14 44 1.008 45 .970 62 ' ,925 61 1 .902 53 .8,53 67 0.959 5ii,3 a ."lis 40 .702 i 49 .700 01 ,000 62 j .032 52 .598 50 0.099 5ii.ll 4 ..'■.7i> 43 .528 42 .494 47 .520 51 ^ .52s 52 .47s ! 47 0.521 47.0 6 .4.-II 3; .410 4s .328 47 ! .2,s2 63 .182 55 .147 : 54 0.3110 49.0 li .llii 43 .(is2 41 .140 52 ,194 55 .278 51 .374 •i'2 O.190 49.11 7 .4.M) 43 .582 41 .712 4s i .775 .50 ..S47 51 .805 61 0.707 47.3 H .s.sil 45 .Sljs 44 .958 51 .904 54 1.023 50 1.055 59 0.958 61.5 !l 1. 111^1 45 1.112 50 1.134 1.126 5s 1.128 55 1.120 68 1.117 63,0 111 i.orjii 40 1.022 45 1.090 53 1.128 57 1.128 58 1.150 69 1.090 53.0 11 1.1112 45 1.100 48 1.185 50 ' 1.201 60 1.143 56 .999 50 1.142 51.7 12 ."till 48 .512 39 .433 50 .398 68 .359 69 .281 1 69 0.457 52.2 13 .iijii 48 .090 40 .109 49 .163 65 .199 57 .2mS 58 (1.103 51.7 14 .2si> 50 .315 48 .421 57 .449 50 .482 50 .508 50 0.410 53.8 in ..'il'.l 4s .510 40 .570 54 .597 64 .011 58 .0115 60 0.509 53.3 ll! ..'■is3 4i) .5s2 47 .5,s4 54 .018 68 .030 58 .018 69 0.004 .54,2 17 .M'.) 4!l .500 40 .02s 54 ,032 67 .054 69 .052 50 0.021 53,3 Is .(i31 47 .030 40 .089 58 ,082 01 .004 00 .0511 61 O.059 55.5 l;i .()3II 51 .042 52 .i7li 59 .872 00 .878 50 .820 69 0.770 50.2 2(1 .lilJ!) 48 .592 50 .505 68 .690 00 .030 01 .590 02 0.0117 60.5 21 ..'■)21 50 .550 50 .000 56 ,703 50 .759 69 .830 59 0.0711 55.0 .S3(l 48 .838 47 .841 55 .8,55 00 .sJ2 00 .815 00 0.S33 55.0 23 .73(i 48 .715 52 .732 54 .740 69 .824 59 .808 58 0.709 65.0 24 .S(ii) 48 .888 49 .938 57 .940 59 .948 02 .8S1 (13 0.911 60.3 2") .733 51 .Oil! 52 .590 53 .588 Oil .554 55 .641 60 0,004 54.5 20 .4SS 47 .488 49 .388 61 .400 60 .305 50 28'' 62 0,402 51.8 27 .irnj 44 .002 40 .000 54 ».990 59 *.940 69 ».948 01 0,016 63.8 2s *.ii4ii 50 *.922 40 *.s90 64 ».854 68 ».S38 61 ».830 59 ^O.-sl 54.7 21t *.S{IS 48 *.812 45 *.954 50 .098 59 .22:'. 59 .354 04 l'.i'41 55.2 30 .3!MI 50 .472 47 .504 58 .000 00 .044 02 .708 01 0.503 50.3 31 .702 4:1 .752 40 .774 58 .soil 04 .S20 61 .774 00 0.771 60,3 Mi-:iii O.(ilM) 40.9 0.592 Uo.b 0.017 53.3 0.032 50.5 0.040 50.8 0.033 57.5 (1.020 53.0 At 23= 29.5C0 29.544 29.552 29.5 58 29.5 J6 29.5t 29.555 J anuary, 18 58. 29 Inches -\ h. Me nn Lat. 73= i !\., Long. 63= 1 Vf. 41.. Sh Noon. 4h 8l> ■Miiliii(,'ht. Me.in. DAY. liar. Til. Bar. 1 Th. liar. Th. nar. Th. liar. Tl.. liar. Th. Har. Th. llirli. Im-li. Inch. IiiHi. Inch. , Inch. Iiirh. 1 .74(i 42 .712 45 .080 59 .038 68 .505 03 .409 02 0.035 64. S .3sl 48 .380 40 .418 00 .416 01) .370 00 .291 02 0.377 60.11 3 .l.M 48 «.984 48 ».830 59 *.788 03 *.7.54 63 *.771 04 *0.8S1 67.5 4 *.778 51 ».792 45 *.84S 00 *.850 58 *.940 5!l .030 (111 *ii.S75 55.5 r» .1011 49 .142 47 .172 68 .127 (10 180 Oil .070 04 0.110 60.3 (i .012 55 *.90« 51 •.982 50 ».980 GO * 974 59 *.950 58 *0.978 50.5 7 *.!I2,') 47 *.942 44 .020 52 .078 67 ,120 (10 .100 01 0.041 ,53.5 8 .140 4s .142 47 .144 52 .127 55 .141 57 .110 68 0.134 52.8 ;i .(iiiO 48 .098 40 .137 68 .159 01 .191 61 .202 02 0.14! 50.11 111 .24,-) 52 .250 50 .331 65 .377 55 .451 50 .495 50 0.358 54.0 11 .513 48 .542 44 .012 52 .031 59 .087 !i9 .090 00 0.014 53.7 12 .(iil2 48 .074 49 .702 50 .712 58 .704 58 .030 50 (i.Osl 54.2 13 .tM 4)< .510 48 .020 02 .791 HI 1.001 60 1.228 03 (1.785 57.0 14 1.3liO 52 1.432 48 1.510 59 1.420 65 1.2,54 68 1.098 69 1.346 50.2 If) l.OiiO 4s .890 49 .844 59 .835 58 .818 69 .800 04 0.800 57.4 M .7(10 50 .090 48 .6,54 CO .022 59 .047 62 .091 61 0.077 58.0 17 .700. 49 .738 48 .750 59 .702 58 .808 (10 1.015 62 o.soo 50.(1 Is 1.037 49 1.002 40 1.093 55 1.098 59 l.OSl 02 1.038 58 1.O08 54.8 1!) 1.038 47 1.002 45 , I.OSO 58 l.lOO 59 I.IOS 69 1.055 (11 1.004 54.8 20 .1124 48 .798 45 i .715 54 .010 58 .449 58 .203 58 0.627 53.6 21 .050 4(i .010 44 i .151 50 .348 68 .580 58 .727 01 0.311 53.8 .770 49 .792 45 .852 54 .705 65 .601 54 .421 53 0.710 51.7 23 .2Uii ; 43 .400 40 .549 53 .710 55 .790 67 .74s 50 0.578 50.7 24 .(;45 , 45 .532 43 1 .448 61 .313 53 .134 50 .095 63 0.301 49.2 25 .0:18 j 43 .002 48 ' .070 50 .008 64 ».;)47 53 ».912 53 O.OIC 50.2 2i) *.n2u 1 44 .032 42 .125 62 .189 52 .180 50 .123 rj 0,097 50.0 27 .O.s5 i 44 .136 i 42 .300 53 .460 54 .005 65 .720 60 0.383 51.3 28 .7112 1 40 .840 1 43 .908 52 .957 53 1.015 53 1.048 55 0.928 50.3 211 1.120 1 44 1.170 ; 42 1 1.325 51 1.449 57 1.650 64 1.024 68 1.374 51.0 3ii i.iioii : 44 1.758 : 44 I.SSO 53 1.973 67 1.942 68 1.907 61 l.si;4 52.8 31 1.8!H! : 50 1 1.722 ; 48 ! 1.020 57 1.422 01 ■ 1.238 58 1.130 50 1.505 65.0 Mtan At 32'^ 0.5(jl , 47.5 1 0.550 45.8 0.593 1 55.0 0.004 57.4 0.008 58.0 0.599 59.0 0.587 .54.0 29.511 29.510 20.521 29.5, n 29.5;: 29.51 9 29.620 * Ueli'i'S to 28 iiii'lioii. O !■• T II E (J I! S K K V A -r I t) N S I ' O I! A 'I' M O S i'iii;i:ic riiK.ssuKi;. i>7 ItEAi.i.N... t.irriH Maiiink MEuciniAr, lUnoME' February, 1858. 29 Inches + Trn, Amf, No. 20^ „.v muitr) thk Ymht 1m,x -Muaii Lot. 71°.5 N., Long. CO'-.U W. 8h. MMn ^ht. nar Th. lliir, 1 Th. lui'h. o .1»2(1 54 .8-|(l r.'i .ii74 SB .flilO fi-* .fi«i) 1 f.U Mh nil .(iii 1 611 MS (i-j ..'jna 1 filt .48(1 lii .;!;iii ' «1 .Ms i;:! .ii'.i:; ■ fi8 .714 i;i .u: 1.4llli .Kl 7 1.820 52 8 1.412 48 !) 1.3,-,0 .lo 1(1 .7Sti 47 11 *7i;2 .')2 lli *.:mi7 .1 2 Hi .3.'-,0 M 14 .4:;o .lii 1-) .043 47 ii; .^.■|2 ,10 17 1.01)0 4S IS .!UitJ ,10 1!) .i;2s 4(1 20 .748 47 21 .r.3i fi4 22 .430 4,1 23 .384 fiO 24 1.2.12 (iO 25 1.282 48 2(i 1.377 47 27 1.480 41 28 1.422 4(! 2i) l.,3(:2 fi2 311 1.3.12 42 31 1.102 4IN(W ti!' TIIK .M.\l;INl: MiMlcllllU, April, 18D8. - ■ Iiiclics l''.M10MFTEn, Ami; So. 'JdS, ON lloAUI>TIIK VacIIT !•' + . Muaii Lilt. 74^.1) \., J.oiiff. r,H\H W. 41. »W. Sh, Utti til. 1 •i :i 4 r ii 7 H II 1(1 11 Vi v\ 14 15 llJ llH-ll , Ik I'll. l.iiriS 47 1.(1711 .114 i 4S .»74 ."■M V> .hiia .TM 44 .7l!M .(174 48 .B!l4 .744 fil .8!ia l.Ml! 48 i.rii) .'.IMI 48 .«:.2 1.7.'-. 1 47 l..'.(;2 l.;)7o 48 i.;)!i4 l.Hds fid l.lt.VJ i.r,i« (i2 1 1.1)47 l.:,iiH 4s 1.48(i l.lnl) 48 .11^0 .KM Bo .7>J .74J 48 : .74s r-:! fil! .111 s;i 48 .1:1 .Mi .14 n7 4x ."•lli >'oon. 4»i. liar. nar. Th. »li. MMnlglit. IlHr. Ill I'll. l,o.s;i • IID.s .7im .7(14 .i!04 1.(1(1(1 l.l:i(J 1.1174 L.'ilKI l.ll.Sll l.:i!Mi 1.711 1.4:i.'5 .!>il(l .7s(i .74s 64 fill 48 6:1 4s fil fil 6h 4'J CI fill no .'.4 fill c. iiii'ii. i.iiy ,!i;i(i .777 .7.'i-' .(lis l.liill 1.11(1 l.-J(14 1.. '11111 l.llsil l.:is4 1.7:J4 l.ii'r. .1144 .711(1 .7;i8 fill fid .'id 48 411 r,:i '.>\\ fi4 fill .'iS ,'iS B.J fin B7 B!l Imli. l.dild .!i:!4 .77(1 .7:!.s .(l.'iS 1.1 (11) l.(i>.ii 1.4SJ 1.4(1J l.ltss l.Hiia ].7:;:i l.li.ls .!):)2 .8(14 .7(11) Til. Iliir. Mtmii At 33= l.((»4 \ 48. s 1.1171 r,3,:j , i.i„,j ;,; 30.030 I 30.U04 .14 fid : Bl) { .'•2 I B4 i u-i fill fill fili fis ' B8 fill BO fi7 I (13 01 ' llllll l.ddit .808 .704 .71(1 .011(1 1.171 l.(i4d l..'i70 1.4.'4 l.Dlld 1.4J2 1.(17:) l.lidj .ilJO .M7 .71.S Mcnn. Iliir ).:i ! l.dii3 .14.4 i.omi BO.l l.d!):) fi8 Bl 4M fill fill B8 (11 111 02 Bs fill fi8 fia HI fi7.3 30.(119 30.023 3(1.02 3(1.01(1 llllll. 1.07:) BII.B d.llMl B2.7 d.7hS 4!i.:i d.7t;i .')d.7 O.iMd .VJ.d 1.(128 Bl.O 1.1117 B2.7 1.221 ,VI.K l.BilS I"' ^ l.llso 50.2 l.ltMl B0.7 1.(100 .'■■7.8 l.H7!» B5.:i (i.li7.'> Bit. 8 d.8ii2 BO. 11 d.74:) BO.,'. 1.088 B3.a 30.020 FmST YkAU. IlEnAPnTLATKiX ,.K MkAN ItEAmN.I. ruoM T.,E PUErP.DTN.l UKCnun .1, THE AneUOIU i.AU».METEB, ,N«. 17701, from Scptcmljcr, 1857, to September, 185S. .V. Lul. \V. L.I 7B-\3 (IBi.O 7B.2 07.il 74.8 o;m 74. ;i 07.1 7;). 2 :.,).7 71..'-. (10.11 011.4 Bll. 1 llil.d B7.7 (:n7 ) B3.7 74.0 ild.l 74.4 Ti'.4 73.1 I ^.-.u CB.8 8I1. loll .!128 21(.!l33 2i).(l40:21l .Hill 211.1124 211. IIBII ~i\\ .s4d 211. sail 'JlLSi;;! :;:i 74s 211.742 211.71II1 t\). 702 211.7(11 211.7:111 21t! s:!li 21l.sH:i 211.808 J;i, 07:) :io.d8ii :!o.l2ii lio. 137:10.14s 30.15:! lio] Second Year.-Kecapitvlation op Mean REAmx.is fro>: the ruECEn • ..v- .11, the Aneuoid JUHoMEtER, Xo. ITTOl, from .Ve.itemher, 1S5S, to September, 1859. ' At 1 ort kciineily: Lat. 72=0 X., Long. <)4=.2 AV. lid.loB .-id.lKi' 10.110 ;jo.o2(l ■'■>.224 :'0.2i;3 ;!o.27:'! 3o.27o aooBn .s.. cT.ii OitdluT "l> 1 (;:i,i iVnVclllht'r »7i.:. 1:7.4 ' (i:i.7 r,ii.i l-.-s I*<'fciiiln}r .'.'iim.iiy l''i'liiiinry Marrh ■,4.;» ' 1;-.'^ -Aiuil Sli. i:ii.7u4 :t(i.(i;iii i:M.ii4:i i;ii.7iii HI'.:. 1 1 •Jil..')!!) i;ii.r)4ii i!!l.^7:i .ill. Ill 14 •Vooa, I'lrli..*, J!».74H ::'.i.i;42 ::;i.ri74 ;ii',(ii',i 4h. su. ::ii.i;72 i::i.7ii4 :;!i.ti74 2:i..'i.'i'* 2!t..Vi7 :!ii.,-i7;t 211. --l^ ;iii.iiii 2im;.".s 2il,r»!0 21M174 2!i.riMi •Jii.'-liii 3ii.ii'J.'i Ml.ln't. 2!i.*)4ll afl,7'i" 2ll.(,.i 2'.i..'irM. 2il..'illi 211.5(12 2!).s,«l oiMili) ii 211.. 2!i.' 21M '..'lai ,ni« ComparkoH of (he Jiead;n aions of the aneroid l.aron.i cndei to give the rca.hng.s obtained fro.n th, nicrcurial barometer, refc. . 3 of tcn.porature. 1 h,.s correction is necessar: -v independent of the temperatu the.e xMug no thennon.etnc readings in connect, m with the aneroid : any co.ist: o rect.on lor ddlorenoe of level between the tu , instrun.eut,s is iraeluded . ^"rbdl'tr r '" r"^-"J'"^' ^-^'■^-- ^ -^ the .... da,, and hou. cacli Uenig the mean of si.K observations a di'.y. Table of comparison of corresponding mean read ng.s of the mercurial and the aneroid barometer, and resulting correction to the latter. I'ATE. MiTcuriiil. ls.'')7, Soptomlier 21i.{|,-,4 Outdlicr 211.714 Niivcmlier 2n.(i,^(i Dcci'tiilier '2'.iJ>r,r, I'TiS, ,FalUl;\|y 2;».r)::o I'uliruary 2ii..'-i(;.') March 2lt.^^l April 30.U20 Mean Aiieroiil. IlKli.... 2Sl.*78 2!).!i.'i!l 2ii.fii;.'i 211.771; 2l).7:;!) 211.7112 30.1(1.^, 30.245 .1/-^ A iTI.ll. —11.224 -11.215 11.221 '1.2111 - 1.227 - '.224 - 1.225 - .221 These differences appear remarkably regular, and show that the moan monthly Hading.s of the aneroid may be relied on to one-liundn 1th of an inch There readiro?ttT ^^"^^r"^''-"^ f '"°^ ""' ^ ^'^^P'^"^'"" •" ^^- ^"■^''-' - lo- re ading of he barometer, nor is there any variation due to changes in temperature The correction to the aneroid readings to refer them to the corresponding reading.s ' The mean of 11 dnys, from Sept. 20th to 30th. » The mean of 21 day.s, from Feb. 1st to 9th, atul from Fol.. Htl. to "'ith 1 he mean of IG ila^s, from April 1st to IGth. .r-ii '^m 100 K E C O 11 D A X D i; E D U C T 1 N Z -> ^ of ihe niorciiriiil Laromotor i.s, tliorofuiv, — 0.22 iiiclio.s. This qniintity, strictly speaking, is coinpo.socl of two parts; the first, the true iiulox error of tiie aneroid, and the second, the specific difference of the two instruments in diHerent latitudes, the mercurial harumeter (weighing a mass of mercury against a mass of air) being independent of a change of gravity, whereas tiie aneroid barometer is sensible to any increase of gravity as we proceed to the northern high latitudes. Witiiin the limits of latitudes GG°.0 N. and 75°.3 N. this variation amounts to 0.014 inches; and its greatest diflerence from the mean, say in latitude 72°.0 N., is, therefore, + 0.008 inches. This quantity being smaller than the uncertainty of the results by the aneroid, I have considered it as a correction that can safely be neglected. The formula h = J>,,, (1 — 0.0020 ms- 2 . MMii't. Mo.Tii. N. Llll. W, I.ouf. MoXTlt. 1 4I1. 7.r-.3 71..') (JlJ.O (i.l^O (ill. 9 .'•.7.7 ]S,'i7, Si'ptemlier \K>H, l'"el)ni.iry 1>08, Aiinl 29.707 29.i;21 29.930 29.71.') 21l.(jli9 29.922 29.727 29.1)48 29.923 29.732 29.(i.'i3 29.922 29.72S 29.(i.';8 29.939 29.728 29.(i32 29.93() 29.723 29.(137 29.929 The following comparisons were made for the purpose of ascertaining how near the mean of and 12 okservations a day approximate to the true daily mean as derived from liourly observations. Tlie following mean hourly readings, taken for 15 days between .lanuary G and January 22, 1858, are taken from the record; also the means for 7 days in January, 1859, and for 15 days in July, 1851). (Of these ob,servations I find only the results recorded.) OF THE OBSERVATIONS FOR A T M S I' If E R I C PRESSURE. l()l Januauy, 1858. For 15 Day.s. Ilonii A. M. I Bur. 2!).7-lfi .7:i;i .724 .718 .7m .7mi Iloirn A. H[. I?nr. IIoi.-ii P. M. 7 8 (t 1(1 11 Noou 29.(;!)7 .ti!t,5 .7(1.5 .722 .7:ii .737 nnr. 2n.7;is .742 .748 .7.''i8 .774 .778 Iliinn r. M. 7 s 9 10 11 llidii't Biir. 21l.7f'2 .7>7 .7!Mi .71)2 .7!m; Moan of 24 observations a day . 29i"..74i; .741) From tlio oven hours, .748 including noon and midnight, and at eiiual intervals. January, 1859. For 7 Days. Iluni a.m. li.ir. ;!(t.(i:!7 .(I2!l .(120 .1113 .(idli .0(13 IIucR A. M. Bar. Hour P. M. Bar. Horn P. M. 8 SI 10 11 Noon 30.020 .047 .O.ID .(iri3 • O.IO .040 30.040 .031! .043 .O.'il .or.3 .0.^)1 7 8 9 10 Jl Midn't Mean of 24 observations a day " " 12 " " Bar. SO.O,"!! .('.■iO .049 .039 .040 .043 30iu..o;i8 .038 From the even hours, .041 " " " " and at wiual intervals. July, 1859. For 15 Days. l[()i II A. ,M. Bar. lloi'ii A. M. I Ba Horn P. JI. 30.012 .012 .011 .018 .021 .02li 7 8 9 10 11 Noon 30.040 .0(il .071 .072 .073 .OUG Bar. 30.087 .(19s .094 .(i>0 .071 .00.') Iloun P. M. 7 K 9 10 11 Midn't Mean of 24 obso-vationa a day " " 12 " <• " " (i ■ ihe first part comprising the results in BafTin Bay, from .September, 1S57, to Augu.st, 1858, inclusive, and the .second part, the results at Port Kennedy ft-om September, 1858, to August, 185'J, inclusive. For greater convenience the results by the aneroid have been reduced to the results by the mercurial barometer, by the application of the correction — O'- 221 The readings for the hours -1, 8, 12. A. M. and P. M., for the first eight months between Sept. and April, were taken from tiie preceding abstract of the mercurial barometer (the readings in Sept. February, and April from the table containing the referred means). All tabiilnr numbers Jbr the same eight months, at the hours p 0, 10, A. M. and P. M., are derived fn.m the readings of the aneroid barometer by interpolation by means of difi-erencesj thus to obtain the reading at 10 A. M in September, we have — ' Aneroid reading at 10 A. M. 0.01.3 greater tlian at 8 A. M. Mercurial baro- meter i-eading at 8 A. M. = 20.715, hence at 10 A.M. = 29.728; again, aneroid at 10 A. M. O.OOo smaller than at noon. Mercurial barometer at noon 2U 727 hence at 10 A. M. = 20.724, and the resulting mean from the comparison of the preceding and follownig liour becomes 29.720 as given in the table. The annual mean for the hours 2, G, 10, A. M. and P. M. is obtained in a similar manner; thus, for 10 A. M. we have: From 8 month.s, Sept. to April, mean at 10 A. M., the reading 0.020 greater than at 8 A. M. or = 29.731 + O'^O- it is also O.OOG gTeater than at noon or = 29.71.3 + O.OOG; the mean of the two values IS 29. /uO as given in the table. Diurnal variation of (he atmospheric pressure during the year fi'om September, 180/ to August, 1858, in mean latitude 72°.5 N., and mean hmiritude 05°.8 W • nearly in the centre of BafTin Bay. 29 inches is to be added to the tabular numbers. MCIXTII. 21.. 41.. .707 .724 .(i:il ..ItiO fill. .710 .70!1 .030 .547 81.. 101.. 1 Noon. 21.. 4ii. (111. .730 .7()2 .080 81.. 101.. Mi.lu't. 18,07, Sopt. Oct. Nov. Dec. .713 .727 .032 .508 1 .71,1 1 .71ii ' .(13G 1 .144 .72(1 .747 .0(11 ..1,18 .1)30 .(144 .,>-87 .028 .727 .748 .(142 .730 .7,10 .0,14 .511 .520 .040 .880 .920 .732 .704 .074 .728 .700 .074 .727 .755 .007 .728 .750 .047 18.18,.Tan. Feb. Mar. April May ..107 .(:2.'j .87.1 .1131 ..111 .1121 .880 .030 .ns4 .78ri ..104 .IU4 .8(11) .920 .,110 .(Jolt .872 .922 1.003 .79,1 .741 .521 .(148 .809 .923 1.009 .527 .053 .894 .922 1.005 .506 .532 .058 .890 .925 .500 .530 .058 .890 .939 1.010 .506 .524 .048 .S90 .940 .550 .519 .032 .881 .930 1.002 .Iiilv .72.1 .815 .745 .721 .743 .812 .751 .743 .753 .819 .805 Aug. Mean .1)97 .711 .7,14 .740 .729 .727 .730 1 j .726 .731 .756 .743 Comploted ) mean J .733 .750 .745 .750 .753 The table of bi-hourly means tor the second group was obtained from the general recapitulation of result, by subtracting 0.221 from each mean to reduce it to the reading of the standard marine barometer, and by referring the incomplete means at the lK)ur.s 2, 0, 8, A. M. and P. M., to their corresponding value for a complete series of 12 values by a process similar to that explained in case of the preceding table OF Tin.: OIISKllVATIOXS FOR ATMOSPiH.:Klc I'ltESSUUE. 103 Diurnal variation of the atmospheric pressure duriu- the year IVoin September 18.J8, to August, ISoO, at Port Kennedy, in huitude 72^0 N, and longitude 94° li W 2U inches is to be added to the tabular numbers, which, as well as the pre- ceding tabular numbers Ibr 1857-S, should be considered as reduced to the tem- perature 32° (Fahr.). lull. Micln't. .88ii .7!!.') 1.04!) I.ii4:i .Slil) .SilO .!)S() .:i7:t .!i:;;i .:il!i l.lSii 1.17.1 1.1 ri3 i.iao .SftS .682 Jul .723 .1)2:) .934 These results, when expressed analytically by means of Bes^^el's form of periodic functions with application of the method of least sriuares, become— 1. For Bafhn Bay, 1857-1858— Inches. h = 21).743 + 0.013 mi {0 + 5°) + 0.004 «m (20 + 159°) 2. For Port Kennedy, 1S5S-1859— Iiu'hes. h = 29.925 + 0.021 sin {0 + 22°) + 0.009 6m (20 + 150°) 3. For Van Rensselaer Harbor, 1853-54-55, for comparison— Inches, b = 29.705 + 0.003 s!n {0 + 290°) + 0.002 sin (20 + 204°) In which expressions the angle counts from noon at the rate of 15° an hour Ihe comparison of the observations with the values deduced by the formuja) is shown in the loUowmg two diagnim.s, in which the ob.served values are indicated by dots. Dk'k.v.m, VAui.vn„.v »K ATvosniKiiir IMu.:s..ruii ,.N- liAFi-i.v lUv. Lulituilo 72''.5 N. i!9.7li8 (13 . ' "~ ^ ' ■ 1 —.-^ -' » r — .18 • fi3 - • ^^^1^ • 48 ■ • ^'' ■^ ^"n^ 29.743 y^^ \ — 38 33 ♦V : 28 23 2n 7ifl \. ■—— — ''^ -i ^ -_. • ^■™ Midu't 2 4 6 8 10 Noon a - 1 4 ( G 8 10 Mi dii't :>.: 104 RECORD AND REDUCTION .8115 - 10 Koon 1(1 Jliiln't llio^e curves have in common a maximum at about 7i P. M., and a minimum ;it about 4i A. M.; the hour of maximum at Van Ptoussehior Harbor was 10 P. M , ulRM-eas a minimum at 4 A. JI. is hardly perceptible at this place. A secondary maximum is planily indicated at Port Kennedy about noon, and a secondary mini- nunn about 2A P. iVI., which secondary minimum seems to correspond with the prmcipal minimum at Van Eensselaer Harbor at li P.M. aiie range of the diurnal lluctuation of the barometer is as follows :— 1. In Bum 11 l?iiy 2. At Port Keiinody . ii. At Van Kens.SL'liiLT lliulior 0.028 inclies. 0.04S " 0.010 " TIenco, between latitudes 72°.2 and 78°.G, there is a diminution in range of 0.028 niches, at this rate, the diurnal lluctuation would become insensible (be less than 0.001) in about 81° north latitude. The following table of observed bi-hourly means is added for convenience of reference and for comparison : — 4 6 8 10 NiKin . 4 (i 8 III -Miiln't . Mean Bnffln Eiiy. Port Kennedy. Vnn Rpn.s^olner Lat. 72 .5. Lilt. 72 .0. ijiit. 7tr.r>. 29.733 . 29.0(10 29.7G5 .TSO .897 .766 .720 .894 .t66 .731 .923 .T68 .750 .935 M^ .743 .933 .T68 .745 .930 .t59 .753 .939 .708 .750 .940 Ml .751! .948 .TOO .753 .934 .?Tt .743 .925 .708 29.743 29.925 29.705 AiiiiiKtl Vdrtation nf ihc Atmospheric Pressure. The mean monthly height of the barometer is obtained directly from the pre- ceding iablcs, showing the diurnal fluctuation, by applying to the monthly mean OF THE 0J3SERVATI0NS FOR ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE. 1()5 U.e correction for i„,lox, +0,007, and the ro.lnction to the level of (he .ea, +0,005. 10 the table I have added for con.parisuu tlie values for Van Ilensselaer Harbor (also referred to the level of the sea by applying +0.005). Monthly Mean Readings of tue Barometeh at the level of the Sea, and at .'32 - Fai.r. Month. .Tnminry Fulii'iinry , jMiirt'h , April -Alay June July August September October . Xovcmbcr . December . Mean 1357-8. Baffin liny. Lnt. 72'. 5. 2n..'J32 2',(.C4y 29.8!)3 29.940 *30.014 29.81? 2n.'i53 29.730 29,735 29.750 29.005 29.570 l,S,iS-!t. Port Konni'ily. Lilt. 72 .0. 29.979 29.933 30. 1 73 *3().179 30.010 29.913 29.704 29.741 29.899 29.798 30.052 29.872 isj.i, -s-i, ■;,-,. Van Iii>n.«selii(jr. Lut, 78 .0. 29.773 .848 .m .903 *.942 .Tlf .til Mi .T56 .?«§ 29.753 29,755 29938 29,775 It_ should be remembered that the monthly means in the first column were obtiuned while the ship wa.s drifting and sailing in BalTin iJav, on which account the annual fluctuation may not appear as plainly as if the ship had been stationary in the middle latitude 72°.5 N. "^ _ The maximum in each series has been marked with an asterisk (*) • it occurs either in April or May. The occurrence of the minimum does not a-rrc'e at these stations; in Baffin Bay it occurred in January, at Port Kennedy in'julv and at Van Rensselaer Harbor in September-showing plainly that more observations am required to fix the season or month in which it takes place on the avera'-e ' ' The preceding monthly values arc represented by the formuUo :— '° ' 1. For Baffin Bay, 1857-8— B= 29.755 + 0.155 sht {0 + 304°) + 0.11.3 s!n {20 + 23G°) (Greatest difference between an observed and computed value = 04 inoho«^ 2. For Port Kennedy, 1858-59— ' ^' Ii= 29.938 + 0.137 s!n {0 + 17°) + O.IOG s!n {20 + 232°) (Greatest difl'erence between observed and computed values; in October —0 1^ in November, +0.11). ' ' 3. For Van Rensselaer, 1853, '54, '55— 5= 29.775 + 0.079 sm {0 + 4°) + 0.044 sin {20 + 194°) Expres,«ed in inches, and counting from January 1st, and at a rate of 30° a month The computed annua range, or the difference between the highest and lowest monthly mean, is as follows :— lowcst Baffin Ray . <• Port Kennedy Van Rens,sclacr U 0.44 inches. 0.41 " 0,21 " KM) r. E C O It D A N D l\ K I) U C T I O N Ffikinu; llio nioiin of tlio oxprossions for tlio throe stations, the foHowintr formiilii fiinii.sli the type-curve for hit. 71°.l N., mid Ioh.lc amiudl viiiiiition of the iitinospheric j)ressiiro : — liwhvf. 77°.0 W., 'br the iflnnxd aiid /> = 2!).82:J + 0.012 ,shi {() + UCn + 0.00? shi {20 + 171°) n= 29.82;) + 0.124 .s-m {0 + 318°) + 0.088 sin (20 + 221°) i^«f L i Diurnal Extremes. The Irregular oscillations from day to day are suhjcct to an annual variation, as oxliihitod in tlie followiiiji; table of average differences in the atmospheric pressure on consecutive days. The daily changes were made out, irrespective of sign, and were ol)tained from the comparison of the daily means of the aneroid readings. To the two localities— IJaffni llay and Port Kemiedy, I have added, for com- parison. Van Rensselaer Harbor, and also a column for a mean of the three localities. 18. 7-S. IS.IS- 9. 1,S.M, '51 , '55. Uuflin liny. Port Konnoily. Van Uen.3 oiner. Mean. 72'.,')N. Lat. 72',() N Lilt. 78 .fi N Lfit. SrplcmlK'i' . . 0.17 iiches. 0.12 inches. 0.11 ini lies. 0.13 inches October . 0.19 o.ai 0.15 0.18 2s'ovcinl)(;r . . 0.22 OM o.n 0.18 December . . 0.21 o.tt 0.26 0.20 Jammry . 0.2G 0,11 0.17 0.18 Fcl)riinry . . 0.20 0.16 0.2G 0.21 Alarch . 0.22 0.12 0.17 0.17 A pril . 0.19 . am 0.12 0.1 fi May . . 0.10 am 0.14 0.10 .luiio . . 0.12 OilO 0.10 0.10 .Inly . . 0.08 0.14 0.09 0.10 A ni,'ii.st . 0.11 o.ia 0.10 0.10 Jleaii . 0.17 Oi,iSi 0.15 0.15 In Baffin Bay the progression is more regular than at Port Kennedy; the mean from the two stations compares very favorably with the result deduced from Dr. Kane's observations. The oscillations in the winter months are twice as great as those in the summer months. Tiie larger variations in the atmospheric pressure liavo already been noticed in the discussion of particular storms in the preceding part of the paper. MonthJij and Annual Extremes. The following table contains the observed maxima and minima of the atmos- pheric pressure in each month, as ob.served by or referred to the mercurial marine barometer. (At •".2° Fahr.) OF TIIK UJiSKi; VAT IONS I' Oil A T M O S 1' II K U I (• I'KI^SSUUK. 107 ; Month. Scptcinlier (Ictl.luT Novriiilicr lli'i'i'inlicr .I.'Miii.'i cy Krl.iiiiuy Manli April M.iy •hum July Augu.st Mean li.U'FJN ll.\>, lS57-5». Mux 3(1. 8(1. HO. 311. 3(1. 311. 3(1. 3(1. 3(1. 3(1. 3(1.40 Mill. li'.i.lU 'Js.iis lis. SI 2.S72 2s. (;7 211.(1(1 2S.(;3 2;i.l8 2:i.:;i 211.2(1 2:1.34 211.32 29.04 Uiln^f. 1.22 l.ri2 1.38 1.47 2 'M 1.3(1 2.1-1 1.4s 1.(13 0.il2 (1.112 0.74 1.3(J I'mir Ki;.NNt:iiv, |.s...s-j'.l. Max. 31 1. 1 -J 3(1.48 3(i.4il 3(1..1,''i 3(1.34 ;i(i.3s lid.Cd 31.(1,') 3(i..'jii 3(l.4'< 3(1. 3i; 3(1.27 3(1.47 Mill. 2:1.0,; 2:1.111 211.42 211.23 211.,M 211.23 2:1. 'm ail.C.'i 21i.,''i4 2:1.43 2S.7.-I 2l).2ti 2:1.32 Itiiii^'i- l.dC i.:;2 1.(14 1.32 (1.83 1.1.'-) 1.(13 1.4(1 (i.liil l.d.-i l.CI 1.01 1.1,1 I't'It rtMII'Artl^uN Van Kknsski.\k(i II.iiukiii, Ma.\. 30.1.1 3(i.:i:i 3(1.3:1 :'.d.4:{ 30.44 3(1.4,1 a(i.41t 3(1.37 3(1.111 3(1.111 211.1(7 30. (i; 3(1.31 Mill. Uuii-o. 2:1. (14 1.11 211.(1.1 1.2s 2-. 11.1 1.4'- 211.(18 i.in; 28. S4 l.Cl 211. 1 8 1.31 2;i.28 l.dli 211.111 1.311 211.41 d.7^ 211.40 (I..I7 211.22 (1.83 21). 14 1.17 The monthly range i.s greatest in winter and least in summer in BaflTm Bay and at Van Rensselaer Harbor; at Port Kennedy the amount of range is rather irre- gularly distributed over tiie year. Absolute observed maxima and minima and extreme range (corrected for index error and referred to the level of the sea by the addition of 0.01). LocALirv. Mn.-!. Date. Min. Unto. Uiinge. Bamii R.iy Pint Ki'inUMly Van Itens.-iel.icr Harbor. 3(1.113 31.d(i 30.1)7 .Ian. ;!d, MS. April 12, '.1:1. ,lau. 22, Ti.l. 2s.(!4 2S.7(! 2S.84 Mar. 11, '-.8 .lulv 10, Ml). Fub. Ill, '.14. 2.2:1 2.311 2.13 EdutloH of the Atmospheric Pirsmre to the Binction of the Wind. In thi,s investigation the aneroid readings alone have Ix'en cmplo\cd. For this purpose the daily readings at the hours A. M. and G P. M., and at noon and midnight, were compared with the corresponding mean of five days (two da\s before and two days after the day in question). This sul)stitution of the pent'he- mers for the monthly means, as normals, was considered a desirable improvement. Each difference was in.serted in the column for the respective wind (eight in iill with a column for calm.s). Tn the exceptional ca.se, where no observTition was made at one or the other of the above hours, the observation at tlie nearest hour adjacent was substituted. A + sign indicates a pivssure higher than ihe mean a — sign a pressure lower than tlie mean. The following table contains the ivsiilt.s arranged for two localities of one years' observations for each (commencing with September) ; the results at Port Kennedy for the S. E., S., and S. AV. wiiid.s, are contracted in one mean on account of the scarcity of wind from these directions. Tlie results for Van Rensselaer' have been added for comparison. ' Exclianging tl.c magndic for the trno diccctidn, on pngo 111 oC l)f. Kanc\s mi.lcorolo.Mcal ivcu.J iiiid tlisciissioii ; a corixcliuii ulruidly rcfciixtl to IrIuic. ° .iiil ■^■' ■ it KKS RKCOKI) .VM> UEnUCTION OF THE J5S E K V A T I O N 8, ETC. I) irecli I'll (trut^) (.f Ih u wimi, N. 1,^ !•;. s. !•:. . s. s. \y. w N. w. ISS7-.'iS. linfliii lliiy. Lat. 72 ,S. + 0.(131 illfllM. + 0.(1(19 + (Ml(»7 — O.U3(J — 0.005 — i\ (107 — 0.010 — 0.022 IS.IR-fi!), I'lirt Konni'ily. Lul. 72 .0, + 0.004 iiidie.s. — 024 — o.on; l8.-,.V4-.'i. Viin I(t'iis.«i'lai'r. Lilt, Vti Ml. — 0.022 inches, r— 0.014 [• 4- 0.015 + 0.(105 + 0.003 Culm + 0.035 + 0.012 O.OOO + 0.038 + 0.045 — 0.031 — 0.031 + 0.005 nml, ou.don„g the short period of observation, and the probable irre-^ula ity a' T ,0 " ; 1 ^"'"'"'^ ''"•■' '•'' ^''^'■""'^''-'^ ^■'^ '''^■''^'- °» ^''« average 0.017 inei, sulof ^ ' n 7 '^"";*'*'"'^ ^"^^"' ^'"""'"S the ca]n.s and n^ddn-Mhe algebraic sum oi the results for each place e.ual zero) are contained in the ex;res^iont_ Inches. For Baffin Bay fS = + 0.015 6m {0 + 27°) For Fort Kennedy (j = + 0.015 sm {0 + 181) For Van Eensselaer /3 = + 0.018 sin {0 + 24G), The angle Q counting from fho nnrfli TLr^o^ .•mmiuil (0 010 i„ol,o« nf „ . 7, expression., givo nearly the same .iiimiiiit u.uio niche) of elovalrng and depressing cflfccl of tlie winds on II,,. ;v.ere uie wind is n.ncu s„,.. \:>^^\:^.^^::;;r^:r^:z^i APPENDIX. ■•■-«fc#^ > APPENDIX. REconn OF t„e ^ eatheu kew on board the YAcnx "Fox," fuom July 2, 1857, to Sn.TrM,.F„ 1 s 185 ;wm. .NoTK. o.v t„. Svkcp.c Guavitv ok Ska Watkb, on t„k State , t„k ^ u" u! ANct of Animals, etc. etc.; on tue Auuoua Uokealib and ^tmo.pueeio I'.ienomkna The state of the weather is indicated by the following letters (Reaufort's notation) :- r Til..- _i p Passing showers. 7 Sciually. r Rain. » Snow. EIuo aky. Clouds (delaohoil). Drizzling rain. Foggy. Gloomy. Hail. Lightning, m Misty (hazy). o Overcast. Thunder. L'gly (threatening) appoar-anco. Visibility, ohjoots at a distaneo nnusnally visililo. Wet (dew). Snow drift. A bar (— ) or a dot (.) under any letter augments its signification. ho J, • n^^Siat':/; ;;";;;;!"' °' ''' ''''' °^ "'^ ''"'''''■ "-^'^^'^^ ^^^ -- -^^^ - ^-^ or the The position of the vessel is given in the preceding record. The specific cravitv nf =«n n,„f„, determined by Twaddcl's hydrometer, that of distilled water be ng 'o l' e tenlratn^ n7"' water and atmos,,heric pressure have already been stated. ten,perature of sea The specific gravity of sea water, in the last column, is given in units of the fourth place of decimals as indicated by the heading of the table. "■" I'late oi aecimais, PhnoL''nh-°T T"^ ^^- ^- '^"''""' ^- ^^- *^- ^- '" '^' J"'y ""■"''-. 1860, of the Edinburgh Vew Philosophical Journal, it has not been deemed advisable to publish the observations for anfountTf ozone ,n the atmosphere It is evident that the amount of discoloration of the papers ex, cd d .n a great measure, on the air passed over, and, therefore, presents the combined -elTect of t e c, iitS of ozone and the strength of the wind. quuiitity " > ■ : 11-2 A I'PKNDFX. •- '*x.t I >' July, 1857. ItKcmii. IF THE Wkatiieii kkit <> V IIOAIII) TIIK 4li. Vaciit Fox 8h. WITK UKNKIlAh IlKMAIIKM HAY. 41. . »!.. Noon. Midnight. Hpi'i'lrli' llniv. cif Ht'tt W»i«r, l.ci. 1 * II 11 u 1 11 r 11 II .•I (■ II 11 1 '* II 2nr> 4 r. r tl 11 11 II 11 II II II 11 2iir) 2117 t) <■ /< r r h r 11 11 2:>2 7 /; .- u /i h r (1 2nr) « ,- tl tl 292 Id 11 lU /' (/ lit ii til n 7 r III y> //I tl r in h r o r m n m ll V m itt / h in 2!I4 2iir) 2!iri 1.1 (, (4 '* ;i(io 14 15 r m II d hi' .1(111 Hi 17 m m / m in in 11 he 11 ;!02 3110 1.S /• \l (1 11 " ... 111 /, r h c 3ti2 20 r () ll r !■ in g r 11 it • •• 21 m (t in II It It ''12 /■ 11 tl 23 24 2.'i tl (' tl It 11 / h 11 It It r 302 300 2(J 27 4 br 11 tt 11 11 310 3110 28 If (• c c 280 29 30 r 1, ,■ r (I (■ in II c ri r ,'t(iO 2!)5 ;ji h r '' " t( II tl II II 29.') 285 lionrs ill sight of tlie ice. NOTES TO JULY KKCORD, 1st. Aberdeen. T.ii. Porpoi.ses going cost; a shearwater nnd two loons seen ; fulmar petrels constantly in sight. Stii. A shearwater, an Arctic tern, and several fnlnuir petrels seen. 9th. A whale seen. 11th. Fulmar petrels con.stantly in sight. 13th. Alountains of South Greenland seen ; Cape Farewell, X. 66°, W. W ; fulmar petnl.. kjiti- wako gulls, also strange petrels in sight. 14th. Fulmar and strange petrels, and kittiwakes in sight; seveu IGth. Loons arc not uncommon. 17th. Sailing tliroiigli heavy pack ice. ISth. Sailing througli heavy pack ice. 19th. At noon in harljor of Frederiukshaal). 23d. Anchored at 1'' 30"' I'. M. in Fiskernaes Harbor. 25th. Hove to off (ioodliaab 8 A. M. 26tli. One rorqual seen, mollymauks, and an occasional skua gull. 2Tth. Mollymauks as usual. 28th. A skua gull shot; considerable nnmber .seen; one black whale seen. Specific gravity of water in 110 fathoms 1,0275, temperature 31°.5 ; at surface 1.0275, teraperatur. 370.0 31st. Ill Licvely Harbor. APPENDIX 113 August, 1 857. <5«''"nt,orTnKWrATn.aKE.ToNM».A,,,,T.,KVA,nTlM,x,un„.>oK>..v,,,u:M^.,K. nAV. 41.. 81.. Noon. 4i<. 8i>. MMuIght. f*''ii W'ut.'r. 1,0. 1 2 e II II hr II f» liHO 4 h r n ti It o r hi- r if V f 1. r ., li t II f 11 ^:» 7 H !t tt f f ti r o f 1, ,• V ti f •]o 1' l> (■ ti r r It (1 1 *U7M 11 r /, ui r I It *::im ^■^ i, 14 ' ** 11 .... l:l /, *' 11 11 • 1.)' '14 1, r ,, h r 11 11 21.1 i:. ID h r II 11 II (1 11 11 2.111 17 /' t( " ./■ " *2M 10 u C III m n 11 c m III il 11 It 11 H 2.;m 2.111 20 (■ III )/( « t. *2.;(i i!l r 11 r III //( A /• *2.;ii 22 23 III o c o hi f 11 lU c «2.lii »2.:ii 24 2.'. III- c II (1 ho c 11 I. c 2.;2 •2.;m 2ii ,^7 •■ (' It • •),;.> 2!) h r III 1) ;!o U r It f> b 1,1 6 ll ».'lill :u o s " ''!/ / .'/ fit 1( ♦■>,; 1 1 1 1) 11 11 '.i<;ii NOTKS TO AliiViiT KKCUISD. l.st. In Disco Fiord ; cider ducks nbiindnnt. 2(1. One bluck wlmle and several roninul.s seen. 3d. Off LssHMg Point ; immense llucLs of ducks 4tii. At itittenbcnk. A few rotcliios seen. ^el^!r""rr ' '"°'' °" '^°""' '^'-^ '^"^' "' '•'•°^'^"' »■"• f-"'l^- "t Upcrnavik. oCVcral rntc Lifiu coi.i. ' 5tli Ctli 7lh. Several rotcliies seen. 8tii. !?aiiin{^ amongst loose ice. lOtli. Off the Devil's Thumb. 12th. Steaming through ice. 13th. Specific gravity of fresh water on the iccbcr"- 1 001 lith. At midnight (14th to 15th) fast to a berg so^lh of Brown's Island. Ifith. Kunnmg through lanes in the pack. nth. Running through lanes in the jmek and beset 18th. IJeset in Melville Day. ' Speoiflo gravity of sea water markeil with .in asterisk C»1 tik.m f,„™ .if..., rarer.., p„blisl>e,t by the Boanl of Tra.lo. Lo„"o, ' Msfli JZ " . ,"""'"" "' "^■'^"™' "«-■•" mile ofl- shore ; ha.l hoKlins groun.l ; coaling at liitt. .ilH.'.k '" ' ''"'""' ^'''"' """-""^^^ "' '' ' SpeoifK, gr.'vity in lU f^C^ ' "" ^''^^^ ^"'^ "'• "'l'-^" -^'.t on a he,, wa. 1..010. ''^ ... 1 n"'i 11 <. 05 „ ... 1.(1... .... 2!i.r, ' Cajv, Walker, N. 00^ K. (true) ; Cape Melville, N. i'w. (true). " • • • ■ 31-5 Jll APPENDIX'. :4 Pi 20tli. ThiTo seals Hprn, 21. St. Two sciil.s sliot. 2Uli. Olio seal shot. ' -'(Ith. Two g-laiicoii.s {riill.s sliot. 'si!;: Tir::;:':,:;" ^ """^" "°" ^^■"■"'-^ ^"-"^" ^"« '-^ ^-^i- ■"!'-' 2;uii. Capo .Mclvillo X. 8° 10' \V. (Inie). 30th. Capo Melvillo X. 10° 30' W. (true). September, 1857. REconn or t„. W.Ax.r.a kkpx on .o.un .„k Yacht Fox, ,v,t„ oe.kha. HEMAKKS. DAY. 4ii. 81.. Noon. 4l». Sh. Midiiiijlit. Sp.Tillr'ririU-. u( N'li \Vat(!i-, 1.0. 1 // I>c 2 a 4 Ill f fo m n e f *2(iOi *2(Hi 2.'i f C '■ " / *2li(H /' c *2iiiii 7 V b^: c *2.^S' «8 no s / s /■■'■ r s f s c u '11 V Vt 12 13 /' ill (( r s lie s f 14 1/ (i I- 11 s n f'^ b *1(J It " u l( 17 l> n (1 (( c l.S 1, u " a " ];) h (( C{ " " 11(1 1, 1( (( JJ " l( 21 h 11 " U 22 21! 24 f 1, (1 h h he /. .' be r (i (1 25 2(i b h f> b r b m 27 28 V III h r be u (1 f " 2;i ;io o bottom with 140 fathoms. 29th. Two bears see... 30th. Many shooti.ig stars at midnight (30th to 1st). 115 uirora in October. 1857. IIecobd or thb ^YKAT,^Ka kept o. boahb t„b Yacht Fox. witu ukneka. IlE.MARIvS. DAY. 2li. 4I'. Gl'. 81'. Kill. Noon, m 2li. 4... Cli. 8i>. lOli. 'Mi.l't. 1 2 it II (1 c ... s II 3 f (( <( c be t( ft he b r m (■ m o b HI m f it It ii 11 4 5 (J 7 8 !l 10 11 Vi in h c b (( be V bv f 1 f (( (( (( o (( (( m 11 be c (t / o it 11 b r ti {( It m II ,s h m bm 11 h r 711 11 (( it 11 Jn ti II (1 It h b e b c It 11 h c c II If U 11 c It ./• ti .S" (t ti be f II r* ti it 1( It (1 ti V 11 ft he. h It V c (1 f b f m bm ii be If h 11 c it ii r m / it 14 s z n U JH f o »i I,'-. Ill s : (1 (f 11 :z m It t( m o h {* ill f> b m m o it 17 V II ;, " 11 m c ii IH (( b c r> ,S' ti II 11) m u K m Ul o //( ti It tt It 20 .S *' / ** ti It J, 21 (1 s (( z It II It 22 s o h c U in .•J in 11 a ,, 2;; " 11 It II 11 ii 24 „ jj m b ,- 11 11 «l It 11 b s .>r Ul ti 2(! 27 V r (1 II f It m h r c m it tt It II V m r 11 It h c s 1 o it m 2S h z *' II 11 ^^ /. e " 6j 11 2i) V " (1 ti ^j V c be III) -L. he V It (1 V 11 b ,• '■•■ '* c It II m It b V " 1 " ! ft — — 1 11() Al'I'ENDIX. ■ } V'' 4, ^ \ Nirri'S T(l (ICToliKU HKfdltl). 2ii!' in^I- Iu't^ ^''- ' " """''^"" "'"«''' '^ ""^ ^"«^ ; '' "-'^ ^'' -''--l"^k« ...Hi a raven ..en. 3(1. Dawn at 5''' llj'"-, dusk at r'- 'llli. Dusk at C"- 3(1- ; at 11 1'. M. an nnrorii in W X W <_. n. X a«n at 5 ■ 20-; (ncl lor sonn.hngs with 140 fatlioius ; .lusk at 0" 30- ... Dawn at 5 • 35-, dusk at iV- 2.V". ; two boar tracks near the ship. Sill. Dawn at 5'' 35"'-, dusk at f)''- lo-- z.'^:!;^7i;r:::::t^:° "■■ '■ '- • "- •• "■■ »"^ • -» »» ■ --' •• «'■ «- lllh. Dawn at C'- 0'"-, dusk at [>''■ lO'"- 13th. Dawn at 5.'- 35"> , du.sk at 5''' Jil)"'- swliubs^;::;' "" "'" ■ '"' "' '"■ '••'"' ^"^ ^"""« '^° °i'^-^^ '^■- -- ->- -' '-gth ., . .u,u ir)th.' Dawn at .5''- 30"'-, dusk at .')''■ 30'"' r.i!l. ''"■" "' '"■ """ ■ ""' '" '"■ ''^"" ' ^^"'^ '" "'« ""- °^ -t- 1 tried (V,r soundings with 1 G5 nth Dawn at G'- 15-, dusk at 5..- 15".- ; high land seen fron, north lo X. E. hy E. (true) • se.ls I8th. Dawn at C,<'- 30'"', dusk at 5''' ()"'• l!)th. Dawn at (;.'■ 45"', dusk at I'' ;!0'"- '-'0th. Dawn at C' 50'" , dnsk at 4''- 25"'' L'l.sl. Dawuat (i'" 50"', duskat 4''- 15"' ; di-stanlland Ix.^uin.. !•■ \ i: , . . •-'2d. Dawn at C.- 45'" , dusk at 4.- lO- " " '"" ' " ''"='-' '*'•'"' '''"■ 23d Dawn at 7- 50'", dusk at 4.'. 35'" ; a fox track near the ship, and a seal seen. 24th. Dawn at 7i'- 0">-, dusk ut 4''- 30'"- 25th. Dawn at &'■ 35"'-, dusk at 4.'' 20'"- ^ 2Gth^ Dawn at V- 50'"., dusk at 4.'. 15"', Cape York N. 3: E, (true) ; Cape Dudh, Digges X. 50° 27th. Dawn at 7'' 0"'-, dusk at 4''- 30i"- ' m!' d"T' U ^M""/ ''"' '^' '"■ '"'"' ^'"= '™ °I'^"">f^'"'"l i" -"otion near the ship 40''^' .^ •!"" '^' ' " "r ' ^'''" '"" "'' ""'"■' "''''''^ ^^'"' ^''"' '-y '^« i" "" '".■cc.ions ; dusk ut 3.'. ■10'" ; lec m motion and water space increasing. ' Thickness of snow fallin, ,lunn, thrco or lour weeks, 2] inclu.; tl,i.k„.s. of i.e 0.0 monlli ol.l, l,-,.t, iiu'lius. AT I' EX I) IX. November, 1857. Uecoui) (if the Weai 2li. li r 7 111 z 8 III tn a 10 V 11 III 12 III 13 m 14 III n ir> III o s k; s z 17 s z is III o 19 III 2(1 III s 21 III 22 III z 23 z 24 c 25 he 2(i liz 27 h z 28 /^ 21) V z 30 tl 4h. Ill (I C II h ,■ h c TIIEU KEPT ON IK.AllI. THE VacIIT FoX, WITH liENERAI, HEMARKS. It'll- Ndiiii. j 2li- 6 c m ll z C III n III n Z l( 4 ,: III s III h r h r I, c It z 41.. ll ll III 11 III II 11 il (1 I, ll z llV I, I, r 8li. o z (I b ((h. Mi.l't. t( // (( (( I, c ll ll III b r KOTi;s TO »N0VKM11EU UliCOUD. SO'"-, dusk at 21' f)0" 40'"-, dusk at 3I' 30'" SO'"-, du.sk nt 3''' 30'" l.st. DinvM iit T' 2d. Diiwii ut 7'' feet 3 iiiclics. 3d. Dawn at f 4ili. Dawn at S''- 0'"-, du.sk at 3'- 1;V 5tli. Dawn at 7''- 30'" , dusk at 3''- l^i" Cth. Dawn at V'- 45'"-, dusk at 3''- 15" two seals seen. Ttl... Dawn at V- 45'" , dusk at 3". 15'" ; lanes of water in all directions ; two dovekies shot • slL-ht streak of aurora neur liArizon ii: the S. E. nfter G V M ""veiut.s snot , Mi" lit 8th. Dawn ut 81'- lO'"-, dusk at 3i'- 0'"-; several seals seen • s !• m r • , • , ,., 9th.» Dawn «f ,si.. ;.n..' ,.„.,.- „. o,. ..„ .' ■^""^^'•'^" - « ' • ^^- f"M,t aurora ■„ ti,c AV. X. W. 8 1'. M. u bear cano to the shij) aiid wa.s shut; len-th 7 ice in motion ; lanes of water in the S. \V. and \. W. ■ 9th.» Dawn at .S''- 30'" , dusk at 2 ■'"'• ; iee in motion, opening and closing ; several seal.s seen ; nt 10 I . M. several shooting stars, and a faint lunar rainbow liolnU ';t:,:L.!"™'" """"'"' '"""" '""'^^■'•^ ^^"- "^'-- f-- «>« f--'" --l- or Metooro.o,iea, Papers of tho .1 ro.i. „ ■ 1 • 1 . , "i-<-i™9ing in oMent to 14-' ; again on following ,n^ut j,, jj ;>; w ,,,,..•,„„ , lor an Lour and u quarter.] """""'"""' '"" '^' """•'^ " "l'I"-^'-> l""'<- "P i" cl^^tache.l iiioces. It continued 118 A ■■ -J APPENDIX. mil.' A (lovc'kic scon ; two seals shot ; ilusk nt 2i'- OO'"-- « P Ar ci;,t . • ,. „. 12tli. Dawn at 8''- 20"' dnsK- nt oii. mni . „ i , • ,o„ „ , , "iihK at .' ■*"'"; a (lovckic scon ; tircc spiils sliot 15tl. Dawn at V- a^,,. """' "" "'^' '^'' '^''"■■^'""S "P »''e '"^^^v ic« ; dnsk at 2^'- 23'"- one shot ! ;:;;.! 2'- 30.:.: '" "'°^"'^' ' ^^^■^■-' '"■-« l-'« "f -'tcr ; a na.whal and man, seals seen. Ifith. Dawn at 9|.. 15.... ; a seal shot and a dovekic se.n ; dusk at 2..- 15- nth. Dawn at 9''. 30..'-, dusk at 2''- O."- 18th. Dawn at 9|.. 35..., dusk at 2'.- S".- ; a few seals and narwhals seen. 1 h. Dawn at 9 ■• 30...., dusk at 2'.- O'... ; two or th.-ec seals seen. 2()lli. Dawn at 9"- 45>", dusk nt 2"- 0". ; one seal seen 21.st. Dawn at 91.- 45'"-, dusk at a''- 15...- 22d. Dawn at 9i.- 5n..> , dusk at l''. 50".- 23d.>' Dawn at 9'.- 45- ; one seal seen ; 8 P. M. aurora near the Iiorl.on in the S P ■ nf , • I • i . aurora from N. W. to S. W. and S. E. "on^on in the 6. h. ■ at midnight, 24th. 2 A. M. aurora at the S. E. horizon ; dusk nt I''- 45.'.- s;!;: "::: :: :;: r: ^^ :i ;: ^: • - - ' '-" " -'" "-' "- *" ■ ■* °» - -^ 27th. Dawn at IQi.. 0'.>-, dusk at l''- 50".- 28th. Dawn at 10''- 5.", dusk at 1'. 35'. 29th. Df.wnat 101'- O'..-, diiskat l''- 35."- , SOth. Dawn at lO''- 15"., dusk nt l''- 10"'- r>eeem;,er, 1857. Record of the WEAxnEii ,;kpt on board the Yacht Fox, .vitii cieneuai, KEMAHK.S. BAY. 1 1 21". l>r 2 1, r 3 bv 4 b •• 6 b V li in z 4h. Cl.. 8 10 II 1:2 13 14 ir, ]i> 17 l,s l!» 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 211 30 31 c m b V b V b m b c. b 81.. 101.. he Noon. 21.. m b m fit b V n 111 .s ni z b I! b b r b c h b V b c b b III z b 1) b c. Ill n b III c m bz (t be V b m b 6 m V c he he c m ni n z h 6I>. c m hv (( b III : b b bo 101.. bv bv b Mid't. bv c b III (1 be bv b r. b II be III s b V b 1- it bv (( (( in (( tit s <( h V b V in e be III bv III b e b V s z e b r III b III ' I mil, iiililiiiu'lit. Sliirlit in S. K. (tnu').l ' VS.U, UM.Iiiinlil. V.Ty liridit till 2 A. M. in N. \V. to S. K. (ln.,.).l ton tl.o l,;tli, tlHckiR...is or i.e 2 loot \ iial, ; inciuase since U-il luuath, 8 iacho..- -/;. v/T. J' 711 Ci. J A r r E N n F X . :::i:i::((:z:~\L::^:::: midnight (9tli to lUtli), aurora from E. N. E. to E. S. E. 1'. M., faint aurora in the soutli, streaming towards tlie NOTKS TO nKCi:.MI!i;U RKCOUD. 1st. Dawn at 10-. 3,.". , d„sk at l'- S- ; ico crushing up at the edges of ,he noe. 2(1. I);uvn at lO''- 30'"-, dnslv at 111- lO'"- 3d. Dawn at 10''- 30'", dusk at !''• 0">' 4lii. Dawn at II". O'"- ; a well-marked halo and several para- ''■^--:.-;:;: sclcna>, 7" to 10'>- P. M., consisting of five fal,-^ ^''""""S "P I'^-'^^J'^ t''« '-e-'ith. 14th. . A. .M faint aurora towards the southern liori.on ; dawn at 11"- 10'" dusk at 0" 15'" • f IStht uZ T-T '"'"■' ?"'' '\ '"■ ''■" ' ^"•"•"' ^''""''"^' ^'"- '^«^^^'«'^" 5 »-"^ C I'. M. ; midnight ?h:1'::^}I::?^Z^ :r'''''''- t'''"'^^-- ^^^ - 3 .et mchcs , increase siuce'last mouli; W. and N. W. ;'the electrou^ie; ts tT.'.sIilJ Lia^'^'" ''' °"" """'•' ""°«^ '"^^ ^""''" ^-"^ ^- ^» S. t^N. R " '' "'■ '""' '"' '^' '"■ '""■ ' ' ''• ''•' ^''""^ '^"'■°^'' ^- '° ^•' 10 I'' M., bright aurora 18th. Thickness of September ice 3 feet inches, overlying closely packed snow Gi inches • 4 A Af aurora stdl v.sdHc 9"- 45'". A. M. aurora disappeared ; dawn at 11-' i5™., dusk at 0" s" '4 I^M wUZZ^""' '° ''■ ""' '• ''- ''''''' ''"•°"«" ^"« -"^" ■' 1« ^••'^^•. -rora S S. E. to S S.' ^^ _mh. Dawn at 11". 45"'-, dusk at 0". 35'"-; a wide crack, X. W. and S. E., half a mile from the 20th. Xo daylight. 21st. Daylight at 11". 45'"-, dusk at 0"- 15™. 22d. No daylight. 23d. Xo daylight. 25th, 20th, 27th. Xo daylight. 45'"- 45"' ; small lanes of water, and several fresh cracks near the 28th. Dawn at 11". 25'"-, dusk at 0" 29th. Dawn at 11"- O"''., dusk at 11" ship. 30Ui. Dawn at 11''- 15"-, dusk at 0" 3 1 St. Dawn at 10"- 30'"-, dusk at 0" 45™. 50'". [No birds seen and only one seal B. of T. Papers.] ''t!il Uard packed snow C] inchu-i tiiii-k. 120 -I"' 4'- J -,. \ I 1 ^--•4» 1. r? . * m^ AITENDIX. January, 1858. J!kcoiid of the \\katiiku HAY. 2li. 1 hv 2 h n ■.i h I' 4 h r III : C r III 7 1, f c 8 III ; II III z 1(1 I, c 11 III ].! til l:i m J-i h c l.-j III s ii! III s 17 111 s IS h c 111 I, <■ 211 III s 21 m z III 2;i 21 111 s b r 2.-, til 2il III 27 III s 28 1, I' 21) lu- yii ll r ol li r vEI'T ON 130AIII) THE YacHT FoX, Wmj OENEKAt liEMAI'.KS. lull. (( m m ,t 4( ll c lit III z III I, r Noon. h z <( h r HI ll I- 21i. h V r III b r 4li. Ul.. 8h. b I- 111 V be b ,: b V b r II, b r lllli- iMid't. b b c b : bv l( b u 11 m he hi s 711 Z a bv b„ he b z (1 m s III z NOTKS TO .rAM'AUV KECOIU). 1st. Daun at lO'.. 45-, d„sk at 1>- 0"> ; temperature in snow-lmt -Ifio. 2d. J )awn at 10'' .■}()'"•, dusk at 1 1'- 30'"- 3d. Dawn at ll''- lO'"- 4tli. Dawn at 111'- lO'"-, dusk at 0''- 3.1>"- 5th. Dawn at ll''- 15'"-. dusk at !''• Ki'" • n !.,.,« „r ..,„* • .1 (true) ; one seal .een. ' " '^ ""'" '" ""' ^■'=^* ^■''"-'"''"•S ^'- «• «'h1 S. W. fitli. Dawp at 10''- 4.')'" , dusk at !''• 15'" 7tli. Dawn at 10''- 45"', dusk at l^'- 30™' Stli. Dawn at 10''- 35'"-, dusk at !'• 30'"- lOtli. Dawn at 10'' 5'"-, dusk at l''- 1,'j'"- ' 1 Ith. Dawn at lO-'- 30" , dusk at S-- 30".. ; n„rora near tI,o S. W. horizon at P Ar 12th. Dawn at 10'' 30"'-, dusk at l''- 45'" • .>t '^ I' m o . t r ""'"'"" ai j j . m, (true). ' ■ • "^ l"^'*^'' ""^ '""'"™ '^ "'J0« I'orizon S. hy E. 13th. Dawn at 9''- 50"'., du.sk at 2''- 1 0"'- 14th. Daylight at 1)1'. 40'", dusk at 2''' 5"'. irnh. Dawn at IQi'- 15'"., dusk at 2i'' 10'"- 10th. Dawn at lO''' 0'"-, dusk at '"'• 0"'- 18th. Dawn at gi'. 15"'-, du.sk at 2''- 40"'. " lOlh. Dawn at 0''- 40'" , dusk at 2''- 4,5'". 20th. Dawn at 9'' 30'" . dusk at 911. akh\ . .„„„ ... "•»" -■ ."■■ ■■' "n.- '».. ;v:xr;;;v:::r.';:':: Lt:^ -"" " '- " '° APPEND I \' ■ i nincli refraction in the S. R. a halo round tlic moon at IV M. Slst. Dawn at 9''- 30™-, dusk at 3'' 0'"- 22cl. Dawn at 9''' lO™-, dnslj at 3''' 15" 23d. Dawn at 9i'- 30"'-, dusk at S''- 0'" 24th. Dawn at O''- O"', diisk at 3i'' 15'"- 2oth. Dawn at 9i'- 0'"-, dusk at 3''- 15'" ; 20tli. Dawn at 9''- O'"-, dusk at 3'' 30"i' 2i th. Dawn at 8''' 45"'-, dusk at 3''- )>()>"■ 28tb. Dawn at 8"- 25'"-; sun's upper liml, appeared at 11" 25'"- • refraction W -iV no.l„ .• n l.oig..t of the eye (5 feet) ; sun. upper li.nb di'sippeared at L- O.- '.n^t ttk 3^ 45™ ^'""'^' '"^ at? V , of t.ie Weather kept on boaui, the Vaci.t Fox, with (.eneua,, UE.MAUK8. 1 2 3 4 5 (i 7 8 9 1(1 11 12 13 14 15 l(i 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 2(i 27 28 21.. h: he he hm I'V in I. r m l> 111 h III ; in r III :: hin hz lirz he h : ire m z he in s z he h e z hez q in z c in z he VI s I 41.. Gil- he III A h he h e l( hez /. ,• (( (( (( gh. lOli. Noon. (( /. .■ « (( u (( (t tl h V (( (t be z he he (( (( « hz hz o in z o in z m o <■ o in 3 he III z he he he z he h z 41.. '- (■ fill. in z h 1( 8ii- /. (■ ; h hm hin hi: III z e in z h in h e 101' iMid't. m o /- e ,s- h e he hm h e z e in h m z hez n he e in z he z (( '/ m ; hez he e n h r z h NOTES TO FniiUtlARY UUCORD. 2d. Dawn at 8" 0™- ; sun's upper limb appeared at 10" 10'" ; no soun.ling with 170 fathoms ■ several ew erack.s ; crro-stratus moving to S. E. ; dusk at 4" 1 0'". ; 9 P. M. aurofa faint in ti"e S E 'l orim for about ten minutes ; ,0 P. M. an auroral areh in the S. E., visible for one hour, fain from S E !::„;' "'^^-'''';«™'^'«« °^ ^''« '^^'^^^ touching the hon^on ; the S. E. extremity was the brig, est with an occasional stream towards the zenith. "ngiuest, 3d. Dawn at 7"- 50'"-; min's upper limb appeared at 10" 5™ ; dusk at 4"- 20™ • at II P M nn arch of an aurora from S. E. (true) horizon to the zenith ; ice in motion. °" 122 API'EXni \'. p-i i "» .>u , » until la 1 . .AI. ifc III inolioii iieiir the ship Wi. Ito»ii „t Ji.. 30" i ,„,„■« ,i|,,,c, linil, ,li,a|,,„„,i „, 21.. 4,,.,.. ,,„,,, „ ,„, 3„ ,,„. to S.' E.''"" "' '" ''"' ' ""' ''^ '" '"■" '"'''' ''■ ^'- " ^""'* l-^''^'>'- ' 1" r. M. aurora from X. E. ^ JOlli. 2 A. M. Bliglit aurora from N. to S., passing tbrougb tho zenith ; dawn at V^- 30-, dusk at K. x'e.^;;;; wTw!"" ' '"' '' " """' "^ '"'^^ "■" °' ^^■^'^ ""•= "'"<= "^'-" «<• ^'^ «i"i' --ing 12lli. Dawn at 7''- 2(1"'-, diisiv at 5''- 0'"- J'1^1s1-;5mV"Tp m""'' '""7""- ''"'■' P--'- halo round ,1.0 .„n; several , (lll^K at o 1 "■ , 1 1 p. M. aurora near hori/on between S. S. E. and E. , with vert cal ravs or s reaiuers half way up to the zenith, areh about 14° above the horizon ^ at S^'oo^'Tmo ?"'V M 'Z"'^'' "°""^ "f """" ""' ""' '^'"'"^'" "^"-^ ^«° -^ 3G0 ; dnsU J -IP , T to .1 I . Al. .iilo fturora iicur hot- koii between K S f^ nn.i i? v p -.i ,- , «.. '2; p 'S'"''" ""';' ' i"^- f^- ""'■"'■" '•''"■^'" ^- ^- •^"'' ^- ! 'I''"'" -^t fi-.. 50". , dusk at 5-. 20™. • ceased ""■" "''■' "'"" ''° '''"" "°^'"^°"' '^^'"-" «■ «' ^- -"> E. ;' 10 P M auLa be^::', ?^s"k 1 Tr "^' " "■ ^'"' ' "^ "^''^"'^''^ ^^^^"-^°"'^ -^ °^ ~ «° above horizon, and W' s'w" H t '°'" \" ""' '""' ''""*" *"° '""''^ •"'^''' '■™"' ^'- «hip, and extending E N E 22d. Dawn at 6"- 3i)™^; tried for soundings with 180 fathoms; several seals and dovekies seen in widejanc to the north of the ship, also a bear; dusk at 5... 40...,'at midnight (22;-23d; Moro:.: 23d. Dnwn at C- 15'"-, dusk at C'' 0" 21tli. Dawn at C' lo'" , dusk at S''- o™- 25tii. Dawn at C- 0'"-, dusk at C'- O'". 26th. Dawn at C'. O'"-, dusk at C' 10'"- 27th. Dawn at 5'.- 55- dusk at G"- IS--; snow melted against ship's side in tho sun at 9 A M te,n,.er_ature in shade -22o ; a seal shot ; dovekies seen ; at noon ilack bulb thermolnctL -^o jj 2stl,. Dawn at G" 0"' ; no water in sight; dusk at G'' I;. - niidnid.t Omh Kl^ i, . mt.on, diameter 43 - altitude of moon 10^ (2Slh_lst) halo round the A IT KM) IX. 123 March, 1858. Recbd op tue Weat.ier ke.t- on muui. t.,e Vac.it Im,x, w,t., uesku.u. i -- REMARKS. 1 DAT. 2li. 4h. Oil. 8l'. lO'i. Noon. 2li. 4ii. (jh. 8li. Kill. Mi.rt. 1 (1 , he i( (( — C (( 2 3 e J 1, ,• he z (1 in .s It (1 e '} 11 t' o h r m s r II h r It II 11 4 6 111 z h ,■ he z Hi z 11 (1 1 " lit It m h a z II II u h ,' e It III z It /( HI n z (i 1,,- (1 (1 /, II h h r " " 1, h r It 7 h V (1 li he r /. r " II It JJ H he u ^^ /' /// he h /. , /, hr ,^ !) he (1 ,( (1 *' " " '♦ .• ^, Ill Q f> r III a u f n *' /. r " " <• i u 11 III .S /// ,s /ft 14 he h /' (■ (t r o III s If h r " »t 15 h he: he 11 It 11 11 hr z 11 11 If It 11 It ft 11 tt 17 he (1 tt II " It 11 If 11 It 18 he 41 (( h 11 K '■ hr c II hr h f }> <■ iO h e ii ({ h 11 11 li 11 i> 11 h r ai 21 he h o (( /s 11 11 II hr II It ft It If ;, 22 2;i 24 25 2(! f III z_ C 11 h m r o tli S If If he tl lit It ./■- 11 HI z 11 III hcz e z u m 5 it hcz 11 11 V c t i( 111 s hcz II II hr tl s e z Ill x (1 11 11 m z tt /. r z u 27 hz (( t( II 11 " 11 " (1 It If 28 2!) hz h he z he he I, 11 It (1 11 11 II 11 (1 li If If II 30 31 c m s hcz (1 (1 « h z It It 11 11 It (1 III z ft h r z- WJ N" 1 h e z I hr h ll "^"■— i ■^IMM NOTES TO MAnCII RECORD. 1st. Noon tried for soundings with 180 fathoms. and W. S. W. ubont one mile south of llic sliii 10.30 r. M ' ; several until 2''. 2d. A largo lane of water opened E. N. E. „ ^ ,, ,,„^,^^ , zeniS;V" ''• ""■ ^"°"' "^' '° "^^ ^- ^- ''^ " '- '^"''-'- [A broad arch reaching near,, to the 5th At noon, black bulb thermometer in the sun zero, temperature in shade -IQo. nt T Ar ,,. .cc sucHenly detached .tself from the ship's bows and si.les allowin. her to ri^ el en' i-lfes forward 9 P. M. Aurora in clouds and streamers between X W and - mm .i , 'o"vard. sound of crushing or cracKMngieo distinctly iLrd^igthriht. ^^ ^"-"«'-"^ ^"« -"^''t; the Cth. 8 P. M., bright aurora between S. S. W and R frnm «o f„ cno i i • 30.«. [Bands and arches with streamers towlnJ^the ze^M '^"'" '"'""' """" "' ^""• from 1 ^\^'m' TITZ °^ '"■''''' '"'"^ '"''P°^"' '° "^^ ^'^'^^ »^«aring east (true) • Uamcters45 and 90° nearly ; occasional parhelia or inner halo in same altitude as t sun ; a portion of inverted arch above outer halo ; sun's altitude IGO 8 h. At daylight appearance of land bearing E. by N. ; a lane of water northwest of the ship ,n which seals and narwhals were seen ; 10 P. M., faint aurora aE X JOth. Two small seals shot and some narwhals seen ; several lanes and pools of water in the „onh- lUh. Ice much broKou up, al..o lanes and small pools of water northward of Iho ,.l.ip. ..;!!i ¥c' r.M A I'I'K N I»1X hi Hi ■ i \.l^U. \Va(or i„ l„n..s um.I m-.-.I. in si^ht all an.un.l; a slight swdl ,.,.ra.,,til,lo ia .l,e lau.s aa.l narks l.illi. .\ .seal >liiit. Mill. Several sinull lanes mid |PooJs to the norllnvartl ir.lh. At K.I. 30... P. M. a bank of aurora betwc. S. and S, K. (tnie) uhonl 8- elevation wiih oceasional vertieal streamers nsrcndinfr uoauon, huh o|. nulIO ja. ., «e.st of the «h,,. and a wide )ane of water formed, extending N. and 8 • its extr mes ;;;:;: -giit]: ■ """ ""■" '• ^'- '^ ^- '' "^^^ ^"^ "-'-' -" ^'^" -•'-■ ^tt;!:^^:;:^ I T,h. Several seals seen, three dovekies shot ; the iee „,ueh broken up and wide lanes of water run- Min'c A. and ,s. , lo 1 . AI., i,nght aurora between S. W. and K. N. K iNth. A seal shot; the ice elosing; the Irueks of three bears seen' 41.- ",m- V W i,.„ n,.„.i • jm great force that in whieh the ship is fro.eu appears setting lo'utlw.r til'^::^^Z Ipe! •;;;""" ^'""' ' • """ ''■ '■• ''■ ^''° "'^°^° ""'•-" -'" ^'~ towards zlnmO; u'e ice «n;:i;;T;lr' """ '^"''^ ^^^" ' -^ "°°"' ^ '^"^ "-'^ ^^"•' ra.he.ia ; C P. ... ice in .notion, 2(itli. Sounded in 150 fathoms, soft mud. 21st. Xoon, the lane opened to the westward of the shi|) healed ot;;^ul:g;if '''^'' '""''' '"- '"'" '■• ''■• ''' '"^ '''-'^' "«^'f ^-" <•- «>"P -d ^^0 23d. A seal and a dovekie shot ; a large pool of water fiS vnr.k u-,.et nf ti.o 1 • •sight to the southward ; many narwhals s;en swimmi.'nortlnvinl ''" ' ""' "'"'" '" 24.h. The .ce apparently d>-ifting southward a,.dopcni..g in diirerent directions ; 10 P M ice in motion a.>d pressing against the lloe edge 1i) yards west of the ship ' 25th. V- 45-"- A. M., ice slacked off and the c.-nck o,,cned ; from until 8 P. M. the iee in mo'ion and crushing up with gi'cat pressure in the crack W. of the ship in tiet;! '"■ ''" '""" "'■""" ""' '""°"' '""°''"" '''"'" ''*' ' """""'' """"'^ ""t^« 280 ; „ight motion 27th. 8 P. M., ice opened in lane W. 50 yards from ship 29th. 8 A. M. got bottom with 180 fathoms, mud, supposed depth 170 fathoms, aotli. Iwo seals and two dovekies shot: 11 P. ,M Paraselfim on „o,.i, .; i ■ . distant about 23-, moon's altitude 11°. ' '"" °° '"''' '"■^' ''^"^^ ^^'°'" 'l"" "'""". 31st. Three seals shot; a fresh bear ti-ack close to the ship. AI'l'EMdX. V2-i April, 1858. ItKcumi «v riiK Wkaihku kkit on noAiti) TiiK \\k:\\v Fo,\, umi oknj-^ual REMAUKH. 1 RAY, 1 ai.. 41,. Oil. hh. Kth. Nnoil. 21.. 41.. (111. Ml. lOf'- ,Mia't. /. (• t( |( 2 /, it tl h tl a II K II II It 4 r h «• 7 HI z (1 /. r z in z r HI z i( h r h m z (t It 11 tt III r '/ in z 11 11 < t( (1 '■ HI : 4( h ii II III z tl • 1 '/ m ; u It 11 4i 1 .. (> m z m .1 u h r tt tt 1 " III z tt It 7 8 r m s z hr in s 11 m /, ,• 1 f m III H h II hr m H z r n 1 tl 10 1, h r h It h V «/ lit .< z 11 11 11 11 It h c III z tt h II II It It It n hr (( (( " 11 II (1 II It tl 12 he i( ,, (1 41 " tt (( II ft /. r 13 hr 11 (1 (1 " " 11 " II it 11 14 15 hr he ti It u .tt 11 11 11 It 11 11 " 11 " (1 >i It 11 It 111 hr z u i( i( " " 11 " It 11 11 17 h fj z tl 11 It h z 1 r ; 11 " /, V -- tt It IS 19 h m If m s --- h 7 n tl tt tt h r 7 ; " - - - j r n s It tt It 20 /. r 11 " " * m s h r /' r III 21 23 24 ... he f>v hr r -.- 11 (t hv C r u s III li ;;; 11 It 11 ... II ft h m ... II hv 11 ... tl /• 2r) 2ii 27 ... he hm — ... /. r ... in s m H 11 ... tl r tt It ... r II 11 2>s r . .[ u 11 ... r n 7)1 H (■ ft 2il 30 - - _ hr a — h V o ... it ... hr tl S tl r II - - - m s ' . . . 1 lit ft s NOTKS TO APRIL RKCOUD, between V^'f'T i ^''^ '"-V""'' ""• ''' "' ''"' '''"' ' ' ''' ''• " -^"-"'^ ""^ ""^'''•'^ ^^ above horizon Detween t>. S. h. and S. W., wiili streamers towards the zcnitli. 2(1. Two black whales seen. 4th At noon our old fioe craekcd in a \. X. E. and S. S. W. line about thirty yards from t .c shin ■ ' It widen.s to about si.xty yards. ' ' 5th. At 2"- 20- the old floo cracked in line with ship, that on the port side drifted off abont fiftv yards ; secured ship to fast ice, head to wind. 1 ^ 'e auucd oU about Gfty Cth. A whale and many narwhals seen ; four seals shot. 7 th. Tried for soundings with no fathoms. 8th. Ice quiet, l)ut drifting rapidly before the wind. Jul\. n'p' M '"" ' ^f"'' '""''' *'" "''''''" '"'"^ ^'"''^' ^'^"^'O' «"PP°««'l ^'m Dyer, S 88- W To h' A ■ "T" ,''"''"" ^- """^ ^■' """^ ''""' ''° '^'«^''''°" ^"•''"^'""S "P to the zenith. S soow '"'^"r''"^ "^f ""f? ^- ('■•"«); tried for soundings with 180 fathoms; Cape Dyer visible 1 ,!? ; \ " '"P' ^- ^^° ^^'- ' °''^^"''s''t '■'*"" ""O'-'' f'-o'" S- to E. (true). aurora betwerlt's^E"" '''''' ''''' °' ''^ '"■'' ' ' '°^ ^^''"'^ '" '^ ^^ ^ '° ^^ I*- ^^^- «» P»'« 12th. A lane of water opened astern in the direction of a largo berg in the E. X E • much mist i-Uervlls in arl] ' "''"""'"'" '"""'''' '"""'' ""'^ """""'""^ "^^'^"'"^ ^P°^^ «' •'•g'^t at ulS' A^' *^' ^^'^''"'V.""?'"'" ^""""^ ^- ^^- *^- ^"■"'^) 5 11 P' M- ''"'•°™ ^^''or to last night 14th A large flock of ducks flying N. W. ; tried for soundings with 170 fathoms ; 10 P M a briJht au ora ■„ the east (true) ; midnight, faint to the southward at 18° elevation. ^ 15th. 1 '■ M'"- A. M. a bear came close to the ship ; thickness of ice .'i feet 1 1 inches decrease for the month 1 foot 2 i inches, snow lOJ inches, increase H; a number of mollyma e;,. "30™ ^.^!prr ;;s:i^:^^^^^^' ''''-''' --^ - ^^ ^-^ ^^^™^^ ^---^ - -> ^- ^ to i m» AI'I'KNDIX. f y W.'' B J: a. ' ;, r, ; :'•' "'"^'"r^^^^^-^'-'; «'-'Ko ."„■ lmyi..„only;i.si'le; .ev ;«! bergs i.. I. nil. I Mice hears sTOti; Kovcrnl liergs ill Kijriit. 2(ltli. A uoiisideruliloNWell; iinsliipped riKMornt 3 A M • t)>nlnf(„,i i • . , "t ;;. M. , a ..ear and a seal Killed , Several snud. bci^ iu^ig'l.t '""' ^'"'"^ '"'"' "" ^''" ^'''''''' i-lNt. Irie.l lor soiindings witli 170 fatlioiiia ^ _^2ad._ A ,a|.,e blaek wliale seen, also h .e.d , experienced a westerly set ; several largo soai« lying att l!''!?^' "T'^- ^'""^ "'" ^^' '^•' '""' ^'' •'"'"'"cnncd to break up. lK.ad to swell, th'roiijl e .so : ' je 'l" P ^'leT tl i^:: "' '!'1 rT' 1"'''' """ '•^"^'•=^'"^' more violent; S 1'. M elcMUe.l tl le ieo «fonn' , " " ''' '"^'''' ''" ''"''*' '^''''- «''"'=''« ^1"' 9i'.i \i 1 ' «'"PP«'' e"b'"ie, and made sail. J. i. m !„ s<.v<.nto„., f„.i „ to the roeks. < J" i . M. in seventeen fathoms water, moored with hawsers 2'Jtli and 30tli. In tlio harbor of llolsteinberg. [Speeillc gravity of sea-water:— "':/''" ,;:';• ;■; ;■'; '^'''r'- '■'''' ^"^"p- ''°^' "■ ' ^"i'--"^. 10275 (temp. 300). i< ,., i.o.jw J4'. (14 II ],0275 " quo t...i>o .. 1.0,10 .. 310; ..4 .. i.o^Js " 3.50. 21.st, " 110 " 1.0280 " 31.50.J May. 1850. I'.ecoud op the Weatueu keit cn board tue Yacht Fox, with oeneuai, REMARKS. n.w. 411. 1 m s 2 t' 3 h r 4 fi 711 S G III S 7 m s 8 h c !) V III 10 I,,' 11 111 n S 12 lie in !ic 14 h ^r, I i(> t, 17 f" l.s f 1!) f 20 hm 21 h 22 bi: 23 h 24 h r 2.5 h 2(i 27 r. 2s 1, 21) lie 30 f 31 III s h r lu- ll III in s ''./■ tn hm h lie Noon. 4t.. e 7 8 lie ll III X ll !■ Ill I>m h e ll III I. r 8h. m ft 711 s lie c o h r It ll I, II h c Midiii :ht. ti c m o m s m o " (I f h e It ll he II tl /, (• " h U (t (( 1,111 ll m f 1,1: Arj'i;\ i»tx. m N0TK8 TO MAY UKCOUD. 1st. At irolstc'iiiliiii'jf. 8tli. Sailed from Ilolstoiiiluirg nt V'- A. M. ?oti, '"^Mi 1' •'m"':?! ' V"l" "■''"'' "'••^'" '^'"■''^' '^"•"^"y °fsca n-nter, stirfaeo 1 QOTO .''*;sfis^r:-:-:-:: «---- :-.;-;; ;;;^^ 1 nil. Ancliorcd nt WhaleHsh I.slniuls in 12i fatiioins 16t.,. Go.,havn Ilurhor and JL::^^:^^^::: "■'" " """' """"'^ "'^" ^""• LI!' Jiff n' ''■ -^^•.' ""^•'^'•^'^ '■" l-^l'ornavik, IJack JJuy, iu 10,1 f„t,,o„3. ^4tli. Left Upernavik, and steamed to Godlmvn. 25tli. Steamed out of Oodliavn at 4''' 30'" A M offmiieln^sw"'"^" ''" ''"'^^^' '" ^^"■'' --"-<1 oir the coal se in t fathoms; onc.MH 2Ttli. Proceeded nnder steam northward at ll''. 50".. P M A. M., 1,0^0 to off ba,idcr.ou's Hui-o ; lo-- 30- A. .M., hor. nj. for Ui.crnavTk. 1 Juno, lti58. llECORC or THE WEATHEn KEn ON BOAHD THE YaCTIT FoX, WITH OENKHAr IIEMARKS, CAT. 41.. 81.. Noon. 4h. st>. Ml.Iulgl.t. "'•'i Wulur, 1.(1. 1 2 3 h c c I, (• c (1 be 41 II 4 he i( he II m o s C c m n hi o s (i he c o r II 7 ll (■ m s c II 8 g I,' 1, h C he h e il l>c 10 1, h V he II II 11 fx III /.' ll 13 c f '■/ (' m c hill f II II 14 he /, h e r he 15 10 17 18 19 20 r. I, / C. he h he I'.l c (1 (( '/./■ h il he ./' f he he f; i( II 11 It II (1 C in h 28.'; 2«(( 275 27.-; 280 28.') '170 275 280 21 22 23 24 2t f l> C r he l( it (( h h m (( (i s he h e c e II h c r he f (( (( 2i) 27 28 "0 r f e 1/ r in o m ll u h e ed tl it 9 '■ III o 275 27.'-. 270 f It ;iu f C c m c r hi- (1 / s (1 275 280 ' AtlJ fathoms, 275. n 1 V>8 A r V K N D 1 X . If ■• >;■) NOTES TO JUNE RECORD. ana'^uSt"?3r;>M '''■'?"'/;''; T.^P-'t^f «-at Pane Island (Narsak), north one and a ha f m,le 3" SO"- P. M., made fast to land ice iu a bay on south side of Upernavik Island • the ice closed in and beset the ship. ' i»iauu , iiie Gth. Started under steam at 5'. DO- A. M. ; at 1 0" 20".. made fast to a grounded berg in 25 fathoms half a m.le west of a nigged island having a large cairn on the summit of its S. W. extreme B la u Island west three and a half or four miles. t.\ireme , liutnau Yth. Passed south of Buchan Island, and close along its west side; at S'^SO- A M struck and remained fas on a reef of rocks, tide faHing ; extremes of Bnehan Island S. 30° W and S 180 E distant about one mile ; at l"- 30"'- P. M. low water. ' Sth, At 11'. 40- A. M. observed a rock above water bearing from noon position S ogo e (tnie) liree miles; passed inside Horse's Head; 2-- 40- passed another rock: Horse's 11 ad S 15o F Cape Shackleton (North Bluff) N. 46° E. (true). ' 0th. Steamed at intervals for about three hours. nth. Made fast one mile \. of the Duck Islands. 1 • ?^'\'^''''f Z,"^ T'VlT^ ''"'' *° ^'"'''' ^^'"'^"•^ ""'^ '■'"''''^ ""'1 ••''""•nc'l; new moon at 2 P M high water at l'.- C- A. M. ; rise 3 feet « inches; flood sets N. N. W., ebb s^ts S. S. E about 2 n hour between the islands. ' """"'' - '"' EalL'rn DuTLsllnd. '' ''' ''"""' '" "" "°''"'""''"' ""' '""''' '''' *» '""'^ '" ' '' ^- '■ ^^- ^^^"^ nth. 4 P. M saw the Sabine Islands bearing N. E. (true), and distant seven miles. I Sth. I asscd through and steamed along the land ice. loth. Made fast at a nip; fonr bears seen, many seals and birds; 10 A. M., until 31. 30™ P M under sail, working to westward ; unable to distingnish the land ice from the loose ice 22d. Advanced one mile to the N. W. ; progress impeded by nips ful ^l!\ ','■ *^^\f' *'"'°"^'' ^'" "'•' "'"' "'"^'° '"" '" ^''° ^- ^^'- ■' tl'ree bears seen. J4t 1. At 11 A. M. came up to a nip and made fast ; about 500 little auks shot .l,,Ta ..'1™ '■ "■* '"" '° ''"' "" ' "'" ''°"' "■ '^- *• i » P- »'■ l>'»'»d.,l .„ ,1,0 „.i„M ; 30th. 8 A. M. tying to a floe three miles off shore. [The specific gravity of the surface wafr is ,-opied from the fonrlli number of the Board of Tmde A PPRNDIX. 1 '?!) July, 1858. Record of the Wkathkr kept on hoard the VArriT Fox, mitfi oenerm «E.-\IAUKS. DAY. 41. . / 8Ii. /. '■ ,11 Noon, f> .11 41i. 8li. Midiiiglit. hm Spwilii' liny, nf Swt Wulir, 1.(1, 28-, 1 hi II (i ./'" ''"1 4 f a ,/' " u 2711 i; h ,■ (1 (( r r //* f n /- r f lIVT) n 1(1 u 12 13 1, b I, 11 />r. If l,r 11 li 270 1, o ,/ s (I .f <• c r h c If (• o 11 i( 270 14 ir, ](i 17 (• r <• f, r r o (1 n <■ 7 ,■ he o ft c a r f (( (( r hr 27r. 270 IS f h r f, 1, ti c li ,'. h f ft ^Sl'i 20 h h r It II 21 1, (■ }, he n /, 22 h c «( h r h /. r '^7"i 23 1, r (1 ^^ h (( 24 h c (( ^1 <( r 25 1, r (( It o.>r, 2(1 I, r tt (1 II ''Ci 27 l,r a f /.,■ 28 h r *' " II 21) C " r h ,■ 3(» 1 " 111 o c III Y r r m u r c o m r C (■ III 11 (1 o 1- 2:10 NOTES TO JULY RECORD. 3( . Passing through loose ice ; a seal sliot. 4t .. At midnight (4tb-5th) fog cleared ofT, ti.e pack clo.e to leeward of „, lane in tt'^a^c k""^ ''' '''' ''''■ ' '' ''■ "^°- ^^ ^^^ ^-" Cont." Island ; .ore np throng,. 6th. Sailing throngi, heavy ice, thick fog at midnight, ^ja Ly.ng fast to u large floe in a confined space of water ; Cobourg Island visible to the north 2. ^zt^:^i 5"ir ts: t=i,:^r^- - - - - - - ^ - (">».netic.> 1 ■ 2^7"' ^°"^°7S/^'- --• «^thom.water; thep„ck - X , „„|,os, „,(h three nnils „„d ,„, in.n 1,„|| ihrnngh i(, mod, U\.,v]L. r'lii Mil lyo A I' P E N I) I X I . ■ '. It y \^"- VJ Q 15tli, Proceeded to CnpoWarrmulcr; ice nil round. Ifith. Lying to in a space of water off Cape Warrander .d^'wli;: tn! "^' '""" ' ^'°'''"' ^^"^" ^^'""" ''"^ '""^^ '^^ ^'"^^ "^'^ ■' --^ -^V,a,. and two SOth, Commenced boring through the pack to the S E 21st. Attempted to bore through the pack ; a seal shot 22d Attempted to bore through the pack ; a very large bear shot. S!;: Mrs t:;;f iir:::r\:r '' ' ^' ' ' '■ ''■■ -^ '-^^^- -^• 27 JI' trfd.^'Vf '',''''![' •'• '" :: ^°°'' ""' '■" '"^'' '° '^'''^' t° ">« ^°"l''^vard with it. bacTLtot ^''*' '"' '" °' ^""°" ^•^""' "^ "-' °- ■""« ««• ^--i shooting party brings wiSl i;;;^:" ^°' '"^^^^^'•^^ ■'=' ''^ -^'^ ^° ^'^'^ ^-^ -^'- -P the i„,et ; ..ootlng party re.u irns 29th. The ice in the inlet broke up; shifted ship to the land ice U mile \ P of n,„f,n v ■ . Captain and party returned. - '• °' ^"tton Point ; curr^t ^'' ''•' ""'^ '° ''^^ '" '' "'"^'^ '"• ^"« ""^t, found it too weak to make fast to ; a strong lea (Numerous unicorns were seen this month ) [Xotes on speciGc gravity of sea w.ater are from the 4th paper of the Board of Trade.] August. 1858. PEconn or .„. w..x„kh k.px o. boaub t„. Y.cnx Fox, wn.. okn.^u, REMARKS. DAY. 41i. 81i. 1 2 ;i 4 n (! 7 8 9 10 11 la i;3 14 15 i« 17 18 19 20 2i 22 23 2-1 25 2fJ 27 28 29 30 Ml r g 1 /, , hr r r 1, •1 h /, , III 1/ III It (i II a f h r V r hr r n V r r h m h r '• m c r fi .' r s hi- r n f (1 (1 r/s h r Noon. <( 7ii o r o m o (1 (( f, r r hi- ll,- !■ r 4h. '■ (I h ,- h r ., Ill O fj III o h I- ll III h ,- I, r i( gl.. h r Y u II I- oil hi- fr r o r o r c h V R V o s l( /, ,• Midniglit. /. r h III II r Spociflc Orav. ol' Si'a Wuti:r, I.ti. r n in I- 235 235 24(1 2011 2311 220 210 NOTES TO AimilST liKCORD A I" P !•; N D I X 131 to tile !a:!2± "" '"'"'■'' "'""''' '"""^ '"' ' ''■ ''•' ^"l"'"'" '"«' 1-'^ -'•"-Ji -^"^ "P 3.1 Midnight (2-3) four natives ciimc on board; endeavoi-ing to beat out of I'ond's liay 4 I. 1 onnd the current to set westward along the north shore ; whales seen. 7(h. A bear shot. 8th. A heavy gale with very heavy sea. loth. Many walrns seen ; passed through a few streams of ice ; 9 P, M., rounded Cape Ilurd in tl'.ck fog; grounded in the mouth of Kigby Bay ; floated off; a bear shot. ' 11 h. A bear shot; anchored inside Cape Kiley and commenced taking on board coals. Island!' "" '" '"°''°" "■'"' ""* "^^ ' '"'^"'^ ^'""^ ^- 1^"«^ ^'"^ ^^'^^'""S stores from Bcechey 14th. Proceeded to Becchcy Island ; anchored off the house in five fathoms off tw. ^','1 ^°l ^"''^ "°"""" "' "^ ^- ^^' ''^ ^"- ^O" ""^ C'^P^ "°tl""" depot, landed and brought off two whale boats; proceeded to the westward ""u uiougui ob!Jrvtl ?!!r"' ''\ ^Y ^°""' ' ^'- ''^■' ^"1''= ^■■'^""^ ^^- ^3° E., and Cape Lyons N. 50° W. ; .xZf traits.' "" ""'' "" '''"'' '''°'° '^''^"^ ''"P° ""S^^ ^'^ '^^'^^''"^^ ^"y ; »>-« "P for 18th. At 2"- 15'"- A. M., passed Limestone Island ; 4 P. M., off Capo McClintock • 9 P AI steam X^V r'of w:ir;';t::;"'' "^'^ ^- "^"' """''' ""'°"^ '° ''°'^ Lec,.old in sUen fl^msTT" 20n!' S^onff '^r' °" ^'''"''''" ^'''"' ' ^"- ^'^'"- ^- ^^^- '"''^^« ="" *o t''« southward. JU II -SO-- A. M., passed Fury Point in a snow shower; 4 P. M., off Cape Garry 8" 30>"- biyS rrtiir;::. '"'''-'' ^-^ ' -'-'' ^ -^ -'- -^^^ '' = ^"'- ^^■■'■' ---^^ '- ^ moUon wttll^r vf °'; '"'"^!-r """"''' '" ^"'' """""S'' "'^"°' ^'"''''' '■"""'J '* <■"■> °f '"oso i^e in rapid proviirs! ' '°"^ ' '''"'"''^ '° ^'P°' """^ ' •=^'='^'='' "^ '""" -^"^ '""^'^'^ "^ orI"f """f 'T.T'' ^"■'"''' """"» '' ^"" *■"" °f '°°-^« ''-•«: -'^'«'^«d in a harbor .the head of I ort Kentjedy at lO". 30- A. M. in 1 1 fathoms ; at 6 P. M. Captain and boat part! !:'2tr,ir"^'°" ''- ''- ''^'^'^^'^ ''-'''-- ^^— *""«' »"-• or deer see;::;": 31st. Several deer seen inland. ,:i l:i2 ai'1'i:ndix. r,) Septemb er, 1858. llr X'OUD OF TIIK WeATIIKU KKl-i ON llOAUJt TMt Vacht l\i\j WITH llENERAL ■ RKMAKKS. I)AV. 41.. h h r III 8li. /. r Noon. 41.. 8''. Midnight. (t ] a ti h r h 4 (( (( r. h r /■r (t (( s a (I l(i r o s A/- 17 s (( t( ti 18 i'.i 1' hr o '' r (( r o ti 2i> ./■>• (( tt •21 (( r o s t( 22 23 f it it hr (( ti r o it 24 h r s ii /, 2r, r s z r /. r 2li 27 28 o s U r ti n a (( ti r o m s it 29 It i( 30 ( (( 17 z 11 .» x z (( z 18 1!) 20 21 z m s ■1 m s n h r (( (( (( a (( a It 22 2;} 24 h z h m m s 7.'l .i C HI s 111 z f,,' " 1 (1 j .s 25 2(i tit. h tn ■ hr n ,s' h Z ti in It '- .• .s- : X i tl 27 /. - (( hl- z (( 28 /, a t( 4t (f 29 /, ,• ,t ^^ tt (( 11 30 31 III .- 1)1 z m 711 S Z l( m s (i m A z m (1 tt NOTES TO OCTOBEK RECORD. 2il. Two small Iscnls of deer seen. 3d. 10"- SO"-- P. M. lightning observed. 4tli. Three ptarmigan seen. 5th. Two herds of deer seen. 6t!i. Ileindeer seen. Ttli. A few reindeer and ptarmigan seen. 8th. A reindeer shot; 10 P. M. comet visible. 9th. 10 P. M. comet visiole. loth. Four reindeer seen. 12th. One reindeer seen. 13th. Built an icc-houso for magnetic observatory. 15th. Thickness of ice formcu since the third, 9/ inches 2()th aT' ","'!'"' ""'^ P*""*^ '^'''^''^ *° """y '''^I'"^ ''"^^•» '^'^ «'e«t coast of noothia at 8 A M 20th. A hare shot ; many seals seen in the open water in the straits • 8 P M 1,1 nl T.f dmmcter about 45°. straits , S 1 . M. halo round the moon, 22d. 8 P. J[. Prismatic halo around the moon oo!l!' V' ^. TT '" "'" ^- ^''- t''^""' 200 above the horizon]. ...H^ ^^tLmit:^::;^;;s;;t:rz:i:"Tr '• --'^ t '' ""-' '-'- "'^°- '- 30th. A hare shot, two dSJ s^/^j pTI!:::^:;:^';;^^''^^^'''''-''' "^^ ^'''^''^•^ 3 1 St. I wo ptarmigan shot ; 1 P. M. faint aurora in the N. W. ' i \m \ / 1, i' ^^ I ■ •J 1 r 1 y ■-xi li l'-l 134 APPENDIX. November, 1858. Kkcoh. o. ™k Wk.xhkh k.. o. bo..hi, xh. Y.cht Pox, ..a okkb«.. UE.^lAllKS. 2h. 4ii. 1 m s 2 m » br z 4 h z .1 h ill <) hm 7 m 8 1, r 9 b c in 10 b 11 b m la b III 13 b u VI s 15 lit z ll> b f III 17 111 s 18 III s 1!) b <• III 20 b r m 21 m 22 b i' III 23 b III 24 b III 2,5 b 2(i b z 27 111 z 28 III z 2!) b III z 30 III o z 6li. Ill o 111 II 8li. lOli. Korin. /. Ill 2ii. b III b ,■ a b III br 4h. /, ,• /-,• fill. b m z 8li. b <■ III II b m m z b<: b III bin III lOh. // III b r 111 lit z s HI S VI m s c m h r in « ti U it u U (( h m z (( f( tt (( hi' <( (( It (1 a (( u ti u <( ! " i b III " h v m III z JH S Z b c »l s in s be II /> c m C HI s b c m III bin it II '■ C Hi s (1 b III n li III b l( br it t( bz ' " (f /- III z b III NOTES TO NOVEMBER RECORD. Jli' YTv ""'';?" ""^' P'"'*^ "-^turned ; a recent deer track seen. Jtu. [10 1 . .M. faint aurora from S. by E. to W S W 1 nh. and 8tb. [10 P. M. aurora faint in S W ] " ?9^i ^YniZ"'" "^f^'''" ^- ''•"^ ^'- 10° '^'^^^^ ''"••■•zon, 10 P. M. 4th n P 11' ? ■"' ''''"'' '"'■°" "'" "°''''"^''" '^°"^°" '° »'« ^enitb. 14111. 10 f. M. faint aurora between S. W. and AV X W 23d. 10 P. M. a halo around tlie moon. 24th. Three i)tarmigau seen. 26th. 8 P. M. several willow grouse seen ; tw deer seen. Mid't. bill b III A A I'l'KXDIX. L35 NOTES TO DKCEMBER jRECORD. 1st. Four ptarmigan seen. !?; ^L^r, 'Y;' ^"''' '""■°'''' '" ^- ^- ^*"''"'>' '''^°»t ^8° ^^'^^^e horizon. the il'oriL'n^i'i: oTr;;!! ^"'''''' '°" '• ^° ^- ^^' ''• ^^"^°"="'' ^°""')' -^'-'^ ^-^'^ »'>-« oxfondlnt^!""'"f " '","' ^T '^ ^' ^^' ""'" ""''"'f^''^ ^"'•°^'' '■■•<'™ l'°rizon between S E and W to S E.::i^;-yi'p';;:;y'"= ''''''''''■ ^^^ -^^ -^-^"^ '« ^- ^- W. and across zenith from N. W. Cth. 8 until 9 P M, pale aurora between W. and S. E., about S^o a,,ove hori/.on. 8 h. A (ox caught; 8 P. M., aurora in the S. E. [about 40° above hori/.on 1 yin. A fox caught. -■ 10th. A fo.x caught. 11th. 10 P. M., several shooting stars. 12th. 5 to 7 P. M., bright aurora between E. by S. and N. W. [Bright from N W to S F (through S. ( about 00° above Lorizon._i?. of T. Papers ] JN- ^ . to S. E. S W n h" ■' ^^ "r"'"''" '^'■'"° ®' ^- ^'""""Sl' E. to K W. ; 10 P. M., aurora between S E and llhTt 8 rr-, C2,''°"'^°-"--n.-/i.o/r.P«;,.„.] Ptarmigan seen. '"""'' ^' ""^^ mh 6 P. M„ a lunar halo, diameter about 450. [Thickness of ice, .■? fee. 1 inch I 19tl). A covey of ptarmigan seen. -' 20th. 8 P, M., n lunar halo, diameter 4.5^. December 1858. Record of tue AVeatheu kevt on board the Yacht Fo.x, ^VIT^ general REMARKS. nAY. 2)1. 411. CI'. 8li. 101>. Noon. 2ii- 411. CI.. 81.. 101.. Mid»t. 1 be 11 1 1 2 he (1 i( II (t i( (( tl 11 II .3 1, h c 11 b m be II b It 4 f) b m z he u 11 It m : h e It h III z i( It It 11 II tl tt II It ■J he (1 (( m b e It tl b II 11 7 be : u i m /. 11 " /, if b m z 11 >t 8 b l( It jj ii. 11 tl 9 10 11 hm be in h r m b m tl c m a b e lit II h m z h III hm 11 vt 11 If m z II 11 h ill z tl It II It II (1 m s 12 13 14 be 1, h bm It (( he It 11 It It It bz tl b m z tl b e ., tl tt 11 it hm 11 it tt If 1,5 16 be z b m z (1 11 bz 111 z i( h z b m z II 11 br. bm bz tt It It 17 h h c II h c z " tt be tt " 18 19 m b e c m 11 II It b e be II tl b }n tt tt II It 11 tt '20 h e 11 brz m h c VI It it 11 b II 21 e III z It It ni » h m .'. a " 7/i S }fl s •' m 11 i( II s 7>l It bm II b 24 m s b c it 11 11 1/ 111 b e III be b z ;( II h m m s m 11 111 a It It II •ir, 2(1 27 b e 711 Z 1( (1 m hz m z b m h z II It 11 m tt f> m q b r z b c in tt 11 b m z 11 tt 111 Z 1( tf It m z 28 29 30 b e z b b c 11 11 be h 11 11 bm h m 11 he tl ft b m z It ii tl It It b m z b tt II It ft 31 b e (( b 1: tt hm b e It II It t m ! 1 b m z 11 11 711 Z "1 i:;i; P:/. I' . \ '.-J 'rf -A ^ It A I'PRN'PI \- 2Pi(l. A i>tarm!. b III bm Oil. 81.. b m : b r. lOli. Noon. 2ii. 4ii. fill. b z b III b III bm m 7 b m z b m m z III s III z VI z H br. b r m b III b III z b in bm b III III s it b m b III z bz m m a bcz h m bvii b r z b III z be b bm III z ' ' i " i 1 " 1 ** h m it 1 be (4 b HI s j biz j b III b c III z *' m z 1 * b m (( 1 ** ! m z n h m bcz be b c z 1 r ' bz 41 (> m 1 * 1 m (t I /. m 1 be hm b f bz I b bz u c m 11 111 z m (i /; e bm II b III b m br z be bz b c III b III z b III z b III bz bcz b III be bz b e b III lOli- b m b m z b b m bz b b e Mid't. b z I b b m b ,11 b c III b z bm bm bz b z b ,/ z b c I I b III b m h b tn z. NOTKS TO FKURUAUY UKCORD. 8th. 8 P. M. aurora in tlic S. W. 9th. Some ptarmigan soen ^. j':: ;:r;s:::r;it: :r;,;i"i« "°"- '- --* - ™- - ■ 24 til. Two white fo.xes caught. 25th. A wliite fox cauglit. > I l;{s ^\ I'l'K.NUIX. r, p^ * ..''» :^^ March, 1858, ll„,„.„ ,„■ ,,„ „,:,„„.„ ,.„., „, „„,„„ ,„, ,,„ UEMAKKM IIT t'oX 4i he It 1, tt • 4 III Ac (t A Ar - - , tt - - - '/ ,■ .- 1/ in z I, I, r l.m hi- ll I- 41 14 he ,n ' V s *• /,,■ 4k b III 41 (4 44 ** 1 '/ V. 44 1 *' A m ft HI l> m c 44 44 44 // m .N(/J'KS TO JIAKCII UECOIU). -'il. .>' -^''"t- a ...u., .aned lo^;!;: i:^:;;? ,:;;; ^:;::S^^^^- >«^ ^^^ ...^ .eae,. ., , ... M. r.. Wa,l.r With J ••tl'. 'I'wo bears seen, and two i.tarmignn .sl.ot. -Utii. A hare seen ; a ivliite fox eaugl.t' -'1st. A hure seen. • •^•2d. A liare seen and a white fo.v caught • sevn,! ,.f • •^3d. A hare seen and a ptarmisran Zt [\ l't'»'-'n,gan seen. ^^th. A ptarmigan shot a "r^^ :,;':;'!":;: '^""^"^ ' '^"-'^ «''-'^ -tirel, tree ^.n, vapor. .5th. 10 A_M.,,r, Walker and part, retid'^"'-^^^''- ^hiu. iwo hares seen. asth. A hare and a ptarmigan shot- 8 I' M c * • ,- aoth. A parhelion on each side of the sun a ,1! n!''i" "',""' "'"' ''"'''' '■''""■'"''' '"'•"■" ^'"'y «^''H''-. --' l"''^^^'-'-' '""d to n-. and S. W. and ollu'rve, ' ' ""' " '""■^ ■^^■'■■" = "^ '"i^-slit aurora «il '• 11 I- -M. aurora in west seen between land and observer. A iM'Kxnrx. l:{!) April, 1859. UKruan o, tuk Wkathkh kkpt on noARi. t,.« ^■Ac..T Fox. unn ,. llE.MAIlliH. 4h. /. (■ » 1( h 1,,- I, hr • r m H K.NEriAr, 111,. n r h r ., - o z h h r : li m A n ,■ „.■ or. It r s H "'■" o III u s z 1 " NOTKS TO Al'Rir, RKC'dlU). ..;^:.ASp'^; ,:; ;;;;„;-•;-;: z::::' -' ' - "■' -'■■ "" ■ -■■»■ 4th. A whito wolf prowlinsr about the sliip. fith. Travelling pnrty detiinicd l.v weather .a.:!i'at::;:;::g,r- "^ "'"'"'" ^-""^ "-' -••^"■^ ^""^ ^'^ -- -• '•■•'"- -r w^ies. 9t'h' Xotic^TdT"' ^^f°''"'^»"M"ite free from vapor; two p,ar„„>nn shot. ^^_i)tl.^Xot,ced a second space of w„„„. i.. ,e,lot Strait. s„,„l,er and a...,„ ,wo n.iles f..r,l.er west 10th. A Imrc -ioen. nth. A hare seen ; thickness of iee formed since Oct. .Id, C, feet 2 inche. I'Stn. A raven seen. 201!;: ^h^i!:::'^''"''^^'^''^'''^"'"-'-^''-'^^^ lit A ™ ::;:,;. ''^""'"^ '""^""" ''"■^ '-''' -^ "'^•" - -'^" ^'"" «'• ^"" ^ -i^--.. a-.t .. ..r. 26th. Two hares seen. 2Tth. A hare seen. 28th. A bear and two cubs seen. [.No anrora reported.] 11.0 A I' PR XI) I X it If 'T May, 1850. IIkuoud ok ti,k We VrilKIl KKIT (J.N IHlAKll TlIK "K.M.\IIK.S. Vaciit Fox, with oenebal 1 OAT. 1 Kk 81. II Nton, 4h. - _ 1 2 3 4 fi H \ h,z i 81' llh. A (■ " f »; ; A,., 1 ( Ai z HI lit fi 7 o in ! m ti n z n "V "11" A ,• m 1 A ,» 1 /. ,■ /« .'( A ' l» w K " "' " h r )i A ,. A H " '■ /. ,• '■7 A r )) 1(1 11 he h 'r- ' ;: j i .ft «'" " / A <■ 24 1 " 1 .. II s 2r. ;; l"l n ," '• '' " .'/ ;; V !■ r. H u it it A , Ac 2n „ tt M a:' s It c h c tl ;'" h ,: h <; (1 t( A' ■*' i "" osm (i it .« A r It (t ~" ^ 1 NOTKS TO MAY RECOUD. 1st. Prismatic pnrlielion mul port of halo on cicli =i,Io nf .i 3cl. Two ravens seen. The water suZinlxfl J '""' ''"•'"* "''"'" 23'^. 4tl.. A white wolf seen. ' ' '"' ' "'"" "'"^■'' '""'-■"^'-'J '" ^Ment, 5th. Parhelion and part of hnlo on eaeh side of sun llth. Ice formed sinee Ort ^d iq'^q k r i j ■ . 10(1, T- 1 ' ^^^' ^ '^^ct 4 inches; several hares so,.., soJlh !hr '■ ""^^^ ^^^"- ^'"^ -"" '-'^ °^ -'- .-iced in'uirS- l.ween To. Tsl , and 13th. Two hares seen , 8 P. M, fi„o snow fallinfr !"• ,-^ ^T^ ''''"'■ '''°' ; tip to tip C feet 1 inch, i.^tn. 1 wo hares seen. 1 fith. Two hares seen ; part of Captain Vonn^'s party returned t . Two hares seen and two snow buntings shoJ. ' ' 18th. 1 wo hares and some buntings seen. 19lb. Three seals ond one wolf seen 1^: i^oZiS'tr^'-rs '2::.:t r" "- ^- ^ - - ■>-«■« '*.. two l.arca .een ; ,I.o rccci.t track, of »'vi.„ ,l,o"r ,1 ° „T« i "'1" '"''" '°""'"' ""' ^ '"«'■" '" i 2« . A p., ,c.», ,„ „„.„ ,.,.„.,„„ jr,?.: :■"""• Snth. A fo.\ seen; also several buntin-rs shot- tln.,>„ i 3')th. One bunting seen one finch .hl^' r '"'.-.'^"""''stors see,, flying north. Cap...in Voung. "' ""'' ''''' ^"^ "'- -'1 ^'-V started for i"e,nmican Rock to foin APPKXPIX. 141 June, 1850. l!i;i.,i(i) OF TIIK WkATIIF.H KKIT (in 1" »I1I> TIIK V A( riT Fox, WITH UENEUAL UEMAUKS. HAY. fill. • «''. 1 ifu„„. 4h. 8h. nil. 1 •) 4 O III » o r II m o H z hit hr 11 11 11 14 If 11 r, h /- r ii 1! 7 il f, 1, r It V ti r 11 I, II hr 11 11 hi) il he /, ^ " riei, III II If 1(1 be. li n r III /■ 1, r u h ,- ,, • 1 h " !2 h 41 /* V '* h ,■ ., h r r V :n 1, '* ft h II H (1 /' V II II /, It 11 11 II ! n (t II r /// r 17 II (I /. , '* il h,-^ 18 /, "/ 11 lit Il r (, c r " m ft c hr ai II (1 r 1, r It / r hr 11 1!1 o II u r il II In- f (1 i: h r HI u V f," r 24 2,1 Il <■ f. i> in 11 M u a 1.,: II It it V. 2(i h r t( 11 11 11 27 28 s Il i: (1 h II 11 11 11 11 29 Il i: II 11 II 30 1, r j f >> c s c u hr. 11 11 tl „ , . , . NOTES TO J[J.\E RKCOUD. 2(1. A liiiiitinj; seen. 3.1 Sorao gull3, a I,u„ti^^,^ „,u1 a raven seen ; black bulb thermometer in snn's rays, 93° in niaximo 4t .. Some ,eesc, gnlls and bunting seen , a bear ea„,e near tl.e ship ; a fo.x shot a on.si. e 5th. So„.u bnuting and a ,ull =-n ; some small pools of water to astward of Fox Island in the conrse of current of straitB; sev, r. pools of water to E. N. E. and N. E. in IJe^ent-.s Inle ' h" ? nZrt ' " f """,""*"' "''^-1 of lmrbor-llo„ feet (aneroid) , a small eairn on top. 7th. Cpta.n\oung returned on board; a raven, several ducks, and bunting seen; three rLdeor cr.3ss>ng the .ce to northward; remainder of Captain Young's part; returned, imi / , "' " '"""''' "'"' " ''"" ''"' ' "''° '""'" buntings and .sandpipers. vlg ai^ t^ta tS:'!::i;:""^^' '^"'' ^"-"'"'"^^ ^^^" > ^"-^ •^"""■■^^ "-^ -"^^'l- ^'-^ ; Captam 1 1 th. Several buntings and gulls seen. 12th. Two sandpipers shot. a llri^'l!!'' '''""' "' "■^'^^ /'^«^'>'"^'' oppoMfolia) ; a fox caught, and some buntings shot ; a deer a I ar , some geese, gulls, and duck seen ; ice formed since Oct. 3. 4 feet inches. ' ' Ju.L 7 ""'^'°" ""'' I""-'y >-«""-'»''l on board, bringing documents and relics of Franklin's e.xp d tion from wes sue of King.William's Land ; some duck and sandpipers seen. ^^^I^oth. Ma.Mmum, black bulb thermometer in sun's rays, 9r.o.5 ; three sandpipers shot; .some gulls Ifith. Two long-taileJ dueks and two sand-.ipers shot; some duek,s and gulls seen. ■ S "v'll ', i" f "''": "''° ■''-' '""' ' ""° "^'"^ ''•"' '^° ■«"«■'-'-' ^l»eks shot. iNtli. oeveral ducks and one seal seen. obtain'' 1 ?'''"'" ;^^'^""'°''' "'"' """'y '''=^""'"' °" ''°"'-^'' '"•"•«!"?? "-elic^ of Franklin's cxi.oditinn i h "I ^ -j < < y^- 1 142 20tli, 2 1. St. 22(1. 23(1. 2 nil. 25tli. 2Gtli. 27tli. 2Stli. 20tli. 30th. APPEXDIX. Two (liieks sliot. One sen! sliot. JVelvc ducks and one Imre shot; soal soon. t've d>,cks and one red-throated diver shot; a seal seen !• onr dncKs and fonr deer .seen. One duck and one diver shot. One duek shot. One duek and one plover shot, two deer seen t onr plover shot. One chjer seen ; two dneks shot ; one ermine eanght 'Several geese seen, anil a dnck shot. July, 1859. Recoiu) of the Wpxtw^mTZ ' ' 2d. 3d. 4th. 5th. 6th. 7lh. nth 12th I3th 1 4th. 15th. lOlh. NOTKs TO .,n,v ni.;coun. I wo dneks and two divers fit. Four ducks and two gulls shot. Three ducks and one seal shot. Commenced tide observatiM". „„„ J t Two hares seen. ' """ ^''''^' °"'' '^''■'^'' ""^ " silvery g,dl shot; an ermine seen . Several lanes oft ! ;e'' . k ^ -^ ^T! '"""^^" "' '""°' «'-"- • One seal shot. ° " ' '"'" ' '"» «'■'»'« ^I'ot. One hare shot, and an ermine seen. Three seals shot. Two ducks shot. Al'J'ENDlX. 143 ITth. I. sill. 'J4tll. 25th. 2(itli. 27tli. L'8lli. 2111I1. until 2 5 A. M ••lear of I'oiiit. 30tli. ili-iftud 31st. A fo.\ .seen. A soul shot, and another taken from a bear; u gnll un.l a duck .hot, An usnk .seen. Several (locks of ducks flying eastward. liellot Straits clear of ice as far us ^V(..stern Head. Ice breaking up around the shi]) ; II gulls shot. A large e.\tent of harbor ice commenced drivin.r" out .. .ce commencea drifting eastward ; 9 A. M, ,n,.de sail to '. light ^.'^t^^TT^'l, l the .ce, and proceeded tnto Port Kenned,; 1, .V. M., anchorci in ., ^thr:«- ib:l!vatS;;; Ice breaking away from head of harbor; outer harbor almost clear; ir..30.' oul of the ship; several gulls shot. ^"',11 ^u Two gulls and one duck .shot. harbor ice August, 1858. llKcou. or xu. ^V.,,nm kk,. o.n .o.u. .... y,,.,, ,,,,, ,,,,„ ,,,^„ ^^ KE.MAltKH. 41I. 8h. ' Noon. m c [ (i j f, r in r r r r. c 1 h c It b > be /, c he V 1: r V V. r •' (1 HI H 1 " hH u <• s 1 f m ' i n V c f /• " hr. " C'l " V It ti r r (( m h III r 7 " '• 7 h r. t /. (4 b 1* ft h m he It c f> t: It c n II c ,. 4t he a It he ti he i( n n r. h e b 4( he /, h e ti h h l( he NOTKS TO AUGUST RECORD. Ist. One seal and liftccn ducks shot; also two gulls 3d. 4'' 30'" A. M., thunder. ' 4th. JJcllot Straits and I'ort Kennedy clear of ice 5th. A seal shot, (ith. A deer and two seals shot. "111. Harbor full of drift ice. Sth. Ice stationary ; 8 1>. M,, ice sotting into the hurbor. he h .■ m he r c f/ r lit r her, ./' tf ./■ h ./'<•■ o e h e h,n o e O I' H~ h III h in m c U III Muliiiglit. o r he h h III a 1 r n r '1 III r hi, J ' 1 m r s III r b r s tf be tf tl ft h It h ft f( U-t AIM' END IX. i-/ '>"■.; - \ > '-f ou J, u,u 1 iua,S"; off Alt. Oliver; 8 to 1., steering between paek un.l land. . ; ; •' '" ''^ ^^ ■ "''"^' '""^ ! '''«■' "•«''^'' "™'' '"'•J'liKl't ; rise 7*- feet . A w, to whale shot, 13 feet 2 inches long; pack elosing in CWell iJay 12 11. Ice driving to sonthwtstwanl; no water visible in Cresswell l!av or in \ V ■ a. i tide (lowed until nii.lnight ; water rose 10 feet. ^ t.s«cii i,a> o. ,n .N. L. ; a seal seen ; 13tli. Pack in oiling drivinar sou''i"""stvnrt] • ti \ \i \ „„ . • -i • „ Itlh T-t n^" '>"■'' '','''?'^' "" ■^'"■"■"■^^^"■■^"' ; "'='»y '1»<.-l V. 1 U., distant 0' ; ice seen extending from Leopold ].land eastward ' ' ' Ini:;^o:;:^'r'"r tn ';::;:r "^ ^'^^"'" ^^ '-'-' '-■• "' ^°- ^-^ ^^ ■ ^-^'"^ ^^^'-"^^"^ laih 4 AM., two miles off Wollaston Island ; running among loose ice ; midnight (10-20) pussin- round Cape I'yam .^lartin, distant 4'. ° i- 1.'-^ -o;, passing JW' """"' "" ""''" '""'■'"'' '"''"'' ' ^ ■ ' '^ '"" """ ^"'^ '^"l'^ ^'-^ ; « 1 • ^I- o«- Cape Graham 21 St. Xo (loo ice visible. 22d. .Some rotcliies seen ; passed several bergs. 23d. f 5 bergs in sight; saw some stream ieo in cast ivard. 24th. A few bergs in sight ; 9 P. M., saw the land aljoiit Swartc Hook. 25th. A finback whale seen ; rotcliies seen. 2(!th. Saw the land about Mellem Fiord; 4 P. M,, off Disco Fiord. 27th. 2 A. .M., anchored in (jlnihavn Harbor in "Jh fathoms, fc^periiic gravity of sea water — 21,st, 1.0278. i,4th. 1.0270. --•'■ l-^'-'"'- 25th. 1.0205. „, ,, , 2-'^'- l-"^''-'^- 2Ctli. 1.0275. 31st. [Aurora slight in S. \V. (true i II P. M.—71. of T. Paperf.] t 'S September, 1859. U ECOUU OF liiE Wkat.ikh keit O.N lio.uti) TUE Yaciit Fox. with jeneuaj. HE.MAUK.S. DAY. 4h. 811. NOOH. 4b. SI'- Midnight. SpBclftc Gmv. Ill' Soil WaliT, 1.(1 1 be I( 1, 2 o c li c (t II c 3 fi r c /) 1- *' 280 4 li 11 I' III c 272 ;■> 1: r u 2(18 « 7 c w i: it u r T li V y l 1 ■ a' Of a ^ X r ii- V. ■"o o - . -■5 " ^, ss. 5 'i "' : 5^ 1 > -^ * {■ '■ - .'■ ■< ■; •• ■ >., j_. .1 J- ' _-- ■ , fO Mk^J^-'"" ' s. ;_ i- ■;":\. ""■^ 5 ' ,%■ 3' -■, "m ,e^ ^f' /-: / A '-y^^^ / % 7 if ■* / ,f^>>^ ix I ^^>-- " ,....:...f ^X. .-^^ . --w" /