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'■ ^ V ' i> '-■ .\ INSTRUCTION IN FARMING ./ 1lV€-: i ■ ; V . '•/: ,. ■ ,-i L :' ^, ■/■-:■ ' .V'. IN THE ' ! , r ,;':,T < V \ .v; ' ■< :^ •I- .1 i ■ ?-t •>; •> * ■ .- "-. ' ■■■?„ IITED STATES & CAIADAf < ■• .- >• . '• V-..!;, . li ^. . , / ^^-t-,. . ^ V *,,, ■. *■ ;..■■ , I -i •' W ,>.. !>.•- ' /'■ [a Self-Supporting Occupation and Opening in Life for Gentlemen's Sons, and a prudent way of .^^^i^'-'^ V # starting for any who desire to engage - in Agriculture in America, vi -;(^. ^w;v; ■'( '.■>»l:\V VQnD,,Rj{TiiBgMS 4 IMLtSiS •Vl ,j, 'V lyr*" ""^ '"'" 1 i % PRACTICAL SUGGESTIONS ▲S TO INSTRUCTION IN FARMING IX THB UiMTED STATES AND CANADA. A Self'Sttpporting Occupation and Opening in Life for Gentlemen's Sons, and a prudent way of starting for any who desire to engage in Agriculture in America. Young gentlemen desiriner to learn American agriculture objeott ani " ° . . ° . Scope or the and stock raising tliorouglily, with a view to commencing sy»*«°»« work on farms of their own, when they have gained sufficient experience, can be placed with carefully-chosen farmers in the best districts either of the United States, or Canada, where they will receive board and residence in addition to monthly pay, so that from the commencement they can be self-supporting and start successfully. The system requires on the part of the pupil the same attention to the farm and actual labour as the owner of the farm and his sons are accustomed to bestow upon it, and almost anyone who has thus learned farming, can engage in it profitably on his own accoimt; (1) by the purchase of land for cash ; (2) on time payments extend- ing over a term of years; (3) by joining the farmer he is placed with, or some of his English companions ; (4) by taking a farm on the share system, a plan commonly adopted in the States ; (5) by acquiring 160 acres free- JL 2 rosition of hold, and free of cost, under tlie Homestead* Act. In either of the last two methods ho can, if necessary, commence with little or no capital beyond that which he may save out of his earnings ; and though the progress then will be slower at first, it is the way in which many, and in some districts the majority, of American farmers begin. The leading principle of the system we have originated is to make the young men self-supporting from the first, and in this way the self reliance so necessary to success in a new country can best be acquired. To send them out without the imposed obligation to work, and to earn honest payment for their services would not lead to habits of industry, and to that practical acquaintance with every part of the business without which they could not safely be hereafter trusted with farms of their own, while the '- aer himself would have over them no such control as . aid ensure his being able to teach them properly. The farmers selected to receive young men are chiefly those cultivating from 1 60 to 600 acres as mixed grain and stock farms, which are the size and description most general in the States ; and as it would probably be on farms of this acreage that the majority of those going out would commence for themselves, it ^.s unquestionably better for them to gain their experience in this manner than on larger farms ; those, however, who desire to learn on larger farms, and can afterwards command the capital necessary to start and carry them on, can be suitably * The fees on entering a Homestead amount to about £3, nnd absolute title is given after proof of five years' residence and cultivation each year of some portion. A capit'il of £100 would be sufficient to enable a younar Englishman to commence in a small way for himsalf. Ic may be obsarved, howevar, that xnany Amoricans st .rt successfully with even smaller amounts. Act. In ecessary, at which ugh the way in ority, of 'iginated the first, iccess in hem out to earn habits ;h every t safely hile the itrol as irly. > chiefly i grain m most n farms ; would ter for lan on irn on capital litably lute title of some [llshman rer, that ■'■B /'Stf )laced for that purpose, though the advice in all cases is that they should commence in the smaller way. To those who j)refer an active out-of-door life to the Prospects, f sedentary occupation of an office, or who seek, but are I unable to find, an opening in England which will permit thorn to earn an income and maintain themselves, this i occupation must specially commend itself ; for the life is J a manly, honest, self-reliant, and healthy one, and a sub- mstantial living can be the result. " But whilst it ofi'ers an assured future to those who will I acquire habits of industry, and are content to live soberly land economically, it is not desired to suggest change to Isuch as have already settled occupations here, or to cause the slightest feeling of disappointment to those who go out through any highly- coloured representations of the life. Experience has shown that the best and proper way to Howtoiearn. start farming is by learning the business thoroughly at tho outset in the manner here suggested, and without the aid of capital. Capital is of little or no use without experience, or, at any rate, a fair knowledge of farming. Of course, where capital is wanting, progi-ess will be slower at first, but whilst on the one hand thero are many who have started without money and are yet prosperous, there are many more, especially among the English, who, after beginning farming with considerable capital, have lost it for lack of industry and experience. The course here recommended is, that the learner should Practical Experience ^ go out with a view to live and work precisely as the farmers themselves, their sons, and their men do, because the proper plan for anyone who intends to engage in farming is first to acquire this practical knowledge and 6 Nature of Work. Independence. PrMtioe and Theory. experience, even if he have, or should hereafter have, the command of capital ; and it is the only way in which those starting without capital, or with only a moderate amount, can become successful. As to the work to be learned, it is the custom for farmers, especially in Canada and the Western States, to do the work themselves with but little hired help, and it is necessary, therefore, for a pupil not to be above learning to use hi? hands. Personal labour is not con- sidered in the least derogatory in America, but is regarded as a title to social respect ; and as hired labour is generally expensive, especially at busy seasons of the year, such as harvest, it is customary for a farmer to exchange work with his neighboi . ; the new settler, therefore, stands at a disadvantage, if, through being unable or unwilling to work, he is compelled to hire labour, or if his two days' time are only worth his neighbour's one day. Those, therefore, who do not propose to learn farming by actively helping with the daily work, but wish to idle about towns, or only to ride about and overlook others, are not recommended to go under this system; for, though they might honestly believe they were doing all that was necessary for their future success, they would eventually find they had been acquiring only habits of idleness, never becoming thoroughly independent, but making constant demands for money on their friends at home, and permanently prejudicing their prospects. This plain view of the matter is expressed in the interest only of the pupil and his friends. We are far from painting a success to be acquired without labour, or advocating a system under which we could easily, •jnone; |them Idetai] Itraini lof thi Ibut t Ifor t] ^ -A ' doiil I of tt Zeal but ; thes i cone obi€ have, the hich those B amount, istom for States, to >lp, and it )e above not con- regarded generally ', such as ge work stands at illing to iwo days' farming h to idle : others, m; for, ioing all r would abits of nt, but Lends at in the are far J labour, ^ easily, BO desired, place young men with farmers or other ►sidents, who :vould be willing to receive them on mode- iftte annual payments without expecting their help or ixertions. Nor can a residence with English gentlemen beJK"**^ lecommended to those who go out to really learn farming, |or though there are English families settled in various districts in comfortable homes, they are usually officers or ither gentlemen who, having but recently gone out, are only lemselves learning American farming, and are, therefore, mn] interested ure need a f their pai )t at first h ement niad« d that thei on to boa Ls or inon ho locaL'tj an in so 11 [years of apprenticeship before they entered npon their career as lers To succeed as an emigrant farmer there should |t first, on one side or other of the Atlantic, an apprenticeship so ly to the business.'* [n a subsequent speech Mr. Walter says : — " I am firmly persuaded that America will become more a field enterprise to thousands of English gentlemen, farmers, and other ^6 of people Before the close of next century there be a population of 200 millions in the United States, and what ish is that more Encflishmen would go out there." The work required is hard, and a sound constitution EeatSra. sential, but the health and physical capacity are im- it the yeaipiBved by the regular exercise, and there is plenty of but havin|p|j^eation ; for at certain seasons of the year, especially in .y ? ience in thCipada or the West, there is not so much to be done on ' prefer, t^§ farm, and some time is then pleasantly spent in social 'e ready t< oyments ; sport also is plentiful. As to the profits to be derived from farming ; the Fronts, upation should afford an income comparatively free m anxiety, for the maintenance of a family, and a pro- ion for the future: — and further, it may be stated t there are many cases in which farmers in some )resentanc*^ *^® States referred to commenced without capital e necessity •'1^ have realized from £10,000 to £20,000, or more, an Amer- ^ "^ farming : this result is exceptional ; it is, however, made thf ^^ ^^ means exceptional to see farmers who came into r. Walter, ^® country originally without any money at all, now well- r who h tt"^^ ^^^ thriving. The advantages of superior education which most young Englishmen have received will, if they farm t m^^ equal industry with their American neighbours, ensure advantage, W®^^ becoming influential and respected members of the lerve a veryAmmunity, progress being much more rapid, and openings sufficient t Less as wil ith a gooi Total Outlay Premiums. Uesponsibi- lity of Agency for advancement, both in agricultural and commercial I^j^qui much, more numerous in America than in England, ^^i ^^1 author of "To Day in America " says : — ijSfeult " Life in America must have special charms for young -^^S'^iiilf tail men who have to make their way in the world." i. , , The total outlay necessary for entering on an Americ ^g^ ^^^^ farm in the manner here indicated, under the auspices of t -X g^^ agency, is : — For premium, in Minnesota and Iowa, £;.i in Canada, £60 ; in Wisconsin, £70 ; and in Kentuek, £80 ; beyond which there is no charge whatever, eitl annual or otherwise, and the only further expenses is t^ cost of the journey, and such outfit as may be taken, jiglderj These premiums cover the amount paid to the farmer, -glluld well as the agency here, and also the payment to the lo(| ; agents who receive and place the pupils on suitable f ar%| and who continue, from time to time, to advise them aij see to their welfare ; the proportion paid to the farmerj in each case specified in the agreement and receipt, ai| this amount is in each case remitted by us, and is plac^ in trust in the local bank, and paid to the farmer wh^ the contract is signed, after a month's trial has elapsey and the pupil has signified his satisfaction with the way 1 is placed ; this precaution being taken so that if any chan^j of farm is necessary it can be the more readily made. io% ceas The question may arise in the reader's mind wi^^Aes 1 should any premium be paid? It is undoubtedly trui^aeY that young men can seek, and probably obtain temporainiim fa employment for themselves without paying any premimiiigr ai for being properly directed where to go, and for beinaltval, provided with a settled home on their arrival ; but tt^ing s attempt has been found dangerous unless they have frieiidj|||Bthe Id mmercial ngland. young Englij I an Americj uspicesof t I Iowa, £oi n Kentuc itever, eitl| :penses is ►e taken. om they ran apply, and then of course the services responsible agent are not necessary. It is very iiilt for a young man without advice, in the States, to tain the best spot for his purposes; he would ably hang about large cities where employment is as ult to find as it is in England, or if he should settle some country district he must lodge in hotels, and successful in finding employment, it might only be temporary nature or with undesirable comrades or intances; and even if the consequences were not ralizing, the difficulties and expense would be very iderable. Of course, when experienced in farm life, ihe farmer; tptauld be easy enough to find suitable places, but it is ittothelo((^^e commencement that help and guidance are of so itable far%|]|^ value ; and experience shows that parents are safer 36 them aix paying a premium to ensure suitable positions, for a ;he farmer^lljain term, on the arrival of their sons, than in sending receipt, a%g^ out in a haphazard manner to seek hon ^3 for them- id is plaotelf es. A strong confirmation of this view is to be found in armer wli^g^act that parents who have sent sons under our care have, has elapsej||r a fair trial, sent other sons also through our agency, tithe way 1 ?It should be understood also that the interest this interest taken. any chan^giiticy takes in those who go out under its care does r made. i€# cease upon their settlement on suitable farms ; and it mind wufgAes to be kept informed of their progress, and to afford btedly trulilifci e^'ery advice and assistance. Their first few months L temporai^li farm is probably the most trying time of all, and ly premiuL^||r are particularly desired, as soon as possible after i for beiiittiival, to write their views, fuUy and freely, about the l1 ; but tliittig and tha work, to assist our judgment, and to show lave frieniiiftther the best arrangements under the circumstances 14 ciiange ot J nrms. Qunliftcation hn Success. W( have been made ; so that if for any reason a change se necessary (as will sometimes happen even where greatest care has been taken in selection), it may be mi without delay, under proper instructions, and before contract is closed with the farmer. In any case of do or difficulty, the pupil should at once seek and follow advice of our local representative, and should also wii immediately to this office. Where any change is m; without consulting with the agent or ourselves, we can undertake to be responsible for the result, although at |>||beg times, and under all circumstances, the best thing possiyji^ver in the interest of the pupil will be done. Our interigefliienc in his welfare is identical with his own; we take evem^ided precaution against dissatisfaction or failure, that knola base(] ledge and long experience can suggest, and any f urtl "We modification which appears necessary wiU at oncebe adopt(d||iuld It is desirable that all who propose to settle in Ameri jjip agr ehould thoroughly understand what the life is like. ^** The proper understanding of what they may expect has mi; *^ ^^^ * to do with their ultimate success. Some are sure WL say the hardships and difference in living are grea than they anticipated, and others similarly circumstanc will declare that the life is by no means so rough as th expected; all will not meet with the same success, i will not be equally contented. Some, after a thorou^ trial, may not like the occupation or be fitted for it, but these, openings in commercial life may present themselve for such opportunities are more numerous there than England. Others may not do well, from circumstanc |§ I* • over which th e agent who places them can have no contro w^^P^ and some few will be of a class who would not succee^lpderl eniec youi 15 liange sei where nay be m before ase of do id follow d also wii ige is m s, we can hough at ling possi Our inten take eve here. For the last, the kindest thing their friends do is to leave them fairly started, entirely dependent eir own exertids, and not to be continually sending money from home ; for no one need suffer want who ordinary bodily health ; and the steadiness which this steaiinoss ,e of life will sooner or later beget is an excellent e of training. The moral drawn by Eobinson Crusoe, his experience, will still apply that "the diligent well and comfortably, and the slothful lived hard beggarly, and so I believe, generally speaking, it is er the world." "We cannot be responsible for the con- ences of irregular conduct; the system here recom- ed as a safe training and a valuable opening in life that knoig Jpused upon sobriety, steadiness, and self-control. any furtli -fi^^e believe that a young man when fairly started ebe adoptfaliigfuld depend for success mainly on his own exertions, e m Ameria^ agree with a recent writer in Scrihner that is like. • ** The young man who is saved from the effort of making his own ct has mi; ^"^ ^^ ^^^ world and the necessity of establishing his own position, hyienied the most powerful stimulus to labour and development. ^|e young men who are coming every year out of the colleges and are gpreat i^ professional schools of the country, and starting into active life, rcumstanc WS^ ^^^ success or sink into failure mainly in accordance with the 1 .1 flP>unt of stimulus under which their education has been acquired. 'U&rii as th' "3^ ° Bft they have been obliged to labour until they have learned the success, 1 fllue of money j if they have been forced into close economies, and a thoroufi or it, but themselve Bre than: rcumstanc! no contn aot succe M ed also how diflBcult it is to keep it ; if they have grown up the consciousness upon them that everything they hope for in world must be won by their own unaided force and industry ; if have acquired thrifty habits and self helpfulness and self t, — they enter life with great and most assuring advantages." It is precisely this training which can be found in the iupation we offer, but though we can carry out what we dertake we cannot always ensure a successful result. 16 Expense of Journey. "We can, as Emerson says, " but accompany th 3 youth to t! gate of tlie arena, for it is certain that, not by any strength of ours but only by strength of his own must he stand i fall." Unquestionably in some cases, notwithstanding i the care of ourselves and our agents, signal failure li been more or less the result — less when the pupil h. simply been disinclined for steady application, more in thj of those of dissolute and intemperate habits. But even i*^ these latter and disheartening cases, success is not absolute! hopeless, if friends will be persuaded not to commit tl. fatal error of continually helping with money young me whom it would be truer kindness to leave to help them selves. The late lamented President Garfield, who ros by his own exertions from the humblest to the highe? station in his native country, once observed with home! triteness: — " Nine times out of ten, the best thing that can happen to ;•! young man is to be tossed overboard and compelled to sink or swin for himself. In all my acquaintance, I never knew a man to bi! drowned who was worth the saving." The entire cost of the journey to the States or Canada will be covered by from £18 to £26, according to distance and locality selected ; it includes first-class cabin on thi steamship, first-class railway fares in America, Pullman' sleeping cars, and the whole of the living expenses from' the time of leaving Liverpool until the pupil is settled on the farm. Detailed particidars of these expenses and the fullest instructions as to the journey, are supplied before departure, also letters of introduction to our agents both en route and at their destination, who are advised in advance of each sailing ; at New York they meet the vessel on arrival, assist in passing baggage through the Custom "^ ■A. Che( 17 youth to tl ny streng he stand tanding failure h > pupil Li e, and see the pupils off by train : the arrangements ugh out being so complete that no difficulty or mistake arise at any stage of the journey. The only addition to the premium and the cost of the outnt. ney is the outfit, which need not be large or expen- , but should consist of a supply of winter underclothing, kr^ • +i.,*iP» i^ addition to the suits in ordinary wear, such worn lore in xm ■ w ?ut even '®^^®^ ^^ ^^y ^® hardly suitable for use here, but quite 111 , igOdd enough for rough wear. Other clothing can be oi^T^TY •+ +i1^&l^*> ^s and when required, out of monthly pay ; they comniib TJi l^ttfD. thus to take care of their money ; it is a mistaken roung me " *^ ' I .1 kiftdness on the part of parents or friends here, to send out 1 ad^tional amounts, for it only tends to promote a feeling 1 . 1 ol dependence upon home instead of one of self-reliance. ,, , 1 l*roper contracts are entered into by us both with AgreemLota. t^ farmers and the friends of the pupils, and the fullest iculars will be given on all points upon which further . f ^ ^ °. ii&rmation is desired. Whenever it is possible, a per- smk or swic ^ r ' r i man to bSOiial interview is most satisfactory, for the numerous qT|festions which naturally occur can then be more fully or Canada^Ml^®^®^ ^^^ explained than by letter. Keference will be given to parents whose sons have Hcforence*. e out (many among the number being the sods of men, officers, and members of county families), so as it as has been decided that this proposed cccupa- and opening meets the views of the enquirer, heques to be crossed Messrs. Melville, Evans and Bankers. 75, Lombard Street, E.G., to whom Bankers' refer- s may be made. Solicitors enquiring on behalf of ts are referred to Messrs. Wm. and A. Eanken Ford, citors, 4, South Square, Gray's Inn, London, W.O., or souciton. essrs. Fyke and Minchin, 31, Lombard Street, E.G. ;o distanced •in on the' Pullman uses froml settled on 3S and the ed before :ents both ivised in the vessel le Custom B DiMQaBlon he tyatem. c m.F. 18 APPENDIX. The subjoined letter is from Mr. Farrar, who wrot to some of the papers respecting this method of placing* out young men to learn farming in the Western State "when it was first originated. The correspondence whicl ensued was reprinted in full in the earlier editions this pamphlet ; it is, however, omitted in this issue a Mr. Earrar's request because the present letter renders it Whi publication unnecessary. Pftji^ar "Deae Sir,— l|qj»nde •* I thank you for sending me the new edition of you pamphlet entitled * Farm Pupils in America.' It appears t ^ |_ ' describe Farm Life and Prospects in the West, both fully an., fairly, the picture certainly not being in any way overcoloured. l--^o-ig should in fairness say this to you, because last winter I ventured t'a ^ , express a different opinion to some of the London papers, at a tini when your arrangements had not the completeness and maturity whic they appear to possess now. The test of practical experience h undoubtedly, the best evidence in favour of your plans, and in vie^ of the satisfaction which they are found to give, it would I impossible to deny their success. " I have, as you know, always been strongly of opinion tha English settlers should not go out and attempt the business c^ farming without sufficient practical training, for, if they do, tha| course will probably lead to a loss, at any rate of some pan c the capital they invest. I have no doubt that a year or two' training under a good practical farmer will prove the metal of tl»hft prac young men, and their fitness for a life requiring work. If eventualljij)(pen. t they do not like the occupation, they will have gained in healUi and have been placed in a fair way of becoming frugal ar* industrious, while if they go through the trial successfully, an,!^ capital which their friends can afterwai-ds supply them with tip purchase and stock a farm will have many times the value of tl.( same amount of money given them at the start. " I think your plan of sending these young men to American far| mers is the only proper course. I should not recommend anyone go to an English settler who had himself only recently learned tlii| 19 who wroti of placin tern State* 3nce whicl editions o .B issue a renders it less of American farming, and, so far as my experience goes, are known as English Colonies in the States, had better be led. " I am, dear Sir, " Years faithfully, " (Signed) J. M. FARRAR, M.A., " Official CommUtionerJor Immigration, Minnesota, and autfior of 'Five Years in Minnesota.' F. Shearman, Esq., " London, 25th July, 1881." hilst the correspondence was going on with Mr. ar, the Editor of the Field newspaper, in a note ipjended to one of the letters, says : non or you ^||^q l^^^^ m^ ^jgl^ ^.^ interfere in a case of conflicting interest, appears *3|,|^ justice to Mr. Shearman, it should be stated that he has laid lief;jpiper8 and circulars referred to in his letter before us, and we ;h fully an- rco oure . ^g,^ failed to see in them anything but straightforward business, ven ure ^^ni^^lpp^dcnco of considerable care on his part." ers, at a tim -0,. aturitywhic ;j xperience i; Jf ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ , and in vip' 'V it would 1> ma^ ,, ^?We should bo sorry to be supposed to deny the riffht of competitive opinion tha f . "^ ^^ J & SyatemB. business c*'*!*^^® ^^ engage in a business open to all the world. It ihey do, tliag i^atural that others should endeavour to imitate our 3ome pane ear or two metal of tli Ef eventuallj ed in healll: frugal an essfuUy, an; lem with t^, value of til merican far ad anyone learned tin ss. But some who have borrowed our system, without ractical experience on which it is founded, have been n to coj)y it too closely; one gentleman in holy s, gives such practical testimony to its merits, that, in ing upon the business, he has not scrupled to take im from our pamphlets and contracts, every sen- material to his purpose ; a proceeding so little to be sqpcted from a clergyman, that we are compelled to refer lest the want of originality should be ascribed to Ives. B 2 20 The method of some of our competitorB differs from ot own in advocating that sailings should take place in lar|!^ parties, a plan we abandoned two years ago as being in i' respect so desirable as frequent sailings in fewer numbers for it invariably happens that when large parties go togethJ there will be some whose influence would not be for the god of the rest. Nor are personally conducted sailiiif necessary, for the arrangements we make for the journH are so complete that the youngest may accomplish without mistake or inconvenience, and we take oveij care necessary to ensure the safe conduct of pupils fro] the time they leave England until they arrive at thej destination. ' In more or less adopting our system competitors alj usually adopt our terms, although unable to offer t}| advantages either in choice of locality, or arrangemeij for settlement which experience has enabled us to dl while some indeed fix a lower charge, expressly staMs that they cannot assume any responsibility whatever asi the settlement or future of the pupils ; a system whi^ obviously affords no guarantee or security to pareiit| Some systems differ from our own in recommendifl young men to learn from English gentlemen who >al recently settled abroa 1, and have, therefore, little knoi^ ledge of farming ; this plan, which we have referred to (^ page 7, has a certain attractiveness ; but whilst offers, possibly, pleasant homes, it could scarcely tiul out good farmers. A residence in a so-called agricultural college (real only a private establishment) is another plan pii posed, as offering the best preparation for American farii 3r8 from o lace in lar;; being in i er numbers 3 go togetht) for the goo ted Bailing the jouiLf Dcomplish take ovei pupils fro five at tlie ipetitors al to offer t) rrangemcL d us to (1 Bssly sta^i: hatever ay system "wlii to pareii: commendir >n -who I'd little knoT eferred to i ut whilst carcely tu: allege (reai| r plan p lerican fan 21 There may be something to say in favour of such a ing for farming in England, where the system of iculturo is highly artificial, and a knowledge chemistry, rotation of crops, &c., is essential ; but America, where agriculture is of a more simple acter, the time and money so spent, even if the ion is good, would be more or less thrown away, and he end of twelve months less would be known about real work of the farm than if a pupil had commenced plough, and plant, and attend to stock under the chful eye of an experienced practical farmer. If this se is gone through at all, it should follow a ctical training on a farm, and then it should rather at one of the numerous agricultural colleges founded the respective States or Provinces in which they are ated, and which are usually ably conducted by cient professors, than at private establishments started mere speculations. Both of the above plans, however, entail a heavy ual outlay, whilst the pupil's labour is in the meantime It^roductive, and he neither acquires habits of self-reliance, becomes self-supporting ; nor is it, we believe, desirable t young men should associate in large numbers either farms or in the so-called colleges, of those whose chief i^ome is derived from taking pupils ; they would be under tl^nore healthy influence and better control when placed ly under the care of a practical fftrmer whose income derived from the profits of his farm, and where the best ortimities were offered for practical instruction and e advancement, with the imposed obligation to work, oh would ensure regular habits of industry. 'iW- 'f&. t V - We believe that the preliminary training vre rocomme. |i is based upon right principles, and would prove of rf^ « 4' and lasting benefit to the pupil, making him self-relia Wl^] and independent, and enabling him to do well in a department of agriculture, and in any State in which may settle. We purpose, therefore, to follow in t future the system we have adopted in the past. It woi be easy, perhaps, for us to send out more young men ih we do, if we felt at liberty to offer a less laborious life sons, even though at a greater cost to their parents ; 1 1 this, we are sure, would ultimately result in disappointme and failure. Those we have hitherto sent out have includi the sons or relatives of noblemen, officers, clergymen, so citors, and country and other gentlemen, and a ward chancery, and we are happy to believe that in the case many for whom no suitable position could be found at ho: we have been instrumental in laying the foundation of manly, honourable and prosperous future. The system we have initiated has been very general^ commended, and our pamphlets describing it have be( prepared with a desire to place the matter candid before enquirers. In evidence that this object has bef obtained, quotations may be given from a few of i mmierous letters received from correspondents. A clerg; man, in writing on this subject, says : — " I thi,nk you for abstaining from inducing my son to go by an highly coloured representations of the life there." Another writer says of this publication — " It makes a most candid statement of the facts, dealing f airi with both sides of the question. There is nothing in it to lead met expect too much without activity." 23 ; WQ rocommej d prove of rj tiim self-relia io well in ite in whicli follow in past. It won oung men tl iborious life r parents ; V] iisappointme t have incluc lergymen, so| ind a ward t in the easel found at hoi )undation [A Barrister says of the pamphlet : r So far as I can judge from its contents, the system you are ring upon is the only true one to command success." [As to the desirability of the life, a gentleman writes : I** A friend has placed in my hands a pamphlet containing your spectus (if I may so term it) of an 'occupation and business for itlemen's sons.' He did so knowing the great interest I had in igs American, acquired during a period of sixteen years' resi- ^ce in the States, and also for the purpose of asking my advice in matter, in the interest of a friend of his. " I have perused the various documents with much interest, and scheme has my entire approval .... and, if anything I say or write will induce any enterprising young man to go out, lall consider that I am conferring upon him a great favour. I " Your great difficulty, it strikes me, CT)eaking from an English idpoint, is to make them understand how the dignity of labour j^espected in the States . . . ." OPINIONS OF THOSE WHO HAVE GONE AND OF THEIR FEIENDS. It has been suggested by several correspondents that Pew of the written opinions of the friends of those who re gone out under our care should be appended, so that juirers may be able at once to form an opinion upon the timony of those having actual experience of the life as to desirability of the openings here proposed. We avail raelves of this suggestion, which will serve at once to ice before applicants some idea of the young men's inion of the life, without requiring at an early stage of negotiation an actual reference to parents, which we not feel at liberty to give unrestrictedly in the first jtance, solely because it would be trespassing imduly on bir kindness by asking them to engage in such an exten- correppondence as an immediate reference to them Ld involve. 24 One of the pupils, a member of a county family, in long letter written on October 10th, 1880, states that lie " placed satisfactorily in every way," and says : " Mr. and Mrs. are as kind as possible to me, and I have 1^ thank yoi again for the pleasant place you secured for me. It much better than I ever anticipated.*' Ml«l The farmer he is with, writes on October 9th, 1880 :^^^K>] (( — is doing nicely, and seems to be much pleased \vi everything. We are very much pleased with him, and expe to turn him out an A 1 farmer, should he continue with us lo: enough." The father of this young gentleman writes, Novemltl 2nd, 1880 : *' I have had several letters from my son, in all of which expresses his satisfaction at being placed with Mr. . . . heard from my son that he was 'jolly well settled,' as he called:! . . . I can quite understand that some of your party wei| disappointed at the prospect of work. My son evidently liM Mr. and Mrs. very much, and he says he is very comfortabl and well lodged and boarded; he takes a great intei-est in tt stock, of which he has now the charge. I should add that my so says in one of his letters that his ideas of roughing it are by i means realized." And again on the 26th April, 1881 : " Two more of my sons are thinking of joining their brotk Bob in America, and have only been waiting to hear from hi; and Mr. M definitely. He wrote about a fortnight since - w very well, had been head man for three months in Mr. M absence. The latter also writes that he has been very successfi in his stewardship." An officer's son who vrent o;it, writes on Decembe 21st, 1880 : **.... Well, as regards my new home, I could not wis! for a more comfortable place. Both Mr. and Mrs. are exceed It 25 3 Decembe kind, and I am sure Mr. R has chosen me a very Portable place indeed ; and as to the work, it certainly is pretty at first, but I am getting accustomed to it, and, on the whole I really much better than I ever anticipated." [His father writes, on January 20th, 1881 : [** We to-day received a long letter from , written in the lest spirits possible. To judge from its tone, he must be very |ipy and comfortable, and his own words are, 'I like the life mach, and like it better every day.' He speaks in the highest IS of the kindness of Mr. and Mrs. , who, he says, are Iness itself .... I give you all these details to show you ^t the boy is really satisfied, and, after all the interest and Iness you have shown him, I know you will be pleased." And again, in February, 1881, the same gentleman Ltes : (( You will be glad to hear that continues to write in the pt of spirits, and expresses himself as fully satisfied and con- bed." Another gentleman writes on the 24th January, 1881, lipecting a relative who was one of the first to go out : " I have lately heard from when he seemed well and lisfied with the arrangements as carried out, having been placed fh. a Mr, T . The work was hard as was to be expected, and bugh he has since left Mr. T and joined another farm, it was mutual arr^,ngement, and he speaks highly of that person and i. T 's kindness, and has great goodwill towards them both." One, a gentleman, aged twenty-one, on his arrival, Ltes on January 25th, 1881 : " I arrived here all safe and sound after a splendid passage ; it like crossing a mill-pond; we did it under eight days from enstown. I must say this, that ever since 1 landed I have met with ing but kindness, everybody has been most attentive ; I like R and Mr. C , what little I have seen of them so far, much indeed, and they all speak very highly of Mr. V . . I like the country and the people so far very much. I F« 26 will write you again and tell you how I get on with Mr. V , 1 from what Mr. R , Mr. C , and Mr. N , the banker, si I feel no anxiety on that score." Two gentlemen, whose sons are on farms, write me follows : " I write to you to say that my son, in the letters we h hitherto received from him, expresses himself well satisfied ^^i the people with whom you have placed him, and he speaks higl of the attentions he has received from your agents, Mr. C a; Mr. R . " You certainly took a great interest in sending my son to farm like Mr. B 's, and his letter seems a very happy one. ;| can only say that I am more than satisfied." J. G., aged 20, writes, Marcli 20tli, 1881 : "Taking everything into consideration, I like the prospc better than I expected. Mr. D seems a very nice man, a: makes us as comfortable as possible." H. F. W., aged 24, writes on March 23rd, 1881 : "I like the change of life and farming immensely. Mr. ai Mrs. are nice, kind, and homely people, and strive to o their utmost to make everything comfortable for me. I nevf^ enjoyed better health than I do now. We are constantly havir. people stopping here, which makes it cheerful. Altogether I a:^ much pleased with everyone and everything I have come acro! out here." Dr. H., in a letter dated March 31st, 1881, says : " I must beg you to accept my best thanks for your kindnes generally to my sons, and I am sure they very, very much appre ciate all your attentions to their wants, &c. m ritl » G H. G., aged 27, writes on April 10th, 1881 : " I had no trouble whatever in getting to W ; everyone yoi referred me to was as obliging as possible. Mr. C 1 particularl, like, and Mr. R is a very good fellow .... I will tell yd what I think of the people and the life ; in the first place, the houa is exceptionally good, and the people are very clean and homely and make me very comfortable." ik « SDn lilh 27 ith Mr. V , \ ■) the banker, & ms, write me 3 letters we ha, ell satisfied yn he speaks higt ts, Mr. C a;. ing my son to' y happy one. | I: ke the prospK f nice man, d, 1881 : isely, Mr. a^ ttd strive to • me. I nev^ nstantly haviil Itogether I ar re come acroi says : your kindnesl much appre^ everyone yoi| - 1 particular!; I will tellyoi ace, the housi- and homelj3 . C, an officer, writes, April 12tli, 1881 : ' ^ I am glad to let you know at an early date that I think every, with my boy is progressing satisfactorily." ■m iL. E. C, aged 17, writes on the 30tli April, 1881 : ^*In some respects the life is not so rough as I anticipated, luse I expected to be in a location where it would be much fher and not much civilization .... Mr. G is very Biderate and nice .... His wife is also very nice and I think he thoroughly understands farming and is quite Ipetent in teaching it .... I am extremely happy and lot wish for a better place .... Both Mr. R and \C have been exceedingly kind, and did all in their power to p us comfortable.'* jA lady, whose son, L. E. C, aged 17, sailed in March, fces. May 2nd, 1881 : I" This morning I received a letter from my son, who, I am glad lay, is thoroughly happy and satisfied with everything. He rith Mr. G ; and my boy says I cannot think how nice he is.'* [A gentleman in Manchester writes on May 5 th, 1881, ig extracts from the letter of a relative who went out, says : [I may add that Mr. G writes in the best of spirits, and is Pectly satisfied in all respects, and his friends are the same, is a source of great gratification to me, as I was the means of G going out, and of course felt some degree of anxiety as fche result. I shall now have no hesitation whatever in strongly ing any young men who apply to me to go out under you Wees » rs. S. A. writes, June 14th, 1881 : I have this morning received a very cheerful letter from my • . . . He wishes me to tell you ho thinks he has a very berth .... He quite thinks he shall get on well when accustomed to the work, and has no wish to return to land." 28 Again, October 7th, 1881 : " Mj son writes very cheerfully and is quite comfortable in hij new home." The same, December 14th, 1881 : " My son says he still likes the life very much, and is in good! health .... Altogether I am quite satiefied with his positionl • . . . I shall feel a pleasure in answering any letters of eDquiiyl at any time." T. G. E. writes on June 27th, 1881, respecting his] brother: " That he is happy, contented, and well, may be gathered froml the following extract: — .... 'I can tell you I am very much fatter since I left England; I don't think you would know me, being 6o fat and brown. I like the place very much. 1 like my place awfully, and should advise G to come out. J. have seenal lot of our fellows since I have been here, and they all seem to| like it.' " A gentleman, who sent out his son some time ago, says: - • "I fully agree with you that it would be very injudicious and a I rash proceeding on the part of any young man to go out on his * own hook ' as it were, and take his chance at finding a domicile without the introduction and guardianship of an agency. I did that | myself to an English colony some thirty years ago and failed." E. F., July 2nd, 1881 : " The soil here is certainly first-rate, but farmers do not seem to I raise half such good wheat crops as I should have expected they would. If a man raises about 16 bushels an acre he thinks he has done pretty well. I shall take a farm of my own next year, and see ] if I cannot get a little better acreage." Mrs.E.B writes, on July 14th, 1881, respecting her | son: " Ho is very happy and takes to the life and work . • The life just suits him, I think, and I am much obliged for all your j trouble." 29 nfortable in hii and is in gom ith his position! tters of eDquirjl Jspecting higl gathered from ou I am very rould know me, ch. 1 like Diy I have seenal ey all seem to| le time ago, udicious and a go out on his ing a domicile y. I did that | d failed." o not seem to jxpected they thinks he has year, and see The following is from a letter received in July, 1881, jm a Mr. 0. E , 25 years old, who has gone out as ifarm pupil: "Just a line to say I am getting on very well here. I should are written before, but really I have had no time, and another Ihing I wanted to give myself a fair trial before passing my opinion libont this country .... I like it very much indeed. The Ipeople are very nice, but their manners and customs are somewhat liiiffercnt to ours in England ; however, I am getting used to them how .... I have got a very good place. 1 like thone people Irery much, and they seem very well pleased with me. Mr. R 1 think livery nice man, indeed ; he has taken a great deal of trouble with ha, bat he seems to take a great interest in us and does every. ItliiDg that he can for our benefit .... I must say I am very Iwell satisfied with my berth and have no desire to go home again. ll consider you have done and caused to be done everything in your power to make me comfortable and happy. I am as comfortable as though I were at home. I do almost as I like, I get plenty of riding [and shooting ; in fact it seems like a new life altogether to what I I been used to. You are quite at liberty to make any use you [like of my letter. I have written home in the same manupras this, and you may refer anyone to my brother ; you have his address, and lam sure he will have very great pleasure in recommending any. I one to come out here from what I have said." Mrs. E. S. B. writes on July 26th, 1881 : " I have just heard from my son, who says : — ' I have been here j now six weeks and like my life very much ; it is hard work, but the people all lound are very kind to me, and take as much thought for me as if I belonged to them. P and I go to church every Sunday, and dine in the town with one family or another, all of whom give us a hearty welcome. I am allowed to take any horsa Hike out of the stable to ride in my leisure time. The other day 3pecting her I J p and I went for 3i hours fishing and caught between 200 and 300 fish." rk . . . ■ "You can make any use you like of this extract. I shall be most 1 for all your ■ happy to an>4wer any questions that may ba M'ishcd answered bv 'nyone proposing to go out under your auspices." 30 Again, November 4tli, 1881 : " The account of my son is most pleasing and mnst, I am sore, be very satisfactory to you also, I am most thankful that be is giving and receiving so much satisfaction. He always writes in the best of spirits ; only in his last letter he sayu — ' This is the joliiest life it is possible for any fellow to lead.' " Again, December 13tli, 1881 : " I must send you a few lines of hearty thanks for the inform, ation so constantly sent from America .... Some day, when I am able, I should like to call and thank you personally for all yonr kindness." J. E., August 6th, 1881 : ** I have two letters now from my son, who has been placed with a farmer named N of M , and he seems very well satisfied BO far. Will you kindly accept my thanks and convey the same to Mr. B when you write, for the interest you have both taken in the matter." Mrs. M. P., writes August 30th, 1881 : " I have just received a letter from my son . , , . I am anxious that you should know at once how happy and comfortable he is settled, with a very kind farmer in D. C. He says .... * I have been awfully lucky to get on such a nice farm .... The farmer and his wife are extremely nice. They are awfully good and kind, and very clean .... I shall write and thank Mr. S for having arranged everything for me so satisfactorily, and tell him how happy and comfortable I am.' " Again on November 8th, 1881, saying that her son " Writes most cheerfully and is as happy as possible, and likes his life very much, he speaks most highly of Mr. C and their attention and kindness to him." 81 MissE. B., October 28th, 1881 : " I beg to tender you my best thanks for the trouble 70a have Icen with my nephew." One gentleman whose son returned home without ig farming a trial, writes :— " I am glad to think that after all, everything has been done by |(ar Company which could have been expected .... I was sorry to find he had given up so suddenly and returned home lite without uiy knowledge or consent .... he ought to remained the year instead of returning so soon * . . ; I acb regret all the truiible that has been caused." W. E., November 7th, 1881. " So far the arrangements made with you have been most satis- ctorily carried out, and no difficulty has arisen on any one point, D(l I beg to express my great satisfaction in having been able to ce E where he may acquire a thorough knowledge of American ling, and an introduction to a new mode of life, and to thank I for Che interest you have taken in the matter." G. D. W., November 9th, 1881: " I am very sorry my son did not do better .... I have Iways considered your plans and transactions most straight- prward." Dr. T. H., November 8th, 1881 : "Thanks for your letter, with such a very satisfactory account of |ie progress of my son." Again, March 8th, 1882 : " I have written to two parties early in the year, just before I it W , who jou referred to me, and gave them what you know my good opinion of your process." Mrs. J. H., November 9th, 1881: "I cannot express the gratitude I feel to your agents in America |or their trouble with my son, and I am exceedingly rejoiced to find !ha8 listened to them and been induced to go to work again, and [trust he has made up his mind to be contented." 32 Again, December 1 2th, 1881, about her son: "He is qnite comfortable where he is, and likes his workj particularly that which concerns the animals." This lady is now sending out another son under our care. Mrs. G. B., November 17th, states that her son ** Is very happy and comfortable, and that he is very kindlj treated by Mr. G , and he hopes if he suits that he will be kept! on the same farm. He appears to like the work, though he says i is hard. Ho was in very good health when ho wrote at the begim ning of the month." Again, on the 4th January, 1882: " I am glad to be able to tell yon that I continue to receive verrl satisfactory accounts from my son in Minnesota. He likes Mr. G — 'I and his family more and more every day. I must thank you for] having placed him in such a comfortable home." And on March 22nd, 1882 : " I enclose a letter for your perusal which I have received from Mrl B. G , in which he writes so nicely and kindly of my son. I havel also received another very nice, kind letter from Mrs. G . I ami much indebted to you for having interested yourselves so much ml my son's behalf. He is so happy, and all the family are very fondj of him. My son writes me that he would do anything for them." T. G. E., December 1st, 1881 : " We continue to receive letters from'my brother almost weekly,! and he is very happy and contented ; in one of his last letters hej states that he has gained 201bs. in weight since he left England! . ... I think we shall make a man of him now if he ODly| keeps steady and looks to the main cliance," W. E. L., December 13th, 1881 : " Your communication respecting my nephew gave great satis- faction to all his family, and was, I can truly affirm, a source ofl great comfort to his mother. I may also mention that the variotul letters received by Mrs.G from her son all bore the same happjl Br our care. 88 tone of satisfaction and contentment with his now modo of life, and during my recent visit to Norfolk, his friends have repeatedly fxpressed the pleasure experienced by them that the engagements into which you entered for placing out my nephew should have been I «o faithfully fulHlled." Again, March 30th, 1882 : *' My nephew in his last letter gave me a sketch of the way in which his time is occupied day by day, and of tlio various amuse- ments which vary the ordinary routine of farm life. I gather from all he has written that ho is spending his time both usefully and pleasantly." The Rev. G. F. writes, August 18th, 1881 : " I have received a short letter from my son telling me of his Bafe arrival at the farm. He speaks very highly of Mr. C and Ms family, and expresses a hope that as soon as he is settled he shall be very happy indeed." Again, January 12th, 1882 : " I had a very nice cheery letter from my boy yesterday ; he mrns now very happy, and much enjoyed his visit to Mr. T . I quite agree with what Mr. T says about what young men who go out to America must do and be in order to succeed. " I have received a letter concerning your system from Messrs. H and W . You may depend upon my speaking (as I am glad to be able to do) in the highest terms of gratitude for what yon have done for me." Again on April 17th, 1882 : " I am glad to say that I had a happy, cheerful letter from my F a week ago, he speaks very highly of the kind treatment he if eives. H. D. F., January 25th, 1882 : '* I have to thank you for your letter of 24th inst., forwarding ne cheque for £96 16s., being the sum in full which I paid to you premium and passage money for my nephew, who, at the last noment, declined to go to Kentucky, as I had wished him to do. I consider it most handsome of yon to have returned this sum to me, I you were put to much trouble and some expense in the matter, C 34 for TvIiioU you miglit jastlj have charged me. I would add that after the fullest enquiry I convinced myself that the employment offered to young gentlemen through your agency is of the most promising kind for their future «idvancement in life, and I Rimtl take every opportunity to recommend my friends to apply to you." Mrs. J. J. M., January 26th, 1882 : " I have to thank you for your kind and considerate letter, and for the enclosed letter from Col. II which I return. How very kindly the Colonel writes of my son ; it is indeed well for him to have fallen into such good hands." Messrs. R. and D., Solicitors, Edinburgh, \mte January 25th, 1882 : " You are quite welcome to use our name in any of your Scotch cases in which you think we may bo of assistance to you." The Rev. W. V., January 28th, 1882 : " From the very first I have been very pleased and satisfied with all my correspondence and interviews with you, and shall ever ready to testify the same whenever appealed to on the subject." The Rev. M. M. H. writes, March 4th, 1882 : *' I have all along trusted to the arrangements and intentions on the part of your Company as being bona fide, and have spoken ofj its fairness and straightforwfndness to others." And again, on April i3th : " I quite appreciate your considerate attention on the part of thej Company throughout the whole of this matter between us/' Again, June 24th, 1882 : " I shall always have pleasure in reporting well, and sometl more of your attention ... I have had more than one letter ot] enquiry respecting the Company, and have always very much recommended it in reply." ii Ik I 35 Mrs. A. D., March 26th, 1882 : " I have roooivotl another letter from my son quito as satisfactoiy listho one written after ho had been out a fortnight, lie says he invery happy .... and feols six years younger in health, and tells Ine to recommend your agency to all young men loading any idle [LoDiIon life, and to every ouo anxious to get on." Mrs. S. C, March 28th, 1882 : "I have just heard from my son he asked me to lot you Ikaovv that ho is very comfortable ; likes Mr. B and his wife Irery much, they are both kind to liim, and though the work is bar J. |jml plenty of it, ho likes it." Again, April 14th, 1882 : " I am very glad my son is going to stay at the same farm, he llikes Mr. B so much, and is getting into tho work. Will you dnJly send one of your pamphlets and particulars to the enclosed liKidross." Again, Juno 21st, 1882 : " I often hear from my son, and he seems well content with his life, and speaks highly of the kindness of Mr. and Mrs. B. '* Mrs. S. W. K., March 2&th, 1882 : "Wo received a letter from our son this morning written in high |ipirit9 as regards what he has at present seen of his now life." Again, May 4th, 1882 : " I do net doubt H will be happy and comfortable where ho how is, or at Mr. S 's, as in his letter he seemed quite satisfied pith his surroundings, and Mrs. D he said was very kind to him." Again, May 8th, 1882 : " We had a very happy letter from H on Saturday . . . i seems to like his new quarters so much. Perhaps it would be Ibestto let him decide for himself about joining S " Mrs. M. S., March 31st, 1882 : " My son tells me he likes the life very much indeed, that it |»gree8 wonderfully well with him. He names several friends he 2 36 iutends trying to persuade to go out. Should you like to refer any. one to me, I shall be very happy to answer any questions, as I can now recommend your system of sending young men out most cordially/* The Eev. G. H. B., April 5th, 1882 : " M^' son gives a good account of himself, and of all the pro- visions you had made for his being met and forwarded on with his luggage. He seems to like his new life very much, and finds his quarters comfortable . . . He has met several of your young men who give a pleasant and favourable account of the life, which I they seem to enjoy." Lt.-Col. J. E. K., April 29th, 1882 : " Each successive step has given ns more and more cause for satisfaction with the completeness of your arrangements." Again, May 22nd, 1882 : " I am happy to say that from no one have I heard a word against your institution, except from those who are engaged in a similar | occupation. The experience of every one I have seen or heard of seems to be most favourable ; I have, therefore, an easy as well as pleasant task in giving the results of my enquiries to those who ask for them." Again, June 9th, 1882 ; ** There cculd be no better recommendation of your scheme thau | is afforded by the tone and contents of your correspondence." Again, June 14th, 1882 : •* I have had a very nice letter from my son ; the farmer and his I wife are most kind to him, and the boy is thoroughly happy and | very well." Again, July 10th, 1882: " I have had a most delightful letter from my son this doming I ... he says he is very busy, very happy, and very comfortable." 0. L., May 3rd, 1882: " I have a letter from my son at Wisconsin, in which he statesl he likes his quarters. ... So far I am perfectly satisfied witbl your arrangements." 37 scheme thau Again, June 22nd, 1882 : " I thank you very much for your attention . . . the whole thing confirms my opinion in the advantages of your agency, bo much so that I prefer leaving the case in the hands of Major M to use his discretion." Messrs. M. W. & N., Solicitors, 4tli May, 1882 : "We have received one letter from Mr. S since he left, in which he spoke most favourably of your arrangements on his behalf, and we are very glad, as also are his friendfi, that the matter has so fally fulfilled every expectation to the present time." The Eev. G. E. D., May 8th, 1882 : " I have now heard from my son .... The letter was written in the highest spirits, and shows that so far the writer's experience had been of a very satisfactory nature ... I think the farming life will quite suit his tastes." The Eev. Canon W., May 9th, 1882 : " In a letter about a fortnight ago my son expressed himself as well satisfied with his quarters .... He has made no com- plaints, seems to like his work, and to be in good health and spirits. He says the country is perfectly lovely where he is." Colonel W. C. D., May 12th, 1882 : " I have heard from Mr. C several times ; he seems quite happy and contented with Mr. P " The Eev. J. W. L., May 15th, 1882 : " I have just returned from Liverpool on Saturday, after seeing my son start on his outward voyage, and I wish my first act to be a letter to you of thanks for the good selection both of ship and berth. .... If only the end of our negotiations is as satisfactory as the beginning I shall have reason to congratulate myself." Again, June 23rd, 1882 : " I have heard twice from my son, and he seems to be comfort- ably placed as far as he can at present judge, and thinks he will like Mr. C and be able to get on well with him and his ompanion." , 38 The Eev, S. A„ May 24th, 1882 : " Your letters are so kind and considerate that I shall treat von as a friend, and without troubling you unnecessarily, I phall certainly communicate to you freely on any matter of moment whiilj may require explanation." The Eev. A. M. G., Edinburgh, June 5th, 1882 : " I had a letter from a young gentleman in England enquirinfjJ very properly, what report my son gives of his treatment by yourl house and its agents in America ! I was very glad that I couhu truthfully report that you had acted towards my son honestly, honour-] ably, end kindly." General M. B., June 12th, 1882 : " My son says that he received every attention from y-^ai • "iit?, who gave him every assistance . . . He seems hap|^, . . > ^IrJ W is very kind to him." H. J. C, July 8th, 1882: " B — says they are all very kind to him at Mr. Ames', and liel likes the life very much. He speaks of the people he meets asj being much better educated than he expected to find them." A. M. H., July 9th, 1882 : " I have great pleasure in enclosing you an extract from a most! cheerful letter I have just received from my son . . . His letterl to-day has been a great satisfaction to me, and I believe he is now j in the right place." The following extracts are from a few of the letters written by pupils to our local agents aftti their proba- tionary term of about a month on their farms; they are inserted to illustrate the care taken to ensure the selection of a satisfactory farm and comfortable home, a transfer being readily made by our local agents for any just reason before the contract with the farmer is finally closet ^^^ though we rarely find that any change is necessary or desired. I'l,.: ^ 39 E. C, June 5th, 1881 : " Mr. and Mrs. A are very nice people, and everybody speaKS 10 well of them, and I like them very much indeed, and am very comfortable indeed." A. E. K., and J. F. K., August 6th, 1881 : " I am satisfied with my place and home, and have agreed to receive five dollars for the first three months, and ten dollars for the other nine months." A. M., August 6th, 1881 : ** I am glad to say I am quite happy and contented. Whenever Mr. N is ready, would you and he settle. Thanking you for jour kindness and trouble." S. J. P., August 7th, 1881 : ' / ' "I wrote to remind you that I shall have been here with Mr. S a month next Saturday, and to inform you that I have decided to stop, and Mr. S agrees to keep 'ne here for the next twelve montijs." W. H., August 20th, 1881: " I hereby authorise you to settle contract with Mr. G. H being satisfied with the farm I have been placed upon." 'l. M., 30th, 1881 : fr;».t a line to let you know that I am now willing to abide by la? o< jlract you usually make with the farmer by whom we are empitjv, J. With kind regards." 'Ai. ' W. T. «. H., August 11th, 1881 ; *' I have settled to remain with Mr. F-— , after having spent a very happy month." Again (undated) : -• I am now settled in my new home, which is a very jolly on^ «nd I hope that all the others have as good a pne." 40 E. P., August 14th, 1881: "We are as happy here and as well cared for as we can possibly wish, and never did we expect to be so happy when we left dear old | England ; but wo are as happy as if we were at home." E. P. C, August 16th, 1881 : "I am quite satisfied with Mr. C , and you may with safety send him tho premium. I have told him 1 am satisfied, and that l| have written to you to say so." C. AV. E., September 14th, 1881 : "I ha*. -^ been at the above address nearly six weeks. I like the] folks very . " and intend to stay." W. r. (u..iated): *' I am very much contented with the very nice place you have ] got me .... I am quite contented with Mr. C and his family, and I am quite happy here." W. A., September 16th, 1881 : "I shall have been here four weeks to-morrow, and as I am very I comfortable, I shall be glad if you will make the agreement for me to stay twelve months." C. W. E., and C. W., September 24th, 1881 : " We are perfectly satisfied to settle with Messrs. D and C , as agreed with you to-day on the terms we have stipulated." B. T. S., October 19th, 1881 : " I am perfectly satisfied with the place you chose for me, and I consider all the arrangements made in England have been fully complied with." G. W. L. B., November 16th, 1881 : " I am perfectly satisfied with the farm I am on. Mr. G is ft very nice farmer, and I like him very much indeed." 41 :s. I like the G. H. E., November 25th, 1881 : " First of all I cannot speak too highly of the farmer it had Iken my fortune to be placed with ; he is an honest, straightforward, liiard-vrorking man, and treats me in every respect quite as a leompanion, ho is besides very much better educated than the ajority of the men one meets about here .... I feel con- aced that the time I put in here will be profitably spent .... ^intend to stick to the work through thick and thin .... The eat thing is to feel contented, and to make up your mind to work ard, and learn everything; and unless a man makes up his mind jdothis, he might just as well stop at home, as he only makes limself miserable and everyone else around him .... 1 am 1 excellent health and in every way satisfied with my place." C. S. I., January 9th, 1882 : "I like the country very much, and have, through Mr. S •, en introduced to some exceedingly nice people. Mr. S and jlij family are most kind, and I am very comfortable ; if ho will ave me, I shall stay with him, for I know when I am in good Quarters." T. Q. Q., aged 30, writes January 11th, 1882 : " If the interests of the farm pupils you may send out here in pture are as well looked after as mine have been, it will be thei I fault if they fail to succeed in Canada." 0. G. S., aged 30, writes January 16th, 1882 : ' Your agent here has shewn me every attention, and has spared kithertime nor trouble in endeavouring to secure for me some freeable and suitable employment which has now been obtained on t.W 'sfarm." F. C, February 16th, 1882 : " I am at Mr. S 's farm, and I think, if nothing happens, I stay here after the month .... The work is not very 'fd ; of course it seems hard to me at present because I never did 'a work in my life, but if one takes it easy at first one soon gets 14499;] 42 usGd to it. The life is one of the healthiest in the world, and would mend anyone's constitution. All the arrangements you have madJ are pood. Mr. S in a nice old gentleman, and one is sure to gelj on with him." Again, May 3rd, 1882 : " i^ has come out, and is staying on the same farm as mysclj — ho is a very nice fellow, and we get on very well. S 's fan is about the best round here, and as far as I can see we both havfl had good luck to come here." E. S., March 5th, 1882: " I like the place very much indeed. The farmer and his wif^ are very kind to ^i:e. I have decided to stay here for 12 months, like the work, what ?ittle I have done. I am very much obliged t(| you for choosing me such a comfortable home." C, S. B., March 5th, 1882 : '* I have now been on Major J 's farm for five weeks, and from a conversation I have had with the Major I think I may safeljj say that we are satisfied with one another, and I hope you will make the necessary arrangements with him at your convenience." H. M., March 9th, 1882: *' I am very well at present and like the place very much especially some of the neighbours. Mrs. P is very kind au(| does all she can to make me feel at home and comfortable." B. M. H., March 31st, 1882 : " I am quite contented to remain on this farm. I am getting o^ well and think I shall like the life." T. C, March 31st, 1882: ** I am quite satisfied with the way I have been treated since have been on Mr. Curtis's farm, and shall be very willing to staj during the rest of the year upon the arranged. . . I havealreadj been here nine weeks." 43 ) we both havfl H. S.B., April 10th, 1882: '* I am quite satisfied with my farm at Mr. C 's. Please settle the agreement for a year from March 17th, the day I went I there." H. M. N. S., April 14th, 1882: " Mr. A has kindly agreed for me to stay with him for the I term of twelve months, dating from the 13th February, 1882. I would thei'cforobe glad if you would have the agreements signed, I have now been with Mr. Anderson two months, and am sure I shall have every chance for being happy and learning farming ItcII here." D. F. 0. D., April 16th, 1882 : " Many thanks to you for all the trouble you have taken on my behalf." * . onvenience. E. C, April 22nd, 1882: " I am quite satisfied with the situation in which I am placed^ I and will stay Avith Messrs. P for a year from this date." A. L. W., April, 1882: *' I write to ask you to close the contract between Mr. C— — I and myself for one year, as Ave are mutually satisfied." H. K., April 23rd, 1882 : " I am very pleased with this place indeed, and both Mr. and Mrs. D are very kind to me, and I like them exceedingly. I have a pice comfortable room, and I am perfectly satisfied in every respect, 80 if Mr. D is willing for me to stay I hope you will iwnae the I agreement with him." R.N, H., May 4th, 1882: " I am very comfortable here, and like the farmer very much. I do I not think I could be better off or more contented than I am here." 44 G. E. n. D., May 9th, 1882 : " I feel greatly pleased witb the farm and everything concemini it. The people are nice, the food extremely good and well cooke<| and every comfort one could wish for." H. G. B., April 10th, 1882. " I am quite satisfied with my farm at Mr. C s, please settlj the agreement for a year from March 17th, the day I went there.'j E. C, April 22nd, 1882 : " I am quite satisfied with the situation in which I am placea and will stay with Messrs. P for a year from this date." E. N. II., May25lh, 1882: " I have the pleasure of informinj^ you that I am thoroughlj satisfied with the farm I am on, and shall stay on the same fa a year." H. T., May, 1882: *' There is nothing I would like better than to have anothg Englishmnn on the same farm as I am, and I am perfectly satisfie with Mr. M s farm, and I do not think you could have place me with moro gentlemanly people than Mr. M and all h? family are." F. G. H. B., June 12th, 1882 : " I have now completed my month's trial with Mr. A , an write to say I am more than satisfied with the gentleman we selectcj He seems as well satisfied with me as I with him and lu family, who are all exceedingly kind, and willing to afford me evd help and advice. I like the country, and shall no doubt like it bettj as I go on. Mr. M and Major M afforded us every assisi ance in their power, and we managed very well. If I may malj one suggestion without interfering with your plan I should like that is that the character of the pupils should as far as possible enquired into before sending them out I know a man clc to here who would like to have one if he could get a nice fellow, hi he is afraid he might be unlucky and get one like one his neighboj 45 »3. I do not mean to say that it is the rule with the nion who como flt here under your system, but quite the exception. You asked mo to ipress my ideas freely, aud I hope I shall not offend by so doing." E. H. K., June 14tli, 1882 "I am happy to say that I am in every way satisfied with the on which you have placed me. I like Mr. S very much, nd shall be glad to stay with him for the remainder of the E. H. A., June 14th, 1882 : "I beg to state that I am very conveniently situated with Jr. A and like the place very much." E. G., June 18th, 1882 : " At your request I write to you to tell you my experience in 11 — . I found Major M a most agreeable man, and I met rith every kindness at his hands. I daresay you kuow by now that jam placed on Mr. S 's farm, near . I am very comfortable ere, and they all treat mo very kindly." A. B. A., June 22nd, 1882: " I am perfectly well satisfied with all that has been done for Be, and seem to get on all riglit with the farmer I am with, and kll be very glad to remain with him." W. L., June 22nd, 1882 : "I like the farmer I am with very much, and have a very iomfortable home. I shall be very glad to remain hero a year." H. E. H., June 22nd, 1882: I am now with a very nice man who is very kind in showing me verything that ought to be learnt on a farm, and who is especially articular about what would appear to most people small matters, at which are in the end just as necessary as anything else." The following is from the Episcopal clergyman in one bf the districts in Minnesota, where pupils have been placed ; this gentleman, who is highly respected in the State, has shown much interest in their welfare, and his etter is in response to a request from us for criticisms or 46 suggestions on the system ; the concluding paragraph refers to one or two isolated cases in which much trouble and annoyance has been caused to the agency by the young men having been addicted to habits of intemperance which they could not be induced to abandon : " I quite agree with your letter of December 10th. Since my writing have given thought to particular cases, and I do not see how any bettor arrangement can be made. As I see more of the young men, I fully agree with what you say on page 5. There are some fine follows ; others of a different character. The friends of some of them ought not to send them money to use at their discretion, for they thereby defeat the very end of their coming here. As you aay, they can become self-supporting from the first. " Every young man who comes to America, and will be industrious, economical and sober, can succeed, but their friends must not interfere with their habits of self-reliance. I have given the young men good counsel as to our customs, and can be of great service to them if they will allow me to be, by being worthy of it. " Many of the young men in this county aro well spoken of. As Couu y Superintendent I have the best of opportunities to s;ee them, and many of them come in often to church ; we had a good number at Christmas at Holy Communion, " I feel quite sure your agent has done his duty faithfully in locating these lads ; some of them will date their manhood from this point of life. " As to those who come to America because their friends desire to be rid of them, I fear little can be done for them, but no one is to blame for this but themselves." The same gentleman, in a letter of the 16th Feb., 1882, writes : " Your pamphlet was duly received some weeks since. I do not see how it could be changed for the better. I would think you had taken every precaution possible to protect the young men sent out under your auspices, and those who will succeed elsewhere are doing well. I mean those who are persevering. An industrious young man of energy and a fair education can do well in America." 47 The following is from a letter received from our representative in Kentucky. Most of the farmers who wish to tako pupils hope to obtain one whose superior intelligenco and trustworthiness will onahlo tlio farmer to somo extent to leave the conduct of the farm iu his< absence to the pupil, when he has learned tho mode of farming; if tho Tonng men are only to bo valued by their physical labour, and tlieir 'ntelligence and integrity is not to bo considered, then it would bo an exceptional case where their services would bo worth as much a» an ordinary man accustomed from childhood to farm labour. The farmers here, as a class, are as intelligent, educated, well informed men, both as to farming and the genei ^ business of tho country, as it has been my fortune to find in my travels over a larg(^ part of the better farming portion of tho world. Summing the whole thing up ; tho future of the pupils sent to Kentucky, in the majority of cases, will be as they themselves mako it. I will try and be careful to placo them with honourable men and good farmers, hoping that they will so conduct themselves tho first year that tho future will be comparatively easy to them. With regard to the size of the farms ; if I had a son I wished taught farming, I would infinitely prefer putting him with some intelligent, honest, good farmer, owning from 100 to 200 acres of land, who worked himself a portion of the time and did not depend on managers ; there the pupil would be intelligently educated, and would not see the extravagant high living that he would see on tuoso large farms of 500 to 1,000 acres. In regard to the advantages offered by some of the Southern States, the following are quoted from ufficial communications : The Commissioner of Agriculture of the State of North Carolina writes, 17th August, 1881 : " I am instructed by His Excellency, Governor Jarvis, to express his cordial approbation of the scheme unfolded in your letter ; he 48 regurds it as ono at ouco practical la its nature, ami iu ii8 dcMign calculated to accomplish great good. The Governor thinks that a young Englishman can nowhere in the Continent find a bettor theatre for a useful career .... With reference to the toKe and popular feeling here v^ith regard to labour and the estimate in which it is held, I beg to direct your attention to an address of our Governor, delivered at Randolph Macon College, in June last past. As the utterance of one of the great practical intellects of our State, and one who by position and talent is its proper exponent, it will have for you a just significance." The Director of the Geological Survey of Kentucky writes as follows, regarding this system, 3rd September, 1881 : ** I believe you havo the right plan, and that much loss and disappointment will bo avoided by young Englishmen who will come to this country and remain at work on a farm before investing. I believe that Kentucky offers peculiar advantages for puttin ni practice such a work. In Contiul Kentucky the farm-house larger and better than I have seen elsewhere in America ; tuo farmers are very intelligent and are celebrated for their good living Agriculture is also more diversified, and the farm-student can here learn all kinds of farming, and also btjck breeding from the most intelligent breeders in America .... One of our United States Senators came to Kentucky a poor Scotch lad, and went on a farm at ten dollars per month. I will take pleasure in Co-operating with you in your good work." The Hon. John S. Williams, United States Senator for Kentucky, writes as follows : United States Senate Chambek, Washington, October 13th, 1881. "Dear Sirs, •' I think well of your plan of introducing into Kentucky young Englishmen who wish to learn American modes of business. I think Kentucky the most desirable of all the States of the Union for the better class of English Emigrants. The Kentuckians are nearly all descended from English ancestors, andJia vn still strongly 4d marked traits of Enj^lish character. There is a striking re- eemblance between the bine-grass region of Kentucky and some of the best portions of England. " As an agricultural and stock raising country, Kentucky has no equal on the American Continent. The other States all come to Kentucky for their fine horses and cattle. Not an American horse has won a race in England that did not come from Kentucky. The soil is of surprising fertility, and the climate so mild that men may work on our farms every day in the year. Geological survey shews that Kentu( ky has more coal and iron than the whole of Great Britain. The farmers of Kentucky, as you must have observed, are superior to those of any other State of our Union. Kentucky is the only State where the rich and educated people reside upon and cul- tivate their own farms, T am a farmer myself and produce tobacco, wheat, Indian corn, shoop, and short horn cattle ; and within the last year have sold from off a farm of 1,200 acres 32,000 dollars worth of products, without touching a short horn, and this without any artificial manure. I usually got 100 bushels >f Indian corn, 35 bushels of wheat, 75 bushels of oats, and 1,500 lbs. of White Burley tobacco to the acre. " I sold a few weeks since my last year's crop of tobacco at a price which averaged me 300 dollars to the acre. I gave the tenants one half for their work, which left me 150 dollars clear rent to the acre, Our climate is healthy, and nowhere in the world is animal life, both in man and the lower animals to be found in a more vigorous and perfect existence than in Kentucky. *' Very truly yours, "JOHN S. WILLIAMS." ?s Senator "Kentucky Geological Survey and Bureau of Immigration, "John R. Procter, Director. " Frankfort, Kentucky, " Dear Sirs, " October 10th, 1881. " I am instructed by His Excellency, The Governor of I Kentucky, to inform you that the plans of the American Coloniza* lion Company f of London, England, proposed and submitted by yoo, meet with his warm approval, and that he will co-operate with you in your endeavours to send young men to this State. He believes that the geographical position of Kentucky, its salubrity of climate, fertility of' Boil, aud great uudevolopcd ^vea'th in coal, iron, au(l timbers, make it a most desirable field for the introduction of foreign labour and capital. To persons seeking pleasant homes or remunera- tive investments in this State he extends a cordial invitation, with the assurance of a warm welcome. As Director of the Geological Survey and Bureau of Immigration I beg to assure you of my hearty co-oporation, and will spare no efforts necessary to aid in furtherance of your plans. " llcspectf ully yours, . ' « JOHN R. PROCTER, State Geologist. " Approved,— LUKE V. BLACKBURN, Governor of Kentucky." , Visitors may see at an interview any of the letters quoted in this pamplilet, as well as numerous others on the same subject; the fullest enquiry is invited into the working of the system. The American Colonization Company is a private undertakiDg, having a complete organization on both sides of the Atlantic, enabling it to offer a thorough fulfilment abroad of every undertaking entered into hero. Solicitors may refer in the first instance to Messrs. V/m. c^nd A. liauken Ford, No. 4, South Square, Gray's Inn, London ; or to Messrs. Fyke & Minchin, 31, Lombard Street ; and Bankers to Messrs. Melville, Evans & Co., 75, Lombard Street, E.G. H Seventh Edition liEVisED.— July, 1882. H. K. SHEAKMAN & Co., AMERICAN COLONIZATION COMPANY, 21, Finsbury Pavement, London, E.O (Cose to the Moorgate Street Station of the Metropolitan Bailu^ay.) oal, iron, au(l tion of foreign } orremunera- Lvitation, with the Geological I of my hearty n furtherance Greologisfc. f Kentucky." the letters s others ou ted into the a private n both sides h fulfilment to Messrs. lare, Gray's 1 , Lombard s & Co., 75, 82. AKY, Railway.)