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CIHM/ICMH 
 
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 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
 1980 
 
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 THE rHVNNru TO Q^ISBEC A:«D 
 HAKB)Ut( lMPiaVi!.Mt!Nr3. 
 
 A« thif piubject U a mfttt<'i of nr'nt im- 
 porUnu', r.ot only to llm m*-n;h'iiitH iif 
 Moutrt-al but nUo to tliH i-itiz-nn m-iierully. 
 it 'h well that thf rt'mirkH of Mr. Yxiiin, 
 tho pr.'Hunt clifiiini in of the Karlxiiir Coni- 
 mi^t^•^llu'^rt, HHil one of tlio rt'|>r«iif'iitntivc« 
 of the H »i4r'l of Tr.i<l'*, iu moving hi-* im- 
 pnrUnt ropoi'itions hh to ilio ()r'>>|iMitiiii{ of 
 thti cliannvl b' twoen thin rjty ami y h^U'c, 
 Atnl the iijrri'ftst'il Hccoiniiii^lttion in Ihf 
 iurltour, «hou!i1 bt> fiirlv iindtTHtnoil (> ir 
 report of Ihw pri'. et'(iini<« of th-' \ tsit nifi't- 
 n^ of tth" fl irl) »ur Commi-iHi'HierH wnn vry 
 mucli rontli'iiHfil, au'J «(* wf Ofiri-p with Mr. 
 Yonnir timt \ua reason!* '♦hotild t>i. ^iv»»n for 
 iiryini; the cluinjjeri hi' winh^k to illVct, we 
 are ylml to grivo an fxtemlt-il report of hiw 
 
 Me Vni- r, •m'ri^, ill nlovin^ th'- rcrtohi- 
 <ioui4, that ttH (Jliaitinan of the Trust, and 
 an orjp of tilt- i pr-'R-Milativort of the HoirH 
 of '!"r utt'. he thoiulit thnt thtf titn'* ha<l 
 cotnu whiMi eoiut' i (nn[>rfhi*ni«ivc' plun for 
 hartuHtr iQjpi')Vfm niK should hi' lui pptftl 
 to rorreBpor-M with tliK pioporti-i] < hrturn'I 
 of "2 1 feet hel WHi'u 'j'l-'hi'O aii'l Motjlital . 
 No (1 julit there wonUl be (liflTunteK tii 
 optili'ti ori i*n 'h artut'j'cr, bnt he tlioiii;ht 
 that whatever tendLiI to prom-.tt* the 
 fjf ni-r il iMtett'ct (-1" the ro'i.itiy, ot ot Ih'.- 
 city, woul'l best piomote tlif. inter-btof all 
 AectioQ^I partB of i*, tirni, tlierofore, be 
 hoped liial in the di ru.-.Hion 'if llieife reKolii- ■ 
 tionrt iu>ff nft'U'd, thrtt no serlion-il ft'olin^; 
 wonM b" allowftl to interf. o with wb»*t 
 n.ttjht be (he ^ -neral piil)liu interest. The 
 refloluttons not only einbiareil liie pDliry of 
 thn en] irg'-mont of the harhuur, but aUo 
 r«ftTre<i to (.lie ib-epuriini.' of the ehannfl ' 
 between Q'I'Ium: and *hirt city , Hu thought ' 
 it mi);ht :n; interrKtjni( to aoiu ^ metuberH ; 
 of the H .ard. yoiini^er than himself, to 1 
 Atate that fruru 18J2 up to 1H4 Mhe mercan- 
 tiia mon ()f Moiitreal were per«irilent in ' 
 ^ir^inp: ori thn tJ.Vf rnnient the ptiltlic nee. !<■ < 
 «ity of improving the nav)t;al(ou from the < 
 Hea to the r irt of Montreal. lu ISU the} 
 Government yielded to thou-* b >lleita- j 
 tionn and thn wurk was beffao 
 tf the I'lr'tu* Work", fi oiilrary, however, 
 to tlie opiidon of an eminent en^inetr. Mr. i 
 Athertoii, who had hoeu empbiyeit on ihe ; 
 <:iyde wofk-',) and afier Hpendin(? neatly i 
 ^lOi) 0<)'t in au> ni Ame to mak - a rtiraii^lit i 
 channel throtii;h Lake St. Pter, inxteail of 
 f iMowing the natural but wore eiook:'! ' 
 rhannel, the work was abandon-Ml, atl»'r in- ' 
 Testi^fttion, without any adr.tnta^e hi-int( 
 jjiiued to the trade. In 1851 «» uji wa^i 
 paBried aiithori7.'nii: the H^rhour ronnni'^- 
 Hionerd to underraku the (hannel improve- ' 
 iii'Mit". T- w they did in June m lH>t. 
 and in November of the Hame year a channel 
 wan cut o! 1', f.et wide and i leet do -per for ' 
 lour mijet), and a ship, the '' 'ity ot Miinch-D- 
 ter,'' wail laKfH fror i Montreal to <j lebec, ■ 
 <lrawriR It fet-t, wh"ii there wart t^ teet on ' 
 the 11 >tt4. (.Ill til." 2t'h of August, IH i;i, the I 
 ship •".'(•lif >ruta" wu.h loadtul down to It; 
 If^et, when there wai* i'l leet in the H ttc, and 
 pikrtried from Montreal to »^ leb e wiltiMit : 
 djfli iilty, and the ebannel was incn^asL-d in ' 
 wi<lth b> J"i- feet. TlMH remarkabl-' HUi cetJi* ,' 
 •n1u<:ed the CommiMflionerri to conMider the ' 
 posalhilily of increusi'itj the d -ptti to 'iO . 
 feet ^iirvi-yii. Hhow-'d tliiH was poff.-iibje, but i 
 i'XpiMirttve, ind nlfer a Uit'-renco of Itieaub- 
 j et to th'- uit-rt hautd and eitiz ns genei illy 
 ibe H'irhonr l'.immi(»Mionern were nrg«<d to ! 
 ^oijo with tryiot; to ohiatn a chanuul tnMn ' 
 8eaot M fe.'t. I-i Ovtoher, IH.^^t the work ' 
 bad HO tar pi(ii;r<-ri'< -d that the ntiip '' I'lid^ 
 of (.'anada" wa« loaded down to IH f.i'-t, 
 when thtM'e «4h II feet uu the H ttn, and 
 pa^nei* through to *J teher wllhonl touchlutf I 
 botto.a In |8ti.') tne eliannel wai* ho im- 
 provetl tital in November nt that year the : 
 «hip " Ueean <.^ leen" was loaded at Morel 
 to 1\ feel 2 i'lciiew, and pasHod do«n to ; 
 
 U lebt-c whilu tburti wan 11 feel oQ the 
 
 f\ ltd, but after thin feat hart bi'on mirto erl- 
 rtunt, the then CommiMionerrf w .•« d^*- 
 ' prived of their roranMHrtiim", hh w<>|I an their 
 , .lupirintendent t,\' workn, j Captain Arm- 
 ktrong.] i'hA i:hannel iitjw in aM it ix* 
 itti>d in November. )H*i.'< antl bail not huen 
 compl ted. lighted or buoyed an wan in- 
 tended, huch M a briif hihtory of il 'epen- 
 irig tlo- river between U iei>-e and Mont- 
 r-al. Tlie elV c t of (he improvement ir 
 trad, hw been remarkihle. H- fore the im- 
 pntvement. vesiJ-dM of only "J'» ' tonn were 
 engitk'ed in the trade. A-* the ■■ hinnel w.»k 
 deep lied I trgi*r nhip-i wre employed, until 
 8t -ameiH witli the prerienL d^pth, at low 
 w iter, of JO f -et, Hft end fiom fl- .i ol 
 ;i .^fli) tunft. Tiiking all rla^n- « of Hea 
 V ■H8'd»' ttie averaue luufi'tg- hefov.i the 
 iuiproviioient waK '^y' tdus. The average 
 in IHJJl WM l.".-; toui«, while thin averiee ui 
 lHT;{ w*rt .'iH-! toriK, I'dM iucreawe of the 
 K z ' of the vcHHelrt trading to M'>t. treat and 
 av'iidnig liglilerau'e I "^Hehed the eont ot 
 ftiiiuht. lu a tabi • p: -pared and puliliflhMl 
 in a 1 "ttev t I the late Mr L •rnieu.x in IHVI, 
 it. wan Mhown thul the ratf>H ol frttight in the 
 nine yeari* ending witi) |H")t.were 100 per 
 cent, higher tmm Montre-il to 1/verpooI 
 than from New V irk ; while tor th" time 
 yi-ars ending with rM'i, the ratew of fi "ight 
 Ironi Mo;.tre.'tl to Liverpool, under the im- 
 prove<l hyHlein of navi^^tiou, de< lined i i 
 p-T cent. Art a mitier of faci, it is found 
 more economical to uhh a large fthip than a 
 rtmalt one, and r^ftamern art' now in U'^e in 
 the trad • of N *w V irk of rvioo toriH, and tl 
 trade by the M. I.iwreni mh to keep pa.e 
 with N-w y-irk, the navigation from Mea to 
 Montreal iiiiHt he deepened for oueh vu-seU. 
 He t'etteved that if thn ii iloue, and other 
 fiieilities ereatei). a similar rednrti'»u in 
 Ir4*i^'lit wTIl f.dlow rtueh iiaprovem 'Ot in 
 the ti'iiiiM way a^ hart reunited fruai 
 improving *be chanQet from II to 20 
 tent at biw wal^r. <> ily a Hmtll p^rt 
 of the intt-rior trade y'lt pa^s-fl through 
 the St. Liwrenee — lot more than M p ^r 
 cent, titilt, it it* rapidly on the mcrearte, | 
 aa will he evident from then*; ti,'ure8. The 
 tonnage ol i il ind crAft which paid harl>nur , 
 duert in l-^'l I wart ;'■ t i,"ii< ; and lu 1S7 * the - 
 nnmh',*r bud inorease.l trom 5,it7 toti.T.il, ' 
 with a toiina«e of L'J.l,4'>i. Tne numb r 
 and tonna^H of ifea-guiu|C Hh'pii coining tu ; 
 Montreal waa 
 lu IRVl .... i"i^ 7(),'.>10 tons. 
 
 isti4 . . . MA I*ll, )[0 " 
 
 iMi t ... 7 2 41 J, 178 " 
 
 The revenue of the harbour wa« : ' 
 
 lu lK-)t. $tit,5fl0 
 
 IH it 104 -207 
 
 irt r.i ,' iMJi.^iSi 
 
 and in :87t it iHeHtimated at $n.i,00O This 
 rapid increaHe of trade demaudrt the moit 
 rtertou8 cou4ideratir-u. It irt not going to I 
 (•top. The rapid growth ot the interior, ' 
 both in Canada ami the Wentern Staten, wiK i 
 b'' Htill i;rt:ater in tlit> future titan in the 
 purtt, and an he [Mr V lung) believed that 
 Montreal wa-i a natural depot tor thig i om- ' 
 meree A tieavy rertpounihllily rented on the ' 
 (vommirtrtionerri in proviiliui^)) upieand lartf>' 
 Uciliiiect hir thi>^ ever inereaKinn trade. To 
 do thi£ etl -ctuaily the whole ni%tt>*r mUHt [ 
 be coDrtidemd, not only the deepening of 
 the idiannel fioin <^ lebec to M intieal, hut ' 
 the improvement ol the harbour, on a rtcul ; 
 (omnienrtiirato with Hiich a uavigition 
 At pr<'Hent the pi in in to diepon ' 
 tlie river to li feet, out of the ri'venue of 
 the harbour. Th«t i-i, the d ivernment I 
 furnirth the money, hut ^he HariH> ir Trust 
 pay theannu*! interest at live pi r cent. T«i 
 deepMi the channtd to 2?. f-et will ^o^t 
 $1,^00 ,000, and to de.-pen it to Li:> tect, will 
 corti i»ver $i.tiOo,i)oo, which, nt .'i per cent I 
 will he $l.><i,noO per annum. I'he A>.nu«I 
 iuterem now piyable on harbour iin,irove. 
 inent8 is f'.*i,.)oo, and if $lio,0(.o in ad letl ^ 
 ttieret!>, thtj whole revenuo ot the harbour ' 
 will he aimorbed, and nothing left ti* tm- ' 
 prove the harbour and increase facilitieH ' 
 I her in. N ow, tiie expeiiHc of deepening of 
 Like St. I*eler, and other parts at the 
 rivt*r, Ahuul I not be a burden on hai hour ' 
 revenuttH a-, il It* not a Im-'il work It in a ' 
 public wurk as much as any of the canaU, 
 
 an 1 it ha« always b-^en 8> roislderert. It 
 w*H b'gua by (lavernraent aia public work. 
 and althoiuh Uie lUrhoiir Commirtrtiouerit 
 eiiried on the work f-T a time, yet in Htl ) 
 the iJo^emm-nt rtt'(e;iUHd the dei.t, and in 
 IH'il ai- I A„, paMS.fd declarinvf thil the 
 wiiks .mtwi-en the harb'urs ot U ' bei and 
 M'.nlreal Khali he eonKiil»re1 *' n/i ' ./.-■((/ 
 t!H*i -js p't'ihr /'ro'-inn it «/'(.r^,i/ and tfo they 
 art", 'i ne ownern of whip-t in Nova Sco'ia. 
 N 5W l.tiuHWi ;k, or l*riut?e KlWiid l^'.'inil, 
 art) et) tally iuter.-Htefl| wirh other pirta of 
 Ihe [> (million, in having tliH chanii'd made 
 av-iil vhle tor the i irg.-Ht < Urtrt of vtM«. U, 
 and art tin- - lT,-c( x-i to reduM* treitiht, every 
 I,4tm"r, ilmi, it! the inferior, iti luterested. 
 Hur uni' srt me har'.)onr of Montreal irt Im- 
 prov-,1 and f i. iiiti.-n created in it, of the 
 name depth of w iter, and ou thertani i scale, 
 the d./rp -U'd ( h-itiUt I will h- nn-deHrt, tjr 
 th'-re i,-. n<> oUie in the prertent h ohour 
 where a rtliii (Irtwing '2') feet eouhl (iiid a 
 li rrth . Ttiirt irt an importaut f i-t and 
 muHt b»i iiitrl'igenllv conid'Ted. For, in 
 hirt o[)ini(H', if uoi cmrtileie-l and meum 
 provided foi the 'i'l toot itipp the irale ot 
 the interior eann-'V be ret-uned by M uit- 
 r-al Art fir buk an l^ji) he ( vir V.iuug) 
 saw the important ri of thin, ami when then 
 u-ting art a H*rbiiii (' numifirtioiier, moved 
 the HUluni'«-'i"n ot the <] leAtion how thiK 
 Wirt to lie d m- to M ji*Hrrt, T, '_'. K ef.^r and 
 U. S, G.iw-ki, v'ivii K-jgineeif, with in- 
 rttructioHH t » K"H wheltier a bran li of the ! 
 l.u'hine 'Jiiial :.iu!d n.>*. lie t uri-'d down ' 
 t'riigor other rttr-ftrt to Hn-hrl i^m . 'I'h.i 
 rt-port of the kfenlleui n w in, thtt the cost 
 of thlrt hy the pui'Ctm^e of luiildiugR and 
 land, on tlie route would he ho gr^at as to 
 put It out of the ipiertiiou. but tliey advised 
 the improvem nt of the nhoals opp )^ite 
 the city, the cuttiu< of a new ehanotd out- 
 rtide, and tne eonKtriict) >n ol a dock on the 
 I'oinf St I'lrirlert rthoaU. Sife tlien the 
 Victoria IJ i Ige iiart l>eeu built, and new 
 surveys have been nude Tlie T'oin nirt- 
 rtiin-Ts appointed a M lar I of K igUieerH in 
 \S'tH to tiX'ioiine the Hub| 'cl, who re- 
 ported rttrongly In favnur of docks, 
 being ronstructed at I'jint St (?hariert, and , 
 covering the shoals with wharves opponite 
 the city for the lhrou»;h trade. Charien 
 Legge, V. n , also eximiued the su j -t, , 
 and couciirred in opinion with tho-iwho 
 had preceded in. tJutrtide of K ii;in ern 
 there were thone who were in favt»;r o! alt : 
 new worktt in the bithour, b.-uu Hi M H.die- 
 Irtg* Biy N -w work;* will, no douot, he 
 coiisiructed there, and all the avaiUh'e 
 t'rontage will he reqoired for the trade j 
 which wilt be attraeteu there. In N ivem- ' 
 h r, IHj.l, in a letter adilre^^sed to the Har- ' 
 nour CouimiB-toufrrt, iie ^ »Ir. Vouilg) wmte 
 
 in reLffence to biriioin enlargemenc, that : 
 '' it h>n' not escaped my attention, that a 
 ■' very large I'sterirtion of the pre<ient har- 
 '' hour, a':c.MnnMdatii)n luu-t h; made i:j the ■ 
 
 direetiou ot lJ'ich.dag'\ itiy, I'he IralH 
 ••in sawn bimher is r.iptdU iucroarting, and i 
 "shoullthe Mintr-itaud Hyiown railway^* | 
 ' he constructed, it lUHt part^ out of tlu' ; 
 "'ity by the ea-*' end ol the M m-itiiii, an 1 ■ 
 ' itappears to m- thiit HocneUia ttiy mint 
 " become a i trgti shipping point for tho ' 
 
 wood and other goods of the O tawa 
 ■'Vdtey, ueceKsitating Ihe c omtrurijon of : 
 '■ wh trvert ther-. but alth »ugh this 
 ' will be neces-eiry, it in no way 
 " detracts from the necessity ot the ' 
 ■' construction of dock-i upon the I* )iut 
 '■ St. uharles shodrt, where warehuiiHts, 
 milts. \" ,, can b-* erected tree from ' 
 • langer by ice." IJy the c^in»lr(iction of the | 
 atiiitment and em'iinkmeni of the Vicuiria 
 Biidge (Mie-*hiri1 of the propped do. krt are 
 already c<mrttru:ted W'imuvu* to any e.x- 
 tuut c*n hrt built. Tti»n water from Ih j Si. 
 Liwrenc't can he easily ohtiined to give a 
 depth in the dock of "Jti 'eiit, Htores for grain, 
 /mill, eUivatorrt, m imif.t'.'tones can all lie 
 built, aad all biought into ronv uient con- ' 
 nection with the (iraud 'I'lU'ik Ilttlway j 
 The water power Would be iiulimite'l. The 
 water pow.ir at Miack II ick, L lekporl, ' 
 11 udjeMter and n ,w.'go bn alre.idy b-.en 
 occupied, Ai N jw Y trk there i;i no water ' 
 power, and an M'-Htirs M ^Alpine, Ctiilduand j 
 Iv ikwuud declared, *<%he faciliIiL's ul Uoul- 
 
 real wore un m| lailedon tiie continent, antl 
 and the rentiil f. tm this water power woul(t 
 more than three tiin-i* p*y the cost ol con- 
 rttniction. Toe canals must remain where 
 they are. 'J'he tradi ou thera with tho 
 West irt entirely ditl -rent from the tra(b» 
 that muHt tefitrein II pche'aga liAy, and the 
 ex,»"n*:'of c irttj; J tliere from the luill'i, or 
 tirih' cirtigtforn thereof gnnN to tbB 
 city, would be viry great. Tne conrttruc- 
 tion of this dock with dry rlocks 
 hii been tvtimitnd at $: oiio.noo, 
 luit suppose the cist would be $ I oo i,00f». 
 Tnirt at (i pnr cent would be $iH),iiuO 
 per annum II- had nhowa that the an- 
 nnd int.-rertt of 11 irhoiir.debt now is Ifij:,- 
 Oo't, whicii ad'led to.fiS .uji; w >ui I brj 
 ;$i7i,tM0, while tht) revi nue in !^^7fiH ea- 
 timite.l at $;7:).')e> showing ttiat this iro- 
 provem Mit is (|'i t wUhm the in-ans of tho 
 Htrhoiii- TrU'i, ^itho it any aid from li - 
 Vvi'-nm- lit, bm If these m-ans are taken to 
 (ouRlruct the cluun I btUw.:eu ij i-bec and 
 M ifitreal it will be out of the po*eruf the 
 ('otnm(S4iuuerrt t.» impvivethe hirhonrou 
 a laig ■ Kc i| * The expanse now of doing 
 leHtnes.iu tiie harbour is very great It la 
 al imp irtuit ij the interests ri it only ot 
 Montreal but of the country, that charges 
 Kthiul 1 be redu'vd, and every possible fioi- 
 litv created. All '.hejo harbour improvu* 
 in -tits may h-MlcMued lo< *l. yet they are of 
 ptr lie imp )rtane-. a-id tlm narhour of Moa- 
 Irei I is in >re the harbour o| Western L'tni- 
 da thin it is of K rtttru Canada, 
 for the people ther-, through their agentu 
 lu M unreal. ar.i the largest im- 
 porters and the liirgesl exp >rters, and every 
 e-nt s<ivcd m i;hftrg..rt either eh-iap -ns im- 
 puts to the lonsum-.T or enhances the 
 valu • of the t xp tris to the producer. It is 
 liiglily importaut then to lo'ik at this i(ueti- 
 tiid ctimprehensivrly. The great aim 
 rthould lie to lessen charges in the harb<itirof 
 M lutreiil, an 1 if it is tru i th*t by utilizing 
 ttie wtter powrr, the rentt* will more thau 
 thre'» tuuen piiy its C(tst, then w« cih look 
 forward to the time when there will be 
 litiU^ or no bar uiiir du ■»J. 'I'his il must 
 let b irne iu mmd has ni> connection wi h 
 the tiinnoert of the city, for eveiy cent col- 
 lects in iri' boir d leh; is kept Hpeci illy for 
 tnrb uir ttnprov.'m»Mit,i^ jn which the whole 
 4:ounlry is iulcrehted. Mr. V Ming again 
 repeated tliat to sad 11 * the trade and har- 
 bour revenues with piyiug lor river iiu- 
 provem-intrt, w-.; v»rong in piineiple, and 
 contiiiy to whit had been the practice. 
 Thtt tiie dyepeniu»r of the lake and river 
 was a nt'cesrtity ; that a harbour on tho 
 same sctl t was also a nee 'nSJty, and that 
 both should go on together, and tlnu Oov- 
 •irnuient «noutd assiuue tho one, leaviufi 
 the Couiiu'sstoners to carry out tne other. 
 rn« cost of the channel s».. far was only 
 $i. 2)0, 000, while Ihe improvmeut of tlid 
 Olyde tict^een tj re. nock and tJUsgo^ up to 
 !>*7,^— had from 17T:» — cost upv^ards of $: 3- 
 000,00 1. He referred at length to tlu 
 shortness of the navig-ible season, and that 
 by euaiiliug the fi.o e* ton steamer to comj 
 t(» Moutr^tt, I'JO miles nearer the 
 interior lak-i thao any port ou 
 (he conttneot, to m jet thy inland 
 vessel, thi-, wnh the U^-ilitiort for trans. 
 ferring th< ir sev-T^il c irgoes would gseatly 
 choapHU freight, lessen tlieir time iu 
 port, and increis-* the nnuib-r ot their 
 trips. TheS' fi'-tlities wool I also enable 
 the Orand Tiunk lliilway to plac their riita 
 around Um doc^t, relieving the pr -Hent iu- 
 couvdnlencj ou the wharves, and enible a 
 better conn 'Ction to b-^ m i le with the o -eau 
 an I intan'l vess'ls. H s n iw left the res i- 
 Luions in th; hiu U ol Hi m! on niuKin srs 
 Ht felt it t.t b* his du\v to i>rin< thton 
 nodcrtb''ir attmtion. Iu yetrs gone by 
 he htd b 'ell acciis>ti) in nging these im- 
 provetn-'hti from doing so throii^^h lulerosteu 
 motives, Im' h-ing a Urgi Un led proprie- 
 tor at the West Htid, and statem .uts werj 
 m ide th.it ' where his trea-mres w. r ', th.,*ra 
 bis heart was alao , ' but as thissittfof 
 things no long -r exists he ho,>ed tiiat. no 
 such argum Uits wjiUlnow prevail, as his 
 views Were solely b iseit ou their ae ^easily 
 in the luterodts uf U)atr4al and tho couu- 
 try.