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T
Nothing could be more practically Disloyal, Unpatriotic,
and Unchristian than the Hard Money Legislation of
England, aggravated by her recent Irreciprocal Free
'^ Trade. . ■ , . :,„:„.■.,.,. , .. .^ ... .,,;....m, . ,,„ , .,, :,^,
ITS EFFECT, IF NOT ITS INTENTION, AS THE OLD ENGLISH RADICALS WHOM I HAVE SEEN
HAN(JED AND BEHEADED AVERRED, HEINO TO EXTIRPATE OR SILENCE THE INDEPENDENCE OF
THAT (iRKAT CLASS, WHICH PROPERLY IS THE NATION, WHO LABOR FOR THEIR BREAD, BY
CONTRACTINU NOT ONLY THEIR WAGES, BUT THEIR EMPLOYMENT; THUS MAKING LIFE A MERE
SCUFF[.E FOR EXISTENCE, WITH NO LEISURE FOR THOUGHT EITHER IN REGARD TO TIME OR
ETERNITY, THUS ALSO (ACCORDING TO THE OLD RADICAL SUPPOSITION) MAKING THE PEOPLE MORE
EASILY GOVERNED— THE VERY CONTRARY EFFECT THAT SUCH INHUMANITY WILL HAVE IN AMERICA
An indkpbndent monbt for each country
thk uiikat national ub8iueiiatum.
It has been my conviction for more than
forty years, (evidenced by my evidence before
the Upper Canada Parliament in 1837, and
ray writings and .speeches ever since) that all
that ignorant legislation could <lo lius been
done to make C^anada a second Ireland : and
that its not being made so is wholly attrib-
utable to there Imng here a supertluity of
iMid on which the people could take refuge
as landlords.
PAPER MONKV THR KENEDY FOH IRELAND.
And since the utihappy policy towards
Ireland, as well as ('anada, is now up for
reversal, it is not a deviation from my sub-
ject, but rather a means of illustfetiiig it,
that I take this opportunity of calling to
mind that I have always seen Hnd said that
an independent money for Ireland is the only
rnmody for the evils utider which England
ignorantly, rather than with bad intention,
leaves that country to groan.
Sir (Jhsrles .VIetcalfe was said to have given
more serious thought to the subject of
Ireland than any man of his day who
was equally capable, and it was my un-
speakable privilege to have opportunities
of discuss' g it with him when he wa.s here
as (lover '-(Jcneral, '.liirty-tive years ago.
Previousl l held the .strong opinion, which I
still conti.iue to hold, that the solution of
Ireland's case is not ditlicult, but indeed very
simple, and that the difficulty is not so much
with Ireland as with England, from her cUss
legislntion hnvitig inatU her a fiiwncial fetid-
alinin. And I used to insist, in my conver-
sations with Sir (Jharles Metcalfe, that the
landlords having the power of taking their
rents away from Ireland in gold is practical Iv
nearly the whole evil. His Excellency leit
Canada thirty-five years ago, and had ' my
remedy been adopted then I have no doubt
that long before this time Ireland would have
Iteen the most desirable part of the mother
country. I wouhl simply have had the Ciov-
ernment of Ireland issue un independent cur-
rency for Ireland, the effect of which would
be to keep the money in Ireland. The pay-
ment to the landlords woidd be legal tender
paper orders for some commodity in Ireland,
(including gold of course), at its value in Ire-
laud ; and these _ - v orders being the only
money in Ireland « M soon have put a stop
t<j the over-importations of outside labor in
the shape of goods which have helped to suck
the oountr7 of its legal life's blood,
I would al.so use the national paper money
of Ireland to purchase Large Estates from the
absentee landlords, for cutting up into small
Holdings, to be paid, principal and interest,
gradually in 30 or 40 years, including a life
insurance to secure, on the death of the
small purchaser occurring, the land would be
fi'ee of debt. But I would not have Govern-
ment to continue connected with the land,
and would sell the mortgages taken in pay-
ment for it ; which pr<x;ess would return
money into the hands of the tiovernment to
repeat the transaction nd infinitum. And
sure 1 am not only that this plan would work
I out the salvation of Ireland, but that in no
way, except by the instrumentality of a
national legal tender paper money, can this
be effected, since in no other way can pros-
perity, witli its benign result peace, be 8ecure<i
to tliat country. Sir Robert Peel's monetary
legislation reduceil the circulation of Ireland
one-half ; and his free import measure was
perhaps a greater Wow to her ; these together
putting all the impediments that legislation
could put in the way of A country itself
GLOKiDUS ; so that at present every humane
and intelligent heart must feel with Tom
Moore with regard to unhappy Ireland :
"Oh ! let jjricf come tirst,
O'er pride itaelf vioturious,
To t)iinl< )ic>w mau luw cursed
What God had made so glorious."
The great Daniel O'Connell, (whom I had
the high gratification to hear speak both in
and out of Parliament,) was an enthusias-
tic disciple of that greatest thinker,
the great and good John Taylor, of
London, the great father and philosopher
of emblematic money. I preserved O'Connell's
elo(iUfnt words in eulogy of the incalculable
benefit to a country of its having an inde-
pendent money, but, unfortunately I cannot,
at the moment, lay my hand on them. I
shall, however, I hope, be able to re-produce
them in some future publication, and in doing
so I shall feel that I am doing a great benefit
to humanity by strengthening Uie ci.use of
moiietary reform ; for O'Connell knew more
of the subject than even the statesmen of the
present day seem to do ; although probably
nine in ten of these are converts to the cause,
although the all-powerful financial feudalism
prevents them daring to profess this.
O'Connell knew that as in spiritual matters
religion is nothing to the mind unless it is
allowed to be everything, so this Religion of
Humanity (which this question amoimts to)
lefuses to take anything but the first place in
our secular legislation. But, as the result of
long circumstantial causes, the Church not
unnaturally finds itself in that position in
England, and thus is an insuperable impedi-
ment to getting the question of the living of
the people into Parliament, seeing that ynany
members are elected from their safety as
Churchmen to one from his principles and
ability as a social reformer. So that unless
it could be expected that Engknd would
yield to Ireland what she would deny to her-
self, tlie only hope for Industrial Reform for
Ireland was its becoming seen that the pos-
sibility of prosperity in England, and there-
fore the possibility of preserving her Execu-
tive Institutions, depended on a patriotic and
Christian revolution in her legislation.
It was with a mind thus perplexed that
O'Connell may be supposed to have been in
the way of exclaiming,
" Hereditary bondsmen know ya not,
Wno would be free themselves must strike the
blow. "
The blow wanted to be struck was not
against the British Government, but against
certain disloyal, unpatriotic and unchristian
English legislation — not to press down the
intorosts of any legitimate cla.s8, but to put
up and securt tliose of all ola.s.i-.is in tli"
permanent elevation of the purchasing pow-
er of labour, through securing a continual
demand for it, by upsetting the monopoly
which Gold now enjoys over all other prop-
erty, not excepting the poor man's labour.
And no doubt O'Connell anticipatetl that
long ago the people's eyes in England aa
well as Ireland would have opene<t to the
fact that legislation in favor of hard money
' fixed in price without regard to the local
value of the metal made a legal tender, with
the aggiavation of unreciprocal free trade,
amounts to practical Communism — that vorst
Communism which makes labour and fixed
property divide irreciprocally with money
capital, and is thus practically disloyal to the
Crown, as well as unpatriotic and unchris-
tian, whatever its intention.
AN INDEPENDENT MONBY WITH AN IKTERB8T
STANDARD CONVERTIBLE INTO A PRODUCTIVE
PROPERTY, BUT NOT INTO GOLD AT AN
AHBITKARY FIXED PRICE HAVING NO REFER-
ENCE TO ITt LOCAL VALUE, INDISPENBIBLE
TO THE POSSIBILITY OF PROSPERITY IM
CANADA.
I intend this explanation for the public
meeting on the subject of currency reform
I
which is to Occur at St. Oatharines next
* Thursday, (8th January, 1H80), as it may be
out of my power to attend it. As usual witli
me ray great object is to explain and (uiforce
the great fact that the question of the money of
a country and its witiomtl employnumi m one
question, the solution of the one being the
solution of the other, plentiful and cheap
money being a convertible term for plentiful
and sufficiently remunerativf! cniploynient.
My old definition of a true money is that it
is a thing of or belottgiiuf to a country, not of
or belonging to the world ; and every day that
I live I become more and more convinced
that the adoption of this as a principle is the
condition of the prosperity of Canada, and
therefore of the integrity of the Empire.
I intended to take up some points and il-
lustrations not likely to be those of the speak-
ers at the meeting ; such as the origin and
infamSus inception by one class in England
(and that an alien one whose boast is that
money capital own.^ no allegiance to country)
of the monetary legislation under which
Canada groans. I should like also to have
praised the very efficient movement of the
St. Catharines Currency Reformers, more es-
pecially as boldly made in the face of the ap-
parent pusillanimous desertion (unmindful
of the direful effect of this on Ireland
and Canada), by the Americans of
the principle of emblematic money, after
having for sixteen years seen the great
things it had achieved for their country.
But, from my mind entering enthusiastically
into the melancholy case of Ireland, I have
been led to give at such length the direful
effects of hard money in that country, that
time will not permit me to carry out my pro-
gramme at present. I shall, however, quote
below from a pamphlet of mine in England
more than a quarter of a century ago. Great
monetary distress existed then as now, and
nothing prevented the triumph of our great
cause at that time but the discoveries of gold
in California and Australia
A ORBAT AND SELF-EVIDENT TRUTH NOW
ABOUT TO BICOMB A NATIONAL CONVICTION.
". Tliat which we have long seen to be a
great and self-evident truth seems now to be
about to become a national conviction — that
under our present British principles of money,
or monetary law, it is an utter impo.ssibility
for any country to have any continuance of
prosperity, because our prosperity necessar-
ily AND IMMEDIATELY IS THE CAUSE OF AD-
VERSITY. Prosperity, or more bidders for
our own country's labor, leads to higher
wages, as a necessary consequence, higher
prices. The foreigner then finds it cheapf-.r
for him to buy gold for exportation, this arti-
cle being prevented by law from rising in
price, and the hopes of the working
CLASSES are IMMEDIATELY DASHED TO THE
GROUND, UNDER THE DOUBLE EFFECT OP LES-
SENED DEMAND FOB THEIR LABOR, AND OF THE
PARALYSIS INTRODUCED INTO THE HONEY MAR-
KET THROUGH THE THREATENED EXPORTATION
OF (lOLii. Tilt' ureat i^rror of uur l;egislation
is thus soen to be lliatgold, while only a
money or counter to our liiiinc trade, can bo
used as an exportable coniiuodity by
the foreign trade, and is prnetically
so used the moment the price of our
own productions rise aliove tim lowest
raw material price. Even Lord ralnierston,
I have been told, now feels it due to himsel '
to deny that he personally had any implica-
tion with the BAH(iAiN between Lonl John
Russell, the then premier, ami Sir Robert
Peel, to which I have alluded, (viz , that
while Peel gave a fair consideration to the
Russell government, his monetary measures
would not be called in question,) and has
gone the length of asking for information
on the subject of ' this Taxation viorwy."
" In the meantime, however, like all pre-
vious and probably all future Reformers, we
have long been made to suffer the martyrdom
necessarily the consequence of what at first
appears to the world as '//w folly* of the truth,'
a point which the celebrated Swiss, Dr. Viiiet
(who writes this in the most elo(|uent French
of modern days) so well explains in the fol-
lowing words :"
" ' Not only an opinion which all the
world rejects, but a hope which no one shares,
or a plan with which no one associates him-
self, brings the charge of folly, before the
multitude, against the rash man who has
conceived it, and who ciierishes it His
opinion may seem just, and his aim reasona-
ble ; he is a f(X)l only for wishing to realize
it His folly lies in believiig possible what
all the world esteenis impossible. * ♦
" ' Many reason upon this subject as if
nothing had happened since the tlay when
God, looking upon his work, saw that what
he had made was good. They speak of truth
as if its condition amongst us were always
the same. They love to represent it envel-
oping and accompanying humanity, as the
atmosphere envelopes and accompanies our
earth in its journey through the heavens.
But it is not so ; truth is not attached to our
mind, as the atmosphere to the globe we in-
habit. Truth is a suppliant, who, standing
before the threshold, is for ever pressing
towards the hearth, from which sin has ban-
ished it. As we pass and repass l)efore
that door, which it never (juits, that majes-
tic and mournful figure fi.xes for a moment
our distracted attention. Each time it
awakens in our memory I know not what
dim recollections of order, glory and happi-
ness ; but we pass, and the impression
vanishes. We have not Iwsen able entirely to
repudiate the truth, we still retain some
unconnected fragments of it — what of its
light our enfeeViled eye can bear, what of it is
proportioned to our condition. The rest we
reject and disfigure, so as to render it difficult
of recognition while we retain, ^which is one
•The French medtcat word /ol<<~-iiiHnity.
I of our misfortunes, — the names of things we
[ no longer possess. Moral and social truth is
j like one of those uionumental inscriptions
I (level with the ground) ovtT which the whole
I community pa.ss us they go to their business,
j and which every day become more and more
ilefacod ; until some friendly chisel is applied
to deepen the lines in that worn-out stone, so
that every one is forced to perceive and read
it. That chisel is in the hands op a small
NI'MRKR of MEN, WHO PERHEKVINULV REMAIN
PHO.STUATK BEFORE THAT ANCIENT INSCRIPTION,
AT THE RISK OF llKIN(i DAHIIK.U UPON THU
Pavement, and trampled under the heed-
less FEET of the passehs-hv ; in other
words, this truth dropped into oblivion, that
duty fallen into disuse, finds a witness in the
person of some man who has not l)elieved
that all the world are right, simply and solely
because it is a/i the worhl
" ' The strange things which that strange
man says, and which some others repeat
after him, will not fail to be believe<l sooner
or later, and finally become the univcxsal
opinion. And why? Because truth is
truth ; because it corresponds to everything ;
because, both in general and in detail, it is
better adapteil to us than error ; because,
bound up by the most intimate relationf,
with all the order in the univer.se, it has, in
our interests and wants, a thousand involun-
tary advocates ; because every thing de-
mands it, every thing cries after it, be-
cause error exhausts and degrades itself;
because falsehood, which, at first appear-
ed to benefit all, has ended by injuring
ALL ; so that truth sits down in its place,
vacant as it were, for the want of a suitable
heir. Enemies concur with friends, obstacles
with means, to the production of that unex-
pected result. Combinations, of which it is
imp >ssible to give acount, and of which
God only has the secret, secure that victory.
But conscience is not a stranger here ; for
there is within us, whatever we do, a witness
to the truth, a witness timid and slow, but
which a superior force drags from its retreat,
and at last compels to speak. It is thus
that truths, the most combattki), and, at
first, sustained by organs the most de-
spised, end by becoming in their turn pop-
ular convictions.
" ' This, however, does not prevent all
such truths from being combatted, and their
first witnesses from passing for madmen.
At the head of each of those movements
which have promoted the elevation of the
human race, what do you seel In the esti-
mation of the world, madmen. And the con-
tempt they havo attracted by their folly has
always been proportionate to the grandeur of
their enteiprise, and the generosity of their
intentionn. The true heroes of humanity
have always been crowned by that insulting
epithet.'"
Isaac Buchanan.