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T 
 
 Nothing could be more practically Disloyal, Unpatriotic, 
 
 and Unchristian than the Hard Money Legislation of 
 
 England, aggravated by her recent Irreciprocal Free 
 
 '^ Trade. . ■ , . :,„:„.■.,.,. , .. .^ ... .,,;....m, . ,,„ , .,, :,^, 
 
 ITS EFFECT, IF NOT ITS INTENTION, AS THE OLD ENGLISH RADICALS WHOM I HAVE SEEN 
 HAN(JED AND BEHEADED AVERRED, HEINO TO EXTIRPATE OR SILENCE THE INDEPENDENCE OF 
 THAT (iRKAT CLASS, WHICH PROPERLY IS THE NATION, WHO LABOR FOR THEIR BREAD, BY 
 CONTRACTINU NOT ONLY THEIR WAGES, BUT THEIR EMPLOYMENT; THUS MAKING LIFE A MERE 
 SCUFF[.E FOR EXISTENCE, WITH NO LEISURE FOR THOUGHT EITHER IN REGARD TO TIME OR 
 ETERNITY, THUS ALSO (ACCORDING TO THE OLD RADICAL SUPPOSITION) MAKING THE PEOPLE MORE 
 EASILY GOVERNED— THE VERY CONTRARY EFFECT THAT SUCH INHUMANITY WILL HAVE IN AMERICA 
 
 An indkpbndent monbt for each country 
 thk uiikat national ub8iueiiatum. 
 
 It has been my conviction for more than 
 forty years, (evidenced by my evidence before 
 the Upper Canada Parliament in 1837, and 
 ray writings and .speeches ever since) that all 
 that ignorant legislation could <lo lius been 
 done to make C^anada a second Ireland : and 
 that its not being made so is wholly attrib- 
 utable to there Imng here a supertluity of 
 iMid on which the people could take refuge 
 as landlords. 
 
 PAPER MONKV THR KENEDY FOH IRELAND. 
 
 And since the utihappy policy towards 
 Ireland, as well as ('anada, is now up for 
 reversal, it is not a deviation from my sub- 
 ject, but rather a means of illustfetiiig it, 
 that I take this opportunity of calling to 
 mind that I have always seen Hnd said that 
 an independent money for Ireland is the only 
 rnmody for the evils utider which England 
 ignorantly, rather than with bad intention, 
 leaves that country to groan. 
 
 Sir (Jhsrles .VIetcalfe was said to have given 
 more serious thought to the subject of 
 Ireland than any man of his day who 
 was equally capable, and it was my un- 
 speakable privilege to have opportunities 
 of discuss' g it with him when he wa.s here 
 as (lover '-(Jcneral, '.liirty-tive years ago. 
 Previousl l held the .strong opinion, which I 
 still conti.iue to hold, that the solution of 
 Ireland's case is not ditlicult, but indeed very 
 simple, and that the difficulty is not so much 
 with Ireland as with England, from her cUss 
 legislntion hnvitig inatU her a fiiwncial fetid- 
 alinin. And I used to insist, in my conver- 
 sations with Sir (Jharles Metcalfe, that the 
 landlords having the power of taking their 
 rents away from Ireland in gold is practical Iv 
 nearly the whole evil. His Excellency leit 
 Canada thirty-five years ago, and had ' my 
 remedy been adopted then I have no doubt 
 that long before this time Ireland would have 
 Iteen the most desirable part of the mother 
 country. I wouhl simply have had the Ciov- 
 ernment of Ireland issue un independent cur- 
 rency for Ireland, the effect of which would 
 be to keep the money in Ireland. The pay- 
 ment to the landlords woidd be legal tender 
 paper orders for some commodity in Ireland, 
 (including gold of course), at its value in Ire- 
 laud ; and these _ - v orders being the only 
 money in Ireland « M soon have put a stop 
 t<j the over-importations of outside labor in 
 the shape of goods which have helped to suck 
 the oountr7 of its legal life's blood, 
 
 I would al.so use the national paper money 
 of Ireland to purchase Large Estates from the 
 absentee landlords, for cutting up into small 
 Holdings, to be paid, principal and interest, 
 gradually in 30 or 40 years, including a life 
 insurance to secure, on the death of the 
 small purchaser occurring, the land would be 
 fi'ee of debt. But I would not have Govern- 
 ment to continue connected with the land, 
 and would sell the mortgages taken in pay- 
 ment for it ; which pr<x;ess would return 
 money into the hands of the tiovernment to 
 repeat the transaction nd infinitum. And 
 sure 1 am not only that this plan would work 
 I out the salvation of Ireland, but that in no 
 way, except by the instrumentality of a 
 national legal tender paper money, can this 
 be effected, since in no other way can pros- 
 perity, witli its benign result peace, be 8ecure<i 
 to tliat country. Sir Robert Peel's monetary 
 legislation reduceil the circulation of Ireland 
 one-half ; and his free import measure was 
 perhaps a greater Wow to her ; these together 
 putting all the impediments that legislation 
 could put in the way of A country itself 
 GLOKiDUS ; so that at present every humane 
 and intelligent heart must feel with Tom 
 Moore with regard to unhappy Ireland : 
 
 "Oh ! let jjricf come tirst, 
 
 O'er pride itaelf vioturious, 
 To t)iinl< )ic>w mau luw cursed 
 
 What God had made so glorious." 
 
 The great Daniel O'Connell, (whom I had 
 the high gratification to hear speak both in 
 and out of Parliament,) was an enthusias- 
 tic disciple of that greatest thinker, 
 the great and good John Taylor, of 
 London, the great father and philosopher 
 of emblematic money. I preserved O'Connell's 
 elo(iUfnt words in eulogy of the incalculable 
 benefit to a country of its having an inde- 
 pendent money, but, unfortunately I cannot, 
 at the moment, lay my hand on them. I 
 shall, however, I hope, be able to re-produce 
 them in some future publication, and in doing 
 so I shall feel that I am doing a great benefit 
 to humanity by strengthening Uie ci.use of 
 moiietary reform ; for O'Connell knew more 
 of the subject than even the statesmen of the 
 present day seem to do ; although probably 
 nine in ten of these are converts to the cause, 
 although the all-powerful financial feudalism 
 prevents them daring to profess this. 
 
 O'Connell knew that as in spiritual matters 
 religion is nothing to the mind unless it is 
 allowed to be everything, so this Religion of 
 Humanity (which this question amoimts to) 
 
 lefuses to take anything but the first place in 
 our secular legislation. But, as the result of 
 long circumstantial causes, the Church not 
 unnaturally finds itself in that position in 
 England, and thus is an insuperable impedi- 
 ment to getting the question of the living of 
 the people into Parliament, seeing that ynany 
 members are elected from their safety as 
 Churchmen to one from his principles and 
 ability as a social reformer. So that unless 
 it could be expected that Engknd would 
 yield to Ireland what she would deny to her- 
 self, tlie only hope for Industrial Reform for 
 Ireland was its becoming seen that the pos- 
 sibility of prosperity in England, and there- 
 fore the possibility of preserving her Execu- 
 tive Institutions, depended on a patriotic and 
 Christian revolution in her legislation. 
 
 It was with a mind thus perplexed that 
 O'Connell may be supposed to have been in 
 the way of exclaiming, 
 
 " Hereditary bondsmen know ya not, 
 Wno would be free themselves must strike the 
 blow. " 
 
 The blow wanted to be struck was not 
 against the British Government, but against 
 certain disloyal, unpatriotic and unchristian 
 English legislation — not to press down the 
 intorosts of any legitimate cla.s8, but to put 
 up and securt tliose of all ola.s.i-.is in tli" 
 permanent elevation of the purchasing pow- 
 er of labour, through securing a continual 
 demand for it, by upsetting the monopoly 
 which Gold now enjoys over all other prop- 
 erty, not excepting the poor man's labour. 
 And no doubt O'Connell anticipatetl that 
 long ago the people's eyes in England aa 
 well as Ireland would have opene<t to the 
 fact that legislation in favor of hard money 
 ' fixed in price without regard to the local 
 value of the metal made a legal tender, with 
 the aggiavation of unreciprocal free trade, 
 amounts to practical Communism — that vorst 
 Communism which makes labour and fixed 
 property divide irreciprocally with money 
 capital, and is thus practically disloyal to the 
 Crown, as well as unpatriotic and unchris- 
 tian, whatever its intention. 
 
 AN INDEPENDENT MONBY WITH AN IKTERB8T 
 STANDARD CONVERTIBLE INTO A PRODUCTIVE 
 PROPERTY, BUT NOT INTO GOLD AT AN 
 AHBITKARY FIXED PRICE HAVING NO REFER- 
 ENCE TO ITt LOCAL VALUE, INDISPENBIBLE 
 TO THE POSSIBILITY OF PROSPERITY IM 
 CANADA. 
 
 I intend this explanation for the public 
 meeting on the subject of currency reform 
 
 I 
 
which is to Occur at St. Oatharines next 
 * Thursday, (8th January, 1H80), as it may be 
 out of my power to attend it. As usual witli 
 me ray great object is to explain and (uiforce 
 the great fact that the question of the money of 
 a country and its witiomtl employnumi m one 
 question, the solution of the one being the 
 solution of the other, plentiful and cheap 
 money being a convertible term for plentiful 
 and sufficiently remunerativf! cniploynient. 
 My old definition of a true money is that it 
 is a thing of or belottgiiuf to a country, not of 
 or belonging to the world ; and every day that 
 I live I become more and more convinced 
 that the adoption of this as a principle is the 
 condition of the prosperity of Canada, and 
 therefore of the integrity of the Empire. 
 
 I intended to take up some points and il- 
 lustrations not likely to be those of the speak- 
 ers at the meeting ; such as the origin and 
 infamSus inception by one class in England 
 (and that an alien one whose boast is that 
 money capital own.^ no allegiance to country) 
 of the monetary legislation under which 
 Canada groans. I should like also to have 
 praised the very efficient movement of the 
 St. Catharines Currency Reformers, more es- 
 pecially as boldly made in the face of the ap- 
 parent pusillanimous desertion (unmindful 
 of the direful effect of this on Ireland 
 and Canada), by the Americans of 
 the principle of emblematic money, after 
 having for sixteen years seen the great 
 things it had achieved for their country. 
 But, from my mind entering enthusiastically 
 into the melancholy case of Ireland, I have 
 been led to give at such length the direful 
 effects of hard money in that country, that 
 time will not permit me to carry out my pro- 
 gramme at present. I shall, however, quote 
 below from a pamphlet of mine in England 
 more than a quarter of a century ago. Great 
 monetary distress existed then as now, and 
 nothing prevented the triumph of our great 
 cause at that time but the discoveries of gold 
 in California and Australia 
 
 A ORBAT AND SELF-EVIDENT TRUTH NOW 
 ABOUT TO BICOMB A NATIONAL CONVICTION. 
 
 ". Tliat which we have long seen to be a 
 great and self-evident truth seems now to be 
 about to become a national conviction — that 
 under our present British principles of money, 
 or monetary law, it is an utter impo.ssibility 
 for any country to have any continuance of 
 prosperity, because our prosperity necessar- 
 ily AND IMMEDIATELY IS THE CAUSE OF AD- 
 VERSITY. Prosperity, or more bidders for 
 our own country's labor, leads to higher 
 wages, as a necessary consequence, higher 
 prices. The foreigner then finds it cheapf-.r 
 for him to buy gold for exportation, this arti- 
 cle being prevented by law from rising in 
 price, and the hopes of the working 
 
 CLASSES are IMMEDIATELY DASHED TO THE 
 GROUND, UNDER THE DOUBLE EFFECT OP LES- 
 SENED DEMAND FOB THEIR LABOR, AND OF THE 
 PARALYSIS INTRODUCED INTO THE HONEY MAR- 
 
 KET THROUGH THE THREATENED EXPORTATION 
 
 OF (lOLii. Tilt' ureat i^rror of uur l;egislation 
 is thus soen to be lliatgold, while only a 
 money or counter to our liiiinc trade, can bo 
 used as an exportable coniiuodity by 
 the foreign trade, and is prnetically 
 so used the moment the price of our 
 own productions rise aliove tim lowest 
 raw material price. Even Lord ralnierston, 
 I have been told, now feels it due to himsel ' 
 to deny that he personally had any implica- 
 tion with the BAH(iAiN between Lonl John 
 Russell, the then premier, ami Sir Robert 
 Peel, to which I have alluded, (viz , that 
 while Peel gave a fair consideration to the 
 Russell government, his monetary measures 
 would not be called in question,) and has 
 gone the length of asking for information 
 on the subject of ' this Taxation viorwy." 
 
 " In the meantime, however, like all pre- 
 vious and probably all future Reformers, we 
 have long been made to suffer the martyrdom 
 necessarily the consequence of what at first 
 appears to the world as '//w folly* of the truth,' 
 a point which the celebrated Swiss, Dr. Viiiet 
 (who writes this in the most elo(|uent French 
 of modern days) so well explains in the fol- 
 lowing words :" 
 
 " ' Not only an opinion which all the 
 world rejects, but a hope which no one shares, 
 or a plan with which no one associates him- 
 self, brings the charge of folly, before the 
 multitude, against the rash man who has 
 conceived it, and who ciierishes it His 
 opinion may seem just, and his aim reasona- 
 ble ; he is a f(X)l only for wishing to realize 
 it His folly lies in believiig possible what 
 all the world esteenis impossible. * ♦ 
 
 " ' Many reason upon this subject as if 
 nothing had happened since the tlay when 
 God, looking upon his work, saw that what 
 he had made was good. They speak of truth 
 as if its condition amongst us were always 
 the same. They love to represent it envel- 
 oping and accompanying humanity, as the 
 atmosphere envelopes and accompanies our 
 earth in its journey through the heavens. 
 But it is not so ; truth is not attached to our 
 mind, as the atmosphere to the globe we in- 
 habit. Truth is a suppliant, who, standing 
 before the threshold, is for ever pressing 
 towards the hearth, from which sin has ban- 
 ished it. As we pass and repass l)efore 
 that door, which it never (juits, that majes- 
 tic and mournful figure fi.xes for a moment 
 our distracted attention. Each time it 
 awakens in our memory I know not what 
 dim recollections of order, glory and happi- 
 ness ; but we pass, and the impression 
 vanishes. We have not Iwsen able entirely to 
 repudiate the truth, we still retain some 
 unconnected fragments of it — what of its 
 light our enfeeViled eye can bear, what of it is 
 proportioned to our condition. The rest we 
 reject and disfigure, so as to render it difficult 
 of recognition while we retain, ^which is one 
 
 •The French medtcat word /ol<<~-iiiHnity. 
 
 I of our misfortunes, — the names of things we 
 
 [ no longer possess. Moral and social truth is 
 
 j like one of those uionumental inscriptions 
 
 I (level with the ground) ovtT which the whole 
 
 I community pa.ss us they go to their business, 
 
 j and which every day become more and more 
 
 ilefacod ; until some friendly chisel is applied 
 
 to deepen the lines in that worn-out stone, so 
 
 that every one is forced to perceive and read 
 
 it. That chisel is in the hands op a small 
 
 NI'MRKR of MEN, WHO PERHEKVINULV REMAIN 
 PHO.STUATK BEFORE THAT ANCIENT INSCRIPTION, 
 AT THE RISK OF llKIN(i DAHIIK.U UPON THU 
 
 Pavement, and trampled under the heed- 
 less FEET of the passehs-hv ; in other 
 words, this truth dropped into oblivion, that 
 duty fallen into disuse, finds a witness in the 
 person of some man who has not l)elieved 
 that all the world are right, simply and solely 
 because it is a/i the worhl 
 
 " ' The strange things which that strange 
 man says, and which some others repeat 
 after him, will not fail to be believe<l sooner 
 or later, and finally become the univcxsal 
 opinion. And why? Because truth is 
 truth ; because it corresponds to everything ; 
 because, both in general and in detail, it is 
 better adapteil to us than error ; because, 
 bound up by the most intimate relationf, 
 with all the order in the univer.se, it has, in 
 our interests and wants, a thousand involun- 
 tary advocates ; because every thing de- 
 mands it, every thing cries after it, be- 
 cause error exhausts and degrades itself; 
 because falsehood, which, at first appear- 
 ed to benefit all, has ended by injuring 
 ALL ; so that truth sits down in its place, 
 vacant as it were, for the want of a suitable 
 heir. Enemies concur with friends, obstacles 
 with means, to the production of that unex- 
 pected result. Combinations, of which it is 
 imp >ssible to give acount, and of which 
 God only has the secret, secure that victory. 
 But conscience is not a stranger here ; for 
 there is within us, whatever we do, a witness 
 to the truth, a witness timid and slow, but 
 which a superior force drags from its retreat, 
 and at last compels to speak. It is thus 
 that truths, the most combattki), and, at 
 first, sustained by organs the most de- 
 spised, end by becoming in their turn pop- 
 ular convictions. 
 
 " ' This, however, does not prevent all 
 such truths from being combatted, and their 
 first witnesses from passing for madmen. 
 At the head of each of those movements 
 which have promoted the elevation of the 
 human race, what do you seel In the esti- 
 mation of the world, madmen. And the con- 
 tempt they havo attracted by their folly has 
 always been proportionate to the grandeur of 
 their enteiprise, and the generosity of their 
 intentionn. The true heroes of humanity 
 have always been crowned by that insulting 
 epithet.'" 
 
 Isaac Buchanan.