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All other original copies are filmed beginning on tha first page with a printed or illustrated impree- sion. and ending on the last page with a printed or illuatratad impression. Tha last recorded frame on each '"•"O^'f*)* shall contain the symbol — ^ •"'••"'"« ^S?!:; TINUEO"). or the symbol V (meaning two I. whichever applies. Maps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at diHarent reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. Tha following diagrams illustrate the method: L'«x«fnpiair« filir« fut rcproduit flrac* i la g*n*ro«iti d«: Bibliotheque nationale du Canada Lm images suivantas ont at* rsproduitas avac la plus grand soin, compta tanu da la condition st da la nattsta da I'Msmplair* filma. at an eonformita avac laa conditions du conaat da filmaga. Las •xsmplairos originaux dont la couvsrturs an papiar ast imprimaa sont filmas an commandant par la pramiar plat at an tarminant soit par la darniara paga qui compona una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration. soit par la sacond plat, salon la cas. Tous las autras axamplairas originaux sont filmas an commanpant par la pramiara paga qui eomporta una amprainta d'imprassion ou d'illustration at an tarminant par la darniara paga qui eomporta una talla amprainta. Un das symbolas suivants apparaitra sur la darniira imaga da chaqua microficha, salon la cas: la symbols -» signifia "A SUIVRE ". la symbols ▼ signifia "FIN". Las cartaa. pianchas. tablaaux, ate. pauwant atre filmas a das taux da raduction diffarants. Lorsqus la documant ast trop grand pour atra raproduit an un saul clicha, il ast films a partir da I'angia supariaur gaucha. da gaucha a droiia. at da haut an baa. an pranant la nombra d'imagas nacassaira. Las diagrammas suivants illustrant la matfioda. MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART lANSI and ISO TEST CHART No 2) ^ xjPPUED IIVMGE In S— ^ '"6) iSa - 5989 - fa. ^z' PAMPHLET No. 28 DOMIMOX OF CANADA. EXPERIMENTAL FARMS. J. H. GRISDALE, B.Agr , D Sc.A., Director. W. H. FAIRFIELD, M.S., Superlntende/.t, Experimental Station, Lethbrid^i', Alta. THE ROD CULTIVATOR. H.v W. II. I\,nnni.. 1 1 Ki III I i.v I (mil i\(. 'iMi'i.K \v |] Id i.uii.i;. Tlic pkI <-iiltivat.ir vvfiHk l,iit in -.. >|.>in:; dnO:- imi pulv,-ri/,. ih.- MirlV,.-,- -.,i| ;,,i(l .•oi,-.'.'iu,Mif Iv rciiii.M- -oil .Iriffiiiy-. It will II,, t iviiIm.'i- tin ,lu.-Uto,,! .■mtivMt.M- hut lliciv ,,,■.• iiu.iiv till"- ujl.-ll it .-illl !..■ Il-rd <•, l»-ttcr :l(lv!llltil-(. (Ill ttir -iitiun.T fllll.iu-. It \r.l< il ,,|;|,-,. ..II <-v.iv (lr> hiiul liiini. ll:^ ii-,.|ulr..--. .■l„-ii, .,„.-■- ,,h.! -. im-i;i1 jtii.-I i.-ability . onini.'-ii.l l>r.v furiiiitit.' iviiiiirc. ditfcivi l ti.-l.l iMiiiiiit^.iiiciit ;tiHl -(,i| tr,.,itii;<>iil fmn, flmt rcMuiivil iti district- wli.ic tl..-iv is pl,.tt<.v ot' niiiifiill. (•,,iis<>,|ii,.|iflv it i< hut iiHtiinil tliiit til." t.viH. ..I' x)iiic i.f tlie iiii|.i..|ii.>iit- shciild :i-ofis why tlir ;;.MM.|nl luloplioi, ot tl„. t -uitrtMr iMi|.l.-iii.Mit- for dry taniiiiiK- pi x.-.v r.iktv pin.-.- -lowly. Kir-t. Iii.-k of oxpcriciicr on tlio imrt of tiir furiiirr- ,i- lo j what t-iol*. will iiocoiiiplish th.- oli.jiK-t ,l,-ir,.,l in tho nio-( advnii- tajxcon- ini or, ;>. tin- -.■,-ond rcji-on. wliidi it inu-t l.c :idiiiiii,Ml do(>s not apply' ii, all ca-i'-. i- lai-k I t' funds. .".It 149- 1 ¥U "HI r.ln IMJMIS,; IMKKKIW KIMM ..IM.INAKV KAKMIM.. Th,. so« .„„,. pr-t.., jr at lea.t ,.ne-thmi of the ..ultivat^ Mrea „n ..,..,. ,„„„ ,„^^.,,- u," jff ren v all .« ,.. that there. ,. n..t s,.th..,.-nt rainfall ,.,.h -.,,-,.„ to ,.r,„l„,.,. a ,-„,„ Rv nn- ' , ;* the t.,t;.l i.r..r„nU.t,on ,. n.-.-ived during Mav, .Inn... .r„lv and An»n,t) >..aks .nt« the hrn, subsoil and I, ther- retain^^d for n..e l,v ,1„. ,.ro,. trM.wr, ' — „. By hav.nK th.s n.ervoir of „a.is,nre to .npplen.ent the rain, ha, fa I 7 he .'row,n«^Kra,n. .ome erop at least i. pn.dn-.^ oven in the dri..t ....so, tia ha ever . ■...rr.^ M, the dry an^as of souther,, AlU-rt^ and S..*„t..h...u,. Witl.o, terpt- , h ; f ^ , "'■'^''*'' '■"" '"■ '""^ "'-^ I"'"">-'l>i"S the land before vegetation : i„ JTHe -on T'"""""" '""*';; '■"- '""' '"■ ""<-^"-'> ..f ...win, .i.;: tT; to cxhaiwt the .,o 1 of an appreeialde .,nan,ity of n.oi.tnre. whieh „,ean^ \Tav and W ;^""^f''";"'^""-- ^"^--t -rf-" -uUivation n.,.^ be piv..n fron, then on until tro.t t.me .n the a.uun.n to prevent all .^rowth of v^^.tation if the maximun, aJou tbi "nro"^^ " ,r '"''^- ' "''"'^- ^"^ "'t--^-'-' t.. note that in ordinarv sZn The Rod CuUiva,,.,- „„ ,.,„l.d o„ ,o ,1,. Skirls pr.p:u-a,o,,v to b.inr ,„ove,l 'ro,n Kield ,„ F„ Id 09501196 Soil lilllKTINC. For ,t ft-w y.Mrs uft.T tlw virgin s,.il i- Krokon. ttii< |.ni.ti,-,. ,„;,v 1„< f,,II,,w,^ witl, IK. ,i „a,^ks to n.t.'rf.-r... Hut i.s ^.on a. ho ru„t Hbro is w.,rkH out a.i.i the huinus .•..„l,.„t IS n,lu,-,H| v.m.nvh.t. th,- farm.T i> fa-.^l with the M)il drift injr problPn. a.i. UMturtu>u.f.i.v ihi. ;i apt to 1„. har.. of ^i„u- diiri.i- th- ;jrrator part of th.- winter. Thi- url „ .. .-O.I U, su.-h an ,.xt.mt that th,- .tron^.. ,ir.v vvinds of wint. r .ti.l -pri.nr -ause it to iiiuvp ahout l.ko parfi.-h« of dry snow. The prohle.n of the farnu-r. th.nfore i. to obtain an.) ,is.. >.npl.-na.nt.. for tliis surfa-,- .-ultivation that will pulv.-ri/e tho snrfa-o a> l.ttie as r«,,*„hK for if th,- wetnt ,-a., !«■ .k-r-rroyed and tae surfa.e of the soil left .n a jrrannlar or shghtly lunipy .-on.Jitiou rather than in a powderv ..-ondition, drift- ing; .-an be pr.-v.-nt.-,i. The -rod cultivator" will accoiTii)lish this to a lartre ext.-nt THE ROD CULTIVATOR. The pri.i.iple o„ whhu it works i„ to have a rod of tive-eiphth., inch, round t,>,>l .-t. el. pa.-.^ through the soil about three in.-h«= below the surfa.-e. This .-otnpletelv -uts ,.r rather riiLs off all weeds but in the o,K^rntion dor« not p„herize the <,.rf-..-e as wotild a dis,- or even a duekfoot cultivator. The obj.M-t of n.sinjr a rod in pla-^r of a wide, tlat piooe ot .steel to art like a knife is that any kind of blade eolleet? parthle, ot r.K)t^ and trash and does not clean perfeetly. while in the ease of th- rod the pr«. sure IS so preat on iti. under side that the trash, etc., is worn off. .\, an aettial fa.-t what thiP simple implement aeeomplishes is always a matter of surr-ri-e to one who sees it in ojieration for the hrst time. It i« not iTitended t.. be u.sed in a wet season when there is abundance of moisture Ml the eround. i e.. when the soil uug] ^ be terni.-d wet. Under such eonditio.is ■, broad-toothed cultivator is more de.sirable. for pulveri;-inK d.>es not take pla-e o a irreat extent wheti th.- .soil is in su,-li a condition. The time that it is particularlv .le.sirable to use this rod cultivator on summer-fallow is when the top soil i« drr for two or three or T.ossibly four inches down. An ordinary cultivator and partictilarlr a disc used under su.-h conditions would ,H)wder the surface to a danperous extent llie r.Kl cultivator, ou the other hand, will not do so. in fa.t has a ten.I.-n.-v to brine any small lumps present to the siirfa.-e. where th y have a h.-n.fficial effect *) far as preventing drifting is con.'erned. Cov srni 1 rio\. The rod .-ultivator is not put on th.- market by any impl.^ment manufa.-turer but any handy man on the fanu can build it by following the d.vscription ^iven here The frame (A) of the rod .-ultivator is made .>f two ->- hv ,^-inch pie.-es of lumber' 8 feet loii^'. bolted topeth.-r an.l holding the iron arms (B) that carrv the tive-ei«rhths" inch steel r.>d (C). This rod is S feet lonp. threaded at both ends and liel.i i„ plap^ by two .Alts at ea<-h end. The in.ii amis (B) ,-an be made from old wapo.i tirtx or from pHves of iron i by 2i ineli.>s. 19 inches lonp. with a half turn about the mi.l.lle iTi front .if the tranie are two skid. (D). 4 by 4 incht« and i>s i„,hes lonp, and tawre.! dt the ends. These hav.- 24-incl, ,-,.„tres and dr.ip 4 in.-has below tlu- frame. Hunnine at right aiiKles to the t.-anu-. and from th.- iiisi.le of the skids an- two pie.-es of 2- by 6-in-h plank. f.-.-t Ion-, that run ba.-k and a.-t lu-^ runners (Ei \ foot" from th - end of these runners i. a Mip,v.,t (F-'t. •.' by 4 iinbes ly H; i„,.l,.w long, from the niidiJIo of wliii-li ii |>ii'<'i' i' by rt iiii-hr^ liv -J-i iiifhp^ luiijr ill) ruii'* up t" !*ii|ip.>rr tlic scut lioiirit. A piii-c ■> li\ ti iiirliii- h.v 2s im-licx lonj; is tliPii Jwilted into tin- -kids oil tup ot till- niiinit-- I K >. From thr iiiict Imijr, niii> I', k, fortiiiiij' tlii- -cut lioiirJ (L). Holes i-an lie liorinl int.. tlii- -I'.it, li lurd -o a-> to iiti'T t}u' position of tlio -out us (M(;i-ion ilonuinds. Twr. liraoc jtrins (.1). ■"> feet lonir. run liack from the friinif. supjiortiiiu .inii strpiijftlipniiiyr tin niiiiiprs. A foot from ciK-li I'litl of the frame, ciM-kcyc liolts :\r,. plai-pd wliii-li carry a li-iiK'h iron < luiin, H feot loiifr. Iiicli hoard- can lie placed a.-ros- tlie top- of the nniiiev- to form a phitfonn if d(~ir<.«- (xtwcr i- avail- uhle. the rod cultivator may be coiistruettHl up to twelve or sixto«^ii fpet wiile. lakiiiR six- ..(id eiirhthov-e team- respeetivelv. It is easily moved from Held to ti.-M by raising- the runner- info the air until rln- imph'meiit n-t- on the skid-, a* sh.Aii it. illustrution (l'>. iiftouf