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BWfM^AI -^R: "ttmummmmiHtmxmr^ f^mmt^)*- ^^^>-: Famous Authors AND THE Best LiirRATURE of England and America CONTAINING THE LIVES OF ENGLISH AND AMERICAN AUTHORS IN StORY FORM. THEIR Portraits, Their Homes and Their Personal Traits. How They Worked and What They W';ote TOGETHER WITH CHOICE selections FROM THEIR WRITINGS EMBRACING THE GREAT POETS OF ENGLAND AND AMERICA. FAMOUS NOVELISTS. DISTINGUISHED ESSAYISTS AND HISTORIANS. OUR HUMORISTS. NOTED JOURNALISTS AND MAGAZINE CONTRIBUTORS St'teSM^N IN LITERATURE. NOTED WOMEN IN LITERATURE. POPULAR WRITERS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE, GREAT ORATORS AND PUBLIC LECTURERS COMPILED AND EDITED BY WFLLIAM WILFRED BIRDSALL. A. B.. Principal of Central School. Philadelphia RUFUS M. JONES, A. M., Professor of Philosophy, Haverford College, and others SUMPTUOUSLY ILLUSTRATED WITH ORIGINAL DRAWINGS By CHARLES DANA GiBSON. CORWIN K. LiNSON AND OTHERS Also Half-Tone Portraits. Photographs of Authors' Homes AND Many Other Illustrations in the Text Tj 1 i HE BRADLEY-UARHETSON CO., Ltd.. TORONTO, ONT. '% ' "17 Entered according .0 Act of Congress, in the year .897, by W. E. SCULL, .n the office of the Librarian of Congress, at Washington. Ail rishtt reurved. P; ^■i-TEK OR THK PICTURES IN THIS VOLUME. .9008S3 "^^^^in^ffiffitrMgtBi^^ ; VOLUMK I. Literature of England. PART I. The Beginnings of English Literature. 2. Famous Poets of England and Their Masterpieces, 3. The Great English Prose Writers. " 4. Writers of Religious Classics. 5. Famous English Novelists. " 6. Popular Writers of Fiction. 7. The Great Historians of England. 8. Noted English Women in Literature. 9. English Statesmen in Literature. 9 33 41 130 142 157 203 237 250 270 VOLUMK II. Literature of America. PART I. Great Poets of America. • • • 2. Five Popular Western Poets. • • • 3- Our Most Noted Novelists. • • • • « 4- Famous Women Novelists. 5- Representative Women Poets of America • • • 6. Distinguished Essayists and Literary Critics. r Great American Historians and Biographers. 8. Our National Humorists • • . 9- Popular Writers for Young People. . 287 • 349 • Z1^ . 400 . 422 438 485 504 527 ^m ms^ y, ^tip the s ^ut in t luman iorian h pe past love m listorian mage w |he varyi a liber md Ten: loble pel ftrive wit -ms of ; ieeciier \ ^ . 287 • 349 • 37^ . 400 . 422 • 438 . 485 • 504 ■ 527 INTRODUCTION. im^. by the work of .he,7ow" geni thev arf ^l^r""^'""' ^f richest people on whom the S as eve^r thone T erf,"'"' "'' But in the EnglisrLnSaTe have^^^^ '^1 ^^''^^ '^ ^''^'"'^'•y ^^ masterpieces, fuman character/ the^swfet^^^^^^^^^ b-t portr^ the forian has seen most deeolv inVn fl?. S' . Tf ,"°^'^ P"^"'" ' ^he EngHsh his- Ihe past; the En^ isi. pXLoSe h '" mn "I^ darkness which shroud theVs of nove men to actfonld Saws i^^.hT" .^ understood the forces which iistorian, traveler novelist and nhll^ " ^^ ^^^'' "''"^'^ ' ^"^^ ^^ these-poet, •uage whose range and clpasre^^^^^^^^ P°"'^^ ^""^ ''^^''- ^°"'^ •" ^ larv' The Lying thou|us!~nTn^^^^^^^^^^^^^ To kn " F "1\T^"^ ^" s a hberal education ; to love the ooems of M.W 1 ^°,^"°^ ^nghsh literature md Tennyson; to take fire .^ llf/k ^^ "^''toi' and Shakespeare, of Longfellow noble periods of Emerson to t ..•""'??; ''^''''' f ^^'^^^^ °'' ^^ '^^ "loved^ the itrive Ivith Gladstone to ;ite the oT .^ ^ '^'% ''?^V'"f "^ ^'^ °^ ^^ebster ; to lems of statesmanshlo or'l:%'^,irlTrFafra "^^^^^^^ °^ ^'^^ ^-^'^^^^'- P-^ ^eecher to higher planes of^piHtual li^^a^^S^J^f il^^^ ^ .StSftS II '!l 13 INTRODUCTION. fZTo7:t-,^1itT Thi "rl'" P^"^"^ °f "'"^ '^«'' '<> be of their company, fhal!'efpea^°a dH:, a:?to\e°eCw\! 7" '"'"l "" "''"" "^ ChauceJ^nd choas and took on regularitv and svstemaH^ f ^ "'l" """^""S^ '^'""'"^ it^^elf from a^T;£f„"|'SnSS^^^^ ~r and Br,ant"S Un^^r/r^ll^S'^fH^- Vjn^^;-^^^^^^^^^^ It is the purpose of this volume to present this lifemh.r^ r.f ,h^ . nations of the world as far as may be in its entirm To T ^ ^'^^\^'' whose works deserve a nbrp nf LZ.!. '^^ .^""'^ety. lo this end every author here represented bv a sketch nfh IT ' '^ '^^'^' '" ?""' American homes is statemenVof hs staL^^as awrLr^nH^ P""^'P^J ^^''ks, a The work has been dvkled fnm t^ ^ X'^'"'^ selections from his writings, attaches to our distincdvelv Amerirn^r ' .^"'^"f "" '^^ ^^^^'^^ '"^^^^^^ that means to surest S tiere is a^^^^ '' '' "«^ ^"^^"^^^ ^Y this and that of Englishmen ^ difference between the work of Americans how they lived! wharZt'r^V^ropTe^l^tttrU^^^^^^^^^^ ^ ''^ ^-^^'^ and if his estin,ate of the con^^arat ve vies of I'iht ^Jl^^^^^^^^^^ !f.t'^„T!!" °-: then tH,3 Pory of how the n,a™e:Zfi°o? fiL'a'irh^.::"^ n " . .-iv,.. •av.:,cj ves to rank as the uobiest form of history. ' will " ; more cc pngs wii oped, 1 ure. I ith mo 'f all tl lay not to be ^asonab erein i look is re is al e book e latter fore th im the d lable hir Here d writin rk, in tj nt, the ( fc enticin ^ y have iWimes, anc speare cou iramortal w ei-th," the feUow; wit] inferest imj ' An In< ofJllustratic tion is most t^t it may *M truest h£ ■;?: their company, ''ery reader ol seen written in Chaucer and ued itself from id gems from y see with the the pathos ot nerican litera- Longfellow's rte and Whit- w noble is the lundred years 2 centuries of l^uish between of praise due i, compare so to be remem- Shakespeare lerican, v/hile r kin beyond two greatest every author can homes is 3al works, a his writings, interest that ided by this f Americans the lives of ur literature forefathers of our race. the history of men and lay be seen ley grew to s, what the liled. This Ife declared of Quebec, ary renown i have been I I INTRODUCTION. th<: book by love of ?he fn '\'''^""^ ^"^ ennoWe T/Te r t ^^^^^'-^'n^. but the. latter. And further ^rT' ^f ^'"^^'^'^ thanks will be L'^^'^'-^ ^^^ '^ '^^^ before the read;r a visiAn r^^;?^.^'" ^^ ^he " open sesame '• P,'°V^1"^ ^^'"^ ^'"^h the enticing re;::i;foV:S:h'a |°°', '"^^'•^t"-' -^ the SreV^^ ^^ ^T^- *^y have liberally illustrated flS^ '' ^^'^ afforded. To furrhJ . ' '^'^P^^''^ •mes. and of the scenes In ^^T'V^^ ^'^^^ Po^taits of audior^ /^'" P"''P°«^ ifcare rnnrf^ri A scenes m which thev liveH ti °^-^' P'^tu res of their ^are courted Ann Hathawav fh^ n^i i • ^"^ cottage where Will c, , '^ llmorta works of Wolf ,. ^' tne noble rums whose fnJ^ wnerc vViJJ Shake- It it may not onTv h ; "^ 1^°^ i^ now offered to^h/lr "''""''"' ««"- Contents of Volume I. PART I. THE BEGINNINGS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. SIR JOHN MANDEVILLE. Beginnings of the English Language, Saxon and Norman S^peech, 'I'he First English liook Old English Poetry Stories of Travel, From Mandaville's ' Prologue,' . . 'The Chinese,' GEOFFREY CHAUCER. The Real Father of English Literature, His Service to Posterity, A Definite Spelling Chaucer Attached to the Court, . . . Incidents of His Life, The 'Canterbury Tales,' 'The Prologue,' WILLIAM CAXTON. Brings Printing into England, . . . ' The Game and Playe of Chesse,' . . Work as a Translator 'The Two Masters of Arts,' . . . . JOHN WYCLIF. The First Translator Bible, of the Whole 33 33 34 34 34 35 36 34 34 34 34 34 35 36 37 37 37 40 37 P4GI His Great Influence, 3? Publishes His Bible 37 'Matthew, Chapter V,' 38' WILLIAM TYNDALE. An Oxford Graduate, 37 1 Defies 'The Pope and All His Laws,' 381 A Voluntary Exile, 38 Publishes the New Testament 38 Is Burned at the Stake, 38 His Dying Prayer, 38 ' Parable of the Good Samaritan,' , . 39 'Matthew, Chapter Vni,' 39 MILES COVERDALE. Bishop of Exeter, First Printed Edition of Entire Bible, . THOMAS CRANMER. Writes a Preface to Coverdale's Bible, It is Authorized by the Church, . . . 38 38 3'^ 38: KING JAMES 1, Assembles a Council of Scholars, . . 3^ The ' Authorized Version,' ^t Its Hold on the People, jj The ' Revised Version,' 3} PART II. FAMOUS ENGLISH POETS AND THEIR MASTERPIECES. EDMUND SPENSER. The Successor of Chaucer, 41 Birth and Education, 41 The First Poem, Finds Favor at Court, 4; Life in Ireland i TABLE OF CONTENTS. URE. MCI 37 37] ...... 38I 37 II His Laws,' 38 j 38: lent 38; 38I 38' Tiaritan/ . . 39 '..... 39 38' entire Bible, . 38 rdale's Bible, 3J hurch, ... xi cholars. L>Vw«lZO« Marriage and Closing Years, . His Principal Works » ■ • • . 41 'At the AJtar,' . . '. 4i ' Una and the Lion,'' ..".'''■' ■*' 4a [WILLIAM SHAKESPLARE. Littl" Known of His Life Hi« ' -;iii..ii T ........ . , ' H>•... ' The Rose,' . ; The Earnest St'udent,' IhereisaLandofPurebeiiVht'' " Looking Upward,' ^ '' ' ' 'My Dear Redeemer,' .V?hS'/J^ That Love th;i:ord.: ." [ 'SmilxH?^''''°"^^°-^--.' 'Come Holy Spirit,' From all that Dwell,' .".","'■'■ THOMAS GRAY. Fame Rests on the ' Eleirv ' Story of Walpole, ' Declines the Laureateship," ." Personal Traits tlegy Written in a Count yard,' y Church- 72 72 72 7' 72 72 73 73 73 74 74 74 74 75 75 75 76 76 76 76 76 Public Services, 'Eve's Account of her Creation,' OLIVER GOLDSMITH. A Shiftless Little Irishman 76 79 79 rr. TABLE OF CONTENTS. * Jl His Spendthrift, Habits and Life Abroad »„ Returns to London and Uegins his Lit- erary Career, ■,„ Dr. Johnso' and the ' Vicar of "VVake- 'i^''«/ • . . . : 80 Thesto/ HU '^erWork*, , . . 80 from.'n of/ ... .80 FWW * 1\._Jese. -a Village," 81 •'lib Village Preac-.r/ 81 'A c'ity Night-piece," Hj H^ Jvife Not a Model, 8 j HiK t>'< .iH,i//7 Father a^i Rhyminj< ar.i| Making I,ove, .... n. Visit to Kdnibu.'^^h 8^ Farmer, ICxciseman, and I'oet, ... 84 •Tiie Deil Cam" Fiddlin" Through the 'lown,' _ S4 'My Heart's in the Highlands," . . . 8? ' The J{anks o" Doon," 85 'Man Was Made to Mourn," .... 86 'Tarn O'Shanter,' 87 ' Bruce To His Men," 88 'The Cotter's Saturday Night,' ... 88 WILLIAM COWPER. Painful Childhood, ^q Insanity, " ^q Kind Friends, qq ' John Gilpin ' and the ' Task,' '. '. [ 90 Closing Years, ^^ 'On Slavery,' ] oq ' Imaginary Verses of A. Selkirk,"' .' ." 91 'Light Shining in Darkness,' .... 91 PERCY BYSSHE SHELLEY. The Sensitive Child, ....... 92 Abuse at School, 02 Atheistic Views, 02 Abandons His Wife 92 Life and Death Abroad, 92 His PoeUx , Q2 'The Sensitive Plant,' ..'.'.'*" L 'Ode to a Skylark,' .... L 'The Cloud,' .' g^ GEORGE GORDON BYRON. Controversy Over His Writings, ... 94 The Sensitive Boy, g. The Worthless Father and Indulgent Mother Early Life and I'ldutation, . ! ! ] ] •English Bards and Scotch Reviewers," Marriage and Aft.T-life Takes Part in the Greek Rebellion and Dies His I'oems •TheEve.ritattle," . . . . '. 'The Land of the East," . . . ' 'The Isle' jf Greece," ....... ' Destruction of Sennacherib! ' . '. '. ' Apostrophe to the Ocean,' . . SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE. His Strange Chara< terand Appearance, Reads the Bible when Three Years Old, Leaves Cambridge and ICnlists in the Dragoons Plans the Pantisocracy, ..... Writes the 'Ancient Mariner,' '. [ Succumbs to the Use of Opium, A Delightful Talker .' ] ' 'The Rime of the Ancient Mariner," 'The Phantom Ship," ' Adieu of the Ancient Mariner. ' '. 'A Calm on the Equator," , . , . . THOMAS HOOD. Apprenticed to an Engn.ver Assistant Editor of the Zom/on Afaga- zine 'Odes and Addresses," ....... The ' Comic Annual," ....'..'. Financial Embarrassment, Life in Germany, Returns to London, »*f,K THOMAS MOORE. Educated at Dublin, Popularity in London, ...... ' Irish Songs and Melodies,' . . , Destruction of Byron's Autobiography", 'Come Ye Disconsolate," ' This World is a!' < F'.-eHr.; ShoW)' ", ' Paradise and the Per . .... 'Forget Not th'; Fk'l I. ' . . . . . 'The Last Rose of oiunmer,' . . . . 'Those Evening Bells,' 'An Ideal Honeymoon,' 'M jpviLLIA 'J4 '," His 94 His '>! (i '"■■*'■'■ 95 .wL ^^(^0 95 ■*mt ''rinc 95 ^P 'Our 95 ^B ' '''" '■ 96 ^w 'Ode 97 Wk ' I^PC 97 H Hlfrfd |K 'I'hi. {, 98 ■■1 Educa 98 ^^S IMslik !« 'I'lii- P 98 ''IB His G 98 .H ' Tho 98, fm ' Prelu 98 llP ' Ring 100 ^B ' I'he ] 100; ^m ' Sweet 100 ' Wm ' 'he I 102 M ' The I 104 mm 10? 105 105 105 105 'The Song of the Shirt,' ... 10 'The Bridge of Sighs,' .* ! loj 109 1 01) 109 1 05 .: IK,- 1 ; IIC III ^ III ' III ^AMUEL J( The Del Personal Labor o) Union ( r rejuc Letter 1 The Di rOMAS C Son of a His Mot! Goes to ( Marries J Life at Ci Contribut Removes 2 PAi.i il Itidulgciit 'Jt . .... <)\ Re vie were,' (ji ." 11'. ■ ■ • '^t el)fllion and 95 95 95 • • • • • 95 9'' .•'.' • • • • 9; 9; I)(;k. \|)I)earance, (j,s TAHI.K OF CONTENTS. Years Old, lists ill the 9,S 9S •.• • • 9** ?r, ... ,;,s iiim, . . . 98 T T Mariner,' . 1 ^ 100 ner.' . . . lo: 104 105 1 ion Afai^a- "51 105 105 105 105 105 '05 10; 109 • • . . 109 109 Jiography, 109 . . . . . 109 ' ShoW) ' . 1 ic • . . 1 , ' • . . . lie .... II! .... Ill . . . . Ill VVIM.fAM WORDSWORTH. His Mis-sion as u I'oet, Mis Hostile kc(;c|)tion, ..*!.* I'arcntaKc and Means of Liveliiu.wl* Ihe lake I'oets, Heroines the Laureate, . '. . . I'rincipal Works, ... ' Our imnioi dity,' 'To a Skylark,' . . , . . 'Ode to Duty,' ....*.'"' ' ' L/jx)n His Wife.' IRF'.n TENNYSON. Ihe First of Modern Poets, Hdiication, ' _' I >islike of Publicity, . .* 11)1 Pension, ....!.* His Gif-at Poems, . . ! . . 'Tiij riongof the Hrook,' ' Prelude to In Menioriani ' ' King Out, Wild Bells,' 'TheLadyof Shallott,' 'Sweet and Low,' 'The Here and the Hereafter,'' 'The Passinifof Arthur.' I'assingof Arthur,' 113 113 113 I 13 113 ".1 I'i 114 I 115 ! "S I 116 116 116 "7 "7 118 119 119 130 131 131 132 I ' Hreak, Hreak, Hreak,' 'PugleSong,' . . '(Jardcn .Song,' •Ten" Idle Tears,' . ROHKRr IIROWNING. His Poetry Little Understoofl. , In< identsof His Life, Residence Ahroad, ('haracter of His Pot-iiis, . His Principal Works, 'The Ride lr(»m Ghent toAix ' ' Kvclyn Hope, ' ' 'The Hook," . ALFRED AUSTIN. Sur,,nse at His Ik'ing Made laureate, The Quality of His Verse His Work as a Journalist, '. ' ' ' Novels and Essays, ..,."'■' ' The Garden that I Love," " ' ' " Ine Golden Y'-ar, . 'A Night in Juue,' . ,' '. »7 134 134 '25 i»5 "5 126 127 I2« 138 128 128 128 128 128 129 PART III. THE GREAT ENGLISH PROSE WRITER^ uMUEL JOHNSON. '^'''' The Details of His Life Known, . . . 1,0 Personal Traits, .... • 'Jo Labor on the ' Dictionary ' ! '. ' ' ' \l° Powers with Low Union of Great Prejudices, 'Letter to the Earl' of Chesterfield,' 1 he Duty of Forgiveness ' . 130 131 131 fOMAS CARLYLE. Son of a Scotch Mason His Mother, ... '^3 Goes to College, ' ' ^^^ Marries Jane Welsh, . . ^^^ Life at Craigenputtoch, .* IV* Contributes _to the Edinburlrh 'n'evi' ' 'Cromwell,' 'Frederick,' French Revolution,' ' England After Cromw U ' * ' Carlyle on His Dyspei ia ' ' 'Honest Study,' ; Clothes and Thei^ Sign flcance, Ihe Everlasting Yea,' ' Oratory and Literature, and ' The 2>i ophy, R, ciiiovcs to London, lew. 'ii JOHN RUSKIN. Beauty of His Language, , Art, Architecture, and Phi Outline of His Life, . His Principal Works, Later Years, ' Books and Their Uses,' '. 'Home Virtues,' .'^'^??f'''^ '" '^^^"''^ "^'"'•al Nature Truthfulness in Art,' PAOB '34 134 '35 '35 136 136 '37 138 '38 '38 '38 '39 140 141 141 IS TABLE OF CONTENTS. l! i! I PART IV. WRITERS OF RELIGIOUS CLASSICS. FREDERICK WILLIAM FARRAR. Influence of His Writings, . . The Story of His Life .' ." ', Writes Works of Fiction, ..,..' H^s Contributions to Learning, and His Great Books, j^ His Preaching, .... j . 'The Hill of Nazareth,' ...''. .' ." 143 ' The Greatness of St. Paul,' .... 144 142 142 I/J2 2 42 44 CHARLES HADDON SPURGEON. His Life-work, J41- The Great Congregation, . . ... 14c Labors as an Author, . 14^ Organized Philanthropy, ...... 145 Story of His Life, 145 His Preaching, .' ." 146 'The First Christmas Carol,' .... 146 DR. JOHN WATSON (Ian Maclaren). He Entere Literature in Middle Life, . Vacations in Scotch Farm-houses, . . Studies in Edinburgh and Wurtemberg, Accepts a Call to a Secluded Parish, . A Born Story-teller, ... Removes to Glasgow and to Liverpool, Writes ' Beside the Bonnie Brier Bush,' His Visit to America, 'In Marget's Garden,' . . ." '. .' \ HENRY DRUMMOND. The Conflict of Science and Religion, i; ' The Greatest Thing in the World," . iV Lecture Tours and Scientific Journeys, 1-, Growth of His Popularity, i'-- ' Conformity to Type,' . . . . [ ' j^ ' Footpaths in the African Forest. ' ! .' T' 'I' 14!' 14!: 0: PART V. FAMOUS ENGLISH NOVELISTS. DANIEL DEFOE. The Founder of the English Novel, . Deceives the Public by His Stories! . ' The Shortest Way with Dissenters,' . He is Sentenced to the Pillory, His Books Written in Prison, . . . . He Enters the Government Employ, Author of Over Two Hundred Books and Pamphlets, Incidents of His Life, ... ..'.'. ' Robinson Crusoe Discovers the Foot- prints,' SIR WALTER SCOTT. A Born Story-teller, Lameness, Becomes Sheriff of Selkirkshire", '. '. Married Life, Abandons His Profession of Law, '. His Poems, His Novels, . . . Later Life and Death, . . ..'.*.' ' Parting of Marmion and Douglas,' ' Melrose Abbey,' 'Soldier Rest,' 'Boat Song,' . . . 157 157 157 157 157 157 158 158 159 PAd 'The Fisherman's Funeral,' VdT ' The Necessity and Dignity of Labor]' i6- * Sir Walter Raleigh Spreads His Cloak ' for Queen Elizabeth,' igj 'The Storming of Front-de-Boeu"f 's Castle,' . 160 160 160 160 160 160 161 162 162 163 164 164 CHARLES DICKENS. He Has Awakened Pity in Sixty Mil- lion Hearts, His Shiftless Father, Work in a Blacking Factory, . . . . Goes to School and Studies Shorthand] 'Sketches by Boz,' The Story of His Novels, ...... His Readings and American Journeys, The Children of His Genius, . 'Bardell-rj«c Pickwick,' ...,'. 'Through the Storm,' 'The Death of Little Nell,' . . ." .[ ' Sam Weller's Valentine ' . 17c 17: 17; 17 1/ 17 17 '7J I?' 17' 18' WILLIAM MAKEPEACE THACKERAY. His Standing as a Writer j\ Personal History, " ' j-. His Rooks and Lectures, ..." i, TABLE OF CONTENTS. PAr,i r Maclaren). Middle Life, . 14, m-houses, . . i^v id Wurtemberg, qv luded Parish, . 14V 14- i to Liverpool, 14. ie Brier Bush,' 14, 14 14 and Religion, the World," . tific Journeys, y, n Forest.' . . 15; J ;: 15; 15: :): 1 ' ''r h 16 ity of Labor,' 16 ads His Cloak 16' mt-de-Boeuf 's 188 190 192 Contributions to y/z^r/i, . . ^^°« A Social Critic, .... ' " • ■ i»7 'TheFotheringayOfftheStaKe '' " ' ' ^ * Miss Rebecca Sliarp,' . . . .\ _" ' Thomas Newcome Answers ' ' ' " 'Old Fables with a New Purpose,^ " " ^ 'Loyalty to Truth,' ...;..." j "^ '.DWARD BULWER-LYTTON. The Delicate Child, . Lariy Education by His Mother, .' " * Hf, College Life, • • 190 Unhajjpy Marriage, ....,''' ^^^ He is Raised to the Peerage His Works Coni,,rise Some 'Fifty Vol ' ^9 PAGE 196 umes. In the Arena,' ^^6 196 ANTHONY TROLLOPE. A Painter of Actual Men and Manners 200 Success as Officer in Postal Service, ! To° A Keen Sportsman, . . • 200 His Books of Travel ^°° His Novels, ...'."■ :°° ' A Lesson in Philosophy 'The Reverend Mr. Slope,' .* .' .' .' 200 200 201 PART VI. . POPULAR WRITERS OF FICTION I'lLLIAM Wn.KIE COLLINS. p.op ^"- "UlN. i An Old-fashioned Opinion Friendship with Charles Di'cl'ens * He Tries to be a Social Reformer Intricacy of His Plots, His Widespread Popularity, \ 'The Count and Countess To^co' 'Ozias Midwinter,' 203 203 203 203 203 204 205 Dr Jekyll and Mr. Hyde The Love of the Natives, ' 'Hie Two Philosophers,' 'fruth of Intercourse,' ' The House Beautiful,'' 'Requiem,' .... PACE 212 213 213' 216 217 WIIJJAM BLACK. His Early Love of Nature, Editor and Correspondent' Might Be a Scotch Pilot, ' ' ' ' " Descriptions of Scenerv' ^°!' Principal Novels, ...'". ^°^ 'A Ride Over Scottish Moors '" 'A Secret of the Sea,' . . . '. * ' 206 206 206 206 206 207 217 217 217 GEORGE MacDONALD. I'oet, Novelist, Preacher, lie'i'^™" '"-^^^''i^''" ^"^ i^ondon 210 210 210 210 o'"es an Independent Minister lis Lecture Tour in America, . ' Kesidence in Italy, ' " ' His Principal Works ^'° 'In the Bell Tower, 210 210 BERT LOUIS STEVENSON. His Lovable Character 212 212 212 212 SIR WALTER BESANT. Novelist and Reformer, A Teacher in Mauritius, *^' ff/"f s'"P with James'Rice! H c7°n ' ^"'^ Conditions of Men,' His Skill as a Writer, He is made a Baronet ^^^ 'Presented by the Sea/' .' .' " " .' " ^J^ JAMES M. BARRIE. Popularity of Scotch Dialect Sketches His Pather as < Dr. McQueen,' ' Educated at Edinburgh Success of ' Auld Licht'ldVlls '" His Other Books and Plays ' " 'Preparing to Receive Company,'' GEORGE DU MAURIER. French and English Parentage, He V^\ ^'l!^" ^" ^'^'"^y ^^hemistVy He Forsakes Science for Art His Pictures in Fiuuh, ' I'^'^Pbetson • and 'Trilbv,' Their Wonderful Popularity,' . His Death in 1896, ... His Posthumous Story ' The Mart 221 221 221 221 221 221 tian,' 224 224 224 224 225 225 225 225 20 TABLE OF CONTENTS. I II RUDYARD KIPLING. A Freebooter in Literature, . . . . Tvveiity-six Volumes in Twelve Years, Life in India, America, and England, Studies the Life of Gloucester Fisher- men, His Most Popular Books, ' How Wee Willie Winkie Won His Spurs,' 'Jubilee Hymn,' A. CONAN DOYLE. He Prefers His Historical Romances, . His Fame, However, Rests on Detec- tive Stories, PAliU 225 225 225 225 227 226 226 His Wonderful Creation of Sherlock " Holmes, ^.g The Story of His Life, 2~^(: •The Science of Deduction,' . . . '. 23,. THOMAS HENRY HALL CAINE. The Novelist of the Isle of Man, . Genius, a Capacity for Taking Pains, '. He Studies Architecture, Foresakes this Profession to* Write Novels, His Journey to America, ... Home on the Isle of Man, . 'The Good Bishop,' ''23^ PART VII. THE GREAT HISTORIANS OF ENGLAND EDWARD GIBBON. PACB Converted to Catholicism and Again Becomes a Protestant, 237 His Love Affair, 237 He Travels and Conceives the Idea of His History 337 Style of His Writings, .* 237 A Member of Parliament, 237 ' Conception and Completion of His History,' 238 ' Charlemagne,' 238 'Mahomet,' * * ' 239 Public Services, History of England, ....'. ' Fallacious Distrust of Liberty,' 'John Hampden,' 'The Puritans,' ......* ' Banyan's Pilgrim's Progress,' THOMAS BABINGTON MACAULAY. Biography by Trevelyan, 241 Early Precocity, 241 Contributions to Edinburgh Review, '. 241 PART VIII. NOTED ENGLISH FELICIA DOROTHEA HEMANS. 'The Most Feminine Writer of Her Age,' Her Poems in School-books, .... Unhappy Marriage, , Residence in Wales, 'Too Many Flowers and Too Little Fruit,' Her Visits to Scott and Wordsworth," '. 'The Hour of Prayer,' WOMEN IN LITERATURE. •The Landing of the Pilgrim Fathers,' ' The Treasures of the Deen ' . 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 251 226 226 227 21 22- JAMES ANTHONY FROUDE. A Typical Modern Historian, . . Becomes a Deacon, but Ceases to be Orthodox, Loses His Fellowship and Teacher's Appointment, Writes His History, . ." .' . \ ,\ Criticisms of His Work, ,..'". ' Execution of Mary, Queen of Scots,' PAOF 24- 24; 244 244 245 24; 24; 24J 24; 24- 24^ PAC! ELIZABETH BARRETT BROWNING. Birth and Early Life, ..... jc- Education of a Boy, ... ,\.' oi' Description by Miss Mitford, .' " ' " 2c' 111 Health, ..'."..■ Marriage, Her Principal Works, ....... Tribute to Her Genius by Her Hus- band, 'The Cry of the Human,' '. . .' 25: i !1C 01 oiccp. TABLE OF CONTENTS. on of Sherlock ction,' . CAINE. J of Man, . . faking Pains, . "> • ion to Write I, an, PAOB 226 Paop 241 .; 24: liberty,' ... 24; 24^ ...... 24^ )gress,' . . . 245 DE. )rian, . . . 24; Ceases to be .-4/ nd Teacher's 24; 24; 24;^ een of Scots,' 248^ lOWNING. )rd. )y Her Hus PAGIE 25- 25! 25-' 25'! 2?;- 227 22? 227 22; 234 EORGE ELIOT. Her Position as a Noveh'st, .... Birth and Early Life * ' " Her Great Novels, Marriage and Closing Years, . . . 'Florence in 1794/ 'A Passage at .Arms,' ....... • The Poyser Family go to Church,'* R5. MARGARET OLIPHANT. The Most Versatile Woman in English Letters, Her First Novel, .....,[' Success in Many Departments, ' BlackwooiVs Magazine, ....'" Her Principal Works, ...... Death in 1897, *An English Rector and Rectory,' ' 'Edward Irving,' \ ' ' PAGh 256 256 261 261 261 261 261 261 261 263 MRS. HUMPHRY WARD. The Most Distinguished Living Wri ofEnglisli Novels, Her Birthplace in Tasmania,' Her Father's Career, . " " Mrs. Ward's Early Work,' *. '.' " ' The Success of ' Robert Elsniere " 'Oxford,' ter JEAN INGELOW. Her Place in Public Estimation, A Large Family, Poems on Window Sliut'ters '' Her First Volume, ..,'.' Her Novels, .....'"" 'Seven Times One,' .' . , , ' Seven Times Two,' •Seven Times Three,' .','*'' 'Seven Times Five,' . 21 PACS 264 264 264 264 264 264 267 267 267 267 267 268 268 268 269 PART IX. ENGLISH STATESMEN IN LITERATURE. riLLIAM PITT. The Friend of America, .... Education and Election to Parliame'nt' His Independence Prevents Rapid Ad- vancement, His Continued Ill-health, . . . \ ' Speech Against the Boston Port Bill His Last Appearance in the House of i^ords, His Eloquence, and His Disinterested Character, 'Repeal Claimed by' Am'eri'cans 'as' a Right,' SNJAMIN DISRAELI. The Statesman and Novelist, His Early Successes, . . '''*'» Political Writings, . . .' \ll He Enters Parliament, . ' The Time Will Come When You Will Hear Me, ' He Becomes Prime Minister,' His Literary Power, •Mr. Phoebus's Views o'f Art* and 'Edu- cation,' .... 270 270 270 270 270 270 270 271 272 His Oratory, Friendship with Cobdeii, *. Attitude toward Home Rule,' •Speech on the Corn-laws,' '. ' Incendiarism in Ireland,' 272 272 272 272 272 273 mN BRIGHT. American Interest in Him Birth and Quaker Training, 274 274 274 WILLIAM EWART GLADSTONE. His Place as Statesman and Scholar Distinction at Oxford, .... His Share in the Government His Principal Books, . Oratory, and Skill as a Financi'er,' ' ' Retirement, '"^and'^^*'°"^ fcr the Church of 'fingl 'Some After-thoughts,'' . . ' ' 'An Estimate of Macaulay,' !.'.'* JUSTIN McCarthy. A Native of Cork, Reporter in Cork, Liverpool', and' Lon- pagb 274 274 274 275 276 277 277 277 278 278 278 278 279 280 don. Editor of London Morning Sh Years in America, 'ar. Return, and Election to Parliament," ffis Novels Essays, and His'toHes, The Withdrawal from Cabul,' 282 282 282 282 282 282 282 282 28J Contents of Volume II. PART 1, THE GREAT POETS OF AMERICA. WILLIAM CULLEN BRYANT. '^^ An Author at Fourteen, . „o. The Influence of His Father, ." ' " ' Itl £n^ t"'"'"°"" ''°""^' • • • • '^8 I'ersonal Appearance, . „o A Long and Useful Life, [ 12 'Thanatopsis,' ^^9 'Waiting by the Gate,'' ." 1?° 'Blessed are They That Mourn/" " ' 2^° 'Antiquity of Freedom,' ' .11 'To a Water-fowl,' ^2 'Robert of Lincoln,' ^^2 'Drought,' ^^^ 'The Past,' ..■;.■ ■''93 ' The Murdered Traveler ' ^^'^ 'The Battle-field.' ' '94 EDGAR ALLEN POE. P,°"!P7'°" u'"' "'^"'' American Poets, 296 Place of Birth and Ancestry, ^ Career as a Student, ......""' 296 297 The Sadness of His Life and Its Influ- ence upon His Literature Conflicting Statements of Biographers! Great as a Story-writer and as a Poet His Literary Labors and Productions! ' Lenore,' . ' 'The Bells,' ...'.[] 'I'he Raven,' HENRY W. LONGFELLOW. His Place in Literature Comparison with American "and Eng! Iish Poets, ... *= ^Honfe"''^''""'' •^°"*^g^-'"^'tes, and ' 297 298 298 299 300 2a The Wayside Inn (A'view of)' His Domestic Life. His Poems, . ' Uuyckink, , . ' ProseVVorksand Translations, : ' ' * i-onyieilow's Genius. ' ' . ' 305 305 306 306 308 30S 308 308 , CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. ii^Tf^Y % ■A PACE *■«* nd Its Influ- -' • . . . 297 Biographers, 298 as a Poet, , 298 oductions, . 299 300 300 302 • ''• • 305 and Eng- • ■ • • • 30s ates, and 306 '^1 • • . 306 °'"s. ... 308 et Fuller, 30S s, . . . . 308 •...■. 308 The Village Blac' nith,' . . Tlie bridge,' Resignation,' God's Acre,' Excelsior,' The Rainy Day,' The Wreck of the Hesperus,' The Old Clock on the Stairs,' The Skeleton in Armor,' lALPH WALDO EMERSON. The Difficulty of Classifying Emerson, The Li'uerator of American Letters A Master of Language Emerson and Franklin, ...'.' Birth, Education, Early I,ife, . . . , Home at Concord, lirook-farm Enter- prise, Influence on Other Writers, . '. Modern Communism and the NewThe- ology, .* Hymn Sung at the Completion of the Concord Monument (i8?6) ' 'TheRhodora,' . . . ... ] [ ' ' A True Hero, ' ....... ' Mountain and Squirrel,' . . , . .[ 'The Snow-storm,' 'The Problem,' ...'.* .' ' " ] " 'Traveling,' )HN GREENLEAF WHITTIER. Whittier's Humble Birth, Ancestry, Ed- ucation, Poetof the Abolitionists, . . . . . ' His Poems and His Prose, Our Most Distinctively American Poet", New England's History Embalmed in' Verse, 'My Playmate,' ...."."."."' 'The Ciiangeling,' ...."."."" 'The Workshop of Nature.'" PACK 309 310 310 3" 312 312 313 314 3i> 316 317 317 317 318 319 319 320 320 320 321 321 321 322 323 324 324 325 325 326 326 328 23 PAGB 'The Barefoot Boy,' ,,0 'Maud Muller,' .....* .'.'"' „ 'Memories,' ^ 'The Prisoner for Debt,' . .' . . " " ^^° ' The Storm ' (From ' Snow Bound '") * 2x2 ' Ichabod.' . >" • JJ" 33 OLIVER WENDELL HOLMES. Admired by the English-speaking World ? ^d ' His Education and Popularity, i.l Early Poems ' " " '^'^^ Autocrat and Professor at the BreaklVst Table, Holmes' Genial and Lovable Natiire " 12c 'Bill and Joe,' '335 ' Union and Liberty,' HI 'Old Ironsides,' . ^H •My Aunt,' ....'..[''' '^^ 'The Height of the Ridiculous,"' ". 'The Chambered Nautilus,' 'Old Age and the Professor' (Prose) " ' My Last Walk with the School-inis- tress, ' 334 335 338 338 339 339 340 JAMES RUSSELL LOWELF.. Profoundest of American Poets Early Life and Beginning in Literature", Marriage, and the Influence of His Wife Home at Cambridge (View of ), . ' Longfellow's Poem on Mrs. Lowell's Death, Humorous Poems and Prose Writings Public Career of the Author, How Lowell is Regarded by Scholars, " 'The Gothic Genius, ' . ,^r 'The Rose,' ^^^ ♦The Heritage,' l'^^. 'Act for Truth,' . ^j^ 'The First Snow-fall.' l,! 'Fourth-of- July Ode,' . . ' ' ' .Vr "^^«i^-jeiion,' : : : ; 3^^^ 341 341 342 342 343 343 344 344 PART II. FIVE POPULAR WESTERN POETS [AMES WHITCOMB RILEY. Great Popularity with the Masses, ^40 A Poet of the Country People, . " .To Birth and Education, . . Itl First Occupation, .Ho .-ui!j^.,.n,!aiva by i^ungrciiow, . ^cq Mr. Riley's Methods of Work, . " " 350 The Poet's Home, . Constantly ' on the Wing "' 'A Bov's Mothpr ' Boy's Mother,' 'Thoughts on thp JaH^ \y^^ 'Our Hired Girl,' ." . '. ' 'The Raggedy Man,' . .' PAGK 351 351 351 351 352 352 m 24 CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. BRET HARTE. The Poet of the Mining Camp, Birth and Education, Emigrated to California', . . . , School-teacher and Miner, Position on a Frontier Paper, [ Editorial Position on the ' GoldenEra Secretary of the U. S. Mint at San Francisco, In Chicago and Boston, .... EUGENE FIELD. The 'Poet of Child Life,' Peacemaker Among the Small Ones,' A Feast with His Little Priends, Congenial Association with His Fellow Workers, Birth and Early Life, '. [ His Works, . 'Our Two Opinions,' • •T»'"aby,' ; '-' '^Jtch Lullaby,' .' ,' 'A Norse Lullaby,' ...'." .' ." ' ' PAGE 353 353 353 353 353 353 354 354 357 357 357 358 358 358 359 359 359 360 PACK 361 3'" WILL CARLETON. His Poems Favorites for Recitation, Birth and Early Life, . Teacher, Farmhand, and College Grad uatc, . , , Journalist and Lecturer "^f ' A List of His Works, '. ^ " 'Betsy and I are Out,' ,'" ' Gone with a Handsomer Man,"' ' ' " ^(.l CINCINNATUS HINER MILLER. Experience in Mining and Filibuster- Marries and Becomes E'ditor" and "Law- yer, Visit to London to Seek a Publisher, " Comparison Between Miller and Bret Harte, 'Thoughts on My Western Home ' * 'Mount Sh^cfn ' ' 366 366 3(>1 367 368 36S Mount Shasta, 'Kit Carson's Ride . 'Alaska Letter,' . ^^^ ' 370 PART III. OUR MOST NOTED NOVELISTS JAMES FENIMORE COOPER. ^'o 1 o. PAGE Birth and Childhood, , Sailor Life, .... ^^i Marriage and Home, " '. H^ 'The Spy,' . . 372 Plaudits from Both Sides of the Atlaniic', III Removal to New York, ^l 'Encounter with the Panther",'' ' ' ' Hi Ihe Capture of the Whale,' . . [ ' -,, NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE. Birth, Ancestors, and Childhood, Twelve Years of Solitary Existence, His First Book, A Staunch Democrat, Marriage and the ' Old "Manse, ' ' " ' I he Masterpiece in American Fiction,' Death and Funeral, . . , ' ' Emerson and the Emersonians ' ' " ' ' Pearl, ' ' EDWARD EVERETT HALE. Among the Best-known American Au- thors 379 379 380 381 381 3S1 382 383 383 385 A Noted Lecturer, Birth and Education,' ! .' Career as a Clergyman, Newspaper and Magazine Work ' ' ' An Historical Writer of Great Promi- nence, Patriotic Interest in Public Affai 'Lost, . , urs, WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS. Birth and Early Life His First Volume of Verse Consul to Venice . >• ■ • Mr. Howells' Wo'rks, Editor of the 'Atlantic Monthl'y '' Impressions on Visiting Pompeii,' 'Venetian Vagabonds,' Page 385 385 385 386 386 386 388 388 388 388 389 389 390 391 GENERAL LEW WALLACE. Birth and Enrly Life ■Lawyer and Sold ler, 392 392 et)!i fAGR Recitation, . ^Cjj 361 College ( J rad- 3^'i 3^" 3'>2 362 rMan,' ... 363 ILLER. nd Filibuster- 3^>(> Iter and Law- 36G I Puhiisiier, . 36; Her and Bret 367 n Home,' . 368 368 3(>9 370 Pagf 385 385 ^ork, ... 385 reat Promi- 386 Affairs, . . 386 ... . . 386 388 oiirnal,; . 388 ■ 388 388 389 ithly,' . . 389 mpeii,' . 390 391 392 392 CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. 25 PAGB Governor of Utah, Appointed Minister to Tiirltey, His Most Popular Book, . . ' 'Description of Christ,' . . . ' ' Ti-" 'Vince of India Teaches Reincar'- nation,' 'Death of Montezuma,' .' .' ." '. ' ] 3^^ 392 392 393 393 PAOB EDWARD EGGLESTON. Birth and Early Life, . A Man of Self-culture, .."'"■■ HI His Early Training, * ^oc Religious Devotion and Sacrifice ' Beginning of His Literary Career List of His Chief Novels and Stories ' Spelling Down the Master,' 395 396 396 396 397 lARRIET BEECHER STOWE. Ancestors, Birth, and Girlhood, Marriage Severe Trials, .....'.' A Memorable Year, Removal to Hartford, Conn PART IV. REPRESENTATIVE WOMEN NOVELISTS FRANCES H. PAGE 400 400 401 401 Her Death, . . . ' . . .' ' • • • 403 'The Little Evangelist,' '. ^°^ 'The Other World,' ...'.'.'..[ 4°^ 408 'f li. VIRGINIA TERHUNE (Manm Har- ,1 land^ . Birth and Education, . Marriage and Home, ...''' 2o8 Her Most Prominent Works. * ' ' " ^ 'A Manly Hero,' . » • • • • 408 409 HELEN HUNT JACKSON. Birth and Education, .... ' Marriage and Removal to Nevvport". R I TJo Great Distinction as a Writer ' ' ... At the Foot of Pike's Peak, ' ■ " " " 4' List of Her Most Prominent Works" ' Ix Death and Burial Place, . It t . 'Christmas Night at St. Peter's,'" " ' It 'Choice of Colors,' . • • • 4" ' 412 BURNETT. Pluck, Energy, and Perseverance, Her First Story, Marriage and Tour in Europe, ' " * ' Her Children Stories, ....."'" A Frequent Contributor to p"eri"od"icals' 'Pretty Polly P.,' ' ( Chas. Egbert MARY N. MURFREE Craddock) . An Amusing Story, Birth, Ancestry, and Misfortunes' A Student of Humanity, ^^u ^^^S^old and Full of Humor," The Confession,' AMELIA E. BARR. Popularity of Her Works, Her Sorrows and Hardships, Birth and Early Education,' Marriage and Travels, • • • . Death of Her Husband and Four"sons, Compelled to Turn a Writer, An Instantly Successful Book 'Little Jan's Triumph,' " ' ' PACR 414 414 414 414 414 415 417 417 417 418 418 419 419 419 419 419 419 419 420 PART V. REPRESENTATIVE WOMEN POETS OF AMERICA LVniA H. SIGOURNEY. ...h AiVlhKICA Birth and Educational Advantages, . 4,2 ^er First Book, . . e , • . 422 Some of Her Other Works, '.'''' M\ Death, ^22 ' Columbus,' ^^^ - 'The Alpine Flowers/ ." ^^'^ 'Niagara,' ^24 424 'Death of an Infant,' 'A Butterfly on a Child's Grave.' ELIZABETH OAKES SMITH. •<'iu iJittn, . . A Liberal Contributor to Periodicals, Her Published Works. PAGE 425 425 426 426 426 26 CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. 'The Stepmother,' . . . '^'"' ' Guardian Angels,' '^'^ • The Brook,' . ^27 ' 428 ALICE AND PHCEBE CARY. Their Birth and Eariv Lot Their First Vohnne. ^ ^29 Some of Their Prominent Works' ' t'o A Comparison Between the Two Sisters, 4:0 ' Pictures of Memory ' ^"^ 'Nobility,' '^^' 'The Gray .Swan,' . '*'^' 'Memories,' . . '^■^^ 'Death Scene,' "^^^ ' 432 LUCY LARCOM. Operative in a Cotton Factory, Birth and Early Life, . ''.'"' Her First Literary I'roduction," ' " ' I']] Some of Her Best Works ' " " ' ' The Working Woman's Friend; [ ' ' 'lil •Hannah Binding Shoes,' ....." 4 ' LOUISE CHANDLER MOULTON. Birth and Education, Her First Book at Nineteen Years ' ' if- Her Following Publications, . ' " " ,' A Systematic Worker ' ' " I'l^ ' If there were Dreams to Sell -' ' ' * 'M' 'Wife to Husband,'. ' ' ' ' ^^ ' 'The Last Good-Bye,' ' ^^ 'Next Year,' . "*-'' 'My Mother's Picture,'" .' .' \ [ \ \ 43 J PART VI. WELL-KNOWN ESSAYISTS, CRITICS. AND SKETCH 43S 439 in American WASHINGTON IRVING. Birth and Ancestors, Early Success as a Journalist" A Two Years' Trip in Europe, . 4,0 A Shrewd Advertisement, " .^ The Winning Character of His ■G;nius; 44? The Organ of Westminster Abbey,' 442 'Baltus Van Tassel's Farm,' ^/.l ' Columbus at Barcelona ' A 'The Galloping Hessian,' .' ." .* .' ." ^^^ CHARLES DUDLEY WARNER. The Meditative School Literature, Birth, Ancestry, and Education, " Early Life, ' " In ' The Brotherhood of Authors,"' 4.8 His First Literary Work, ' 2^^ A Few of His Other PublicatiJns," Ihe Moral Quality of Vegetables,' DONALD G. MITCHELL {/k Marvel). Characteristics of the Author, A Disciple of Washington Irving ' Birth, Education, and Early Life' " .rr Home and Marriage, . . > • • 45^ U. S. Consul to Venice," ." ^^^ 'Glimpses of 'Dream Life," WRITERS. 448 448 448 448 449 449 451 451 45 i 451 452 EDMUND CLARENCE STEDMAN. Birth, Ancestry, and Early Life, On the New York ' Tribune ' Editor of the 'World,' . '. ' " A List of His Prominent Works, " Poet and Man of Business, 'Betrothed Anew,' ' The Door-step,' .....' HAMILTON W. MABIE. Birth, Family, and Education, Familiar with the Classics, " ' ' On the Staff of the ' Christian Union" ' ' Profound Study of the Problems of Life A Declaration Typical of All His Ihought, ' Country Sights and Sounds."' " PACK 463 464 ^'64 464 464 465 465 466 466 466 466 466 467 RICHARD HARDING DAVIS. Marvelous Skill in Seeing the World, A Clever Newspaper Reporter, Birth Parentage, and Education, . His First Real Fame, His Books Full of Life and Acti^it^, A Few of His Prominent Books 'The Origin of a Type of the Ameri- can Girl,' 475 475 475 475 475 475 476 '".t^h'sryetKm ction, 'riend, ^LTON. Ml Years, IS, . . Sell,' ". PACB ^ ^K • • ■ 4.5,3 ''"^ff ■ • • 4.5,5 ^w • • • 4.5,5 • • • 4.14 'it • • • 434 i CONTENTS OF VOLUME II. RITERS. 4.33 4.35 4.35 436 436 436 437 437 437 JMAN. PAGE Life, . • • 463 > • • 464 . . • -,"64 orks, • 464 . . . • 464 • . . . • 465 • • • • • 465 n, . . . 466 . 466 Union, ' 466 msofLi fe, 466 All H is • . . . 466 • • • • 467 World, • 475 > • • 475 ion, . • 475 ■ . . • 475 ctivity, • 475 ks, . . • 475 e Ameri 476 HOMAS WENTWORTH HIGGINSON. "-ack A Noble Part in the Battles for Free- , d.o™' .• •, 483 Activity in the Anti-Slavery Agitation, 483 His Contributions to Literature, A Popular Historian ' ' A Puritan iSunday Morning,' " PAKT VII. GREAT AMERICAN HISTORIANS AND BIOGRAPHERS. WILLLAM H. PRi^SCOTT. GEORGE H. BANCROFT, PAliK 'he First Among AniericAn Historians, 48c irth and Education, . ^of 4«j • • 4.S5 Col- The 15i Extensive Studies in Europe, Appointed Professor at Harvard lege, 4«S 4«5 A School of High Classical Character, ^.,, Official Service, ^^ His History of the United State.s,' 486 A Long and Useful Life, . ... Tgy 'Characterof Roger Williams,' .' .' " 488 Destruction of the Tea in Boston Har- ,^^''', • '■■ 488 ' Chi vairy and Puritanism,' 43^ IMES PARTON. Ancestry, Birth and Education, . 400 A Very Successful Teacher, . . . . ' aL His Career as a Literary Man, . " On the Staff of the New York ZeJirg',- His Most Prominent Works ' ' 'Old Virginia,' .... • • • • 490 490 491 491 492 A Popular Historian, Birth, Parentage, and Early Life," A Thorough Prejjaration, . . Marriage and Happy Home, '. His Method of Composition, Successful as a Wri^r from theFirst* A List of His Works, Many Engaging Qualities," *.]".' * The Golden Age of Tezcuco,' ' The Banquet of the Dead,' JOHN L. MOTLEY. ' Birth, Boyhood, and Early Associates. Intimate Friend of Prince Bismarck, Member of Massachusetts Legislature Minister to Austria 1869, Patriot, Scholar, i86i ; to England, PART • The Siege of Leyden, ' Assassination of William of Orange," ' VIII. OUR NATIONAL HUMORISTS pNRY W. SHAW (/OS/, Biliings). Birth and Education, ... -^ HisEarly Lifeof Adventurej .".'"" Li Entered the Lecture Field. ' ^04. Contributor to The New York Weekly, 504 His Published Books, .... col 'Manifest Destiny,' ....,'.**' \^z 'Letters to Farmers,' ..."'*' 37 PAr.H 483 4X4 484 PAGR 494 494 494 495 495 496 496 497 497 498 499 499 — -.^^wwo^iia i-'Cgisiaiure, . 400 History of Holland,' . . ! . ... Vl 500 500 Historian, ... cot 502 503 ^MUEL L. CLEMENS {Mark Twain). A World-wide Reputation Birth, Boyhood, and Education, ' His Pilot Life • • • Editor of the Virginia City Enterprise, Journalist and Gold-digeer •• • I'j' \.K! iiawuu, .... 'Innocents Abroad,' . . 505 506 507 507 ■^07 507 507 507 507 Some of His Other Works, Vol A Lecturing Trip Around the World. ! \o2> ' Jim Smiley's Frog,' . \^^ !S'''^^-"'^.'''^PP^"^'°" andPray"er;' 500 Ihe Babies,' ^^ CHAS. FOLLEN ADAMS (Yawcob Strauss). A Not-soon-to-be-forgotten Author, Birth, Education, and Early Life Service in Many Hard -fought Batd Prominent Busine?= *Tan, A Contributor to • 512 • 512 es, . 5T? A ^ . , -Jminent Journals, C12 A Genial and Companionable Man. C12 ' Der Drummer,' \ ' Hans and FriV'r • ^ 3 Yawcob St Mine rauss, Moder-in- Law, 513 5f3 514 as CONTENTS OF VOLUME H. EDGAR WILSON NYE {Bill Nye). Birth and Early Surroundings, Studied Law, Admitted to tli Organized the Nye Trust, Famous Letters from N. C, . 'History of the United St'ates.' .' .' " \\l His Death • • 5 lo le Wax, . Buck's Sliual S'S 5'S S'S PAl.H **, Beginning Of His Literary Career. . . c,„ Studied and Practised law ^^ Co-c^itor of the Atlanta dn.limo'n, \ lH His Works, . . > a-" ' ^ard^'^''"'' ^'■' ■^'"''' '^""'' '^'' ' ^"^- ^'° S20 'l"he Wild Cow,' 'Mr. Whisk's True Lov'e,: ' ' " ' • 5j6 ihe Discovery of New York,' *. " ' 5^6 ROBERT J. BURDKTTK. 517 JOEL C. HARRIS ((/ncle Remus). Birth and Humble Circumstances, m the Office of the Country. man, Birth and Early Education, . ' -„ bought in the Civil War, ' • • 524 ■'"ister""' ^'''^'"''"■' ""f' 'baptist' Min His Other Works, • ''^he Movement Cure foV Rheumatism.' 5-^4 5-4 524 5^5 PART IX. POPULAR WRITERS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE. PACB LOUISA M. ALCOTT, Architect of Her Own Fortune, . .,, Her Early Writings, . . . ' ' * • 52? In the Government Hos'pitals, ." ' ' ' III Her ]]ooks, ..... ' * ^ q An Admirer of Emerson" '. ?!o A Victim of Overwork, " ' ' ' Z 'How Joe Made Friends,'* '.'''' c2 • • • • 529 WILLIAM T. ADAMS (Olwer Optic). Writer for the Young, Birth and Early Life, ^"^^ Teacher in Public Schools] ! ' ' ' ' c5t His Editorials and .^ooks, . ' ' ' ' e,T His Style and Influence, . ' ' ' Jv, ' The Sloop That Went to the JBottom,*' 531 HORATIO ALGER. His First Book a Great Success, . . ,„ A New Field, ... ^' ' ' ' 533 Birth, Education, and Early Life,* *. .* 533 In New York, . . Some of His Most Pr*on*,inen't Bo^ks, How Dick Began the Day * . . . EDWARD ELLIS. TAr.t 533 534 534 Birth and Early Life, His Historical Text-boo*ks* l^. ' 536 LIPPINCOTr (Grace Green- SARAH JANE wood). Favorite Wriur for Little Childrer c,s Birth and Childhood, '^"'°'^'^' • 53^ Her Marriage, 53« Contributions to Jou'rnals' and' Maga- Her Numerous Books* ^K Life Abroad, .... ^^l 'Babyin the Bath-tub.'' .' l^l * 53^ ry Career, . . '^[^ »«; 520 Constitution, .520 """"•'""^'r a FAMOUS ENGLISH AUTHORS WHOSE WRITINGS AND BIOGRAPHIES APPEAR IN THIS VOLUME 524 ! Baptist Min- ■••••• 524 ^B'^"''''"» -''^""'■ed. ^>ne Journal. . oa ^^K> • i », •^ • 5-4 ^^Barrie, James M. Rheumatis'm,*' lit ^P*^^"'' Sir Walter. ^'^ ^^■^lack, William, iright, John. irownlng, Elizabeth Barrett, frowning, Robert. ^^ulwer-Lytton, Edward (Lord). '*''•* ^^Piirns, Robert. eiit ]Jooks, . ^'{l aPyo"i George Gordon (Lord). ' ' .... 534 ^JU^aine, Thomas Hall. 'arlyle, Thomas, ^axton, William. 536 a^»'^*"*^^'"» Geoffrey. 536 ^^Koleridge, Samuel Taylor. ren's I'apers, 536 '^Kollins, Wilkie. 53^' i^Roverdale, Miles. ■/-/-. ^ ■■w'^^^'Per, Wil'fam. {Gratre Green- ^■» ^, ^^■"^ranmer, Thomab. ■ ., , i^^»^efoe, Daniel. •'". ' 53s B^"^^"^' ^^'^^^'-• • • • • • 53^ ;^B's''ae!i, Benjamin, Earl of Beaconsfield. ind Maga- , i^B >oyle, Arthur Conan. Sl^ :^B>nimmond, Henry. ^^^ ^^V" Maurier, George. : : : : : % wiiot, oeorge. T^arrar, Frederick W. 'roude, James A. Gibbon, Edward, ladstone, William Ewait, oldsmith, Oliver, ^ray, Thomas. Ingelow, Jean. Henians, Felicia. Hood, Thomas. James I, King of England. Jonson, Ben. Johnson, Samuel. Kipling, Rudyard. Macaulay, Thomas B. MacDonald, George. Mandeville, Sir John. McCarthy, Justin. Milton, John. Moore, Thomas. Oliphant, Mrs. Margaret. Pitt, WilUam, Earl of Chatham Pope, Alexander. Ruskin, John. Scott, Sir Walter. Shakespeare, William. Shelley, Percy Bysshe. Spenser, Edmund. Spurgeon, Charles H. Stevenson, Robert Louis. Tennyson, Alfred (Lord). Thackeray, William Makepeace. Trollope, Anthony. Tyndale, William. Ward, Mrs. Humphry. Watson, John (/«« Maclareny, Watts, Isaac. Wordsworth, William. Wyclif, John. ^y FAMOUS AMERICAN AUTHORS WHOSE WRITINGS AND BIOGRAPHIES APPEAR tN THIS VOLUME Adams, Charles Follen ( Yawcob Strauss). Adams, \Vm. T. (^O/iver Optic). Alcott, Louisa May. Alger, Horatio, Jr. Bancroft, George H. Barr, Amelia E. Bill Nyt {Iifts). 0. SELECTIONS SUITABLE FOR RECITATION. ARRANGED ALPHABETICALLY. Aat Song i)ok, The . . J)oks and Their Uses, * j. leak. Break, Hreak j^^ [iilge of Sighs, The .."'.." ." ,07 luce to His Men 00 figle Song, . . ^tterfly on a Child's Grave, A, . . . ' '75 32« 295 300 36a 164 137 9 3 107 Hans and Fritz, rAoi Here and the Hereafter, The, . ' ' " ?! House Ucaiitiful. The, . ' How Jo Made Friends, ^ Hymn Snng at the Completion of the'con- ^^^ cord Monument (1836), 123 425 iambered Nautilus, The baracter of Roger Williams, . , ' .' .' .' jgg |>ristmas Niglu at St. Peter''- • • • • 4 Ideal Honeymoon, An, if There Were Dreams to Sell, Imaginary Verses of Alexander Seil.ii k ' Incendiarism in Ireland. . Islesof Greece, The, ...!""' Jim Smiley's Frog, Jubilee Hymn, . . Kit Carson's Ride, 339 411 I) gin at St. Peter' unibus, lumbiis at Barcelona, ....,' Z^^ tter's Saturday Night, The, ." .' ' ' ." ' gg of the Human, The, Land of the East, The, Letters to Farmers, . 253 425 180 513 81 97 356 path of an Infant, .... lath of Little Nell, .....[] Ir Drummer Iserted Village, The, ......'' Istruction of Sennacherib, . . . ' ckens in Camp, Bcovery of New York, The! Itch Lullaby, A, . • • • • 5^7 ^ ^ 359 lerson and the Emensonites, . ,0, Icoimter with a Panther, ..."''■ Z°l felyn Hope, . . * • • • 375 [eof Battle, The, .....'.''' " Icelsior, . . ' ' 95 3" Manifest Destiny, .... MineModer-in-law, ...,.' Moral Qualities of Vegetable^, The ' Movement Cure for Rheumatism, The" Mr. Rabbit Mr. Fox, and Mr. Buzzard, My Mother's Picture, 320 tii ■436 91 276 96 508 234 95 506 505 514 449 525 520 437 167 424 fst Christmas Carol, The, . . ,,a furth-of-July Ode, •......■;;; J^g ^nicn Song, Go! len Year, The, '. . [ J'^ G< u; With a Hand,somer Man.' .■"'■■ J. Gri.itness 144 Paul, The, imah Binding Shoes, Necessity and Dignity of Labor, The Niagara, ' Night in June, A, . . Norse Lullaby, The, ..'.'."."","."" ^l^ Ode to a Skylark, . , Ode to Duty, . . 93 Old Ironsides, . "5 Old Virginia, . 3«5» On Slavery, ...'.'.'.'.]['''' '^^' Organ of Westminster Abbey. The ' ' " ' ^^J Other World, The, ^' ' ' ' ' ^42 Our Hired Girl, ..;.'." '^°'' Our Immortality, ... ^^' Our Two Opinions. "^ 359 Parting of Marniion and Douglas, . ,62 Pearl, " ' *"^ Phantom Ship, The, *, ^^^ Pictures of Memory. .'.'.'. ^°° I'relude tr> Tn m«.^'^-:„.„ 433 Mem 430 I Puritan Sunday M 3T oriam. orning. 1 1( 484 32 SELECTIONS SUITABLE I'OR RECITATIOK Speech on the Corn-laws Spelhng Down the Schoolmaster/ Raggedy Man, The '•''°« Kavcn, The, . ' 352 R-de from Ghent to Aix', The ^°' ^'ngOut, Wild Bells, . ' '-'5 ^ , "9 TamO'Shanter Sam Weller's Valentine To a Skylark, ''' Sensitive Plant, The, 182 To a VVaterfoVl " ' ' ^even I'mies One, . 92 Traveler, The ' ' ' Seven 'I niies T»-o, , [ [ 268 Truth of Inter'co'urse ' Seven Times 'I'hree 268 ''^' Seven Times Five, ' ." ." ^^8 Uncle Dan Ts Anna S;ege of Leydcn, The 269 I '"''P' ^antion and Prayer, S'eep, The,' . ; .'7; 502 j Venetian Vagabonds LTdLr/e^r'"'^^"'-^^-^'' • • •■ : : ■ ;j3^h^'-"^^«^-§-,S'e,: ; ; • • • so:;fof;!;:^-^s- ••:■•••• ;^ir'^^^'°^"'^«^«p-,The, . . . . ^°5 > Yawcob Strauss, TAOR • 275 • 397 • 87 • "4 • 292 . 80 215 509 391 81 312 SIR Tii mother-ton Scott in thi the jester, "Why, Wamba. " Swine "Ands and drawn an "Pork,' "I am ) French; and but becomes a nobles; what "Itisb "Now I tinues to hold but becomes B to consume hi when he requii iL •■TdD and Normal 3 PAr.R • • 275 • • 397 • • . • 87 • 114 • • 292 . 80 ■ • • • 215 >'er, . . • 509 • • • • 39^ ■ 81 * • ■ ■ 312 • • . • 513 PIONEERS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. SIR JOHN MANDEVILLE. GEOFFREY CHAUCER, The Father of English Prose. The Fir"t Great Poet of England. mother-tono-ue. „ „, That renowned Poet. Dan Chaucer, well of English undefyled On Fame's eternall beadroll worthie to be fyled. —S/>e,,sfr. T was not until the fourteenth century that there beran to be in any true sense, an English language. Until this time 'the Norman-French of the nobles and die Saxon of the lower orders had marked the differences of thought and fe-^lincr between the conquerors and the conquered race, but graduall? n7 7^r\^0"^'"g to be one people, and their union is well md.catedby the changes of language which resulted in our ^rnn ;n ^K ° ' .^^^is tusiou of language has been well described by Sir Walter Wamba.''''''' '''" ''" ^°" '^°" ^™"''"^ ^^"*" """""'"^ ^^^^ °" ^'-- f"- 1<^SS?" detnanded " Swine, fool, swine," said the herd ; " every fool knows that " »nH /'^"^^;'"^'« g°°d, Saxon," said the jester; -but how call you the sow when she is flaved and drawn and quartered, and hung up by the heels like a traitor ? " ^ " Pork," answered the swineherd. "I am very glad every fool knows that, too," said Wamba, "and pork, I think is good Norman buTbtL^f ;N:;';Vt d™" 'u'^ ^1 ' ;- ^'r^^ °^ ^ '™ slave^he'goes'f; hL'sln ~ " It IS but too true doctrine, friend Wamba, however it got into a fool's pate ! " Now I can tell you more," said Wamba, in the same tone • " there is old AW.rmnn n bM becomes Beef, a flery French gallant, when he arri-es before ihe wor,hi,,fi,l ia>vs that are de-lined to comume h,m. Mynheer Calf, too, becomes Monsieur de Vean in the ike manner he tiZ when he requires tendance, and takes a Norrrran name when he becol maHer oTen;;;en,." ,„ 1 £ "'" "' J"" "'i*-'" '™y'* ^' *'■'= '"='■'' outlined that the two elements of 'iavon and Norman formed one language. There had been poetry in EnglLd before 33 is # a^iii...- H PIONEERS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. 11 of Lnghsh prose. His book of traveirpuSd i? T "^^.''^ °' "°'' ^^^^ ^^^^^"^ Haps, be called the earliest English book ^ It t an t [ 35.6, may properly, per- ^nces m his travels, which occupied tWrtv fnul T °^ ^^'^ ^"^^^^^'^ ^Veri- parts of the world. Some orthTstor eTare if ' 1 ^^^^^^^-^^^ ^^^ over many Enghshmen had traveled abroad tCwereverv J. '" ,^ ^'''''"'^' ^ut as few were so popular that of no book ej;^^lS-:;:^^^P:^^ ^4";' ■'"'-■- of that time be found. in one of the ex- tracts which we quote it will be seen that Mande- ville recognized the con- fusion of tongues in his native country, and there- fore wrote his book in Latm and French and English, so that every man might understand it But the real father ol hnghsh literature was (jeoffrey Chaucer. His respect for English may be inferred from the lines in the "Testament of Love '.-"Let clerks indite in Latin, and the I-Vench- men in their French also indite their quaint terms, lor it IS kindly to their our fantasies in such words as we lenm^^ ^f , "souths ; and let us show first to honor the English lanjua^e rytaminTinT'"'^ ''T''" "^ ^^ ^- and his service to posterity is not onlv ftL^ m it a great literary masterpiece impulse he gave to literary effort he ZLZ "^"^''''^"t'^^" ^o literature and the of the language, and, singular's his woX^f ^"^ °'^''' ^^'P^^ '^ ^^ the forms spelhng. It was only the bemnnin^ oTh ^ """^ ^ear, to inaugurate a definitP was to carry rapiVlly'fo^laJd^Tuf to C^^c^^^^^ "''^'^ '''' 'nve^ntion^fVrLti g Chaucer was attached to the court In ? °"^' "^^'^ "^"^'^ o^" ^he credit ^ I'fe. We know that he filled evera pi ^0^"^' P^^H^'^ ^"""^ "^o«t o "his commission to Italy that he m w Jlu^ • offices; that he was sent on <;nmf was identified with'the party oT the Duk'e 0^1' "' '''' "'^^ °^ J°'- of Gaunt and of the king's works in r/n^^H Xe h ^^"f^^^^*-- - He was appointed .ifi 3-.. uhich office he held only tor two years. His"deati) "A merchant was there with a forked herd In mottelee, and highe on hoK he sat. " ' took plac His prin( " Assemh L(';if,""( thf "Lej Ai-cyte," which is : upon whii 01 ■' wel a ering at t ^ccident, ; T^L-re are .!( lating c lonk, a 1 iifferent c The jiiakes thi S IND for that Vyai siren for to ban ' thereof Vlatindevylle that was bori [(\1 bones, j)as }esii Crist I Michelle ; ai 3ver the See manye dyveri Kingdomes a Tartarye, Pe 2;rete; thorgl jof Ethiope j md the mon Imany others jdwellen man JManeres and jmen. Ofwh: [more pleynly Bum partie of I* As much. » h "^ come down t(3 reign tongue; to one, givin^r real English lot, the father properly, per- ithor's experi- n over many 2 ; but as few as true, ami manuscripts be found. of the ex- we quote it that Mande- ^ed the con- igues in his y, and there- lis book in French and that every iderstand it. real father erature was nicer. His ■nglish may >m the lines itament of -lerks indite ;he French- French also aint terms, ly to their et us show le was the asterpiece, e and the the forms ■ a definite 3f printing credit, lost of his on some aunt, and Iter) n]f^rh PIONEERS OF ENGLISH LITERATURE, 35 took place in 1400, when he was probably something over seventy years of age H,s pnncpal poems are the "Romaunt of the RoseV' the "Court of Love " tfe Assembly of Fowls, the; Cuckoo and the Nightingale," the " Flowe and tie L..f "Chancers Dream," the" Bok. of the Duchesse," the "House of Fame '^ the "Legende of Goode Women," " Troilus and Creseide " ''Anelvdu and Arcyte." and the un.que "Canterbury Tales." by which he is mosf known and which IS now by far the most read of all his works. This has furnished the dI in ..^pon which many later poets have built their work. It is the story of a comp'any f " we and nyne tvven y pilgruns to the shrine of St. Thomas of cLterburyTa 1> Inng a the ' hostelne of the Tabard Inn at Southwark. They come toSer by Iccdent, and agree to travel together for purposes of good cheer and" defense here are the host of the Tabard, who suggests that they^beguil^the way by ea^^^^ fclatmg a story,_a kn.ght. a squire, a yeoman, a prioress, a nun, three priesl a lionk, a friar, a merchant, a clerk or student, and the rest-repiisenting al the Kerent classes or kinds of persons who made up the English people ^ The stories they told and the charming setting in which they are olaced [nakes this the masterpiece of early English ^ placed, -4 FROM THE PROLOGUE ND for als moche ' as it is longe tyme passed, tliat ther was no generalie Passage ne Vyage over the See ; and many Men de- ;iren for to here speke of the holy Lond, and lan ^ thereof gret Solace and Comfort ; I John laundevylle, Knyght, alle be it I be not worthi. :hat was born in Englond, in the Town of Seynt ■ Ibones, passed the See, in tlie Zeer of our Lord csu Crist MCCCXXII, in the Day of Seynt .lichelle; and hidre to* have been longe tyme iver the See, and have seyn and gon thorghe iianye dyverse Londes, and many Provynces and Cingdomes and lies, and have passed thorghe "artarye, Percye, Ermonye* the litylle and the rete; thorghe Lybye, Caldee and a gret partie if Ethiope ; thorghe Amazoyne, Inde the lasse ,nd the more, a gret partie; and thorghe out [many othera lies, that ben abouten Inde ; where wellen many dyverse Folkes, and of dyverse 'Maneres and Lawes, and of dyverse Schappes » of [men. Of whiche Londes and lies, I schalle speke jmore pleynly hereaftre. And I schalle devise zou [sum partie of thinges that there ben, whan time * As much. "Have. » Hitherto. * Armenia. ^ shapes. •^O MANDEVILLE'S BOOK. schalle ben, aftre it may best come to mymynde; and specyally for hem, that wylle and are in pur' pos for to visite the Holy Citee of Jerusalem, and the holy Places that are thereaboute. And I schalle telle the Weye. that thei schulle holden thidre. For I have often tymes passed and ryden * the way, with gode Companye of many Lordes: God be thonked. And zee schulle ' undirstonde, that I have put this Boke out of Latyn into Frensche, and trans- lated it azen'out of Frensche into Englyssche, that every Man of my Nacioun may undirstonde It. But Lordes and Knyghtes and othere noble and worthi Men, that conne" Latyn but litylle, and ban ben bezonde the See, knowen and undir- stonden, ziflerre in devisynge, for forzetynge,"* or elles » ; that thei mowe » redresse it and amende it. For thinges passed out of longe tyme from a Mannes mynde or from his syght, turnen sone in forzetynge : Because that Mynde of Man np may not ben comprehended ne witheholden, for the Freeltee nf Mankynde. « Ridden. ? Should. » Again. » Know. "Forgetting. iiElse. ^^May, 1 R 36 PIONEERS, OF ENGLISH LITERATURE. THE CHINESE. fIHE grct Kyng hatha every day, 50 fair Damyseles, alle Maydenes, that serven him everemore at his Mete. And whan he is at the Table, thei bryngen him hys Mete at every tyme, 5 and 5 to gedre. And in b.yngynge hire Servyse, thei syngen a Song. And aftre that, thei kutten his Mete, and putten it in his Motithe: for he touch- ethe no thing ne handlethe nought, but holdethe evere more his Hondes before iiim, upon the Table. For he hathe so longe Nayles, that he may take no thing, ne handle no thing. For the Noblesse of that Contree is to have longe Nayles, and to make hem growen allevveys to ben as longe as men may. And there ben manye in that Contree, that han hire Nayies so longe, that thei envyronne alle the Hond : and that is a gret Noblesse. And the Noblesse of the Women, is for to haven smaJ Feet and litille: and therfore anon as thei bej born, they leet bynde hire Feet so streyte, that thei may not growen half as nature wolde : Andl alle weys theise Damyseles, that I spak of beforii syngen alle the tyme that this riche man etethe'i and when that he etethe no more of his firstel Cours, thanne other 5 and 5 of faire Damyseles bryngen him his seconde Cours, alle weys I syngynge, as thei dide beforn. And so thei don contynuelly every day, to the ende of his Mete. And in this manere he ledethe his Lif And so dide thei before him, that ^^•eren his AuncestresJ and so schulle thei that comen aftre him, witli outen doynge of ony Dedes of Armes : but lyveii evere more thus in ese, as a Swyn, that is fedde in I Sty, for to ben made fatte. '•O^O- FROM THE PROLOGUE TO THE CANTERBURY TALES. |HANN£: that Aprils with his shour^s sote - The droughte of March hath perced to the rote,^ And b",thed every veine in swiche Micour, Of rt'hiche vertie engendred is the flour ; Whan Zcpliirus eke with his sote brethe Enspire^ liath in every holt and hethe The tendre croppes and the )ong6 sonne Hath m the Ram his half6 cours yronne,* And smale foai^s maken melodie. That slepen ..He night with open eye. So prikeih hen, ^ nature in hir « corages ; ' Thin longen folk to gon on pilgrimages, And palmeres for to seken Strang^ strondes, lo ser\ :« hahveys" couthe •» in sondry londes ; And specially, from every shirks ende Of Engfelond, to Canterbury thev wende » The holy blisful martvr for to seke, That hem hath holpen, whan that they were Befelle, that, in that seson on a day, 'Sweet. 2 Root. a Such. 4 Ru„, , ^-^^^ •Their. Mnclination. « To keep. » Holidays. '"Known. n Go. '2. Sick. In Southwerk at the Tabard as I lay, Redy to wenden on my pilgrimage To Canterbury with devoute corage, At night was come into that hostelrie Wei nine and twenty in a campagnie Of sondry folk, by aventure yfalle " III felawship, and pilgrimes were they alle, 1 hat toward Canterbury wolden " ride The chambres and the stables weren wide And wel we weren esed att6 beste. ' And shortly whan the sonne was gon to reste, bo hadde I spoken with hem everich on » T hat I was of hir felawship anon. And mad6 forword erly for to rise. To take oure way ther as I yon devise But natheles, while I have time and space, Or that I forther in this tal6 pace, Me thinketh it accordant to reson. To tellen you alle the condition Of eche of hem, so as it semed me. And whiche they weren, and of what degre ; And eke in what araie that they were inne • And at a knight than wol I firste begin ne. " »» Fallen. MWould. i' Everyone. •Little difficulty will be experienced in readin-^ Chaucer If it i« li,.rn. • ■ j t. ^ French were, in his ti^e. given their French pronunci:tioard th, fine T^V --•':; al^\ T"' ""'^ '''''' '^""' ''' -I iiiiHi r auu ... arc almost always separate syllables. =^=^«^=^ m PRINTING AND THE BIBLE. WILLIAM CAXTON, JOHN WYCLIF, WILLIAM TYNDALE, MILES COVER ^ALE. THOMAS CRANMER, JAMES I, King of England. HE two events which were of greatest moment in familiarizincr the bnghsh people with the forms of their language, and in making these terms permanent, were the introduction of printintr and the trans- lation of the Bible. _ To William Caxton belongs the credit of setting up the first printing press in England. In 1455 Gutenberg had printed a Latin Bible in Germany, but the first book to issue from Caxton's ?^ress was entitled the " Game and Playe of Chesse," and was published in 1401 axton printed ninety-nine books, most of them in English, partly translations nd partly original works. He wrote a great many prefaces and translated a ^"7^,'' °^ '^°°''^' ^"d "^''^y fairly be said to hold a real place in the history of English literature, aside from the unique service which he rendered it in estab- Eshing printing in England. As soon as the inauguration of printing made it easy for the general public be possessed of books there was a great and general demand for the Eno-lish 5ible. More than a century had elapsed since John Wyclif had translated'' the 3ook of Books into his mother-tongue. This remarkable man, who was the first lo open the whole Scriptures to those of his countrymen who could not read Latin ^as of almost equal importance in the literary and political history of his country' -le attained to a position of considerable influence, but, being abandoned by his ^reat triends, lost all his preferments. It was now that he began his translation p the Bible, which he completed about the year 1380. ^ A hundred years later such changes had been wrought in the language that few englishmen could read the Wyclif version. The nation was agitated upon reli- hous subjects, and The Reformation was about to dawn, when William Tyndale an Uxlord graduate of great learning, undertook to provide a translation of the Bible ot from the Latin, as was Wyclif 's, but from the original Hebrew and Greek ' Ihe spirit of the English clergy and Tyndale's determination are well shown tlie story of his encounter with a popish divine. His argument in favor of a Jible which could be read by the common people was so conclusive that, unable 37 38 IMH i PRINTING AND THE BIBLE. and ,f God gives me life, ere",, any S Ac ItZ^l- ^^ "?'' =■" ''" '""'^ more of the Scriptures than you do ■'And P'°"S''''°yf. of England shall kn<„, pelled to become an exile to accnmnli.l, I ■ ^'"^' h'". "■°''''- "«= "as co,„. Antwerp a New Testame" in EnTsr^^;J"%';^^^ -5^6 h= printed , .nto England, though the importer were pSseZd and ,l'°''''-'',""^''"'P°'-''' compelled to remain in hiding while he nrfn^^f^ ' ''"''.*« "uthor, after bciiv especially adapted to aericulfura 1 JL'^ ^ ,"'' ^ "■=" ^<'"""' °f ^'^ great worC betrayedVs^ies of Hj^n^vTlfa tene„ce"d ^oZTT, ^'^^^f^ *^^ «""' tyrant. dered that the Bible shi'^,^-;'^^^^^^^^^^^ and the'booVof M ^"''"'^"'' ^^"''^'^ "^^ "--^'-'ed the five books of Mos« fs,Xtt ^WmTeSn Jf"ti;e"^l,r^BiS:ir^^'%'^'^''T,°' „^«-' P"^' had been a co-worker with Tvnda e wl. fh^ i "^,^"^'- J^^^" Rogers, who name was given in the book Yn 1 540 "S sa^JnL'T^''-'''' '^^""^^^ ^ fi^^'^'°- bishop Cran ^, and hence known bf Ws name w ' ^''•'"f ^ P''^^^^^ ^X ^rch- of the Scriptures to be used in L EMfsrcCV'^'r ^^' '^^^ only Version were taken the Orisspcrpc .r q.".: „_^"^ '!''' V^'^'^.^^^-. ^^01 " Cranmer's Bible" uffren kyndgon vhanne ^011 : an ne. Joi pleiiteoui -propheti! r^the erthe ^-Bchal it t but it be ben light ';|not be h: "puttiih it o5L'Vtt^l°3a"s"ri'-;s,ri F^^^^^^ B.ble translations, the "A.ltlo Led VeVstn "'^^Srit l' " >"'°^ temarkablj of aS the Enghsh-speaking people until the prese'nt^me ' ^^""^ '" ""= ''^^"^ "f ocnolars liave not- rpnc^ri «-^ f "uic. sion," published, tl"e NeTtstam':nTi„"T88rr'f 'r^'n^A*^ "R--d Ver- although correcting many manifest er.-ors ha, , *\°" Testament in ,885, great work which lias been the nS n ex book ?o°r f' '^^^ ^^'' '° *'^P'='« '>' Enghsh-speaking people for nearly three centuries ''""'""' '""™"io" "f '!«= i -' >t -» < < « IND a s' ■iayd vnt< Howe re( Thou aha and wyth and wyth thy sylfe. answered He willy Jesus : W Jesus ai scended i into the h his rayme ynge hym cam a ceri |ND Jhesus seynge the peple, went up into an MATTHEW, CHAPTER V. From Wyclif's Bible. , ., , ° -i'-i--) ""-"i-up into an hil, and whanne he was sett, his discinlis camen to him. And he openyde his mouthe, and taughte hem ; and seide, Biessid be IS herun. Elessid ben mylde men: for thei . -1..1.. 4iic„;,j ben thei Hiat be the, that j,„ ,„d thirsten rightwisnesse; m en L:t' '^ ';'?'^^- ^^--d l-n merciful God B, . f '''"' '"^^ ^ ^°^ ^h^' ^^hulen se ^od. Blessid ben Desible mp.-, • f^. fu ,, , ^ec.ep.d,„dc.is children. ■■B„.i„t':;'.h:;'t. IHEI ta; lO; saynge, M clene. H aynge : ] PRINTING AND THE BIBLE. t God's law thar nd a') his laws land shall knov He was com - 5 he printed in| > were import<'( :hor, after bein^ his great worC sses, was finalh lalty of burning open the Kin[| ^ y the capricious the free use of ' ooks of Moses >f Exeter, pub- n Rogers, who igh a fictitious eface by Arch- ie only version imer's Bible" :>k. It lacked leral use until, 3f forty-seven irkable of all the hearts of Revised Ver- tient in 1885, ' displace the I ruction of die 39 ^iffren persecucion for rightwisnesse : for the kv iidgom of hevenes is hern. Ye schul be blessid wlianne men schul curse you, and schul jjursue ^ou : and schule seye al yvel agens you liynge for le. Joie ye and be ye glade : for your meede is Dienteous in hevenes : for so thei han pursued also _)rophetis that wehen bifore you. Ye ben salt of the erthe, that if the salt vanishe awey wherynne Bchal it be salted ? to nothing it is worth over, no Imt it be cast out, and be defoulid of men. Ye ben light of the world, a citee set on an hill may Inot be hid. Ne men teendith not a lanterne and Iputtith it undir a bushel : but on a candilstik that it give light to alle that ben in the hous. So, schyne your light bifore men, that thei see your- gode workis, and glorifie your fadir that is in hevenes. Nyle ghe deme that I cam to undo the I.avve or the prophetis, I cam not to undo the lawe but to fulfiUe. Forsothe I sey to you till hevene and erthe i)asse, oon lettre, or oon title, schal not passe fro the Lawe til alle thingis be don. Therefore he that brekith oon of these leeste maundementis, and techith thus men, schal be clei)id the Leest in the rewme of hevenes: but he that doth, and techith, schal be clepidgreet in the kyngdom of hevenes. — ■■O^O" • PARABLE OF THE From Tvndale's ND marke' A Certayne Lawere stode vp' and tempted hym sayinge : Master what shall I do' to inheret eternall lyfe? He viyd vnto him: What ys written in the lawe? Mowe redest thou? And he answered and sayde : Tiiou shalt love thy lorde god' wyth all thy hert' and wyth all thy ile'and with all thy strengthe' and wyth all thyiaynde; and thy neighbour as thysylfe. And he sayd vnto hym: Thou hast answered right. This do and thou shalt live. He willynge to iustifie hym sylfe' sayde vnto Jesus : Who ys then my neighbour ? Jesus answered and sayde : A certayne man de- scended from Jerusalem into Jericho' And fell into the hondes off theves' whych robbed hym off his rayment and wonded hym' and departed lev- ynge hym halfe deed. And yt chaunsed that there I cam a certayne preste that same waye' and sawe GOOD SAMARITAN. Nev< Testament. hym' and passed by. And lyke wyse a levite when he was come neye to the place' went and loked on hym and passed by. Then a certayne Samaritane as he iornyed cam neye vnto hym and behelde hym and had compassion on hym and cam to hym and bounde vppe hys wondes and poured in wyne and oyle and layed him on his beaste and brought hym to a common hostry and drest him. And on the morowe when he departed he toke out two pence and gave them to the host and said vnto him. Take care of him and whatso- ever thou spendest above this ^^■]len I come agayne I will recompence the. Which nowe of these thre thynkest thou was neighbour unto him that fell into the theves hondes? And he answered : He that shewed mercy on hym. Then sayd Jesus vnto hym. Goo and do thou lyke wyse. •0^.- fortid. Blessid rightwisnesse : I ben merciful Blessed ben thei schulen se ir they schulcti 3 ben thei that MATTHEW'S GOSPEL, CHAPTER VIH. From Tyndale's New Testament. |HEN Jesus was come dovvne from the moun- tayne, moch people followed him. And lo, there ca,n a lepre, ar.d worsheped him saynge. Master, if thou wylt, thou canst make me I clene. He pntt forthe his hund and touched him saynge: I will, be clene, and immediatly his leprosy was clensed. And Jesus said vnto him. Se thou tell no man, but go and shewe thysilf to the preste and offer the gyfte, that Moses com- maunded to be offred, in witness to them. When Jesus was entered in to Capernaum, there cam vnto him a certayne Centurion, besechyng him ii^Ji; 40 PRIXTING AND THE miE. anothre, come and hi . ^ ' ^"'^ '" ^"t" the Centurion „ .u ^^" J^''"^ said •ofo.. pW then I will finish,,, these fables With (I h.s tale that followeth, which a wor- sh,pA,l ])nest and a iwson told me late ■ -.»ic.a„dc„.„d;:^t:r,";f::;„'L^:: otlier was a good sim,)le Driest A nd c ■? u I-"ed that the master 'tha'^: pert a^d Z:^''' anon promoted to a l..n.r... i '"'^ ^^'''^^'^ ^^'^'^ THE TWO MASTERS OF ARTS T0.O Bv C.XXO. ... ,„, E.n OK ^sows F.„.Hs. HS!n;;et:^;:^::^:;;^,::;--edDo.er^ to be not displeased I H '""' ^ J'^^>' y°" been beneficL t;/;:!"^-^^^^ ^^^ "ot you what is this benefit ;, "^ '^'' "^f'"-^-^' " Forsooth," sa d th. T ' '° ^°" " >'^^'-? " -ver;for'l rttafe ™'''-^^^ -ell I have had it T'"''' ''"^°^' ^-- know ve n.."l.'! [«'»-,or five years." ^And anon promoted :r:r;r:"^ ^^"? ^^'^^ ^^^" ^ '-e ^-d ^70:7"""^ '^^^^°^ ^-^^ to prebends, and for to be a La fa"' 'f ''" '""^^' >'^ "°^." sa d .°:,'?.^'^^"-" " ^^d o- chapel, supposing and "'rg t^^at'S f!:.?"'^ ""'''^ ^^^'^ '^ ' '^^^ >- efice " ^/^ T' ^7' thesim,jle priest shnnM n» 1 '^^"°'''' s^'d he, "but I wo^ , .1 / ' ^'^'"sooth," ^^ always an il^, ', " I" '^ '^^°-°^^d. but to me." « vVl ^ " 1 '' '"' ''^" "^^ ^^''^ priest So nfr ' ' ^''^ "^"•'*^' a parish worth?" «« ^ ^' , ''' ''*'' ""'^'^t shall it be nClhisdc^r^^^^^^^^^^^^ bade him "P..^^ / that other sure " An^i .1. , "" hereof I am took hi: siig^u ; bTtrha'^d"" i^^- '' ^"^ ^^-hed:^ d Th^'r/^^f ^1^^^ ^''^-^ ^-" " -here he d.dt ~4nd he .' ' "''^ ^''" ^"'^ take more heed fo • "" ''' '''' '^^"^■•' ^'^'^ P-i^V ;< Ho:^t jr ri ^^^ " ^" I ^e had done:^ Thl^In^^^nsw^-r ^''^" priest and an honest. A,.^ ,,_."'"'! '1^ ^ &o°d this parish," "How " .o-JV """' "'*'"' ■■■^" s-le priest or a n , '''' " ^''^ >'« ^'^^ ^ pi.est, 01 a parish priest?" "Mo^ „• ., said he, " for lark nf , f .. , ^' ^'r, able no wor hv i "' "'°"«'^ ^ '^^ ""^ worthy, I am jurson and curate of this priest and an honest AnH u ■ , 'I "' " f^"""" |y y say vnto yon, 'lyth; no, not in ". that many shal! "(J shall rest will, "le kyngdom of \ kingdom shall), ^nes, there shall,, Then Jesus said < and as thou hast his servaunt was ■ailed [lowered] son, I ])ray you 5ed ye had not '^' lie, "I pray you a year?" -man, "I wot s thereof, how ^■■s-" "And it worth ?-_it fo, forsooth," lall be worth t shall it be 'I do my true i" preaching nging to.niy And if their ly default, I liereof I am 'h dean was the better, iicfices than r of a good I finish this >e, William i ■ ■>»v >,«■ >»<■ >;<. ..;«. ^;v j.jx v^v'v;v-'>^^J4v'>jv t w^ I :.o iVr :^:) X ." strongly in one's ild age as it iid rone^Vuth/^'"" ""'''''' "" "^ |rKN the temple gates tinto my love, " Open them wide that she may enter in And nil M 'm ">V'",''' ''^"'■" ^' ^'"'h Lehove, And all the pillars deck with garlands trim, l-or to receive this saint with honour due. i nat Cometh in to you. With trembling steps, and humble reverence gie Cometh ,n, before the Almighty's view I' ^' her, ye virgins, learn obedience, vviien so ye come into those holy places, i ■■) hnmi)ie your proud faces : i^r.ng her „p to the high altar, that she may i he sacred ceremonies there partake, 1 he which do endless matrimony make : And let the roaring organs loudly i,lay 1 he praises of the Lord in lively notes : Ihe whiles, with hollow throats, 1 he choristers with joyous anthem sing, 1 hat all the woods may answer, and their echo ring AT THE ATTAR. From -TifE Epithalamion." ' IJehold, whiles she before the altar stands. Hearing the holy priest that to her speak , And blesseth her with his two haimy hands How the red roses flush up i„ her iheekr And the pure snow, with goodly vermeil'stain. I-ike crimson dyed in grain • ' That even the angels, which continually About the sacred altar do remain. l-orget their service, and about her fly. Oft peeping in her face, that seems more fair. The more they on it stare. ' liut her sad eyes, still fastened on the ground Are governtVl with goodly modesty. ^ ' 1 hat suffers not one look to glance awry. Why blush ye, love, to give tome your hand 1 he pledge of all our band ? Sing, ye sweet angels, alleliija sing, ihat all the woods may answer, and your echo ■•0^0— . |NE day, nigh .veary of the irksome way W Jrom her unhasty beast she did alight': And on the grass her dainty limbs did lav In secret shadow, far from all men's sight ^ From her fair head her fillet she undight,^ ' And laid her stole aside; her angel's face, As the great eye of heaven', shined hright And made a sunshine in the shady place f' Did never mortal eye behold such heavenly grace. It fortuned, out of the thickest wood A ramping lion rushed suddenly. Hunting full greedy after salvage blood boon as the royal virgin he did spy. With gaping mouth at her ran greedily To have at once devoured her tender corse: Hifil^ '""^y '''''^" ^^ ^'"^ ^'•^^^ "loi-e nigh, His bloody rage assuaged with remorse, ^ ' And, with the sight amazed, forgot his furious UNA AND THE IJON. From "The Faerie Queene," Hook I. Instead thereof he kissed her weary feet And licked her lily hands with fawning tongue As he her wronged innocence did vveet. ^ ' Oh how can beauty master the most strong, And simple truth subdue avenging wrong 1 Whose yielded prid.- and proud submission! . Still dreading death, when she had marked lon^ I Her heart 'gan melt in great compassion; ^' And dnzzhng tears did shed for pure affection. "The lion lord of every beast in field." Quoth she, "his I rincely puissance doth abai^ And might V proud •. humble^eak S.U°lw ' forgetful of the hungry rage which late^ ' Rnt^? P"'f''^' '" ^''y °^ ™y ^^ estate. But he, my lion, and my noble lord. hSTuJT ^^ ^"^ '" ""^^' '^^^'•' to hate Mft r '°^^d',?"d ever most adored ^" '^^'^ll'l'Py ^'^'^ Why hath he me ab- r'aiul, anionj^' )e some who ases one ais stands, si'faks, )y hands, heeks, rineil stain, lually %. more fair, ie ground, iwry, isound. 3ur hand id your echo eet, ning tongue, Jt, St strong, wrong I ssion, iark6d long, ion ; affection. I." doth abate, th yield, ate ite. late 3red he me ab- ms^^w^^m THE GREATEST ENGLISH POET. " He was the man who, of all modern and perhaps ancient poets, had the largest and most comprehensive soul. All the images of nature were still present to Inm, nnf parts, and hardly have it Stratford : ■nd Richard part of the y l/ o bore a Hamlet That he s thirty- perty in rs, from 3ut five *se with e when r Place, ground renient ,; to the country. In the fulness of his fame, with a handsome competency, and before age had chilled the enjoyment of life, the poet returned to his native town to spend the remamder of his days among the quiet scenes and the friends of his youth. Four years were spent by Shakespeare in this dignified retirement, and the history of literature scarce- ly presents another such pic- ture of calm felicity and satis- lied ambition." He was evidently a shrewd man of business, farming his own lands, disposing of their product, and looking to it that the purchasers paid what they owed ; for in 1604 we find him bringing action against one Philip Rogers for about forty- five dollars for" malt sold and delivered to him." He died somewhat sud- denly, in 1 61 6, of a fever, and was buried in the parish church, where a contemporary bust of him still exists, which must be regarded as the best- authenticated likeness of the poet. His wife survived him seven years. His only son, Ham net, died at the age of twelve ; his two daughters, Susanna and Judith, both married, and one of them had three sons, but they all died without issue, so that a quar- ter of a century after his death there was no living descendant of Shakespeare. Shakespeare must early have won a high place in the esteem of the most accom- plished noblemen of Queen Elizabeth's court, for as early as 1594 he dedicated his poem, the "Rape of Lucrece," to the Earl of Southampton, in terms which demonstrate the existence of mutual respect of a high degree between the author and his patron. It Is said that Southampton once presented Shakespeare with a sum of money equivalent to twenty-five thousand dollars In our day, but of this Actor and Author. David Garrick and the Bust of Shakespeare. \ .^ :\\ 46 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. there is no conclusive evidence Tf- • life Jq"; ,P™'l"':''ve literary we can date ,t, covers tlie twenty years preceding ,62 when at the ag^e of fo„^-e|ht' he retired to his native Straf ford-on-Avon, after ^hich we cordi'ft7.r'aVrr-^- verspllt o ^"^,s^^ but um- ber dm '^'"^ ^""°"' ""n^- Der thirty-seven. TJiere is nn sition of any otiiers. He un doubtedly availed Smse"f' omewhatof the work^l hTstori J ""r'"^^'^' ^"^ '■" his nistorica] plays made Jarp-e use le historral o„^i:„„_ , ^^ "^^ FOU.T.,, .,, Clock T.nvr. ERKCTEn bv Geo W r„ bTRATFORD-ON-AvON " ^"'^^^ ^T scenes in '• Richard 111 "*'' ""'^ ^ fe" years ■ anr,o,r ?t ^atin of Hector and Illustr Famfeof I '''^P'-oductions from "The u2 °^ ^^'"ost dramatic , , The dates ortirp^oXr; ^^thlt^'" '' E^^^"" Ha 1.°' *^ ^'^ ^o^'e -d^.Z\X-'£ *- P7^K i?rr„™;f--? ™rWonjectt,ral . although play and " Cymbeline " •, ,°f **= '^'"^' ■ *^t " Romeo and m"? °^ *<^ ^=»^l'«'. «ore, hud beer™, "f.,.„^.="?™S-. Twelve plavs " T?.".''.!"^ .«?= an eari; - ...d^.^. ,«ore .i.a,'™ '^nder SSll'" " ""1" ""''' ^".5/™" '"""■ I >vo„id all .hem?eT4;72;;,, t°;j;* <- ■*'-- THE WITCHES. ON-AVON. :i;i A dark cave. I„ ,, ..i^dle a caldron r,"'"''" ^^' '''' ''""' ^ ^.//■^>'// ./ '; ^ "''^^°" bo,l,ng. Thunder. ft the poisoned « 'anMh™t' "^"*°" «° ' % o^b: ' "?? ,'"="' f'oe. WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. 49 DEATH OF QUEEN KATHERINE. fall thick in blessings on "Henry VIII,' Kath. Sir, I most humbly pray you to deliver iTIus to my lord the King. Cap- Most willing, madam. Kath. In which I have commended to his goodness [The model of our chaste loves, his young daugh- ter: I The dews of heaven her! — [Beseeching him to give her virtuous breeding; [ (She is young, and of a noble, modest nature ; I hope she will deserve well ;) and a little To love her for her mother's sake, that loved him, Heaven knows how dearly. My next poor petition Is, that his noble grace would have some pity Upon my wretched women, that so long Have followed both my fortunes faithfully: Of which there is not one, I dare avow, (And now l should not lie,) but will deserve, For virtue, and true beauty of the soul. For honesty, and decent carriage, A right good husband, let him be a noble; And, sure, those men a^e happy that shall have them. The last is, for my men ; — they are the poorest. But poverty could never draw them from me ; — That they may have their wages duly paid them. Ad IV, Scene 4. And something over to remember me by ; If heaven had pleased to have given me longer life, And able means, we had not parted thus. These are the whole contents: — And, good my lord, By that you love the dearest in this world, As you wish Christian peace to souls dejjarted, Stand these poor people's friend, and urge the king To do me this last right. Cap. By heaven, I will ; O.- let me lose the fashion of a man ! Kath. I thank you, honest lord. Remember me In all humility unto his highness: Say, his long trouble now is passing Out of this world : tell him, in death I blessed him, For so I will. — Mine eyes grow dim. — Farewell, My lord. — Griffith, farewell. — Nay, I'atience, You must not leave me yet. I must to bed ; Call in more women. — When I am dead, good wench. Let me be used with honor ; strew me over With maiden flowers, that all the world may know I was a chaste wife to my grave : embalm me. Then lay me forth: although unqueened, yet like A queen, and daughter to a king, inter me. I can no more. .O^O.' THE POWER OF IMAGINATION. " A Midsummer Night's I never may believe These antique fables, nor these fairy toys. Lovers and madmen have such seething brains. Such shaping fantasies, that apprehend More than cool reason ever comprehends. The lunatic, the lover, and the poet, Are of imagination all compact : One sees more devils than vast hell can hold — That is the madman : the lover, all as frantic. Sees Helen's beauty in a brow of Egypt : The poet's eye, in a fine frenzy rolling, Dream," Act V, Scene 1. Doth glance from heaven to earth, from earth to heaven. And, as imagination bodies forth The forms of things unknown, the poet's pen Turns them to shapes, and gives to airy nothing A local habitation and a name. Such tricks hath strong imagination. That, if it would but apprehend some joy, It comprehends some bringer of that joy; Or, in the night, imagining some fear, How easy is a bush supposed a bear I Over hill, over dale. Thorough bush, thorough brier, Over park, over pale. Thorough Jood, thorough fire, I do wander everywhere. Swifter than the moon's sphere; As I serve the fairy queen, •0^0. THE FAIRY TO PUCK, "Midsummer Night's Dream," Act II, Scene i. To dew her orbs upon the green : The cowslips tall her pensioners be; In their gold coats spots you see; Those be rubies, fairy favors, Tn those freckles live their savors : I must go seek some dew-droi)s here, And hang a pearl in every cowslip's ear. 50 WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. t A Cowslip's Bell I Lie." ARIEL'S SONG. Where the bee sucks th 'T"' ''''"'''''" ""'' "' ■^^-' '• After summer merrilj... bough. ^' '^"^^^"^ '^^-^ hangs on the '•O^.. OBERON' "A Midsummer Night's _ ""o„™„tR JNIGHT .. '£i:?t: ^"^'' -- Either: Thou re. Uttering such duE anH"jf '^^^P'^'"'^ '^^'^k. Jhat thi rude sea grew civ'raTh"'""^ '^^^^h, And certain stars .h^^ ^ ^' h^'" ^ong : Toj-ear .he seS^Ja^lrS *■""" "■"-•»-». At a fair vestal thf !^ , " ^"" ^^ took S VISION. I5«HAM," Act IT, Scene ,. Quenched in thf. ^u . , ^ moon; ''^^ ''^^'^ beams of the watery It Jell upon a Ihtle we e I fl "' ^"P'^ ^^" •' Before, milk-white ^ower,— , wound; "'' """'' P">-Pje with love's Fetch"^f?h^r;!j''°^^--"--^'-ess. me^tha. ilower; the herb I showed thee WiuCkelt^^^^f"^ eyelids laid, Upon the next Hve crituT.r^''^' ^°^« Fetch me this herh ^ ^ [^ ^^^^ '' sees. Ere the lev.'Th'n can .vim'' \'"" ""''' ^g--> /'«^>6. I'll nut a^?rH ^ '^''Sue. In forty min'.L". ^ ^"^^^^^ ^ound about the earth WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. gX FALL OF CARDINAL WOLSEY. " Henry VIII," Act III, Scene a. Cromwelrr' ^°'''^' ""^^^ '''' '^'" ^'""^ '^' ^^'"'' °^ "'°'^ ^"^' *"' ^°>il°q"i^". and afterward confers with his servant IVb/sej. Farewell, a long farewell, to all my greatness ! This is the state of man ; to-day he puts forth The tender leaves of hope ; to-morrow blossoms, And bears his blushing honors thick upon him : The third day comes a frost, a killing frost; And, — when he thinks, good easy man, full surely His greatness is a ripening, — nips his root, And then he falls, as I do. I have ventured, Like little wanton boys that swim on bladders, This many summers in a sea of glory ; But far beyond my depth : my high-l;lown pride At length broke under me ; and now has left me, Weary, and old with service, to the mercy Of a rude stream, that must forever hide me. Vain pomp, and glory of this world, I hate ye ; [ feel my heart now open'd : O, how wretched Is that poor man that hangs on princes' favors ! There is, betwixt that smile he would asi)ire to, That sweet aspect of princes, and their ruin, More pangs and fears than wars or women have ; And when he falls, he falls like Lucifer, Never to hope again, — Enter Cromwell, amazedly. Why, how now, Cromwell ? Crom. I have no power to speak, sir. Wot. What, amazed at my misfortunes ; can thy spirit wonder A great man should decline ? Nay, and you weep, I am fallen indeed. Crom. How does your grace ? Wol. Why, well J Never so truly happy, my good Cromwell. I know myself now ; and I feel within me A peace above all earthly dignities, A still and quiet conscience. The king has cured me, I humbly thank his grace ; and from these shoul- ders. These ruin'd pillars, out of pity, taken A load would sink a navy, too much honor : O 'tis a burden, Cromwell, 'tis a burden, Too heavy for a man that hopes for heaven. Crom. I am glad your grace has made that right use of it. Wol. I hope I have j I am able now, methinks (Out of a fortitude of soul I feel), Tn endure more miseries, and greater far. Than my weak-hearted enemies dare offer. What news abroad ? Crom. That Cranmer is return'd with welcome. Install'd lord archbishop of Canterbury. Wol. That's news indeed. Crom. Last, that the Lady Anne, Whom the king hath in secrecy long married, This day was view'd in open, as his queen, Going to chapel ; and the voice is now Only about her coronation. Wol. There was the weight that puU'd me down. O Cromwell, The king has gone beyond me ; all my glories In that one woman I have lost forever : No sun shall ever usher forth mine honors, Or gild again the noble troops that waited Ui))n my smiles. Go, get thee from me, Crom- well J I am a \>oox fallen man, unworthy now To be thy lord and master : Seek the king ; That sun I pray may never set 1 I have told him What, and how true thou art; he will advance thee ; Some little memory of me will stir him, (I know his noble nature) not to let Thy hopeful service perish, too : Good Cromwell, Neglect him not ; make use now, and provide For thine own future safety. Crom. O my lord, Must I then leave you ? Must I needs forego So good, so noble, and so true a master? Bear witness, all that have not hearts of iron, With what a sorrow Cromwell leaves his lord. — 'rhe king shall have my service ; but my prayers Forever, and forever, shall be yours. Wol. Cromwell, I did not think to shed a In all my miseries ; but thou hast forced me. Out of thy honest truth, to play the woman. Let's dry our eyes; and thus far hear Cromwell ; And,— when I am forgotten, as I shall be. And sleep in dull cold marble, where no mention Of me more must be heard of,— say, I taught thee ; Say, Wolsey, — that once trod the ways of glory, And sounded all the depths and shoals of honor,— Found thee a way, out of his wreck, to rise in ; A sure and safe one, though thy master miss'd it. Mark but my fall, and that that ruin'd me. Cromwell, I charge thee, fling away ambition ; By that sin fell the angels; how can man, then. The image of h;5 Maker, hope lu win by*t? Love thyself last : cherish those hearts that hal^ thee; , tear me. 53 ^^"'tS;Srr'^^^- 'honesty, ^ft all tlie end3 tho/ t; 't ^, J"''^' ^"^^ ^^-^ar not WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. Had r ,''""^-^'' " ""'• ^" ^—11. "Come Ap.ce. GooDlanKEvTl ^^77^^^^^^^^ TOUCHSTONE AND AUDREY , ^-'^^. Come apace, good Audr^ T" "^"^ '''" ''"^^^' •^-'-^- ' -""fJ. iove-is they do fefgn. "" '"' '"^ ™^^ ^^ said as ^Wgrii-:-: WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. 53 ve, my robe, O CroniweJl, 'lie zeal line age ,,^1^^,% rward dead v'y. I IS it the ;try, i as j4u(f. Do you wish, then, that the gods had made me jjoetical ? Touch, I do, truly ; for thou swearest to me thou art honest; now, if tliuu wert a poet, I might have some hope thou didst feign. And. Would you not have me honest ? Touch, No, truly, unless thou wert hard- favored ; for honesty coupled to beauty is to have honey a sauce to sugar. Auii. Well, I am not fair ; and therefore I pray the gods make me honest. Touch, Well, jjraised he the gods. But be it as it may be, I will marry thee, and to that end I have been with Sir Oliver Martext, the vicar of the next village, who hath promised to meet me in this place of the forest and to couple us. Aud. Well, the gods give us joy 1 THE SEVEN AGES. "As You Like It," Act II, Scene 7. The banished duke, with Jaques and other lords, are in the forest of Arden, sitting at their plain repast. Orlando, who has been wandering in the forest in i|uest of food for an old servant, Adam, who can "go no further," sudT Brutus, as you know, was Caesar's angel : Judge, O you gods, how dearly Caesar lov'd hira I This was the most unkindest cut of all ; For, when the noble Caesar saw him stab. Ingratitude, more strong than traitors' arms. Quite vanquish'd him: then burst his mighty heart ; And, in his mantle muffling up his face, Even at the base of Pom[)ey's statue. Which all the while ran blood, great Ca:sar fell. O, what a fall was there, my coimtrymen I Then I, and you, and all of us fell down, Whilst bloody treason flourish'd over us. O, now you weep ; and, I perceive, you feel The dint of pity : these are gracious drops. Kind souls, what ! weep you, when you but behold Our Caesar's vesture woiuided ? Look you here. Here is himself, marr'd, as you see, with traitors. Good friends, sweet friends, let me not stir you up To such a sudden flood of mutiny. They that have done this deed are honorable : AVhat private griefs they have, alas ! I know not. That made them do it ; they are wise and honor- able. And will, no doubt, with reasons answer you. I come not, friends, to steal away your hearts: I am no orator, as Brutus is ; But, as you know me all, a ])lain blunt man, That love my friend ; and that they know full well That pave me public leave to speak of him. For I iiave neither wit, nor words, nor worth. Action, nor utterance, nor the power of speech, To stir men's blood : I only speak right on ; I tell you that wliich you yourselves do know, Show you sweet Caesar's wounds, poor, poor d imL mouths, Aini bid them speak for me: but, were I Bruius^ And Brutus Antony, there were an Antony Wouid rumc up your spirits, and put a tongtie In every wound of Caesar, that should move The stones of Rome to rise and mutiny. Ilwl 56 W'LLIAM SIUKESPKARE. SHVLOCK AND ANTONIO .^ i)olooL/ "'"'''''« '^^^'"ing publican H<-* 'ends o t 1 '"*^ «"''i'li( ity J' I can catch hini onr . "!'" ^<^"'ce. I will feed iat 1 1 , n ^ '^'"" ^''« ^ip, He hates ouf sac edn;';"' ^""^«« ^ '''^ar him Even there wS ,"'""' '^"'^ ^^ '"'^'Is. J^f.ch he calls Lte;;r^"C,t'-°" t^Sftf ^'' If I forgive him. "^'' '' ^e my tribe -,--/.ucuio, a loan. _, day lastf • ^°" -^" «" ">« on Wednes. £2nKe^-'-^5.;^anothertime To1So^n^KS„'^-''''- so again. J/ thou wilt lend S s' '° ''^"? ''^^'^ '"o- As to thy friends .rl"^>'''^"'J ■' "ot A breed'for Srten m tlu? ?*'/^'"^^'^'"P '^"^e fl'it lend it rather L n ^" '^'"^"^ ? JVho, if he break t^,r '"' ^"'■''">'- i^xact the penalty! "''^''^•'' ^^''h better face I wotid K-ienS ^hh ''"^' >'"" ^'"^"^ ' , ^-^-' the shamls" trvou"1 '""'^ ^-- ^-e. -S-t- Methough you said V • SmJ''^' " ''"'"'^ '^^ borrow ^ ^°" '^"^ 3^°" "either lend nor Of ^'>' >'°"'" Present wants and tnV Pon advantage. ^^ "•'*""^« '"«'• my moneys ai^.^ "m^"'"' '^w/. f I -r... '"'^•" ^ ' >""^' not hear ci.. «r. .^ <^Jo never tis*. ;* Th s ;« i„\,j r rr ^^^ borrow Upon advantage. -%• When T^'^""«^eruseit. .4ee;>r" J^^°^ ^^«-d his uncle Laban's •^^:t?^k:tX^;^^-keinterestP T,. say, '""^«t. not, as you would fe'!rsn:rtothT^^'"^j-°^^'-<^- And thrift irbleSitif 'nf"'^ ^^ ^''' ^est; ^«/. M f''^'"^"s^ealitnot The devil can ciSh? "'?' ^'^•^^'»"'o,' i A — "^ 'leart. About m;to4;a;r''^^^'"^ Still have I borne itt 17 "'""^^^ ' For sufferance I th' ? ^ ''^"'""' ^^rug, J- call m^m^S ev:'S,^uf,h'" -'V^''^' And s,)it upon my Te,Wsh f ,'1 !;°^' ^""S, And all for ik^p JJ, gaberdine, Well tketiTLVLt:^''''' '■« "^'-"^ own. "Shu' !hen; y^u^^Tto^r S 7 '^''^ '• Vo^ffii J^^S^ou'jT -"^^"^^^ so . And foot me as yo, s rn a"? ""^°" '"^^ ^^4 ' Over your threshold ■ ^ stranger cur What should i ay to v-°> %V' y"""' «"-t- " Hath a dog r^onev ? ^ f^ ^^""^^ ^ "°' ^ay, A cur can lend thr2 lu '' Possible ^' an lend three thousand ducats? "or me; This is kind I offer. Z"- ''""'^ --e kindness. Express'd n s'^h '^ ".""? "'^ ^"'"« as are BenominalX^requal',.^^'/'''^^-'-' Of your fair flesh tl T ^'"'"^ Jn what par ofy'oTr bod"" T^'' ""^ ''^^en . f ^^- Content^' "faih^r/l"'-'^'/'^ "''=• And say there is m, ch kindnlf '' 'V"^'' ^ bond, ^«^^. You shall not ?.nf? '" '^ J^^^- me. ■"'gn to such a bond for Vi "vh "^1-' '■" »^y necessity. Within thes^nt'nShr tLl-"'" "°^ '^^''^'^ 't : This bond expires^I do ^ner "" '"""''^ '^^'"ore Of thr ce threp tm,., .i. ^^P^ct return •^^7. O fathe 'Tbr ";: t^ .°^''^''^ b""d- WK ^''' ' ^^'- '^''' Christians ►Vnose own htrri ^„ i- The thoughts or'olhtT '?ra'" '^"^ ^-P^<^' \f he should break his dav ^?/?'?' ^f""^^ »his? A pound of man 's flesh taken f '^ ''"'^ ^ g^'" ? Js not so estimable nrofil^n '^'°"' ^ ""an As flesh of munons T , '^^ neither. To buy his TZrl\^,Z^ Z'T- ' '^y If he will take it J.-P '"^ ^'-'endship: And, for my loie jLf "°*' «d'^" •' >/«/ v„/ oV. .' ^.Pray you wmn^ ,^.. _ .. -- '"-^^'-J^.IwillseaIumo^-^;;„, WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. '4V I'skcy, e on VVednes. ■r time curtesies too. not f'ship take etter face If ^'oiir Jove, tain'd me doit ' not hear how. Shy. Then meet me Iienceforth at the notary's ; Give him directions for this money bond, And I will go and purse the ducats straight; See to my house, left in the fearful guard Of an unthrifty knave, and preseiui) I will be with you. [/ixi/.'\ Ant. Hie ihee, gentle Jew. The Hebrew will turn Christian . he grows kinci '•04O" HAMLET'S SOLILOQUY ON DKATH. " Hamlkt," Ait III, Sunt I. Ham. To be, or not to be, that is the question : Whether 'tis nobler in the mind to suffer The slings and arrows of outrageous fortune, Or to take arms against a sea of troubles. And by opposi tig end them ? To die, — to sleep, — No more ; and, by a shep, to say we end The heart-ache, and the thousand natural shocks That flesh is heir to, — 'tis a consummation Devoutly to be wished. To die, — to sleep ; — To sleep I perchance to dream; — ay, there's the rub; For in that sleep of death what dreams may come, When we have shuffled off this niortp' ^.ot;, Must give us pause: there's the resp 'cX, That makes calamity of so long lif : Fur who would bear the whips and ;co isoftii ?, The oppressor's wrong, the proua uun's c".i- tumely, The pangs of disprizcd love, the law's delay. The insolence of otlicc, and the spun That patient merit of the unwurthy takes, When he himself might his quu us make With a bare bodkin ? Who would these fardels bear, To grunt and sweat under a weary life ; Hut that the dread of something after death, The undiscovered country, frftm whose bourn No traveler returns, puzzles the will ; And makes us rather bear those ills wo have, Than fly to others that we know not ut ? Thus conscience does make cowards of us all ; And thus the native hue of resolution Is sicklied o'er with the pale cast of thought ; And enterprises of great pith and moment. With this regard, their currents turn awry, And lose the name of action. "O^Ox Jt a bond, V. and for feit it : before istians 'Ct this? un? Id HAMLET AND THE GHOST. " Hamlet," Act I, Scene 4. Enter Ghost. ffor. Look, my lord, it comes 1 Ham. Angels and ministers of grace defend us!— Be thou a spirit of health, or goblin damned. Bring with thee airs from heaven, or blasts from hell. Be thy intents wicked, or charitable, Thou comest in such a questionable shape, That I will speak to thee ; I'll call thee, Hamlet, King, father, royal Dane : O, answer me : Let me not burst in ignorance ! but tell. Why thy canonized bones, hearsed in death, Have burst their cerements ! why the stpulchre. Wherein we saw thee quietly in-urned. Hath oped his ponderous and marble jaws, To cast thee up again ! What lay this mean, That thou, dead corse, again, in complete steel, R.eyisit'st tHiis tHs '^limi^Kcs oT tHs nioon Making night hideous; and we fools of nature, So horridly to shake our disposition, With thoughts beyond the reaches of our souls? Say, why is this ? wherefore ? what should we do? Hor. It beckons you to go away with it. As if it some impartment did desire To you alone. Mar. Look, with what courteous action It wafts you to a more removed ground : But do not go with it. Hor. No, by no means. Ham. It will not speak ; then will I follow it. Hor. Do not, my lord. Ham. It watts me still : — Go on, I'll follow thee. Where wilt thou lead me? speak, I'll go no further. Ghost. Mark me. Ham. I will. Ghost. My hour is almost come, Vvhen I to sulnhurous and torrt'ientir*'^ fl.imes Must render up myself. Ham. Alas, poor ghost 1 i. 1 58 WILLIAM fel hear. ^''"" '" '-enge, .-hen tho„ shalt ^'^>"- Whal? SHAKESPEARE. Would harrow ud fh,, ,^ " ,&r -^' ^^^ ^-- «-. .0. .he' f/^-ii'parS,:r&^^^-opar, '^'" ears of flesh ''''?, '""^t "ot lo ^ list I '■'"'^ '^'"od :-r ist M , ^' f'O'i didst ever fhv i . ^^'-'- O helJen 1"^ '^''^ '^^"^^■'- '°ve,- U/iosf. Re ventre hU r , ■nurther. ^' '^'^ '^^"'' ^"ci most „nnat„ral It is The " J ^Me of „,os, disas,ro„s chances ^''"°^'"«-'''-'^t, flood „:;;'ie.d. r^yi-tent , rave, and rever.n^i^'^^^'^ ^^^^^NG. 'tTS:; ?;:;::!,f"l'^'^:;:;dSS' / "-'^ "^'^ -ten. ^ no .ore P „ ^ daughter '' "' ^^'^^ ^^is old nS ^„^ .,^Peech. '"--• R"de ..„, , ,„ most true; true r hn ^^"d little |,ie.s.s'd with n, r •'" '^e tented field, """"'"^ am r And little More than And there In sjjeakii patiei I will a ro Of my wh charn What conj For such f I won Ills I Bra. Of spirit s Blush'd at Of years, i To fall ii on ! it is a jiidt That will { Against all To find on Why this s That with Or with so He wrough Duke. Without m Than these Of moderr First Se, Did you h) Subdue anc Or came it As soul to 1 Duke. ; Othello. Still (]ucsti( From > ear That I havi T ran it thr To the vtri WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE. 59 ^ "iv voung 't from their And little of this great world can I speak, More than pertains to feats of broil and l)attlc, And therefore little shall 1 grace my cause In speaking for myself. Yet, by your gracious patience, I will a round unvarnish'd tale deliver Of my whole course ot love; what drugs, what charms. What conjuration and what mighty magic, For such proceeding 1 am charged withal, I won his daughter. ■Bra. A maiden never bold ; Of sjjjrit so still and (piiet, tiiat her motion Blush'd at herself; and she, in spite of nature, Of years, of country, credit, everything, To fall in love with what she fear'd to look on ! It is a judgment maini'd and most imperfect That will confess ])erfection so could err Against all rules of nature, and must be driven To find out practices of cunning hell. Why this should be. I therefore vouch again That with some mixtures powerful o'er the blood, Or with some dram conjured to this effect, He wrought upon her. puke. To vouch this, is no proof, Without inore wider or more overt test Than these thin habits and poor likelihoods Of modern seeming do ])refer against him. J<^irsf Sen. ]5ut, Othello, speak ; Did you by indirect and forced courses Subdue and poison this young maid's affections? Or came it by re(]uest and such fair cpiestion As soul to soul affordeth ? Duke. Say it, Othello. Othello. Her father lov'd me ; oft invited me ; Still question'd me the story of my life, From year to year, the battles, sieges, fortimcs. That I have pass'd. I ran it through, even from my boyish davs, To the very moment that he bade me tellit: Wherein I spake of most disastrous chances, Of moving accidents by flood and field ; Of hair-breadth 'scapes i' the imminent deadly breach ; Of being taken by the insolent foe. And sold to slavery; of my redemption thence, And importance in my travel's history : Wherein of antres vast, and deserts idle, Rough quarries, rocks and hills whose heads touch heaven. It was my hint to speak, — such was the ])rocess; And of the Cannibals that each other eat. The Anthropophagi, and men whose heads Do grow beneath their shoulders. This to hear Would Desdemona seriously incline. Hut still the house-affairs would draw her thence: Which ever as she could with haste despatch, She'Id come again, and with a greedy ear I )evour up my discourse : which I observing, ^rook once a pliant hour, and found good means To draw from her a prayer of earnest heart That I would all my ])ilgrimage dilate. Whereof by jiarrels she had something heard, Hut not intenti :ly: I did consent, And often did beguile her of her tears. When I did speak of some distressful .stroke I'hat my youth suffer'd. My story being done, She gave me for my pains a world of sighs: She swore, — it faith, 't .vas strange, 't was passing strangL , 'T was i)itiful, 't was wondrous pitiful : She wish'd she had not heard it; yet she wish'd 'I'hat Heaven had made her such a man : she thank'd me ; And bade me, if f had a friend that loved her, 1 should but teach him how to tell my story, And that would woo her. Upon this hint I spake ; She l(jved me for the dangers I had passed, And I loved her that she did pitv them. This only is the witchcraft I have used. A I THE CO ^^^ JONSON. ?"d an7„Sna?'r''--^^«^''b?Jr ^'''' '^''''''^ °^ SHAKESPEARE. ' '-e of le^rnLgS^d^^'h-" f°"- ''- .So?rb'''!'f^^P-- worK by recast np- old nio, ""^^ over a du-l M« , "'*^ "^t succeed nc . •if? ^" "■ .' Srw"" » «"~ S' r "" '•■2 * BEN JONSON. 61 CUPID. EAUTIES, have ye seen this toy, Called love ! a little boy Almost laked, wanton, blind, Cruel now, and then as kind? If he be amongst ye, say ! He is Venus' runaway. He hath of marks about him plenty, You shall know him among twenty: All his body is a fire, And his breath a flame entire. That, being shot like lightning in. Wounds the heart, but not the skin. He doth bear a golden bow. And a quiver, hanging low. Full of arrows, that outbrave Dian's shafts, where, if he have Any head more sharp than otiier, With that first he strikes his mother. Trust him not : his words, though sweet, Seldom with his heart do meet, All his practice is deceit. Every gift is but a bait : Not a kiss but poison bears, And most treason in bis tears. If by these ye please to know him. Beauties, be not nice, but siiow him. Though ye had a will to hide him. Now, we hope, ye' 11 not abide him. Since ye hear his falser play, And that he's Venuo' runaway. ■•0^0. • HYMN TO CYNTHIA. [||UEEN and huntress, chaste and fair, Now the sun is laid to sleep. Seated in thy silver chair. State in wonted manner keep : Hesperus entreats thy light, Goddess, excellently bright. Earth, let not thy envious shade Dare itself to interpose; Cynthia's shining orb was maue Heaven to clear, when day did close Bless us then with wished sight. Goddess, excellently bright. Lay thy bow of pearl apart. And thy crystal shining quiver j Give unto the flying heart Space to breathe, how short soever : Thou that mak'st a day of night, Goddess, excellently bright. ••o4o>' SONG.— TO CELIA. RINK to me only with thine eyes, And I will pledge with mine ; Or leave a kiss but in the cup, And I'll not look for wine. The thirst that from the soul doth rise, Doth ask a drink divine ; But might I of Jove's nectar sup, I would not change for thine. I sent thee late a rosy wreath, Not so much honoring thee. As giving it a hope, that there It could not withered be. But thou thereon didst only breathe. And sent'st it back to me ; Since when it grows, and smells, I swear, Not of itself but thee. ■•©♦O"' ON LUCY, COUNTESS OF BEDFORD. jHIS morning, timely rapt with holy fire, 1 thought to form unto my zealous muse, What kind of creature I could most desire To honor, serve, and love, as Poets use. I meant to make her fair, and free, and wise, Of greatest blood, and yet more good than great ; I meant the day-star should not brighter rise, Nor lend like influence from his lucent seat. I meant she should be courteous, facile, sweet. Hating that solemn vice of greatness — pride ; I meant each softest virtue there should meet, Fit in that softer bosom to reside. Only a learned and manly soul I purposed her : that should, with even powers, The rock, the spindle, and the shears control Of Destiny, and srijn her own free hours. Such, when I meant to feign, and wished to «ce. My Muse bade Bedford, write, and that was she' JOHN MILTON THE IMMORTAL AUTHOR OF ..p^KVm.. ^AR above all the n r '^°''^-" / tion, and sublim.'M^^'^- ? ^'^ o^n arre nnr' • t ^^%^I'sJ. iitemtu"j^>';J'^f°"/ an -qua! 'ird^e Jri""'"^' '"^'^n ' ^'-n. i^ecember 9 g " fr^^" ^^'^^«"- He jj^'^' '"^^.^^e of as we would sav .^ * ^''^ father, who L ^'"'"'^ "^ Lon- conscience- sake d "Tf ^^"^^'•' ^"^ wl o h- J ^ "'''"'^^"en or the bulwark r°f ^^''^''°"s t^e^dom^:^^^ ".>gl«;nsl„>e. hL"?'.:/'"'' '«d purchas.rl ° ll^J°"'<= of his fe,h„™.',. '''?'"; i Iff at M assiduity to tL f • P"""^^ ^ school in J " I ^'^''^"er in the Inam-.,v; ^ ^i°'^^s^ nintivvpalf- ^^ JOHN MILTON. For ten years Milton's eyesight had been failing, owing to the " 3ies and midnight watchings " of his youth. The last remains of it v 63 stud.es and midnight watch ngs " of his youth. The fist rem^ains of it wTre sacn^ heed m the conipos.tion of h.s " Defensio Populi " (Defense of the People of Fn- °^ those '^Xomos' dKstinctly see. Though I am more than forty-fivo years old, there is scarcely any one to whom I do not appear ten years younger than I really am " Milton was a Puritan, but not of that narrow-minded, ascetic variety whose peculiarities we usually connect with the name. When Charles II came to the th;one ,t was to be expected that Milton would be one of those for whom there would be no niercy. He had been accessory, both before and after the fact to the execution of Charles I, and had filled an important post underCrlweli His name, however, was not on the long list of those excluded from the benefits of the rhe h^lln 7"''^' ^l r^"u'Sr' Pybl'^l^ed' «" August, 1 66o, he emerged from the hiding-place in which he had been for some time concealed H.s prose writings pertained to the political and theological questions of his T'Anefro''\n7..ri% ^^'''""'^ His beaudful odes to mirth and melancholy. L Allegro and "11 Penseroso"; the " Masque of Comus." prepared for what we would call an amateur theatrical entertainment; his "Sanison Agonistes"- his "Hymn to the Nativity,' and, above all, the "Paradise Lost." continue to be studied by every lover of noble literature. ^^nuuue 10 oe We should not, however, allow our admiration for Milton's poetry to cause us to forget his services to the cause of civil and religious liberty. It is not to be expected that m.ny people wil ever read his tracts against the pretensions of the Church, justifying the execution of the king, or even the powerful argument by which he attempted to prevent the recall of the Stuarts and to perpetuate the Com ""'"," " '• ; --'^"»='"-" ~ uciui. ihcir pnraseoiog* >rems to us stilter' d the style antiquated and verbose, but if we will remember the changes which , v-j cen- ' ^1 64 JOHN MILTON. tuner and a half I . appreciate th,- 't" a liquid plain her ' f "'' '^"''^^d ^"reas ti e ev.a ./> V' ^ "^ unmoved, On the green bank, to o k 1 ""VJ"" ^'' ^^^^n Smooth ake thif /,, ^ .'*' '''^ <^"^->r As I bent down to tok f'^ ^ ^"°^'^^'- ^^-■ A sliape within the w^t' ■"'' "''P"^'^^ ^"cling to look on nt ^^r^^'"'"^ ^P"^''^'-'^^- It started Imck bn, . ?• ^ff'"''' ^^<^^- P'ea^ed it returiVd ' '' "'"'''^ ^ ■''°^'" '^'"^'n',! EVE'S ACCOUxNT OF TIfrD r^^ „ Ul- IffTR CREATION i^ARA^iSE Lost, /^ ••o*o, Whose uioage tho" .-/ ' X^'nt^'att:,; he Insepara.Siv^th ne ■ i .'''"V'^"" ^'^^It erjoy M"ltiuKicshkrth;sel ':",^'^^''f^'-'^'- Mother .rhu4n::!-'"tV'^"'^'^'^^«'''d May I «„r»'>,P"'"" "-"ernal beam light, '"'"■ ""-■= ""Ktaed? s,„™c„j j^ ""01.7™; e;'i;:',';"y'»;-»-'"'."'«'^f' V.th other notes than to he n'','''"''^"'^-^'* ''^^ne. ^ «"n^ of Chaos and "f. , ' \?^[f '«» 'ye, be able to ^^'i purpose tliougju of ^'•■Jy of his ised Print- le subject, e value of JOHN MILTON. 6s aught by the heavenly Muse to venture down I he dark descent, and uj) to reascend Though hard and rare: thee 1 revisit safe And leel thy sovran vital lamp; but thou' Revisit'st not these eyes, that roll in vain 'lo find thy piercing ray, and find no dawn ; So thick a drop serene hath (lucnch'd tiieir orbs. Or dim suffusion veil'd. Yet not the more Cease 1 to wander where the Muses haunt Clear spring, or shady grove, orsunnv hill Smit with the love of sacred song ; bu't chief Ihee, hion, and the flowerv brooks beneath rhat wash thy hailow'd feet, and warbling flow, Nightly I visit : nor sometimes forget Those other two e(|uall'd with me in fate So were I equall'd with them in renown,' Hlind Thamyris and blind xMasonides, And Tiresias, and I'hinciis, prophets old' 'I'hen feed on thoughts, that voluntary move Harmonious numbers; as the wakehil bird Sings darkling, and in shadiest covert hid 1 unes her nocturnal note. Thus with the year Seasons return ; but not to me returns Day, or the sweet approach of even or morn. Or sight of vernal bloom, or summer's rose, Ur f1(.cks, or herds, or human face divine • Hut cloud instead, and ever-dtiring dark Surrounds me, fn.m the cheerful wavs of men Cr off, and (or the book of knowledge fair I csented with a universal blank Ot nature's works, to me expunged and rased. And wisd(mi at one entrance <|uite shut out. So much the rather thou, celestial Light Shine inward, and the mind through all her powers Irradiate; there plant eyes; all mist from thenc 1 urge and disperse, that I mav see and tell Ut things invisible to mortal sight. '•O^O. FROM L'ALLEGRO. " r'loin hflwixl iwn .iRtil oaks Where Coryduii and Tliyrsis meU"~V/l//<-^ro. IWJA.STE thee, Nymph, and bring with thee PSj .Jest and youthful Jollity, Quips ana Cranks, and wanton Wiles, Nods and Becks, and wreathed Smiles, Such as hang on Hebe's cheek. And love to live in dimple sleek; Si)ort that wrinkled care derides. And laughter holding both his sides. Come, and trip it, as you go, On the light fantastic toe; And in thy right hand lead with thee I lie mountain-nymph, sweet Liberty j And, if I give thee honordue, Mirth, admit me of thy crew. To live with her, and live wit'h thee, In nnreproved pleasures free. To hear the lark begin his flight. And singing startle the dull Night, I'rom his watch-tower in the skies, I'lll the dappled Dawn doth rise ; Then to come in spite of sorrow. And at my window bid good morrow. Through the sweet-brier or the vine, Or the twisted eglantine : While the cock, with livdv din, Scatters the rear of darkness thin. And to the stack or the barn door Stoutly struts his dames before. And ever, against eating cares, l-ap me in soft Lvdian airs, Married to immortal verse ; Such as the meeting soul may pierce In notes, with many a winding bout Of; hnk.id c..veetp,css long drawn out. With wanton heed and giddy cunning; Ihe melting voice through mazes running. ¥ 66 Of heaped Elysian flowers, and hear JOHN MILTON. Such trams as would have won the ear hIuT' '° ''^^^ ^'"'e set free H|s half-regained Eurydicd. Mirth ' u''^'''"' '^ ^'^"^ t^ans't give Mirth, with thee I mean to live ••040.. A BOOK NOT A DEAD THING. DENV not b„. that f, h „f „,, demean ThU'r ^c^r'""' "' ^°" ^'- '^d i :^:,:r''-,'"""; '^ '"= ■"--'« "f- .r.er .„ c„„„„, i.,;!: 1 ri;;:? ,*r- ■"' °" -'-p "-xu: ' "ire "",t 'r "" of life in ,hem "fbe ' f Z™""" > P^geny c„ver (he 'l.^S ! '°°i '"' "«" <''' "<>' »« i^- as in a vlai fi ^' *"^y tJo ])reserve tv» . , "'*"ons lare the worse. tHr^Tleet tt^S' tSr ^7r ^^f^'- °' — '^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ Sv'^^Tr ^^^' ^---■- lively and as vi.orotslv n'^ ' '^'^^ ^""^ ^ how we spflUh J ^ '^^°'' °^ P^'^'-c men ; ulcus dragon's teetrind^'"" ^'°" '"^b" -^ stored up n TT^'-''^ °' '"'^" ^^ ed down, may chance to CrW un7 T"" "'^ ^"^ ^o-icide may ie th.° ' """ "^ "^ ^ ^'"^ of yet, on the other hlTZ^^ "^ ""'"' ^"^ '"-rtyrdom and V . "°'"'"'"^'l-««™etime.s a as good almost killT """'""^ ^^ "«^d, sion a kL r '' '^''"'^ '° ^ ^^ole impr,^. Who kill a L„ kfllsT " '".^ ^°°^ ^-^- enl' no ' 1"?""' ^^"^^""^ '^« --"'on God's image; but he tho 7. '' feature- but strik L at the eh''^°' '" ^^""^"^^^ '''•«' kills reason itselt-ink the °'' ^r ^""'^ '^""'^ ^^^son SlfllL ' ''''"''' ^^^ ^^^^^^^ of kills the image of God, as it I a life. '"^^^ '^^^ ^« 'mmortality rather than IHl'^w^'-f''\^'"'«'-^^'"ld. M Wh, le the heaven-born child . ^" E;'^ ^^'^P' - "'^ -de manger Had doff 'd her gandy'trim, ItSfniTeSttr^^"^^^''^'-- To wanton with the sun, her lusty paramour. No war or battle's sound Thi'^J"? the world around, ThItSdThS -^^ ^'-^^ "P h-g; Unstain'd with hostile blood; • '^''''"™P^'^P«''«"°t to the armed thron.: FROM THE HYMN TO THE NATIVITY. l"tf^!u^'^*'/'"^'th««'ft'leye As .f they surely knew their so^v^eign Lord was But peaceAil was the night. Wherein the Prince of Light wave. " brooding on the charmed .SL''^?.'.^''Vdeep amaze. "-■^ u Hi steadiast e^ze Bendi And wil For all I OrLii But in tl Until th g The shef Or e'er t Sat sin Full litth That the Was ki Perhaps t Was all ke( When sue Iheir hea As neve Divinely-i Answering As all tl The air, s( With thou: clos The oraclei No voice o Runs thr ing. Apollo fron Can no mo i" steadiast gaze. O spak Well The Archan, To their fixe I'he Cherubi Oliding met( Risen from a And gathers Homeward n The brandish Fierce as a c< And vapor as Began to par( JOHN MILTON. Bending one way their precious influence • And will not take thdr flight '"""ence, l*or all the morning light ' Or Lucifer tliat often warn'd them thence • But ,n their glimmering orl,s did glow ' Vnul the,r Lord hin.elf bespakef°and bid them The shepherds on the lawn Or e'er the point of dawn,' F„?M,n!"Pi^ '''?" '"J^' '" '-^ "'Stic row; Full li tie thought they, than Inat the mighty Pan VVas kindly come to live with them l.elow • Perhaps their loves, or else their sheTp ' Was alMhat did their silly thougE'ts so busy When such mtisic sweet i'heir hearts and ears did greet As never was by mortal finger strook • Divinely-vvarbled voice ''^rooK , Answering the stringed noise. As all their souls in blissful rapture took • W>h'Ik' ^"^'\P'^^«'"-es loathe to lose! ' close ''^°'' '''" P"""'""^^ ^^^h heavenly 67 The oracles are dumb. No voice or hideous hum Runs^through the arched roof in words deceiv- Apollo from his shrine Can no more divine, With hollow shriek thestecpof Delohosleavin.r No mighty trance, or breathed spell '*'• inspires^the pale-eyed priest frLm 'the prophetic The lonely mountains o'er And the resounding shore, FrnJl!""^ of weeping heard and loud lament • From haunted spring and dale, ' bdged with pojjiar pale, vv'!?^n '''*"'"*'' ^''•■"'"^ '•'< ^vith sighing sent • VVith flower-inwoven tresses torn, ^ " mouS.'" '""''^'''' ''''''' °^ '^"^''-'d thicket., In consecrated earth. And on the holy hearth, In urns and altars round, A drear and dying sound Aflfrights the Flamens at their service nminf • And the chill marble seems to .™t ' """' ' While each peculiar Power foregoe's his wonted But see, the Virgin bless'd Hath laid her Babe to rest • '^^""ending: ■■ '''^'°"' '""^ ''^""'^ ^''^ ^^^^ Heaven's youngest-teemcd star Hath fix'd her polish'd car Her sleq^ng Lord with han.iuiaic .mp attend- And all about the courtly stable Bnght-harness'd angels sit in order servxeable. ••o^». P wJi^ ?'"■ "1°?" ^^^' ^"d Adam heard, 3 Well pleased, but answered not; for now too nigh To td^'^ff"?,^' '^°''^' '^"'^ f"-"™ the other hill To their fixed station all in bright array I he Cherubim descended ; n„ the ground f.bding meteorus, as the evening mist Risen from a river o'er the marish glides. And gathers ground fast at the laborer's heel Se bS Tr"'. "'■^'^ '■" f^«"t advanced lUe brandished sword of God before them blazed I'lerce as a comet : wh.VJ, «,:fU *„„:V" °'^^^^ And vapor as the Libyan air adJsY,* ' '"''''' «egan to parch that temperate clime. Whereat THE DEPARTURE FROM EDEN, "Paradise Lost." Book XI I. I III either hand the hastening angel caueht Ted LT'i"^ '''^^"'«' ^"^ ^« tlfe eastefn gate ^^J«;:;«e:^'^;,-;-'^e beheld wfthlrS l^r''^"' 'If' "'■"« ■' ''^"^' the gate With dreadful faces thronged and fiery arms Some muural tears they dropped, but ;vi;r-them The world was all befnro them u-hf-rp tr, j. '^ E'^^^^V^^^' -d>ro"dencnhlirt«Td" They, hand Ml hand.with wandering steps aSow Through Eden took their solitary tay' ALEXy^^:!>rvK' roPE ..,/»„„ ""> WCT oy SOCIETY « table; so weakl'?, ^i.^!'?" P™"' '■ -"d -Tma iXrif/ "•^"-k"ame of so sensitive to cold tl,, t ell '^ /'" '"''^' ^e continuX, S .^Vf'' '■; '"^h chair "IS {set n tliroo n=,- ■ -^ always wraooeH in f. 7 P '" Ijancap-es • anri elegan, tho gh ife";'„" ,Tf •"«!;■ ""t Ws'^'ess u'^^'fa:!-'/'"""^'^- ^nj'e^^ascd the rude manners of h:,-"""" '' ''^^'^ the coarse lestsaho'^lf- ""t ""''' "anners , . Pope's sickly yoVi,™!.; 7^^ '" P^^^ as if ^''""""-•"A'ctions which 'A« yet a child, and an unknown to fan^e He had already pub •r.:-"""^'^'^^"'''^"""^'^^^^^^^^^^^^^ •nticism.- whe'^ir,^; tt ^f T "^^^^^^^^^ " -^ " Messiah " . , oiulon. His eyes failed" L ""^ ^'P ^^'^ st^^'v of mSf^ • Tf' ^^^^ "Essay +.c«- •'^''^ '^"ed, however ..«^ u_ _, ^ '^' paintin^- m h,s native city rpose of becoming on Criticism, of Londofi an artist. He now issued nr. , . "' ' '"'"'"'"=" "'^ P'"-pose of becomino times, C,;, f ,:7'<2 «7 .-''bribed ibrTeToh.m™"'''^ ^eceivil a„d a n nety thousa'„iri/«k dee,, o^, ' ,"* ^anKen.„s thinj. 1 THE SCAI ^ , cends: '^"'"*'*'' ""■■"tal powers a.s ^'»'^eV^rr^-'r"^"'--P-''''rare What rn^^t ^s Xt''': '" "''^ l"^"l'l^-d kSs ■ Ti?er„c.;^;,-!iS^:^;;\;;-jV^^^'e,-tre.;e, Of smell, the headlnn,, i , - ^ ■* l^t-ain: And hound M^^ao^^'o 'rT, ^'7"' Of heanng, from th- life hat fl h ^a"" ' lo that which warM f ^"^' '•'I'* tl'e flood, ALEXANDER kjPe. While, from the l.onnded leV.-l r Short views we tak,. "' '"'^ """d, ' "ut "-re advanitiV 1 choM '■l'^'"'^"'^ '-'''"d; New distant scenes .fetisrs ■;''""*?'-* "'^''^''^ , •"^ pleased at first th.. kI "^'cuce rise ! Mount o'er th" vahs n T""*^' ''^'l''^ **« 'O. ''h- eternal snows a. I r'"' '" ''■^•»' -i^^ "k V ' And the first SdsTl?'''-""^'^ I'"'^'' ' '!"^ 'lH>seatta n'd «« r ."i""'''-^'*'^^^'''' "'^' ''st ■ ' lif growini/ 1 hor. V u'-'"''''' '" ^"rvey "'''«i-i>o'«;K;d'Xi;':;^:sSseye. E OF UKING. EssAv ON Man." ,S^-npared. half-rel„'„">XS"^ "r'"'^' Twixt that, an(i Rea^ ''f I'^ant, with thine? Forever separate vTf ' ''''''' '* "'^'^ '^^rierl Kemembran, e and R.rt ''"'" ""'"■' SOUND A>, KCHO TO THE SENSE I'S not e„o„sh no har*„„ • "^ I'" "'^"' '"' Ci.mc,.«... I The •£n„„?-t:f»o'n,. , vne„ .,„ ,Wve, „« ,^,, ,^. . ^ Softisthestriin li v . tk ,• ''''°^' ' '^^'*^'''' »« OMNIPRESENCE OF THE DEITy As Ihe rapt'ltS IP :'''/'■'" 'hat mourm Hoflns.He,^Slri«";S'e;'X"l'.' ALEXANDER POPE. THE DYING CHRISTIAN TO HIS SOUL [TAI, spark of heavenly liaiiie I (Jiiit, oh (iiiit, this mortal frame ! Tremhiiiig, hoping, lingering, llying- Oh the pain, tlic bliss of dying ! Cease, fond Nature, cease thy strife, And let me languish into life ! Hark I they whis|)er ; Angels say, Sister spirit, come away. What is this absorb-, me quite? 71 Steals my senses, shuts my sight? Drowns my spirits, draws my brcalh? Tell mc, my soul, can this be death ? The world recedes ; it disapi)ear8 1 Heaven opens on my eyes I my cars With sounds seraphic ring : Lend, lend your wings I I mount I I tlyl Oh Gravel where is thy Victory? Oh Death I where is thy Sting? '•o4e« < i THE UNIVERSAL PRAYER. \THER of all I in every age, In every clime adored, — By saint, by savage, or by sage- Jehovah, Jove, or Lord ! Thou first great Cause, least understood. Who all my sense confined To know but this: that Thou art good, And that myself am blind ; Yet gave me in this dark estate. To see the good from ill ; And binding Nature fast in Fate, Left free the human Will. What conscience dictates to be done. Or warns me not to do, This teach me more than hell to shun, That more than heaven pursue. What blessings thy free bounty gives Let me not cast away ; For God is paid when man receives : To enjoy is to obey. Yet not to earth's contracted span Thy goodness let me bound, Or Thee the Lord alone of man, When thousand worlds are round. Let not this weak, unknowing hand Presume Thy bolts to throw, And deal damnation round the land On each I judge Thy foe. If I am right, Thy grace impart Still in the right to stay; If I am wrong, oh teach my heart To find that better way. Save me alike from foolish pride Or impious discontent, At aught Thy wisdom has denied Or aught Thy goodness lent. Teach me to feel another's woe, To hide the fault I see ; That mercy I to others show. That mercy show to me. Mean though I am, not wholly so. Since quickened by Thy breath; Oh, lead me, wheresoe'er I go. Through this day's life or death. This day be bread and peace my lot: All else beneath the sun Thou knowest it best, bestowed or not. And let Thy will be done 1 To Thee, whose temple is all space, Whose altar, earth, sea, skies, One chonis let all being raise; All Nature's incense rise. Kf- ^Mi^^l^^i^ ISAAC WATTS. WHITER OF CHHISTUN in ^,Ns. I lii "Hymns " " p- ? " - .,,.,„ Fife- J^r" -»T: £■ Pr5- S poems are all of . ,^i •"'' "'^^ ''^''1 be retraXl . '' /"'^ "Wic" and ^'"Iclren. He ver^ifi, . ^i'""" ^^'^'"^"er. many or I Lf ''''"^^'■^' books. His find a place hi If' '^^ ^^"^''•^ b«ok of L]L .^''"'''"^^ b*-'^^n written for adaptation" 'm^>;-,^°'<« of .al] Cl.riltiir dSollllnadon^ "^ '"^ "^^^n^' tender simplicity, ratlu r Vt ' ^Z '^'"- b">ad Christia^sS "T , '? '"^ t'l^'V ready these hym,rs Jso a y t" /^"; ^'•^.''r'^ "'-'ts a Ss wtit'T ^^''-^"''^"^ '^"^ Isaac Watts was a^p ero. "''' "".'^.^'y ^''^"erent peoSe ^^ ''^^"' ^-'^^^^''^'d ?- a;r^^lU^^ "''^dj\rf?^ - we are told London, „f 2^t,Th ■"''"'''''■' °' "><•• '"'lep^S 1 ''"™^'= '^"""V- '" 6g8 tliis chanro ,, ' i • '^^'canie pasto « family. Here he remiinedd'^ '•"'»' F"^- "'^^ Londo f K ^712 was invitee '" prose and\erse. He con ."n /"^^ "«^ ■"^''equcM) 1?^! 1 '^^ ^ '" '""^^'"- which they insisted nn^^ contmued to receive from ;- '""«" '"any books evidences ^ofthrwrcles'; "'^^P^'"^' --' the^"v ^ /°"f ^^^^'on ^'^^ salary ""'"ediate circle. b\^'by thf '" '" ^'^'^'^ '^« ^as hell not 3 T^ .^""tinuous 1 tts, says Dr. Johnson, "whu ,..i,^^ 7» "^'^^^ youth and T?f- ISAAC WATTS. 73 reverence to ^^ol" ^ ^' '" ""P^ '"" benevolence lo man and l,is i ' C«^^ THE ROSE. 0\V (air is the rose I what a l)eaiitiful flower. 1 he glory of April and May 1 But the leaves are beginning to fade in an hour, And they wither and die in a day. Vet the rose has one powerful virtue to boast Above all the flowers of the field ; When its leaves are all dead, and its fine colors lost. Still how sweet a i)erfume it will yield 1 So frail is the youth and the beauty of men, 1 hough they bloom and look gay like the rose; But all our fond cares to i)reserve them is vain. 1 imj- kills them as fast as he goes. m Then I'll not be proud of my youth nor my beauty, ^ Since both of them with<-r and fade ; But gain a good nan.e by well doing niy d.ity • ' 1 his will scent like a rose when I'm dead ! i! -.ofc- THE EARNEST .STUDENT INFINITE Truth, the life of my desires, Come from the sky, and join thyself to me: I'm tired with hearing, and this reading tires ; * I^"t '"^ver tired of telling thee, Tis thy fair face alone my spirit burns to see. Speak to my soul, alone ; no other hand Shall mark my jalh out with delusive art • All nature, silent in His presence, stand ; ^^^'""'^' '"■' '^""^'' "' '"*» conmiand, And leave his single voice to whisi)er to mv neart. ^ " Retire, my soul, within thyself retire. Away from sense and every outward show • Now let my thoughts to loftier themes aspire ; My knowledge now on wheels of fire. May mount and spread above, surveying all below." The Lord grows lavish of His heavenly light And pours wliole floods on such a mind as this : Fled from the eyes, she gains a piercing sight. She dives into the infinite, And sees unutterable things in that unknown abyss. ••OfO" El HERE is a land of pure delight, Where saints iuuuortal reign ; Infinite day excludes the night, And ]ikiLsures banish pain. There everlasting Spring abides. And never-withering flowers; Dejith, like a narrow sea, divides This heavenly land from ours. Sweet fields l)eyond the swelling flood Stand dressed in living creen : So t(. the Jews old ( anaan^stood, While Jordan rolled between. THERE IS A LAND OF PURE DELIC.HT. But timorous mortals start and shrink To cross this narrow sea, And linger shivering on the brink, And fear to launch away. Oh ! could we make our doubts remove— Those gloomy doubts that rise— And see the Canaan that we love With unbeclouded eyes; Could we but climb where Moses stood, ,^"u View the ijindscapo o'li, Not Jordan's stream nor Death's cold flood bhould fright us from the shore. m m !■ I 74 ISAAC WArrs. HL heavens invite mine eye, , 1 lie stars salute me round • Thus !r^^"y' ^ '^'"•'*'^' ^ '»o"rn to lie ' Ihusgrovd.ng on the ground. My warmer spirits move, And make attempts to fly; I wish aloud for wings of We io raise me swift and high. And all the.r sparkling balls; UPWARD. They're but the porches to thy courts And jiaintings on thy wails. ' Vain world, farewell to you; Heaven is my native air: i l>'d my fnends a short adieu impatient to be there. I feel my powers released From their old fleshy clod; Fairguard.an. bearmeupinhaste And set me near my God ' m Ir^tf ^'^""^'■''^"dmyLordl 1 read my duty ,„ Thy word • «u''n Thy bfe the law amis Drawn out in living chariitm? IS 5'^''^'™'^'^"^ such Thy zeal huch deference to Thy Father's will ' Such ove, and meekness so d vine ' I -uld transcribe, and mrkeS mine. "Ofo- REDEEMER. c^^,^ . ^^^^' ^'^^ THAT A,hV^' '"ve the Lord. To,^";''^,*"'"- joys be known; And thus surround the throne. H/?""'*^ refuse to sing. Who never knew our God; But favorites of the Heavenlv K.n^ Mayspeak their joys Soad'"* The men of prarc have found Glory begun below; LOVE THE LORD. Celestial fruits on earthly ground From faith and hope may grow. The hill of Zion yields A thousand sacred sweets. Before we reach the heavenl^ fields Or walk the golden streets. ' Then let our songs abound. And everv tear be dry ; -Ofo.. RENT , ^"^N ^ SURVEY THE "^^^'^"^^^y '^,ie wondrous cross On which the Prince of Glorv dierf And r^"'" '*="""' but los^' And pour contempt on all my pride. Forbid it, Lord, that I should boast A.Hh:r:i;l^^\;^^|;f^-"od; Isacrificec&o^'Slstrd."^'"^'^' WONDROUS CROSS. ^InlT "'^.r*^' "'■•" hands, His feet O' .horn. ca,n,x,« ,„ ,i,h ,"«;, , o» -" "• • •iiv:, • «J/ -oui, my iiie, my all. ISAAC WATTS. PSALM LXXII. 75 ESUS shall reign where'er the sun Does its successive journeys run ; His kingdom stretch from shore to shore, Till moons shall wax and wane no more. For him shall endless prayer be made, And praises throng to crown His Head ; His Name, like sweet perfume, shall rise With every morning sacrifice. People and realms of every tongue Dv.-ell on His love with sweetest song, And infant voices shall proclaim Their early blessings on His Name. Blessings around where'er He reigns ; The prisoner leaps to lose his chains; The weary find eternal rest, And all the sons of want are blest. Where He displays His healing power, Death and the curse are known no more ; In Him the tribe of Adam boast More blessings than their father lost. Let every creature rise, and bring Peculiar honors to our King ; Angels descend with songs again, And earth repeat the long Amen ! ■•ofo»- COME, HOLY SPIRIT, HEAVENLY DOVE. OME, Holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove, VVith all Thy quickening powers. Kindle a flame of sacred love In these cold hearts of ours. Look how we grovel here below, Fond of these trifling toys; Our souls can neither fly nor go To reach eternal joys I In vain we tune our formal songs, In vain we strive to rise ; Hosannas languish on our tongues. And oir devotion dies. Dear Lord, and shall we ever lie. At this poor dying rate ? Our love so faint, so cold to Thee, And Thine to us so great I Come, Holy Spirit, Heavenly Dove, With all Thy quickening powers; Come, shed abroad a Saviour's love, And that shall kindle ours. •i il 11 I V '•04«.' FROM ALL THAT DWELL ROM all that dwell below the skies Let the Creator's praise arise ; Let the Redeemer's name be sung, Through every land by every tongue I Eternal are Thy mercies, Lord : Eternal truth attends Thy word ; Thy i)raise shall sound from shore to shore, Till suns shall rise and set no more. ■■•-. il '^ V'i' m 1*^ THOMAS GRAY. AUTHOR OK Ti,K IMMORTAL KLE(;v. «i>n distinction at Camhr, ,„? f "J*^ Hiomas Gray. He \Valpolc, whocIpTar^l tfecAv T'f "'^™"-^ "'* "°^a- fo-- me; he was or am nu, Is el "t.r,''"°"^ " ^"'P^n'on plays. The fault was min2 " ' """'^ ' ™^ f""- balls and ?pent the rest of his lS7cLl°iJl^''^ ^f!^' t tV' "' '>'^ <•"">-. Gray "1 .757. but decUned it. He became lv„f *as offered the post of poet laureate unfitfor the office and delivered no lecturer"' "' "''""^ "' ^~-b4e. ZZt ran through Sen^SitS^t^ril/fever^TncP^r' *'=''= T' ^ P°P"'-. It Pieces that every one has by heart Hrotherno °"^ ■"' "^°=« fc" favorite XTf i'iHge^"' - "--'-s litti^r*;^ "^^diSr;^;frth"eTfrfif:f. ge &r S^.'^tt ixr- ^.tr '"'-^''r'' ^-'^ -^ f--. Lowell says that the - Fleirv" won T > S5-""™an " rather than as a dom tl«>u.ht, but far n,ore tht^h oZinal ty":?!':''?;' "t '"™'?" ->' orig^nalitT:' depth and sincerity of emotiSn wh'irh ;? ^ , ''^ ^™P'e languale and tl,^ among the finest Int^^rTof o^HitSre.'"'' '''''' «'"'"'' " P-'omment place - » l ■♦• ,^#. |HE Curfew toll.s the knell of parting day, 1 he lowuiK herd wind .slo« |y o'er thHea And leaves the world t„ darkuc. and to me. ^Tndln !t ^''"""'■7'"K lan.l.srape on the sight And Jl the ajr a solemn stillness holds, 76 Save that, from yonder ivy-mantled tower Or£ppi--£rre"d^^" Molest her ancient solitary rcigii. THOMAS GRAY. n Beneath those rugged elms, that yew-tree's shade, Where heaves tlie turf in many a mouldering heap, Each in his narrow cell for ever laid. The rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep. The breezy call of inccnse-hreathing Morn, The swallow twittering from the straw-built shed, Oft did the harvest to their sickle yield, Their furrow oft tlio stul)i)orn glebe has bnikt How jocund did ihey drive their team afield ' How bow'd the Wwods beneath their siura. stroke ! Tx't "ot Ambition mock their iiscf.il toil, Their Imuiely joys, and destiny obscure; |v.. -n V U i'^ ii fJKAv's MoNUMKNT IN llIK CHURCHYARD AT STmKK P(X;IS. The cock's shrill clarion, or the echoing horn, Nu mo:e shall rouse them from their lowly bed. For them no more the blazing hearth shall burn, Or busy housewife ply her evening care; N^f> nhildrc!'! run to iis.*^ their hire'f; rcturii. Or climb his knees the ei>v.t; 1 ' iss to share. Nor Grandeur hear with a disdainful smile The short and simple annals of the poor. The boast of Heraldry, the pomp of Power, And all that Heauty, all thac Wealth e'er gavt The paths of glory lead but to the grave. 78 Where throuL-h the Innl '' "^ ''^P'^'^^ "'«''. vai.It ^ l«ng-drawn aisle and fretted The pealing anthem swells the note of praise. Can storied urn. or animated bust O * iattery soothe the dull cold ear of Lth ? Perhai,s in this neglected spot is laid H'nZ^h:tVe"r^7;^^"' ^"^^ -'-^-' «-' ^"Aich wlShV° '''f "^^"« '^^ ^--P'^ page And froze the genial current of the's^ul. THOMAS GKAY. Full many a gem of purest ray serene Some Cromwell guiltless of hircoSr/fblood. Fa^from the madding crowd's ignoble strife T^heir sober wishes never learn'H7« « ' "ley kepi the no.se]ess tenor of their way. deck'd " >.liai«;less sculpture Implore the passing , rib,,,,, of, „.jjl, ""fe rhe°4'!|i,"frile°' ""^-honofd dead, II chance. byTondv CV, ',' "",''" ""' "'«»i So,ne.ind^,Xfri^ri"!Ltn;;:.i;y^V.te. "'!'tee'::%t°ht!rr™v»ay, To meet the sun „p„n the upland S : " TR^ttst'ow';™?", "•'<'<'■"« |««^ Su«ew'ngTsry'Cir '"''T ^"^ '" --"' Now droop.L woful win I if' ^ '^^^'""'^ ^^^e.' Or crJed';i:h'care 'J;': °" •/"'";:' . Love. ' cro.., d in hopeless Nor im TkI i' ^*-^ '^^'''e 'he rill, ^lorupthelawn.noratthe oodw^she. ^^o^s^rthTstoS'tii^s-^si^eiv ERE rests his head upon the lap of earth A youth, to Fortune and to Fame „n . known ; "" "An?EnSr;^-;H;V5;.t-f. THE EPITAPH. "Lf "."; P'I'e'y (all he had) n tear "S:"'™""™ (■'"-«'" he wish'd). No farther seek his merits to disclose (1?ere'Syt J?;',:'rr- 4^^'' ^^'. ^I^£^ OLIVER GOLDSMITH. THK MOST CHARMING AND VERSATILE WRITER OK THE EIGHTlKNfTH CENTURY. O writer of English is more universally loved and appreciated than the shifdess litde- Irishman who claimed to be a physician, but who picked up a precarious living by writing, and who was the butt of the brilliant company, Johnson, Burke, Reynolds, Garrick, and others, who formed a famous literary club. Dr. Johnson says, " No man was more foolish when he had not a pen in his hand or more wise when he had ;" and the humorous epitaph, composed to tease him by his friends, " Who wrote like an angel, but talked like ' Poor Poll ' " correctly represents the esteem in which they held him. Goldsmith was born in County Longford, Ireland, in 1728. His father was a clergyman of the Established Church and very poor; but some of his relatives were in comfortable circumstances: they contributed funds to send him to Dublin Univer- sity as a stzar, or "poor scholar." He entered in 1744 and took his degree five years after. He went home, ostensibly to study for the Church. In two years he presented himself as a candidate for ordination, but was rejected. He tried tutor- ship, and several other things, with no result. An uncle gave him /50 to go to London, where he proposed to Jtudy law. He got :is far as Dublin, where he lost all his money at the gaming-table, and went back to his friends for a while loward the end of 1752 they sent him to Edinburgh to study medicine. He ran through his money and fled to the Continent, where he made an extended tour with litde or no means of support except his fiddle. Early in 1756, Goldsmith, now about twenty-eight, made his way back to London, ragged and penniless. During the next two or three years we catch glimpses of him as assistant to an apothecary ; as a " corrector of the press " for Richardson, the novelist; as usher in a school ; and finally as a "hack-writer" for xh^ Monthly Review. Once we find him an unsuccessful applicant at the College Of Surgeons for the position of hospital-mate. Somehow he managed to keep his head above water, for in 1759 he published a small volume entitled "An Inquir' into the Present State of Polite Learning in Europe." This attracted some notice' and made the author known among literad and publishers. He wrote for several newspapers, among others for the Public Ledger, to which he furnished a series Oi ^'v^nmese Letters," which were soon repubjished under the tide of "The Citi- zen of the World." Goldsmith was now able to escape from his humble garret So OLIVER GOLDSMITH. If i by literary work ; but he ai;ays ma^.trtoTncJ mor "7 'T'''^ ^ '■^^''- '"-" ' About the middle of 1761 he foi.n I N;!i Tr '": .^''''" ^^^ '''"'^^''^^ vvKlowedlancIlady.vvho^^.vehinthed"oi^^^^ ^^'^^^^^ to his to go to prison, ir to n^arry her Go hmlh ^^r" ;'^'•^'^^«"'••ses : to pay his b 1 bnn from this predicamentfa^K' puUn his hS aV° ^- J;^'"^-" toLtrica^ Hoc or took the manuscript, sold i o rbonl.!lI '"t'. "^ "^^^""script. The Gdd.s,n,th. thus savin,, him f^omgo n . to prkt^o^'vf"'^- '^'".^'"^ -^''^^ '""-T to Ihat manuscript, which was not uubliC^i^?! f.nn • "''^'"''y'").'- the widow IiIations.- ''HistoryofAnimatedNature'-'-I fpoflf mT.?' "^ "'^'storyof Rome " the and a .. Survey of Expertnaual Ph Lsop w ' He' l' " ^''"'' ''"^'^^^ ^'--'- " comed.es among which is "She Stoops to Conn.S'''r7r''-f/T' '^'^'y ^'^^er '^f..^!;^''^y "Pon "The Vicar of VVaLfield " 3 Hu. ,^'^'^'-^'"'^'^ '^ ^^^'^e. however, and I he Deserted Village." These an r..?! 1 ""^ '?''^*'"'^' " '^^^e Traveler " spoken, and wil, continueihe clS:d^osS ^ '^[^;^^^^ 'anguage is ' "' generation after generation. ^^J«> BSSOMP. • THE TRAVELER. p SOME lone m.ser, visiting his store. » licnds at h,s treasure, counts, re-counts it ^t sunf f •'T"'t 'f ^'^'"^ ^^i^'">-^« fill. Vet still lie sighs, for hoards are wanting s ill hns to my breast alternate passions rise ' I leased wuh each good that' Heaven to 'n,an sup- ^^et oft a sigh i,revails, and sorrows fall. And olt I w,sh amidst the scene to find W spot to real hapi-iness consigned, I he huadenng tenant of the frigid zone ociy proclaims that happiest spot £ own Lxtols the treasures of his stormy seas ' TlKnt-'r"'^''^^'''"^^'^-^''^>'''»"d'^^e. ihe naked negro, panting at the Line Koasts of his golden sands ans the patriot's hoas,. where'er we roam H.S first, best country, ever is at hon,e' ' I And yet, perhaps, if countries we compare And estimate the blessings which theVsh./^ I hough patriots flatter, s^ll shall wisicm fin'd An e-M portion dealt to ad mankind; To fr""""" ^'•'"''' ^y ^'' "•• Nature given lo different nations, makes their blessings even Nature, a mother kind alike to all. ^ ''"• S^. grants her bliss at labor's earnest call; With f,.od as well the peasant is supplied ThnJ ""?',"'"* '■"'^ky.crested summits frown \V.?.T,i; r- ^ ''^'■'""' '""^ "''^ l>icssings sent V a these each other's power so strong contes 1 1 at ei her seems weary way; Along thy glades, a solitary guest, The hollow-sounding bittern guards its nest; iiidst thy desert walks the lapwing flies. And tires their echoes with un\,iried cries. Sunk arc thy bowers in shapeless ruin all. And the long grass o'ertops tlie mouldering wall ; And, hari Far, far aw III fares th Where we I'nnces ai bling, shrinking Irom the spoiler's 'V children leave lli land. uiil, to hasteninj; ills .i prey, ii accumulait > iuhI men decay; lords may tloiirish or may fade, A breath can make them as a breath h is made; Hut a bold |)easantry, their country's i jdc. When once destroyed can never Ije supplied. Sweet Auburn! i)arent of the blisslnl hour, Thy glades forlorn confess the tyrant's power. Here, as I take my solitary rounds Aui 'st thy tangling walks and ruineii grounds. And, many a year ela|»sed, return to view Where once the cottage stood, the hawthorn grew, Remembrince wakes, with all her busy train, u my breast, and turns the past to pain, was the sound when oft at evening's close der hill the village murmur rose ; i , as I j)assed, with careless stejjs and slow, Tiic mingling notes came softened from l)elow : 'Phe swain responsive as the milkmaid sung, 'I'he sober herd that lowed to meet their young, The noisy geese that gabblctl o'er the pool, rhe playful children just let loose from school. The watch-dog's voice that bayed the whis|)ering wind, f And the loud laugh that spoke the vacant mind ;— These all in sweet confusion sought the shade. And filled each pause the nightiii ,de had made. Hut now the sounds of jwimlation fail ; No cheerful murmur (liictuates in the gale; No busy steps the grass-grown footwav tread, But all the bloomy blush of life is fled. ••ofo«- THE VILLAGE PREACHER. From "The Deskrted Vili.aoe." [KAR yonder copse, where once the garden ' smiled, And still where many a garden flower grows wild ; There, where a few torn shrid)s the place disclose. The village preacher's modest mansion rose. A man he was to all the country dear, And passing rich with forty pounds a year; Remote from towns he ran his godly race, h.id rh.irsged, nor wish'd to change his I)lace ; N, Inr #»'Ar Unskilful he to fawn, or seek for power By doctrines fashion'd to the varying hour; Far other aims his heart had learn'd to jirize, More bent to raise the wretched than to rise. His house was known to all die vagrant train, He chid their wanderings, but relieved their pain ; The long-remember'd beggai was his guest, Whose beard descending swept his aged breast ; T.he i'uiii'd s['-ndthrifi, now no iongoi piuud, Claim'd kindred there, and had his claims allow'd; > MICROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART (ANSI and ISO TEST CHART No. 2) 1.0 I.I 1^ liO IIIM 14.0 2.5 2.2 2.0 1.8 ^ /APPLIED IIVHGE 165 J East Mam Street Rochester. New York 14609 USA (716) <82 - 0300 -Phone (716) 288- ;,9S9 -Fox 8j 1" II OLIVER GOLDSMITH. S^'""?^';^ soldier, kindly bade to stav Sat by h.s fire, and talk'd the night awav • ere ''^"%row;'^''^"'^^'^'^he good man learned^o C^iT\l^°'^^^ ^^^'' ^''^^'^ ■'" their woe ■ Careless their merits or their faults to sc!n His p.ty gave ere charity began '^"' An!) .' ^V.'^'i.e^'e the wretched was his nride But in '." ^" '^'"'■"e^ '^'-^"'^ to Virtue's s,\^e' HeZ ^■^,^^"'>\P>-"'^Pt at every call, ?nd tst bird" e 'T> \' ''''y^ '-^"^ '■^'t for all £^na, as a bad each fond endearment trips To empt ns new-fledged offspring to tlkies • Allured to'! ' T' '■''^-''°^^^ ^^^h dull delay^ Allured to brighter worlds, and led the wav Bes.de the bed where parting life was a^ri And sorrow, guilt, and pain, ify turn dj ',f ',v, The reverend champion'stoo'd/ A Tis ont o ' Despair and anguish fled the struggling sonl • His n l ^' '"- "^ "'"^"^ ^"d unaffected g ace His looks adorn 'd the venerable place ' |mh from his lips prevail'd witl! do ble swav Tl e se °fc ''"'' '° ^^°«"' --eniainedlo j^rj; lie service past, around the jmous man ^ ^' With ready zeal, each honest rustic ran' ^ imL ; ^°''"' '° '^-''' the good man's To em '^s?elrhist"' ^f ^^^'^--^'i^trest; But all hJc CO ' u '°^^' '^'^^ P^efs were given A somi'ln eS. i^r^'' '^'^ '■^'^^ '" ^^^^^"' c ,, T ^''" that lifts Its awful form Eternal sunshine settles on its head. •ofo-- HE clock had just struck two ; the expiring " t^P^r/'ses and sinks m the socket ; the watchman forgets the hour in slumber- the laborious and the happy are at rest; and strovin; H ^ T^'"^ °"'^ "^"'•^ fi''^ the de- loZ' r ' "^' '°"^^^ "^"^^ ^^- "Midnight nis own sacred person. Let me no longer waste the night over the page I antiouitv. nr tlif.c,ii;„. „f '^ o^ A CITY NIGHT-PIECE "Letters of a Citizen ok the World." t>-' "'"'<^ Liie nignt over the mo-p jr, , • ^ , "-"'•'> '"^vc unce triumphed of antiquity, or.the sallies of contemporary geS L "T"' f ''"^ ^'^'°"^^ ^ great, joy as but pursue the solitary walk, where vanity ^ve' es r"" ""'^"""^^d, and with short- ighted chanc np-. h„t = f„,„ i,„ «t"uy, ever- presumption nrnmicB^ *i , . 'fe'-'-cu ^t pursue the solitary w^i.:;:;;:;-:^;?-::: changing but a fe. hours past, walked be[ re me f7n 7 l.^J''^^' "'^ ^'^^ P^^^^"^' ^"d now, like a froward child, seems hushed with her own 'impor! What a gloom hangs all around! The dviW lampfeebly emits a yellow gleam; no sotmd"! heard but of the chiming clock or t.e distant ...hdog; all the bustle of human pri em L r i " ''^' "^'"^ "^^>' '''^^ display the emptiness of human vanity solklr '''" ';°'"' ' "'"^^ ^^''^^" ^his temporary ts If 1 k "T 't r'' ^°"^'""^'' -d ^he city d rt n t: '"habitants, fade away and leave I uesert in its room. What cities as great as this, have once triumphed m existence, had their victories as great, joy as Jiist and a^s >inl-,^„r,^„^ _.. _, .. &"''''•» J oy as ^^' '"'^ "itn snort-siffhter presumption promised themselves immortaHty , Posterity can hardly trace the situation of some ^ the sorrowful traveler wanders over the awf 1 '"«; and feels the transience of every sublunary posses- rmww ii g -.' .i jt_ . j) .i.i j . .^ .i. I ] ii jwp f . ■ii jM iiiii LinU B M ii n ig p i B i BEST LOVED OF SCOTTISH POETS. HE life of Robert Burns was not a model one. In some ways, and those the most important, its story is more useful for the warnings It conveys than for the example it affords. But we shall not be able to understand his poems if we do not know the story of his lite, and not to know and love the poetry of Robert Burns is to miss the rarest, most touching, most thoroughly human note in t-nghsh verse. The son of a hard-working, unsuccessful peasant farmer, his early years were spent m the monotonous toil of a laborer on a sterile Scottish farm. He had litde education except that which he acquired from his father, who. as is often the case noble^character^^^'^"''' ^^^ ^ ""^^ of serious mind, somewhat cultivated, and of Burns early began to rhyme and to make love, two occupations which seem to have gone o.n together all through his life. His poems were handed around in manuscript and he acquired in this way considerable fame. The death of his father in 1 784, laid upon the young man of twenty-five the cares of the head of the family' a burden which he bravely assumed. buL which was somehow always too heavy for him. Removing to a farm at Mossgiel. he fell in love with Jean Armour the daughter of a mason. His difficulties on the farm, and the unpopularity into which his relations with Jean Armour brought him. thoroughly discoura^red him He determined to emigrate to the West Indies, and to procure the necessary funds. published, by subscription, a volume of his poems. This attracted the attention of hterary people in Edinburgh, and on their invitation he gave up his proposed emigration and visited that city. His reception was most cordial. He, the uncul- tured peasant, captivated at once the refined and intelligent people among whom n^„r r.r.A 1 ■ S"j-^-' r ," qindviy iccognized. He published a new and enlarged edition of his poems, which yielded him nearly five hundred 83 i ' i ^^^-^. 84 RoliERT KURNS. n i, ii 1 ' ii . i 'i i 1 f '■ '■'■% il ■'M mii i fXiiS pounds; his new celebrity enabled him f« Dumfcshire, where he took a farm hL^inl pH ^'^" ^?'\ °^ ^'^^i^emau in fro^. the poems to ease the burdens' of his^motr'"'^ nearly half of his returns Mossgiel. "iuens 01 nis mother and brother, whom he left at a happy fireside chime to weat an/wife " h '■; ^""'I"'\ ^"'=- " '<^ "^ke promised better thiiK^s and all ,ht .• ' '"'""''='' *'* a" energy which happy and prosperouj iifetylefor: A^TounsToet"""'' '° indicatf .hat t The De'il cam fiddlin thro' the town, And danc'd awa wi' the exciseman. And ilka wife cry'd, ■< Auld Mahaun, We wish you luck o' the prize, man," cessf:^^rrv;r„7£s'ic?rfT;cLm:,!tv:reri ''^^''T "^ ™^ "- ^ -- gave up the farm and removed to ^^3 h^, Ifi ■ndulgence in drink. He he^became unpopular; his ^eahh failed. aS'h'^'^dled'^'^VIa^SyTthil^t'y^;;^"^^ o'shSLra;^rsiS!:'';X'4rf ■• '^ 'f^'-^ '""■ - ■- "Tan, " *■ ■-"'"''=•>'. as m •' On Turning up a iMouse's Nest ROBERT BURNS. 85 with the Plough," the truth and beauty of its descriptions of homely life, as in " The Cotter's Saturday Night," have rarely been equaled in the poems of any language. Burns wrote for the people. He knew all their life, their every emotion ; he stirred their patriotism by such poems as " licots Wha ha wi' Wallace Bled," or their affection for Scotland by "Ye Banks and Biacs," and moralized in "The Twa Dogs," and many others, upon the circumstances of their life, and well deserves to be called *' the greatest poet that ever sprung from the bosom of thf* people and lived and died in an humble condition." - ►i » • 0T6 » H - MY HEART'S IN THE HIGHLANDS. Y heart's in the Highlands, my heart is not here ; My heart'o in the Highlands, a-chasing the deer; Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe — My heart's in the Highlands wherever I go. Farewell co the Highlands, farewell to the North ! The birthplace of valor, the country of worth ; Wiierever I wander, wherever I rove, The hills of the Highlands forever I love. Farev.'ell to the mountains high covercil with snow I Farewell to the straths and green valleys below ! Farewell to the forests with wild-hanging woods ! Farewell to the torrents and loud-pouring floods! My heart's in the H-'rjhIands, my heart is not here, My heart's in the Highlands a-chasing the deer; Chasing the wild deer, and following the roe — My heart's in the Highlands wherever I go. >.0^0*' THE BANKS O' DOON. E banks and braes o* bonnie Doon, How can ye bloom sae fresh and fair? How can )'e chant, ye little birds, And I sae weary fu' o' care ? Thou'll break my heart, thou warbling bird, That wantons through the flowering thorn ; Thnii minds me n' deoarted ioys, Departed — never to return I "Wilt thou be my dearie ? ' ' Oft ha'e I roved by bonnie Doon, To see the rose and woodbine tw.''i>» ; And ilka bird sang o' its luve, And fondly sae did I o' mine. Wi' lightsome heart I pu'd a r-^se, Fu' sweet upon its thorny tr< t ; And niv false lover stole mv rose But ah 1 he left the thorn wi' mc. 86 ROIJERT BURNS. MAN WAS MADE HEN chill NovcmI.er's surly blast II Made fields and forests hare, One evening as I wander'd forth . Along the ])anks of Ayr I spied a man, whose aged step ^ ' beem d weary'd, worn w-th care: His face was furrow'd o'er with years And hoary was his hair. ^ ' (tiegan the reverend satre ■) Does thirst of wealth thy ttep constrain. TO MOURN. And every time has added proofs 1 liat man was made to mourn. Oman! while in thy early years, How prodigal of time I Mis-spending all thy precious hours Ihy glorious youthful jmme 1 Alternate follies take the sway • l.icentious passions burn : ' Which tenfold force give Nature's law, i hat man Avas made to mourn. Man Was Made to Mourn Or youthful pleasures rage ? Or haply, prest with cares and woes, 100 soon thou hast began. To wander forth, with me, to mourn 1 he miseries of man ! The sun that overhangs yon moors, put-spreading far and wide, AU ^T'^''^^' '^^"•- '« support A haughty lordling's pride ; I ve seen yon weary winter-sun A vvice forty times return ; Look not alone on youthful prime. Or manhood's active might • Man then is useful to his kind' supported is his right ' But see him on the edge of life, VVith cares and sorrows worn Then age and want, oh ! ill-matched pair ! Show man was made to mourn. Many and sharp the numerous ills Inwoven with our frame i More pointed still we make ourselves l"f" ' ROBERT BURNS, 87 Regret, remorse, and shame ! And man, whose heaven-erected face The smiles of love adorn, Man's inhumanity to man Makes countless thousands mourn I Yet, let not this too much, niv son, Disturb thy youthful breast : This partial view of human-kind Is surely not the last ! The poor, oppressed, honest man, Had never, sure, been born. Had there not been some recompense To comfort those that mourn 1 O Deatli ! the jjoor man's dearest friend. The kindest and the best ! Welcome the hour my aged limbs Are laid with thee at rest I The great, the wealthy, fear thy blow. From pomp and jileasure torn ; But, oh ! a blest relief to those That weary-laden mourn 1 "The Smith and Thee Gat Roaring Fou." TAM O'SHANTER. HEN chapman billies leave the street, And drouthy neebors, neebors meet. And market days are wearing late, An' folks begin to tak' the gate ; While we sit bousing at the nappy, An' gettin' fou and unco happy, We think na on the lang Scots miles. The mosses, waters, slaps and styles, That lie between us and our hame. Where sits our sulky sullen dame, Gathering her brows like gathering storm, Nursing her wrath to keep it warm. This truth fand honest Tam O'Shanter, As he frae Ayr ae night did canter (Auld Ayr, wham ne'er a town surpasses. For honest men and bonnie lasses). O Tam ! hadst thou but been sae wise, As ta'en thy ain wife Kate's advice I She tauld thee well thou was a skellum, A blethering, blustering, drunken blellum; That frae November till October, Ae market-flay thou was nae sober : That ilka melder, wi' the miller. Thou sat as lang as thou had siller; 88 kOBERT liUKNS. That ev'ry naig was ca'd a shoe on. lat a the Lord's house, ev'n on S.inr .v llKH. drank wi'KirtonJ^an till Monday' She prophesy'd, that late or soon, Ihuu would be found deep drown 'd in Doon; Or catch'd wi- warlocks in the mirk Uy Alloway's auld hunted kirk ' Ah, gentle dames; it gars me greet lo tinnk how mony counsels Mvee How mony lenghten'd sage advices Ihe husband frae the wife despi est '•0>0<' BRUCE TO HIS MEN COTS wha hae wi Wallace bled, Scots whom Bruce has often led; \Velcome to your gory bed, Or to victorie I Now s the dav, and now's the hour • See the front,' battle lour ; ' bee approach proud Edward's pow'r- Chainsand slaverie 1 Wha will be a traitor-knave? Wha can fill a coward's grave? Wha sae base as be a slave ? Let him turn and flee ! AT BANNOCKBURN. Wha for Scotland's king and law freedom's sword will strongly draw Freeman stand, or freemati fa' ' Let him follow me I By oppression's woes and pains i By our sons in servile chains i " We will drain our dearest veiiis ,But they shall be free! Lay the proud usurpers low f tyrants fall in every foe i Liberty 's in every blow \ Let us do or die 1 '•0^0<' |OVEMBER chill blaws loud wi' angry sugh II I he shortening winter day is near ThTuf ^f^'^.' retreating frae the pleugh • Ihe blackening trains o' craws to^hei repose The to:l-worn cotter frae his labor goes • ^ This night his weekly moil is at an end • > "^ R'"^'!l^'i! '''"'^y ^°^ -wears in view Beneath the shelter of an aged treef ' Th expectant wee things, toddlin, stacher throuirh To mee their dad, wi' flicterin' noise an'Xe His wee b.t mgle, blinkin bonnily, ^'''• His clean hearth-stane, his thriftie wifie's smile The lisping infent prattling on his knee ' An makes him quite forget his labor ^nd his THE COTTER'S SATURDAY NIGHT. Belyve the elder bairns come drappin in At service out, amang the farmers roun' • Some ca' the pleugh, some herd, some tent'ie rin A cannie errand to a neebor tow.™ '" In'ySu'T' ^'^f J-"y. woman grown, in jouthfu bloom, love sparkling in her e'^ Comes^W, perhaps, Jsl^o.' ^i^Z' %,, Or deposit her sair-won pennv-fee To help her parents dear, if they in hardship be. Wi- joy unfeign'd brothers and sisters meet An each for other's weelfare kindly spier ' Each 'tell ?h? ^-f'-w-^d, unnotfc^S fleet Tut ^^^ ""''°' that he sees or hears • I he parents, partial, eye their hope?ul vears'" Anticipation forward points the vie/ ' Ihe mother wi' her needle an' her shears Gars^auld claes look amaist a^' wSl's the The father mixes a' wi' admonition due. But hark Jenny, Tells how To do 1 The wily Sparkle With hei na While . Weel plea les Wi' kindly A strapp; Blythe Jem The fath( The youngs But blate The mothei What ma Weel please thel ROBERT BURNS. But hark I a rap comes gently to the door; Jenny, wha kens the meaning o' the same, Tells how a neebor lad cam' o'er the moor, To do some errands, and convoy her hame. The wily mother sees the conscious flame Sparkle in Jenny's e'e, and flush her cheek ; With heart-struck anxious care, inquires his name, While Jenny hafflins is afraid to speak : Weel jjleased the mother hears it's nae wild worth- less rake : 89 O, happy love, where love like this is fotmd I ^ O heartfelt r' lures I bliss licyond compare I I've paced mucli this weary, mortal round. And sage experience bids me I'.iis declare— " If Heaven a draught of heavenly pleasure spare, One cordial in this melancholy vale, 'Tis when a youthful, loving, modest pair, In other's arms breathe out the tender tale, Beneath the milk-white thorn that scents the even- ing gale." " The sire turns o'er, wi' patriarclial gr; ce. The big Ha'-Bible, ance his father's pride." the Wi' kindly welcome Jenny brings him ben, A strappan youth, he taks the mother's eye; Blythe Jenny sees the visit's no ill-ta'en : The father cracks of horses, pleughs, and kye : The youngster's artless heart o'erflows wi' joy. But blate an' laithfu', scarce can weel behave ; The mother, wi' a woman's wiles, can spy What maks the youth sae bashfu' an' sae grave; Weel pleased to think her bairn's respected like the lave. The cheerfu' supper done, wi' serious face. They round the ingle form a circle wide : The sire turns o'er, wi' patriarchal grace, The big Ha'-Bible, ance his father's pride ; His bonnet reverently is laid aside, His lyart haffets wearin' thin an' bare ; Those strains that once did sweet in Zion glide, He wales a portion with judicious care : And " Let us worship God air. he says, wi' solemp III I* WILLIAM COVVPER POET OF THE DOMESTIC AKFECTIONS .chools. He was apprenfced ,o '?' P"^«"t»n in boardi, ^ appointment in tlie rfouse of Lord, u ^"?'"''y- ""^ obtained 4 Placedhimself under X .1^'' ^^-^onfined for some dl^"'/'™^? . '""' into genial companionlip of th?^^°^'^'■.• "">"'". " clergyman iA H^ ?•" ''' "'^'^''^ sensitive spirit of S.pJX M Z""-?'^' *''■' « contmm heln "j""ffdon, Tl,e Unwin, l,e wrote a^l l,£^ ■ • , '"""''V' ^nd frequentlv af ,|7 support to tlie of Error," "TrutI, ' •• HnP""''^'' P°<="'S' iidudinr-'Tablp T l,f"'^«S?"°" °fMrs. Ano'ther friend Ud?A„ ?'' =" S'''^" ™^"y "'"-hers '' T^*' " The Progress poe^: ""IKt^k •'? *' ''^'■■^''"f""'ani?V;X''S;,;rn 'i^^'Tf '-■-■ -^^ " was and 1,; never wa,..,! 7" """'^"- '"«""'ty recurr-d se^' ?"'' '"' "-"^ ''^'nious sixty-nine He wa3ou?e"'''P'= ^1:^ ''' ^h^d°™ He dfedl",T' *"•'■"*? '"= 'i^ his "Letters" ITuTZ^Ztei'' T'''t°"' "o™ Ae a S' f '^^^ °' ON SLAVERY. From « The Task." Not colored like his "„/ 5 ?'" WILLIAM COWPER. 9' And worse than all, and most to be deplored As hiiiiian Nature's iiroadcst, Ibulcst blot, Chains him, and tasks him, and exacts his sweat Withstrijies, that Mercy with a bictnHng heart Weeps when siie sees inflicted on a iieast. Then what is man? And what man seeing this, And having hmiian feelings, does not blush And hang his head, to think himself a man ? r woidd not have a slave to till my ground, To carry me, to Ian me while I sleep. And tremble wiien i wake, for all the wealth That sinews bought and sold have ever earned. No: dear as freedom is, and in my iieart's Just estimation prized above all pri