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 5 
 
 6 
 
THE 
 
 «.4B51llt 
 
 " '""" ' ' '■!■ I fa> ■' 
 
 > 
 
 MarfQ 
 
 BSSAVS BV WORKING MiiN AND 
 
 OTHERS., r'l^^::^^ ^ i'^^i/^- 
 
 33/ — 
 
 COMPItlBD BT j*^ 
 
 REV. J. MaRPL 
 
 BBINO 
 
 HAMILTON : 
 
 a lAW, BOOK * JOB nUBTBB, 34, JAUK3 STBBJIT. 
 18T2 
 
TH E 
 
 CABINET 
 
 OJB^ 
 
 deutifif §\duU^, 
 
 BEING 
 
 '/a ess a ys by working men and 
 
 OTHERS. 
 
 o>Ko<»- 
 
 COMPILED BY THE 
 
 REV. J. MARPLES. 
 
 -i^C 
 
 HAMILTON : 
 
 B. HAW, BOOK 4 JOB PRISTBB, 34 JAMS? STSS5T. 
 
 1872 
 
"And be not conformed to this world : Liit be ye trangformcd hr 
 the renewing of your mind, that ye may prove what is that good, 
 and acceptable, and perfect, will of God." Jiom. \2lh chap. 2nd v. 
 
 7 
 
 <> 
 
 1 
 
 littl 
 ary 
 Sci 
 
 acc< 
 
 troi 
 I 
 
 ind 
 
 thoi 
 
 the 
 fait! 
 moa 
 
 ruin 
 ffeni 
 
 It 
 emp 
 
PRE FACE 
 
 1 
 
 -«» 
 
 by 
 
 3d, 
 
 'A 
 
 « 
 
 <? 
 
 It is to be distinctly understood, that in putting thi 
 little Book to press, the Compiler has no arabition^ for liter- 
 ary fame. His sole object is the promotion of Philotophy 
 Science^ and Industry ; and if he be at all successful in 
 accomplishing that, he will feel amply rewai-ded for his 
 trouble. 
 
 In as much as the Beaver, which is a constructive and 
 industrious animal, is the national emblem of Canada, it is 
 thought that if Canadians would give more attention to 
 the original principles of their eountiy, and labour more 
 faithfully to carry out its true purposes, it would be the 
 moans of saving this grand Dominion from the vortex o<" 
 
 ruin by which it is threatened in the form of a spurious 
 geniility. 
 
 It were effeminacy and frivolity that overwhelmed the 
 empire of ancient Bomo. 
 
 The Compiler. 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 There is an idea prevailing amongst men, that Labor 
 ovinduitry is at least an intolerable burden, if not a great 
 curse. All this is utterly erroneous; for so far from being 
 an evil, it is an unspeakable benefit, indeed it possesses 
 many and various benefits. Amongst these one of the fore- 
 most is that of Gfencra? ^ea/f A. The line ofJuvenal ox- 
 presses what I moan by this— "^en« mna in corpore sana 
 —"a sound mind in a sound body." Industry when scien- 
 tifically pm-sued, has the effect of training all our powers, 
 and gives us great efficiency in the discharge of the relative 
 duties of life. Dr. Smith has appropriately set forth this 
 matter as follows: — 
 
 We consider education to be u$e/ul knowledge, to bo 
 practical training for all pursuits in life ; to be culture, 
 growth, discipline; learning to think, learning to act- 
 educing the statue from the block of marble; to be the 
 development of mind and body : to be the development 
 of the whole man, physically, mentally, morally; to be a 
 preparation for business, for accidents, for casualties, for 
 success, in every walk or effort of life— in short, education 
 is that highest good of the body considered in itself, and 
 may be summed up in the word — Health. 
 
 We need not stop to define this prime excellence or 
 well-being of our corporeal organism— health. It is suffi- 
 cient, in this place, to observe, that there is such a state of 
 being better than all others, and tfierefbre most desirable. 
 A healthy body is the natural state of man, and is the 
 best condition for the development of a healthy mind 
 Physical education, therefore, aims at the harmonious de- 
 velopment of all parts of the human body, as a means to 
 health of mind, and health of soul. Physical education is 
 one of the first religious duties ; nor can any real progress 
 in manners, conduct, grace, or any permanent prosperity 
 or happmess be prciHctod on any other basis than sound 
 minds m sound bodies. He that has these, has little more 
 to wish for. He or she that wants either of them is but 
 little the better for anything else." ' 
 
•^ 
 
 hat Labor 
 not a great 
 from being 
 . possesses 
 of the fore- 
 uvenal ex- 
 rpore $ana^ 
 vhea scien- 
 nr powers, 
 he relative 
 forth this 
 
 dge, to bo 
 )e culture, 
 g to act; 
 to be the 
 velopment 
 Y; to be a 
 ualtios, for 
 education 
 itself, and 
 
 Another benefit is the attainment of Wealth. It may be 
 in mechanical pursuits, commerce, agricnlture, or profes- 
 sional life ; but when Industry is pursued with pci'sever- 
 ance and guided by philosophy and science, it is sure to 
 achieve success. 
 
 Nor are moral influences and Divine pow«r the less ob- 
 tained in the use of appropriate moans. Tliis, in fact, 
 forms the crowning blessing. 
 
 The way in which Scientific Industry is to be successfully 
 pursued is, to commerce in the Intellect ; the intellect to 
 bear on the will; the will on the nerves ; the nerves on the 
 muscles; — all, falling on the muscles at the shoulders; 
 and the whole driven homo by the power o! Passion. 
 
 This is a subject worthy of more attention than it has 
 yet received; and if taken up with interest, and prosecut- 
 ed with prudence, concentration and determination, it is 
 calculated to be a blessing, not only to the community at 
 large, but to generations yet unborn. 
 
 JOUN MARPLES. 
 
 Beamsville, Ontario, July 9th, 1872. 
 
 ellence or 
 It is sufii- 
 i a state of 
 i desirable, 
 ind is the^ 
 Ithy mind, 
 louious de- 
 means to 
 lucation is 
 il progress 
 prosperity 
 han sound 
 iittle more 
 3m, is but 
 
 Jis^ 
 
THE 
 
 09 
 
 ®®iiif If 1® iiiiiiif 
 
 M 
 
 ! I 
 
 LIFE'S CHJID1N& STAB. 
 
 The youth, whose bark is guided o'er 
 
 A summer stream by zephyr's breath, 
 With idle gaze, delights to pore 
 
 On imaged skies that gW beneath: 
 -Bat should a fleeting storm arise, 
 
 To shade awhile the watery way, 
 Quick lifts to heaven his anxious eyes, 
 
 And speeds to reach some shelteiing bay, 
 
 Tjs *h«fl down Time's eventful tide, 
 
 T« T V » P^P?^?« *>'^zes gentle blow, 
 In Life s trail bark we gaily ride 
 
 Our hopes, om- thoughts, all fixed below; 
 Hut let one cloud the prospect dim— 
 j.«^ TTiiiu its v^uier stiiinesH mar, 
 tS?^® we raised our cry to Him 
 Who^ light is Life's best Guiding Star. 
 
 «'Lot 
 
 ! ting out 
 
 up a sic 
 
 torth inl 
 
 ' arc ymal 
 
 i iiing oul 
 
 j nil that I 
 
 ; may aft't 
 
 there is 
 
 we shou 
 
 ers — to ( 
 
 ; nition in 
 
 (^elf, and 
 
 ciple tha 
 
 which h 
 
 This is t 
 
 mands t 
 
 priest ar 
 
 be decid( 
 
 bound les 
 
 — school 
 
 what shi 
 
 But 
 For 
 To( 
 And 
 Phil 
 By] 
 Fea] 
 And 
 Whi 
 
ECUIPMENT FOE LIFE. 
 
 " Lot 118 but remember what we are about — we arc fit- 
 ting out man for the struggles of life ; wo are not fitting 
 up a storehouse for the use of a philosopher. Man goes 
 forth into the world as a soldier goes forth into a cam- 
 paign. His wants are boundless, his means of carriage 
 arc small. Can any service bo greater than that of plan- 
 ning out and assorting his pack of knowledge, rejecting 
 all that shall cumber his movements, selecting all that 
 may afto-d materials for the work he has to do ? Surely 
 there is no more urgent task for us to perform than that 
 we should employ our v/isest heads to consider man's pow- 
 ers — to consider man's necessities — to consider man's po- 
 sition in relation to his Maker, his duty to God, to him- 
 self, and to his neighbor, and then decide upon what prin- 
 ciple that small pack of knowledge shall be composed, 
 which he can advantageously bear witli him into life. — 
 This is the question of questions, — a question that de- 
 mands for its solution the highest qualification of the 
 priest and the philosopher, while we leave the question to 
 bo decided by the unlettered mechanic. Man's wants are 
 boundless ; his means of carriage are small ; life is short 
 — school-time is still shorter — knowledge is infinite; — 
 what shall his pack of knowledge be?" 
 
 TEE PEAISE 0? FHIL0S0FH7, > 
 
 But now let other themes our care engage : 
 
 For lo, with modest yet majestic grace, 
 
 To curb, Imagin:^tion's lawless rage, 
 
 And from within the cherished heart to Brace, 
 
 Philosophy appeare. The gloomy race 
 
 By Indolence and moping fancy bred, 
 
 Feai*, Discontent, SoHcitud© give place. 
 
 And Hope and Courage brighten in their stead, 
 
 While on the kindling soul her vital beams hrtt ohoH 
 
'It 
 
 With gluttony SdeaS.*' 1?f«' "«»"■»'. 
 
 Is a dark waste* whore «; 7''^ "'■"' '"■to-ght 
 
 ^rom Jfature'8 face C^% - shadown fly ' 
 
 And orde^eharrthf^yera^^^^^^ 
 
 Tn tK. ^ harmony the ears 
 
 The%f X:tt"a„Vi^tT-''. "o -re 
 Nor in the fall of moniS»- •'^,'''"'"'<'™ dwell ■ 
 Of Winds, is heart tra'"rv ''"'!"?■ <»• ""n ' 
 No wizard mnttera ti. / *^'^>^ *?'"'« ye" i 
 
 Nor bid, thsTot:? ^■JuCll'?'^^"; 
 
 To ease of fancied pains the l»h "■""?«'« ««'«", 
 
 0-haaothoshade''thSt&'t'lJS''o\ f 
 ManvaJonrri- . ""*^'"gorbofnoon. 
 
 f un^d^;^?^:-^^^^^^^^ ^-ely isie, 
 1^0, with dim oves ff^f ^"rbu ence of waves 
 And tremblin^Cni ;^ -^^^^^^^^^^ to .L"ie, 
 Of Heaven Jiis wreteh«,J f„ ®?®^ "»tivo craves 
 Or scoi-ched on mel« k '^^^ ' ^^i^^ering in cavf^ 
 ^nt Science gC h'w'^ rd'H ^1 ^ 4 ' 
 The «ur/?o and t«m J.78T^J !^".<^ '»» iie bravfi« *^ 
 
lought ; • 
 
 hfc. 
 t 
 
 taught 
 'ts howl ; 
 I soul. 
 
 *nd Space, 
 
 3 to trace, 
 
 gh? 
 >ars, 
 
 the 
 
 ears. 
 
 well, 
 of noon. 
 
 0, 
 
 ives 
 tves, 
 
 9 
 
 And even where Nature loads the teeming pUiin 
 With the full pomp of vegetable store, 
 Her bounty unimproved, is deadly bane : 
 Dark woods, and rankling wilds, from shore to shore. 
 Stretch their enormous gloom ; which to explore, 
 Even Fancy trembles in her sprightliest mood ; 
 For there, each eye-ball gleams with lust of gore, 
 Nestles each murderous and each monstrous brood, 
 Plague lurks in every shade, and steams from every 
 flood. 
 
 'Twas from Philosophy man learned to tame -- 
 
 The soil by plenty to intemperance ^'^d. 
 
 Lo, from the echoing axe, and thu.. jring flame, 
 
 Poison and plague and yelling rage are fled. 
 
 The waters, bursting from their slimy bed. 
 
 Bring health and melody to every vale : 
 
 And from the breezy main, and mountain's head, 
 
 Ceres and Flora to the sunny dale, 
 
 To fan their glowing charms, invite the flult'ring gale 
 
 What dire necessities on every hand 
 
 Our art, our strength, our fortitude require I 
 
 Of foes intestme what a numerous band 
 
 Against this little throb of life conspire I 
 
 Yet Science can elude their fatal ire 
 
 A while, and turn aside Death's levoil'd dart, 
 
 Soothe the sharp pang, allay the fever's fire. 
 
 And brace the nerves once more, and cheer the heart, 
 
 And yet a few soft days and balmy days impart. 
 
 Nor less to regulate man's moral frame 
 Science exerts her all-composing sway. 
 Flutters thy breast with fear, or pants for fame. 
 Or pines to Indolence and Spleen a prey, 
 Or Avarice, a fiend more fierce than thny ? 
 Flee to the shade of Acamedus' grove ; 
 Where cares molest not, discord melts away 
 
Ill 
 
 10 
 of Love. " """^^ <>"'•"«> breathed from the lips 
 
 They smTe ^t p^enuri'^lS'"" f "■«"■ *«" ' 
 And oceans fmm t(.^' "'•^"f. •'"nd storm; 
 
 Of polity, thattdst'hrw^^rnt'"*' 
 Secure 8ha'! lift its head rlT- I *'^®' 
 
 Th ' assault of foreio-n or Hn ^'^> "^^* ^^«'' 
 While nnhi;«V -1?^ ?^ domestic crime 
 
 — Bbattie. 
 
 i 
 
 THE TBUB PEOVIWCE OP SCIEMCB. 
 
 its'SLZ^tel'ifaVd^av?.""""^' '?" <«'-- -» 
 ern thonght, and it impUes a m,^ '"' f ?*",' "«='« <"' mod- 
 quiry applied to subi^te not hT T",""' ™«1'od of in- 
 a manned. The eSti bee,w™ ?««" ""'' '" «> »'"<=' 
 morly widely senaratnrff^,T' *"" '"•■"7 subjocts, fjr- 
 
 1 
 
11 
 
 ible and observable phenomena, one causing another, oria 
 any way related to another, belong properly to science 
 tor investigation . Intellect, feeling, human action, Ian 
 guage, education, history, morals, religion, law, commerce, 
 and all social relations and activities, answer to this con- 
 dition ; each has its basis of fact, which is the legitimate 
 subject matter of scientific inquiry. Those, therefore, 
 who consider that observatory-watching, laboratory-work 
 or the dredging of the sea for specirncns to be classified, is 
 all there is to science, make a serious mistake. Science 
 truly means continuous intelligent observation of the 
 characters of men, as well as the character of insects. It 
 means the analysis of mind as well as that of chemical 
 substances. It means the scrutiny of evidence, in regard 
 to political theories, as inexorable as that applied to 
 theories of comets . It means the tracing of cause and 
 effect in the sequences of human conduct as well as in the 
 sequences of atmospheric change. It means strict in- 
 ductive inquiry as to how society has come to be what it 
 is, as well as how the rocky systems have come to be 
 what they are. In short, science is riot the mystery of a 
 class, but the common interest of rational being, in whom 
 thinking determines action, and whose highest concern 
 it is that thought shall be brought into the exactest har- 
 mony with things — and this is the supreme purpose of 
 education. — " 
 
 Dr. YOUMAN. 
 
 
 TECHNICAL EDUCATION. 
 
 The question may be asked — "What is a technical edu- 
 cation in the abstract ?" A distinguished engineer gives 
 the answer as follows — "Clearly every branch of know- 
 ledge that can help the working man to perfection in work, 
 
but 
 
 II f 
 
 as clearly nolhing tj.at 
 
 12 
 
 without ;^lZi:^^i;^!!f:^^'^'^^Vly occupy his time 
 pulative .kill." " ^' "'^ important acquiHiJin of ma!?^^ 
 
 nieeting with that amount of r.l "\ ^^^'^" P'«>'f«"', is n t 
 serves, and which it m"st ^ifZTf '"'^1^^^'^ ^^^i^h it de 
 maintain that superio i v ' . ^^'^^ ^'^^eive, if we are to 
 or which we hav^bee /«o ZtT '"^ ^«^^''>" "^^^Lts 
 ;" past generations d^astated 7""'^ ^^^ ^^''-^^'^ ^'^ eh 
 trade, divei-ted the mS of n., n^^"^'"""^' ^^^^'^^^^'od 
 h'om such matters, and ga4 t T-^""''"^"*^' "«'^^hbors 
 the 2nari<ets, it is to be hop\^ LfM ?""'" advantage in 
 and we will be- under tKlutT,! ""^ '^^'^ «ccur again" 
 «omo other ,means of VusH n n "^ "^'"'^'^^^ «^ ^eekin" 
 neiirhbors an^ rivals in tlTrT^ ^ ^'"^ position. If 'm. 
 eircumstancos of na^" ^,^1^? ^« ^^> by a change in S 
 With ourselves in regard' fo Z "^'^ ^ ^«"ting ot^ua! fy 
 ?"««/.7^, we must adopt SI ch^ F^f ' °^ P^'o^i.^et on n 
 wd ensure that the S-lo^"*''"'^" "^^^""^"'^^ture ^ 
 ohullenge attention. ^But ffl. t- ^T'^ ^^^^^^'^ «'^"^''""e to 
 an equality such as thirsho2 ''^'' "^^ ^«»tent with 
 a»^d rinish of their p oduction ^Jt^''''^' "'^ '" ^he stv o 
 a general application to he ' "tulv' V."?""^^ '^'' "'^ ^u? 
 winch underlie all our m-xtmfJf ^^ ''^ ^^""'^ Principles 
 niechanical details. We mw "''"^ P^'-cesses' and oi^ 
 wc-kmen, to educate them Tn thrh"""- '"''" '« ^^^'"^^^<« on' 
 are inaividually oiiira<4d Jf ' ^ ''"^'' '" ^^^1^^ ther 
 workman understaSthe rl^ZT'' ''^^"' that unless h'e 
 ^« constructed, or the nrocn^ 1 • ^''^*\"P«" ^^"ch his work 
 gaged, that his usefulCsJX ^^^ ^'^ ^^«i'j on- 
 
 variety of work npon wh l-h L >T!f '-^^ curtailed ; tl?e 
 •miteci, and the perllcTion to ^^f ^' ^"'^"^^^^ will be 
 leered a mere matter Of chance Tt-' may attain, ren- 
 nighest importance to n^ n« n f' ,- '"' t^'erofbre, of the 
 ten to put i,,,,j;^Vinto a " f;;";-^^ "''^^''^^"' that' wJ ha.! 
 bors in the matter of work £1" 'T'"'^^* ^« «"r neigh- 
 -'---Wledge^^!^-^--;^^W^ 
 
Py his time 
 ^ion of mani- 
 
 Jfair, i.s not 
 ^vhich it de- 
 'f we are to 
 rn marlcets 
 vars which, 
 > batiifshed 
 ' icighborH 
 vantage in 
 'cnr airain, 
 >f seeking 
 '• If our 
 nge in the 
 >f equality 
 iic'tion in 
 Hoturo as 
 n tin lie to 
 ent with 
 the stylo 
 <>'• lis but 
 •I'inciples 
 
 and our 
 loate our 
 ich thoj- 
 nlo«s the 
 1 in work 
 lily en- 
 wl; the 
 
 will be 
 i», ren- 
 
 of the 
 kVo has- 
 
 neiy^h- 
 must 
 't that 
 
 13 
 
 \vc may be able to exhibit the results in mu-ioiims and na- 
 tional curiosity shops, or to amuse people by experiments 
 and popular displays. We must become acquainted with 
 these sciences through a feeling that wo need their assist- 
 ance, that their help has become an absolute necessity. 
 
 It is notorious that in a majority of our workshops the 
 workmen are not only ignorant of the principlc« they are 
 continually developing — they seldom make reference to 
 them — but work on a^ if entirely independent of their aid. 
 The processes which thoy daily see taking place and the 
 meclmnical manipulations which they daily perform ai'e 
 productive, in their minds, of no intelligent series of re- 
 flections. They have too long been accustomed to work 
 by rote or to pattern, and the system has borne its natur- 
 al fruit — a care le.'=;8n ess and indift'erence as to whether 
 there are any such ultimate principles, and if so, whether 
 these are being fully (ievoloped or thoroughl}'' understood. 
 It is time such a state of m:itters was brought to an end, 
 and that our workmen were taught, not only 1o do the 
 mechanical part of their duties in a ])ro|)or manner, but 
 that thoy should be taught that underlying all their pro- 
 cesses and all their manipulations is a set of princip'cs or 
 system of sciences to which they are, in spite of them- 
 selves, giving force and expression. 
 
 But we must not suppose that the wof^kmen are the 
 onl}^ ignorant parties. Masters are often as oblivious to 
 tl!0 existence of principles as the stupidest among their 
 men. For their sakes, therefore, as well as for the work- 
 men, we consider that technical education has become a 
 great necesaity — a, necessity we must supply if we are to 
 keep our place among trading nations. — Edinha>gh Re- 
 yormer , 
 
u 
 
 TEE IMPORTANCE OP A wmjirT^T^ , 
 A SCISITTIPIC I^TOeSS^^^^^ 
 
 OCCUPATION ^^^ °^ 
 
 Kieas m the world : the one ,foL ""J'^"^^^ «^ notions or 
 ihe one true, and the otC fa S. 1?^ ^'^^ ^^^^^^ wron^ 
 vve see, hear, feel, taste or .r^ii?-. ^^'^ everythin^r. that 
 of ideas, and is imended to ^vo '^ ''; ''^''' ""' "^ «"^ber 
 and to have a correct knowIpn^« iJr ^^'^^'^'on of ideas- 
 i^ave scientific thoughts or IS If "^'"'^^ «"^ Art is to 
 Bun, and finds it in the east in%).^"^ '"^^ iooks at the 
 West in the evening, and L«fhf .?''''" ^'"^ «"^ '" he 
 shows his iffnorance^' AnotSlInl '^^ ^"" "^«^'e«- this 
 east to west, and tells me that Ih ""K^^^ change f^om 
 there/ore the sun, though stat o-^ T*^ ^«« mov-ed, and 
 this is science. If J travel from th J' ^'! '^^^^^ ^^ "^o v"^ 
 east, when I start 8t. Paul's i^Tn .1! "^^'^ of London to the 
 arnved at the eastern end S Pa,^r?«^.' hut when I have 
 the same has happened with refn. V^ '" ^^^ ^^'^^^j and 
 reference to St. haul's thItwoXf '""'^ Position in 
 gi^at bmlding had passeS byTe ,ndl "T"''"^ '' '^^' 
 west. We mention this as an iuL?- ^""^^ itself at my 
 between incorrect ideas and "clentifi^'o^^^^ 
 
 Every person must have richt . 
 there is no reason why a hpd£ ^^"^^"^ "thoughts, and 
 ger, should not have i^ corrfc'"^ ^'^^^^^^ «r f sciven 
 a prince or a nobleman wXn''°' ""^ ^"^^^^^^eas 
 women have naturally the 8a^« ^-^^ ""'" ^"'^ ^orkin^ 
 adies, or queens. DiLct VheXd^ 0/ ""'""'««« ^^^l^! 
 
 XI cut'^io XTv' '"' ^^ ifanvnl.^.?f.\"^^'v-^ and 
 
 «oul of Lord Bacon 
 
 I 
 
 alys 
 or Sir Isaac 
 
 ^. 
 
'BADE OR 
 
 nowiedge is 
 i notions or 
 her wron^y; 
 rthing that 
 f* a number 
 >e.- for the 
 •n of ideas ; 
 f^ Art is to 
 ooks at the 
 «nd in the 
 ^oves: this 
 lange from 
 noved, and 
 d to move: 
 idon to the 
 hen I have 
 ^•est; and 
 )osition in 
 ed if that 
 elf at my 
 difference 
 
 ghts, and 
 a scaven- 
 ^ledge as 
 working 
 as lords, 
 ress and 
 i'ves, and 
 analys- 
 is Isaac 
 
 15 
 
 Newton, and that of a chinine;f-sweei)er, it would have been 
 found that both were made out of the same divine ma- 
 terial. There can be no just cause why a scullion should 
 iiot have as correct opinions as a princess or a philosopher. 
 The minds of women are tiie same as those of men, and as 
 caprble of receiving and retaining philosophical informa- 
 tion ; and in many instances have tar more need of scien- 
 tific knowledge. 
 
 All labour is performed scientifically or unscientifically ; 
 but one great advantage of the former is, that it lightens 
 toil and gives pleasure to the mind. Every operative 
 ought to be well acquainted with the mechanical powerf. 
 These are five in number — namely, the wheel and axle ; 
 the lever ; the inclined plane ; the screw ; and the pulley. It 
 is impossible for any one to tell the extent to which the^o 
 lessen the labour of man. 
 
 "What an immense aid, for example, is the lever I A 
 thorough understanding of this one power would Avipe the 
 sweat from the face of millionp, and render their labour 
 comparatively light. A scientitic operative can do more 
 work with less labour than an unscientific one. A porter 
 who is carrying a burden, if he understands the laws of 
 Nature respecting the centre of gravity, will bo able so to 
 adjust his load as greatlj to ease his shoulders. The same 
 may be said of loadfng a truck or cart. This one law re- 
 specting the centre of gravity is as extensive as the 
 material universe, and as immutable as the throne of God ; 
 so that if there is a man in the moon who has to carry 
 burdens or load trucks, he must obey it, or pay the penal- 
 ty of disobedience. I have heard a "man cuise his burden, 
 fall into a passion with his wheel-barrow, or swear at his 
 donke3'; when the only thing to blame was the centre of 
 gravity, or rather himself for not knowing its universal, 
 immutable, and omnipotent laws. Had he studied and 
 obeyed these, ho might have saved his ass from stumbling, 
 his cart from overturning, his shoulders from being galled, 
 his body from being tired, his temper from being ruffled ; 
 
and, 
 been 
 
 instead of be 
 lie 
 
 16 
 
 aminfr fi„ 
 
 ana a devout Christi-m .' """."''^'"ft tJie laws of Natm-p- 
 load which seemed to Ihreaton^n^? , ■ ^'""' ^^e very 
 
 -" w ,„ve ,H.e„ h, .so-i^r^rr ^^i^r'' ^■•"■"'' 
 
 tii>«, the children are starved^""^?^'- ^''^^* ^^'^"t of 
 jmoke, the potatoes halted t ^T' ^"'^'^ ^^'-^h 
 the furniture snoilpr? '. '^^^^^^ or sodden into n-m 
 
 a» » it ha<l bee,. XS in'l.rL'"-?' "'"'•' ^"^ 
 wasled without pui-hasin/.V "■"'*?'' i the monevi, 
 to^^per, the famiir,^ irbel.:^^^'";;'' '''^ ^^'^ ■■^ ouTof 
 g.n-Bhop or PPt-house-and Tt 2; '"'"''''"'' "'«» to a 
 --.-e,ototheui:^^2^^ 
 
 ja^u:? ^ul^i^^^f r^^^ll-^, With o,. tithe of the 
 
 house a physical paradise. Bvasm. 'r"^ "^^^^^^ the 
 I have known a month's cloS^s ot . i""^ ^^^'^^^'^nce 
 
 according to the old moZlTJ '""'"^'^ ^^n^^b^ wliich 
 taken three or C d^;roTs5j^'^«^'^^"^*«' woiild h ve 
 hurrj-scurry, damp, feier helf ?^^' '^''^''."'^«' ^IJ-tempe, 
 washed, ironed, and puravvavTn'th'T^"'' *«• '^'« /a 1 
 
 ■n the hand. of^^^.^'^^J^^^. ^^^^ 
 
 In everv frtrif^ ar.A . "oing, woman 
 
 labourer i'« Every 
 
 the bee or beaver, workin^rthe i k^ .^^ ^"^" ^''^^ 
 gies of science without hfv L tL lefjt^''f^^""^'"^ P^'^^^'- 
 8ki . This ought not to be ^AnL'f '"^"^^ ^^^"« ^wn 
 instinct but reason and science are^hl T^' ^^''^ ^^'^m 
 ^o. mankmd , nor should the ^^Zl^^^^Zi;!!^ 
 
 k 
 
y, mio-ht have 
 «of Nature J 
 
 benevoIcDce 
 Js the \Qvy 
 ito the earth, 
 iven . 
 
 I'o al] intcj-- 
 80 that our 
 ^o he Well 
 J^or want of 
 ft' Nod with 
 "ito pap, 
 I't as dingy 
 le money ia 
 ^« is out of 
 I flies to a 
 ■iven to the 
 transported 
 
 '•the of the 
 made the 
 
 of science 
 i'y, wJiich 
 ouid have 
 11- temper, 
 '• 'fee , all 
 
 less than 
 lie driven 
 )f science, 
 voman ! 
 
 Every 
 ften like 
 n^^ prodi- 
 1"8 own 
 J'k from 
 ^1' guides 
 nachine, 
 
 17 
 
 moved by the skill philosophy of others ; his mind should 
 he as well versed with the science ot his trade as his hand 
 is with the art ; and to arrive at this degree of knowledge 
 is not so hard as some suppose, because there are truth 
 and philosopy in everything. The quarryman, in hewing 
 stones ; the mason or statuary, in shaping them ; or the 
 poor man in breaking them, have had volumes of facta 
 before their eyes, which, it registered, might have settled 
 all the knotty points in minerology. And the same may 
 be said of him who sinks mines, levels hills, cuts through 
 the hearts of mountains, or even lays down the gravel or 
 pebbles in the garden walk. How true the words, that 
 the thinking fini 
 
 "Tongues in trees, books in the running brooks, 
 Sermons in stones, and good in everything!" 
 
 Every worker in iron, brass, tin, copper, steel, silver, or 
 gold, is perpetually experimenting on those metals, and 
 therefore has an immense sphere of natural science and 
 philosophy glittering before him. What a physiologist 
 the butcher ought to be ! What a botanist, entomologist, 
 and, indeed, naturalist, generally, every farmer's man and 
 dairymaid might become I Many of these have ten thous- 
 and more advantages for study than Solomon. The phil- 
 osopher walks miles in pursuit of truth ; but truth follows 
 and environs the cowherds, shepherds, and ploughmen. 
 The experimentalist has to put up forges, or furnish labor- 
 atories, at great trouble and expense ; but the smeltor, the 
 blacksmith, the founder, the glass-blower, and a hundred 
 other mechanics and operatives, have all this apparatus 
 daily before ihem, and therefore, without any trouble, 
 might sound the depths and scan the heights of knowledge. 
 Nothing would be required but a little observation. 
 
 We have made these remarks to show that philosophy 
 is within the reach of every working man and working 
 woman, especially the science of their own particular 
 trade or calling. Cheap books, unfolding the elements and 
 principles of mechanics, architecture, carpentry, building, 
 
i 
 
 
 f 
 
 18 
 
 e^ci^v'oTh'^.'l^n""'^^"''^"^- ^^^««^ture, and indeed almost 
 evoiy other calling or occupation, can now be procured 
 
 It is easier on this point to write a volume than a na^G • 
 
 tnUoVle'nX^'o *?r'^^ ^^ ^"^"-^^'" -^ t?"^b?:^we 
 will not lengthen out the present article. We have trvpat 
 
 r meTa'nd wo F''"' --Phisticated sense offhew^ort 
 J?^*? u ^. "^^^^'"^^^^e" of tliis day. We believe 
 that t« be scientific mechanics and operatives wm soon ^ 
 one object of their must ardent pursuit. Yar ou reaso^ 
 will induce them to attend to thiJ important duty. 
 
 ScLncfa^d"" nh^r/'T '^i'^ork better and with less labour. 
 tociente and philosophy are ministering spirits to the son^ 
 and daughters of toil, and are destined^ to shorten ?ho 
 hours and lessen the fatigue of their employment and 
 thus give them leisure, for intellectual and moSSulte 
 We believe m a time not far distant when every o pemt ?; 
 
 ^Hln«o T'^T '^"^^. ^' ^ ^^° «f scientific reTeS and 
 philosophical acquirments. «aeait.u ana 
 
 «/J* ,r^*™*'*««P^«''««"-e arising from his knowing the 
 il «tf H ^^^ ^^- 'y here/ore " of his ^falling will aS him 
 to study its principles. We were all mafe to to philos? 
 phers. Every mind is inquisitive j and the gratificatrn 
 of this mental appetite is one of om^ highest luluries 
 
 ni. Science can raise the worMna man in various wav, 
 HiB master appreciating his skill, will advance WrwaZ* 
 
 ^monftt'^'- \"P''^^^^^^^ /^^^^' "^^y '^^^ his po^S 
 amongthe higher order of minds in the country Asa 
 citizen he belongs to an aristocracy too iX to* be the 
 creation of monarchs. His science may evenLlt nlace 
 him side by side with our Franklins, ArkSte and 
 others. Study also will make all the ibsSr benches 
 of knowledge easy, and even religion will hTseer i^?hout 
 ^'^li;y'at^ '''" "^^^"^ BoliaIly/intel£afi;:t'^^ 
 
ideed almost 
 be procured 
 any excuse 
 
 han a page ; 
 therefore we 
 5 have great 
 )f the work— 
 We beh'eve 
 will soon be 
 ious reasons 
 ity. 
 
 I less labour. 
 to the sons 
 shorten the 
 yment, and 
 al pursuits. 
 y operative 
 search and 
 
 owing the 
 allure him 
 3e philoso- 
 ratification 
 iurios. 
 
 "ious ways. 
 his wages. 
 3 position 
 irj. As a 
 to be the 
 ally place 
 ^hts, and 
 branches 
 n without 
 [tally, and 
 
 19 
 
 We only add, in conclusion, that, by proper effort, all 
 our operatives, of both sexes, can thus improve themselves, 
 and bless their country and their world. 
 
 ** Much food is in the tillage of the poor ; but there is that is 
 destroyed for want of judgment." Prov. XIII, 23, 
 
 HO^OE TO THE TOILING HAND. 
 
 All honor to the toiling hand, 
 
 Or in the field or mine ; 
 Or by the hissing steam machine. 
 
 Or on the heaving brine. 
 Whatever loom, or bark, or plough. 
 
 Hath wrought to bless our land ; 
 Or wrought around, above below. 
 
 We owe the toiling hand . 
 Then, honor — honor to the toiling hand. 
 
 It battles with the elements ; 
 
 It breaks the stubborn sward ; 
 It rings the forge, the shuttle throws. 
 
 And shapes the social board ; 
 It conquers climo, it stems the wave, 
 
 And bears from every strand 
 The sweetest, best ot all we have, 
 
 Gifts of the toiling hand. 
 Then, honor — honor to the toiling hand. 
 
 THE DIGNITY OF LABOB. 
 
 It has been too much the fashion in modem times to 
 regard the working man as occupying an inferior position 
 in the social scale ; and this has doubtless arisen from 
 
20 
 
 benefits on tho oommSl'n^T''^ ?"«"•« inestimab lo 
 We and character, f ulfifelL end „?h'- *r!P""«^ ^is o»^ 
 latl f/w^P^r '"■the greM Creator .^;"«' ""<' '^"'•'•'«'* 
 
 ■dlenes«.rpanperismwTu|dbJ »"''''r''''«'! » "'ate if 
 of mdusf-ious and hon^t i„depeS.f ™'?<' .""at » "^'e 
 
 test^o-tn^/^'.oSt^i^Lv^ro^f;^^^^^^^ 
 
 gaJt^ttre^S'^-^-rV''™ -»*ed in 
 to be when pushed to tS CS'r show themselves 
 very much question whether iS!'^'« consequences, we 
 great extent. LurltinL anrt k-J^^ ''"' ""t prevail La 
 I'ght, as false prinSi evl h'''?? ''•emselves from the 
 bers of our felWS at o,^ ' • ."^ ^^^ influence num 
 tertain them, and Suce vert"" >^''"S "««« "ho en-' 
 suits in the mvi-ia<W*i ^ ""J"»' and disastrons Z 
 tion to these fZ vIeWs w"^"'-"' *"''• ^o-^^n opLs?" 
 serttheftgnityTSr »?'ntain «■« t™thlTa;" 
 »?n the right i be «»S"^ I« <"ata for the lab^ri^g 
 fui and elevated positiM ^ thf occupying a highly use 
 ly do we call on W lS?ow » >*^*' «=»'« • anf eLesf 
 «tion 5.: labonngTen o^C'^*'! '".''""^ their C pe- 
 at their H they may i^^*" f »?<» o'' vainly repini^t 
 hoiw, and with that d^o^K,;' T'"" approLiou J^f 
 their position as honS Wu,t '"t' ''^'"^ ^^^- 
 
 or Others, m^. ^ ^r^^.^ " jl^'*^^? .*<»• the benefit of him.eji- 
 
 I mand 
 I with 
 
 1*1 II 
 
 -4 
 
^ave assuniod 
 'sa de^rajdinu; 
 who iaithfuljy 
 fs inestimable 
 ►lines his own 
 ij?, and cajTies 
 ^vere tnio that 
 'e vvho labors 
 'd ; a state of 
 d that a state 
 
 the indolent, 
 >uid take the 
 
 en stated in 
 
 themselves 
 quences, we 
 Jrevail to a 
 3s from the 
 uence num. 
 36 who en- 
 sastrous re- 
 > in opposi. 
 th — ^we as- 
 »e laboring 
 'ighly use- 
 Qd earnest- 
 air true po- 
 '^ repiofno- 
 >ation i.i.T 
 
 h becrioes 
 ocietj . 
 
 ig useful , 
 fied one; 
 )f himself 
 He may 
 'ted men; 
 
 21 
 
 he may bo surrounded by luxurie.?, and have at his com- 
 mand every pensual gratification ; ho may affect to regard 
 with indifference or scorn the honest, diligent worker who 
 ; earns his bread by the sweat of his brow ; but, notwith- 
 I standing all tins vuin ;.arade, a proud assumption, if he 
 has nogleciL'fl w oxei l his faculties to some useful pur- 
 I pose, he is truly degraded, and, in point of true dignity of 
 I character, infinitely below the humblest and poorest of the 
 sons 'i '..ill . The usefulness of labor is evinced in the 
 comforts and conveniences of life which it produces, and 
 its consequent dignity is shown in the elevation and re- 
 finement of those nations where it is constantly and sys- 
 tematically exorcised. Without continuous and well-ap- 
 plied labor, man would ever remain in a barbarous and 
 savage state ; he would frequently be left destitute of the 
 first necessaries of life, while those refined comforts and 
 enjoyments which contribute so much to elevate the char- 
 actor would be utterly unknown ; and instead of rising in 
 the social scale, or progressing in civilization, he would 
 sink almost to the level of brutes. 
 
 How widely different is the condition of the working 
 peoples ; how elevated and dignified are those industrious 
 nations among whom the laboring principle is recognized 
 and developed ! It is only when man becomes a diligent 
 and faithful worker, that ho achieves the dignity of use- 
 fulness; then, indeed, it may be said of him that he ob- 
 tains the mastery of the material world, and dovelopes, 
 for useful purposes, all those materials of civilization with 
 which it abounds ; then, and only then, is it that, under 
 the ir fi once of his untiring energies, and his indomitable 
 will, guided by his intellect, the intractable earth yields 
 forth her concealed treasures— the pathless forest becomes 
 a smiling plain, covered with his habitations ; the arid 
 wastes bloom as a garden, ramistering at once to his 
 sense of the beautiful- and to the wants of his physical na- 
 ture : the sea gives up her tribes of animated creatures, 
 and becomes herself the pathway along which he travels 
 t» distant climes ; the lightning descends from the skies, 
 
— ■ — uMiiKwmmts 
 
 mmm 
 
 22 
 
 and Is made to do his biddinrr ; the hfonf i.nof • ' n , 
 
 the tbulr"^ "«Y' '"■•^ -f™'h »i™eo s '?,-:; 
 
 the habitations, and £:enerat no- the ^tnn^nH^„o „ "-"^""g' 
 steair,, ,„ perfect for1,im the^mottT^^^^^^^^^y" 
 subtle vapors and chemical proBertiSa nf f 1,1 '. ^ 
 world all contribute topromoirh'SrSes aXTS 
 h s .astes and desires; while he, the seem ngly weaL Ind 
 puny being, surrounded by natural amenta ■m.lfZ^^. 
 one of which uncontrolled would scatler him n mT' "^ 
 caae on the faceof the earth, he b^'i ntel if-tt'sldll' 
 knowledge and labor, stands secure and lil»., ,^' T 
 subdues and directs them ^11 .„ i • ' ^ " monarch. 
 
 Well may we cxS, whHe us rettinnlirv ""'; 
 faculties and powers, and on the aJwevemfnts of Jf f 
 dustry and labor— "How wonderful TJ^^H ■ ' '"" 
 How dignified his positionTTottdlL^ir^edlT^^ 
 al inferior creatures, and to assert and mainta n for h? 
 
 S:!eV^St:rr^^' '^^'^^' ^^ ^- beenTeSefbX- 
 
 ted, is at the best but an imperfect boL, 7ut then "'•'■ 
 order lo compensate in some measnrfi fn,. tt- • '/" 
 tion, he is larglly endowed wk~v\wetVff^^^ 
 powers by the cultivation and deveJonment of w • . T^ 
 is enabled to advance in a constant .S!. ^''^^' ^^ 
 Moreover, in proportion as tZpri^^^^^^ 
 lecognized and developed does man hi P^T^««'on is 
 his moral character, an^d^df^^JJ in h pu'Li! %1 "^ 
 IS, indeed, no such thing as standing Imln a l'^''^ 
 career ; man is ever advancing or recedini. « all .h'' 
 contributes to raise his moral conditionnd fnlhf^ ^ 
 opment of his faculties as a I'e^S and nf ,p'^^^^ 
 being. The. very imperfection of whch he is th« 'P"' 
 necessitates a rnmtan^ .tr-i-H - ^^® ^"^-J^^^^ 
 
 theremaybeof enl witMn^t" ^rouTSr "'1^"' 
 whatever tends to keep up this struggle, and'o brac^ u^ 
 
 the hui 
 utes to 
 And 
 heart, 1 
 iiiscipli 
 nature ; 
 fbrtitud 
 fish idl( 
 alizes a 
 does it 
 tories o 
 
 Wev 
 
 the imp 
 
 nnt thai 
 
 tial to t 
 
 tributin 
 
 ter, and 
 
 him cea 
 
 and let 
 
 of disci J 
 
 ])hysicaj 
 
 from his 
 
 as will g 
 
 ment. 
 
 thfir na 
 
 strain 01 
 
 od subse 
 
 regard t 
 
 thus leai 
 
 ity of se 
 
 terminat 
 
 difficultly 
 
 characte 
 
 an enlar; 
 
 public w 
 
 and disa/ 
 
 from son 
 
 feet hum 
 
i heat is called 
 omfort throiigii , 
 idous agency of 3 
 itic tasks ; the ' 
 f the material 
 , and to gratify 
 ingly weak and 
 and forces, any 
 ini a lifeless car- 
 ellio-jnce, skill, 
 ke a monarch, ; 
 rpose and Avill. ; 
 ? on his varied 
 'fits of his in- 
 iture is man ! 
 fitted to rule • 
 ntain for him- 
 estined by the 
 
 ts disciplinary/ 
 nust be admit- 
 hut then, in 
 this imperfec- 
 faculties and 
 of which ho 
 progression, 
 progression is 
 ' elevated in 
 luits There 
 in a moral 
 in all that 
 to the devel- 
 1 intelligent 
 ^ the subject 
 110 whatever 
 fi • Hence, 
 to brace up 
 
 23 
 
 the human faculties for the conflict, necessarily contril> 
 utes to our elevation and dignity of character. 
 
 And this we affirm of labor. It preserves both the 
 heart, the head, and the hands, from rust and decay; it 
 disciplines and strengthens both our physical and moral 
 nature ; it teaches man the valuable lessons of patience, 
 fortitude, endurance and forbearance ; it destroys the sel- 
 fish idleness to which he is prone and which only demor- 
 alizes and degrades those who indulge in it ; and thus 
 does it enable him to achieve the most sublime moral vic- 
 tories over the selfishness and evil there is in the world. 
 
 We wish most earnestly to impress on the workingman 
 the importance of this view of our subject, for it ts import- 
 nnt that he should regard the principle of labor as essen- 
 tial to the development of human faculties, anl as con- 
 tributing by his discipline to the elevation of his charac- 
 ter, and the advancement of his social condition. Let 
 him cease to regard his labor as a degrading necessity, 
 and let him view it as an essential and invaluable means 
 of disciplining and perpetuating his entire moral and 
 physical nature, and then we shall see him extracting 
 from his daily toil good, noble, and great principles, such 
 as will sweeten his life with hope, faith and true enjoy- 
 ment. Even those occupations which are disagreeable in 
 thfir nature, and which involve, t iome extent, a painful 
 strain on his physical and mental powers, may be render- 
 ed subservient to his elevation and dignity, if he will only 
 regard the matter in a true philosophical spirit ; for he will 
 thus learn to subdue himself he will perceive the necess- 
 ity of self-denial ; he will, acquire strength of will and de- 
 *<?"nination of purpose; ho will be enabled to cope with 
 difficulties— and to overcome them ; and while his own 
 character is being thus disciplined and formed, ho will feel 
 an enlarged benevolence in contributing his share to the 
 public weal, and in enduring his iiortion of thediflRonltifsH 
 and disagreeables of life, and thus easing his brother man 
 from some of the inevitable evils to which, as an impor- 
 lect human beinsr. '-" '■ ^*— '^ 
 
 '01 
 
 lie is subject. 
 

 24 
 
 m 
 
 ti ' ' 
 
 f 
 
 The dignity of labor is further shown in its ult 
 
 I of his be 
 
 imafe 
 
 resuUt, as enabling man to fulfill the 
 to carry out the Durposes of his Creator. Every human 
 being has something to do. Activity is a principle of life 
 a universal condition of nature. Everything that has life 
 acts— does. We see this exemplified throughout the whole 
 range of creation. The bird that wings its flight in the 
 air; the insect that incessantly moves its tiny body; the 
 fish darting through the water, now sinking, now rising 
 to the surface, now cleaving the element in which it lives 
 and sporting in a thousand varied gambols ; the animals 
 that dwell on the face of the earth, with all their elabor- 
 ated and complicated mechanism of motion ; the vegetable 
 tribes— the waving grass, the fluttering leaves, the creep- 
 ing root, the opening bud, and the bursting flower ; nay 
 even the earth itself; in various forms of hill and dale| 
 mountain and valley, volcanic forces and upheaving 
 mounds ; the sea incessantly restless with its tides and 
 waves, its foaming breakers and its under currents ; and 
 lastly, the air in its dift'orent phenomena of gale and 
 breeze, whirlwind and tornado, and fleeting clouds above ; 
 all, bv their ceaseless and varied motions, impress us with 
 
 the idea that action is the essential condition of life only 
 
 death is still and immovable. 
 
 And man, paramount, chief of earth's created forms, lit, 
 too, is formed for action ; and so essential a principle is 
 this of his nature, so incessant is its influence upon him, 
 that not content with his own natural powers of motion' 
 he brings under tribute every external force within the 
 reach of his skill and ingenuity. For him the swift horse 
 puts forth his strength, the ship travels for his convey- 
 ance, borne onwards alike by winds and waves, and, more 
 swift and powerful still, the wonderful agency of steam 
 carries him along at a rate that mocks the fleetest animals 
 and almost rivals the wind itself. ' 
 
 Now all these varied means of locomotion are so many 
 evidences that man is formed for action ; they are so many 
 
 effects 
 
 I princi 
 
 I which 
 
 act be 
 
 dead. 
 
 is, the 
 
 most ( 
 
 displa; 
 
 excitei 
 
 to gaii 
 
 intelli^ 
 
 accom 
 
 mind. 
 
 nose. 
 
 he tun 
 
 as he i 
 
 other, 
 
 to dire( 
 
 good a 
 
 human 
 
 plish, 6 
 
 nis enli 
 
 the bet 
 
 of the ] 
 
 manife! 
 
 all nati 
 
 he who 
 
 brings 
 
 And ca 
 
 this for 
 
 ascertai 
 
 himself 
 
 man do^ 
 
 ve worl 
 
 learn to 
 
 vating 1 
 
 Lastl' 
 
in its ultim ate 
 E'hrs being, and 
 
 Every human 
 principle of life, 
 ng that has life 
 ?hout the whole 
 I flight in the 
 iny body; the 
 ig, now rising 
 I which it lives, 
 ; the animals 
 I their elabor- 
 
 ; the vegetable 
 vea, the creep- 
 ■ flower ; nay, 
 hill and dale, 
 md upheaving 
 
 its tides and 
 iurrents ; and, 
 
 of gale and 
 clouds above; 
 upress us with 
 ti of life — only 
 
 ited forms, n 
 I a principle is 
 ce upon him, 
 rs ol motion, 
 e within the 
 he swift horse 
 r his convey- 
 ves, and, more 
 ncy of steam 
 aetest animals, 
 
 are so many 
 y are so many 
 
 > 
 
 26 
 
 effects, the cause of which is to be found in Ihat active 
 principle which is an essential part of our nature, and 
 which influences us to constant and ceaseless action. We 
 act because wo live; we cease to move only when we are 
 dead. But then what distinguishes this principle in man 
 IS, the purpose, the end, toward which it is direc ted. With 
 most of the inferior creatures this activity which they 
 display IS merely impulsive-a mere unreasoning animal 
 excitement, which seldom has any object in view, or end 
 to gain. Man, on the contrary, governed by a superior 
 intelligence, incited by various motives, does, aims at the 
 accompi-'shment of some purpose previously formed in his 
 mind. Hence, he not only acts, but he acts with a pur- 
 pse. J^rustratoH in his wishes he frequently is, but still 
 he turns to otner objects, forms new desires, and as often 
 as he IS defeated in one purpose does he determine on an- 
 other, and pursues i t. Now, it is the province of wisdom 
 todirectthis ceaseless activity which we posviess towards 
 good and worthy objects ; hence, we repeat, that every 
 hunian being has something to do, some purpose to accom- 
 plish, some end to gain, which shall be in accordance with 
 his enlarged powers, a.u Wxiicii shall serve to developeall 
 the better principles of his nature . Now, labor, whether 
 of the head or hands, is but another term for activity a 
 manifestation and etiect of that, great law which pervades 
 all nature and is a universal condition of life; and hence, 
 he who laboi:s 80 far fulfills the end of his being, and 
 brings himself into accordance and harmony therewith 
 And can we conceive of any position more dignified than 
 this for a rational and intelligent creature, that he should 
 ascertain the end of his being, and th^n resolutely set 
 
 mTn ?K"''"^r^^'^'''''^''"^^^°^- A"^ the laboring 
 man does this, and that, too, by his labor. Behold, then 
 ve workers, at once the worth and diL'nitv of vour toil— 
 learn to unUerstand its influence, and to appreciate its'ele- 
 I vating results. , ^^ 
 
 Lastly, we observe, that while man by his labor thus 
 
26 
 
 fulfills the end of his being, he also subserves the purposes 
 oftheCreatar The command given to primeval man 
 was to replenish the earth and subdue it— to have domin- 
 ion over every livmg thing that moveth on the earth. 
 And so long as man obeys this command, a kind Provid- 
 ence smiles on his efforts, and blesses him with bounteous 
 hand ; but let him despise labor, and neglect to subdue 
 the earth, and so surely does he pay the penalty of idle- 
 ness in tears and want, privation and suffering And 
 what 18 worse still, he becomes morally debased, losincr 
 as he sinks, the fair image of God, which has been stamp' 
 ed on him. Bet let him brace up his energies and work 
 let him labor in a cheerful and earnest Wdy, ever findinc^ 
 what he has to do, and then resolutely doing it, and we 
 behold him rising in dignity of character, diffusing around, 
 wherever he goes, all those blessings which result from u 
 faithful obedience to great providential laws; and while 
 he thus subserves the purposes of his Creator, he approx- 
 imates nearer and still nearer to that divine image which 
 18 at once the glory, the dignity, the happl^rress, and the 
 poifection of his moral nature, 
 
 W. G. DENHAM, 
 
 Umbrella-maker, London. 
 
 I 
 
 MAN DEPENDENT ON LABOl 
 
 Bl- ! 
 
 Man was made to roil. The structure of his body, as 1 
 well as his wan^s, proclaim this truth. How marvellous, 
 then, that ever there should have existed a human being 
 so Slink in mind and morals as to brand industry with re- 
 proach ! Not so the ancients. Paradise required dressinir ! 
 
 """ ■ i''"&' -'^''^ "*Bt {Siir -.Tcrc ^unjcners ; ana wnen l 
 
 clothes became necessary, the Almighty Creator con- 
 structed their robes. The early prince, princesses, and 
 monarchs, worked at various arts and trades. It is a fig- 
 
 ment ( 
 and th 
 ness, s 
 pour c 
 that m 
 say " 
 us thai 
 and ca 
 they h 
 millin< 
 ery, th 
 But m 
 mental 
 himsel 
 Lab 
 withou 
 " worl< 
 ascend 
 traval 
 have b 
 Agrico 
 can In( 
 Figee ] 
 
 us to Bi 
 
 of civil 
 have h 
 and ph 
 or glor 
 ministc 
 
 INDUST 
 
 ies, hat 
 on our 
 upon ti 
 spised. 
 and th< 
 strange 
 and ha 
 us our 
 
 »^. 
 
27 
 
 i'08 the purposes 
 primeval man 
 ■to have domin- 
 i on the earth, 
 a kind Provid- 
 with bounteous 
 ?lect to subdue 
 )enalt7 of idle- 
 uflfering. And 
 debased, losing, 
 las been stamp- 
 gies and work, 
 Y, ever finding 
 ing it, and we \ 
 iff using around, 
 h result from u 
 vs; and while 
 tor, he approx- 
 e image which 
 )irress, and the 
 
 )ENHAM, 
 
 laker, London. 
 
 OS. 
 
 f his body, as 
 )w marvellous, 
 
 human being 
 lustry with re- 
 [uirod dressing 
 ra ; and when 
 
 Creator con- 
 irincesses, and 
 18. It is a fig- 
 
 ment of modern times that toil is a degrading occupation, 
 and that idleness and uselessness, sinecurism and helpless- 
 ness, are honorable and majestic. Strange that we should 
 pour contempt on our guardian angel, or despise the hand 
 that ministers to our wants I It is not going too far to 
 say " that labor is a divine ordinance!' A Latin poet tells 
 us that Jove intended to sharpen our genius by necessity 
 and care. The animals make no improvement, because 
 they have few wants. What need has the peacock of 
 millinery, the horse of a weaver, the leopard of embroid- 
 ery, the lion of a palace, or the eagle of steam-power ? 
 But man is full of necessities ; and his eye, his hand, his 
 mental powers, proclaim that he was made to minister to 
 himself and others, and to be ministered unto in return. 
 
 Labor, then, is all to man . He can obtain no good 
 without it. Even the salvation of his soul must be 
 " worked out with fear and trembling;" and whether he 
 ascends to bliss, or takes the downward road, he must 
 traval on his oy/n feet. Without labor England would 
 have been now what it was a thousand years before Julius 
 Agricola lan«J|d on our shores. Why are we not Ameri- 
 can Indians, or counterparts of tho inhabitants of the 
 Figee Islands ? Labor has made us to differ, and enabled 
 us to send, or promised to send, all the arts and blessings 
 of civilization to the destitute parts of our globe. We 
 have had galleries for the artist, and shrines for the saint 
 and philantrophist ; and we envy them none of their fame 
 or glory. They all were, in their order, sons of toil, and 
 ministers to our pleasure and improvement ; but until now, 
 INDUSTRY, in its rough, hard, and more toilsome drudger- 
 ies, has had no monument. This ingratitude has reflected 
 on our hearts and our heads; seeing we depend most of 
 upon those arduous occupations wh ill I we have most de- 
 spised. The fine arts are of k',ter growth. The colonist 
 and the settler seek first the necessaries of life ; and yet. 
 strange to say, we have honored the painter and the poet^ 
 and have forgotten the m«n and women who have given 
 us our daily bi-ead, and surrounded us with Iho ccj.veni- 
 
rli 
 
 ;( 
 
 ! 
 
 j i 
 
 '(i 
 
 li 
 
 mi 
 
 28 
 
 g08t that none who rami8te.ooTwanf^^^ '" ""»■ 
 wealth, o. our ta.., .hou.d ^^^^iTirTJ^'^Z 
 
 LABOR. 
 
 How ?h ''' ^f l^!" ' ^^ *^^ h^ndman reaping.- 
 How through his veins goes the life-current leanin,. I 
 How his strong arm in his stalwart ^"de svve^^lnf/ 
 
 Labo , ^eJp:^^Z^^;;^^ guides I 
 
 fII'^u T'""" "^^^' ^"^"^ the frail cocoon floweth • 
 From the fine acorn the strong forest bloweth ; ' 
 
 lemple and statue the marble block hides. 
 
 "Droop not, though sin, shame and angui^ are round 
 
 Bravely fling off the cold chain that hath bound thee 
 J^ook to yon pure heaven smiling beyond thoe ; ' 
 
 Work for some^S^d^lTe^.:!/^^ 
 
 Let thy great deeds be thy prayer to thy God I 
 
 PRIDE IN MANUAL LABOR. 
 
 pnnaH.,.pj uJ " '"'* '.ospec' ; that manua abnr i> 
 
 bel^atini "^uTZ^^r, "'«/»«'« »*•"»-■ present day to 
 
lich the Exhi bl- 
 each, will Hug. 
 I our ease, our 
 r treated with 
 
 mff — 
 '• leaping I 
 weeping, 
 jickle guides I 
 3th; 
 
 floweth ; 
 th; 
 block hides. 
 
 ^ are round 
 
 und thee, 
 
 oe; 
 
 )88 — a clo<i 
 
 JrtothyGodI 
 
 29 
 
 thing besides weilding the pen or yard-stick. And it is 
 to parents that the cause of this evil may be traced. With 
 a praiseworthy denial and perserverance which savors of 
 heroism, some fathers educate their boys, and are justly 
 proud of the scholarly habits of the latter. But their 
 pride takes a wrong vent. Because the lad has been 
 through college, he must choose a profession forsooth, 
 and his education is supposed to furnish the necessary 
 brains for the producing of a good lawj^er or physician, so 
 the young man enters the uncongenial walks of life, and 
 the people wonder at, and, in some cases, deride, his want 
 of success. He is not adapted to the pursuit, dissatisfac- 
 tion ensues, and if he does not become a poverty-stricken 
 burden to his friends, he will be, at least, a clog upon 
 society, with only the flattering unction which he lays to 
 his own discontented soul that he is pursuing a genteel 
 avocation. Ah I these genteel avocations in which a dis- 
 play of brains is attempted, serve to show the empty pates 
 of many who pursue them. There is a dignity and stim- 
 ulus about manual labor which invigorates even the 
 worker, and renders him more capable of enjoying the in- 
 tellectual treats that may come in his way; and an in- 
 vention and recourse about it at times which may develop 
 latent talents into some startling and useful discoveries ; 
 and were young men to be disabused of the idea of degrad- 
 ation which, in their minds, attaches itself to manual 
 labor, society would become better, the world benefitted 
 by artizans who might have superior talents for certain 
 crafts ; and we ought, in many cases, be spared the mel- 
 ancholy sight of a man enduring the woes of poverty, be- 
 cause he was too well educated to work at manual labor. 
 — Indicator. 
 
 young men 
 lual labor is 9 
 resent day to 
 an education 
 k at many- 
 
 THB USEPULHESI^ OF MANUAL LABOR 
 A necessity of labor is the greatest boon that Provid- 
 
\k I': .1 
 
 i I 
 
 if 
 
 
 30 
 
 ence has granted to a degenerated race, addicted to vicious 
 passions and indolent selfiindulgence. The majority now 
 gain their bread by the sweat of their brow: and the calls 
 of nature force them to occupy their time in providing for 
 Its pinching wants ; preventing them from the pursuits of 
 many wins and follies which are incidental to idleness and 
 sloth. Industry is well known tx> be a great assistant to 
 virtue; indolence, to be the foster-mother of crime 
 Could our teeming population be relieved of all their cares 
 and anxious labors, by being placed in astateof independ- 
 ency, or exemption from toil, wo can form but a faint idea 
 ot the accumulating miseries which would speedily ensue. 
 If the few leisure hours of the multitude are now generally 
 EVh ''""*' f profligacy and vicious indulgences, what 
 would become of them were the safety-valves of p(;verty 
 removed, and their now scarcely-repressed passions were 
 allowed to revel in unlimited wantonness? The ix)Dula- 
 tion would be involved in constant quarrels and reckless 
 dissipation, unti it had desolated the country, or destroy^ 
 otrr f /,"^^^^^'^^^»ts It is calculated that-^'the wealZ 
 
 IrnrT *K '^TT'^'^y "^""''^'^ ^^""''^^y *^il in their gen- 
 erations throiicrh the mere exhaustion of physical povver, 
 
 iltheirdecli.u.^.u.;.or. were not supplied from the 
 Z^w Ik'^'^'uT''' ^^"^o^J^ty ; and what would be the 
 
 8tanc.rnf.t ' ""^'^K CT"^^H«" P'^^ed in similar circum- 
 stances of ease and bodily enjoyment ? 
 
 Again : when trade is brisk, and profits and wages be- 
 come proportionately high, let any inhabitant of a^manu 
 lacturing dis net tell the effects of' such a rise upon he 
 mercliant and the mechanic. Let him say, fromCper^ 
 ence. If these seasons of abundance be not alwa>? charac- 
 terized by an increase of luxury, sloth, and dissolutenes^. 
 
 inf?vi-P^'""'' T?'"' '^"^ ^^^S «^ national debt, or other 
 Zt^^^' "P.^" ^^' ''^''^' «^ Government, how ong wouW 
 separate nations maintain peace with eaoh otho-^ ^^^ 
 questioa may easily be answel«d by the historv of every 
 people who have, for any length of time, enjoyed au 
 
icted to vicious 
 3 majority now 
 
 ; and the calls 
 n providing for 
 the pursuits of 
 to idleness and 
 at assistant to 
 ler of crime, 
 fall their cares 
 teof'indopend- 
 t>ut a faint idea 
 peedily ensue, 
 now generally 
 ulgences, what 
 es of poverty 
 passions were 
 
 The ix)pula- 
 
 and reckless 
 Y, or destroyed 
 
 the wealthy 
 in their gen- 
 ysicai power, 
 ied from the 
 t would be the 
 tnilar eircum- 
 
 id wages be- 
 at of a manu- 
 •ise upon the 
 from experi- 
 ways charac- 
 issoluteness. 
 
 )bt, or other 
 >w long would 
 other ? This 
 My of every 
 enjoyed au 
 
 
 81 
 
 independent prosperity ; for it will invariably be found 
 that national elevation has produced a sensitive arrogance 
 which quickly impels to foreign aggression, where there 
 is no clog to its impetuous pride. Poverty and consequent 
 labor are the preservatives of the world at large, and of 
 each separate community in itself, judiciously given by a 
 merciful Creator who was well acquainted with the nature 
 and influence of human passion. — Macbair's Gvodness of 
 Divine Providence. 
 
 THE ADVANTAaES OF MANUAL LABOB. 
 
 A laborious nail-maker worked all day at his forge, and 
 under his strong, quick blows, thousands of sparks arose 
 around him and filled his workshop. The son of his rich 
 neighbor, Mr. Von Berg, came to see him almost every 
 day, and would watch him with delight tor hours. 
 
 One day the busy nail-make»^ -aid to him in joke, 
 *' Would you not like to make some nails ? Just try, my 
 young master, if it be only to pass time away. It may 
 be useful to you some day." 
 
 The young gentleman, having nothing else to do, con- 
 sented. He placed himself before the anvil, and laughing 
 as he sat down, began to hammer. Bef jre very long he 
 was able to finisft^off a good shoe-nail . 
 
 Some years after, the misfortunes of war deprived this 
 young man of all his .wealth, and forced him to emigrate 
 to a foreign country. Far from his native land, stripped 
 of all resources, he halted at a large village, where the 
 majority of the people were shoemakers. He ascertained 
 that they expended yearly a large sum of money in the 
 purchase of shoe-nails from a r-eigb boring town, and oflen 
 they could not obtain the quantity they needed, because 
 80 many were required for the shoes of the army, most of 
 which were made in that district* 
 
■■'( 
 
 s 
 
 32 
 
 tr^^'^^^^^CZTrfZ'^^^^ J'--'r threat. 
 
 "s they required, l/the^VJiS 7nwJ:,l?T'-''y "'"''"- 
 and 10 this they cheerful! v7omentarfw"K * '^"'•''^iop, 
 w.th enthusia™, a„a ,oo„^ ^ZllL^f.l X" S£^ 
 
 iea™Ure'S^,1?^';'>»-«' often to -7 to himself, -to 
 ?.'e position, i,r ife ,U«e hea<n "•''K' « ^hoe-naii. There 
 >nto play, a„,j „,,„„ ^^^^^^ nmv " K;"*-' "^""o' ^ "^''^l 
 have Uea vvealthv. It i, S J^-^^a'^n even those who 
 
 THE RATIONALE OP LABOB. 
 By Edward S. Fostfr iu^ ^ 
 
 8ay this question is MeemtLy ^°'*' "onsMwation. We 
 
 abor-whetherthatlKTmemalor^hv'-'''*. "^ "»">• 
 thmk, ,t is a question ahr..,l ,!^- u Physical; and, we 
 
 mueh more likely tohavec^rand^r*'"? '"» "'" "' 
 who lives upon the prSuct of ?L " T' "*«"»• *''»" he 
 These are ,1,'e grounds^^n^Ufoh we '?hf„t""'^,K?'' ""'«'^- 
 has a^part,eu,ar title to fhe .^^^LZ^Z Z tt^- 
 
 In order T>rnTiAt«iTT +^ ,-_j , . . 
 able that wls^if, t "^IS^^^^^;^ 
 
 relatin 
 rolatioi 
 
 Jwith ui 
 organ ij 
 the mil 
 the spi 
 quentlj 
 and wt 
 each in 
 but we 
 pound 
 ter— fo 
 living g 
 A ve: 
 is perfo 
 end we 
 a first t 
 our int< 
 necessai 
 where I 
 his pare 
 which \ 
 
 This 
 ator hin 
 the mail 
 and kee^ 
 from an 
 on befor 
 nature. 
 
 Lot u 
 principh 
 tor its m 
 
 But, i 
 work go 
 intellect, 
 
himself threat- 
 <nevv perfectly 
 to supply the 
 lantity of nails 
 h a workshop, 
 began to work 
 easy circum- 
 
 to himself, "to 
 B-nail. Thei-e 
 not be called 
 n those who 
 ►r such exig 
 f^ger ends." 
 
 king Carter, 
 
 every man, 
 tless be ad- 
 ' interests to 
 •ration. We 
 ► the work- 
 i by daily 
 il; and, we 
 nan will be 
 as. than he 
 of others, 
 his subject 
 
 ■HE VVORK- 
 
 it is ad vis- 
 aie points 
 
 33 
 
 relating to the constitution of the laborer — man, and his 
 relation to the world without. Man is an animal, endowed 
 with understanding and reason ; a being composed of an 
 organized body in connection with a rational principle— 
 the mind. Man unites in himself the animal, the irrational, 
 the spiritual, and the intellectual natures ; he has, conse- 
 quently, various faculties— some physical, others mental 
 
 and which, though widely different, must yet be cultivated, 
 each in its proper proportions. We need not particularize^ 
 but we think this abundantly evident, that man is a com' 
 pound being— the connecting link between mind and mat- 
 ter—formed of the dust of the ground, but animated by a 
 living soul. 
 
 A very little reflection will convince us that every action 
 is performed by us with a view to happiness. This is the 
 end we propose to attain by all our designs. It is, indoea 
 a first truth of which we have a continual conviction from 
 our internal sense. The nature of man is such, that he 
 necessarily loves himself ; seeks in everything and every- 
 where his own felicity, and never can be turned aside fh)m 
 his pursuit. Good is the object we all hare in view, and 
 which we naturally desire and necessarily pursue. 
 
 This bent of the will is implanted within us by tli« Cre- 
 ator himself, and it is not in our power to alter it. It is 
 the main spring which puts the whole machinery in motion 
 and keeps it at work. This principle appears inseperable 
 from an intelligent being, so that men must cease to reas- 
 on before be can eradicate the love of happiness from bia 
 nature. 
 
 "8elf-lo7e ai\d reason to ome end aspire ; 
 Pain their aversion, pleasure their desire." 
 
 Let US, then, beware how we condem self-love as a 
 principle naturally vicious. We plead not, nevertheless 
 for its misapplication and abuse. ' 
 
 But, in its legitimate application, it is calculated to 
 work good and wise results, and, under the direction of 
 mtellect, to lead men to the practice of virtue, and to spread 
 
i I : i 
 
 m f ' 
 
 34 
 
 tion by u des -c lor -n .h •' "7«^^*"t'.V impelled to ac" 
 
 i-ational bein.^ could . ;, V- r ^^ 'VP1^'>'^^^ that man, a 
 ieVwity. "' ' '''^'^ ^^ "icldtoreiit with re^-ai-d to his o\va 
 
 aW^os^A-om he uo oiS ^^'f ^^^^iou of the .oul which 
 
 iul possession of ^Zd F ron. H ' f ''' "' '^' '■'■-'^^■ 
 Jowthat it U o4^v nriM'!? f '^ "'^'^^ incvitabl/ioJ. 
 i^appiness to evvi.;^ • . 'T^'^' '^"^ conducive to hi. 
 w^JJin^^hS^tn^^^tJ^:^;/-^^ ^^>^«^-'^ 
 
 clerstood. VYo are not^ Xt ..^"^..^^"^ "'^ ^^ot ^e misun- 
 which vvorkin<. mea "t Lo . nM '"^.^'^^' "'^^"^^^^^-^ J^^^^^^"^" 
 principle whiSli maiTos^ i? " ^^^^^'^ ^ perform. The same 
 '^ots bounds t^tlie imoun f]"""]^^^^^' ^r us to work, 
 have onunciatod w^ ' ?"5 ^'"^'^^ ^'^^ pn'ncinles we 
 regulated that a i the f-rY- '"^"" 'K^' labour^hould belo 
 
 Jelitimate exerc e-tK^l "''^^ ^^ ''^^''^' l^^'^^l^^^' ^^"^^ 
 "« not, if we wonM iJ. ' "*' ''^^^^ ^^'^ ^'^^ '^"^J- Let 
 
 word, vvoil-with ;,L^^^^^ T"" ^" *^^ *^'"« «««se of the 
 cd those onlmin^C'^P^^^^^^^^^ and leave unemploy! 
 man . " """"^ ' ^^^ " tis the mind that makes the 
 
 inf^ J:^^:?„^|;^- draw the following obvious 
 ot the faculties he wi Te^ u, rn 'fl""^' ^i^'" tho'exercise 
 cises them all i'n their duP fZ '' ^""^'P-^ "^^" ^^'^« ^^^r- 
 
 And aicain all will rU 1 .? ^''T'' Proportions, 
 created n^th ngteTe L Z ^^^^^^ '''''' '^''' '^^ Almighty 
 which exists wi in t ll anS^ fitt^dT'' ^^-^^Sin^ 
 I'seful purpose. And for whnf ^"^ accomplish some 
 
 ties have been int^ided exlcnt ^r^'" T^'^ ^^«'« f^^ul- 
 
 Tho str«n-th of f P* ^ ^'^ tised and emnloy-d 
 
 -n.thof tuo argument is materially i,[c?Jafed 
 
II to tlio will of 
 
 'joln«;-, Iiavinu- 
 mpoikid to a<> 
 liiiii; and that 
 
 iJiat man, a 
 ii'd to hits own 
 
 be secured ? 
 le .soul \vhi(-h 
 or the I'io-ht- 
 neviiably lol- 
 Jucivo to hi-i 
 This is the 
 
 cultics, must 
 lot be mi.sun- 
 assivo laboiu- 
 n. The .same 
 ' U8 to work, 
 rinciples we 
 should be so 
 ■ pi-02)er and 
 ^ody. Let 
 snse of the 
 Junemploy- 
 t makes the 
 
 ing obvious 
 he exercise 
 I who exer- 
 ras. 
 
 i Almighty 
 Everything 
 plish some 
 lan's facul- 
 mployed 
 increased 
 
 35 
 
 when we take into cnnsi'Ieration that, as a malrerof fact, 
 ihe faculties are strengthened and improved hj- cultivation 
 and exercise — by labom*. This is a matter of everyday 
 experience. The studious man has the faculties of his 
 mind powerful and vigorous. He who is accustomed to 
 perform merely manual labour — those of the body. The 
 bodily powers were given" to man to provide for his bodih' 
 wants, and the mind in order that he might be able to 
 direct his own actiojis as a reasonable and responsible 
 creatm*e — to think for himself But this good and wise 
 arrangement of nature man has discarded. One the lar<'-oi' 
 class of men are employed to produce for the commtniity 
 the bread which perisheth ; the other is devoted to litera- 
 ture or idleness — to the task of thinking for their fellow- 
 men. The evil is felt most by the working man, who is 
 compelled to devote the major y.oi'tion of his time to laboi' 
 which prevents him from cultivating the nobler part— the 
 mind. His body too, is injured ; he is obliged to j^erform 
 an amount of labor much greater than is required for the 
 exercise of his faculties, the sup'plj^ of his own- necessities, 
 and the necessities of those immediatelj' dependent upon 
 him who are unable to supply themselves, and consquently 
 is overworked. He has passed the boundary which no 
 man can pass with impunity ; his sj'stem is weakened to 
 a proportionate extent, and ho sinks to a premature grave ! 
 Often the effect of excessive labor is not so plainly "mani- 
 fested as to be generally remarked, and it is ascribed to 
 other causes; but in numberless instances there is no 
 possibility of mistake. • Often the work of death is carried 
 on silently (the victim being perhaps unaware that he is 
 instrumental to his own destruction.) but alwaj's surely. 
 
 Thus labor is abhorred — is looked upon as a task, ne- 
 cessary, it is ti-ue, but unpleasant; though, to a certain 
 extent, it should be sought as a benefit which eveiy wise 
 man should desire. Tiie amount of labor necensari/ for the 
 supply of the wants of the body, and beneficial for the ex- 
 ercise and employment of the faculties is owe and the same 
 That man will have all his faculties developed to the 
 
i- ! 'ilil! 
 
 ir' 
 
 36 
 ft.;nS!^*P"'"«'"'« ^« "^y draw the tUMng in- 
 
 peasaLt.'"*'"'"''"'''^'''''^"' the prince to the 
 
 but we think we hflv« «nffln^ .1^ ^^ °**-^ consume ; 
 ;^hc.^ste. w..rast-^^^ ^^^^^.^ 
 
 takeot:7thT^iS,"*^5*^^"^«.^^^>-« J^bor, to par- 
 
 Bat it may ^^d ^hn?"* conveniences of civilized 1&. 
 to one empioCnt on V L^^ the workman is confined 
 be attained S a rnnXi^^**^'' ^H'^y of execution will 
 if he wfsC^^mptvm^^^^^ of workdone, than 
 
 because, if a workman hJ^^l T^'f °*'S*»^ •>« disputed; 
 from employment anH n P^'!'^^ «^ «>« benefits arising 
 
 emeruyneLulfvTH '^^^^^ *'"^«°' ^« ^i^ 
 may not be ^e !«!« n^ day^ labor, though shorter, 
 
 admitted thaUhe w^^^ ''^''' ^ ?"* ^^«» « "«bo"W b^ 
 in a given t?me; St oHiU?^^^^^ ^ ^'^^^ ^ P'^'^^^ ^^ 
 Wfcomforts ^ould rfnc^s^S 'Ta^.l^ ^'.l 7"^ 
 contmuous employment AJi.ufr!!?* ?"PP08e that by 
 tainst0 8uch7dSofIxt«r^?^:i^^ ^^'^'^^^ ^t- 
 
 ite to him who sS h£ ""^^'"^^ ^^** ^^"^^ *>« Avi«- - 
 ten. EveA^nthWtiitl 'T'*^^"^^^^^^ I 
 
 man. fac^r ^^-^^^^^ I 
 
exercises them 
 following in- 
 one who has 
 By no change 
 be placed in 
 ry for us to 
 )rince to the 
 
 t number of 
 the mind. It 
 advantageous 
 ly consume; 
 the evils of 
 one employ- 
 
 bor, to par- 
 ivilized me. 
 n is confined 
 cecution will 
 •kdone, than 
 be disputed; 
 lefits arising 
 m, he will 
 ugh shorter, 
 it shoul4 b0 
 •nxluce less 
 Ethe wgjrk- 
 Q that by 
 >rkman at- 
 mak^ onf 
 be requio- 
 ts to niake 
 th^ work- 
 
 juu, COuS#r 
 
 ndred and 
 lepinSiQor 
 
 3t 
 
 any other of man's productions, are of any consequence 
 except 80 far as they may contribute to his happiness. ' 
 But it may probably be objected, that on this scheme 
 we must be depi-ived of a great many of the comforts of 
 civilized life. This can by no means be admitted. But 
 for the sake of argument, let us suppose it be a legitimate 
 inference from the plan laid down, doep> civilized Hfe pre- 
 sent an altogether perfect arrangement? Go, pluck the 
 wild Arab from his steed of a hundred sires, and demand 
 of him which he prefers, his own barbarous life, or ours ? 
 lei him how we live, or bring him here, and let him see. 
 lake him to the workehops of our artisans ; to the tailor's 
 where he will see a number of men sitting neck and heels 
 together, from morning till night, all the year round ; to 
 the shoemaker's, and show him, it may be, a dozen men 
 •sitting on a stool sewing leather; to the engineer's, where 
 he will see, porhaps, some hundreds, covered with soot and 
 dirt, wielding huge hammers, and standing the heat of 
 fires, calculated to rival even the furnace of the Eastern 
 tyrant, when it was heated seven times hotter than it was 
 wont to be heated ; take him to our cotton factories, and 
 let him feast his eyes with a sight of some thousands ot 
 human beings, whose stunted bodies, bent limbs, and pale 
 faces, speak volumes of the ill effects of long hours' toil in 
 the " life-consuming mill." Take the wild Arab the round 
 of our workshops, and to our places of public resort, and 
 show him how few well-formed and healthy men and 
 women we have. In a word, explain to him our social 
 system in all ite ramifications, and then ask him if he will 
 exchange his barren desert for the fertile soil of iJngland, 
 and the eociety and institutions of his fellow-barbarians 
 for those of our own country. The chances are a thousand 
 to one that he will demand back his steed, and, having 
 mounted, and flying as though he were pursued by ten 
 thousand enemiAo. wiU haaIi- nnna «v>r..u> k:« ^»4.:~. Ji-.* 
 
 and thank God that his lot is not cast in such a land I 
 The picture may be humiliating, but it is correct. 
 
. ! 
 
 38 
 ACT WELL THY PART. 
 
 By VViLLrAM Drew, Brush Manufacturer, Ilnckney 
 
 i«^ oil fi, J " ^^' ^^^ world's a stage, 
 
 And all the men and women merely players.'' 
 
 ■ Thou, child of toil— thou, learned m^Q~ 
 In manly prime, or snow-white age— 
 Whilst on this world's important stage. 
 
 Act well thy part ! 
 
 Art thou a man of thought or skill ? 
 Hast thou a nation's weal at will ? 
 Whatever station thou may'st fill— 
 . u . Act well thy part! 
 
 Though stern affliction lay thee low ,- 
 Or ill-bred want its presence show 
 'Mid life's incessant ebb and flow, 
 
 Act well thy part ! 
 
 Though enemies should dar6 withhold 
 Thy lawful rights, through love for gold, 
 Yet nobly— like a martyr bold— 
 ' Act well thy part ! 
 
 Wouldst' thou sail safely o'er liffe's main ? 
 Wouldst thou escape remorse and pain ? 
 
 Wouldst thou a crown of glory gain ? 
 
 Act well thy part. 
 
•, Iliicknej, 
 
 'e a stage, 
 ers.'* 
 
 y part ! 
 
 part! 
 
 ; part ? 
 
 I 
 
 )ld, 
 
 part! 
 
 lin ? 
 
 .? 
 
 part. 
 
 mL 
 
 39 
 
 ON LABOR. 
 
 TRANSLATED FROM THE FRENCH OF M. THIERS. 
 
 The exercise of man's powers creates a .second kind of 
 property, which has its origin in Labor, " Nudus in niida 
 huuio "—naked on the naked ground — said Pliny the 
 Ancient, is the state in which man comes into the world. 
 It is by dint of labor that he must provide for all his 
 wants. lie must hunt before he can strip the lion and 
 tiger of the skins which he needs to cover his nakedness ; 
 and, as the arts advance, he must shear the wool from his 
 sheep before he can manufacture the cloth which serves 
 him for a garment. This is not enough ; ho must suit his 
 dress to the variations of climate, and build a house to 
 protect him from the inclemency of the 8v3asons, the tor- 
 rents of rain, the beams of the sun, and the severities of 
 the frost. Iluviug supplied these wants, he must provide 
 himself with food,— and' that, too, every day, and several 
 times each day, and whilst the animal, without reason, 
 but furnished with a protecting garment of fur or feathers,' 
 
 tinds, if it is a bird, ripe fruits hanging from the trees 
 
 if ar. herbivorous quadruped, a table spread in every mea- 
 dow—if a carnivorous animal, a prey in the herbivorous 
 neighbors— man is obliged to procure his food by growing 
 it, or by contending with animals stronger and swifter 
 than himself. The bird, and the roe-buck, which he needs 
 for food, have wings and swift feet. He must take a 
 bough from a tree, make it into a bow, and fit an arrow 
 to the bow — all before ho can strike and seize the animal ; 
 and having procured it, he must cook it with fire, for his 
 stomach loathes raw and quivering flesh. Hero are sour 
 fruits— but sweeter ones grow beside them : he must 
 choose between them, and make them sweeter and more 
 tasteful by culture. Among the grains, some are empty 
 and light, others heavier and more nourislun'i" here too 
 ho must make a selection, sot them in a rich soil, that they 
 may become still more nourishing, and convert them, by 
 
lllfM 
 
 Hi,. 
 
 Frill 
 
 40 
 
 cultivation into wheat. At the cost of all this trouble 
 inan exists in tolerable comfort; and God helrip- Mn^^ 
 many changes are effected on the face of the & ; ""Z 
 pires crushing upon empires, generations succcedino. ^en 
 erations, intermingling themselves from north to %oS" 
 and from east to west, exchanging ideas and communS 
 
 the Mediterranean into the Atlantic, from the AtlaE 
 
 DoTnt at whfih ft' ''"^ J^"^ '^l ^""^^^ "^^^ ^^ms a 
 point at whieh its poverty is changed into oniilftnr.A__ 
 
 where, instead of thrhides of beasts, men w^arTlksa^ 
 
 purple ; where they see the most nourishing fruits,fn tSe 
 
 greatest variety, consumed often thousands of miles awav 
 
 rom the soil in which they were produced, ^nd Xre 
 
 taeirdwe lings- at first not much bitter thai the beTver's 
 
 That being— once so destitute—now finds himself in fhA 
 m^dst of abundance. By what means? % SS„ 
 servering and intelligent labor. ^ ^ 
 
 He is naked— destitute of everything, when be Pomfl« 
 upon the earth; but he has powers-^^^eS^ uL„X 
 ?he r «^1^-^T^ his fellows ; Ihe employ^ them aTby 
 their exertion he obtains possession of all he needs and 
 becomes Lord of the elements-almost of nature iseTf 
 Man has powers then that he may use them-not play 
 with them-as the bird plays with its wings, its beak^ or 
 it« voice Leisure time will come some day ; that voice 
 -he will make it the voice of a sweet singerT those 
 hands, those feet-he will make them the hand! aid feet 
 of a Bki ful dancer. But he must work-work loZ and 
 hard, before the day of rest comes. He must work for 
 his living. A study of our nature leads us to thir^nclu^ 
 8ion, just as s udy of the beaver, the sheen, and fhT7n^ 
 leaas us to oaii the one a constructive, the other an" herb! 
 ivorous, and the thi«i a carnivorous animal 
 
 Xo go a little further, it is necessary that man should 
 
 
 worlv. 
 graft I 
 Hation, 
 lor ani 
 
 I an 
 findth 
 tain w 
 thread 
 the wa 
 a nati^ 
 i.s said 
 for the 
 break 
 thus bi 
 feed. 
 1 mak( 
 
 The 
 bread 1 
 they? 
 culty, ( 
 ing? 
 live, bj 
 just as 
 an idle 
 in my 
 same v 
 thus th 
 scene c 
 strong 
 cess, re 
 would 
 man w^ 
 the citi 
 
 Thus 
 
 V ai icu 
 
 procun 
 has ex€ 
 own, n( 
 
ill this trouble 
 helping him, 
 e earth ; ora- 
 iccceding gea- 
 ►rth to south, 
 i communicate 
 ors, who pass 
 the Atlantic 
 I the produc- 
 •ace attains a 
 o opulence- 
 Jar silks and 
 fruits, in the 
 f miles away 
 1, and where 
 n the beaver's 
 the Vatican, 
 
 himself in the 
 ■ labor — per- 
 
 en be comes 
 rs unequrtlly 
 iem, and by 
 ) needs, and 
 ature itself, 
 n — not play 
 its beak, or 
 ; that voice 
 nger; those 
 ids and feet 
 rk long and 
 3t work for 
 this conclu- 
 id tho lion 
 er an herb- 
 
 al 
 
 worlv. It is absolutely necessary, in order that he may 
 graft upon his natural misery the acquired goods of civili- 
 sation. But/or whom ought he to work— for himself, or 
 for another ? 
 
 I am born in an isio of an ocean. I live upon fish. 1 
 find that at certain hours of the day the fish frequent cer- 
 tain waters. With the twisted fibres of a plant I form 
 threads; with these threads a i.et. I cast this net into 
 the water, ai.d draw out the fish. Or, suppose that I am 
 a native of Asia-Minor — in those parts where Noah's ark 
 is said to have rested,— and that wheat is discovered there 
 for the first time. I devote myself to its cultivation. I 
 break up the ground with a spade. I turn the ground 
 thus broken up to the fertilizing atmosphere. 1 sow the 
 peed. I reap it when it is ripe. I grind it. I bake it. 
 1 make it into bread. 
 
 The fish that I have taken with so much patience, the 
 bread that I have made with such trouble— whose are 
 they ? Mine, who have procured them with so much diffi- 
 culty, or the idler's, who slept while I was fishing or farm- 
 ing? Everyone will say that it is mine; for, if I am to 
 live, by whose exertions am I to live, but by my own ? If, 
 just as 1 am putting into my mouth the bread I have made 
 an idler snatches it away from mo, what resort have I but 
 in my turn to attack some one else, and serve him in the 
 same way ? He will do the same to a third party, and 
 thus the woi'ld, instead of a scene of labor, will become a 
 scene of pillage; Besides, as theft is ready and easy'io t'fee 
 strong man, whilst production is a slow and difficult pro- 
 cess, requiring the ajjplication of a whole life, robbery 
 would be preferred to fishing, or hunting, or farming, and 
 man would remain a tiger or a lion, instead of becoming 
 the citizen of Athens, or of Florence, of Paris, of Loi.„->n. 
 Thus man is born without property, but he has powers 
 varied and mighty, by the employment of which he can 
 procure all he needs. He must exert them. But when he 
 exerted them, it is evidently just that the result of his 
 man should i own, not another's—shall become his property— his exclu- 
 
42 
 
 llfii' 
 
 his own labor C fpHn^/ ^^SZ''^'^ "°^ ^^^P ^^'^ ^r^it of 
 robbers Si unon onT' 'T'^ ^^ *'^« «^"^^ ^^'^ these 
 
 The woild would 
 
 remain 
 
 to pillage but Nature herself 
 in a state of barbarism. 
 
 ion.' tL fish upon ,fh^^^^^ P«««e^«- 
 
 only shows itt'lfTceS\^^^^^^^ ^V^f^ 
 
 sea, or the fishing placr Th^ k V. *^® ^ear-in the 
 upon whose flesh thnT;,. • ^"^'*''' ^"^ ^^e heaver, 
 migratorv habTte whith hT'^° f?^^" ^^^'^«' ^^^« «i"iiJar 
 return. Thrjarth t^ onl^"'i>"^^^ ^ ^'^^^^ve their 
 
 requires to beTal^trr&fc ' Wht" '"//; "'^^^ 
 
 chase, or hrfarSr ? 5 fK^^'■"^^' ^^ ^^« fishing, his 
 of them in the Sfal o^ J«f k"" ^.T "^"^^ ^T^vf him 
 of producing ?hem He wH^^^^ T"*^' '^'^^ ^^^ *^««^>Je 
 lutely necessarv S;. h- '} ^^ ^"^^y ^^»* which is abso- 
 isco^p:iTe7b7htg^^ when he 
 
 he wUl live forever unonfha7i.K*''^^*®. "^ ^^^^^ »rt; 
 ily, and can brr^LeW Lmi^ ?^\^" P'"^'^^ ^^^d^ 
 
 lum of his stoSh- hr^^'**^^^ '" *^« inviolable asy- 
 
 kiliedwith~andasto„VV„?'° ''"'°^' f ^"'^^ 
 quires time, reflection AnW^f^ , u ^""^""y **"' which re- 
 have no ceVteintv n?' ^°^.^^P\^J' he will renounce, if he 
 
 there iraSiS^'wJffifwiU 'T'^' ^'^' «^ ^^' 
 session of the C^s no ensur^^^^^^ T'' '^^'■ 
 
 tach himself to the land fornr^f^h^w-'K^'''-^."^^^^^ *^ 
 his care bv fertilifv ht I I ", © wishes it to repay 
 
 the weeds which ooverif .1^ ^ ""^ Y"'"' heasts-bnrn 
 
 in ii j ^^^"s TO shelter it from the mw ^iwil""'"® °tiv«wiis, piant ■ 
 
 must be born and die ther 
 
 |.': Ui 
 
y — for he would 
 •eap the fruit of 
 me, an(J these 
 on find notliing 
 would remain 
 
 most imperfect 
 ide of possess- 
 ngler subsists, 
 year— in the 
 d the beaver, 
 !, have similar 
 o'tserve their 
 harvest, which 
 lat is the nec- 
 re of things ? 
 s fishing, his 
 fc deprive him 
 ike the trouble 
 hich is abso- 
 •nly when he 
 
 other art; 
 plucked read- 
 iviolable asy- 
 :)rn8, or birds 
 art which re- 
 nounce, if he 
 First of all, 
 tonce, ifpos- 
 p he must at- 
 
 it to repay 
 age upon it, 
 beasts — burn 
 into a fertil- 
 collectsupon 
 reams, piant 
 the breath of 
 
 1 die there, 
 
 43 
 
 aft^r the father the «on and after the son the grandson. 
 Who will give himself all this trcuble, if bis ardSr is not 
 sustained by the certainty that no usurper will come and 
 destroy his abors. And what is this certainty, but prop- 
 erty allowed and preson-ed by the powers of society ? 
 
 AH these examples are imprinted upon the primitive 
 state of nations ; but man does not change by develop- 
 ment. In vain he tries to clothe himself better, to pro- 
 cure a better dwelling, to find more nourishing food • in 
 vam he covers himself with gold and with purple, livis in 
 palaces, and feeds himself there with the most delicious 
 
 "^•!u ri, ? ^^.'" ^'^ ^"'^^ *^ ^'^v^^« his »nind to an equality 
 with Plata-: he has always the same heart ; he is exposed 
 to the same misfortunes, and must maks the same shifts to 
 escape them . If he pauses a moment in his war against 
 x\ature, he returns to the savage state. Had they ne-r- 
 lected for a few days, on account of national jealousy, tfe 
 vast Pass of the Simplon, Nature-rolling incessantly 
 blocksofice, torrents of snow, and even slender threads 
 of water, on the plan continually in progress on the sides 
 of the Alps— would soon have rendered the attempt im- 
 practicable. If man suspends his exertions for a moment 
 he wi 1 be vanquished by Nature; and if, for a day. the 
 stimu us of possession is denied him. he will let his arms 
 fall idly by his sides, and will sleep by the side of his 
 abandoned tools. 
 
 All travelers have been struck with the stateof langour 
 poverty, and devouring avarice in which those countries 
 are found where property is not sufficiently protected 
 (to into the east, where the despotic ruler is the only pro 
 prietor ; or, what is the same thing, go backtothe middle 
 ages, and you will see everywhere the same signs: the 
 land neglected, because it is the readiest prey of the tv 
 rants avidity, and entrusted to the hands of involuntary 
 .-„.., ...m.x^^xCv; picicrruu, uuuause m it taxes are more 
 easily evaded-in commerce, gold, silver, and precious 
 stones, being most readily concealed, jiil capital is invested 
 in these articles; and when a loan is effected, it is at 
 
fll! 
 
 
 I' 
 
 m 
 
 44 
 
 an enormous rate of usury-riches confined to the pov^se.^' 
 of a select class, who, affecting poverty livino- in h m , « 
 mean alt the outside, but sumpluLs ^Shinl^^f p^l^^ f^ 
 invmcible constancy the barbarous ruler ^o^ w LiTer o 
 ^^t^Zi^ '--' ^' ^'^^^' treasures,^rXi: 
 
 vatr landTtl"^^^^ revivedlst^,. "Lk^r^el ,"0 
 value— land fetching as much as it is worth, becomes 
 fertile-gold and silver, once so valued, are now mW fn 
 convenient values and fall in price-the class who held 
 them, retaining their business habite, have recovIrcS the r 
 social importance with their security They no lon^r con 
 S^'n^i' wealth, but display it witfi conSc^ anTlend 
 t at moderate interest. Activity is universal and sus- 
 tained; general comfort follows, and society expandin!- 
 hke arose to the sun, displays itself on m4ry siK ^^ 
 minng eyes If any one attributes the prosperity oi ctv- 
 ihzed countries to liberty I sav thaf ,-f Cv^ 
 secured and respected, that 'we owl th: e^^ " ^^ffi 
 for Venice was not free, but her tyrants resting lat>r' 
 she became the richest slave in the world. ^ ' 
 
 I sum up then what I have said, and find that man has 
 a primary property in himself and his powerj? he has 
 L fS""""^' J^'' PT"""^^ t^ ^'^^^^^r but not the less 
 
 WhL H ^'- 7^''^"* ^ goocf8,and which society is in the 
 highest degree interested in securing to him j for w thout 
 that secui-ity there can be no labor-f without laborTociV 
 ihzation, not even a supply for natural wante-butmLrv 
 plundering, and savageism. "ui misery, 
 
 M'' 
 
45 
 
 1 to the possGiSi-'- 
 t'ing in houses 
 — opposiniT with 
 who wisiie^s to 
 isures, revenge 
 
 3S8 of civil iza- 
 respected, con^ 
 es its rehitivc 
 orth, becomes 
 now only in- 
 lass who held 
 recovered their 
 r no longer con- 
 3nce, and lend 
 rsal and sus- 
 by, expanding 
 y sidrt to ad- 
 jperity of civ- 
 is Ui property y 
 jrand results; 
 pecting labor, 
 
 that man has 
 >wers ; he has 
 not the less 
 includes all 
 >ciety is in the 
 ; for without 
 labor no civ- 
 I — but misery, 
 
 THE SPIRIT OF PROGRESS. 
 
 By George Gamsby, Operative Shipwright, Sunderland. 
 
 " Watchman ! watchman ! what of the night ?"' 
 Progress, is the aim of the day ; it is on all lips, the 
 
 of 
 
 every lecture. May the realizati ^_ ^ ^._ 
 
 mise ! Progression is a divine law, indelibly stamped upon 
 the human race — one which all the tyrants that ever ex- 
 isted, all the enemies to human improvement, have striven 
 in vain to impede . Its march may have been irregular, 
 and will again be interrupted ; but there is an all-conquering 
 energy in the human breast, which will beat down all op- 
 position, and ultimately lead man to a higher, holier, and 
 happier state. This conviction, this faith in humanity 
 and its glorious destiny, nerves the philantrophist and the 
 patriot, enables them, when their high expectations have 
 been disappointed, and their plans fiustrated— to rise 
 again buoyant with fresh life, wiser from the experience 
 of past failures, and strengthened in the hope that although 
 individuals struggling under the impulse of a holy aspira- 
 tion may be crushed, yet the human race will stilf advance, 
 v^ll still make each coming day richer in knowledge 
 than its predeceasor, each generation wiser and happier 
 than the last. : ,/>.f 
 
 Look back but a few centuries, and we find barbarism 
 exemplified under the form of the feudal system, when 
 there were but two classes in society, the chiefs and their 
 serfs or slaves ; the latter in the most brutalized and ab- 
 ject condition, the property of, and existing but for the 
 use and gratification of, their superiors. Turn a few 
 pages further back in our country's history, and wc find 
 the natives of this boastful isle, wandering about without 
 dwellings, clad in the skins of beasts, with their bodies 
 
 hideOUsTv vainted. and offerincr iit» hnmnn vintlma +r» T^ro- 
 
 pitiate their gods. If, then, the human race has made 
 such wonderful advances, in a period short when compar- 
 ed with the age of the world, may we not reasonably ex- 
 
i 
 
 
 r' t 
 
 nr; : ! 
 
 
 46 
 
 poet, that BDio, with atrencie!) eimnti/. i„ »i -• 
 
 endless in their vai-ifltv /*„, „§^ " ""'"' P'"^*''' and 
 
 feeHtdiflJou1tTustly,ra;p!t:ir' ""-"""■" "'""^ -"' 
 
 ing their little tbH,ats, iren^Ies^^^anft: ^.'"^.tt"" 
 chorus of nrture's beautiful meI(X rnH .L "'.^'™" the 
 
 indulging in sportive gambo^T^Lj^feinl ir";;^"' "''"^'f 
 ence, and eniovinn- nil +k^ i „ • lejoiong in their exist- 
 
 ceptible sXn ilan Sen ff ,"'? '^Z "»'"'•<'' «■•« «""- 
 Buc\ infinite ftouS' or Ve ^c^isf,;:'' 7;t<'"«', -'"' 
 such exquisite capabilities Cth^^riLfJ""^'^^"' 
 
 ^t;^vr™TheTe';;pr„\€Er^^^^^ 
 ZT^ fctbS »SH' ^r r "- ~« 
 
 yet speaketh ^*^^ ^'^P'^' ^^^' ^^o»gh dead. 
 
 "No! by the mind of man. 
 
 By the swart artisan • 
 
 By God, our Sire I 
 Our souls have holy light within, 
 
 sLi7'^ home of grief and sin,' 
 
 Shall see and feel its fire " 
 
 a •■ pCh^a-frh"?^ "'T ■>"" "^n Passed 
 ■darlnl '. Cl ^'i*!??. *■"«». ^ho-gh i« the midst 
 „. .„j J.'. 'i:™'™.'' ""«"««• ana better atr„ (™ tk. 
 
 of ^__^ ^„, 
 
 of dartness. to fornao^ « k-t^tr.. 
 
 sons and daughters of h • - 
 
 un blest with the divine 
 
 Few 
 
 spirit. Even Bjro] 
 
 better age lor the 
 ' have been 
 the despond- 
 
leir power and 
 tvill be accelcr- 
 no minds will 
 
 ature, we finrl 
 y of humanity. 
 le lovely land- 
 earth, redolent 
 y tribe strain - 
 to swell the 
 animal world 
 in their exist- 
 itures are sus- 
 endowed with 
 »f knowledge, 
 of enjoyment 
 luction of art 
 >nly creature 
 ^o! In the 
 Lhough dead, 
 
 in the ocean 
 s; all LIFE 
 h: his way " 
 ism to that 
 herently the 
 ;he way." 
 n possessed 
 in the midst 
 ige tor the 
 have been 
 ^e despond- 
 
 47 
 
 ing, experienced moments when a bright gleam shone 
 upon his soul, and, in the spirit of hope, could foresee the 
 shadowing forth of human progress, and the potency of its 
 mighty agencies— a fuller realization of which we have 
 been to privileged to witness. The noble bard says, al- 
 luding to the future power of the press :— 
 
 " Words are things, and a drop of ink 
 Falling upon a thought, may produce that 
 Which will make thousands, perhaps millions, think." 
 
 And again, in reference to the power of popular intellig- 
 ence: — 
 
 « Methinks I hear a little bird that sinjcs, 
 The people by and by will be the stronger. " 
 
 Another divinely sings- - 
 
 " A brighter mom awaits the human day. " 
 Yes, that morn has been ushered in ; the sun of intellig- 
 ence has fairly risen above the clouds of ignorance and 
 prejudice, and its refulgence is penetrating every nook and 
 cranny of our land; even those regions hitherto barren 
 wastes and howling wildernesses, have felt his genial rays, 
 and will, ere long, flourish and blossom as the rose. 
 
 But, a temperament less sanguine may curl the lip and 
 knit the brow, and tell you, " These are the lights, take 
 the shadows also." 
 
 In the transitory state we now occupy, there will, of 
 necessity, be partial evil and suffering; but let us hope 
 that, like the fabled bridge of Mahomet, however sharp 
 and painful the passage is, it is conducting us to a para- 
 dise, and that the period will arrive when machmery will 
 cease to be monopolized by a class, but its benefits will be 
 extended to the many, raising them to comfort and felic- 
 ity—becoming for them the onli^, and the most powerful 
 slaves in existence. As yet we have had but intelligence 
 enough to contrive and construct these invaluable powers 
 of mechanism. What is requisite now is, wisdom ration- 
 ally to employ them in the production of wealth for all ; 
 
48 
 
 then, instead of taskmasters, they will become ourpa-sive 
 untinng servants, foming one of the most j^oweHUl n.;en. 
 
 mv 'bri^hrr fh" ''^ '"'^"^ happiness. Take heart, then, 
 my biethren, there is no cause to do.^pond, but overv 
 reason to be animated with the hope that ^ 
 
 " Man's age of endless peace, 
 Which time is fast maturing 
 Will swiftly, 8ure?.y come " ' 
 
 Amongst the various agencies contributing to the march 
 o^ popular advancement, the Press Htands^.re-eminent 
 Ne.er, at any period of our country's annals has thi 
 been so powerfully efficient as now. Thousands of chea 
 
 soloT Tf. 'f ^"VT *'r^"^' ^^-^"^ '^' inexhaustible 
 souice Those whose lights have hitherto moved in the 
 
 limited orbits of aristocratic circles, are now adopting a 
 wider range m the republic of letters. The " Friends '' of 
 the working man m;e spreading over the land, visiting him 
 m his humble dwelling-advising and instructing him in a 
 manner so affable, that the most fastidious cannot be ol 
 ^tnf' • )y^^^^^^^' form truth appears, whether in the 
 discoveries of science, the facts of history or the efforts of 
 benevo ence. It IS s.ized by the agencies of the press, and 
 with Its magic types, impressed in eloquent characters on 
 the vacant page stamping immortality on experience. 
 The appicationofsteam-power to the purposes of travel 
 
 off nLliT T ^ V^'"V^P^:^"'°^^"^ *^^^ ^'^^io"« flow 
 of intellect. Truths and opinions, as soon aS fallen from 
 
 hJHH ? ""^ .u ^P^^^^""' ''^^^^'^^ ^ material form and tang i- 
 t) lity from the press, and are wafted to all parts of the 
 globe and diffused amongst all nations of men. This same 
 application of steam-power, too, i. narrowing oceans, and 
 bringing countries, and nations, and peoples, into close 
 proximiy; breaking down national pi^juLe^, and con! 
 vortmg the " foreigner " into a « friead,'' and the "natural 
 enemy" into a ^'neighbor." This poW has bZ ^J 
 precui-sor ui IuhL eniiffhtened policy "which will ultimateiv 
 spread a friendly intercourse over the whole world and 
 demonstrates to all the folly and inhumanity of war w^?h 
 
49 
 
 its " million hon-ors," and establish in its stead peace, am- 
 ity, and ^'(Kxl-will. l^««-u, mn 
 
 Piihlic meetings, too, those popular privileges of the 
 wnS ' T?"' *'" ^!^"^ribating their quota to^ the goqfl 
 ^-^1 k. 1 hey aroiusing the public mind, rendering it capt- 
 .ie of receiving great, imperishable tacts, and stimulating 
 the popular elements to action. Another most encourag^ 
 ing Item remains to be noticed. Never, at any period of 
 the wor d'« iH.tory, did there exist such a '■' ireedom o 
 speech as at this moment. The press may print and 
 men may speak their honest convictions rproviding it is 
 done within the bcninds of propi-iety), withbut the tear of 
 legal proi^ecutioi.. 
 
 Huchisa brief and imperfect sketch of the princinal 
 agencies of progress in the present age. Much is doing 
 but the great race is but begun . Ihe field inviting our 
 active exertions is vast and extensive. Let us hope the 
 laborers will be found efficient . Mighty, varied, ind op- 
 pressive are the evils of society ; yet Ti. .,,«test evil ?s 
 the peo],le s ignorance. Ignorano. ^ets apathy, and the 
 system of misrule and oppression is perpetuated . i?e- 
 move the ]).-imury evil, and all those social ills of which we 
 
 Sh '" ^'''^^'' ^"''''"' ^^^ ^^""^^ ^y ^^® popular 
 
 What a motive, this, for every man blessed with mtelli- 
 gence to become a missionary amongst his fellow-men in 
 this glorious work I Let '' each and all " encourage the 
 desponding by imparting to them those anticipatioirs of a 
 long endless, progression towards peace, and knowledge, 
 and happiness. Let our less-favored brethren be taught 
 by precept and example, the superiority of mental cultiva- 
 tion to pursuits of a low, base, degrading nature. Let 
 the working class cease to spend their strength in abusive 
 declamation against their opponents, and devote their en- 
 ergies to mutual improvement and the elevation of their 
 ^Ji-uer. mo strength vested in the hands of the enemies to 
 progress exists only in our weakness. Let us become in- 
 leiJigent, and earnestly imbued with a sense oi our inter- 
 
50 
 
 ests and duties, and then our opponents will gradually and 
 silently retire from the contest, leaving us in quiet pos- 
 session of the field. 
 
 *» Let good men ne'er of truth despair, 
 * Though humble efforts fail ; 
 
 We'll not gire o'er until, once more, 
 
 The righteous cause prevail . 
 '« In rain, and long enduring wrong, 
 The weak may strive against the strong 5 
 
 But the day shall yet appear 
 When the right with the might and the truth shall be ' 
 And, eome what there may to stand in the way, 
 
 That day the world shall see I" 
 
 MOTTO. 
 
 " For even when we were with you, this we commanded 
 you, that if any would not work, neither should he eat.— 
 2nd Thissalonians, iii : 10. 
 
 iiltll 
 
 BB INDUSTRIOUS. 
 
 There is full enough to do — 
 Enough for me — enough for you— 
 
 Don't be lazy : 
 Drive at something — keep a driving, 
 If you would be rich and thriving. 
 
 Do not sit and suck your thumbs, 
 Waiting till some business comes — 
 
 Don't be lazy : 
 Who will pity when you sputter, 
 Lying idle in the gutter ?'^ 
 
gradually and 
 in quiet po<*. 
 
 trath shall be ' 
 he way, 
 
 3 commanded 
 aid he eat. — 
 
 n^> 
 
 51 
 
 There's a garden to be dug — 
 
 There's a cistern needs a plug 
 
 Bon't be lazy : 
 You can plant, or you can harrow- 
 Pull a truck, or wheel a barrow. 
 
 Stir about, and you will find 
 Something that will suit your mind— 
 
 -Don't be lazy : 
 •Tis a truth that's worth your knowing, 
 Idleness is always growing. 
 
 Labor — labor and be wise 
 
 Labor for the earth and skies— 
 
 Don't be lazy : 
 Work to bless, restore, and save— 
 Work to triumph o'er the grave. 
 
 THE OLYMPIAD OP LABOR. 
 By Charles Vickerman, Woollen Spinner, Huddersfield. 
 History presents many inst£ ices of great gatherings of 
 rJ!^: y different ages of the world ; but perhaps the most 
 nrifJni ' °"™»ny accounts, is that ot the ^lebration 
 «„i ^""P'.^' ,"** ^'■®^®- On these occasions Greece 
 summoned not only the sons of her own soil, but those of 
 
 wiThv fll^ ^?»*^,?f ^ well, to qualify or train them for 
 war, by feats of agihty and strength This waa the most 
 esteemed repast that classic Greece could fbrnish to the 
 
 mnHnf Ti ?* *^t,Pf¥®' a« a parenthesis to the ordinary 
 outine of life. Yet tliese Olympic gatherings wielded ah 
 
 nfluence over the public mind, of which we, at this di^ 
 
 n^^li^ ^ -««-"v, van luim uum very maaequate oon- 
 
 ftvSi ?K ^ ^crates, a Plato, and an HerodotiS stood out 
 ii-om the crowd, here and there, casting a classic halo over 
 
I 
 
 li 
 
 62 
 
 the whole ; but immediately over the great mass of the 
 people was mental darkness. Thei mental act! vity of the 
 Greece of that period was confined to a selcot few : as to 
 the people at lar^e, they liad the worst part of their na- 
 tures aroused. They were ti'uined for war — for destruc- 
 tion ; not trained mentally. No; there wa« nothing to 
 point the crowd upward in the scale of being* 
 
 Society, since then, when vievyod in. I'elation to small 
 periods of time, may not appear to have mifde much a<l- 
 vance; but when viewed in its aggregate, notwithstanding 
 the allegation oi Thomas Oarlysle, has taken a giant stride : 
 and historians must here close their chapters, point their 
 pens anew, and commence writing a now era in the 
 world's history, — the celebration ot the infinitely more 
 glorious Olympiad, «Ac Olympiad of Labor,— \nhov which 
 is the echo of universal nature, the contingent of human 
 existence, the school of advancement in robust mental en- 
 orgy, and triurapli over difficulties, which give force, de- 
 cision, and solidity of character, tending to an intellectual 
 development and higher state of being worthy of man. The 
 blossoms of the spring of progress are peeping into life. 
 Britain has summoned the nations to her shores to cele- 
 brate the Olympiad of Production, in contradistinction to 
 that of war, devastation, and destruction ; the new one of 
 the builders, in opposition to that of the pullers-down ; the 
 Olympiad of mtnrf, in opposition to that of matter. The 
 Palace of Glass, in which the celebration ot 1851 is to take 
 place, is in strict harmony with the event. This emblem 
 of light and progress, this crystal palace, will contain 
 within its bounds many exquisitely beautiful and precious 
 Embodiments of minH— crystallized thoughts— for such 
 they surely will be — once floating about in a sort of gaseous 
 iorm through many an active brain, but now in process of 
 being converted into crystals ; crystals, too, such as chem- 
 ist never fbrmed . What a number of thought-crystals 
 will be there exhibited to the astonished world I When the 
 
 mind Atf'Amiht.a fn tv^aliu^i IKa ortnnarkt!/%n a t^nnna. ^4-' n,.^»l 
 r"~ — — ■"" ...... ...-.|.,.iv-j5j « cjwii--- '_'i cmiui 
 
 grandeur and sublimity rises before the mental vision, to 
 
 
 
as3 of the 
 ivity of the 
 f'ow : an to 
 f their na- 
 01* dcatriic- 
 nothing to 
 
 n to small 
 t much ad- 
 ithstuiiding 
 jiunt stride : 
 jx)int their 
 
 era in the 
 itcly more 
 nbor which 
 
 of liiiman 
 
 mental en- 
 ) torco, dc- 
 
 intellectual 
 >f man. The 
 1^ into life. 
 'OS to celo- 
 stinction to 
 new one of 
 *-dovvn ; the 
 liter. The 
 5 1 is to take 
 'his emblem 
 nil contain 
 nd precious 
 9 — for such 
 rt of gaseous 
 n process of 
 ich as chem- 
 ight-crystals 
 
 I When the 
 
 A vision, to 
 
 
 53 
 
 which the history of the world fails to furnish a parallel. 
 Matter subjected to mind, in all the conceived forms that 
 can contribute to physical comfort and mental progress. 
 Productions will be there of the most cool and utilitarian 
 character, as well as the most impassioned and poetic. 
 Science is in our day, as it wore, domesticated. She is no 
 longer a dream in the hands of philosophers, but a reality 
 and concomitant of life. And science will be there, to 
 show the myriads of ways in which she can minister to 
 the well-being of man. Art, also, will lay before her vo- 
 taries the most exquisite combinations of form and color. 
 
 Feats of modern art and science will be performed afc 
 this modern Olympia as fiar excelling those performed at 
 the ancient, as the light of the sun at meridian day excels 
 in genial noss and brill ianc^ that of the glow-worm at mid- 
 night. Steam, man'- > aful and best ally, will there 
 show no small part power and handiwork. Steam! 
 
 which can with equal ease engrave a seal, and crush an 
 obdurate mass of metal like wax ; which can pierce the 
 eye of the smallest needle ; draw out, without breaking, a 
 thread as fine as gossamer, and drag a town at his heels, 
 through mountain and flood, as though it rvore a feather, 
 Egypt's sons toiled, in their hundreds of thousands, for 
 twenty years in rearing their Great Pyramid ; when the 
 iron-sinewed power of Britain alone would raise the same 
 material to an equal altitude in ton short hours! What 
 may we not hope from the genius that rules the spirit qt 
 steam. 
 
 Electricity, at mind's bidding, can dress in a magnifi- 
 cent coat of silver the, most complicated design that artist 
 can produce — can dash a mountain into the sea, and waft 
 the soft whispers of love, at lightning's speed, from Indus 
 to the Pole. 
 
 In short, the triumph and rule of the immaterial (the 
 iogly illustrated in the rapidity with which the Press, at 
 
54 
 
 Smr!f fh"^' '""^ ^'^'^ *'?^ ^^'' *'^^"^^»'t« ^^ the best 
 limes 86 f IS Rc match for imperial mind, when it imert^ 
 Its sovere.^rnty The Press wi'ests from passing TimTthe 
 
 o iWnd of n?f ^^^ P'^'^"*' ^"^ «^^ future generations, 
 to the end of all coming ages. ajf? ' 
 
 in Ho^ ""T"'*"^ ^? ^^^ '''^'''" of olives will not 'attain it, as 
 n days of yore, by treading down a brother, but by a hoT 
 
 sti^himTur* triu nph,-by elevating hims'elf. The prize 
 humarv^Lr ^^"1^^^ W ^ a higher co.idition of 
 W?Hnn^7i ^^",«*^«^ «omo new or earaoi-dinary sub- 
 ments of 1 f! ?' k'-'"' "f "'"^ *^ *^^« conveniences or orna- 
 ferrin?nn fn Vk k'"^ '^^^ '^" ^^ something towaixls con- 
 ptvtK^fKP • the human race that entire dominion over the 
 eaitb the air, and the sea, which was enjoined in the Uni- 
 
 LSitv1;";h'''''r"*^^!;'^*^ "^«"- ^he natls of 
 antiquity, m their palmiest days, never offered a prize for 
 
 bo worthy an object. AH honor to the individual the 
 country, and the age, that has given birth to, and is nur- 
 innll'/^S^""^"' ^ conception'' It is worthy of having 
 Zrth.'n'^fTK '' •* ^«rld-wide intellect.^ Press on^ 
 wai-d, then, for the prize, ye artisans of every clime A 
 
 r^'nanvorf^''''T^'^ ^""^^^ -«- genuinrhonor 
 upon any one of you, and more good on the gi-eat famiK 
 
 Th^oo^n^'" '.""•? ""^ ''''^'''' "^««t brillia^nt V c oS 
 fitffl«m7 IT' ^^"r"^' ''« to enchain the mind and 
 stifle thought ; but it is the glorious mission of labor to 
 
 andTanTs^of ';'r'.^'^" "^T' ^ *^^ ™«»« S>ses 
 and wants of civilization and progress. Listen I what 
 
 Bhouts of response to Britain's summons are reaching our 
 shores from the thousands that are on the move Su^rope 
 Asia Africa, and America I The great master sSof 
 the age are coming from every land and every tongue 
 The follower o Confucius from the land of the^mornC 
 
 MOO. ana- tSe sM^eS^ l^rS;;^Z''~^ 
 
i the best 
 
 Pinie ; ye^, 
 
 it asserts 
 
 Time the 
 
 conserves 
 
 jnerations, 
 
 ;tain it, as 
 t by a hol- 
 Thfc prize 
 .idition of 
 inary sub- 
 
 or orna- 
 aitls con- 
 n over the 
 I the Uiii- 
 lations of 
 
 prize for 
 idual, the 
 d is nur- 
 of having' 
 Press on- 
 lime . A 
 ne honor 
 \t fa mi I J 
 victories . 
 mind and 
 labor, to 
 purposes 
 II ! what 
 hing our 
 a Europe, 
 spirits of 
 
 tongue, 
 morning 
 lore ; the 
 scorched 
 now-clad 
 
 55 
 
 north, are coming, with joyful countenances, to assist in 
 celebrating the completion of the World's new Olympiad 
 
 B will give a mighty impulse to many a Newtonic 
 mmd. ihe great master spirits, the pioneers of progress 
 can here compare notes, and see the realization of many a 
 doubted project,— can recruit their strength like wearied 
 tj-avellers and then commence their arduous toil anew 
 filled with the raptures with which demonstrations always 
 feasts the nnind. They will go on their way with increasinfr 
 energy and power, and the result will be fresh achievc- 
 nients of mind over matter, hitherto undi-eamed of—fresh 
 adaptations of the material world to the wants and ad 
 vancement of mankind. The almost endless variety of the 
 forms and productions of labor will furnish to the less ac- 
 tive minds an abundance of material for afterthourrht.— 
 1 here will be sufficient to induce the nobles of rank to 
 think moi-e complacently of labor— sufficient to tempt a 
 thought that, after all, the philosophy of labor may have 
 
 something to do with the philosophy of life— that it was 
 possibly, an item in the design of the universe, when the 
 mooning stars sang together at the dawn of ihe first day 
 The most indifTerent will scarcely escape without a mater- 
 lal expansion of mind . It will yield mental occupation to 
 thousands when they again reach their quiet but far-dis- 
 tant homes, over the blue waters. The bustle and parade 
 of a court is not always the most favorable for thought 
 but when the artisan reaches his home on the far-off Con- 
 tinent or in the distant province, and when that flickering; 
 glare and that pearly light have both died out— when the 
 clang of the hammers, the hum of the spindles, the noise 
 of the swift-flying shuttle, and the rumbling wheels, are 
 hushed and still, and he seated at " his ain fireside "—the 
 startling neigh of the ^' iron hoi-se " bounding alon/' his 
 mighty track, borne to his ear on the blustering of wintry 
 winds from the west, which Is bustling and howling round 
 his detached cottage,— then, as he turns his eye dreamily 
 to tne fire, othei' bright eyes peering wistfully inlr his-- 
 then will the full recollection of what he has seen rush 
 
B 
 
 M 
 
 li 
 
 
 M 
 
 
 1 
 
 K 
 
 1 
 
 56 
 
 npon his mind, even after the lapse of years. 
 
 " The faithful sight 
 " Engraves the knowledge with a beam of light. " 
 
 In the workshop, too, the recollection will be with him 
 and will become part and parcel of his Neing. He will be 
 as one that has added, £,8 it were, a new wing to the sto -e- 
 house of his ideas, and will have a better supply to meet 
 all future demands, making him a better workman, a bet- 
 ter citizen, and leading him to a more just appreciation of 
 lifiB and the great object of his being. The event will 
 break down many of the barriei'S to intert^^urse and amity 
 set up by ignorance and isolation, and tetjd to a kindlier 
 feeling between all nations and all ranks. All will bo 
 mutually benefitted ; and each returning pilgrim will be a 
 peace missionary to his country and tribe. It will hasten 
 the realization of the sublime principle of the universal 
 brotherhood of man, when Olympia shall teach her sons 
 the art of war no more ; when islet shall beckon in good- 
 will to islet, peninsula to peninsula, and continent to con- 
 tinent, till in one seraphic shout shall burst from all lands 
 — *' Of one blood hath God made all the nations of the 
 earth 1" . . 
 
 WORK. 
 
 Attend, O Man I' 
 Uplift the banner of thy kind. 
 
 Advance the ministry of mind ; 
 The mountain height is free to climb, 
 Toil,— Man's heritage is Time I 
 Toil on! 
 
 Work on and win : 
 Life, without work, is unenjoyed ; 
 The happiest are the best employed ; 
 Work moves and moulds the mightiest birth. 
 And grasps the destinies of earth ! 
 
 Woi'k on I 
 
67 
 
 with him 
 He will be 
 the sto-e- 
 ' to meet 
 an, a bet- 
 jciation of 
 J vent wiil 
 and amity 
 El kindlier 
 11 will bo 
 1 will be a 
 'ill hasten 
 iiniveraal 
 her sons 
 1 in good- 
 t)t to con- 
 1 all lands 
 ns of the 
 
 >, 
 
 >st birth, 
 
 
 Work sows the seed : 
 Even the rock may yield its flower; 
 No lot so hard, but human power, 
 Exerted to one end and aim, 
 May conquer Fate, and capture Fame : 
 
 Press on ! 
 
 Press onward still : 
 Iw. Nature's centre lives the fire 
 Tii;it slow, thouf^h sure, doth yet aspire ; 
 Through fathcJras deep of mould and clay, 
 It split the rocks that bar its way ! 
 
 Work on 1 
 
 If Nature then 
 Lay tame beneath her weight of earth, 
 VVhen would her hidden lire know birth ? 
 Thus man throue^h granite Fate must find 
 The path— the upward path— of Mind I 
 
 Work on 1 
 
 Pause not in fear : 
 Preach no de^iponding, «ervile view ; 
 Whate'er thou will'st thy Will may do ! • 
 Strengthen each manly nerve to bend 
 Truth's bow and bid its shaft ascend I 
 
 Toil on 1 
 
 Ee firm of heart : 
 By fusion of un umbered years 
 A Continent its vastness rears ! 
 A drop, 'tis said, thorough flint will wear : 
 Toil on, and Nature's conquest share ! ' 
 
 Toil on ! 
 
 Within thyseif 
 Bright morn, nd noon, and aight lucceed ; 
 Power, feeling, passion, thought, a:d deed,; 
 
58 
 
 Harmonious beauty prompts thy breast 
 
 Things ano^els love, and God hath blest ! 
 Work on ! 
 
 Work on and win ! 
 Shall light from Nature's depths arise, 
 And thou, whose mind can grasp the skies, 
 Sit down with Fate, and idly rail ? 
 No ! Onward I Let the truth prevail 
 
 Work on ! • 
 
 h > 
 
 m 
 
 ill 
 
 HAPPINESS ATTAIUABLB BY THE WOREING MAN. 
 
 By James Waters, Journeyman Shoemaker, Bristol. 
 
 Happiness is an object sought after by the generality of 
 men ; but too many find it not, because Ihev ^eek it in 
 wrong objects. Not a few suppose it to be "inseparable 
 from wealth, honor, and sensual pleasure. This is a 
 wrong estimate, and has been ruinous to many. 
 
 Infatuated thus, men like those whose names have been 
 Perpetuated upon the page of history as conquerors and 
 heroes, have become wholesale murderers, ovci urnin"- 
 nations and kingdoms, spreading desolation and deatlK 
 and multiplying the niiseries of mankind. By these 
 means nations have been rendered famous, and men have 
 obtained honors for themselves. Such were the Alexan- 
 ders, the Pompeys, and Cajsars of antiquity, the Napoleons 
 and Nelsons of modern date. Did these men obtain the 
 happmess they sought, ' / the many victories they 
 achieved ? Let one renowned conqueror answer for them 
 all. Alexander the Great, after he had conquered the 
 world, sat down and wept, because there were no more 
 worlds for him to conquer. 
 
 There are men now o' days whom prejudice has hood- 
 winked upon the subject of happiness. They imagine 
 
< • 59 
 
 tliat it consists in gold-making, fashion, equipage, fine 
 mansions, and high liring. Such are mistaken. The 
 world says, -It is npt in me." A man may be clothed in 
 purple and fine Jinen, and fare sumptuously every df«v 
 and yet bo an unhappy man. Happiness is not depen' 
 dent upon external circumstances. Sensual gratificatfons 
 do not impart it ; because man has a rational desire, which 
 cannot be satisfied with things seen and temporal 
 
 The working man is. formed for the enjoyment of 
 happiness, as well as the monarch. As a working man I 
 think that I can show my working brethren how to 'be 
 happy from the following sources r-from Zaiour— fi-om 
 InteAlectual Ci.ture-and from Godliness with Contentment. 
 
 First, FROM Labor. 
 
 1st. LaJior has been appointed for man hy the great 
 Creator. The wisdom of the appointment must be ad- 
 mitted ; because God is infininitely wise. Inseparably 
 connected with his wisdom stands his bene relence ; for 
 God IS love. The bounties of Providence evinne that 
 love, and reward the laboring man for his toil. Labor 
 and blessings stand connected. To obtain the one we 
 must perform the other. The husbandman cannot expect 
 to reap a harvest without ploughing and sowing. By the 
 faithful and d.hgent use of the means the blessino- is 
 secured Ihe miner cannot have the treasure hidden in 
 the earth without labor. By persevering toil ho is richly 
 rewarded. So it is with working men of every grade f 
 we use lawful means, good will be ours ' 
 
 The knowledge of the fact is a source of pleasure, and a 
 po^yerfu motive to exertion. Remuneration is the main- 
 spring of industrial movements. Some may say, necessity 
 and not remuneration, is the cause of industry f if so, min 
 
 No? I w-Ik ''^""'^ «^.''''^^^ ""^"'^ "^"^P^l hi"^ to action, 
 nlnf ^ 'l^ remuneration ; it sweetdns the bitterness con- 
 
 Talt .''th "^7. ''^*' ^J *^''.- ^^''^'^ ^^"'^- ^^^^ l^^r- 
 aclrag, the other renders it a source of happiiigsri to the 
 working community. ppi"9s« to ine 
 
 The employed are not the only persons whose happiness 
 
m 
 
 60 
 
 is incroasod by remuneration. The employer is actualed 
 by this powerful motive. What would 'become of the 
 employer, after he has embarked his c'apital in commercial 
 enterprise, if there were no return ? Ruin. Is the pros- 
 pect of ruin desirous, and productive of happiness ? No : 
 •uch prospects would soon paralyze exertion . 
 
 See the husbandman rising with the lark in the raorninff 
 and going cheerfully forth to bis labor until the evening! 
 And gladly, too, does the miner brave the dangers of his 
 calling ; whilst, at the factories, working men and workino- 
 women, amidst the noise of machineiy, perform their 
 daily task with joy. In the field and the mine, in tht 
 factory and workshop, by land and by sea, the hire of 
 human industry is fraught with pleasure for the workin«r 
 man. *= 
 
 I appeal to the sons of tx)il. Have you not at times felt 
 tlie want of employment ? There are few who have not 
 Jiut, if employment be constant, there are holidays. What 
 have been your feelings ? Have you not said, " I am 
 miserable: I shall be glad when the time arrives for 
 work? Here, then, you have proofs that labor affords 
 you more happiness than idleness. Labor itself yields 
 pleasure : add to that the reward which it secures, and 
 the value of the happiness of labor will be increased. 
 
 2nd. Labor is highly henfficid for mm; because it is 
 calculated to meet his necessities, which makes it a source 
 of pleasure. Labor is the reservoir which supplies the 
 streams for keeping in motion the social machinery. If 
 thaJt fail, the working man is lefl without hope. 
 
 The Scriptures declare—" He that provideth not for his 
 own, g,nd especially those of his own house, hath denied 
 the faith and is worse than an infidel." From this passage 
 we see the necessity there is for man to perform this im- 
 portant duty towards his family. God expects it to be per- 
 formed j religion advocates it; and reason looks for its 
 accoii,p,ishmeiit. Instinct, and not reason, guides the 
 brute creation in making provision for their young. See 
 how diligent the beasts of the field and the birds of the air 
 
 are in 
 
 to supj 
 
 is supei 
 
 than th( 
 
 having 
 
 which ] 
 
 soul, an 
 
 revelatic 
 
 his duty 
 
 The \ 
 
 and if h< 
 
 be stronj 
 
 cherishe< 
 
 so dear t 
 
 own joy. 
 
 a contras 
 
 Diiigenc( 
 
 lieu be 1 
 
 dropped 
 
 cared bi 
 
 children, 
 
 Ihey ran 
 
 received i 
 
 seen theii 
 
 in ignorai 
 
 rived at n 
 
 same stan 
 
 ragged ch 
 
 because, u 
 
 consequen 
 
 had seven 
 
 his indolei 
 
 herbs, whi 
 
 ing town. 
 
 some pers< 
 
 an old pai: 
 
 a fov pent 
 
actuated 
 ae of the 
 mmercial 
 the pro8- 
 
 8? No: 
 
 morning, 
 evening. 
 3r8 of his 
 working 
 ra their 
 9, in tht 
 hire of 
 working 
 
 imes felt 
 lave not, 
 , What 
 
 ''I am 
 ives ibr 
 
 affords 
 If jiolda 
 •es, and 
 I. 
 
 ISO it is 
 a source 
 )lies the 
 )ry. If 
 
 i for his 
 
 denied 
 
 passage 
 
 this im- 
 
 be 2)er- 
 
 I for its 
 
 ids the 
 
 g. See 
 
 the air 
 
 61 
 lo suppose, that to themit IS a.sourceof nleamirA ? Uor. 
 
 evLS>„ ",;T"'' ^« i"'^t-«t. ]f reason brZiteS by 
 
 an,Mf hrh^''"^ """"i' "^* "^^^^^ of affection for his family • 
 be «fln .i! ""'"." of'integrity, his affection for thorn wHl' 
 
 Cher S wnMh"*'"'*^- ^f P^'^P^^'^^" ^« '^^' affection s 
 
 80 dear to' him and""?" Tu ^ '"PP'^ *^^« ^^"^ «^ tho«e 
 80 aear to him . and to gladden their hearts doubles his 
 
 own joy. To understand this more clearly, we will draw 
 
 ^mX ' "'"' '"'^'^'"" ^^ Kenbe^'ldre'andS 
 
 Eeuben Idle was the son of a drunkard, who lono- sIppa 
 
 l3lut lifr'r"'":''^ ^^"^'«- Whilst he H^ved "he 
 taied but Jttle for the welfare of his wife and 
 
 th^y s totf ''T f " ''v'^T'' ' b/whirhterns 
 
 ;.«n • J^i ,"• ^^^^^^^ was his eldest son, who havintr 
 Lrih'^-^T"', ^"' P"'"^"^'^ ^^'^ instructions,' Tnd hav nf 
 seen their bad example, as a natural consequence^rew "f 
 in Ignorance of his duties to God and man.^ Whef hrar^ 
 rived at manhood, he married a wife somethinrof th^ 
 
 iT4^ Sir: '^'T''- ""''' '"'^y ^^^^« ^o- 0^1^^^^^ 
 
 lagged chil li-en, who cannot look to their father for brS 
 because, unhappily for them, he has none to live them ?n 
 consequence of his idle habits, In his youfger days' he 
 had several places of work, but lost them^ on^accS of 
 
 Wbf wSh ""r ^ T"'^^-« '''' ««'^«' colle'c ng'afew 
 herbs, which he hawks about the strectw of the ne^hho; 
 
 f^ J,T^ of wearing the« a.-ticl«, he s^ll, them ior 
 « few pettfte, and then goe. to other pei4ons, aayina "I 
 
62 
 
 was born without a shirt, :ind now I have on only a peice 
 of om Ho also calls himself the seventh son, to intim- 
 ate his skill in the selection of herbs. His home, as well 
 as his person, presents a scene of wretchedness. In one 
 corner is a bundle of straw, an old chair without a bade 
 a three-leg^red stool, a tea-kettle without a handle, a try- 
 ing pan with a hole in the bottom, and a few articles of 
 broken crockery, constitute their househbld stock. His 
 wite 18 a drudge, and his children paupers. 
 
 Such are the circumstances of Eeuben Idle. He is ea ino- 
 his lo^ ^^ ^^^ ^°^"^ ' ^"^ wretchedness, -not happiness, it 
 
 Paul Diligence is an inhabitant of the same village in 
 which Eeuben Idle lives. Paul is the son of a TX)or but ' 
 honest man, who fears God and loves mankind When 
 youngj his father taught him the fear of the Lord, and 
 sent him to the Sabbath-school, where he heard of Jesus 
 the sinners friend, and learned to read the Book of God ' 
 Ihe instruction which he received at the Sabbath- 
 school, and the example of a pious father, had a good ef. 
 lect upon Paul, and he grew up to be an intollige.it, 
 pious, industrious man. Now he has a cheerful wifefand 
 a happy group of children, flis home is stored with com- 
 forts, and there happiness constantly dwells, with the 
 Dlessmg of God, upon his industiious efforts. 
 
 Paul has the respect ofhis neighbors, and the confid- 
 ence of his superiors. The character of Reuben Idle is a 
 practical comment upon the pro/erb that says—" Idleness 
 will clothe a man with rags." Working men, if you would 
 escape poverty with its train of evils; if you would enjoy 
 domestic happiness, flee idleness and practise industry : 
 fof by so doing you will supply your own wants, and the 
 wants of those dependent upon you. From the case of 
 Paul JJihgence you have an illustration of that passage— 
 ' The hand of the diligent maketh rich." 
 
 3rd. Labor is a source of happiness, because by it the 
 wording man oecomes the genuine benefactor of his spe- 
 cies. There is a luxury in doing good. The generality 
 of working men overlook this fact , that, whilst they ben 
 
 ©fit the; 
 
 way of 
 
 serve — 
 
 First, 
 
 The son 
 
 benefit i 
 
 pie's fbc 
 
 ters, an( 
 
 pensabh 
 
 stead of 
 
 universfi 
 
 ful than 
 
 monarch 
 
 land, wc 
 
 Our e] 
 
 not only 
 
 sheep, ai 
 
 supplied 
 
 butter. 
 
 materialt 
 
 The husl 
 
 Truly it 
 
 their rac* 
 
 country f 
 
 he in a ce 
 
 and not d 
 
 low-men. 
 
 labor, he 
 
 Second 
 
 factor to ] 
 
 and for ot 
 
 we should 
 
 ver, coppc 
 
 Coal is est 
 
 tures also 
 
 sons, and 
 
 als are, in 
 
 has been t 
 
ily a peice 
 to inti ni- 
 ne, JiH well 
 In one 
 t a back, 
 le, a fiy- 
 irticleH of 
 )ck. 11 is 
 
 benefit 
 
 eis en 
 ppine85i, 18 
 
 ng 
 
 village in 
 poor but 
 When 
 lOrd, and 
 of Jeyus, 
 of God. 
 Sabbath- 
 good ef. 
 toUigeijt, 
 wife, and 
 nth com- 
 with the 
 
 3 confid- 
 [dle is a 
 Idleness 
 )u would 
 Id enjoy 
 jdusliy ; 
 and the 
 case of 
 iBsage — 
 
 y it the 
 bis spe- 
 nerality 
 ley ben. . 
 
 cxamj 
 
 63 
 
 efit themselves by labor, they i\ 
 
 way of illustration we vill tal 
 serve — 
 
 First, That class of the community called husbandmen 
 
 ^^emn f '*r '"'^ '""""^ '' ^'-^P.^"^^^ -J^h, because they 
 bench the entire community. Tile destrov^ ,; of (he pZ 
 
 pies food might be done without, such ap distilk , maltt 
 
 pensable. it the land were not cu t vato;' ;m'rj ipm^ in 
 stead of ftniitfulness, would follow, and, ns \ 1^^^ 
 
 lul than that (Jf the pestilence, because all classes from the 
 monarch upon the throne to the poorest subject in he 
 land, would feel it life-destroying stroke ^ 
 
 Our chief supply of food is from the agriculturist He 
 not only tills the land for corn, but is the breeder of cattle 
 .^heep, and poultry, by which means the communiH h 
 
 b?ttr z' '"^tr^^T^'K"^"' ^^^^'^' ^^'^«' ^^-- ->" 
 
 uuuei inom cattle and sheep, too, are wc supplied with 
 materials for clothing as well a's feeding the cS uni 
 Thehusbandmen, too is the grower of hemp and flax 1 
 
 theh^nce"''^Tho''o!^\'^n^ ''' '^' benefactors of 
 
 then race. The polished townsman may lauch at the 
 
 country farmer, calling him a clown, aiKl asse?tin^ iha? 
 he u a century behind; but let that scoffer learn toi^spec 
 md not deride, him who is the practical friend of his ^fbl 
 ow.men. Whilst the faime}. benefits hTn se f by l^s 
 labor, he also provides fo;- the sustenance of othei ^ 
 
 Secondly, the Mining class. The miner is a great bene 
 factor to his race. Iron is of great utility in husbandry 
 and for other branches of the arts and trades. Withoutii 
 we should not have railways and locomotives. Ciold si 
 ver copper, tin, and other metals, are from the earih 
 Ooal IS essential for the smelting of metals for manufaT 
 tures also: for tho cnnlrjnrr ^f ^„,. /u„j ._! . *"*^nuiac- 
 
 sons, and habitation.Tn th; t me^of ^n.^^" ThiriiS^r" 
 as are, in their natural state, embeddcl^t'the earth Who 
 has been there after them? The noble or learned of the 
 
64 
 
 Iknd ? No. Who, then ? The despised miner. Thou- 
 sands of these men have been sent to a premature ^rave 
 through the dangers of the mines. ' The constant de- 
 mand for minerals calls for tho continuance ,of minino- 
 ope?ation8. ' " 
 
 What a paralj-zation Df trade there would be, if it were 
 not so. The poor distressed needle- woman of London, de- 
 pressed as she is, could not ply her needle everlastingly 
 . at stitching. Mechanical operations could not be carried 
 on improvingly as thoy are. Agriculture, too. in a great 
 measure, would be hindered in its progress ; and the mar- 
 iner could not be furnished with the compass for directing 
 his course across the ocean. The ship itself in which ho 
 sails could not have been constructed without iron nails, 
 bolts and chains. The smith could not forge them with- 
 out tho material ; the material could not be supplied with- 
 out the miner. Take away the miner, and the entire 
 community will suffer thereby. Knowledge and civiliza. 
 tion will stay their mtirch,, and a relapse into barbarism 
 take place, because the arts of civilization could not be cul- 
 tivated. Philosophy, literature, morality, arid religion, 
 would bo blighted, instead of ripening to perfectiou.— 
 Surely the miner is the benefactor of universal man. 
 
 Thirdly, the Artisan. Under this head we have an ex- 
 tensire field for contemplation, which the limits of this 
 paper forbid us to enter upon. However, a few observa- 
 tions may be made. 
 
 The builder is of great utility to the community. By 
 his hand, rude, shapeless material . are formed into habita- 
 tions remarkable for beauty, utility, and comfort. The 
 wigwams of the Indian, or the miserable hut of the ancient 
 Britons, would be considered by us as an unfit residence 
 for an English dog, much less for a human being. How 
 . much better is our lot than that of the wandering savage 
 of the woods. We have our hamlets, villages, towns, and 
 citioB to dwell in. Palaces for the royal, superb mansions 
 for the nobility, si 'mdid crescents for the rich, and pretty 
 cottages for the working classes. Besides these, there are 
 
ei". Thou- 
 tiiro i^rave 
 nstant tle- 
 ,of mining 
 
 , if it were 
 jondon, de- 
 eriastingly 
 
 be carried 
 , in a great 
 d the mar- 
 •r directing 
 
 which he 
 iron nails, 
 hem with- 
 plied with- 
 the entire 
 id civiliza- 
 
 barbarism 
 not be cul- 
 1 religion, 
 rfectiou. — 
 man. 
 
 lave an ex- 
 its of this 
 V observa- 
 
 lity. By 
 ito habita- 
 fort. The 
 he ancient 
 
 residence 
 ig. How 
 ig savage 
 awns, and 
 
 mansions 
 md pretty 
 
 there are 
 
 65 
 
 ])ublic buildings for charitable, scientific, moral and reU^ 
 .ous purposes, differing in magnitude and Ihitect^^^^^^^ 
 
 The erection of those edifices, from the onti^cr^ .^ +u 
 
 cawsioitha vastdealof mdustra effort su^h n« kJ • ' 
 brief ■■rTtff^'""*'^' Ti"^"' ""»* ""'ing o^ 
 
 to p?;rhreff:;:rif tht ^1^;? ^.r!"'"' 
 
 co„,d not bo done Then wo shouM C a^a^o'v 'stirt' /„' 
 
 Ind fh"rf' r''°""«- Exposed to tho cold^f wnto^ 
 and the boat of summer, what would booomn nt ikl 
 phan, the sick, and tho kgod ? Perish trevmlt "■; 
 misorably. Thank God Ind thank man it Lot «^ w* 
 have .ur comfortable homes in which t,V lili • ^"^ 
 
 Ihe clothier is aho serviceable to the communitv 
 Thousands of working men and working womeTare enT 
 
 and warm clothing, ^ot so man . Man TusTcbthe h m 
 
 IZi w^lh',i?r r' V^^ ""-r- "-'' ^ho-M ImvTto be 
 ™;"wo now hav^ """""^' '"'"»" "^ "«> •»-'»"' 
 Eaiment for tho day is not enough for (l,e neonlo ■ )l,c,r 
 must have covering for the night, to that duSho colT 
 SSL^"r,r ™»^-' 'r,f .beds coStit^lfd 
 
 and w^ d;;tL":rh° rim Lr i^^'toM""™"' 
 
 m,se..able and wretched, with Slta's i°ni rsSre ''°°'' 
 
 I{».po«t«bU,ty, too, ha, a connection with^'cioU.^ng For 
 
66 
 
 i^i 
 
 tf a man be clothed in rags., he is not con.udored a respect- 
 able man ; but if respectably clad, he has a gentleman!'/ 
 appearance. See our working men in their Stin(Jay suits 
 how different they appear than on week-days in dirty hab- 
 liments. Their health and comfort, too, are hereby in- 
 creased. When wo consider the comfort and respectability 
 of ch^thing, which give to working men and workino- 
 women the appearance of gentlemen and hidies, wo must 
 admit that clothiers are not to be dispensed with because 
 they itre the benefactors of their felIovv-rae)i universally 
 Again, "^ 
 
 Shoemakers are another class of men who arc despised 
 by many, but are beneficial to the community. Supposing 
 all the people w^re barefoot the whole of one winter, what 
 would become of the children, the delicate ladies, and the 
 hardier masculine genders, how great would be the incon- 
 venience through such a deprivation. Wo might safely 
 con ade, that great numbers of the people would be 
 throv. A into consumptions and other diseases ; and that a 
 fearful amount of mortality would be the result. 
 
 Dry feet and warm feet are essential for comfort and 
 health. To supply this, a host of men are confined from 
 morning till night, cutting, hammering and pulling at their 
 sedentary and laborious calling. The evil referred to 
 above, the people are not exposed to— their wants are met 
 plentifully. Let no man de8]nse a shoemaker until he can 
 do without him. . 
 
 The writer of this essay has the honor of belonging to 
 this intelligent and beneficial class of men, which labor for 
 the ])ublic good for a sm;; remuneration, thereby confer- 
 ring comforts upon their fellow men cheaply. I think it 
 must bo admitted that the labors of this class are indispen- 
 sable for the general good. Having referred to some of 
 our artizans, we will, for the further illustration of our 
 proposition, select, 
 
 Thirdly, and lastly, our Seamen. The mariners may bo 
 considered the benefactors of man in the following ways • 
 
 1. By procuring for man the luxuries of foreign lauds 
 
€7 
 
 respect- 
 tlemanly 
 iiy suits, 
 irty hab- 
 I'oby in- 
 ctfibility 
 working 
 rvo must 
 
 because 
 vorsally 
 
 despised 
 ipposing 
 ar, what 
 and the 
 3 incon- 
 it safely 
 ould be 
 d that a 
 
 fort and 
 ed from 
 at their 
 rred to 
 are met 
 : he can 
 
 »gin^ 
 
 gto 
 abor for 
 confer- 
 ;hink it 
 idispen- 
 ome of 
 11 of our 
 
 may bo 
 ways : 
 n lauds. 
 
 God has, in the economy of his providence, been pleased to 
 cause the productions of countries to dif!fer, as the climates 
 ol^lheso countries vary. Between those countrios oceans 
 roll, so that their productions cannot be obtained unless 
 persons go after them. To do *o, danoer^ must be 
 encountered, hardships endured, and life Use' be exposed 
 The teas of China, the sugars of the we.-.i Indies, \h 
 co«ee and rice of Ceybn, oraniKcs, grapes, laisins, cur 
 rants, and other tropical producti(»ns wer(i brought to our 
 market in abundance. How came they there ? Wljy, the 
 mariner has crossed the ocean, outbraving the storm' an<^ 
 tempest, to bring these luxuries to our shores. 
 . 2. By facilitating commercial enterprise between the 
 nations. Nations may be remarJcable tor power, wealth, 
 and philosophy, but of independence, hot one can boast.' 
 Ihere is a mutual relationship existing between the 
 nations of the earth. London is not independent of the 
 provinces, and the provinces are not independent of Lon- 
 don. Ko the nations of the globe are dependent on each 
 other. Men universally composeone vasti^nnily ; although 
 difierent in color, language, and manners ; yet ot one 
 comnu)!! brotherhood, For "God has made ot one 
 blood, all nations to dwell upon the face of the earth. 
 
 Man cannot live to or for himself. He must live for 
 others, and his conduct is effecting good or evil towards 
 his fellows. So it is with nation,-, they must hel]) one 
 another. . "' 
 
 The question is, how can this intercourse take place and 
 be continued? By fi-ee-trade. But how is free-trade to 
 b.o carried on ? We cannot make railways, nor cut 
 canals across the seas to distant lands. No, But 
 nations have fhoir fleets and seamen, by whom fr^e trade 
 con be facilitated. By these means British maniVfactuies 
 are convoyed to foreign markets, and foreiirn produce im 
 
 — .„ i.!.g^!.!jiu. -i-iuij neaiiic-n uiu uiu uenoiaciors 01 
 their race. 
 
 3. By convoying the missionary" to distimt lands 
 iivihzG and CLristianize the heathen. The h ei then is 
 
 civ 
 
 to 
 in 
 
68 
 
 volved in ignorance of God, and the useful arts of Focietv 
 Sr S;«1?^'^' .Buperstition, infanticide, and immS! 
 
 T^^^uL T ^""^ '^^ ^^""^^ '^^ «"'• forefathers, the ancient 
 (fif^?Lnt tT«^r,rrR^!'.«^"^Und superstitious. How 
 ( itteient the state of Bi.tain, to whlit it now is when the 
 daWcness of Druidism and heathenism browed over £ 
 oveyisle. How came the change ? Manners brought 
 zS"' Th' '"7^r' ^^ *^'^^^ "^ -^^h the arTs o c ^h! 
 n! vC J^T ""^f ^^^"^'^^ t^^ missionary, who has blest 
 etT;S *^^^^^if «^ Christ, by which our nation has been 
 e^ 1 ed, and rendered the glory of all lands. 
 
 creature, was the great comn.ission given by the 
 Kedeenaer to his di^.iples. Other lands mfy be bleft with 
 m.h.ation and religion as well as ourCn, iJtho^gh 
 
 w^th Kf nn^ 7 II ^ ^^'"^ *^ ^'^^« *^«s« dark lands 
 with light and truth ? Seamen have taken him and 
 
 WeTnn: \r'""^ '' i^^^ ^^" *^ blertheZioTs' 
 We Cannot by any means do without the ma. er for he 
 18 the benefactor of the human family ' 
 
 From the four illustrations adduced, we have shown that 
 working men being in reality the benefactoi-s of theTr race 
 
 iaC whL'tZ '' h' ^'f.' ^"^ ^"^^* ^« admit that th'e 
 ^boi which thus renders them benefactors to each other, 
 
 ^onsWer ^ ^ ^' ^ "^^''^ of pleasure, We propose to 
 
 tottr;SingSa^^^^^^ ^"^'"^^' ^^ -ource of happiness 
 
 Man is compounded of matter and spirit. For the 
 
 Scrip ur«s declare that man became a living soul The 
 
 ml^t"lhiTi«'"' " "^Z^ ? ^^^^ ^' *h« noWeman-: 
 mind which 18 as capable of culture as the mind of the 
 monarch. Naturally the mind of mnn i« „?«°u.v?L!r 
 ana ignorance is the consequence. Hence" irises the 
 
 ?rth l *Lf ST- I? ^T^ ^^^^« ^-d can obtl 
 tor their sons and daughters the best mental culture. 
 
 I 
 
 Not sc 
 
 labor f 
 
 colleges 
 
 without 
 
 general 
 
 continu 
 
 Selfic 
 
 ter is 
 
 provemi 
 
 negiecte 
 
 might I 
 
 course c 
 
 First, 
 
 was the 
 
 Tiraoth}; 
 
 minister 
 
 sably n( 
 
 mind sto 
 
 Many 
 
 and upp€ 
 
 books. 
 
 eagerly ] 
 
 communi 
 
 We wan 
 
 selection 
 
 literature 
 
 Sunday 
 
 Tes of t] 
 
 will maki 
 
 " That 
 
 The wor] 
 
 die a foo 
 
 him — stai 
 
 moral pi 
 
 man shou 
 
 Some 
 plead an 
 are too sr 
 
69 
 
 l^'blr'^br^'f livrn<r;'j,'"?^ Til"' ''' ^^^^" >'°""^ ^^ ^as to 
 nr.li ^^^ '^/^V,"^ ^^^^'«* the sons of the wealthy are at 
 
 «3oif'^, u '^'""^•"'ce. It he Well, he may obtain wisdom 
 provomen?w h^ hfr'" , ''f' °^^^- « -"decided, im- 
 
 wnVTh'^*^" •"'"'*• ''''''^'■''^* " ^^^« attendance to reading " 
 
 iiraothy. If reading was necessary for Timothy and for 
 
 TaLy n'e^LtX'tr ^'^f ^^^ ^^"^^^"^' ^^ ^« -"'re- 
 mind stored S/^ *" r'^'"^ '"^"' '" o^^^^ to hari his 
 TVI«n^!S- f I? ^f"^''^^ ''^"'^ "«^tul knowledge. 
 
 an&rc.Ll''''^"^-P'P"^^"°"'^« ^^» ^« ^^^ ^^^d'e 
 books^ovoT "^'^ '" injudicious choice of 
 
 eageriy perused ZT"f' I"? ^"^^?1 Publications are 
 «ag«iiy perusea. buch trash s mora y poisonous tn fh« 
 
 TwrtVrto^"^ ^""^^^'^^^' crLrTnd del 
 
 sTlLtr^f'LXfe The'rr ''r^' f.'^''^' 
 literature in the land I'^f 3 l^ '' a stream of healthy 
 Riinrinxr X,L ' ^®* workmg men cast aside the 
 
 res oTthr^T"'' ^'^^ '"^^^^ trfsh, and avail themsel 
 res of the good presented to them, for by so doinszlhev 
 
 ' Th'ir ^^^'Tt"' ™ ^'g^t «^^"tal culture ^ '^ 
 Th« i^! I • ^"""^ ^'^ • ^^t*^o»t knowledge is not good " . 
 ItVi^ol'^ir'' "T/* "o^^'^"^'-^^'" without thi^glcS and 
 h m-stnin^ "'^ ^^''■' ^"^ '""'^^^^ -^tor^^ acce^ssible by 
 
 m^rd Ssonh?'^'/P^'^ ^^"^"^<^^' *"'«t«ry, natural and 
 moral philosoph}^ and creneral scionpo Rvnj^r ,„^>u:„_ 
 
 man shouidpossess a library, if it be" buia few" volume: "^^ 
 
 Some working men, although admitting its utiry Vet 
 
 a^etoTmaTT '''' -^''^^-S books. ^tL> Sin^g 
 are too small , they cannot save a penny for their purchaie 
 
70 
 
 Have they tried ? There are weeldy and monthly period- 
 icals. SuDscribe for a weekiy and a.monthly, then {(i the 
 ' end of the year you will have two volumeH addod to your 
 little store. And in addition to this, malve3<mr«e]f a'lx^x, 
 and drop into it a penny a day. Ai ho end oi she yearj 
 these savings will amount to 1£ lO.s 5a. Apply this sum 
 entirely tor books; and by this means, you can swell vour 
 library every year without burden toy our^eli; or loss to 
 your famif) . 
 
 After having- ol>Uvuu>d books, look not on the out^ido 
 merely, (as too man v do, ^>7nking l.Se library ornamental 
 to tihe eye, hut not instructive to the mind), but read their 
 contents, patiently, pray ^rVidly , tind thoughtfully. Such 
 employment will yield you pleasure, by" increasing your 
 knowledge, and improving your minds. 
 
 Secondly, judicious stvdy. Working men may advance 
 in mental culture. The tastes of men for knowledge 
 differ. Some Lave a taste for poetry, others for mathe- 
 nvitics, others for music, others for mechanics, and others ' 
 for language, &c. As working men, we would seek that 
 kind of knowledge which will be mo. useful and mohUag. 
 Theology is a sublime study : the study of the Deity 
 and his incomparable works of creation, providence, re- 
 demption. Eeason cannot supply the place of revelation. 
 " The world by wisdom knew not God.'^ The history 
 of the philosophical Greeks and Romans, furnished facts 
 confirmatory of this doctrine. Paul found at Athens an 
 altar with this inscription, " to the unknown god." How 
 was this ? Because they had not revelation. We have it, 
 and from it may obtain a knowledge of that glorious 
 Being who is the creatot- of the universe. " He spake and 
 it was done. He commanded and it stood fjist. " To sus- 
 tain the universe, as well as to create it, requires omnipo- 
 tent power. That power qf our Creator has, and displays 
 throughout his vast dominions. • ■ 
 
 The natural and moral attributes of God display the 
 perfection of his character The contemplation of tao •?> 
 illimitable attributes is the ^ivilege of every stude- c^ 
 
 is, <' be 
 
V period- 
 
 n {51 the 
 I to your 
 If a l)(>x, 
 he year, 
 this sum 
 'eil \-oiii- 
 •r loss to 
 
 5 outt^ido 
 ainental 
 lad their 
 Sucli 
 ng your 
 
 advance 
 owledge 
 ' mathe- 
 1 others 
 3ek that 
 nohliag. 
 B Deity 
 )nce, re- 
 'elation. 
 history 
 ed facts 
 lens an 
 ' How 
 have it, 
 rlorious 
 ike and 
 To sus- 
 )mnipo- 
 lisplays 
 
 lav i\\( 
 
 )i L. .- .'■ 
 d( • , ci 
 
 ( 
 
 71 
 
 thoolog;.'. " VVho aiTiongst the Gods can be compared 
 unto ,>u. God r They are not self-existent, inde- 
 dependeiil, omnipresent, and absolutely holy ; they have 
 been causo-l and are dependent upon other sources than 
 ihemselve,^ for their continuance in being. Not so with 
 i^ g/eat Jehovah of the Bible : he is absolute in all his 
 gionvus nature and character. 
 
 ^nrvil ^'f"^^'f P"^'« «^'tl^e JJ.eity towards man is infinite, 
 burvey the b es.mgs of Providence imparted to Ida 
 creatures in the supply of their temporal , wants ; but,. 
 ^r^LZlr''^ ""' ''''''' the gift of his Son to^ 
 
 r'^\^''^^'^''V\'^ ^""^^ "^^^ Bays in his heart there is no 
 nnf ■ f . f ^ ?""^^ ^^ ^^^^«"t a cause. Matter is 
 not eternal ; but has been createci ; for the order mani- " 
 ntn!r i!r ^'"'iM'l intelligence, and argues that there 
 must be a personal intelhgent being, who is eternal : Ho 
 18 - before a 1 things, and by him all things consist." 
 
 J.V\'i '^'^^''^T ""^ ^^'^ ^""'^^^ l^t ^J^« working man 
 study astronomy. By, this science we learn that every 
 
 tu^mh.!! V I' "" '""' ^^'^ "^"^"^^'^ ^^"^ «>'«tem, and that the 
 TZt^-t' T 'r' '"^ 'y'^^"^' /annot be estimated, 
 some ot r^^^ '^''^?.'"' ^'' '"^P^^^^ *« ^«^« around 
 emnh.« n '""' *^'^ ^^"^ metropolis of Jehovah's 
 f.^J ' ,Vf ^^y*? «>^«tem is an astonishing display of 
 
 and motions of the planets in the solar system. The sun 
 
 h« I In ^ """"^ ^^'^ ?^"^^^ ^^'t^'« system, around which 
 hptt^''%^^^ ^?.^^' ^"^i^^from which they receive light and 
 heat The motions of these planets are also remarkable 
 toi their rapidity, regularity, and constancy, for they un- 
 ceasingly move in the orbits assigned them to travel, 
 lake two or three illustrations : 
 
 The magnitude of the sun is found to be about SfinOftQ 
 miies 111 diameter, and contains a mass of matter equal to 
 thireen hundred thousand globes of the size of the earth. 
 «oIm. ^t Jupiter, which is the largest planet in the 
 solar system, being 89,000 miles in diameter or about 
 
72 
 
 fourteen hundred times larger than the earth. Yet ihis 
 immense globe, at a distance from the sun of 490 000 000 
 miles, moves at the rate of 29,000 miles an hour. 
 
 The planet Herschel is the slowest moving body in the 
 system ; yet it moves at the rate of 15,000 miles an hour. 
 Its magnitude is about eighty times larger than the earth . 
 
 Ihe earth on which we live, with its mountains, conti- 
 nents, islands, oceans, lakes and rivers, though at a 
 distance from the sun of 95,000,000 of miles, travels its 
 orbit around that luminary in 365 days 5 hours and 49 
 mmutes. [See Dr. Dick on Astronomy. '\ We hav« 
 selected these as manifestations of the power of God 
 3ut what are these, with their kindred planets, when com- 
 pared with the infinitude of worlds revolving in boundless 
 space. If the solar system, the "sun and the planets 
 moving round him, were blotted out of being, the loss com- 
 paratively would bo but as the dust of the balance. 
 
 The telescope is an instrument, by which the astron- 
 omer has made wonderful discoveries. With this instru- 
 ment man contemplates the unnumbered worlds com- 
 posing God's universe. 
 
 Natural Ustoiy is a help to the study of the Deity. 
 JNatural history, in its extensive sense, is the science of 
 nature, including the heavens and the earth ; but here we 
 use the term in its limited sense, as referring only to 
 our own world. Exchanging the telescope for the 
 microscope, we discover fresh wonders in nature, which 
 we could not behold with the naked eye. A drop of water, 
 a grain of sand, and every leaf of vegetation, disclose a 
 new world of animated beings. However, leading these 
 wonders, which need the close investigation of the philos- 
 opher, the working man, whose time for study is limited, 
 may, in the study of natural history, turn his attention to 
 more sensible objects in the animal, vegetable, and mineral 
 kingdoms. 
 
 iuan is the masterpiece of creation : not in point of 
 magnitude nor physical strength, for many of the brutes 
 ai-e his superiors hero. Wherein, then, is his supremacy ? 
 
73 
 
 « 
 
 In this— his being a rational creature, highly elevated in 
 the scale of beifig ; he was created ia the image]of God. 
 Ihe beasts of the field are rendered subservient to his 
 welfare, aud perform for him important service. These 
 useful animals difler as the countries differ which they 
 inhabit. The cow, sheep, and oxen supply him with 
 food, whilst the horse, ass, camel, and elephant are beasts 
 ol burden to labor for his welfare. 
 
 The tribes of wild animals are remarkable for the 
 mechanism of their bodies, the instincts by which they are 
 guided, and the beautiful furs with which they are 
 clothed. The finny tribes that people the seas, lak«s, 
 rivers, and streams, are remarkable for their variety 
 fecundity, migration, and usefulness to man; the fowls of 
 heaven, "that sing among the branches," for their, 
 plumage, migi-ation, and usefulness. After such a con- 
 templation, we must conclude with David, « Wonderful 
 are thy works, O Lord ! in wisdom hast thou made them 
 all. 
 
 The vegetable tribes display the wisdom of the Deity, 
 from the blade of grass, to the majestie banian tree. 
 
 Minerals may next be considered, with regard to their 
 variety, natural state, and usefulness. In this manner 
 we might proceed in our contemplation of natural history. 
 It must be admitted that there is an intimate connection 
 between natural history and geography. These studies 
 help us m our contemplation of Jehovah. They show us 
 the extent of his dominions, the variety of objects in the 
 univer8e, and the power, wisdom, aud benevolence of the 
 iJeity m forming the whole for the good of man. Surely 
 these delightful meditations must add to our happiness, 
 tor they are fraught with pleasure to the mind of the 
 philosopher. 
 
 Self knowledge is an imyx-tant science, but too much 
 neg ;ted by all classes of -ri. Next to theology, self- 
 knowledge should be the r/orking man's study ; without 
 It, It 18 impossible tor us to have self-government, but with 
 It, we shall be able to detect the deceitfulnese of our hearts, 
 
u 
 
 and have the mastery ovor self. By it we are lietter able 
 to study man generally. • 
 
 .Thirdly, in connection with study, writing i^ n "'<^ans ot 
 mental culture. Paper, pens, and ink may U i.uu cnoaply , 
 Writmg will onal ie a man to viethodize his thoughts, and 
 at the same time strengthen his memory and make him a 
 tolerable gramm irian. These improvements are worth 
 writing for, and their attainment will yield pleasure 
 Ueadrng and study are means of collecting mental stores ; 
 and writing, t-rough the medium of the press, sends forth 
 the mental strtums, to edify and bless tiie sons of men. 
 
 The farmer doe^ not break the clods and sow the see'U 
 expecting, after all his toil, a failure. He labors in hope, 
 and sows m hope, jmd patiently waits to realize his hope 
 in an abundant harvest. Working men pe.-sovere ! •' in 
 due time ye shall reap, if ye faint not." By so doing you 
 will have twofold happiness : that of cultivating your own 
 minds, and of communicating instruction to your fellow- 
 men. 
 
 The last source of pleasure for consideration is 
 
 Thirdly Godliness with Contentment. 
 ■ We have already spoken upon the contemplation of the 
 Deity. But to study the character of God is ' ot sufficient 
 to yield permanent happines nnles,- we onj' him as our 
 Saviour. A knowledge in a.eory will not do; there 
 must be a knowledge experimentally. This is eternal life 
 -—to know the only true God, -^^i,; Jesus Christ whom io 
 has sent. ,, 
 
 Eeligion confers upon its possessors true diirm'ty j for 
 such become the sons of God, and are rich i.. .aith, and 
 heirs of the kingdom. Solomon says s '' t : « Happy is 
 the rnan that findeth wisdom, and the n 
 understanding ; for the merchandise oi is 
 the merehandisA r\f si Ivor anr^ ♦h'» r»oi'« 
 gold. She fi more precioa» than rubies, and all the things 
 thou canst desire are not to be compared unto her. 
 Ifength of days is in her right hand ; antj ia hor l^ft, 
 ndies and honors. Her ways are tvajrs of pleaepjtnesB, 
 
 it getteth 
 tter than 
 
 1 rxtmrxr^.i- * l^ «« *« ^ «. _ 
 
1 for 
 
 and 
 
 K "^'"ifW.''''''"?. ■"«" "> P0»^««"tL "pearl oVUtt 
 
 fpnat " -w^oUk^ ' . contented mind is a continual 
 
 he mwrl TT""' ■ ^^l^'" •^' ^^>^' discontent dwe N in 
 
 be 80, he mutt 'mit Uie eau2Tf tl H- • "^'^^^"ted. To 
 
 mean anrt Hi K "7.'?°l"''' ">■'". who calls a low station 
 would not murttm to be a scaverf^e, ?f k "m *"S"' 
 
 it touches. J.et us learnT^V Paul ^d""/* '"ifr" *" 
 •tale «,, may be, ,here„,{tk to be content." «'*«'^°«''«- 
 
ie 
 
 A PSALM OF LIFE. 
 Bt W. H. LoMvriLLOw. 
 
 Tell me not, in mournful nurabens, 
 Life is but an empty dream ! 
 
 For tJie soul is dead that slumbere, 
 
 And things are not what they seem. 
 
 Life is real I Life is earnest I 
 
 And the grave is not its goal ; 
 " Dust thou art, to dust returnest," 
 Was not spoken of the soul. 
 
 Not enjoyment, and not sorrow. 
 
 Is our destined end or way ; 
 But to act, that each to-moiTow 
 
 Finds us tarther than to-day. 
 
 Art is long, and Time is fleeting, 
 
 And our hearts, though stout and brave. 
 Still, like mulHed drums, are beatirg 
 
 Funeral marches to the grave. 
 
 In the world's broad field of battle, 
 
 In the biottvac of Life. 
 ^Be not like dumb, driven cattle ! 
 
 Be a hero in the strife ! 
 
 Trust no future, howe'er pleasant ! * 
 
 Let the dead past bury its dead i 
 
 Act. — act In the living Present I ' 
 Heart within, and God o'erhead I 
 
 liives^f great men all remind us 
 We can make our lives sublime ; 
 
 And, departing, leave behind us 
 Footprints on the sands of Time- 
 
 J'ootprints, that perhaps another, 
 
 " W 
 
 might 
 nor wi 
 10. 
 
T7 
 
 Sailing o'er Life's solemn main 
 
 A forlorn and shipwrecked brother! 
 
 Seeing 8halJ take heart again.. 
 
 Lot lj8^ then be up and doing, 
 
 Still achieving, still pursuing, 
 Learn to labor and to wait! 
 
 m/gh?tXret no w f"'^^*^ ^^' clo it with thy 
 
 ave. 
 
^nttntf^^ 
 
 Pagb. 
 
 ... 3 
 
 .... 4 
 
 G 
 
 '4 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 Preface 
 
 Introduction 
 
 Life's Guiding Star 
 
 Equiimient fur Life rj 
 
 The Praises of Philosophy ......7...*..! 
 
 The True Province ol Science ......'.'......! 
 
 Technical Education 
 
 The imporl.Mncoofa Working M^m having a Scientific 
 
 Kiiouicrigool hi.^ Trade or Occupation 14 
 
 Honor To the Toiling Hand ; * ^^9 
 
 The Dignity of Labor jg 
 
 Man dependent on Labor 26 
 
 Laboi e^Q 
 
 I'i'ide ill Manual Labor 28 
 
 The Usefulness of Manual Labor 29 
 
 The Advantages of Manual Labor 3I 
 
 The Rationale of Labor 32 
 
 Act Well Thy Part .......!".!!. .!!'"."'7 38 
 
 On Labor, (-Translated from (he French of M. Thiers; 39 
 
 The Spirit of Progress ^5 
 
 Be Industrious gQ 
 
 The Olympiad of Labor 51 
 
 Work 
 
 56 
 
 Happiness Attainable by the Working Man 58 
 
 A Psalm of Life 
 
 Hi