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 ' 4. 
 
 MANUSCRIPTS 
 
 J 
 
 RELATING TO THP: 
 
 EARLY HISTORY OF CANADA. 
 
 PUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE LITERARY AND 
 HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF UUEBEC. 
 
 (Quebec : 
 
 IMIiN-TKl) HY MIDDLK'ION AND DAWSON, SHAW'S BUILDINGS. 
 
 1 86G. 
 
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[The manuscript now offerod for tbe first time to the public, consists of a 
 letter written in 177G, by one of the oflicers the most em rgetic in repelling tbe 
 invaders of Canada in 1775 : Colonel, generally known as Major Henry 
 Caldwell, the father of the lute Sir John Caldwell, and who bad served as Assist. 
 Quarter Master General under Wolfe. Although tbe last part of the manuscript, 
 containing the signature, is wanting, it is traced beyond the shadow of a doubt, 
 to Col. Caldwell, then proprietor of the Sans Bruit farm on tbe St. Foy road 
 (which included a large extent of land), by hira purchased from his friend, 
 General James Murray, togutber with the Seigniory of Lauzon. This old 
 document is valuable chiefly fromits being the production of an eye-witness, whose 
 statements, though strongly tinged with tbe hatred of French Canadians, prevalent 
 in those days, are nevertheless entitled to respect, from the honourable and 
 high character of the utterer. The minute description of the lurcile ou the St. 
 Foy and St. Louis roads, aud tbe thrilling narrative of the hand-to-hand fight 
 of Arnold and his men, at tbe east end of Sault-au-Matelot street, will doubtless 
 be relished by every student of Canadian history. — J. M. LeMoink.] 
 
 ■■;} 
 
tPUBLISHED UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE LirERARY AiND 
 HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF UUEP.EC.J 
 
 THE INVASION or CANADA IN 1775. 
 
 i% 
 
 On board the Hcnteh, si.oop-of-war, June 15, 1176. 
 My Dear General (supposed to be General James Murray), 
 
 In my last letter I gave you a f ill account of the state 
 of our Province at that time. I am not now certain whether 
 Arnold had arrived when my letter went away ; he, however, 
 with the greatest difficulty, got, with about 800 men, to 
 Sertigan, in the beginning of November. The people, from 
 hunger and fatigue, were in a very weak condition, so much 
 so that fifty men properly posted, miglit have made the whole 
 party prisoners ; nor, indeed, could they have got forward, 
 had not the Canadians sent bullocks and other provisions to 
 meet them. The 8th, they got to Pointe Levy, where they 
 took post, as also at my mill. The fellow whom I had 
 employedio put the mill in order, and who was to have had 
 a share in the profits of it, turned out a great scoundrel, put 
 me to great expense, and has proved to be in the rebel 
 interest. He contrived to detain some of my flour, and two 
 hundred bushels of my wheat, which was at the mill, for the 
 rebels' use ; he afterwards was appointed their commissary 
 of provisions, and acted in that position till the siege or 
 blockade — whichever you please to term it — was raised, 
 which happened on the 6th May, on the arrival of the IsiSy 
 man-of-war, and two frigates with some trans|)orts, and the 
 29th Regiment ; a frigate also arriv(>d a few days after, with 
 the transports of the 47th Regiment from Halifax. I think, 
 in my last letter, 1 mentioned to you the surrender of St. 
 John's; a few days after Generals Carleton and Prescott 
 evacuated Montreal, with ab ^ut one hundred and fifty men, 
 

 the remains of the 7tli and OGlli Hrglmonls, with the sta/T, 
 who (MTibarlaMi in lh»^ Gas/jc, sloop-oC-war, and some armed 
 vessels that lay there ; they i'ell down the river till they got 
 within a lew leamu^s ol'Sorel, where the enemy, by that lime, 
 liad tal;en post, and erected batteries of 2, 3, G, 9, and 
 12-pi)nnders each. The wind not serving, the ships stopped 
 there about the 10th of November, wlum Gen. Carleton quitted 
 the Gasp6 in the ni,i,'ht, escaped in a birch canoe, and arrived 
 at Quebec about tiu.' 2()ih. Two days afn^r, as we were told, 
 the pilots on boar.l the vessels mutinied, and refused to conduct 
 them past the batUries; and I'rescott, with his people, 
 surrendered, with, 1 supj)ose, about 100 seamen, chie/iy 
 Canadians, that were; oa board tlie dillerent vessels — I must 
 confess, to niy \vx) groat surprise. Nor have I been able to 
 account lor it, since \\\v\^ luust have been some circumstances 
 with which we were unacipiaintcd ; fortiic pilots migiit have 
 been obliged to do tlu^ir duty, and, wailing for a leading gale 
 of wind, the slii])s might have passed the narrows with little 
 loss, in spite of tlie biitteries on shore, or a floating battery, 
 whicii, by means of a heavy gun, might have been kept at a 
 distance, and annoyed th(>;n a little. He it as it may, our 
 garrison at Quebec sullered considerably in the loss of the 
 men and olllcers that were taken. In the meantime, Arnold, 
 as I belor'j told yor., had taken post at Pointe Levy, with 
 about 800 men ; not a soldier at (^utibec but Col. McLean, 
 who just arrived about tliat time from Sorcl, from whence he 
 had been obliged lO uccau".]), with about 100 of his new corps 
 el' emigrants ; about GO of the Fusileers, composed chiefly of 
 their lecMuits, and about 100 recruits of McLean's corps, 
 which Malcolm Fraser and Captain Campbell had raised in 
 Newiounclland, and had just landed. The Lizard^ frigate, 
 arrived also about the same time, with £20,000 cash ; though 
 that gave us some spi/its, yet the town was in great danger 
 of being given up, through the cabals of the disaffected, whom 
 Cramahe permitted to remain in town, notwithstanding the 
 repeated representations made to him to order them away. 
 Indeed, to tell the truth, I believe he was thoroughly 
 
 * 
 
"no armed 
 II thoy got 
 tlial lime, 
 C, 9, and 
 5s> stopped 
 ff>n quitted 
 ifi arrived 
 were told, 
 to conduct 
 is people, 
 1, chie/Iy 
 s — F must 
 -n able to 
 imstances 
 •gilt have 
 ding gale 
 ^ith little 
 : battery, 
 iept at a 
 may, our 
 ss of the 
 } Arnold, 
 'vy, with 
 VlcLean, 
 lence he 
 Jw corps 
 hie/]y of 
 ' corps, 
 aised in 
 frigate, 
 though 
 danger 
 whom 
 ng the 
 away. 
 3iighly 
 
 frightened. However, a kind of eonncii of war was 
 summoned, at which the Captains of the Lizard ;uu\ Iluntrt., 
 sloops, Colonels McLean and I, with some others, assisted. 
 It was there determined that tiie town should be defended to 
 the last, and that it was for the king's service that the Lizard 
 and Hunter should winter at Quebec, and their eiews assist 
 in the defenc<? of the place. That an embargo should be laid 
 on the ships in the harbour, and that their masters aud crews 
 should also assist. The money was got on shore, and the militia 
 assembled. The Canadians at first were very luke-warm, 
 and said if the English inhabitants would defend the town, 
 they would ; and the British subjects, to their eternal honour, 
 not only set an example on that, but on every other occasion 
 during the siege. We wen; about 330, oflicers included ; 
 every body did duty, either as ollieers or privates, and I can 
 assure you, duty was never done with more punctuality or 
 earnestness. Inh ibitants worth £3,000 or £4,000, standing 
 sentry in iheir tiun, during our severe win> r nights, with the 
 greatest alacrity ; and what is still more to their honour (as 
 it was found necessary to mix the guards, British and 
 Canadians), they submitted with the greatest cheerfulness to 
 the command of the Canadian officers, whom they held cheap, 
 and who were in reality their inferiors, both as to education 
 and fortune. Indeed, in general, I had the greatest reason to 
 be satisfied with my corps (for Cramahe gave up his share 
 of the command of it, never making his appearance out of 
 doors the whole winter). Indeed, the better kind of people, 
 by keeping up a spirit of emulation amongst them, hardly 
 ever put it in my power to reprimand them ; those of a lower 
 class were kept in very good order, by fining them of their 
 pay, and by the black-hole on bread and water, a punishment 
 they were much afraid of ; and though at first I didn't 
 attempt it, yet in a little time, I brought them to it without 
 murmuring. Arnold crossed the river about the I4th of 
 November, landed at Wolfe's Cove and Sillery, and marched 
 directly to Sam Bruit, where he surprised some of my servants, 
 who were busy loading some of my carts and waggons for 
 
town *V\ 
 'I'ul there i/„.v Jiv,. i '"' ""^^ wiff, nii ,/ '[°''*'"g 
 
 i'i recovered An! '""'''■■"' •'^"^' t'<o men /^ " '''""« 
 
 puoiic service • tU,. n n . -^ 'v secjuet? s^ooi ,. 
 
 M-Co,d, and .ev^al o , " ^^' *'"'''»»k S c'wan ?'?' 
 "f l'>e milii;. „n '"-''■'• amoncrsi ,,,(,„„, , "'"""', John 
 
 A nold retreated, / .„. ; ,'^''^^^" "arned |,i„, J^ ^' 
 
 ^ '° P^^^er something at 
 
•'' rny working 
 ■'*'' "'y horsfs 
 ""•'»''>''« about a 
 
 ''''^"" a rumour 
 '"^^■»' ^or f|,eir 
 ''"'"Mroods,so 
 
 ''"^'' "'t'ir sl.oes 
 "'^'^'^olvos but 
 '^^•'''' taJkerJ of 
 ^-' '■'ver, and J 
 "''■''• *""tnaiion, 
 "'■'^'Pian was 
 '•'«''>n arrived. 
 ■'^Prvice might 
 '»"J resolving 
 
 '" ■''f^e bim, 
 «nd we bave 
 '« arrival, he 
 'j"*e tbaf did 
 ^'» of being 
 'g"jened the 
 ^ "pen and 
 fjout (own ; 
 "US for the 
 ^ occasion, 
 arf, John 
 our or five 
 nt doubted 
 en of the 
 "^JJ. He 
 ' garrison 
 irnissary, 
 • When 
 '"e oats, 
 
 't 15,000 .^ 
 
 -turn, as 
 '^ing at 
 
 iJym.t Bndt^ where I 1. nly an old man to take care ul ilie 
 house, the tire from his |n >c, I imaji^inc, fell in some hay (of 
 whicli there was a (luautity in each room to serve as beds to 
 the Yankees) set it on fire, and before mornini,', the house was 
 burned to the j,'round. The out-house, how('ver,still remained, 
 and La (ictr'^oudii're's house was then in pretty ^ood repair ; 
 but wh(Mi the siege was raised, it was pliitul to behold the 
 desolation and waste that reigned about all my farms ; the 
 barns and stal)lcs torn to pieces and burned; the fences torn 
 all to pieces, and though the house at l^a Gorgendiere's was 
 not burned, yet it was torn to pieces. In the inside, the floors 
 torn up and useless, the windows all broken, and the offices 
 entirely destroyed ; thai, however, must be my future 
 residence,* and I have given orders to have it repaired. That I 
 have sullered in my fences and farms, &c,, &e., including hay, 
 carts, and ploughs, and at my mill in wheat and flour stolen, 
 independent of the destruction of my houses and offices, which 
 you can form an idea of, (and which must have cost f you 
 about £2,000) is not less liian £100 sterling, for I had just 
 got every thing in order, and was beginning to put myself 
 snug and comlorlablc, when those plunderers came to disturb 
 me. However, they have not gained much by their expedition, 
 and I flatter myself Government will take compassion on a 
 poor ruined farmer, who has not been inactive in their service. 
 The burning of my house led me into this digression. The 
 day after this happened, my clerk, (Joshua Wolf) trying to 
 save some more work, was taken prisoner by some of the 
 enemy's Hying parlies, and a few days after, General 
 Montgomery (brother to iiim, you might remember, at Quebec) 
 and lately a Captain in the ITlh Regiment, and your old 
 acquaintance and friend, Colonel Donald Campbell, quarter, 
 master-general, arrived at Holland's house (now the rebel 
 
 • La Gorgendierc'a bouse stood close to whore the rediJeace at Belmont has 
 ■ince been built. 
 
 t This sentence can leave no doubt that this letter was addressed to Genl. 
 James Murray, as it is well known Murray had once owned, and bad sold, tha 
 •Btatea ia this neighbourhood to Col. Caldwell. 
 

 
 head-quarlors.) We were not idle, in the mean time, in 
 town : we got the merlons and embrasures repaired ; platforms 
 laid, guns mounted, die picketing at Cape Diamond and 
 behind iiie Hotel D'eu repaired ; barriers were made between 
 the upper and lower town, and at the extremities of the lower 
 town, at Sault-au-Matelot, and at the other side, at Pres-de- 
 Viile, which, you may remember, is on the further side of 
 the King's wharf, past the old King's forges ; these posts 
 were strengthened with cannon. In that situation, we were 
 in the month of December ; about tho 14th, Mr. Montgomery 
 got a battery formed of gabions, filled with snow, and 
 rammed close, with water thrown on it, which made it 
 freeze, which, intermixed with fascines and snow, did not 
 answer well ; but, as well as could be expected. On this 
 bcttery, he mounted five gu is, 12 and O-pounderj, and then 
 sen; a flag of truce, wliich the General would not receive, 
 except on condition that they came to implore the King^s 
 mercy, which, indt^ed, was the way he treated several flags 
 of trace Ihal the enemy wanted to send in. Mr. Montgomery 
 then contrived to have several letters thrown into the town 
 
 and inhabitants of the 
 
 on arrows, directed to the 
 
 town, full of threats and scurrility. He then opened his 
 battery, which was erected on a rising ground, in a line with 
 the tanners, who lived on the road to Saiis Bruit^ but without 
 any effect ; and Arnold's corps, which took post in St. Roch, 
 under our walls, were continuailly firing at our sentries — the 
 three Rifle companies in particular — these sometimes 
 wounding a sentry. They also got seven Royals behind 
 Grant's house,* and threw a number of shell? into town, also 
 to no effect ; and their battery was soon si'cnced, and some 
 of their guns dismounted by the supeiior fiie from the town. 
 About the 23rd, at night, my clerk made his escape, and 
 brought with him one of their people. Kc effected it by 
 getting a bottle of rum, and making the sentry over him 
 drunk. He brought us the nrst certain accounts of their 
 intention to storm the town ; of their having ladders prepared, 
 
 <L^ 
 
 * Grant's house stood about the centre of St. Roch. 
 
'iie mean time, in 
 
 sropaired; platforms 
 Cape Diamond and 
 s were made between 
 
 Uemities of the lower 
 ler side, at Pres-de- 
 
 the further side of 
 gorges; these posts 
 t situation, we were 
 th, Mr. Montgomery 
 J with snow, and 
 it, which made it 
 and snow, did not 
 expected. On this 
 pounders, and then 
 would not receive 
 implore the King's 
 Seated several flags 
 
 Mr. Montgomery 
 ^wn into the town 
 inhabitants of the 
 ' then opened his 
 "nd, in a line with 
 ^rml, but without 
 ^ post in 8t. Roch, 
 our sentries — the 
 tfiese sometimes 
 n Royals behind 
 II? into town, also 
 -need, and some 
 'e from the town. 
 liis escape, and 
 '" effected it by 
 sentry over him 
 ccounts of their 
 adders prepared, 
 
 and ol the diiferent attacks that iljcy were to make, as talked 
 of amongst their trdops ; that Mr. Montgomery had declared 
 his intention of dining in Qucbijc on Christmas day; and in 
 pul)lic orders he promised the plunder of ilie town to his 
 soldiers, \v!iich we afterwards found was true. VVe had 
 before kept a good look out, but tiiis put. us more on our 
 guard. The few regular troops, such as i!iey were, were, 
 off guard, ordered to be accoutered, with their fu-e-arms 
 beside them ; tlu^ sailors, formed into a corps, under the 
 conunand of Capt. Hamilton, of the Lizard, lay in their 
 barracks in tiie same manner; and the two corj)s of militia, 
 assembled at ditlerent points to take their rest, in the same 
 manner also. Tliey retiuiined (inlet until the 31st of 
 December; about live o'clock in \ho, morning we were 
 alarmed at our picket by Capt. Frazer, who was captain of 
 the main guard, and returning from his rounds, told us that 
 there was a brisk tiring kept up at (.'-.xp*.'. Diamond. The 
 morning was tlark, and at that time a tiri/.zling kind of snow 
 falling. McLean (who was second incommand in the garrison, 
 and who really, to do him justice, was indefatigable in the 
 pains he took) begged that I would take part of >ny corps to 
 Capo Diamond, and if I found if a false attack (as we both 
 supposed h to be), alter leaving the necessary reinforcements 
 there, I might return with the rest. 1 accordingly went 
 there, found the enemy iiring at a distance, — saw there 
 was nothing serious intended, and alter ordering a proper 
 disposition to be made, i)roceeded to Port Loins. There 
 I met Captain Laws, an olliccr to whom the General had 
 given the command of an extra picket, composed of the best 
 men of the detachment of the 7th and McLean's corps there ; 
 him I ordered back again to wait the (ieneral's orders, and 
 proceeded to St. John's Gate, where I iirst learned that the 
 enemy had surprised the post at Sault-au-Matelot, and had 
 got into the Lower Town. 1 still had part of the 13. Militia 
 with me, and took upon me also to send some whom I found 
 imnecessary on the ramparts, to the party to wait for orders; 
 ::nd took an oilicor with a small party of the Fusileer.< with 
 
10 
 
 im% by l^ilaco Gate, jiist at liie time when the ofllcer i had 
 inenlioncd to you, with about 70 men, was ordered to make 
 a sortie and attack the enemy at the Sault-an-Matelot in the 
 rear. I hastened, with what expedition I could, by the back 
 of the Hole! Dien, in tlie Lower Town, and on my way passed 
 by the picket drawn np imder the field officer of ihe day, 
 who was Major Cox, formerly of the 47th, and now Lieut.- 
 Governor of Ga.-^pe. I got him to allow me to take your 
 friend Nairne, with a subaltern and thirty men, and then 
 proceeded to the Lower Town, where I found things, though 
 not in a good way, yet not desperate. The enemy had got 
 in at the Sault-au-Maielot, but, neglecting to push on, as they 
 should have done, were stopped at the second barrier which 
 our people got shut jnst as I arrived. It was so placed as to 
 shut up tlie street ol the Sault-au-Matelot from any 
 communication with the rest of the Lower Town. As I was 
 coming up, I found our people, the Canadians especially, 
 shy ol advaueiug t.nvurds the barrier, and was obliged to 
 exert myself a good d(!al. To do old V^oyer, their Colonel, 
 justice, though lie is no great oHicer, yet he did not show 
 any want of spirit. Ho\v(!ver, my coming up with Nairne and 
 a Lieutenant, with fifty seamen, gave our people new spirits. 
 I posted people in the different houses that commanded the 
 street of Sault-au-Matelot ; some in the house where Levy, 
 the Jew, formerly lived, others at Lymeburner's ; the officers 
 of the Fusileers I posted in the street with fixed bayonets, 
 ready to njceive the enemy in case they got on our side of 
 the barrier; they had on their side of it, fixed some ladders, 
 and then another to our side us it were to come down by, that 
 was useful to us. I ordered it to be |vjlled away a^d fixed it 
 to the window in the g;U)le end of a house towards us ; the 
 front of which commanded the street of the /Sault-au-Matelot, 
 and their side of the barrier. Then I sent Captain Nairne, 
 and Dambourges, an officer also of McLean's corps,* with a 
 party of their people ; Nairne and Dambourges entered the 
 
 * It was there that an athletic Canadian, namod Chailant, distinguished 
 bimet'lf. together with Capte. Dumas and DambourijeE. 
 
 i 
 
11 
 
 'n Uie o/licer 1 j/ad 
 
 "''^^^'•ccl to rnako 
 
 •an-MaieJot in the 
 
 '^"'^^ by the back 
 
 on my way passed 
 ^f^cer of the day, 
 
 and now iJeut.- 
 '"e fo talvo your 
 y men, and then 
 id tilings, though 
 enemy had got 
 push on, as they 
 »d barrier which 
 ^ so placed as to 
 3'ot from any 
 Jwn. AsJwa's 
 'ans especially, 
 was obliged to' 
 ■» their Colonel, 
 ^i<^ not show 
 
 ^itliiVairneand 
 ile new spirits, 
 ^mmanded the 
 ' where Levy, 
 s ; the officers 
 xed bayonets, 
 •n our side of 
 some ladders, 
 down by, that 
 Y'd'^'d axed it 
 -ards us ; the 
 t-au-Matelot, 
 fain Nairne, 
 >rps,* with a 
 entered the 
 
 '> diatinguiahea 
 
 window with a groat deal of spirit, and got into the house on 
 that side, just as the enemy was entering it by the frontdoor. 
 But Nairne soon dislodged them with his bayonets, driving 
 tlicm into the street ; not did they approach the barrier 
 afterwards. They however kept up a brisk ^ir« from back 
 windows of the houses they had occupied in Sault-au-Matelot 
 street on our peoi)le in Lymeburner's house, on his wharf, and 
 the street adjacent, from one of their houses. I had a narrow 
 escaj)e, for going at day-break to reconnoitre on the wharf 
 under them, just as they took post fjiere, tliey asked, " who is 
 there"? At first I thought tiny might have been some of 
 Nairne's people, who I knew were next door to them, and 
 answered " a friend" — Who are you ? they answered " Captain 
 Morgan's company." I told them to have good heart for they 
 would soon be in the town, and immediately got behind 
 a pile of boards beside me, not above ten or twelve yards 
 from them, and escaped. Their fire, however, a good deal 
 slackened towards nine o'clock, esj^ecially after I brought a 
 9-poundcr on Lymeburner's wharf to bear upon them : the 
 first shot of which killed one of their men and wounded 
 another. I then called out to Nairne in their hearing, so that 
 he should let me know when he heard firing on the other 
 side: our General had sent 500 nun to hem the enemy in on 
 that side ; they soon after began to give themselves up and 
 surrendered to Nairne, who sent ihem through the window to 
 us. They then began to crowd in in such numbers, that we 
 opened the barrier, and they all gave themselves uj) on that 
 side, while the party that made the sortie were busy in the 
 same manner on the other side of the post, and which had 
 delayed so long from coming up, in taking and sending in by 
 Palace Gale some straggling prisoners ; but they had not a 
 shot fired at them, and just arrivcti on that end d^ the post, 
 the enemy surprised at the time the oliicer I sent to take 
 p(>ssession of our old post, arrived with a small parly, 
 supported by Nairne with 100 men ; thus ended our attack 
 on that side, in which the enemy had about 20 men killed, 
 upwards of 40 men wonnded, and about 400 made prisoners. 
 
V2 
 
 Had they acted with more spirit, thoy might liave pushed in 
 at lirst and possessed themselves of the whole Lower Town, 
 and let their friends in at the other side, before our people 
 had time to have recovered fiv/m a certain degree of 
 panic, which seized tliem on the first news of the post 
 being surprised. In the mean time, Mr. Montgomery made 
 his attack at Pres-de-Ville ; rockets were thrown up as a signal 
 to Arnold that both attacks might be made at same time. He 
 got past some pickets, where we at first established our 
 advance post ; the guard was alarmed in time and prepared 
 for his reception, but the post was much stronger than, I 
 believe, he imagined, antl defended by four cannons there and 
 a 4-pounder ; they were served by some seamen under the 
 orders of the master of the transport ; his name was Barnsfare. 
 The guard was under the command of a* Canadian officer of 
 Militia ; the men, Canadians and British, mixed. Barnsfare 
 declared he would not fire till he was sure of doing execution, 
 and with the utmost coolness, waited till the enemy came 
 within his view, at about 30 yards distance, where they 
 received a general discharge from the cannon and musketry. 
 Nothing but groans were heard, and the rebels immediately 
 retired: tiieir General, his Secretary, two or three other 
 officers, and about five privates being killed on the spot ; their 
 wounded got off. We had a block house on Cape Diamond, 
 over Drummond's wharf, where the enemy formed. Had 
 the officer of the Canadian Militia, who commanded there, 
 done his duly, great havoc might have been made among the 
 enemy, who was quite exposed directly under them, and not 
 a shot fired at them. Soon after the enemy was repulsed at 
 that side, some old women brought an account that the rebels 
 had surprised tlie post at Sault-au-Matelot, and had got into 
 the Lower Town ; part of the garrison that had lately behaved 
 so well, were struck with a panic and began, some to hide 
 their arms, some to throw them into the river ; the ■ 
 
 * Error : two dinadian Mililia officers were in command of this post : ■• alors 
 le sieur (Jhat)ot (^f, lo si'Mir Ali-.viiidi'e I'icard. qui coininiiidnii'iif. c jour la la 
 gaidc. (lonncP'nt oriho do meltre le feu uux ctuuions charges a mitraille.'" — 
 Sangitijiet's Journal. 
 
 .^ 
 
.M have pns/iedin 
 'oie Lower Town, 
 M<>re our people 
 frtain Oegree of 
 r^v. of the post 
 ^l'>nigoTnery made 
 
 ^^^'n up as a signal 
 at same time. He 
 
 t established our 
 
 ne and prepared 
 
 stronger than, / 
 
 ■an nons there and 
 eamen under the 
 ^ was Barnsfare. 
 »"adian officer of 
 '-^■•^^J- Barnsfare 
 ^"Jng execution, 
 le enemy came' 
 ^ce, Avhere they 
 ' and musketry, 
 •'s immediately 
 "1- three other 
 •'he spot; their 
 ^'ape Diamond, 
 formed. Had 
 landed there, 
 ^<Je among i^q 
 *''em, and not 
 ^s repulsed at 
 hat the rebels 
 '^ad got into 
 ^'eJy behaved 
 ome to hide 
 ; the 
 
 a amraille.'-'-^ 
 
 I'A 
 
 oiricer began to feel a little frightened, when a Mr. Collin, a 
 British gentleman, who, with his wife and twelve children 
 had taken refuge there, expecting to find theie peace and 
 quietness, and who had served previously in our militia, drew 
 his bayonet, and declared he would put the first man to 
 death who laid down his arms or aitemjited to abandon his 
 post, by which means he re-established order, and with the 
 assistance of Captain Barnsfare, who commanded the seamen, 
 got two of the guns pointed on the opposite sides, in case 
 Arnold's people having got into the Lower Town should 
 attempt to force the post on that side : Ihey, however, at. that 
 time were surrendering themselves prisoners, and immediately 
 having secured the post that had been surprised, I ordered all 
 the rest of the men to the parade, to wail the General's orders, 
 in hope that we should have marched out directly and 
 completed our victory. But all that was done was going out 
 as far as Mr. Grant's, in St. lloch, and bringing in 7 Royals, 
 that were placed behind his house; one small brass field 
 piece was also taken, and a few of the houses in which the 
 enemy had before posted themselves, and from whence they 
 had much annoyed us, were burned. The General did not 
 choose to risk anything further, his ideas seemed entirely to 
 centre in the preservation of the town, certain of succours 
 arriving in the spring; nor did he seem to carry his views 
 towards tlie operations of the summer campaign, which might 
 have been much forwarded by the entire route of the enemy, 
 as in that case, St. John's might have been recovered, some 
 of their craft, and the entrance into Lake Chambly secured. 
 Indeed, by the intelligence we received afterwards, their little 
 army was thrown by our success into the greatest confusion. 
 Above three or four hundred remained in a body together, 
 and parties from them were continually on the march after 
 large parties that were deserting with the intention of going 
 homewards. We were, however, kept blocked up in the 
 town, received little or no intelligence of what the enemy 
 were about, except now and then by a deserter; indeed, such 
 was the extent they were obliged to guard, that, had I been 
 
 ■i 
 
14 
 
 in ltiKir,-.i;iiaii„n, ilje (.v,„.,., ,■ 
 
 »P would l,„ve prcn/ !,, rr'/" '";''^' '"> <1'''''''"« boa, 
 
 leas. wu. o,,„al ,„ „ r„i„/„,e„,i," '""',;«'" ' "'" '^"™'-»' J 
 
 to' 'ny pa,, , neve,- ,|,„„„|„ , !"f '"•"■<^ »!-,,. o,- wa,cl,/„l 
 second a„acl<, „,„„„,,_ ,i,7,„';," '™{ """W be br,,,,^,,, „ '^' 
 my own house a( „i ,| , ' "'''"'> ' ''^"^'y ever lav =? 
 
 o«, .f neees.,a,y, a, aL;t ""r^^-S- in orde, ,„ ^ 
 ">= remainder of ,l,e win.e, a J ™"'^- ■'''■"' -^ remained 
 ^"ny o/ ,|,e rebels retrealh'foaT. °" ""■' ''"' "■»- The 
 .oe»ai„ period,, ,,„,,,,-:;; '«y all had engaged o„t 
 
 ZT7 '"'""'• ''"d Ibose were re 2 n "''' "^^ '"^i^ed 
 'b">k tJ,a, ,r„„,„ „!■ „, ,,;„/"■ ''''''=<='^d by olhers ; nor do I 
 •bej onl en™aef„,., ,. ^ """n be ever fom,ida|,u , 
 
 them the. , ' ^'^'"" '"^^^""' ^ho sarne s . ' "'"^^^^^^ 
 '00 of them were F„ ^^ "^" P'''^"ner.. we J, T^^ 
 
 t.oj. Mci.ean's 
 
 "^ 
 
.'"> qnarfors boat 
 '"- ^^"-y sound. 
 ''"" '• "'« Vanlvees 
 ' f'H'' .^uccoss at 
 ■"; the gnrnson 
 "•^' "J^'-e t/,an a 
 ''*' or vvaici,/-,,] . 
 ^'' ^'•'^•l^'iit to a 
 '■^'y evor lay at 
 ■^'l^t J>arl of tiie 
 
 /''''•^ day, and 
 '^"''^'•^, and (he 
 f^'e next day 
 
 « ^v^e remained 
 
 en^-ag-ed on/y 
 "'^ny insisted 
 ^''«>- nor do / 
 d^We, /or as 
 =i soon as they 
 ''" officers are 
 '""<>' (.'nforce 
 
 di.Soipjj^g .• 
 
 ^djtion wiii' 
 '»f or their 
 <rO"'(i have 
 "le winter . 
 "^5 and of 
 '^'■e cured 
 ^^as aiso 
 ' S'J'eatest 
 If caused 
 in every 
 ^'"■j about 
 ^f'; the 
 ■c Lean's 
 
 15 
 
 I'.orps, but about a do/on of iIkmu tlesorlini^ in th(^ course of a 
 month, the rest wi-re sixain confined, and not released till the 
 arrival of the i,s/,s, when they were again taken into the corps. 
 You can have no concrpiion what kind of men composed 
 theirollicers. Of those we tool;, one Major was a blacksmith 
 another, a hatter; of their captains, there was a butcher, 
 
 a , a tanner, a shoemaker, a tavernkeeper, &c., &c. 
 
 Yet they all pretended to be gentlemen. They, as well as 
 their privates, were 1 -eated well, had full allowance of 
 provisions, and allowed as much liberty as the nature of our 
 situation would admit; some of them abused that liberty, 
 and sud'ered lor it. Some olHcers, tampering with the 
 sentries, wer ; discovered and put in irons ; and their privates 
 had actually laid a plot, named their olU(;ers, and proposed 
 seizing one of the gates, and endeavour to open it (or their 
 friends, who they lound means of informing of the design, by 
 one of them making his escape. The plot was discovered, 
 and the delinqueni-! put in irons; lliey were, however, all 
 released on the arrival of the Js/'s. Nothing very violent was 
 attempted after the Jlst. Their numbers for two months 
 alter tliat period did not, by all account^, exceed 1400 men. 
 Finding, however, that we attempted nodiing against them, 
 ihey were enabled etlectually to bloek uj) the town, so as to 
 prevent any fresh provisions coming into it, and but little 
 intelligence of what was passing. Of the former we were 
 not very much in want of, the hospital was sufficiently 
 provided. Most families had taken care to provide 
 themselves; those that did not, could buy from the butchers 
 at Is. per lb. The militia that would receive pay had Is. 
 per day, and provisions for themselves and family; they 
 lived by that means at least as well as they had over done 
 before. It is true they were dear troops, but the situation of 
 atlairs made that necessary. The rebels, as I mentioned 
 belore, continued to hem us in on every side. They raised a 
 battery of four guns at Poinle Levy ; another of three guns 
 near the ferry on the River St. Charles, and they were busy 
 erecting another of six guns on the heights of the town 
 
 ^ 
 
If) 
 
 between Port* liOuis and St. .lean, which was to have o)ieii('(l 
 on 8th of May. From the two ibrrner they cannonaded \\n: 
 town as briskly as they coiihl (with red hot shot), considering 
 the fire that opposed them ; and sometimes from Pointe 
 Levy they fired at our shijiping in the Cnl-de-Sac, but to very 
 little purpose. The women and children were at first a little 
 afraid, but in a short time walked about the town as usual. 
 By their whole fire we lost but one man and one child killed, 
 and three men and one child wounded. In the mean time 
 we had strengthened ourselves in the Lower Town, which 
 was most accessible. We made ourselves very strong 
 from Levy the Jew's house to Lymburner's wharf, as 
 well as in every other accessible place. We kept the 
 ditches clear of snow, every man, without distinction, taking 
 a sliovel on that occasion ; we got ai iengih about 140 pieces 
 of cannon mounted in difl'erent parts about the town ; we had 
 not originally above 30 carriages made from the King's ships, 
 and the carriages made during the winter, the rest were 
 completed. Tilings were at this situation on the 1st of May, 
 plenty of provisions in the garrison, and every body in good 
 spirits, expecting soon to be relieved, when on the 2nd, in the 
 evening about 9 o'clock, a vessel f was seen coming round 
 Pointe Levy : every body was in high spirits, expecting it to 
 be the forerunner of the Heet. She came up to the great 
 joy of every one in town within hail of our battery, when not 
 answering, she was fired upon, and then soon proved what 
 she was, for she sheered into the Cul-de-Sac, (where all our 
 shipping were laid, a 28-gun frigate, a King's sloop, and 30 
 merchant men and transports) and was immediately set on 
 fire. Had she got one hundred yards further, she would have 
 effected her purpose, but the people were frightened and 
 quitted her too soon. When the sails took fire, which they 
 
 • An old word from the latin portare, from the; circumstance that when 
 Romulus caused a plough furrow to be drawn to shew the poaitioD of the walla 
 of future Rome, the plough was carried over the places meant for gates. 
 
 t The Gaspe, which belonged lo Simon Fraser, had wintered at the Island of 
 Orleans and bi'cn tak«n poseeseion of by the YauketB. 
 
 aiii 
 
 her, I 
 
 lhey| 
 
 anil 
 
 encil 
 
 the 
 
 Iheyl 
 
 pre if 
 
 to \i] 
 
 a 111) 
 
 and I 
 
 gari 
 
 li 
 
n 
 
 1 
 
 town 
 
 as usual. 
 
 J one cfiiJd killed, 
 'n <'ie mean rime' 
 f Town, which 
 
 '^^« very strong 
 "•"^^'•'« u-harf, an 
 • ^V^e kept fhe 
 '"^t'netion, taking 
 
 ■-if^out 140 pieces 
 '^ f^^vn ; we had 
 
 the Kin^^', .hips, 
 
 ■r, the 
 
 Was to have opened dU immediutoly, she lost way; an eddy tide took hold ol' 
 
 y ^''^nnonaded ihf I'er, and she dropped down clear of the ^ihipping, which had 
 
 ' "^''otj, considerin*' tl'^'y taken tire must have cornrnuni(!ated to the Lower 'I'own, 
 
 "nes fro,j^ Pointe ^^^ if* the confusion consecpient tiiereon, it is iiuagined the 
 
 e-Nae, but to very enciny iulended to attack us. Tliey knew, at this time, ot 
 
 were at first a little the Isis being in the river ; and being now near 3000 strong, 
 
 tliey ,'ittempted this as their last cH'ort: we wore, however, 
 prepared to receive them well everywhere, every man retiring 
 to his alarm post. On the Clli of JNlay, early in the tnorning, 
 a Irigale hove in sight, and in about an hour after, the his 
 and a sloop-of-war appeared to the g- >at joy of the whole 
 garrison. Lord Petersham with the grenadiers, and a small 
 party of the i39lh were on board the Isis. They, with the 
 marines, were i mined iatey landed, to the amount of about 
 200 men. A sortie was immediately ordered, not with the 
 intention of attacking, but merely to see what the enemy 
 was about. Our sortie consisted of from 1000 to 1200 men. 
 When we got on the heights, a few slragglingshots were fired 
 at us from a great distance, by part of their rear-guard, left, 
 I suppose, to cover their retreat and prevent our getting 
 intelligence of tlieir motions. VVe also saw some small parties 
 filing off by Holland's house, and some people at Mabane's 
 house,* which they had made an hospital of; and I had got 
 the wood near the back gate of Sans Bruit reconnoitred, and 
 intended getting near the ruins of the house, in order to try 
 and .... some of those people and get a nearer view 
 of the enemy, but did not succeed. My scheme would have 
 been to have pushed the rebels off the heights as far as Cape 
 Rouge, at least, as far as La Suede, which, if you remember, 
 is the cross road which leads from old Lorette to St. Foy. 
 By taking post there, we must have cut off all the out-parties 
 that had been on the lower road of the General Hospital and 
 Beauport, which they had no time to call in, and wliieh must 
 have past that way. I mentioned it to Major Carlelon, who 
 arrived in the Isis ; he spoke of it to his brother, the General, 
 but he slill (perhaps with propriety) adhered steadily to his 
 
 rest were 
 
 ■^ ''^^' ^st of May, 
 y '^ot'y in good 
 " 'h^ 2nd, in the 
 n coming round 
 ' expecting it to 
 P to the great 
 ^^'^y, when not 
 ^ proved what 
 (^vhere aJ] our 
 ^^oop, and 30 
 diately set on 
 '6 would have 
 i&l'tened and 
 'j wijich they 
 
 ance that when 
 00 of (he walla 
 'r gatea. 
 »' the Island of 
 
 * Judge Mubane hnH purchasfid ttiia properly from ttie reverend gentlemen 
 of the Semiiiury, Khorlly after ihe conquest. It haii previously belonged lo 
 Bif-hop Dosque», and chunged its uatne of " Samoa" to that of " Woodfield." 
 
I 
 
 I 
 
 18 
 
 ;;'"•■.'.»" porhap, „,^,„ avo 71„,,°"", ri''" '" ''il' 
 "- -"""^ry of ,1,0 e^un.ry, and ,o ,fo '"' ""^■' " '" « 
 
 «<""■- "f .1,0 wi„,cr. No hoc V In r ^ "'' ""= '" "" »» ' 
 
 e'rc»,n.,tanoos wl.ici, a,„l,ori.o a J " ."" ""^ P""'="''-" •»" 
 
 •'""'""'".imo; .l,a. .1,0 I rnarn ''"""'' '•''^'>"»- »"' 
 
 '"«'. may „o.or bo roga no" T .''"™'"^ ^^'""l-' « « I' 
 
 '•on.or,„onoo ,„ ,oo wi.rn'ui 1"" '', "' "'« Srea.os. hm 
 
 «ecu.o will, rapidi.y. Bv alTao . "1'' J'"'8™™'' •■"■<! 
 
 -ooivod, had we folf„we7„p 0;!"^'' T" '" "<=*'--* 
 
 "- enomy „ig„. h,,, boon dr™? :ro;r°n '^' ''''="'"''"• 
 
 more than 400 of .hem l„„, ,1 ""= P'ownoe. Not 
 
 '-end large par.ie Tv f, ."^ "' -<! f-y were obl,£ 
 
 •'""g back ihoir fugiiives ™ °' T"1 ""^^ ^'''"wards ,0 
 
 "f the winler we%Xo' bj„;, .'''"'"'"""S " S^eat par. 
 
 -PeHor ,0 „3 ei,hor i „„";'' "P "^ *" -bel/„o 
 
 "■oop., and .hoy were of noce" i.v o,, • , ^'""'"""^^ "^ "■«'■ 
 
 """"> .» in .ueh a s.rlgM !" ''f '° '"'""""-'^^ 
 
 communioa.io„ with ,he coumr^ fr"^ '" '"" "^ <"" 
 
 efleoled), ,ha. I,ad we ,ahe„ advamii •?'. ""^^ ^^'"'"""y 
 
 m'Sin t.ave boon beaten «p and Tho ' ""'" '"^^''■'"''""^ 
 
 temer„y. u,d they been ,ho bes^ ,ro '' '^^"''^"^ '"' "'•'" 
 
 •l^e bos. oflioerod, wo oonld „ 1 P' '" *« world, and 
 
 g'ea.er re,poo,. However a "" "^"'«<' "'^m w""h 
 
 combined .0 do as v.elZ' ;j'T,"'^;'y --u™„a„o . 
 
 believe, .ban was expeo.ed frfr us V'"" "'" «■"-. ' 
 
 conoe.vo .hat people unusodT, ' " '' P<««iWe o 
 
 Militia, theBri.ii'h in pa 'i :,r%T "" """^ '^- " 
 
 o.roums.anco in favour o? .he Canar '^°' '" "'™«°'> a 
 
 ----in.heirfavour!:oS::.^--J.^.^^^^ 
 
 WO 
 
 to ( 
 
 8Uf 
 
 he 
 
 aln 
 he 
 oil 
 rar 
 
 (1 
 
'"'-^foty of the place. .\ 
 '-;' «'^ times to expel 
 •^''^n in respect ,, 
 Ot 'er people in J,, 
 "/^^ t''eir views ,, 
 "'^^ operations of tl,. 
 '^^ struck me in t|,e 
 '« l^^l'er than you d. 
 e«sed on receiving , 
 's there are particular 
 ;^^"d^r to undertake 
 be deemed rashne.s' 
 r iroments which, if 
 ^•^ of the greatest 
 »"^! judgment, and 
 y'»ch we afterwards 
 '^'he 31st December, 
 »ie Province. JVot 
 JJ'ey were obliged 
 ^ays afterwards to 
 'l^'^'^nS a great part 
 by the rebeJs, not 
 S'oodness of their 
 to post themselves 
 ■' *° cut off our 
 \i^^ey absoiutejy 
 t'leir headquarters 
 ^nished for their 
 « t^^e worJd, and 
 ^ated them with 
 
 ^ circumstances 
 en were more, I 
 s Jt possible to 
 o "lore than our 
 ' to mention a 
 ^^ould wiJiingjy 
 "t^, as I could). 
 
 10 
 
 A liahilani (peasant) from He.'inrnonl (the only one that 
 crossed U) town durinfj the ivinicr from that side) came to 
 Quebec in a canoe with some fresh provisions, and mentioned 
 thai many of th(? inhabitants of the South side were inclined 
 to serve the government, if they knew how. Tlie General by 
 this man wrote to Mons. de IJeanjen, who lived in obscurity 
 on the Isle anx Grues, to try and endeavour to assemble the 
 Canadians, and cut of! the guard they then had at Pointe 
 Levy. He engaged about 150 Canadians in that design ; 
 but they were betrayed byothersof the disaffected Canadians. 
 Some of them assembled in a house together, were 
 surrounded, and about thirty taken ))risoners. Messire Bailly, 
 a priest, was shot through the body, and also taken ; he, 
 however, has sinee been released, and recovered of his 
 wounds. The priests in general behaved well, and refused 
 to eonfess the Clanadians in the rebel interest, for which they 
 suffered persecution. Messire de Lotbiniere, alone excepted, 
 
 he they proposed to make Bishop. Mons. De was 
 
 almost the only person of the noblesse that did not do everything 
 he could for the public service. I mentioned to you before 
 of having refused the command of the Militia without the 
 rank of Colonel in the King's service. 
 
 [Tlte remaining portion of the manuscript is missing.]