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 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
nrrlllimifil" rnlln* . .,. -, 
 
 l\ 
 
 ZABAS METHOD 
 
 OF STUDYING 
 
 UNIVERSAL HISTORY, 
 
 WITH 
 
 CHRONOLOGICAL CHART, 
 
 KEY, 
 
 AND BOARD OF EXERCISE. 
 
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 Printicd by M. MAGNUS & CO., 3!ia, Notre Dame Street 
 
 1874 
 
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 Entered according to Act of Parliament of Canada, in th(\ 
 
 year 1874, by N. F. de Zaba, in the ^ce of MinisteiJ ^ 
 of Agriculture. J . . 
 
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 ZABA'S METHOD 
 
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 nada, in thcf 
 
 '"'-'•»■ STUDYING UNIVERSAL HISTORY. 
 
 Locke, the emiiieut Euglwh ]jliilosopher (said, "Memory 
 18 as it were the store-house of our ideas ; for the narrow 
 mind of man not being capable of having many ideas nnder 
 view and contemi)hition at once, it was necessary to have a 
 repository to lay up those ideas, which at another time it 
 might make use of A methodical arrangement of the 
 contents of such a repository*, enables its owner to find any 
 article that he may require with the utmost readiness." 
 Precisely, my methoil is calculated to arrange that very 
 store-house in si^^i an orderly, manner, as to enable its 
 owner to find, with the utmost readiness and quickness, the 
 required article. Such an advantage, surely, is wortli pds- 
 iessin^. even ut the cost of extra trouble and application; 
 
 63079 
 
 ^ 
 
v» 
 
 ZAIiA's METHOD OF STirinTNG 
 
 ■ ■ . t ' 
 
 Lot lis considor only the niiniber of subjects, both in science 
 and. literature, each voluminous and full of interest. The 
 spliere of the human mind not sufficiently large, nor life 
 sufficiently* long, to gi'apple with the many difficulties 
 obstructing the pursuit of knowledge. But, as steam and 
 telegraph help us in a certain degree to obtain victory over 
 time and distance, in like manner, means should be found 
 for accelerating the march of our progress in the acquisition 
 of knowledge. For instance, the subject of Universal His- 
 tory demands close attention, both in the collection of facts, 
 and in their arrangement accoi-ding to the order of time at 
 which each of them took place. 
 
 As no one can be admitted within the precincts of the 
 philosophy of History without having his mind well stored 
 with facts, which constitute the links of a chain of ideas, 
 therefore, the knowledge of facts and of chronology 
 becomes an absolute necessity. On that very account, the 
 study of Universal History taxes the mind severely. Few 
 are indeed successful, and even they, after long and unabated 
 perseverance, feel the want of some guide to lead them on 
 from point to point. 
 
 Many an attempt was made to supply this want. The 
 ingenuity of man did not remain inactive in devising plans 
 foi- so important a purpose. Each small contribution to the 
 common stock of human knowledge, should receive its .due 
 attention, and I claim no other favor for my Method. It is 
 simple— practical in its application, ai;d admirably adapted 
 to the study of Universal History in particular. It offers 
 many advantages to the student of Histoiy. He is enabled 
 to examine, year by year, or century by century, without 
 the least deviation from the order in wdiich the events 
 occuri'ed. Order in the arrangements of thoughts, and in 
 the classitication of ideas, would give him an easy command 
 over the whole subjet, howevei- voluminous. As the object 
 of this book is simply to teach the Meth(gi, I will not un- 
 necessarily swell its proportions. Lot us therefore, at once 
 proceed to the exj^lanation of it, and tho manner in which 
 tho learner is to acquire it. 
 
 Til 
 
 f 
 
 
« 
 
 LNIVERSAL IITSTORV 
 
 The followinc: Diagram forms the basis of the Method 
 
 It is a square, or to make m}- explanation inore familial-, 
 let lis suppose that it is a book-case containinj^ ten shelves. 
 Each shelf is divided into ten equal pai'ts, which run from 
 left to right, as the Diagj'am shows. "We have, therefore, 
 one hundred parts enclosed within the square, in the 
 ap[)ljcation to the study of Ilistoi-y, each part represents 
 one year. Consequently, on each shelf there are ten years, 
 and the Avhole forms OneCentur3\ Each year is subdivided, 
 into nine compartments, wdiich are also read from, left to 
 right. And these compartments convey to us each a dis- 
 tinct notion of the character of the event which took place 
 in that year. The meaning of the Symbols located in the 
 com))artments is as follows : 
 1st. pWar. z. BattlP. X Civil .\ ar. 
 
 'h\(\. BConqunst, Ei Acquisition by treaty or marriage. X I^oss 
 ."^rd- ■Calamities, Plague, Fire, Persecution. B Destruction by 
 
 Earthquakes. X Destruction })y War. 
 •'ilh. ■ Eminent Men. P Women. X Hirtli. + Death. 
 hW\. ■ Sovereign. X Division of sovereign power. 
 Gth. I Geographical discovery, B Scientific discovery. X Industry. 
 
^f 
 
 I 
 
 f 
 
 6 
 
 ZABA S METHOD OF .STUDYING 
 
 7th. B Parliament, Diet, Council, Congress. B Enactmentof a law. 
 
 X Publication of a book. 
 8tli. B^^f^'o'ii*'ion- B Unsucce^sful Insurrection, Riot. X <^^i^n- 
 
 sjiiracy. 
 !»tli. ■Peace, b A treaty condluded in time ofi)eace. X A leaguo. 
 
 Ik'sides tlie above nine ooinpartmentH, there is one Sym- 
 l)ol more — which is placed Avitliin tlie year like a border, 
 □ « t<) repi'esent remarkable events having no specific 
 rcfeience to the nine compartments. 
 
 Alter (he explanation of the shelves, their partitions, and 
 the Symbols of each compartment, the attention is drawn, 
 first, to the horizontal line, Avhieh divides the Diagram 
 into two equal parts, and is called the Middle line. In the 
 Hight of our observations, that line will be a resting point, 
 frorii which our survev of the localities on each side of it 
 will be easier and quicker. Secondly, the perpendicular 
 line, which divides the shelves into two equal parts, leaving 
 five years on each side; is of the utmost importance. Indeed, 
 the eye should be always kept on that line, which is called 
 the Central line — as it will give us the fifl lest command over 
 the whole Diagi'am, and enable us to convert rapidly each 
 locality into the number it represents. 
 
 The following Diagram demonstrates the utilit}' of that 
 rule. 
 
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 8 
 
 9 
 
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 5 
 
 G 
 
 •-• 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 shelf. 
 
 downl 
 
 of eal 
 
 nund3 
 
 seconj 
 
 name! 
 
 As we cast our eye u]>on the fiftli partition of the first 
 
t 
 
 TNIVERSAL HISTORY 
 
 ?nt of a law. 
 t. X Con- 
 
 A leaguo. 
 
 one Sym- 
 ! a border, 
 lO spec i tie 
 
 itions, and 
 
 is drawn, 
 
 Diagram 
 
 e. In the 
 
 ing point, 
 
 Hide of it 
 
 jendiculai" 
 
 ;s, leaving 
 
 e. Indeed, 
 
 1 in called 
 
 iiand over 
 
 »idly each 
 
 V of that 
 
 shelf, which is on the left side of the central line, and look 
 down to the bottom u^' the line, we see that each partition 
 of each shelf, occupying the same jjosition, rej;resent the 
 number 5. Thus, on the first shelf will be simph- 5 ; on the 
 second, 5 also; but we must add to it the whole first shelf, 
 namely, 10 — it will be 15 ; on the third, 25, etc. Hence, if 
 a symbol is placed in any of those ]>artitions, Ave perceive 
 at a glance that it is 5, to which it is necessary to add the 
 number of complete shelves above it. On the other side of 
 the central line are all the sixes. Then, on the left side of 
 the central line, as we recet'»e from it, are 4, 3, 2, 1 ; and 
 after the sixes, going forwar 1, *7, 8, 9, 10. The plainness of 
 this arrangement speaks for itself In order that the learaer 
 ^<hould not lose sight of the Central line, which will aid him 
 principally in being able to call at will the Diagram before 
 his mind's eye, the rules of the exercise are framed to suit 
 the object in view — and the beginners should literally 
 adhere to them. Thus, though History will be the subject 
 of our study, let it be looked upon not as the end but the 
 means for the acquisition of the knowledge of the method. 
 Consequently, no anxiety should be felt to retain in memory 
 by its ordinary grasp either the names of events or the 
 dates in connection with them. Instead of that, concentrate 
 your attention upon the localities, the symbols, their color 
 and form. In tne course of lessons, localities should never 
 be mentioned by the number they happen to I'epresent, but 
 in reference to the position they occupy relativel}^ to the 
 central line. By these means the arrangement of the Dia- 
 gram will in a shoi't time become familiar; and the mind, 
 assuming its form, will keep the storehouse of thoughts and 
 ideas in perfect order. Now, let us give a practical illus- 
 tration of the manner in which the study is pursued. The 
 learner is provided with a board containing a sufficient 
 number of plain diagrams to form out of them a Historical 
 C'hart of the nineteen centuries of the Christian era; also, 
 with a ])ox of large and small crj^stals of various colors. In 
 the first century (see the Historical Chart) three ccjlors are 
 requii-ed : Black, for the History of the Romaic Empire ; 
 

 8 
 
 ZABA S METHOD OF STUDYING 
 
 Blue, for the Histoiy of the Christian Church ; Eed, for 
 British History. A Diagram of the first century, filled 
 with the symbols is placed before him with a key, giving 
 explanation of their meaning and the names of events. 
 Then commence as follows : First, we name the color ; next, 
 the shelf; then the partition, or its relative 2)08ition to the 
 central line ; finally, the compartment. Symbol after sym- 
 bol is to be copied with crystals upon the board of plain 
 diagrams. First, Avhat color ? a small black — on what shelf? 
 It being on the right side of the central line (for counting 
 is of t-ourse done from left to right), and as the mention of 
 the numbers hould be suj^pressed, we shall therefore say, 
 one heyc\d the central line. Now, in Avhich compartment? 
 second compartment. Its meaning ? Conquest : black 
 color ? Roman history ; read ; a conquest was made hy the 
 Romans. We require now to know, what conquest ? The 
 key supplies the name : Judea. That name is attached to 
 the symbol, and its reading will be complete : a conquest 
 was made hy the Romans of Judea. llie number of locality ? 
 6, in the year fi. What do wo see next ? a small black- 
 On what shelf? on the same shelf; which partition, and its 
 relative position to the central liiie ? The position is indi- 
 cated by the number of j^artitions distant from the centi'al 
 "Ttne. It will be therefore said : four beyond the central line ; 
 In which compartment? First. Its meaning? war; but, 
 as the form of the symbol occujjies half onl}- of that com- 
 partmeni, it is a battle; therefore, it is a battle fought by 
 the Romans. With whom ? The name is added from the 
 key : Avith Herman, a German ])rince ; year ? 0. Again, a 
 Nmall black: on the second shelf, in which partition ? It 
 being on the left side of the central line, counting fi-om 
 I'iglit to left it will be said : two before the central line. Con- 
 sequently, ail distances on the left side of the central line 
 will bo called before ; and on the right side, beyond the cen- 
 tral line. 
 
 "Let us return to our last symbol. We have saiJ, two 
 before the central line — which compartment? in the fifth 
 compartment — its meaning? Sovereign — a Roman sovereign 
 
a«lMiibMMia*riaM 
 
 l« 
 
 TNI VERS AL HISTORY. 
 
 — name? Tiberius. Tiberius began to reign in the year? 
 read as j-ou see, without diverting your attention by think- 
 ing of number : locality shows plainly 14. Again, another 
 small black on the same shelf, four beyond the central line, 
 in the fourth compartment. Its meaning ? eminent man — 
 it being a straignt cross — it means, death of an eminent 
 man. Name ? Germanicus. Yaar ? 19. Next, a small black, 
 on the third shelf, one beyond the central line, in the fourth 
 compartment ; name, Pontius Pilate, in the year 26, was 
 made Governor of Judea, which is above his head on the 
 first shelf, by Ctesar Tiberius, who rests on the second shelf. 
 Further, large blue, five beyond the central line ; or, for 
 shortness, it may be said, at the end of the same shelf 
 Blue ? History of the Christian Church ; large symbol ? 
 remai-kable event ; name ? Baptism of Christ ; year, 30. 
 Who was then Governor of Judea? We retrace our steps, 
 and stop at the symbol occupying the fourth compartment 
 on the same shelf: Pontius- Pilate ; year, 26. Who was 
 'hen Ctesar? We go back, and stop at the symbol occupying 
 the fifth compartment on the second shelf: Tiberius ; year. 
 
 Thus we acquire a habit of order in the arrangement of 
 our thoughts. In that manner we pursue our study to the 
 end of the first century. Then the crystals are removed, 
 and the same process repeated twice or three times. Aftoi* 
 half a dozen lessons the learner should examine himself not 
 in the dates and^iames of the events, but whether he can 
 see mentally the organization of the diagram, and the color 
 and form of the symbols, also tbeir relative position to the 
 Central line. No sooner can his mind realize all this, than 
 his memory will become quick and ready, and the progress 
 in the acquisition of knowledge will bt rapid, easy, and free 
 from any mist or confusicm. As soon, as the eye is sufii- 
 ciontlj^ familiar with the first century, extend the practice 
 to the second ; and so on, until you embrace the whole 
 range of the chart. Beginners generally feel some doubt 
 as to the possibility of thoir recollecting the names of the 
 events; but, without entering into any explanation of the 
 
10 
 
 ZABA S METHOD OF STUDYING 
 
 4 
 
 invieible workings of the • human mind, I can sjDeak from 
 experience, that seeming difficulty will imperceptibly di- 
 sappear, if the learners strictly adhere to the rules laid 
 down. 
 
 As to the history before the Christian Era, the computa- 
 tion of time* will depend upon the point from which it will 
 be started. For example, if we wish to know, how many 
 years before the Christian Era the triumvir of Julius Cesar 
 existed ? in that case the century in which we find Cesar 
 is the first century before Christ — and the last years of the 
 said cwitury, will be the first year before Christ — conse- 
 quently, we reverse the order of things, counting from 
 right to left, and climb up to the point required. But when 
 we wish to ascertain; how numy years after the foundation 
 of Eomc? then, we start from the foundation of Eome and 
 our course will be a continuous descension untill we arrive 
 at Julius Cesar — that is to say our counting will be like in 
 the Christian Era from left to right. 
 
 In conclusion, I consider it my sacred duty to do justice 
 to the memory of my deceased friend and companion of 
 arms, General Bom, Avho toge^' •' • with me devoted his 
 literary talents to this subject.- from IS-IS, the work 
 
 was left to mo alone, and I hope y hnvy, succeeded in ren- 
 dering this method j^ractical as to itsextonsive applicatid 
 in the province of education. 
 
 I 
 
3eak froni 
 jptibly di- 
 rules laid 
 
 computa- 
 ch it will 
 low many 
 lius Cesar 
 find Cesar 
 sars of the 
 9t — conse- 
 bing from 
 But when 
 bundation 
 Rome and 
 we arrive 
 be like in 
 
 do justice 
 panion of 
 •^oted his 
 Ithe work 
 d in ren- 
 bplicatio:. 
 
 KEY TO ZABA'S CHART. 
 
I! 
 
 I 1 
 
 EXPLANATION OF COLORS. 
 
 
 IflSTOKY BEFOJIE (IIRIST. 
 
 Hr^ACK irintory of Rome. 
 
 Blue History of the Bible. 
 
 CHKTSTTAN EEA 
 
 if 
 
 lii.AcK iriyloi'v of tlie Roman Empire. 
 
 Br.ACK Trian(4J,es Mahometans. 
 
 Hme Cliiircli. 
 
 linE TuiANdLEs Crusades. 
 
 Red Britain. 
 
 Ri:i) Trtanole.s Scotland. 
 
 Ykllow France. 
 
 Ohanoe Spain. 
 
 OuANOE Thian<jles Portugal. 
 
 (JuEEN (lennany. 
 
 (JiiEEN Trian(<lk.s PruRsia. 
 
 Dark Green Sweden. 
 
 Dark (Jreen Trian(11,es nenmark. 
 
 J^iNK Poland. 
 
 I'iNK Triangles Russia. 
 
 (ioj.D . , America. 
 
 JiAROE AND small CIRCLES IN ALli COLORS . , . ColonicR. 
 
IS. 
 
 HISTORY BEFORE CHRIST. 
 
 i-y of Rome, 
 •f the Bible. 
 
 an Einph'o, 
 
 alioinetaiiy. 
 
 . Cliurcl). 
 
 (.'riiBaden. 
 . Britain. 
 
 Seotland. 
 France. 
 
 . Spain. 
 
 Portugal. 
 (^ennan3^ 
 PniRsia. 
 . -Sweden. 
 Hen mark. 
 . Poland. 
 Russia. 
 America. 
 
 ColonioR. 
 
 Deluge. 
 
 CEXTUEY 24TII. 
 CENTURY 2(lTH. 
 
 Abraham. 
 
 Call of Abraham. 
 
 ishmael. 
 
 CENTURY 
 
 Sodom and (Jomorrali. 
 
 fsaac. 
 
 Sarah , 
 
 Esau and Jacob. 
 
 Abraham. 
 
 19Tir. 
 
 CENTURY 18th. 
 
 Tslimael. 
 .losepli. 
 .loaoph 8old. 
 Isaac. 
 
 Joseph govei'nor of Egypt. 
 The Jews settle at Goshen. 
 
 CENTURY 
 
 1*7x11. 
 
 Jacob. 
 Jose])h. 
 
 Aaron. 
 
 Moses. 
 
 Klight of Moses. 
 
 Exodus. 
 Plague. 
 MosoB. 
 Joshua. 
 
 Ruth. 
 
 (CENTURY IOth. 
 
 (lENTURY 15Tir. 
 
 CENTURY 14T1T. 
 
14 
 
 KEY TO ZABA S METHOD 
 
 
 
 n 
 till 
 
 
 CENTURY 13th. 
 
 Deborah. 
 
 Gideon defeats the Midianites. 
 
 Abimelech. 
 
 CEXTURY 12x11. 
 
 Jephtah defeats the Ammonites; 
 
 Samson. 
 
 Samuel. 
 
 CENTURY llTii. 
 
 Saul. 
 
 Goliath. 
 
 David. 
 
 Absalom. 
 
 Solomon. 
 
 Dedication of tlio Temple. 
 
 CENTURY 10t[f. 
 
 Kingdoms of Israel and Judah. 
 
 CENTURY Otii. 
 
 Transl at ion of El i jali . 
 Elisha. 
 
 CENTURY Srn. 
 
 Rome founded. 
 
 Fall of the kingdom of Israel. 
 
 Numa Pompilius. 
 
 CENTURY Tth. 
 
 Tullus Ilostilius. 
 
 Combat of Horatii and Cnriatii. 
 
 Judith. 
 
 Ancus Martius. 
 
 Tarquinius Priscus. 
 
 First of the seventy years of captivity. 
 
 CENTURY (5th. 
 
 Fall of the kingdom of Judah. 
 
 Servius Tullius. 
 
 Return of the Jews from captivity. 
 
 Tarquinius Superbus. 
 
 Second Temple. 
 
 Expulsion of Tarquinius. 
 
 Commercial treaty with (.^arthago. 
 
 Porsennu. 
 
 Lartiul 
 
 Plebeil 
 
 Corioh 
 
 With 
 
 DecemI 
 
 Aholitf 
 
 Standi! 
 
 With 
 
 veil. 
 Rome 
 Manliul 
 LiciniaT 
 Pra?toii 
 AVith S 
 Latins I 
 With {^ 
 
 Etrurid 
 
 Samnit 
 
 Etruria 
 
 Pyrrhii 
 
 1 )efeat 
 
 TjOAver 
 
 First I 
 
 DuUiut 
 
 Sicily- 
 
 Seconc 
 
 Canna 
 
 Syraci 
 
 Zama- 
 
 (^ynos 
 
 Magn 
 
 Scipic 
 
 Pydni 
 
 jiida 
 
 Jonat 
 
 Third 
 
 Cartli 
 
 Simo 
 
 Num 
 
 Caiuf 
 
KEY TO ZABA S METHOD. 
 
 15 
 
 CENTrRi" 5th. 
 
 Lartius (dictator. 
 Plebeians. 
 
 C^oriolanus proscribed. 
 With Yeientes. 
 Decemvirs — 12 tables. 
 Abolition of Decemvirs. 
 Standinjr Armv. 
 AVith Veientes. 
 
 CEXTURY 4th. 
 
 Veii. 
 
 Rome laid in ashes by Brennns — Camillus. • 
 
 Manliiis thrown from Tarpeian Rock. 
 
 Licinian laws. 
 
 Prffitor and .Edile. , 
 
 AVith Samnites. 
 
 Latins and Campanians. 
 
 AVith .Samnites. 
 
 CENT! TRY 3rt). 
 
 Etrurians and Samnites-. 
 
 Samnites. 
 
 Etrurians. 
 
 Pyrrhus. 
 
 Defeat of P3^rrhus near Eeneventiim. 
 
 Tiower Ital}'. 
 
 Fii'st Punic. 
 
 Dullius's naval victoi'y. 
 
 Sicily— AVith Cartha«^e. 
 
 Second Punic. 
 
 Canna3. 
 
 Syi'acuse. 
 
 Zama — with Cjirthage. 
 
 CENTURY 2nd. 
 
 Oynoscephale. 
 
 Magnesia. 
 
 Scipio Africanus. 
 
 Pydna — Macedonia — Persecution of the Jews — Alatthias. 
 
 Juda Maccabanis. 
 
 •Fonathan Maccabanis. 
 
 Third Punic. 
 
 (!arthage. 
 
 Simon Maccabanis. 
 
 Numantia— Tiberius (I raccus. 
 
 Caius (Jraccus, 
 

 II! 
 
 11* 
 
 I 
 
 d^ 
 
 I 
 
 16 KBy TO ZABAS METHOD. 
 
 Jugurtha. 
 
 Defeat of the Cymbri by Marius. 
 
 CENTURY 1st. 
 
 First Mitliridatie. 
 
 Civil. 
 
 Marl us. 
 
 Cinna — with Mithridate. 
 
 Second Mithridatic — Sylla (dictator). 
 
 Sylla. 
 
 Third Mithridatic. 
 
 Spartacus leads the slaves. 
 
 Defeat of Spartaciis. 
 
 Pontiis. 
 
 Syria. 
 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 Catalina. 
 
 Triumvir of Julius Ctesar, Pompey and Crassiis. 
 
 Gaul. 
 
 Invasion of Britain by Julius Cft>sar. 
 
 Civil. 
 
 Pharsalia. 
 
 Cato. 
 
 Julian Calendar. 
 
 Assassination of Ca?sar. 
 
 Second Triumvir of Octavius, Antony and Lepidus — Cicero. 
 
 Philipi. 
 
 Herod. • 
 
 Actium. 
 
 ;h:gypt. 
 
 Octavius takes the name of Augustus Cu'sar. 
 
 Mecaenas. 
 
 llli 
 
CHRISTIAN ERA. 
 
 CT.NTlliY 1st. 
 
 Judit^a. 
 
 Defeat oftJio Eonians by Herman. 
 
 Tiberius. 
 
 Germanicus. 
 
 Pontiuw Pilate. 
 
 Baptism of Christ. 
 
 Crucifixion. 
 
 Martyrdom of St. Stephen. 
 
 Paul converted. 
 
 Caligula. 
 
 GosiDel of St. Matthew. 
 
 Claudius. 
 
 Invasion. 
 
 (rospel of St. Mark. 
 
 Invasion. 
 
 London founded. 
 
 Cai'actacuR. 
 
 Apostolic Council at Jerusalem. 
 
 Nero. 
 
 (T082)el of Tjuke. 
 
 Destruction of the Druids. 
 
 Boadecea. 
 
 Burrhus. * 
 
 Home burned — persecution . 
 
 Seneca. 
 
 Martyrdom of Peter and Paul. 
 
 Galba. 
 
 Otho, Vitelius, Vospesian. 
 
 -Destruction of Jerusalem. 
 
 ])e.struction of Pompeii and IFercnlanium — Plinv the Elder 
 
 —Titus. 
 Domitian. 
 
 Britain a Eoman province. 
 Jo8ef)hus. 
 
 Second persecution. 
 Nerva. 
 
 (rospel of St. John. 
 Trajan. 
 Tacitus. 
 
m 
 
 18 
 
 r \ 
 
 
 KEY TO ZARA S METHOD. 
 
 CENTIIEY 2ni). 
 
 Plinj' the younger, governor of Bithynia. 
 
 Dtecia. 
 
 Third persecution. 
 
 Martyrdom of Ignatius, bishop of Antioch. 
 
 Pliny the younger. 
 
 Trajan's column. 
 
 Mesopotamia. 
 
 Adrian. 
 
 Insurrection of the Jews. 
 
 Plutarch. 
 
 Adrian's Avail. 
 
 Juvenal. . 
 
 Eternal Edict. 
 
 Insurrection of the Jews under Barcochaltas. 
 
 Antoninus Pius. 
 
 Justyn. 
 
 Wall near Glasgow. 
 
 Edict in favor of the Christians. 
 
 Marcus Aurelius Antonimis. 
 
 Fourth persecution. 
 
 Martj'rdom of Justyn. 
 
 Martyj'dom of Polycarp of Smyrna. 
 
 Marcomani, and their defeat. 
 
 Martyrdom of Blaiuh-na at Lyons. 
 
 Commodus. 
 
 Pertinax. 
 
 Julian Didianus — Septimus Severus — Niger. 
 
 C^ENTITRY 3iii). 
 
 Galen. 
 
 Fifth persecution. 
 
 Martyrdom of Iraeiuis, Bishop of Lyons. 
 Roman Wall. 
 Garacala. 
 Macrinug. 
 Heliogabalus. 
 Alexander Severus. 
 Ulpian, eminent lawyer. 
 Maximin — sixth persecution. 
 Balbinus and two Gordians. 
 Gordian III. 
 Philip the Arabian. 
 
 Games in commemoration of a thousand years since the 
 foundation of Rome. 
 
 Deciusi 
 [Seven tl 
 tGallus.f 
 ^^alerijl 
 lOrigenl 
 [Eighth 
 
 Tenth 
 
 Torph;" 
 
 ('onsta 
 
 (Jalerli 
 
 Edict ( 
 
 Contrc 
 
 (■onsta 
 
 CV)unci 
 
 The se 
 
 (■onstf 
 
 Consti 
 
 ITlphi 
 
 Julian 
 
 Jovial 
 
 Valen 
 
 Valen 
 
 Adria 
 
 Theo( 
 
 Ooun( 
 
 Oonv< 
 
 Desti 
 
 Divis 
 
 Chr}' 
 
KEY TO ZABA S METHOD. 
 
 1<) 
 
 JSoventli persecution. 
 *(Tallus. 
 iValeriun. 
 |Oi'igeii. 
 Ei«^hth pei-yecutioji — Martyrtlom of CvpHaii, Bisliop of 
 
 Carthage. 
 iW'ith Pernia. 
 
 mlienuR. 
 IClaiidinis II. 
 iPlotinus — Aiii-eliaii. 
 Ninth ])erse(UtioM. 
 Palmyra. 
 Tacitus. 
 IPi'obus. 
 
 Manes, the fcjundei' of ^lanichean lieresv. 
 [Oarus. 
 ^Carinus. 
 [Diocletian. 
 Diocletian and Maximian. 
 Anthony, founder of the monastic life. 
 
 since the 
 
 CENTUPY 4TII. 
 
 Tenth persecution. .. 
 
 Porphyry. 
 
 Constantius Clilorus— Galerius. 
 
 (lalerius- -Maximian — Constantin. . 
 
 Edict of Milan in favor of Chi'istianity. 
 
 (Mntroversy of Arius. 
 
 (N)nBtantine alone. 
 
 Council of Nice. 
 
 Tlie seat of government removed to Constantinople. 
 
 (■onstantine 11^ — Constans — Constantius. 
 
 Constantius alone. 
 
 IJlphilas, Apostle of the (ioths. 
 
 Julian the Apostate, 
 
 Jovian. 
 
 Valentinian and Valens. 
 
 Valentinian ] J . and Cxj-atian. 
 
 Adrianople. 
 
 Theodosius. 
 
 Council of Constantino])le. 
 
 Conversion of Augustin. 
 
 Destruction of Pagan Temples. 
 
 Division of the Empire. 
 
 Chrysostom, patriarch of Constantinople. 
 
!>0 
 
 KEY TO ZABA S METIIOlJ. 
 
 d 
 
 ill 
 
 
 / 
 
 1t 
 
 nil 
 iil 
 
 (CENTURY 5tii. 
 
 Abolition of tlie gladiatorial gamen. 
 
 Gothn and Vandals. 
 
 Theodosius the youngor. 
 
 Home Hacked by Alarie. 
 
 llypatia. 
 
 Pharamond. kingdom of the Pranks. 
 
 Jerome. 
 
 Valentinian III. 
 
 Africa iuvaded b}' (lenseric. 
 
 Augustin. 
 
 Ephesus. 
 
 Theodosian code. 
 
 Leo the Great. 
 
 Huns under At tila. 
 
 Meroveus. 
 
 Invasion of the Saxons. 
 
 Marcian. 
 
 Defeat of Attila at Chalons — Chalcedon. ^ 
 
 Venice founded. 
 
 Kingdom of Kent founded — F^ome sacked by Genseric. 
 
 Leo. 
 
 Majorian. 
 
 Childeric. 
 
 Severus. 
 
 Anathemius. 
 
 Xepos. 
 
 Glycerins. 
 
 Zeno and Leo II. 
 
 Komulus Augustulus. 
 
 Fall of the Western Empii-e. 
 
 Invasion of the Saxons. 
 
 Clovis. 
 
 Soissons. 
 
 Kingdom of Sussex. 
 
 St. Patrick — Anastasius. 
 
 Ostro-Gothic kingdom founded b}^ Theodoric. 
 
 Tolbiac — conversion of the Franks. 
 
 Jfustinial 
 ;fustinia| 
 Africa. 
 
 fith thi 
 [ingdoii 
 dl of tl 
 ifth Gt| 
 leUzariil 
 ivasioni 
 ^ingdoif 
 iberiusj 
 [auric e] 
 i^ingdoi 
 Gregory 
 onvcrsil 
 
 GENTURY Gth. 
 
 Christian Era arranged by Dionysius the Monk. 
 
 Justin. 
 
 Kingdom of AVessex. 
 
 Antioch destroyed by earthquake. 
 
 ISoetiuH. 
 
 J Wal 
 
 lustini 
 
 lodriq 
 
 hilipi 
 
KEY TO ZABA S METHOD. 
 
 21 
 
 Justinian — Kingdom of Essex. 
 
 Justinians code. 
 
 Africa, 
 
 Italy. ,, 
 
 Tith the (iotlis. 
 
 [ingdom of North iimheriand. 
 
 ill of the Ostro-Gothic kingdom, 
 fefth General Council at Constantinople. 
 
 :jlizariii8. — Justin II. 
 
 ivasion of the Lombards. 
 
 tingdom of East Anglia. 
 
 jiberius II. 
 
 faurice. 
 
 tingdom of Mercia. 
 
 [regory I. 
 
 inversion of Kent. 
 
 CENTURY 7th. 
 
 *hocas. 
 
 Ilahomet began to preach at Mecca, 
 "leraclius. 
 
 ■"light of Mahomet to Medina. 
 Mecca. 
 Lbu Bekr. 
 )mar. 
 ^ersia. 
 Ferusalem. 
 Llexandria. 
 yonstantine III. 
 >jn8tan8 II. 
 
 Tniversity of Cambridge. 
 )thman. 
 ;}-prus. 
 Ihodes. 
 ili. 
 
 )ynasty of Cm n i ades . 
 ^onstantine IV. 
 sixth General Council at Constantinople, 
 fustinian II. 
 jeontiiis. 
 
 CENTURY Stii. 
 
 l1 Walid. 
 istinian restored, 
 todrique. 
 fhilipicus* 
 
u 
 
 m 
 
 Mi 
 
 r ; 1 
 ■ '! ' 
 
 ill 
 
 i 
 
 «' 
 
 oo 
 
 KEY TO ZABAW METHOD. 
 
 Xeres. 
 
 Anastasiiis II. 
 
 Cxregory II, 
 
 Theodosius III. 
 
 Leo III the Izauriarr. 
 
 Kingdom of Asturia. 
 
 Iconoclasts at Constantino] do. 
 
 Bishop of Eome proclaimed chief magistrate. 
 
 Gregory III. 
 
 Defeat of the Saracens by Charles Martel at Tours. 
 
 Bede (historian). 
 
 Constantine V. 
 
 Dynasty of Abassides. 
 
 Pepin (Carlovingian dynast}) — Stephen. 
 
 Al Manasor. 
 
 Elevation of the Bishop of Home to temporal sovereignty. 
 
 Califate of Cordova. 
 
 Bagdad founded. . , ,. , 
 
 Carloman and Chai'les. 
 
 Charles alone. 
 
 Lombardy. ^ 
 
 Leo IV. 
 
 Constantin VI. 
 
 Haroun Al Eashid. 
 
 Invasion of the Danes — Council of Constantinople. 
 
 Koncevalles. 
 
 Irene. ' . 
 
 Frankfort. 
 
 Leo in. • 
 
 Charlemagne empire. 
 
 CEXTUEV yni. 
 
 Nicephorus. 
 
 Alcuin. 
 
 Michael. 
 
 LeoV. 
 
 Louis. "^ 
 
 Michael IT. 
 
 Union of Heptarchy under Egberts 
 
 Theophilus. 
 
 Ethelwolf. 
 
 Lothairc. 
 
 Michael III. 
 
 Kingdom of Poland under Piast. 
 
 Kingdom of Scotland under Kenneth — Ycrduni 
 
 Ethelbald. 
 
 Nicholabi 
 
 liemorl 
 :thelbe 
 Dthelrel 
 lasil. 
 dfred. 
 )efeat 
 ,eo VIJ 
 lismenl 
 )shek.' 
 harlesl 
 
 Ed ward! 
 lonstani 
 )uchy 
 tiemomi 
 
 Itenry 
 
 nvasi 
 
 Kdmui 
 
 Panut 
 
KEY TO ZABA 8 METHOD. 
 
 23 
 
 )ur.s. 
 
 ^vereigjitj'. 
 
 le, 
 
 jicniorit, 
 
 Ithelbert. 
 Bthelred. 
 Easil. 
 
 \lfred. 
 
 )efeat of the Daiie.s. 
 
 uQO VI. — University of Oxford. 
 
 lismemljerment of Charlemagne's Empire, 
 38hek. 
 larles Simple. 
 
 CENTUIIY lOTii. 
 
 Edward the Eider, 
 lonstantin VII. 
 
 hichy of N^ormandy founded by Hollo — Conrad. 
 Jiemomyst. 
 
 lenrj" I. * ' ■■ 
 
 tomanu8. 
 ^thelstan. 
 ">tho. 
 Sdmund. ' 
 
 Edred. 
 Cdwy. 
 FohnXII. 
 
 Wgar. — KomanuB II. > 
 
 yiieczyslaw. 
 
 "loman-German Emi)ire. • 
 [ieophorus II. "^ 
 
 conversion of Poland. '^ ' 
 
 Fohn Zimisces. ■ 
 
 >tho II. 
 Edward the Martyr, 
 "iasil and Conntantiii VIll. 
 Kthelred II. 
 
 :)thoIII. ■ 
 
 Louis V. 
 
 'apetian dynasty founded 1)}- Hugh Capet; 
 Conversion of Russia. 
 Joloslas the great. 
 Robert II. 
 
 (JENTUKY llTii. 
 
 floury II. 
 
 "invasion of the Danes. 
 Sdmund li-onside. 
 Canute the grout 
 
w 
 
 24 
 
 KEY TO ZABAS METHOD. 
 
 Illi ' 
 
 i 
 
 
 Conrad II. , 
 
 Mieczyslas II. 
 
 Romanus III. 
 
 Henry I. 
 
 Kasimir — Michael IV. 
 
 Harold. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Hardicanute. 
 
 Micha.;! V. 
 
 Edward the Conlesaor. — Constautin IX. 
 
 Thodora, (alone). 
 
 Henry IV. 
 
 Isaac Comneni. 
 
 Boleslas the bold. 
 
 Constantin X. 
 
 Philip I. . 
 
 Hastings. — William the Conqueror. 
 
 Constantin XI. 
 
 Romanus IV. 
 
 Michael VI. 
 
 Malek Shah. 
 
 Gregory VII. 
 
 Jerusalem. 
 
 Nicephorus III. 
 
 Ladislas Herman. 
 
 Alexis Comneni. 
 
 Urban II. . 
 
 William Rufiis. 
 
 Kingdom of Portugal under 1km Henrique. 
 
 Clermont. 
 
 First Crusade. 
 
 Jerusalem by Godfrey de lioiiilloii — Order of the Knights 
 
 of St. John founded. 
 Henry 1. 
 
 CENTURY 12Tn. 
 
 BoleshiH III. 
 
 Henry V. — Nornuuidy. 
 
 Louis VI. 
 
 John Comneni — Oi'der of the Knights Templar. 
 
 Concordat of Worms. 
 
 Lothaire. 
 
 Stephen. 
 
 Louis VII. — Manuscript of Justinian Pandecta found at 
 
 Amalphi. 
 Conrad III. 
 
 Plauu) 
 iSecoul 
 yredcj 
 Henrj 
 yiilanl 
 Const! 
 Baliulil 
 [reiani 
 ^lieczj 
 'hilii 
 [Andre 
 Isaac 
 iJerusil 
 iiiiehaj 
 Third 
 I ljef<he<| 
 ,i^ Aloxiii 
 Ir'hilipl 
 Innoeti 
 if John. 
 
 1-^ourtl 
 
 Ijatin 
 
 Henry 
 
 Otho': 
 
 .Vlbig< 
 
 Kredoi 
 
 Magni 
 
 Honn 
 
 J^'^lfth 
 
 Robe J 
 
 liouis 
 
 Louis 
 
 BoloB 
 
 Bald\ 
 
 Si.xth 
 
 Ku8«i 
 
 Uuua 
 
 Sovei 
 
 Conr 
 
 Rich 
 
 Khoi 
 
 Fall 
 
 Ravi 
 
 Gvi'f 
 
KEY TO /.ABA S METHor. 
 
 25 
 
 ptfauuel Comueni. 
 Jecoud Cru»udc — Bolcslas IV. 
 
 Frederick Barbarossa. ' ^ 
 
 [enry II. 
 
 iMilaii destroyed bv Frederick Barltavcssa. 
 .<;*onstitation of Clarendon. 
 Paladin. 
 J re land. 
 
 'lliec7A'slas the old. 
 Philip Augustus*. 
 
 IfVndronicus. . . 
 
 [saac AngeiuH. . • m ' , ' 
 
 LleriiHalcm— Kasiruir the just. 
 [iiicbard. - , . ^ 
 
 [Third Crusade under Eiehard and Philip— Henry TI. 
 Lesheck the white. 
 Alexius III. 
 I Philip. 
 Innocent III. 
 John. 
 
 I r.l 
 
 CENTURY laTii. 
 
 Fourth Crusade under Baldwin ol' Flanders. — Ladistlas. 
 
 Latin d^-nasty at Coubtantinople, Paidwin emperor. ^ 
 
 Ilenrv. 
 
 Otho'lV. , 
 
 Albigens^s (ponseculion). -nt i!>f.- '■ i, 
 
 Frederick U. 
 
 .Magna Charta. 
 
 Henry III. 
 
 Fifth CruHade und<*r (ho king of Himgnry Andrew — Peter, 
 
 Robert. 
 
 Louis VIII. 
 
 LouiH IX. 
 
 Boleslas the modeiil. • 
 
 Baldwin II. 
 
 Sixth Crusade. 
 
 Kuswia fallw under the yoke of the Tartars. 
 
 Hanseatic league — Ravages of the Tartars. 
 
 Seventh Cruwade under Louis* IX. 
 
 Conrad IV. 
 
 Richard, the Earl of Cornwall, 
 
 Rhenish league. 
 
 Fall of the Caliphate of Bagdad. ' " 
 
 Ravages of the Tartars. 
 
 (rvt'e^d^'nasty recover* Constantinople, Michael Pala?olog\iB, 
 
'•; HJ 
 
 V'i 
 
 ^1 
 
 i 
 
 P 
 
 '<«v TO zABA's mmot>. 
 
 Lewis. 
 First Parliament. 
 |^-ciiastCn..,e.„.,^^^^^ 
 
 Lcshock the black. ^ 
 p\^ ?^7,^«droniou.s: 
 
 ^ ^liip ly, 
 
 AdoIpbu8 of Ka,san. 
 
 ,., <''OTni{Y Urn. 
 
 "t^ -L'cwis or navfii'ii r/ i . 
 
 :PJiili|)y. ' '•. • , 
 
 Dante. 
 
 i>;'^^iaii, (SuHan). "'^ ' v ^u ' 
 
 Kd\vard UI 
 
 fetS:;;^^ - ^ -r. „„„,„.^. 
 
 ;'ohn Cantacu;5ene. ' ! 
 
 '^ionzi. 
 
 . /"H:m7 
 
 I rk *-» ,.. . - • 
 
 J/ 1 
 
 J«cqiione8. 
 ^»« I J rath I. 
 ^^'^Hii'les y. 
 Louis. 
 .^«trai'(-Ii, 
 Bocacio. 
 '^'ichard II. 
 
 j}m\ See rVtinns to Pomn w 
 
 •fndwicji 
 
 Wickiitr; 
 
kEV T« t zABa's -MEf not). 
 
 2t 
 
 *)ap,iellon'-< dynasty — Sempach. . 
 Jliajrtzet 
 
 ^lanuoh ( , . 
 
 ^foiiry IV. » 
 
 'haiiC'Ci' — l?npert. 
 
 CKXTURY ionu 
 
 lii'iutwakloii 
 
 li<^ismoii(l. 
 
 hleniy Y. 
 
 'omicil of Constanoo. 
 p\^'inc()Mi't — llnss. 
 
 iloi'omo of ]*rai>;ue. , 
 
 pladeii'a. 
 
 [Aimn'Uth 11, 
 
 iHcnrv VI.— Cliailos VII. ' " 
 
 j.Iohiril. 
 
 f.loaiinc of Arc. ,.. - \ ^ 
 
 Ladislas oi' Variia. 
 
 Albert. 
 
 Ki'oderick ML 
 
 Varna. 
 
 l*rintin<;'. 
 
 Kartimir. : 
 
 Constantin XII. 
 
 Tii-st Bible iM'inted, callod Mu/.arin'.s Bible, as it was To uid 
 in hi8 libi'arv. 
 
 Mahomet II. 
 
 Pall of the Eastern Kin]»ire. 
 
 St. Albans. 
 
 Waketield. 
 
 Kdvvard IV — Louis XI. 
 
 Ivan. 
 
 .lolin Fanst. 
 
 John (Juttenlterii". 
 
 Moseow shook oil' the yoke of the Tartar.«i. 
 
 Tewksbiiry. 
 
 KopernieuH l»orn. 
 
 h'irst book printed by Caxton on Ihe j^anie of (!hoss. 
 
 Tnion of Castile and Arai'-on unui'r I'Vi-dinand and Isabella. 
 
 .lohn II. 
 
 Uiehard III— Charles VIII. 
 
 JJosworth — Henry VII. 
 
 Cape of (rood Hope ro.mded by Captain Diaz. 
 
 Fall of (Jrenada — first discoveries l>y (Vdumbus- -Lorenzo 
 de Medici. — .lohn Albre(dit. 
 
 .Maxunili;m. 
 
 A / 
 
m 
 
 'V'. : \ 
 
 :' Ml 
 
 :^ 
 
 h^m 
 
 i'ViWtt 
 
 1 
 
 28 
 
 KEY TO ZABA S 3IEIH0D. 
 
 Emanuel — Imperial CLamLer. 
 ExpeditioB of Vaseo do Gama. 
 liOuis XII. » 
 
 N«wfoimdlaiKl l»v Cabot. * 
 Brazil. 
 
 (lONTURY IGth. 
 
 The Aulic Council. — Aloxamior. 
 
 Expedition of Vasco do Gama. 
 
 Columbus — Sigismond the Just. 
 
 Henry YIIl. 
 
 Goathe capital of Portuguese India. 
 
 Leo X. . , ,,: , 
 
 Francis I. 
 
 Chai'les I. 
 
 Luther preaches. , v 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Charles Y. 
 
 Soliman the Magnificent — Ikapliael. 
 
 Diet of Worms outlaws Lather — Jolin lit. 
 
 Camoens. i 
 
 Augsburg, confession, protectant confession of Faith. 
 
 Protestant league at Smalcald. 
 
 Reformation bv an Act of Pai'liainent. — Cariier. 
 
 Peru — Sir Thomas ifoore — Ut. Lawrence. 
 
 Fgnatius Loyola. 
 
 Pi/arro. . . / 
 
 Mary. 
 
 Copernicus. ,.: f • 
 
 Trent. 
 
 Luther. 
 
 Heruy II— Edward YI. 
 
 Zigismond Augustus. 
 
 Treaty of Passau favorable to Protestants. 
 
 Marv. 
 
 Philip. 
 
 Ferdinand. 
 
 Elizabeth. 
 
 Francis II. 
 
 Charles IX. 
 
 Maximilian II. — Shakspeare. 
 
 .lames VI. 
 
 Union of Lithuania with Poland. 
 
 Gregoiy XIII. — ^Massacre of St. BarthoUunfw. — C«mo*>ns' 
 
 Lusiada. 
 Elective monarirhy. 
 llenr}'^ III. 
 
 i 
 
 « 
 
 Jtodolp] 
 i^aritii 
 Clunoei 
 >rtugJ| 
 donds 
 )lonisi 
 igismt 
 liinadi 
 >nry 
 lictot 
 barter 1 
 
 M-ague. 
 
 Javigi 
 )liver 
 famai( 
 r>r. Hi 
 
 lA>OpO 
 
 rbarU 
 
 'ompi 
 
 ^^Iho-u 
 
REV to ZA6A ii irSTHOD. 
 
 29 
 
 'inio*>n8' 
 
 KoUolpli, Sfephen Batory. 
 Maritime expedition of Drako. 
 Cftraoens. 
 
 H'tugal. 
 
 I loiK tar reformed bv (jrreijorv Xll I. 
 _ )loni.sation of Virsfinia. 
 ^fflgii^mond in. 
 Aimada. 
 Henry IV. 
 
 lictof Nautes. 
 
 hartor gi-antcd to the East India Company. 
 
 OEXTUnY ITth. 
 
 imos I. 
 
 [irkholm. ' 
 
 )hn Zanioyski. 
 
 mndation of Quebec byCliamj^lain. 
 louirt XIII. — Hudson Bay. 
 fnetoriea ostabliKheil at Surat and Goa — Gustavua Adol- 
 
 phus. 
 
 [athias^ 
 
 [H'uasty of Romanof, Micliaoi. 
 Miakspeare — liaftin Hay. 
 Jiirtv years. 
 
 ''erdinand II. . ' 
 
 *rague. • ■ ' 
 
 fharlcs I. 
 
 Company of one hundred associates, 
 'etition of riglit. 
 kiUtzon — LadishiH Y\. 
 •'erdinand III. 
 L'ovenantti'H. 
 lladraH, Fort St. ({eoi"f,'e. 
 Loni^ Parliament — Indopeudance of Portu^s^al. 
 fTalileo--Civil war— Foundation of Montreal, 
 -.ouiw XIV. 
 larston M^r. 
 kVoistphalia — Kasimir. 
 Revolution. 
 Navigation act. 
 Miver Cromwell (protector), 
 
 amaica. 
 [>r. Harvey. 
 
 « 
 
 A>0|)0ld. 
 
 pbarles 11. 
 
 pompany of one hundred broUeli. 
 
f! 
 
 
 13 
 
 KEY T(» zaba's method. 
 
 Michael Koi'vKiit. - " 'j'l .''ii 
 
 The test act — CMidcim. . > !. \<l i*. . 
 
 .lolm Sobici^lvi — .loliii Milloii. 
 IMjiladclpliia. 
 
 ici^ia. 
 .lanie^s II — 'Revocation of the lulict of Xar»t<^s, 
 ExpulHiou of James II. 
 AViiiiaiu and ^[arv — Massacre at Lacliine. 
 lioyiie. ' ' 
 
 TIanovcr raised to tlie (liii'niry of KU'dorutt'. '"•' '' 
 Frederic Aiii;iist. 
 
 (Iiarles XII. , • ,.. . , 
 
 Calcutta, Tort Williain. ' ''' ' ' ^••' ' 
 
 i 
 CKXTrUV IStk. 
 
 Frederick I. takes the title ot'the Kinii; of Prussia. 
 
 Aime. ■ '^ '■ r ■«;-i iwi '■■■ V. ■ £ 
 
 Gibraltar — -St. Petei'shnrgh found(;d. .-.,...» 
 
 .losepli — Stanislas Lcszc/ivnski. 
 
 Charles VI. 
 
 Fredei'iidv Williain. 
 
 (reoi'ge I. 
 
 Louis X\\ 
 
 Peter takes the title of Finperoi 
 
 <Jeorge If — Sir Isaac New ton. • 
 
 Frederick Auiiustus III. 
 
 Succession War — Fi-ederick II. 
 
 Charles AMI. 
 
 Alexander Pope. 
 
 Civil — Fj'ancis 1. 
 
 Cullodeii. 
 
 (ii-egoriau Calendar inti-oduccili 
 
 I'lai'thquake at Li.shon. 
 
 Seven years. 
 
 I'pper and Lower Canada. 
 
 (Jeorge III. 
 
 Catherine II. 
 
 Canada ceded to (Jreat l>ril;iin ly the IrcHty of Paris. 
 
 Stanislaus Poniatow.ski. 
 
 
 ;-'-* M- 
 
 71X 
 
 .losejdi II. 
 Ikoyal Academy of Arts. 
 First j)artition. 
 Louis XVI. 
 American revolution. 
 Amei'icaii IndependeiH'c. 
 J-'rederick William 1 1. 
 
 
 ■>.= 'l 
 
KEY TO /AHA S MKTllOl). 
 
 31 
 
 New South Wales. 
 W.'Lshington — Kevoliition. 
 
 5opolcl II. 
 
 )nhtitiitioii ol'thoMi'd of May — rroviiiec of Quelicc divided 
 
 into Uppei 
 
 and Lower Cfiiinda, 
 
 public — FraiK'ix II. 
 H'oiul partition. 
 
 ird partition — Don John W. 
 ml. 
 
 k'deric'k William JJl — Trinidad, 
 ilc — Deposition of Pope i'ius VI. 
 a8hin.ij;ton. 
 altn— Pius A'll. 
 
 (AE^'i;UPY IOtii. 
 
 [icxander. 
 oneordat. 
 
 apolcoTi (emperor), 
 rafalgar. 
 
 erman Empire takes tJie name of the Austrian Em|)irc- 
 Capc of Good Hope, 
 light of Don John to Bi'azil. 
 .oiiis XVIII— Pius VIL 
 \iterl(X). 
 
 loorgc 
 
 IV 
 
 ituru of Don John to Portugal 
 Jharles X — Pyron. 
 
 as. 
 
 licol 
 
 . ovarino. 
 
 ouis Philippe — AVilliaiii J V — Ivevolution in Poland, 
 he PeformBill. 
 [)onna Maria. 
 
 ■dinand IV 
 
 'er 
 
 ietoria. 
 
 'rederick William IV. 
 
 'rijicc of AV'ales — Union of the two(^tnada». 
 
 Mus IX 
 
 ^x}>ulsion of Louis Phillippe — Pejiublie — Franeis* Jo:-eph, 
 
 Exhibition — Coup d'etat. 
 I2nd Empii'e. 
 iDon Pedro. 
 
 'oronation olf^5^1.oKlfin?lei, 1 1. 
 
 Don I 
 
 Al}/.. 
 
 ixhibition 
 ouncil at 
 usso- 
 
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 • »• 
 
 iPr 
 Rxhi 
 
 Ri 
 
 ■f>H|iii^i|on of Uanada 
 
 '^m 
 
 •>!/ 
 
 erfnun ♦fimjJi 
 
 vl\ 
 
 ihuion 1 
 
 nV 
 
 • • • . 
 
 lemia.