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<iiif.*»,J-,SJUM«teli!)«14fl|i^l?W „ 
 
MQTpe 
 
 I'ARiJAeTARY DIVORCE 1\' CA^Ilir, , 
 
 A l>l:irFSKKT( THK ],^"\ :V!. |T; 
 
 <..j . /\ 
 
 >r 
 
 SfTTTfT-'W*' ; 
 
NOTES 
 
 PARLlilllENTAHY IJIVOBGE 
 
 M 
 
 i\.' 
 
 ^ U 
 
 ANADA 
 
 i;i i\, 
 
 A liKIHKH^F/IT'll on UK L.\U AND [MiOi'KliL'KK 
 
 Jie/'untid fnhi the Coun.Uan I.rrw I'ini, . , /' ,!/, 
 
 arc'K I 
 
 SSS' 
 
 ^ - -A.. C3-Eivi:i\d:iii,ij 
 
 nvKNM-;r!:R \t-I,a\v, Oij vu \. 
 
 crr.vv A : 
 
 1/!.X I'kIMIN.; AM) l'll,I ISHi\(, Co.. -, ( MlTCAI.Fj; bi, 
 
 I.SS8. 
 
l'.\KIJ.\.\li;\TAI!VI)l\()H(:i:|.\c\XA|)A. 
 
 (K-MTi||„-( Mlial.:.!, I.. r„„,, .M.,r,i,_ ,^;..^ 
 
 IN HoMvirrsLaw Dictionary. (J,,, wonl Divom.- is .lofjn.ul 
 
 L as -thr .lissolntion ..,■ ,,,,ti»l Mhspcnsior, l,v l,.\v ..f tlu- 
 
 .muria.^^. ,vlaii<.„ Tl... .lissolutio,, ,s t...,,...! -livun ,• fVo,,. tl.- 
 
 '"""' "<"".af,ri.nu;,v : ., i„ <,].. Luf,,, fonn of tl..- ..xi.,v..io„ a 
 'unciUn malr.Mnnu; the susprnsiun, , lis, .,•,-.. from Im.,| a„<l 
 iHmnl. ,; lurn.,, ./ //.>,o. Thr for....... .livonv ,.uts .„ ,.,,,1 t<, th. 
 
 iiiarna;,'.' : tli., latirr l,.av.>s it in full i\.rc.-." 
 
 Z>A,;u/r' hi I'Jm/lan.l Prior f,. |SoS. ju,'is.|i..tion ,.. .(issoN'., 
 iuamair,, was „o( .nt nist.vl to any ..nlinarv Court ol" .lustir.. 
 I.ut resorvc.l to tin- Lc,islattirr. An attempt was n.a.l.- in ilu- 
 'v.^n, of Qu-.n Kli/al.cth, by tl.e KcdfsiasticaK Van-ts, to nsuq* 
 suel. jurisdiction, an. I so,,... (hvn... of .Hvorfc ri f'iH<v//o 77w^;•^- 
 //I07r// wen- j.ronounc.l. but tl... Star Clianil.cr int.ctVn.l an.l 
 ^to|.p<Ml <h.- [.ractic... Tl... theory on which th.-sc Courts s.-om 
 to hav.. |.ro.-,..-|,.,| in inakin..- sn.-h .l.-cr-M-s was, that sincv the 
 h'.'f'.ni.atlon niarrianv ha.j r^x.v^l to h,. ,„,.. (,f (h,. Sa.-ra..,..nts 
 "'■ f'"' ''l""vh. ;n..I th.ivr,,n., that ih.. .•ond-a.r h-twci, th.. 
 parti<.s .'oul.l hi. .Iiss,.lv...l npu„ l„,.ach .,f fhr pro.i.is.. up,,,, 
 which th.. contract iv.-t,.M|. H<.wc\vj- this may h... thr Kclcsins- 
 ii-al C..urt.s <l..sist.' 1 imm tl... cxcj-cis.v ol' this nuvcl juris.HctioM. 
 Tho conseiiucncc was, that n..ju.lieial trilnmal coul.l .,mv.; con.- 
 l-l.-t.. iv,hvss for th.. oreatest matrimonial ^n-icvancc and s.) tho 
 ].ractic.. at h.noth sprun^r upof obtainin.txpiivat.> Acts of Par- 
 liament tu r.'h.ase parti.s a rlmtvU matriniomi, an.l to enable 
 th.MM t,o n.a.ry aoaiii. \n pro-.-ss of time, ())..|..,s w.ic n.a.l.. by 
 Pnrliai.H.nt (o r..^oila.f th-. i.a.ssa,<(e of such Hills, and to ^dvc to 
 
 !"■'"• 'i";,^^"" them a j.i.Iicial and imjuisit.^iial charact'^T 07;. 
 
 Th.. m.-a.Mnv ,,r ,clirr wa.. a c.)stly .ae, available only to 
 <h.. w..althi..|' ;n.-mi...,s ,,}' society. Hou.-e I'arliam..nt' eu- 
 'leavo.nv.l I,- .ivat.. a ( '..urt ..f .Justice wh.-r.' all .u;<.,r.s 
 "li-ht .,htain .-ompl.'t.. iv.lress 'inv matrim..nial wn.n.rs. 
 
 "') l'rittlinid\ I)i\oic(' Pi;ic ice l^^Tl. 
 
r.\ui-i.\Mi.s T .r.\ i»iv()i(( i: in <'\sai>\. 
 
 nii'l ;il ;i 'knI witliili r. Jirli nl" «\.|i ( l.lr liUlllMiT flusMS fi 
 
 sofictv. Tlh' I'.siilt s\!is, tlic ('(.iistiditiou 111 ISoh, of' the (,\)Urt 
 "f hivoit-v iin'l Miitriiiitini.il ( ',m'<<">. I'ow.i- wns ^ivtii iliit, tri- 
 liiiiial ill ctMtiiin rases, titiil I'oi ciitaiii s|>i cific rciisoiis. Jo j^nvnt 
 Ji »ii>\i>ic<' .'inil dissolntioii of till' iiiiirria;^!' ti". aii'l liy flc .lti(iic;i 
 tJin; Aft tli;it iniis'lictioii Im- imw Iti'cniiii' vcstnl in ili.' Hii,'ii 
 < 'oiirt <>t' .ln>ticr, !unl is a'liiiliiistcrt'*! in iIk- I'ii'IuU'' anil |)i\t>rtf 
 l>i\isiuM. 'I'lic «iM Kffl«'>>ijisli(Ml ini'Is.lictiwn, cxerjii. in icspcr' 
 ti' inaiTJaj^f.' liccnst's. now vr>ts in (In- aluA'c 1 )i\ i'-inn; tlicivl'nri' 
 tlir juris<ii('ti<»n <>t' tin- l)i\isions. wIi'Ti- (•>faMi>-lM'tI. is soli- and 
 conijth'tf in al! uiathTS ii.'latin;.'- t«» niaj i-iaLji'. VVIial tlinsr 
 matters art*, u\n^ \»' i^'atiuTcil IVom ih ■ Act itstll". Tiny mv (i) 
 .suits l'(ir (Ijssolni ii>n <•!" iiiariMai;c, l'(ii'nn'i-|y divoriM; <t I'lucah) 
 iit'iti'imonu: (ii) nnility of ninrriairi'; (iii; jiiilicial srjtui-atlon. 
 ronmrK' ilivorii- a ///.'' //..sa <7 tlmro: <i\ i-tstitMHun d' cnnjiiLjal 
 i-i;^'Iits; ami (V ) jactitation <<[ niairiauf. Tli'- hivislon lias ai-f 
 I'lrtiii-r juiI^ilii-tiiiM. crcatfil liy tlic altnvr an. I <'\lfn<li'(| liy sui, 
 s( (punt anHMvlinj^^ Acts, in n-jation ti> otliii' matters, juisiniLC <ait 
 of lip' altovo )»i'<x'i'c«ru)irs or iiu'itlontal to (hi'in. Tlirsi' aif as 
 follows: — (vi) alimony in n'rtain eases; (\ ii ) cnstoiy < I" chiMn'n : 
 vviii.i the ap))lication of ilama;jfcs roeovfre i tVoin .•in alulli-rei- 
 (ix) the settlement oi' the la-oporty of tlir parties: (x; the pn ■ 
 t<-eti«*n of thf wife's property in ecitain eases; an<l ixi) the n>- 
 \'ersal ol' till' ilceree (if jndieial .•^<'parati(tn, unil th"ili'eree ///'.*>■/ fui- 
 a dixori". .mil a 'similar decree ol' nullity of marriaL,'e {h\ 
 
 V\u Aets apply to Kn^dan«J exclusively; tin i-efore the 
 House of Ijords has still jurisdiction over cases in inlia.. Iivland, 
 iviid otht-r eoUTitri(.'s heyond i lie jurisdiction of tlie ('ourt (c) 
 
 Divorce hi UiiiKtila. — 'I ln' l'ai_;!ish jiraetiee oi' Ji'^^islatinL,' fi«i' 
 i^u-h p!>itieulav (••Hf was lii-st cstaltlished m l'p])er Canada in 
 |S4(). a\1m n a liill was ]iassed hy tlio legislature for the rehet" r,\' 
 .lohn .-^tuart. whose Avife iiad ilojicd and eonnnitted adulteiy (</). 
 l)ui 'i^ the next i wiii1y-se\(;n years, only three such divorce 
 hiils \\r!i' ])ass(i1 i>y the liCi^nslature of the Province of Canada (c^ 
 
 <li) V/'i <•..'( I'll I'i-. I, ice, t'l'. - -• 
 (< ) Muti. p. TGT. 
 (.i) 3 Vict. (!'ip, TI 
 
lasses i'\ 
 In' ( \)Urt 
 X lli:it tri- 
 , U) p'unt 
 hv .liulicn • 
 llw lligli 
 
 It I |)iv»)lTt' 
 
 ; n- pi (•• 
 '; rt't'of'' 
 
 is s«)li' niitl 
 \ml thosi 
 hoy iir*' (i ; 
 (I rii)cah) 
 . I'aJ'.-'vtluu. 
 if coujui^n! 
 Ill li;i- al-i' 
 
 |('(| liv Mil' 
 
 uii-ini; <nii 
 .u.^S(.' iiro as 
 of children ; 
 1 ii'luU'Tor. 
 A, I hi' |)r< - 
 (xi) tilt.' rc- 
 crce // '>••( i'l-r 
 • dr. 
 
 uiuiorv ilic 
 
 I llM,. I IV -la IK I 
 
 "oiirt ('■) 
 
 L^-islatiii!^ f<»i' 
 V i ' Minia ill 
 tht.' ivlit't' ' I 
 adultiiT \^i/) 
 such (livoK-c 
 of Camula (c; 
 
 i'\iu.iami:nt.\uv invoun: in .anaoa. 
 
 '" ''' -IlKlrihiiti,, ,, 4ativ.« power, th.r lintisl. .N,..ih 
 
 ^ ""■'■''■■' ^ •>!. (-nnr.nv.l upon tlie Parliament .T 
 
 ■inada oxeln .•;isjative auth-nh- inrdafioi, t, Mmv,.; 
 
 "i '^ Thai -section nius , 
 
 ^ '. .. 'lerohy nil ).■ .;, , .;; , 
 
 i'mvine.'. . f ( Viuvln, Nova Scotia ai, iJniii.svic! 
 
 ' '"■ ' ' ^vil an-1 criminal jiiris.llctinh 
 
 ''"K *''' 'ioii. V, . .>n+Jrnie(l in ..iiHi 1 ; , , 
 
 fl*e Union iiu! Ih,.!! rnn.l,.' .Ti:,! 
 
 ■'»ns of tli \ 
 
 ijit. ill I'j 
 ■ , id 
 
 t.' I 
 
 land 
 
 and I 
 
 ' 'spccCi . 
 . K; ex>. 
 
 ' '"''da )i'i ; ,, , ...a. d contml in the mau.-i' <.i n: 
 . .' .1 Scotirt, New lirunswick, I'rince Ed . 
 I llriti.sji ( '.hii.,!,::, T" these Provinces tl' :• 
 
 '^ <''*' ^ ■•• "1" Divorce, and tliej -nn •■ ui 
 
 their fir. ,. With the excepti<" -^ f^' 
 fJ.'V iijj..;.- to hax- l'"-n modellci uii-t ,' 
 ; !);>., ,;..,. anil AIiJM,. ..,.iul Causes, asid tlif |i :,. 
 
 . vi.it Court is followed as closclv asCir 
 ' ' ' "r'M't K iwai'd Island, a Court ..f .livav 'u;i': 
 
 ' ,.,-hi d i.-. far hack as 18'iti. 
 ■ 'ii'ivj Divorce.— ^IxQVQ. hAwr no Divoi-co Cuurt in 
 ler of tho Dontiiiion, cninprising Oiitarit', (}\\ ' 
 ' niv\ the Northwest Territories, recourse for relii'i' iuu>i 
 '"■-• t.aa Lo the Parlinmont of Canaila. The Journals of i\ui U'^- 
 '^''' ' '■;;!• ''a.'iadtt^tho Provin " « ' uada, and tin 
 
 - ' !. .show repciited unsuccessful att>.-iiipls to reinovi' from 
 
 '. ^;i.slature the duty of dissolving tho marriage, tie, hut th.- 
 ' ws of a large portion of the legislators on th- 
 ! ' ' of tho marriage contract I ' ■ • 
 
 oi>.sLucie, and it is no doubt out of (Kd'cJonct,- to such rtdiuiuu.> 
 scruples that tho Pj-otostant 1; not i)r'->'d moi"(»nr"-entl' 
 t!ie I stablishnir:i' ^■■' \ ■■•■!. 
 
 ki . I'a.lln'i- curious Ih; *' !', \'.\> : <^U(h.'C tin' . 4" 
 
 til'' i/o)iiinion from which comi . tii ■ most vigorous oppositi m t > 
 div(acr -should he reall , 'vance of Ontario. Maiiitohji 
 
 1\ 
 
 iJc,' I 
 
 M . . : 
 
6 
 
 CVHI.IAMK ^ rMt> I'Mtilli'K IN r,\NA»»A, 
 
 M»t! NurLliv\«'.-^i r< riifiirii'S m iIm iii;;ttii <>[' ncih'itiKMtiiil n-liol". 
 Th Tixjih ")■ tlint rp.vitx'c Iuim- luii^' ln't'ii nM'' to Lri-iiiit u 
 ft*'l>'initt(m il' rvjrp', . tlic (M|iiivi\l(iif of u in<liciul scjwiniticii 
 iiiulor till- Knurlisli Divorci- < 'tuirt practicf, A;^'iiin wr titxl li\ 
 Articlr Iirol'tiir (*:vil ( 'otl*'. t Imt flir < 'niirts linvc jiow.r fo 
 
 ; iiiml n iiiiiiTia::* 'I'" '-'roiiiid ol" iiiij).>ti'iu'y "' Impotfiicy. 
 
 nutuial Ml' m'{'l<ltiital. txislin;( at tiir titiir <>r \]\r iii:irriui,'< , 
 ivijtU'rs it null; I'lit only it' sudi inipittiiH-y in' appan-iit. aii'i 
 iMunii'i'sl. Till- niiility niiinot lio iuvoU-"! Iiy uiiy one Imt. thf 
 j>arty win' lias confract-fd with the iinpitcnt ]>• rs(»n ( /). 
 
 Tlici-.' i^ ii<> law wliifli ilftint's tlio ^anmifl up«»n v.jnrii j»ar- 
 liann iitarv tlivtuvcs may lie irivint<'tl. lait tic iiii|nvssi(»ii lia>i 
 prcvuilri! tfiat while tliiTc is iii> limitation to tin- pn\s'rr el' 
 Parliament to irmnt divoees for aiiv (.'ause, it will not jrive etl'ect 
 to any applicat-ions ('xc.ept upon the ^ii>nnd of adultery — the 
 ^olo <rro»iud recoefni/.ed liy the Parliatnetifc of the rnit. d Kin*r- 
 dom ttefore the ostahlislimeni of the < 'oui't in IS';N 'I'hi-^ has 
 1«mI to a eireuit()U>! method' of ohtuiiiint,' relief lu i\ni Stetrnson 
 ( liS(iI>) case, wliich was really an a]tj»li(';ition to nullify a mar- 
 riai;t'. In thai case the petitioner, whvu only seventeen 
 years ttf age, was ijiveij^lcd irito tlie ceremony. The mari'iap' 
 was not consumtuated hy colwiliitati<.>n — th'- parties separatin«,^ 
 imniediatoly after the marriarje ceremonv — vet in onler to ohtain 
 relief, the oKl ])riuciple that fclie hill must directly cliari,^! adiil- 
 t«'ry ha<l to tie maintained, and the woman havlnij married a<^oun, 
 was i')'ande<l as an adulteress. 
 
 In the Ash ;ind LaiiH eases in !.S>S7, which were really 
 applications to iiullifv marriaL,'es, tiie fortiK'i- hein^au aiiplication 
 ti> ilf'reriaiue the validit\- of a, IVaei'rn decree <lissolvin': a (^au- 
 adian laairia^j^e and thf latter an a,p])Ii('ation to dissolve a 
 uiarria<»-e performed ;is a j'>ke under false names, M!id of which 
 there had iieeu no coTisunuuation Ly coiial'itation. tiie notices of 
 apjOicatioii, the petitioris an<l the ]>reamhles to the hills, wliile 
 settini; out these fncts. and a,skin<j; for i-elief askecl in the alt«-r- 
 native foi- hills of <iivoivr on the i/round of a«lulterv. This 
 
 I 
 I 
 
 (f) iJirion V. L''u,,i,t 17 !,.(■ .!,ir. ;J . ; /, ( <.,•,,• V. /ln/i<(»iV'ni//, 11 I,. C. .lur. 53; Linuecin 
 V. IJnrnttr. 4 Uev, liBfT. V>». 
 
l'AKI.TAMKNT\lt\ I l\ M. I 
 
 \S \l»\ 
 
 I 
 
 i 
 S 
 
 fl 
 
 'I' "'I'' ''' •"•'"'"" iii't'l'l I'l liui|i!" , iml \vi( llStaililiJli^ tiif iiiCt 
 
 .:..it. tlu;i->' had ' Ill a(lult«ry, |.r..v. .1 >,, vluukin;; in the i^ood 
 
 f'.'. Iini,'^ ((f luui.j in. lulK-rx ol' liuth ll<»usi's ilmf I'arlinnunt in 
 
 ''' ■ ' " ' '' '' ■;■»••• MT1.I uul'fttri'i'.l jH.w iliiiinat"! 
 
 )i"... i.. j.i. M..M iii- xiiU «lin'('tl_y cliar^'in;; .uuiib-rv ainl 
 ■I Miil(lt!il ill • ' ■" ill JiccoiHlaiK't wifl, thu usct'i-taitifil t'arU 
 
 '" '•"''' ' I tliat I'ai'liditU'nt woiiM only tulluw th" 
 
 praoticr of tin* Knjflisli I'ailiam. nt- in jLCiiin'ini,' Itills .f «livnr«T« 
 ■coived a widt-r intci'pivtatioii. la the Ash ci'^. tin' Minisu-r 
 1 .Iii4ii-' iin ••niincnt jurist, statf.l that he inidiTstood thf i»iiri- 
 ' \>U' to lif that hills of «livon-i 'aouIiI Im* ^ninti><l upon thf sani*- 
 ' \ i<louct' and undrr th*- same eircuuistancfH as ji pjdicationK wouhi 
 l'<- L-nintt'd b' fore the judicial tiihuual in tin iii..tli.i '■.iniiry 
 which h.'K JMi-isdictioii over such a suhjcct. 
 
 I'l I hi. dch;t'<- '. ihi Lai-<tl case, Senator tJo\\;»n. ids<» jtu 
 'iMincnl jjfWv'isX took tip- l.io.i.lrr ;^'round that P;irlianicnt is 
 ^uprcuio in its power, the cusiodinn o|* tin- morals und well heiiig 
 of society ; the niaker'jiot the cj-poiuidat' of the law is, in short, 
 the highest trihunal in the land— the Hitdi Conrl oF l^irlianieTU. 
 an<I as such is ii«)t. utmI can not he homid hy any rule, law or 
 jnithority in thernea''ure or extent of the reli.f it may i;rap* 
 'i'his view, no doiihi, lari^ely contrilaited to the uiouldini:^ of tl>e 
 I'dls in tle-.-^e two (••-•■■-■ to meet the actna! faef^;. 
 
 i'lie marriaj^e c»'reui<'ny, the domieil of tlie parties. :ind the 
 /ocf'.'>' delicti or the place where tlieinat; imonini ottineo foi- 
 whi( h jeii( f is sought, was committe<i, arc nil incidents more or 
 less material in the tii-st instance to every apjilication for rjis- 
 solution of marriai^e (//). 
 
 By the H. X, A. Act, L%7, .sec. !)2, the power of making' law.-^ 
 re.s])ecting the solenuiization of marriage Ls conferred exclusively 
 upon the Provincial Legislatures. In some of the Piovinces of 
 Oao Dominion, Justice.s of the Peace are, with the resident elergj- 
 <>\' any d(>nominati<a), emp«)Were(l to c<dehrate the marriage cere- 
 mony, hut as a rule the ceremony i.s performed hy the (derg5% 
 and tiiis Avhih' tending to throw aroujid the maniiige tie a halo 
 
 U,).U 
 
 l.fO/1, p 
 
r.Mil.l AMKNTAKV lUNOi;- T, 1 X CVNAl'A. 
 
 oF s.irivihirss, scfunvs ii .-.y-.Uin oL" ro^i^tratitui valu.'vltlr as evi- 
 • Iciici.', as all cloro:yin«ii arc r('(iuirr<l I-y tl.r laws of tlit'ir I'rov- 
 iiiros to make ajumal rclun:> i>\' inarriarics fclci.rairl liy tlniu 
 to llic provincial antli<.»ritirs. In ilic i'i(»\inr(! of Quelioc. 
 iiiaiTian;»M aro ref]julatcMl l>y tlx- ('i\ll Co<l(> <»t" ]j<>\\vv ( 'aiiada, Imt 
 their v'ristratioTi is rcnilati'd l.y statute. 
 
 Ill a ii'-\v t.'ouutr\ liiv.- i '.tii.i-la, many "T its iuhaJtitauts liav.' 
 Im'cu inan-i<'cl in other laii<is, a?i<l in ros|.cci ol.' tlusc l^arliaiat-nr 
 mu.4. ))" n"aM)nal.ly satistio<l that tho law of tlic <>. -.-.iv,- ^^■]■.,^^.■ 
 tiic luarriagv took place has Ix'cn coinpli'''! uith 
 
 Tlio principal incitK'iit iuH*('s>ai\- i' a, valitj iuarria;4v 
 tlio pai-tics Blioiihl he capaliie. .Ml persons are cniui.eUii'w : ■ 
 many unless th.eylahournuiler certain disal»iliti"s. su'-li as In-ini;- 
 already married, or oC nusouH«lne'<s of iniml {/;. in Kn^L^dand, 
 minors or p. 21 ymtrsof ao-c reipnre tin . ,nscnt ni" 
 
 th-'ir father nardians, hut sueh is not the I'ulc in (.'anada. 
 
 as evidenced by ll ready referred ; Tli,- 
 
 IS within the prohihited (k'grees ni eoiisan 
 imputeil hy the civil law, is also lield tu 1" 
 
 between 
 ier. hotli as to pi.'-t and future 
 i in ( 'anada l>y an Act removing' all restric 
 . ■ ' ! , arriai: 
 celebrated after puhlicatinn i>f hunns or upon certitieate oi lieeu>e 
 issued under t : .1 . hr 
 
 DoDiit^'d (>r kaw ' i' 
 
 Dundcil, lS7n, I Vol' I ral prii; 
 
 eiple with respect 
 
 ' llule 40. durisdictimis in matters of «livor(!i ilepeui 
 general upon the donncil of the parties to a mai-riage at the tiii, 
 of cnuimcncement of proceedings for divorce. Henc, in o-enend 
 
 i\ A Divorce Court of any com. i' \. here sv.eh v."rti- 
 tJnMi led jias jurisdiction to di-solve their ni 
 
 rclationshi]' 
 guinl' 
 I disahii 
 ;i man and hi. 
 ma,rriages, Ava.^ 
 tions I ' 
 
 
■A i, !.''." ■ / 1, . iM\ ■ >K»;i. 
 
 •ir !'io\- 
 iiy tluiii 
 
 ladn, I'Ut 
 
 iits i,a\'.' 
 rliaiat-nt 
 
 i- w!:(M, 
 
 as Ix'iii^' 
 
 .nsciit of 
 Cnnada. 
 
 L cuiisaii- 
 id IVilUlc 
 
 II rcsti'io 
 mi; ' 
 
 M;. 
 
 ■J I. Xt) (.'uurt of anv otiior couiitrv has \\v 
 Their iii;\iTiap^e." 
 
 'Ill" tr'tMiv of domleil ami tlic uvaw 
 I in tin- followlnL;' riilt': 
 
 , • !. 'I'll*.' tloiiiic'U of any iili.-. 
 y>\: couniry wliicli is, in fact, his pcnuai- n: 
 cascH tho place or ciaiutiy which, whctliir "' 
 or iMvt-, i . ilcttTiuincil to be liis h •■■; ' •• • 
 
 li.ui(> A (loiuicjl oil!'- 
 
 (•han;;o(l,(i) in (he case of an iiMh'p'.'U'ii-n: 
 (!) in the case of a (l<']»('n<!i.'nt [)C'i' 
 whoju h'' is Jcpondenl. 
 
 llul' "--. Kvd'v Ji. \ .... 
 «'ith<-'i' >>. ,:..' {loniici! •,■■•••''■'! ■> ■ ' 
 whicli is called tho dosi . . . : 
 lite suni<» as his doiuicil of ori :'■ 
 
 l^(■n■^■"nf 1>',' his .-.■■^ 
 
 •n \h ' 
 
 .\- \\ ■!.•! n- 1 1 
 
 [iL-ndi 
 '/hoit'o hy the (.■omlMnation ol 
 [•oriiian'Si il'^ilnito • 
 
 othen\ i ' . 
 
 ::ulc V.\. Tl, 
 I IV ivii-ans (if citlKT 
 
 I'al \>y.\\ 
 
 [aaids :ii 
 
 the tini ■ 
 
 n o-oiicrid, 
 
 »rtit's .•:'! 
 
 Ivu! ■ i . A pej'son'.-i tirt'-^.'nci' in the ('(amtr, 
 'vi'h'^n.'o of floniiri'. 
 
 OlI ;i . I-..- (■•■>'■ I K> i-.iiii^'. 11 'I' (M 
 
 _;, \ en country. Iso is'pivsunicd ■•• i' • '.:■ 
 chiuim', <o i'<'tn,in sucji dotnicil. 
 
 Kuk- It;. Any circumstance may l-o proo'; 
 
 dondc'i v.h.irh is cvi'!'"nri* c'ther of tl-e ix't'son's i% 
 
 ornf i, ;.:.>.'ntiqn . i ; ■ perm :!y f't? 
 
 W-- • 1 .r.rtind.nj' ((jiiid rv. 
 
 ■ 
 
I'AUl.rAMI NTAUY IMNulUi: IN I'ANADA. 
 
 fvidt'iii'i.' <i|' (loiiiKil wlu'ii the iiatui't' t>i' tlit- rcsidcMCr is iiuM)!i- 
 sistont with, or rebuts (ho presiiniptiMii of. the exHtciU'.' ol' uii 
 intontiMn In rt's'ulc then' (nuimus iwinrrili)'^ (/;. 
 
 Thf liiw (if <lomieii, as well as 1 
 
 It' < 
 
 li. 
 
 M utereo o 
 
 f 
 
 t..rr;j^-ii ( o'Ut. (lissolvin^f a, marriai^o wliich \i:\'\ (ak<n plaet; in 
 t'ana<Ia. was th(»rouc^hly (liseussnd in the A><h case. The lacl" 
 
 il ih- »-asc wel'i- 
 
 as 
 
 i'oUvJAVi 
 
 M 
 
 aiir.'iii iiiairi»( 
 
 I Sn- 
 
 ail 
 
 Asl 
 
 1 m 
 
 Kingston, Ontaii'i, in hSGS. slio lived with him there for six 
 vvi'ok'^, and tlien left with his consent to visit Iier fatiier i)) 
 Montreal. On her return six weeks latei- she found his properly 
 liad been sold, and ho had j];Iven up housokoepini^. She i-esidcd 
 with him at liis Ix.ardinjj;' house but Jiis intinipi-iMte luibits 
 r*-ndered life witli him intohn'altle. so she left him shortly itftcr- 
 vard'-. thi^ lime without his consent, and rctnmcd to liei* 
 tatlu'rs n\ Montieal, where siie hail since continuously resided. 
 Manton went to the Statos, and in 1S7 1, obtained from tlie 
 (.'ourt of Massaehusf.'tts a decnv of divorce from Susan A-.]t, on 
 tile i^i'ound that she had de.serteii his iioiur. Tli'.-i-e was no evi- 
 
 ' ''U tf his resideniv; tliere other than the jeeital in tie.' decree, 
 
 whicfi. lieitijr j)ut in evidence in the ap.plictation to l*arliament. 
 recited that for the perioil of five consecutive yrar^ precedinu' 
 the time of liis appIi<!ation to the Massachusetts C'ourt, Manton 
 'i.i i M^^ided in Bo-;ton. On :Jrd Sept.. ]fS74. Manton marrie<l 
 ; _anwjt StiriiiJir. Ontario, a woman named llatidi. and they 
 !vmoved ; t on,' t<t Boston, remaine<l there liviay; a,s husband 
 and wife, Jtnd ha<l a family. Susan v\sh fouu led her application 
 upon this decree of divorce. allcLjing that tht decree Iteinsjj for a 
 cause not recoiruized in C'anatla. the decree was null, and there- 
 fore the second marriat^'e bii,nimou.s. The Mini.-rer of Justice, in 
 a lenjrthy and lucid speech, expressed the opinion tliat Manton 
 had no d.oniicil in Mas.sachn.Shctts because the evidence in the 
 (Uh; did not sliow that Manton IwKi been tiicre otherwise tlian 
 UH a citizen of (.'anada, prior to the <late of tlh' decree, or that h.- 
 
 »;) ni'>!j ., l,a* .if liomicil, up. ;!. '.». The londiiK? eiiPc" ou domiuil arr Iiro„h- wltrook, 
 ;t il. L. Cus. l'j;j; SolUmuiifr v. Ih Ihirrm, ;t V D, 1,5; ,si,/i„nin v. M.iiU, 2 S w. « Tr. fiT ; 
 Dahi/mvh V. Daltympl,. L' IlinrR. «'. .M ; fin v. I'Ut, 4 Miu-iuotMi II. L. Cujies, fi27: X'ui- 
 .'.t.«.Mr: V. McD'mfl/, V C. A F. M7: //.irr.V V. Farnic, I,. 11. S App. Ca. iO. IhAphin v. 
 AU./u, 7 U. L. Canes 300; Shuw v. Aifornrv-Grmml, L. R. 2 1'. A 1). 15(); Nibovt y 
 Nlt.<:i>fi. •» p. n. 1. 
 
I'xrn I AMiiNi'Aiiv )>iviii!ci; i\ ( iNada. 
 
 11 
 
 }i;i<l ;i lioiiic tlici'c, or that lir was thrro for anythin;^ but Iht 
 :ii])orary pnrposo of olitainiiiL'" a «livor('c while there was a 
 presumption to tl)e coiitiviry from the fact of his liaviiij; r-esidcl in 
 Kin'jjston a iiiaj-riefl man, air I of his ha\-in<^ contracted a second 
 iiiirriap' at Stirlin;L? ^ooji after th'> date of the decree. He 
 further contended tliat the recital in tlie decree of a residence 
 ol tivf yeais was no evidence of ac(piisiti(ni of a domicil, because 
 the decree itsidf w.is vabieless until it had been ascertain" 1 that 
 tlie ( 'ourt hii. 1 jurisiliction over the subject matter and tlie [tersoii. 
 Tiif mere alIeL,'ation in a dei'ree that the Court h.ns jurisdicHon 
 is insufficient. The princi])les dfMbiced froiu liis arjjjument imd 
 the a,uthoiMties eited v/en^ : — 
 
 » 
 
 I That iii'fi.ire any foreit^n tribunal eui alter tlic marriaj^e 
 .'.■</,',a.'- Jiiid dissolve the mai-riai^e <^f persons married in Canada. 
 wlio a]^ply for that I'clief, tl\e ajipb'cant must have been domi- 
 clh.'d or have a- horia /idc residenc(; in that country in order to 
 entitle tlie di\"r.-" to rt'cognition i)i (Janada 
 
 'J, '^riiat with ;iiiy such decree of divorce it iJiu.st also be proved 
 that tht' for'-iL,Mi court iiad iuris<]iction over the subject matter 
 and person i'l the case. 
 
 d. Although it isage!ieral princii)le of lavs that the husband's 
 domicil is also that of Ids wife, the. wife does not forfeit the 
 ri/jflits she has to assert aij^ainst him when he is acting in viola- 
 tion of his marria,!j^e duties (ni). In support of this he cited fronj 
 a judgment of Mr. Justice (Iwynne. "that for the purpose of 
 instituting a suit for divorce, the wife miy ha\e a domicil separ- 
 :\ir from that of her husband" (//). 
 
 As the Parliament of Canada has not yet recognized the power 
 ol any Court to deal -with the subject of divorce, there is nothing 
 binding in the ai-gument wdiich claims, by the comity between na- 
 tioiis,for a iudLnnent bv a foreign Court that kind of consideration 
 and recognition hy the Senate which that judgment would have 
 before an ordinary tril)unal, upon a, matter the subj(/et matter of 
 which was common to botli. The principle involv<'d in the term 
 t'onuty of nations is that as the jurisdiction o\ei- tlie subject 
 
 hit) Gomninns Deba'cs, IS-ST, p. HtdJ-^. 
 In) ,St€ven« v Fid\ 8 LoKal Xows, 42. 
 
M\ni I 
 
 nt k'r?i 
 
 ■vd 
 
 In. 
 
 ii)iii. 
 
 ..'!ll 
 
 iiim ill 
 
 Hien" 
 
 ii: 
 
 ..lllltri^- . 
 
 was cvimnii 
 
 it oi wliich 
 
 '1, 
 
 tiodi'- rs., !. ; H 
 
 !;■ !• 
 
 In Canaila thaii 
 
 r-M' 1 
 
 T; .» 1] !■' I I • 
 
 ibt. 
 
 rr 
 
 ,' n 
 
 M 
 
 1 ■i 'T : f , 1 ri , 
 
 .1 mil 
 
 ai 
 
 W.ti' 
 
 111) 
 
 :!l(l m 
 
 oul ties ;. accept thf piincipl 
 
 f J 
 
 VLSLl' 
 
 lUll.stj 
 
 llil.illl! 
 
 i:rranto(i on t\\r vs.-uui' <'vi- 
 
 'caliou'-i will i> ■ 
 
 .vhitili 
 
 
I'Ain lAMENTAHV DIVOUC K IN l'\\.\l'\. 
 
 i;; 
 
 ' Atlult<'i'V I'V ill'' N\.ii' <iiLltl('S in- Ir.i-tMini li> a 'iiw-io, 
 AJi'lf a Avii"'' mav ')l'talii a divoiTT Wn- iiiffstuous mhiltory, 
 in'oanv \vitl\ .'Khi.tvry, riiju-. sn.I«iiuy ur bcstialir . ■ ]m1 rx -v,! 
 vruelty, or adultery an^l <l(:^;lJ^tion. 
 
 2. Nullitv I'i' marriajj;*' may lie. ohruiii' ' ; ■: ;ri-onTi(i «>t' 
 
 ■i!rU)otOT)ce«>r in(-!i).acity arisiujiifoitlu'r t'roiii i-.ai;4fiiital ina'" 
 ;i,,., Mi iiMii: SOUK defect of n }U'ririanent and incurable cii,! 
 • ,1, Mil tln' bj-« fieh of a ^<tatute(lirectin^'. "i forms ol 
 
 Hi.MiiiiLfe : a.ud (c) on the ground <-f lii-famy, the Iwi hm-i' maniap- 
 beinu: tjrounil for a <lecr(M' <if nuHity t>f a lai 
 
 ;; The ( *nurt. h i ' ]'"\v<'r to . aivrfcs for |u.licinl 
 
 separation on tbr .^n-ouiid uf tnlvilt-'ry, uri!;, i .m.i! practices, cnielty 
 nr deserti<'ii f<>i- twn years and nj)w;)r<!<. The eHect of the decrm. 
 i. l.^ olace th<> wife in the lethal position t)f an nnmarriei: woman, 
 botii a.s rt'Ljards her lin.^band :in 1 third parti, s. 
 
 \':\ ('ana la, a Inltery by the husband or wife of the p. 
 li„c be.n the most fre.pant ground .rf relief. Out of the twenty- 
 (},r-e such Art- gninted by Farliameir ^ 
 
 Provinces in 1S()7. .ighteeii were grantrd on ti und of 
 
 .sduitery; thr... althouglj eharginc: adultny. were reallv Aot^ 
 to nullify in!nria,u-es: <me wn^ for bi-mmv and i • 
 
 lor a separation r.juivnle:. ,■ ■ namt.ion in Knglaml 
 
 d.r a decree pronounced by the Divoi In tie- 
 
 lUH 
 
 IS ( 
 
 m tl) 
 
 (.,)nb)d.'ratioi, of the facts conneet<-d with tl 
 -round of adultvry, no distincti(m lias l-een mmie 1 
 husband and wife, as hnpp.n^ undrr the Enirlish Divorce A'^ ■ 
 petitioning wife may olitain e divoi. - upon the ground of th- 
 husbands"idultery/as w.dl as the ]w.titioning husband upon tlu- 
 •j;roun<l of tlie wife's ad dtery. 
 
 A< alrea<ly stated, the Sieoensj,. ^- ; .aid lamU U) cat^os 
 really bills to t.uHify the marriages, there being evidcnc ; '. 
 the same were n.'ver eonsununated by coha.bitation. To thepe 
 be added thr Ash {() case which was a bill to di--..l.. ■ >'., 
 
 ln;i\' 
 
 marnagf 
 
 • which had V)een nlread\' d^-:oh-ed ^\v 
 
 (r) ?i.-fiul«.T<".niu!.S IHCO, pp, 
 (si -■.••latf JoinirilR, Wf<T. 
 
 km;, 
 
 (I '-i-;it( 
 
 tc .Iniirnaiv. 1**^" 
 
li 
 
 rAKI.lA.MKNTAIlV PMOKCi: i.\ I'ANAPA. 
 
 Amcrii-iiM C'liirt, Pni-liamont (h^cliiiiii;^ tt» itc Imim'i liy tlic uictii.>ii 
 nf A foi'ci^n tribunal. Duriiii^ the iircsfrit. (IS.S.S) session <»f 
 l*arliaiu('tit, an application will It.' iiia<K' i>» •inllit'\ :i, )iin.iTiagi' 
 upon tUe ijrroiinii ot" inipotuncy. 'I'liis will he the first, instanr.« 
 (»t' thi' kind in the history of (/ana.linn <Iiv(tree. 
 
 The C'iniipbeU case (u) is one of the most pcniliar in the hi.s- 
 lory of tiivorce in Canada. In INTO, Uohert ('anipholl [»etitioneil 
 for a hill of <livorce from his wife on tiic ^i-otnnl of iululteiy 
 This wa.s nu!t l>y a counter [letition from Mrs. ('aTMijhell char^in";- 
 liiui with eru(^lty and (h'sertion. T\w Senate rejeete<l ('an»^)heirs 
 p(^titi<')n ;is not proved, and [)Ostponed further consiih'ration of 
 the <.'ros.';-petition until rln- followinj^ session, hi I S77 no fresh 
 evidence was adducivj, luit the rep<>rt of the stdi'ft eomniitti'e 
 'if the Scrjat*' from tlio previous session was takiii ndo consid- 
 
 ration with t)ie result that the majority of the St-nate declared 
 ( 'amphi'irs eharfTi^s {U'oveil. The hill wa.s* rejfCii'd in the (/Oii!- 
 Mions, liovvevur, on th*- ;j;rourid that> fn-sh notice of the ajtpli- 
 cntiou had not been ^iven ''-'). in I.STS, Mrs. ('ainphc!! pray<' i 
 for leave to juxhsecute her cnuse in foniur jhti/pi^ris. This tiiu' 
 the Senate rt'jected her aj)|)iication for want of notice. In Is7'.> 
 she i-euewed hei' a])[)lication ih formn jtov peris aft''i- haviii-^ 
 L^dven (hi'- notice thereof, and ^ii-' ohf-'intd a lull npii'. a.lent t- > 
 ■t judiidal s<'paration imde)' a deert'c pronounced l.y the J']noli.,h 
 IMvorci^ (\au't. with a sultstantial aniuial I'asji ailowanei- for 
 
 !ii mahiteuance of herself and <hi!dren. Provision was also 
 made i;i tl»e Act for cnforein;^ th;- payment of tie- aljowancv 
 'i'he rii^ht of I*arlianicnt to j^a-ant her maintainance and thi' 
 rustody of the childnMi was warmly contesttd in ItotJi Hou.se,-. 
 upon tht^ {^nound that these hciuLr el\ il i-iL^hts they i-ould only 
 he dealt with hy tin Pnnincial Lei;-islatur.' unilrr tie- t.'j'nis <;!' 
 th(^ l>. N. A. Act lS(i7, hut the Jesuit of th.' decision of tji<' m > - 
 .jorities in the two Houses detentdned ;hat they wwv ineidrn(> 
 to nian-ia^jc and di\-on'e. nnd as such within tlic compctciKV' of 
 I'.uTiament [iv]. 
 
 («) Scn.'.lc Jnurnals I'^Tt"., ISTT, 1S7S, ISTll, 
 
 ''i> Jl''' ^ilt"vs that il is im.safe to assiiimu thul die CnnunMii.. will .kw.u .- Idlluw tlu> \,r» ■ 
 
r.VlU.I AMKN rAltV niVonci; IN ('A.SA|)\. If) 
 
 In nil cases Pjii-li»iiiM'n( iiKjuiiX's jtai-ticulfD-ly of t!ic jH'titioiier 
 i\^ U) (he eollusinii or coTinivaiic*' to olitnlii a tlis'orcc, proof ot" 
 which is fatal to the aj>|)Iicatioii. ''rhf Ecch^siastical (V)urts 
 iiiteii<lL'(l l>y thi' Word colltisiin), an atrrt'cmcnt oi' plan lictwcon 
 husband and wife that oxw. of tht-ni should coMiinit, or ajjpear to 
 conjiiiit, M»in<' act upon wiiioh tlii' otlii'V cimiM proceed to iiistitut** 
 a s\iit. That i> not ihf nieanine- in which tin- wnrd «o////.s/<»* 
 is used in the Kn^lish Divone. Art, which contcinpiates an atrrer*- 
 iiicnt hetweci) t!ic paitics as to the in-.titutii/ii or cnuduc.t of t.h«^ 
 suit itself; for exaniph", wlifi-f th( iisponchiit in ])nrsnann' of an 
 uri'Tiy^i'iuent with the petitioner, forbears to i-c-ist a false eaae, 
 etc., oi- in any way becouics a, ))arty to a, et)ns{)iracy to ohtaiiv 
 a deen e from the (/onrt. The House of Lonls i-eyaiv led eollusior' 
 
 111 
 
 the same iiuht as the Divorce ( Vairt now d 
 
 le-, tmiler the s 
 
 tatute 
 
 Where the petitiiaier ha.-, biouij^ht about the adultia'V chari^eri 
 ai^ainst the respondent by acts expressely direet-d to that oiiject. 
 \»hei'e in fact iii' or she has uroiMne^l the eo'urnissiia! of the 
 otftMU'e, there is /.■0/t»i.<^tWj;C/' " i.r}. '». 
 
 Ha.\in^ iflanced at the orij^^in and history j>f I'ariiana'ntary 
 |)ivoree in Kneland and t'ana<la.anl indicated them as cleaj-ly 
 vs the <'i'ude and nnetlhd character of the pnnci])les njioi 
 whicdi fflief may In- Liranted will a inni. we will now proce.-d to 
 
 irielly ixplain ilie j'l'i 
 
 •cednre (^]>served in relation to such 
 
 arion- 
 liou^ 
 
 ins IS je 
 
 iiiiatt 
 
 llule 
 
 s or 
 
 Ord 
 
 ers o 
 
 f th 
 
 ■e, I 
 
 'Vi( 
 
 lenlK' framed after those of the House of Lor«.ls, and 
 t hey i-elate mor^ I'specialiy to t'oi'ms of procedure Miin to the 
 means of dfterniinine' the merits of an application. In all un- 
 
 ])I'OV'!<lei( cases l'eb'r<'n<-e IS 
 
 had to the Hnles and Decisions of till 
 
 louse o 
 
 f 1 
 
 ,or<is 
 
 I?/). 
 
 D 
 
 ivi>!X'e 
 
 there is ni> rea: 
 
 TiK 
 
 ons (rV 1 
 
 bills oriuinai'' in the Senate a^ a matter of usafi-e. but 
 why tliey should not originate in the (.'om- 
 
 as has already 
 
 on 
 
 n Ota 
 
 line; with matters ol' divorce 
 
 'leen said, t he] Senate (hu'.-, not sit in a judicial capacity, ticil 
 flown bv[eertain laws oi' p • . .'. nis.bnt it sit«? as n qmisi-judicia! 
 and a. l<'i;is|al i\ e Iw.dy. \\ h.jch has i'nlj powi i- io ,: i jtccordine- to. 
 
 f.i-) I'riti'.hirri! uli I'U" 
 
 (i.'l Uu'e8l.?e:m(e. 
 i-) JfennJe rc'jiitos. e 
 
 I r- 
 
 A U'.V,il:(l'-| C.iini 
 
|'\i;l I \Mr,VTVIlV HlVt'lii'i: IN ..\S.\h\. 
 
 Il<< 
 
 1 1) ill ( •ii--i'i<'rt ■ 1 ii-^ iiifp 
 
 1 Uu' Li'^islaturc I'M. Tlii.-', iVom a 
 
 , |i ,il, V. , is llin>.| UH>.lt!si".lrtoiy, as tin.' Jiliir- 
 
 M« ;<; ;.«lviH' «i[)oi» j;'i\fii !'jic.ts with iciisonaM*' 
 
 'i\\\v lias lie to Hurt tin- <litfi<Miltv nf <lrti rmin- 
 
 •II its in<livi«liial iiici-its without sritk'd pir- 
 
 •lii ii,. opinions of iu<livi<Muil iih'IiiIm rs iiiiisl l>r krpt in 
 
 u' |H»\V('?* \i[ iUniiiUi^ \vi 
 
 til tl 
 
 wsi' m. liters 
 
 111 a. |>< 
 
 I ii.ittt'1 ; 
 
 • i.;h 
 
 imiiiM<H' of til'' House? con I post '(I of 
 l.> Vv.'iild "^o fa- lowMi-'ls irjiK'dyiii^* thi; 
 
 l.{ 
 
 I itio \vn\', 
 
 if th. 
 
 w liter lit' coi 
 
 reel, this ha> 
 
 'th r('s]i('ot to the a|)plications for 
 
 •ill tlif ))ortious of the Kinpin' not within 
 
 Kie^lish Divort'i' t'otirt. Th' v arc tli^- 
 
 a s(aii<linj^ eouiuiittt'r of th'' llousf ol' 
 
 I/uv Lords. 
 
 liV 
 
 [•■i> 
 
 iiiiLC'S m 
 
 Tarl 
 
 lauitii! arc f(jinuu.'iR<.'M 
 
 i'\- 
 
 iliJHIl 
 
 ! ' ' ( Io\i.'ruor-< Joiu'ral, the Senate and the 
 
 liiiioii.-, vv.»K-h iK^titions must he sii^^ned \<y tlic 
 
 L With tl. j)(ion of th«' a'hlrcss and jirayer, the 
 
 '•('uld be in suUt^iance a mero transcript of the preandile 
 
 tJill. The preamble ought to .set out with a, siatejnent of 
 
 lud place of tlic niarriage sought to he dissolved, 
 
 itiicientiy the parties and tlie ceremony, if any 
 
 ;ven 
 
 pi, 
 
 ICi 
 
 or. 1 
 
 rti 
 
 10 niariiaire 1)" in i 
 
 itself 
 
 i It 
 
 m 
 
 .<:. itj •plication ior divorco is superfluous. The preanible 
 tliu n<-xt jiliice ought to .sta;e .shortly in what ni:uiner ;uid for 
 wliat Icii-th of time the ])artie.s have lived together as man and 
 wife, fiuhsoquenlly to marriage ; also wliother any, and if any, 
 what issuo has l)een born of the marriage. It there should liav.:^ 
 
 on of adultery, the fuet 
 
 I •••■n a separation licdorti tne eommi 
 
 li circumstances oatijht al.^io to bo stated. If a d(>ed ol separa- 
 
 oceasion ( 
 
 aiiil 
 
 tioii was exec 
 
 utod 
 
 on 
 
 the 
 
 ■;ueh sej)aration, tin; deed 
 
 -ipjuld bf mentioned. The preamble proo'cds in the ne.Kt place 
 to state the charge of adultery, the name of the ]>ar(y (if known) 
 
 1, A coiiipotent (luthority poos evnn furtlH'r,!inil I'laiins that I'.irliifiiieiit in .surh nnttcri' 
 -•ivrriir ! \>y no [iriiieifilt! otliiT limn the ii.<livi(liial oiniiions iiiiil ju(l?nu>ntf< of the 
 rlomer «!ii) niv* iin;ir timo ini<l uttciition to tin.- ccn iijcrritioa of cuvh parii'.-ulai i::i»e. 
 
 U 
 
 I'll lie 
 
 tv- 
 
 :L'. ^' 
 
 fUiltc 
 
J'AKI.IAMKNTAllV 1)1 v.i 
 
 \pA. 
 
 Tiith svli.tMi the crime liiis been (.•()minitt"il aii^i tlif j) riM,] wli»^ii 
 i]if i,niilty iiitL'ivourse coinmt-nccd. Tlio preaiiihli' .m/!,t ;ils<> to 
 triiH wliether the parties aro still cohabiting in ivlnl: ui - 
 
 uufht .sju'ciully to «v<'r that the [)t'titi(jM(!r has had ii.> ii!t.-M-.' urse 
 with thtt ^uiltv s|)<iuse ^iiiee the di.scovt'rv of inlidelitx . li the 
 adultery has l.>.oii eoinmitted with more than one pp.rson, tho 
 prefiml)!*! ou<;ht to speeifv the seN^eral ])e.rson8 witli whom the 
 commission of tlie erini-' is intend( d to he proved; for aijiiltery, 
 not specially ehar(,^»d, cannot be i»rovc<i. [fan action nt, law hah 
 bei'Ti resoited t(» by the husband against the adulterer, the facti^, 
 V, ■idiot ami juilgmciit should be .st>*ted. 
 
 There are usually tiitet' enacting claus.'S. The rlrst of these 
 enacts that the marrirtge is thereby dissolved, and shall be from 
 henceforth imll and void to all intents and purixises. The second 
 clause enacts that tic i>Htitit)iier mav at anv time thereafter 
 contract matriuiuny as if tlu; dissolved marriage had not been 
 solemnized. The etiect of a divorce is that; the vinculum is 
 entindy bj'aken,and the juau and wife stand in tho same position 
 as if th<' otlier were dead yh). The tliini clause enacts that the 
 issue, ii"any, of such second inarri;iLrt . sludl liave and possess tin- 
 same rights ill every respect as if the first marriage had never 
 been solemnized. In a few instances further relief has been 
 enacted, as in the Wldfei^es case (c) the marriage contract was 
 declared void. In the Hnfituell case (d), the husband was barred 
 of all claim in tlie estate and effects of the petitioner. In the 
 R/'ideli-Hcrchmfr case (e) the wife-petitioner was given the aole 
 custody and control of the infant chihl. As has already been 
 mentioned, the Bill i?i the Campbell case (/') provided for a 
 separation, m.iintenauci' of the wife and children by the husband, 
 the custody of the cliiMreu ami autlioricy to tho Court to enforce 
 tlie provisions oi the Act. 
 
 The ])etition ami Bill being preparei.l, atei liie notic,.' it-iing 
 Lriven, the lormer should lie deposited with the Clerk of the 
 Senate at least eli;i;ht days previous to tlie opening of Parliament. 
 
 (/.) FMv'ir.ri Law of tlusbanJ and Wife, ]8S:<, p, T.i. 
 (f) S'! Viot.. can. 95. 
 (f/) 40 Viet. CM,|). 89. 
 («•) •■")ii-'.l Vicf. can. 5.';1. 
 (7; \2 Vict. I J) I). T'.i. 
 
IS 
 
 ( AlU.I \MI.M\lt\ |il\OlUI'. IS CVNADA. 
 
 it. is usual at tlu3 saiuHi tiiiio to p.'iy thf tec oi S'2(»<i.()0, to cover 
 Liu- oxpMime which may hr iii.Mirrc'l l»y the StJiiat- in passiiij^ 
 the Hill. W'itli this is iilso pai-l #l(>.Oi> or .^15.00 to cover the 
 cost of printing the Bill in Knulish atii l<"r«nch. 
 
 Uul' 72 of the SciuitH romnres every a]»pli('att for a Bill of 
 Divorce to <(ive six months notice of his intemlctl applii'ation 
 and to .specifv from whom and foi vvliat cauHe, hy advertisomiiit 
 in the Vaaada Qnzeltj-. and in i wo lunv.spapers puldishcd m the 
 coiintv \shere the aj)pli"ant r'.'sided at the time of separation. 
 P.y Mule 73, a copy of tluMiotice as published in the CaiKula 
 G'izeftt'. is to be served at the instance of the applicant on the 
 pi'i'S'iii Fi-om whom the divorce is souglit, if the residence can ^^e 
 ascertained; and p oot by declaration under the Act respectinff 
 extra-jutlicial oaths of such service or of the attempts made to 
 ctRi.'t it to the 3ati.sfactit>n of the Senate, is to be ailduco<l before 
 tiie iSenatt^ on tlie readiiiif of the petition. 
 
 Ui; the presentat:Ton of the peiitiou in the Senate, the Senator 
 in chai't^e must produce the proof (;f the a<;rvice of the notice of 
 ap()lii-;iti' n ut^on the respon<lent. 
 
 '•'1 ere arc two instances in which, the respondent not bein^ 
 I'-mid. the Knus" dt^cTned suL'stitntiimal service suflit-ii'nt ("(/). 
 
 As to wliat niay bo sutticicMit snbstitutioiuil service no 
 rule has been laid vlovm, but it. is apprehended ihat such sti>ps 
 as may be directed by a Judn'c in a ('o\irt of Law in an ordinary 
 action at law will, under similar circumstauces, be n-coirnized bv 
 the Senate in an application for ;i !)i\-orce. 
 
 The evidence of service or attempts to effect the aame beinir 
 satisfactory, the next ste)> is to have the petition read and 
 rec(Mved. At this staj^^e, if any |)r{)ceedinga at law have l)een 
 tak'ii '[U'ior t) the petition, an exeuijilitication thereof to final 
 judgment duly certified by the propr-r authority is to be pre- 
 sented t(j the House, an<l it iliouages have been awarded, proof 
 on oath must be aiiduccd that the same have been levied and 
 retained, or an explanation given (;f neglect oi' inability to levy 
 the same uiider an exei-ution. 
 
 ij Martiu Case, Sonal" Jimniiils, ]<<', p. ''> ; \i/i Cuse, Senate Jmunnls, iHS", p. 30. 
 
CAIil,! \M|:N 1' \|(^ !)1\M|!. !■• (V .^v, (,\, 
 
 \<J 
 
 If the t'ouitnittt!*) on stHiHiinj,' orders reports to the Houa« that 
 all tlic opIhcs havt> Iutii coiit|.li»id with, th«» Bill is [iresented in 
 t!i«' ffoiiso l>v i' StMiiilnr, jiinl suhfiiirtcd to its tirst rt-aditi" 
 
 ft 
 
 T!).! scr-ond loadiii^r of the Bill cMnnot tuk.- j.hiec until fuiiitnen 
 iny.s after thn first n^atlinjj;; and in 'ticv of such second reading, 
 IS to \>v alHx.'d to tht' doors of the Senate during' th« jn-riod, 
 aii'l a i'o|>v thereof and of the Bill, duly nervefl upon the [larty 
 troin whom the Divorce is souj^dit, and proof un oatli ot such 
 sorvifO a-ldneed at the I'.ar (d" the Senate, hefore nrocoe-din" to 
 the secotul reading-, or suflifi.'nt [uoof adduced of tiie inipon- 
 sihility of eouiplyini,' with thn i-ule. 
 
 The copy of the notice of the .second reading and of the Bill 
 for service shouhl ea"h be niifnedi by th« cleric of the Bouse. 
 The person niakinsj; the service should of courte bo provided 
 with dupr.rat. s sicrjied in the same way. A.s in the case ot the 
 service of the notice of application, there are precedents for sub- 
 stitutional service. VVle'ie the service has been personal, the 
 [HU'son midving s<;rviee gi\.!S evidence of it at (lie Bar ot the 
 S^-nate Substitutional sei vie^ is usuallv proved by statutory 
 deelarjitiori. 
 
 The terms of Ivule 7G Iteing thu.s coinplii'd with, Rule 77 
 requires the petitioner to appear, below the liar of the Senate at 
 the saci>iid reading to be examine'! by the Senate, either gener- 
 ally, or as to any collusion, or coniuvance between the parties to 
 ottiaiu such separation, unless the Senate think tit to dispense 
 Ltiercwitli. Counsel usually accompanies the ])etitioner at 
 t-his stage. The praeticc is to susj>end this rule and instruct 
 a select committee, whicli hears tie; evidence, to ask the neees- 
 .sary <pn.'stions. 
 
 The Bill is tlien referred to a select committee of nine members, 
 by wliom the wirnes.ses are heard on oath, the evi<lence taken 
 down in writing and reported t') the Semite with all V(mc]ier3 
 adduced before the Senate; the preliminary evidence being that 
 of the due celebi-ation of the marriage between the parties liy 
 legitimate testimony either l)y witnesses present at the marriage, 
 or by complete and satisfactory proof of the certificate of the 
 iihciatiug u)iiustor or authority. 
 
20 
 
 r \KI.IAMKNT\IIY l«|\OIUK IN (ANAPA. 
 
 Pi-Dvihioii is innrlc fur the siiiiiiU'Mnii;,' <){' witinssos, ;ui<i iif^lect 
 or refusal to atternl siibjfets (,!».• di-fuulit'i* to tlio cusioily <»r' t]»e 
 Usher of the Black lloil. as wol! as to tlie pi'iiJilr,'/ of h.-ing 
 ohli*:j('(l to pay all the cxitfiisea itifiirr'-'l. 
 
 'I h'' witnesses are examiiiod and erohS-exanuiM' i, aiei tic ease 
 tn.'Lili' out. hy eouusel •^uhjcet to the ordiu.n'v rul<'s uf I'vi'it.'uei', 
 
 Wht*n.' the wife li.ts tio separate cstati' ot li'r own, (lie 
 House will order the husband to luiidsh iiu-Mns wiirri'with she 
 may d'-fetid herself. In the (■<iiiii>bf'l. case the petilioninuj hus- 
 band wns direct«'d to pay th" \'< is of the wiln'.s eouiisul w lio 
 onpiiHcd his application, which fees wi-ic tnxcd hy the chairruiui 
 of the coininittee at .*i5.')'i(). lie was also ol»liL;i'd to deposit S'J'O 
 toward the payiut-nt of the cKpi.-nses <>\' Iwr witue.ssi's. II. r 
 counsel sahse([Ut'nily rccoviTicI fcuiu ''auiphfll r<',i'A) or !?•'() a 
 day for seven days (bi prosecutiii:^' the wife's ci-oss pi.dition u>v a 
 judicial bcj)Jtrati(>n (h). In thi^ (hinlivi' case, the wife's counsel 
 was allowed a retaining,'' fee of .'*52{), and !?:!() a day for cai.-h day's 
 ati.endance. In the S'l.okolsun r^a.«e, the House diieclcil the wife's 
 counsel to 1)" paid S2() th. , lir-t d.iy. and SlO «iarh iJay thereafter 
 and 3- a day lor hcr-.(.'lt fa- (?xpen.scs in Ott;iwa (/). 
 
 Till' prearnl)le is proved clause hy clatise. Wi.h respect to t,he 
 ovideuf' i»i adultery, it may he .stated that v. liatt-ver ciuivinces 
 the coumiittee that the act lia.s been coiisuniinated will l>t' sutii- 
 cieiit {j). Positive evidence ct" the fact is raivdy aitainable, and 
 tlierefore in the er-'at inajnritA of cases the allej^.ition of adultery 
 is fiubstantiatetl b\ ciicuui-stanccs from which inferences may be 
 drawn. 
 
 The [letitioner is invariably (examined as to ci4iu>ion or con- 
 nivance, either oi which IS sulHcient, if proved, to [uvvent the 
 petitioner liom obtaininL,^ relief. 
 
 At, the ci>nclu<ion of the evidence, connsi^l are at HImmIv to 
 adilress the committee. The committee then i-eporttothe Senate 
 wliether thi^ urcamble has Wjw proved or not, and counsel are 
 
 (/ii M<Douuii!ly C'imvh--ll.\\ V. ('. I!, :i..2. [This! case was reversed on appeal, hut the 
 ju'lkTmifiir, oi ilse Cnurt ul .appeal \v.i< nei'er repurtycl.— Kii] 
 
 ib Thu Gnr'Uixfr and iflclioiiuii cases wen; both dropped after report by tho select com- 
 mittee iif lL<; Senate. 
 
 {j) Marqueen, p. 535. 
 
t'AHr lAMFNTARY fUVORM ^ >\ 
 
 li'tn'm ptM-rnittC'l to Ijo li«.*ar<l at Uu- Ij.-ir .if tuc lloir-i* i>n tlif 
 f'vitli'Tice ailtliK't'i! i>r on t,\\v piovisioti I' r tin- I'lituri' siipport ot 
 
 V wil'v Witl) rtrspt'i't ♦ '!'• hit'.-i point tln-rc ait- s^'Virnl 
 pffce'ieriU in tlu; <>I«I K»ij:li^ii pmrrii-i!, w IhiT, whrti tin; wif*- 
 lnoui'ht li<M' Inishiinil -.x foitone, provision was niiidi; in tlu> Bill 
 ■ • her tuturc -upp-Tt. Tli-!' li i-^ l^en no sM<*li jtrca'dnnt. in 
 Oanaila, .-xcfpi in the Cimi'hd' <'iisf, which was .simply n <'a^-» 
 i>f' separation. 
 
 The Hill l>fin_i,' t'lvourahly it-port. ■'! on. is tlum rea.) a tliiid 
 tini" and pass»-.l. an<l then *<t'nt down with the fvi<l«nco to the 
 O.jnniioMs. Hciv, it !,'.»e.-> through tln^ onlinHiy procedure of a 
 private hill, !ind tlie H..use may ''ithcr reject it or pass it. ff 
 amendments are made, these ajueiidinent-^ umst lie suhseipunitly 
 coneuned in l.\ tie' Senalf On the lioyal Assent beiny L,dven, 
 the Hill becomes law. It was the practice until 1879 lor the 
 dovenior-Cieneral to reserve sin^ii Bills for the sit^'nifu-ation o^ Ider 
 
 Majesty's i)leasure thereon but tiiis uee-l ii..t n..w be done, ^ince 
 the rlumge In the Royal Instructions with rete'eui-.' to Hilb /.-)• 
 
 .1 A. (,i:.\LMlLL. 
 Ottawa, 'JKt Fel'ruarv. bs^> 
 
 Ik) UiAiriHitCn I'arl. Priif,., -•. (W.