.a5-
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
^
%
/^
1.0
1.1
1.25
1^ tiL
""^^ nilBBi
us
lii
1^
140 mil 2.0
1.4
III
1.8
1.6
150mm
V
<$>.
/.
*;
>
//
/
w
V
/APPLIED J JN/MGE . Ir. 2
js^ 1653 East Main street
^^Fli Rochester, NY 14609 USA
.^S 'lg Phone: 716/482-0300
.^=r.SSS= Fax: 716/288-5989
O 1993. Applied Image. Inc . All Rights Reserved
l\
i\^
^\
1*
^4^
;\
^s,"^^ ^_
A<^
/..
<?
CIHM
Microfiche
Series
(l\Aonograplis)
ICIMH
Collection de
microfiches
(monographies)
Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques
;\
>
Techniul and Bibliographic Notes / Notts techniques et bibliographiques
The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original
copy available for filming. Features of this copy which
may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any
of the images in the reproduction, or which may
significantly change the usual method of filming, are
checked below.
D
D
Coloured covers/
Couverture de covleur
Covers damaged/
Couverture cndommagte
Covers restored and/or laminated/
Couverture restaurie et/ou pelliculie
I I Cover title missing/
D
D
n
n
Le titre de couverture manque
Coloured map;/
Caites giographiques en couleur
Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/
Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire)
Coloured plates and/or illustrations/
Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur
Bouno with other material/
Relie avec d'autres documents
Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion
along interior margin/
La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la
distorsion le long de la marge interieure
Blank leaves added during restoration may appear
witnin the text. Whenever possible, these have
been omitted from filming/
II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajouttes
lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte,
mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont
pas ete filmees.
L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire qu'il
lui a M possible de se procurer. Les details de cet
exemplaire qui sont peut4tre uniques du point de vue
bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image
reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification
dans la mithode normale de f ilmage sont indiqufa
ci-dessous.
□ Coloured pages/
Pages de couleur
□ Pages damaged/
Pages endommagies
□ Pages restored and/or laminated/
Pages restauries et/ou pellicultes
Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/
Pages dicolories, tacheties ou piquees
□ Pages detached/
Pages ditachtes
( /I Showthrough/
I ^ I Transparence
□ Quality of print varies/
Qualite inegale de I 'impression
□ Continuous pagination/
Pagination continue
□ Includes index(es)/
Comprend un (des) index
Title on header taken from: /
Le titre de I'en-tCte provient:
□ Title page of issue
Page de titre de la
□ Caption of
Titre de de
livraison
issue/
depart de la livraison
I I Masthead/
Additional comments:/
Commentaires supplementaires:
Pagination is as follows:
Generique (periodiques) de h livraison
p. f5]-306, [86].
This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/
Ce document est filme au taux de reduction indique ci-dessous.
10X UX liX
22X
IbX
30X
12X
16X
20X
24 X
28X
3
32 X
The copy filmed here has been reproduced thankn
to the generosity of:
IMationai Library of Canada
L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit grflce d la
g6n6rosit6 de:
Bibliothdque nationale du Canada
The images appearing here are the best quality
possible considering the condition and legibility
of the original copy and in keeping with the
filming contract specifications.
Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed
beginning with the front cover and ending on
the last page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All
other original copies are filmed beginning on the
first page with a printed or illustrated impres-
sion, and ending on the last page with a printed
or illustrated impression.
The last recorded frame on each microfiche
shall contain the symbol —^ (meaning "CON-
TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"),
whichever applies.
Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at
different reduction ratios. Those too large to be
entirely included in one exposure are filmed
beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to
right and top to bottom, as many frames as
required. The following diagrams illustrate the
method:
Les images suivantes ont 6t6 repioduites avec le
plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et
de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire filmd, et en
conformity avec les conditions du contrat de
filmage.
Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en
papier est imprimis sont filmds en cornmenpant
par le premier p!at et en terminant soit par la
dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iliustration, soit par le second
plat, selon le cas. Tous les autreti exemplaires
originaux sont fiimds en commen9ant par la
premidre page qui comporte une empreinte
d'impression ou d'iliustration et en terminant par
la dernidre page qui comporte une telle
empreinte.
Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la
dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le
cas: le symbole — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le
symboSa V signifie "FIN ".
Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre
film6s d des taux de reduction diffdrents.
Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre
reproduit en un seul clichd, il est film6 d partir
de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite,
et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre
d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants
illustrent la m6thode.
y
1
2
S
32 X
1 2 3
4 5 6
'. \t. t^^ LEQISLATIVB ASSEMBLY BUILNNQ in PietemiaritzbnrK, 'he capital, ia without exception the hanilaomest buildinir In Natal The two laree Assemblv
"^' l^u JiPf ' ""5 . *■■ "<""•» respectively are models of architectural niagnificence, while the Governor's private suite is elaborate in design and finish. The Governor
■ppotatcd br the Imperial government, is pn-ient at all asaembhes and takes active part in the administration. (2.) St. John* River is the most beautiful dver of Natal. It
ia navlffable tor over one hundred niilea rtv. i thi» mA«t laro* at^aniora *ti»Arin» *!.• •*.»*.*»> *»i»u.^..* ^iochl^ i«i.. • _r c. t-i *... _ .: •_ ... rT '
S!l!V'l?,^*"^'""' "" ""IT of Southern katairiJ.rTlliErtlwitol^^ the"background" fora one of'themii't ^cu'i^ue views'o7°^l
N»t«ie«port. The government baa for yeara been engaged in eztenaive dredgiDg\>pcntions to clear the bar at the entrance to admit large steamers. (4.) Travellinz In Natal
by wagon ha* its pteasurea " J*" " ""fdahipa When a good ro«l ia found, the travelling is done at nig;ht so as to enjoy the cool African breew. Ford ng drifts is wmetimes
^^V^\r"K^?^'°*;^^' ''?°^!5i'i'*" delaying the journey t<» davi at > time. (5.) Howkk'Valla; near rietermarit.burg. is a favorite picnic ^rt. the luVurioS
tropieal (oUage affordtng a pleaMot relief from the Natal mb. Below tbc falli it tbc main reeerrolr froia which the dty derivet iu water supply. luxunoua
THE HIUHT HONOKAKLK JOSEI'll lIlAilllKULAiN.
THE RIGHT HONORABLE JOSEPH CHAMBPB. a.« ' "'"^'""''^ "■' ^"^'"'l^Tn afkkun BEPublic,
. -.«.—_;_„ jP^ PAUL. KRUQER, the autocrat of ih* .S""**- *'-i «-r-. .. . . " . . "': » '""^ *ji*»^nuu ui unuginv lae Hoera in .uKmj^i^j- ' •'-*«.
THRILLING EXPERIENCES
IN THE
WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA
EDITED BY MARSHALL EVERETT.
THE GREATEST DESCRIPTIVE WRITER THE WORLD HAS EVER KNOWN.
INCI.rniNO TMK
Official History of tiie Britisli-Bfler War.
AH TOI,n BV TIIK ( OHMANIIEBI*.
Thrilling Stories of Bravery,
Excitina Personal Experiences.
Wonderful Descriptions of Desperate Battles.
lI-UrMTHATEIl WITH
NEARLY 500 HALF-TONE PHOTOGRAPHS,
Each Picture Graphically Explained
A Native of Africa.
TU Wllll'll IM AIIDRI)
THE LIFE OF CECIL RHODES,
TBB
WONDERFUL CAREER OF PAUL KRUCER.
AND
A COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE TRANSVAAL.
THE HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA.
THE DIAMOND MINES AND THE 60LD FIELDS.
THE CARTOONS OF THE WAR EXPLAINED.
CopminHT ttm, Tim RDurATioii*i. Co.
QUBBEC. CANADA.
I ! - '
THE BOEB DBMONSTRATION AT THK PAAROEKKAAL MONUMENT.
THE PAARUKKBAAL MONUMENT.
(iENEHAL JOUnEBT LEAVING PAABUEKBlAL.
»owicimlIeii«Bat^fh™S!^5!H, tL ^***-??''--*^^^ ?*•' "P**"""'"™ Eoeni from all tuH. of i
«.UMdermbie weight with the executive at IWril 1^\ "I^^„"rf..j^""??f,"'; '''<"'"""1« '.'" g"vernhieiit of t
THE BUSH FOB THE WA0ON8 AFTEB THE MECTINO.
tuL ™ — 7 ;;i;T~" "■. ■■"" '""■•••t^! monument to reuew tlieir
the country. The re»luUon, arrived at upon the« occasion. <?ai?^
n the Ket>ubhc and nrfai nn'i.in i_ •>._ t..-i fi
cuuBiderabie weigm with the'executin> •> P^^l^T iV\ •"—-"• •";*• ~.""";'."i» icijiuuiiig tiic guvernment of the col
THK HAADUAL OB OONKBNHKNT BUILDIMO, IN PEKTOm,
V««N.O.Na. „«„ „„.0N ,K TH. TBANSVAA. P«,M CUP. ^WH,
WBW IN THE BDBOHEEB' PABK IN Pi»mDt. ™„
«» PABK IN PKBTOBU, THB TKAN8VAAL CIPHAU
■*"">^ *«« TBAN8VAAL CAPITAL.
PREFACE.
,1IK eiitir.- .•IvIIIwmI world Iihh Im-cii iiil( ivsh-il In
llic r"<-iili'H( (Ic^i-,.,. ill III,. HiiiUh.u,,,.,. ^viir ill
HoiKli Afrira. Tin. Kalliinl riinthliaiiH h.'iiI Hirii-
HoiiH to ll};lil for 111,. Kiiipiiv ami show tli.-ir
lo.vaK.v lo tht' (iiiicii, and llic rrnird of ilirlr
iI.'.<Im on (h,. ticid of Italllf Ih Hulth l.iii demon
VT'/^TS/KVJ) ""■iilion of ihfir altaclmifnt to tlicir auKiiKl
^'TJW^ '^"'*'''*''*^"- ''''•■ '•""'"«• ••' tliix work Inm .atcrrd
^^2t*^ '" "" '""■"'*"" '''"** '"■ f"'<"onal K<>nllm<>nl; fav-
maudrrH of .-arli Armv In II.,. Fl..|,l. h,. han !„.,.» ..nal.l.d to |,r,.H..nl I..
•'"^ I"'"' '' "'•' ^^■"'•'•" " NiMtorv of tl.,. CampaiKii in Houlli Afri.a
that Ih lifrall.v ini|>artial; having had airosH to Stat .•um..nlH in lli..
l'or..iKn om,.,.N in UownhiK Hlr....|, In Lond(.n, and ili.' Soiitii \frl,an
Ki-publlr at I'rHorin, ho hax not I , ,.„nip,.||,.d t.. d..p,.nd tl...
KOHHip of tin. Clnlm or th<. va^n.. hiwhsvh and pirdl.ti..nK of tlu- n.-WH-
paiH.r .•orr..Mp..nd..nlH In Northund.f.rlan.l Avrnu.. ami Trafaluar
H.|nar..; in short. Ih.- lllHtorv h,.iv pr,.H,.nt...l .ontains, or. rath.-r. ,om-
'"■'":''• " •""•'"' '-pi*"""- "f III,. niirrv,.|oUH «-ampal«n in Ih,. H<>iith<.rn
'" ' •'"' '»"'•'« <'"»itinr.nt wh,.r,. Hritmh ami Ho,.r wn-Kthnl f„r ih,.
mipn-niacy.
In o(T,.rlnR thin v.dnm,. I., th,. Worhl tho PuhllNh.T w.ll know- that
n,. work l.,.r..tr)for,. iHHn.'d on tliin s:ibj,.,t .an ,ompar,. with it for th,'
reaHon that no lilHlorl.al writ,.r lutH ,.v,.r ha.l th,. fa,iliti,.K ,.xt,.n,l,Ml to
th,. Author of thiH bo..k bv nati.MiN parti,.H t,. a c>,.nfli,t ranking with
,.|)<>,'h-niakiuK «.v,'ntH.
H.. fnr as lb.. .omplaintH of th.- ritland,.rH. or fon-i^n ami disfrun-
HiiM,., .•,.Hl,l,.„ts of tb,. South Afri.au K.-publi,-. an- ........r I it ,.an
w,'.r; *'"' ''"*" '" *'"' ""''"''"'■ *" ^^■'''••'' »•"••»■ ''HIH-'i'Mli- <-bj,.,l..,l
"FirHt-Tbnt depriving th,. nijr|, (V,„h „f th,. ,.oui,frv of th,. risht
o t,.s th.. validity of parlianM.ntar.v l,.RiHlati..n. LawH pVononm,.,! bv
th,. lllKh ( ourt to l„. at varian,',. with th,. t'onHtitution of th,. H.-nubli,-
have b,.,.n ,.nfor,T,l b^- tlu. rre«i,l..nt and Exfcutive <\)iindl.
"M,.,.ond— Tb,. ,.mpow,.rlnK <•' lb,. l»r,.Hl,l,.nt of th,. |^.puldi.• to
n.n.ov,. ,lu,lK,-H wilboiil trial. Tb,. V f .Iii„i|,.,. „f n,.. TrauMvaal was
r,.mov,.,l by rr,.Hid,.nl KruKt'r on a.rount of a .l,.ri.s a«aiiisl th-
dl,'tal,.H of lb,. l'r,'Mhl,'nt.
'•Tbird-Th,' |M.w,-r ^dv,.n to tb,. i'lvMl.b.nt of thr |{,.publl.' and
h.x,..ntlv,. foumll to banlHh any rillaml,.r ami to n.nllN.al.' bin pi •
crt.v for iMiliilial off,.|iH,. without trial.
"I'',>urtli— Th,. rl;{|it of a TrauHvaal polio.man to HUjiprt-Ns a publl,-
iiH'flinK '■ '■ -' in blK jml;!m,'nt tb,. lanj{uaK,' "W"! in in ,riti,ihiii of th,.
IrauHvaal pivi'rnmi.nl.
"l-'iflh— Th," law ,l,.n,vinpr .vbal Is r<.};ard,.l in a tru,. It,.|iublir as
tb.. au'M bulwark of its lib,.r(i..s- il,,. riKhl of trial bv ..n.-V rs. In
Ih.. Transvaal th.- II • aion,. tan sit in th.. jurv."
Jn Ih,. |{,.puWli.' of S..uth Afri.a lw.,.-lhir.ls'.".f th.. p ilalb.n ar-
r illiiml.n.. wb.. w.-nt th.-r,. b.y th.' ..xpr.'ss invitation .if l'r,.si.b.nl
I'aul Kruf{,.r; th.-ir .apital an.l ..nl..rpris.. .l..v..|o|H.d what was
.I.H.ni...l w..rlbl..ss lan.l into tb.. w.-altlib'st mining; s..,tiou of lli,. worl.l;
lb.. Transvaal, which is at pr,'s,.nl ri.h ia in.'oni... was bankrupt
pr..vlous to th.. arrival of tb.. Knjflisli. rana.lian ami Anifrban ..xjM.rt
pr.isp,..iors. ..nKin.','rs ami .apitalists; lb.- outsi.b.rs h.mui own...l mor..
than half tb.. land in tli.. I{,.publi.. ami paid fully nim.-t..nthK of Ih.
tax,.s, y,.t wcr,. p,'rsist,.ntl.v n.fnse,! a vol... in tli.. adniinistrati.in of
>jovrrnm,'ntal affairs.
Having b,H'n f.irtunatc in obtaiuinn th.> Kiifvanc's of b.>tb sidos to
tli<. .•..ntrov.'rsy, and th,'r..f.tr.. ..nabi...! to b.- ahsolutcly just in sum-
niiuR up th.. facts, th,. Publisher pr,.s,.uts tb.. r. suits t.i tb,. pnbli.-
with til,, assuranc,. that th,> lov,. .if fairn.-ss whi.h .•baract..riz(.s it
will pr,.vail an.l lead t.i th,- ,or.lial r..c..j»ti.(n of tliut which is a .•.irrc t
bist.)ry of tb.- miy;bty .■.JuHict.
Knibo.li,..l in this work, also, nrp tb," jxTwrnal ..xit,>ri..n.(.s of a.tual
particiiMints in tb,. war; H,tldi,.rs who w.-n- on th,. li,.|d „f baltl.. an.l
r..,',>iv,.d Ibe fire of tbo en,.niy; men wb.» assist..d in making hislorv
for futur.. nen..rnti,»nH, w,.r,. ]ironiin..nt .haractors and ha v.. b..,.
inini(»rfuiizetl iu consciueuct'. Tb,- bunibk' private. soldU'r, as woll w
PREFACE.
ho ,omn.iss,..n...l olli.or, t.-Hs his st..r.v; (l„. unrs,. i„ Hie hospital.
t..}l.-th,T wirli ||„. C.ninuiiuliijn; (i,.iH.ral of tli,. Fonrs, iH mv,.,. (Ii..
oi.I...ituuit.v to ivlul,. wlial h,. saw; tlu- Ho,,- ami th.- En^ nan
^tan(l on ,M,ual poun.!, n.-ithei- Wnv^ favowi, for il„. i,,|t. i„ issuin-
'his 1 k has liccn the st.vcn.st ini|iaitiali(v. "^
Th,. l,io};,a,.hi..s nf (-.Mil UJUKles, th.. 'iMni.iir-l.Mil.h.f, lV..si,l,.nt
K1UK.T, th.. irlijiioiis fanalic an.l propju'i, th,. fath,..' of Ins ik.,)!)!,.;
till. m-,.r,l of ,.v,.nts from th,. fiist s,.ttl,.ini.nt of tlu- Tiansvaal, th,.
Oianfj,. Fr,.,. stat,., Cai,,. c.l.n.v an,l oil,,..- t,.ml„nal ,liv!siou8 in
South Afina; th," valiant ,1, s ami luioi, a,hi,.v,.mi.nls of tlu. Caua-
<lian volnnt,.,.|s aM,l ..ih,.|- .-olonials, an,l th,- ,l,.v,)t,.,l biav,.i-v ami is,.|f.
s.,iih,,.s ,.f th,. It ps of th,. !■: in. who insl„.,l t,. .•..ftaln ,l,.ath in
liont of th,. iitl,.s of men wh,> ,l,.sem.,lly .•aiik,.,l am,.n- th,. most
".'■''"'"' "'■'^^'"•■" "f ""' w..rl,l ate ,.mlmlin,.,l in pi,tnf,.s,pie ,l,.s,nn.
ion well w,.ithy of the waiT.ois wh,. pref,.|f,.,| ,|,.ath .m the tiehl of
h,)n,u' t,» th,. hnmiliation or snrr,.|i,l,.r t,. a hat,.,l fo,..
A in,)st valii,.,l f,.atiire ,.f this pr,i,lu,tion, ami ,.ne to whUh the'
I'ul.lisl„.r ,h.sir,.s to .all parti,nlar att,.|.tion, is the manm.r in whieh
It IS ilhistn.f,.,!. Th,.s,. pi,forial |M,rtra,vals of o,-,„rren,-,.s whi,h ,-on.
stitnte the main ,H.ri..,ls .,f the .ainpaijin app,.al to the imagination
of the reu.ler ,u a more cl,re,t wn.v than written deseriptioun, for they
Pi..sent ,„ th,. pl«in..st tnann,.,., on,, whi.l. all ,.an eon.prehend, junt
.IS if the ,,bserver w,.re ,.i. an emineiuv overlookins; the field, tht' hap-
lM.nin},'s ,.f which thev tivat. *
tiv-.^tL^vI"!!-.-';;'" *,''''*''"""': ""•«<n.ti..ns ar,. ae..ompaui,.,l by a deHeri,,-
1 e l,,„l.„,r I ,„v,.rs.t, of l.:n,,lan,l bnt a man who has b,.,.n the re.ipient
of ,h.K.-.H.s front th,. most i.ron.inent inNtit..tl..ns of l.-arninL- in France
am (.ertnany „, is a lin,n,ist of var ...hievc.ments a.nl a nehclar
,.f ...nown, w'.ose life 1ms be,.„ devot,.,l to the study of the hi«t„r en
ami lanKnaj;c.s ,.f th,. .•ountrit-s of the w..rl,l "'sroritB
The tiv,. Iuin,lr,.,l illustrali,.ns in this volnn.e are the work of
" ►^M'ro.n.m.t.t artists of th,. w,.rl,l, the ,„st of whieh in not to be
meaHnrc-d „, dollars. At no time in th,. c-onrse of the preparation of his
book has th,. matter of exjH.nse be.-n eonsidere.l; t| e Anir was
present a the prinei,.,l battles and a sp,.,.t„tor, ha in. beei ,.■ ,n ^c
all the pr.v.le.es of a m,..nb..r of the p,.rsonal staff o? Fi,dd M„ Hha
Lor,l H..b,.rts (V.nunander.in-fhief of , the Hrifish Forc-c-s, JTTl
n.nsc.„u,.m.,. what he has written of 'were the thin«H that actually
eaine nnd,.r his ,)wn ,.bservati,in. "iiuauy
A SITt'ATION "HAT MAY TUKN OITT "nAU KOK THE 000 •
HTfm -Judy" (Uinilon).
Th. f.™'"'"'? CATEHPIU.AR THAT WON'T
dMIroyed with '«./ Mr rh"™?; " ,"" •"?""" *"* '••" I»
-he Jme will! ."hrbo^Ji' cr.!!;^!','.;'*'!.,"!."'^-,.''-'-'";""!^''
term. ^fta'^d^'JlVh e'^;>"J^r^?j;:^rt*'i^^^ l'?« i1f?r ''?'I'"?S'* *? P°">'"TlT ?"" "r""" °' ^'«^.'''"' '^"'«" '" *« »""» "'=««'«
waerelu It uuw stands wu at one time befoiiTohln'n^T,™ „,lVi'iV L srtii.irctl by the citizens of that city, who appreciate! the uiU fiuui Pretoria. The Dark
in with suiUble »». «,d is now l^mc^tZJutifT^^lfZfC^^^ without a scrap of vegetation of any kind, "it was cleared, and then ^S
fouuuin. The spray. „. beautiful •he^th'^^^rr^rfuTlf trrJik^-J.^L'^l^^i'/^i^^^ on^'<^^?lkrll?i^ """'' """'"' '" "*' '"■"' *"-'»»'"-8 «"^
havo
rebe
Cnnn
eastt
OIIAPTKU I.
STARTLIXf} PlfASKS OF THE WAR.
EATIl overjwl.m-fr„„, abovf, bHow, f,„„, all
m.U.-d.uth i„ its „.„„t f,.ij,,.,f,.l f....„,; J .
-».v. of ,he «rim .vnpn.V slu.ns i„vi;iin.; ^^^^^
r^^lrtVT"^ '■'"'"' "^ """'^"' ""•' »'"'» " f'"-»>l^'
rei...r , tl... Mauser in tlu^ l.an.ls „f tl.o H,,,.,- marks-
lueii has <le,.inuU«l ,n..r,. than on., .rark iJritish
reg.„u.nt; H.e vlHin.s, h.-lpless, |„ „..■ „, ii !
cliarK,„,, „,,,,.f,„,„^ ina..,...ssibl.. rocks onlv ,o be
1....WC. down r,.n....-Nol..ssly by r,.,H,,(e.l "volb-vs
'" liKblen sources, the slau-'hter li.lml i... <i
iPHUli
;....rt, u,„i,,. ,„, .ii.«.ivn„,.^^ ,,' , " "^:, ; •''« '7. ',',' ' '.""•
eaHteru Heetion. of Afriea. «„y „otU.u, «o awf„, artSrsi^;,'!: .';:,;:;
17
0«.n,.aif,n U^Z^ ' ' ;""' "'"" :"""' '^"^ '" ♦"<' British-Boer
tIuM•;M■a'lers^vev.^; ;,;.': """"" """""" •"-'-'>-, and often
v.llevs were ,m ur d in . ':'''"""'" "^ ♦'"'"" """"'-V ""»" KaMlng-
Piu.';::;;:;: Se';.;";;;;r;;:;;^r trr :r ^"r^ --'- '-^■
sky. would throw Hu.n.sei;: i ':';,,';';'■;;!;. '''''^^ ^■•"i'' " ^•^--
defenses that were inii.re.r„..M,. , " ^ r-'veuKe against Boer
■'■' "«"i"«i ."■■ »H,,„ j;t;„:A;:s,,:'', ;> ■"■"* "« ' ""■■
Al M„„.,,f,„„,.|„, „.„,„ .1,,. rii«l,laiid nrlitml, l„„ „ t„,,.|,.
18
m
wi b „e ingbloud daHh ,.p«n n foe th.v .oul.l u„t sec, the roHult beiujf
bat ,b,.y wm. ,>rmt.n.llv .ut to ,,i,....-s. Xo, „„„.,. that, on,- b.m.lred
rj'tT ""'" "'"• '"'^ '"" """"" •■"«"^-"<'"'— H. of t.K. most ,11.
rou« of !k. ....,.,.,.«„ to tbo MMtisI, anns-v l.il.. v..ll,>v affr volb-v
I.m....l tbo on..on.in^r ,,„.ks of tl.e .Lvot..,] soI.li..,.s, wh.". f..|l bv b .f.
.ireds .l..a.l a.ul .Ivin,, no, knowing at any tin... wbJr.. tbe .1 , v L
•mn. fron. At last, .lispi.lt.Ml, tortun-.l an.l torn „v a fir. , vlM
troops ..a.l n,.v.r b.fo... Ixn-n sM.,j.-..t...l-a fi.... so aV.-nraf. th. C
great n.ajonty of ,1 m.ors «..•,• hml low-tl„. S.-ot.bnu.n th.-ir ,| .1 1,
stn,,,., fron, tbelr ba.v l.-gs „y ,.,.. ....nol l.arbs of „.,. wh .'t n rg
.•rs ba.l Strang ,n all .Ihv.tlons, sall.M.ly rKMv.l, tbeir angnisb all tL
.nor,. , ...gnant b....aus<. tlu-y ba,l no o, ,„nit.v t,. f.-l tl.^rn.v
Whi'U A\,.|lingt,.n fa,-e,l \apol,. u Wat.-rloo the opnosin.r li,,,-,
.v^.. bat 1,.00 yar.ls apart; tl... ti..l.l guns of ,„at ,lay .!il, ZtZ
tbat .hstan..,., wlnl.. tl.,. llint-lo.k n.nsk,.ts ns..,l 1,,- thV sol.li,.rs were
not acnrat,. ,.v,.n at on,, l,,,,,,!,..,! ynnls. Tl.,. K,..ok.. r.ft.r ,.a,l. ,^s
c-barg,. was sa.h as to b.-trav tl xa.-t wh-n-aboats of ,1... firi .g , •'.
r„,.,H, w,.,.. n.ov,.,l in n.ass a,..l l,a,von,.t ,.l.a,-g,.s w,.r,. fr,., ,".,-!, x'
fact, n.or.. .n,.n w,.r,. ki.l.H, ,,• tl.,. l.ayo....t at Wat,.rloo tluul ;;«„'„
C.n.par,. tl.,.s<. ar.l.ai.- w,.a|K,i.s witl. tl„. in.,,rov,.,l arms of to-.lnv
A .no.l,.... r,H,. will kill a .nan at gr,.at,.r ,Iista..,.,. .ban tl.,. fl.-I,, X^^
>apol..on's .„,.. ..o,„„ ..,,,,,.; .„,,,.i..,. g „..liv,.ri..g f.-o... ,mZm
Hbots p,.r n.,nnt,.. as w,.ll as oth.rs of ,i.,.t ,alib,v ,.s..^ in tb,. art rv
can w.p.. o..t r,.gin.,.n,s at two an.l tl...... n.i,..; . f,,,,, .-Lai^ in,'
b,. l,ayo„..t ..o.,l.i n,nv n,.v,.r rea-l. tl... 11,... wbi.l. is sta,..li,':g o.. , !
balf a n. 1,. of g,.onn,l, wl.il.. tl.oso ,v,.,.iving tl... .hargt. w.,nl,l safT,.r
,..n,parat.v..Iv littl.. loss. Tl... la..g,.r o,-.l..an.... of 1„. pr,.s,.n oarnii
from t,v,. to ..ig.,t ...i„.s, an.l witl. ra,.g...tin.l..rs .1... g...;a..rs '. n p a"
tbeir sl.,.lls w.tb.n a .•..n.pa,'ativ,.I.v small s,,a,,. '
Probably ,1.,. n.ost i.i.t..r..s.,,.,. ,.ngag,.„.,.nt of tb,. war was tbat at
Rtonnb,.rg, wl...,,. tb,. nri.isb, n.anbing at night in .1.,.. o,-.l,r a ,"
.m.8el..slv as possibl.., ,l.,.ir i,.t,.n.io,. being ,o snrpris,. tl... Hoers" ..n!
n,blenly bl.n.l,.. by tl... fi....,-,. rays ..f s,.v..ral s.-anblights tbrow, ,.,.m,
tb,. r«l«„.„ fron. a high point n.,t „,o..,. tban tw., I.an.lr...! var.ls aX
B..foro I,.. bewil.b.r,.l tr...,^ r.nUl vrM.r wbat tb.- sital.non r.^
wa« a tbou«and rifles in tbe bm.d« of expert shots blazed forth from
STARTLING PHASES OF THE WAR.
«i"U?;%brfn'r '"" ""^ ''""'^'^•' >"''^^' """ *'"• --"tion W.S
nnnif^trTf "" "T "'*' '"'"''''' *"' "'"'^I""**"'. H'"* bundr«ls of men
pa K-stnken «„,! ,.rai„.l witl. f..ar, rnsl„..l ,H.ll.n.,.i, fr.,n. tbe n2
Mr^Zv ;;'2^;^r^7" v "■'""" "^'"'^' "'"^"'« ^'- -i- '
<n,ir ,.m ,rs, , l.arg,.,l f,.arl,.sHly toward tbe pla,.e tbe rifl,.-flash.^ l.n.i
'"'I-vnt y ...,.ne fron., bat b,.for,. tb,.y bad'pro,... ., t tv7«rtbev
'"'•""..,. l.opeh..s.sly .ntanglHl in ,1... „,„,, „ barb-wir. str,.M.,.d .
nmrnng fashion by tbe Ho..rs, a.... were shot ,low„ w;:i;t;;>l::I Z
a bnlir,".-..''! r""i">' "7««"'"f'<'"." •ried a v,.teran offl,.,.r who fell with
.««„::;:: sii: r,.:;r nU;;:^ - -- - -—
inu' tte SMm'T;'"' '"""•"'"■" ^^■"'•^'"^' '"•••"S"^ '"to prominence dnr-
fil .1 ' ***' •"'* ""■""'' ^" •'"' '""ff •"•'"««' "t which they w,.re
t^m hey were not ..effective as anticipat,.d. flo^vever, whe, hev , L
ig1.t «n.o„g a l..t of R.,ers the carnage was ....nethi^g awf.r ^
d.>nan..t,. gnns „s.-d l.y the Rritish did not .1.. the execution lo, k'nl f,, .
n,.reaft,.r, according to tb.. most tb,m,nghlv.post,.d military ev
isal 1 ,„ i , . , ' ''"■•' ""'•"'"'•"^ "•""' •'•»'"""« •"«">• miles.
It IS als., pn.,l„.t,.,l that .,i.p.,sing armi,.s will lie within ..ntrencbments
H n.uch as p..ssibl,.. I,.aving a gr,.«t part „f the work t be do^ bv
- artilh^y. Battl. s will, i„ the future, be l,.ng--H-overi„g davJ^^whl e
.. casualty list will not be so large as in the past. How, ^er^i^mW
t.. men b,.|.i„,l tl.,. n.a.l.in. guns g.-t a g.,od range on a ..^en h
latter w,)ul.l l.av,. a hard time ,.f it ^ '
"f « 1.1.11 tl„» ™bI„„ „„ ,„p„b|^. I. „ ,.„ „„d,.,„„,„,j^ Mk«^st It.
I:
execution was
lulrwls of men,
'roin the ninks
;' the onlerH of
iHc-flnNhes had
flfty fe«>t they
e stretched in
lile lielpleHs to
• wlio fell with
(leroiis volleys
_< ^ ..^
-hTl
U :.^.
•> V,
»' J
T^^:
■ifh M?.n^n?T^ f "' 1°^^'^ ?'"' '•"* "'*" ""'**' '""" '•■*'' ^*^»' »' Glencoe and took up a strong position at Elandslaagte. between Dundee and
„i. ; J * S.**"'* '. '""^S* force of Free Slate troops were approaching from the Drakensbure and were monieStat^lvexi^tld ---•■• ""?•?«« »?"
neceaaity of immediate action. enraired thi- n™.™ win. fi„.'^„aH~»n.'A» ™„.i™ .i..„ u...." .-_."-;,?._.'. "'.". "".o^'^'aniy Miiecied
I^adyamith.
"™S*Il'l'^"5?l°:S?L''n'!!i!l^'i??»?-rH';i„?J?,™!^^ il^^^f. Drakensburjjand .were momentarily expected. Geniml White, realiring the
'ia".'t 't. li" "!lTr, — ^••~xr.. =,.-..,?,- =:.•, inrrf i.'tUsiiL-ns CI iniantry, the whoic force under Ociicrai
rViSL, J; ."""Ik' S^li"^.. !Lf^"}'""*'' 'i?"' the Boer guns were silenced, the shells then being directed
French with Coi. Ian Hamilton commanding the infantry. _. ..„„.„ .„... „.„,„
flSSk tavX^tedlh^™ 'f^li^.^f^i'I?^'''' 'tTT*"' ""1 a" t*" "K" flank. Meanwhile, the Devonshire, and Gordon Hrgiri;ndrr;,TuVnrng\he7ncmy'"s"left
tiSS»^H?^ion 5,5^ .,triW-^^K^„ Sk"?'''!^""??^ "'S'^JiS'?' "'•n>»'^ Boers retreated in broken order, the Lancers and Dragoons charging theii th^
STARTLING PHASES OF THE WAR.
eral
t to
ith.
the
eral
leir
action everything would nnesHarily tlepen.l .ipon tlu- ,K.8i(i„n in which
the KUHH were placed, the range, and the front offered by u body of the
enemy fired upon. •'
Everything will depend upon the manner in whi.li troops are
handled, <.r n.aneuvred, in the warn to eonu-, as has b«.n den.onHtrat.Ml
iu a n.easure by the results in the British-Koer .an.paign; although,
should a conflict arise between two such nations as I'Vunce and Ger-
many, which have the flnest artillery in the worl.I, th." outcome woul.l
be more satisfactory to n.ilitary strategists than that of the Kouth
African controversy. Them" two countries reju-esent the very hi.r|,f.Ht
types of discipline and equipment, f.u- they have the latest improved
guns and ammunitions, their artillerymen are trained to th(> Huest p.Int
and nothing has been left undone to bring the service to as near per-
fection as possible.
Be this as it may, the British-Boer war has oj.ened the ey.-s of
the world as to the possibilities for blood-letting offered bv up-to-date
man-killing devices.
Mr. Hudson .Mu-tini, inventor and builder of the Sla.xim machin.-
gan, confessedly, in the opinion of experts on ordnance, the most deadlv
war machine linown, said:
"The Anglo-Boer war has proved the source of nianv um-ful lessons
to military men. It appears from a review of the results of this war
which IS the first of suBl.ient magnitude to give practi.al test to mo.lern'
artillery an.l magazine rifles using smokeless pow.ler, that, instead of
increased efficiency in arms increasing the casualties for the number of
men engaged, the casualties are much diminishe.l. As we compare the
areas over which armies now fight with the areas of buttlefiehls in
former times, it appears that with improvements in efflciencv and range
of weapons, the fighting areas are increased in proportion, and that,
with the doubling of the efficiency of weapons, the size of battleflel.ls is
increaml about fourfold. It is this enormous increas,. of area of the
battlefleld which is resp.,nsible f<.r the lessening of casualties
"By doubling the efficiency and range of weapons, the duration of
ijatflPR H appart-iitly Increased in proportion with the increase of ficht-
ng areas owing to the difficulty of coming to sufficiently close quarters
to conclude matters. It is ..bvious to me that one of the next important
steps to be taken will be in the improvement of means for counter-
balancing the long range factor in modern land fighting bv the intro-
21
ductlon of means for coming to cl«se <,uarter8, means for enabling the
attacking party to move upon the position of an enemv, while at the
name time protecting itself sufficiently against the enemy's fire to enable
the moveimnt being made without too great loss of life
"The .leadly charact.-r of inachin.. guns and magazine rifles, with
e «bsen..c o smoke on the fiehl of battle, renders it out <,f the quesTiou
to attack as formerly, through the open, rush an enemy's position, and
.1.S .dge inn. at the bayonefs point. Under such ..ondifion's there must
< . cssurily be a death zone between contemling armies, which it will be
in.possible to .ross, and battles must be long range duels between
artillerists and riflemen." fa fe •» ueiween
That the combination of the magazine rifle, with defensive lines,
KUI revolutionized the whole practice of warfare as much as did the
invention of gunpowder or the appearan.e of Napoleon was dearly
shown b3- results during the war. It ha.l long been suspected that the
fi St great European struggle would prove this, but nobody was quite
p.epared for tlu. developnu-ut on the side of the Boers of the most
adninced continental s.ience. Oenerals Robert.s, Buller and Methuen
«e e faced by Boer lines twenty and thirty miles long. The field of
>^ aterloo would be a mere pocket upon such .spaces.
Shortly before the beginning of the British-Boer war a leading
• Jerman military expert prophesied that trenches and barbe.! wire
en angleinents, „i combination with the long-range rtfle, would turn
eutren,he.l positions into fortresses and reduce everv battle to a siege
Ihe cover for the defenders, the obstacles to the advance, and the dis^
tance at whi.-h the attacking foive began to lose, meant an exposure so
piol..nged as to .•ompass the defeat ..f the offensive armv. To the new
condition of things the groiiiul in South Africa was wondeVfully adapted,
al hough he superiority of the Brttish as fighters was demonstrated by
t le act that hey several times took entrenched positions at the point
of the bayonet, while the Boers never tried such offensive tactics
Every EiiroiK-an power has sown its frontiers with fortresses
offeriil" 1 1?-"' '""""?'■''•' *"''' ''"'"'"'■> *"" ^^l^^i-i'-nt-es in South Africa
offered nothing conclusive, as would be the case where two first-class
nations faced each other, for the Boers acted entirely on the defensive
Theie was no record of an instance where they took entrenched positions
n
ox Ills WAY TO Tin: VEMi: COXrKnKNTE.
From "St. I'lml ridii.cr-i'icss "
Some I iiiK' lM.f„r,. wiir broke „iit l„.|
"WILL THE ARYSSINIAX \Jf TAKE
From "St. Paul l'i(.ii,.,.r.J»r,.ss.-
HAND?"
out
•"a/K n?M l^^" ^rSsirf'"^ !'-is ......stion who,, it ,v«h r„,„or
«a„H. r„..i. Kru«er':.„Vr;"Hl;;;e:;V.".S'^'vY'"yT '" '"" "•
i;;j. on th.a .. w«h friendly to En.lanll ' d^^.^dS .(^^U;;;!
inorcd
Id
jmol
io
JHHt
¥
BALLOONS USED IN MILITARY OPEBATIONS IN SOUTH AFBICA.
TAKINU OBdEliVAIlONS FROM A BALLOON IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR.
MILITARY BALtOONINQ.-Th*
positions and strength of the Boer forces..
with this spiwratus. ( 1 . ^ We illustrate the system
S^^iuT^^S^;^ tangly; ■ Tw^ rf^he^fflc^is ^^^ u^'duri;;^^^ iulVl^n^^ tSe B;itish- \^-^j^^Z^;^,^ ^/^is bX!^" " ^'
imith •Iw Wog provided with an equipment. At Modder River the British unde r General Methuen accomplished successful operations with the aid of bis baUooM.
the oroun'i, Bv •hia means the whereabouts of the enemy was ascertained am
3
/'
m ?pj
i « S ■- n js -o a
2 V k "
,■3° «?|- -
•S ? »<a 1,-° S 3
-J j:= !i *• t^-P 5
O'V a ♦'Sag
llllf
nil %mt
«S B'^
'.a-5-
/
OIIAPTKH II.
THE AFRICAN CONTINKNT ANI>
AFKirAN KHIMHLH
llEHE an- 12,(HM),0«0 H.inatv iiuU-h .iiul n.'iirly 17.-.,-
0„«,0(»0 i..'o,.<,. m Afii.n, under '"""";;:;>";,•
; anil Mon-n.', Ub.Ha an.l ALvsninia. NMh-.
X';.tr known, went ^. war wUU.n«^.n,.^
()ran«t. Fr.-f State was an in.le,H'n.l.-nl H "K. »' *^
Ca,H. of (lo.Hl llnpe to Kcvpt, »"''f., T , .nHt-uns an.l the Kn^lish
..ort ..istanee of ^^^;::^2X^:^^:>:.^s : W.> s,nare
lanjjnane prevail. AUo(;<'t»«» i>n(,imi"
miles of territory in Afriea. , dianiontls of
Tlu. Kimberley n.ineH f«rn.H»' "' ";;^,)^^ , ^ , re now tl.e .nain
the world, while the «..hl m-h Ih ..f <;-';;;",,,, „,„„ ......dneed
,,o«ne of KnKlandV «old supply. «•» . l«f'4
over »3tUM)00,(M)0 worth of the .^^;".';:\'7' • ^.,„, „„,. „f „„. .H.snihilitieK
I)uri«K the pn^resH "V'";/ i , • ^ uu,^rV s a,. Lthreak of
whhh always fri«htenc.l the «nt.sh '"—;;.,.,. „,, „„..,.« for
the black p..pnlation of South Afrua. Tl.e nativ.H
the traditional eruelty of the latter. ..opnlatu.n in
The disproportion between the »'»"'\" '' ? ,; ^^J ^ .,f the
Sonth Afriea is enorn.ons. In every ^r;;, '' t te t a'^reUer or
eontineut the biaek f^^'"^ ""^^^ j't" ^"^""^ '" " ''"'"''
less extent; in some instances the tllsparuy is si"i
TlIK IIIHTOWY or lill'^ SOlTll
', OUTllANSVAAL.
('(iiintry.
("ape Colony
Itliodesia
'I'ransvaal
Natal
Ilasuttdnnil
Orange Free SI a
Swaziland
Hritishfenlial A
|{ecliuanalaiiil . ■
Ic. . .
frica
DIack.
. l.titMMlOO
. I.OIKMHK)
. sritl.OtId
. .-ilMMMMI
. •jr.d.mHi
. •_'(»(I,(KM»
. sriii.tioti
. •J.-|(»,0(M»
While.
;*,oiKi
titIO
St),tl(ll)
nmi
2,(»t»0
.,,,,,,,„,,, .,f HMcivs. liH luMHvs. Ml JMiu.uie is naturally tlu. ^^^^^^^^
vial here llure are S^,t.,<.(M> ..alivs and -'.-t»,tMI(» whites. Ih. natlNes
„: ; • c:!;;.::.'i .o n,: -.hcin poitio.. or ,he ;;'-i-^^ •;• ;,^;!; ;
Transvaal natiMS .ii. i ,,„, swazi.'S n.nstitnte a s:>noU8
,,,„.,, n.«-^-";;; ;•;;'; :,;':;,1, ,„.. uandi,., over of their
""""'" :"^T „ H .-s a d .nve ..v.-r and ov-r a.ain pleaded for
ik'nvi-vn tiif-' • "'-T -• -'
25
28
]
m
"f MnlavH mill "Oiim. Hovs." t|„. |,,„..,. „f „,,
,-':.;s::;:;t;;;::;';:-^^^^
H«.rt',;i;::::;; ;::;i;:;;:;;;;;,:;^::';;;' -^f'';" - „..
natives ,„Ml f,.w,.r ,hau .-,,r - whius n. n ' '' I''*''" " '"""""
;.;•.' H50.000 nn.lvos an., 500 :uZ i^J^'^^i^: C'^''''! ""•'"
"analan.l, now f,„„,allv ann,.v, ,„,.„. , i" " ' ' "'='"• ""'*'
vaMttn,H,,flan,la.on.:,inM konv^! 'r ' • ""' ""'"'""»'' "'"
n..jT.. .,..n.k...,H.,.s, a., ,i,.. n.-Hj;;:; ^^ z ;; r:r;;'vr :■'
a..".- nil zS;';$;a:;; •;':;;;:;;::;':;:;"; ^*;-'-'- ^^"'.'•- .-1,.,
.-.O.(.0<. whi„. folk. T . . V * V U :^' ""'""""" •"•"•""•>' ""•'
habitant. Tl... Znlns a •■ fin . """""" *" "'*''>■ "'•"*' i>-
not .on.an.inatHt I o."" ;.;:"•■' "'T""""'« ••"-'' """' -"«■"
in the southern an,, oasteru ^etio„H of t,. (Ci„e„t lie tLo Priti^U
^'^^ .-Jf/f/c./.V COXTIXEXT,
'"' I'- •'.«....«.. I.. MM, i, wan .ri . , ■ V *""""•* ''*"•••"••'•"'"'*■
'"""'Kas, l...liatonmanv..M.ahl ih ^ ' """"' "'"' '" '"••-' 'lu-
""^ i:;;"'^- ,'-' "-""■ '.rM:;;;::::';:;:,:;:;;""""-'^ ■•
Na.al. «.|.i..|. „,.H no,;, si f^H,*^;',:'' ' .'!'-'•''••
fa.l ..f ItN .iiH.ov..iv l.v il„. I'oHM.n . ' "•''•"''.'»'•'* "« "ani.. fro.n ,1,,.
to..«alan.l w..,-.. inrorpora,;!,; Ivi,,, j';'"' """ '" "^"" ^"""""<> a.-, An.a-
00... ;:?:.i:;;:;; :;;s;::;;rs;:.r"*" ""' " •""""•""•" - ^^^-
Bei,ii;ana,an(,, noitli of rai... Coi,,,,.. 1. .
P.v...nn...u( of |{,.o,|,.sia in „n -I 1 '.';'" "'"' -•'""MMM.. ri...
"".v. ,t Ih on., of flu. most „, van...; .1 " ">""<h,o„,.,. al Cap,.,..,,.
Krup.r ni..| in .,ip|.,„,ati,- .•onlli, ?„, 1 """''"" "'"' '••••'^''••■"t
n..,:iS:i;j:;::jr;i;':;frt"it i!:^.^^ T'^ "I'"" -^ -^'^
'ival ra,K. (V.l.,ny iu in.p,,..ta„,!,, '"""'•"'" "'"' ""•""••'"« "?
Kasl of Klimlcsi;! IIcm tli.> Iti-itiui. f..«»« 14..
iml.., ,h. E„„.„., He. ,,„„.a E.., A.ri,.. .„ ™i,™r;,.„„„
ZULUS SERVINU AS POUCB IN NATAU
NATAL POLICE.— The native police force is made up of picke<l men from the aeveral Zulu tribe
?tar for police duty. They are acquainted with the people of their respective kraals and keep a record of
hese police usually patrol in pairs in company with a white policeman, and being barefooted they proct
" bprri^ " thr :ihn7t h"tvr knocbed stick, and the Iocs !t!ck for ^.>6rdi*iS i" riue of attack. They are u
nothing of the English language the white ofliccr is necessarily obliged to speak the Zulu language.
AN ENVIABLE PHYSIQUE.— Our illustration shows a type of Zulu of enviable physique. This i»
•cteristica: u type not to be found in the cities performing any kind of labor. He takes care of the cattle anil
take care of the crops of corn on which they chiefly subsist. Being constantly out doors they develop a mus.
ed tribes of southern Natal. The native women of Natal are never employed in any domestic or other servic
IS to 23 years.
AN ENVUBLE ZULU PBYSIQUB.
each chief of a kn».\ sends to the government at least six men every
i such as are engaged in domestic or other duties in the varions towns.
I noiselessly on their beats. They carry no other weapon besides the
ful in keeping control of the native population, and knowing utile or
the put«-blooded Zulu and differs from the Natal Kaffir W many char.
Irinks his "umjuaala," sometimet going on hunting trips. The women
ular and splendid physique and are much envied by the more restrain-
all of such being performed by "umfaans," boys ranging in age from
IHMMi
/^
''■■■^''mmmm^^^^^'^>^\.
M^^^^
the siege owing to their lack of water
mi,ied .hem and cut off the V aUs hili.v „f ."'"' """' '?' ''rinking purposes ' Tl e foers wen, fiiT^ .i^ m Yk"" "'"'J- ""'y. "-ere
iver Mountains, not far from
the solid wall of rock it has
subtemnrnn csnals th£t r;:-
in bathjng in the cool', "clear
Ti,« S™,. """ X"^""'"^ ''"'*'■ "■» nearly dry. there
^i^^fX'rj .^■lir.r^'!!'!?.--? ot th^'natw:
THE AFRICAN CONTINENT.
29
extending nortliwontcily to the Upper Nile Valley. Englnnil's otlier
IMmseHsiouH inchule Soniulilaml and the Urilish Nifjer coiiiitry.
Events durinj; the paHt few years have made the South African Ue-
publie, or Transvaal, one of the most prominent countries of the world,
although the popnlation was not large nor the inliabitants advanced in
civilization. Being the richest gold-bearing section on earth, and jios-
8e8sing men who not only claimed independence, but were ever ready
to light for what they laid <hiim to— although persistently refusing to
foreigners the freedom and justice they <lenianded for themselves — tills
little country, naturally eno\igh, became the scene of tiirinoil and turbu-
lence. When in danger from attacks by savage tribes the Hoers, as the
Dutch citizi-ns of the Hepublic are called, were ready entujgh to accept
the aid of the Englisli, and have even admitted that had it not been
for the British soldiers the Zulus, Matabeles and other lighting tribes
of blacks would have wiped the <lescendant8 of the Hollanders off the
very face of the earth.
Nevertheless, so narrow-minded were the Boers that they utterly
reftised to treat the foreigners who went to the Transvaal upon the di-
rect invitation of President Kruger, althougli these same fori'igners—
ITitlanders — paid nine-tenths of the exiienses of tlii' National (Jovern-
inent, with any sort of dei'ency or give them any voice in the conduct of
affairs. The Boers were always afraid that, once given the franchise,
the I'itlauders, the great majority of wlunn were Englishmen, would
either vote the Dutch out of existence or force them to the wall, as the
foreigners in the Hepublic outnumbered the natives. Had it not been
for the discovery of diamonds and gold neither the Orange Free State
nor the Transvaal wouhl have attracteil the attention of the Englisli
to any extent, but when these mines were op^'ued foreigners rushed in
there much to the discomfort and disgust of the staid Dutchmen, who
preferred the quiet of farming to the rush and linrry of business. Out-
side of the farm the only thing that ever interested the Boer was hunt-
ing. As soon as a boy or girl was old enough to know what a gun was,
one was put in their hands and they were traine<l to shoot.
Mentally the Boers were ever dull; they never cared for education,
President Kru"er luiving never lenrtieil to more than read and write,
and steadily fought all improvements, and accented the railroad only
when practically compelbnl to; women were never given high standing,
not even being pennitted to sit down at table with their husbands, nor
allowed to bare their heads at any religious exercises. Even Mrs.
Kruger, although the wife of the Chief Executive of the Hepublic, was
lu'ver more than upper servant in hi'r liusband's household, never had a
thought of her own and always obeyed her liege lord ab.solutely in all
things. In the Transvaal women were regarded merely as mothers of
children and housekeepers. They were not allowed to talk polities,
nor do anything their fathers or husbands did not ap))rove.
Contrary to the general impression, the Dutch did not see Soutli
.Vfrica Hr,st, for in l(i2t> an English tlag was raised theic. It was first
visited by Diaz, the 5;reat I'orlUiinese explorer, in 1 JS(>, wliose sovereign
gave the name to the Cape of tiood Hope. The Dutch founded Cape
Town in l(i52, and Hollanders iiiinraled Ihei'e in considerable numbers
afterwards, heliiing Ihcniselves to the land they wanted. When the
Dutch (iovernors sought to lax them lliey resisied and trekked north-
ward and eastward as far as possible to be out of the way. Even to
this day the Boer, wliirli is Dutch for fariuer, dislikes to pay taxes to
anybody for anything.
From 171)5 to IMOl* Knuland held South .\frica, jestoring it to Hol-
land by treaty, but in ISOd, to keep it from Napoleon, ICn^laud took it
again, and held it !iulll ISI4, when she bought Cajie (.'idony and other
territory from llelland Utr :iii:i(t,lltm,tHI(», which ended tlie history of the
legal o<-cuiiatioii of So\ith .Vfrica by the Dutch.
In ls;U the (ireat Trek occurred, when about 10,(HMt Dul<h emi-
grated from Ca|H' Cidony because tlie English (iovernment had liberated
tlieir slaves by [turchase and iiaid Iheiu less than they thought their
hunuui property wiu'tli.
They moved north across the Orange Kiver into the Orange Free
Stale, and eastwards over (he Drakensberg .Mountains into Natal;
thence the most enterprising pushed north again across the Vaal Hiver
to fiuiu the South African He|)ublic. The story of their long journeys
into unknown refiions, their strngyles against misfortunes, anil their
tierce <'onlests with native tribes, make a picturesiiue page in history.
There was all sorts of trouble between the EnK'isl> and the Dutch,
the latter being badly beaten in a light at Boimiplats, in the Orange
Free Slate, in IS 18, having resisted the attempt of the British to ex-
ercise sovereignty over the Orange Free State, .\fter the battle there
was another trek, headed by A. W. .T. Pretorius, who led his jKirty across
the Vaal Kiver and set up an indejH'ndent state, which was recognized
30
THE AFRICAX COMTINENT.
bv En}j;lnn(l after a ronfci-cticc kiuiwu as th,. Sand Kivcr « 'on vent ion,
Jannaiy 17, 1S52.
The (liKiinicnt sipii-.! bv the Hiilish (\.niniiKsi(.U(Ts au<l the ii'inv-
iicntalivcs of tlic Hocrs lead, in paii :
"Tlic assistant coniiiiissioiicis ffiiarantcc in tlit- fnllt'st nianncr, on
tlu' part of llic Hrilish (iovcrnnicnt, to the ininiif^rant fanners be.vonti
tlie Vtial Kiver, (lie ri-tiit to nianajie llieir own alTairs ami to {{dvern
tlieniselves accordin};; to llieir own laws, withoni aiiv interference on the
part of the Hrilisli tJovernnient ; and that no eiuroaclinient shall be
made liv the said Oovernmeut on tiie territory be.vond, to the north
of the Vaal IJiver, with the fnrther assnrance that the warmest wish
of the British (Jovernment is to promote iKace, free trade, ami friendly
intereoiirse with the inimipraut fanners now inhabilin};, or who maV
hereafter inhabit, that lountry, it being understood thai this sysleiii
of non-interferen<e is biiidinp; upon both parties.
"Should an.v inisunderslandin}; hereafter arise as to the true mean-
ing; of the words the Vaal Kiver, this question, in so far as re^aiMls the
line from the source of I hat river over the Drakensber-;, shall be settled
and adjusted bv commissioners chosen by both pailies.
"Her Majesty's Assistant Commissioners hereby disclaim all alli-
ances whatsoever and with whomsoever of the colored nations to the
north of III,. Vaal Kiver.
"It is a;n'<'<'d that no slavery is, or shall be, permitted in (he counlry
to the north of the Vaal Hiver by the imminraui farmers."
Courts of law were provith'd for, and altlioufih the boundaries of the
new State wvw not fi.xed, it was not lliou}{ht there would be any Inmble
over that <pieslion. The ;;enerally understood boundaries, however,
were the FJmpopo River on the noHli, the Vaal Hiver and a line a litlh'
above Kuniman on the south, the Kalahari Deseil on the wesi, and
the mountainous country corresixindinf; with the Drakensberr; <m the
east. This conceded much, even although it dhl not go to the extreme
length the Transvaal delegates went when they placed their proposals
l)efon» the Earl of Derby in I.,oudon in IHKl. It is of siguiticance that
the document always uses the phrase "nonii of the Vaal Kiver" as the
one geographical tenn ade.piately describing the territory in (piestion.
Of course, only a small part of the immense territ<U'y now covereil bv
the South African Kepuiilic was at that time actually occupied by the
immigrants, who, all told, did not number over 20,()0t),
1 lu'i-e was not one, but four, republios in the Transvaal for the first
<loz.-n years, whose ceulers were I'otchefstroom, Zoutpausberg, hvden-
burg and rtr.'cht. Itetwwu these States thew w.'re differences .so bit-
ter that Ml more than om- occasion battles ensued. The strife how-
ever, ,lid not prevent lh,.n. from uniting whenever any movement on
minve ribes was nec'ssary. Eirorts at the nui f the four began in
IS.,,, wh.-n Jlarlinus W,.ssel IMel.uius, I'lvshU.nt of |h,. I{,.publi.. at I'o|.
«h..fslrooiu, obtain..d the as; enl of the other tlnve centers to a constitu-
lion, aiHl in IMU the one Kepubli,. was aduallv eslablish.Ml I'relorius
was ,.ho.s,.„ IMrsi.Ient, ami the C<unniamlant.<ien..ral was St..,dianus
•lohaums I'aulus Krug.-r, a mighty warri.u- and politiduu, who after-
wards iMMame Chief Executive of (he Slate.
. '" ''"'•■■' ' " "f *'»' H<'l»«iblic sufT.-red d,-f,.al in battle bv the
(nb,.of Haramapulai.as, which ha.l res,.nt,Ml the ,l,.pr,.,lal s of Mioer
coiiimand(,, the I{o,.r C.,.neral being non.- ol ■ than the iv,loub(abl..
Krug,.r, who, nev,.r b,.for.-, had lowered his ,„lors to an en.-niv So
compl,.|,. was 11... ivvers,. that the Moer farm..rs ha.l to ,l,.seit th,'. neigli-
bonng .lislri.l, aii.l th,. ri.h region of the Zoutpausberg was f.u'saken
by the while farm.-rs for s.uue years. The news ,.f IhiM native triumph
spi-.-ad with th,. utmost rapidity fnun tribe t,> Irib... <Mh,.rs -m-w ladd-
er in every direction, f,.,.|ing that def,.al was noi inevitable and Hi,.
Hoers not invincibl... hi Mechuanaland several ,hi..fs b,.gan to assert
an iiHlepeml,.nce very disagreeable to the arr,.gaiit faniu'is who as-
s.'Hed sovereignty mainly b.-cause they were whil,-. ami' trouble was
bred on ,-very siile. Th,. Uoen^ had never resp,., I,.d the rights of the
blacks, but had |M'rsislently treated them as worlhy of heing slaves ami
n,»thiiig else.
In 1S71 matters in the Keimblic ,ame I,, a < risis when the r,.signa-
lion of rresi,lenl I'retorius was forced by the c(uiservativ,- eb-inent, of
whi.h CommandantOeneral Kniger was the h-ader. The Kepublic had
claimed the. territory to the southwest of the Tninsvaal, near Hi,' dia-
moml liel.ls, just n.uth of the Vaal Hiv.-r, but tinally agr,M-,l to submit
111,' matti-r to arbitration, the Hrilisli LieutenanttiovenKU- of Natal
being chosen as umpire. <!ov<rnor Keale <Iecided against the Trans-
vaal, ami although the latter had agreeil to abide by the d,.,iHioii, th,.
{{jia.l repudiated the pro. •e<.d!!!|ra jux) demanded I'rer^i.l.ui rretorius'
resignation, which was promptly given.
During IIiIh period— from 18(54 to 1871— nc. progress of uny kind,
I
A TYPICAL BOKB BOY.
A SOUTH AFRICAN BABOON.
TYPICAL BOER BOY
accustomed to outdoor life, he becomes
and he looks upon aiy definite occupation as a
number of shct^, uui tny—' '■'■■'■- '■- -^~-■!"!=!--• -•
It is not until the younc Boer reaches the age of fifteen that he receives even an elementary education. All
ecomesimbu«l wftlf a split of careles,„e«. aifd indifference to .natters requiring con.s.derat.on ami a^^^^^^ H
Allowed perfect freedom of action and
s maimer is surly but not aggressive,
s:i!iir^-^^"-=^o°,!=^^
~j.~.^{ j^f *l*j. vuwurrAOU of t*l*
worw"' ofr ';Z'^;n7^^:Sne.^:::i^u^-c^.u^^n^ ?hat is at once cold and forbidding.
THB AP-RICAN BABOON in it. wild .tateismo^dangerous and fero^^^^^^^^^^
Lf u'^?h";i"o!.f6\'i!5irr.u.rr.^;^^^^^^^ «"- '"» «--" -"-°' ■=-•'"- -''-''' "''
soon die*.
M
t
H]
llflll
aj .. g ••a
lfl|f|
■vSiiiilS
IsS
g^'»2 §■§.
•■3-?.a».s.g
hil'-i
' "- mo"- 2
.sO II
Bg'
il2 !
S.2'
THE AFRICAN CONTINENT.
88
social or political was made; the story ..f the internal affairs of tlie He-
l.ublic was one of }jr..win},' ifjnoianc.. an.l bitteiiu-ss unt.l a state of
actual collapse was reached. The population had increased at a con-
siderable rate, and a generation of Hoers sjrew up wlu. were really more
i.ruorant thai, the fathers who had first enfred the land, l-ewer of
then, could read or write, fewer of them had ever tasted anytUinn of
„„ „r,lerly government, fewer of them had ever been l'";k«-<l '" i"""
science as to their treatment of the dep.'ndeut ra.-es. They ..ok f„
granteil that their is.date.l way of life was that which the will of (iod
ordained, and that the clearing out of bla.ks ("brambhV' as they were
called) was a divine duty impose.l by tlie H.riptures of the Old Testa-
ment. No r<.ads were made, and hardly ever a bridge was though ..f.
Trade was carried on by means of barter almost entirely, and civiliza-
tion was losing its hold uiMm the inhabitants. , , ^, ^ ,.„*tlw.ir
All at once the Transvaalei-s cauie t<. t!ie conclusKm that what tUeir
rulers lacked was e<lucati..n an.l a.quaintance with the affairs of the
world Thev d.'.ide.!, therefore, that the next Pivsi.lent must be a
man of Inrg.^^xperience and a.knowledge.l p..wer, an.l Thomas Francms
Burgers, at one time a minister ..f the Dutch Uef..rmed Church, whose
views had grown t..o broad for that offlce, a man ..f unbounded yig..r
of iutellcMt, great ambiti..n, real kn..wh'.lge ..f affairs, and possessing a
great gift of ringing and i.ersuasiv oraton-, was elevatml t.. the execu-
five chair, greatlv to the disgust of Commandant-Heneral Kruger and
bis non-p^ogressive f..llowing. President Burgers had a hnrd inie of
it for Kruger and his partisans u.ade his life a burd.-n, and ndief only
came wheirthe Uepubllc, in 1877, was de.laml by «}reat Bntain as an-
nexe<l to Cape C.iiony. , , , . •
The new Tresi-lent was ambitious, but t.... far ah.md of his peopl.>,
wh.., 8.Mm after his cl.Mti.m, regrett..d that lh.y had chosen a man not
„ mtlve or a religious fanati.. IMvsideu. Burgers told the Boers th..
i:,.n„blic slumld attain standing and high dignity am..ng the great p..«-
,>rs of the world, bet insisted this could not be brought about with... t
extensive public improvements in the way of r..ads, bridges and rail-
ways lie adv.H-at,.d bett.T laws, especially th..se dealing in a broader
^.J ;,.uh oo-rnm-nt hm,U and native lan.ls, and legislation having in
view all tlu's,. improvmeiits in admi.n«trati..n an.l g..v..rnment was m-
tuallv secured. Then the PiTsident made a visit to Europe t.. obtain
the monev for the vast schemes ho had outlined, but it was a compara-
tive failure. Instead of the $1,500,000 he^ aimed at he only secured
ab.>ut #450,000. >\ ith tins he purchased the material f.ir building a
railway, and had this transport.'d proipptly to L.>renz.t Mar.iues, where
it lay uiidisturbe.l f.ir years and went t.t rust and destruction. Du
his return lie f.iund that the a.ting President, Kruger, wh.) was chosen
Vi.'e-Pr.»sident at the time of Burgers' election, and ('oiiimandant-(ien-
eral Joubeit, had w.irked u|) a great public sentiment against him,
mainly .>n the groun.l that he was a heretic, an infi.h'l and an unbe-
liever, who did not believe in giving (Jod credit for everything; but, in
fact, was sacrilegious enough t.i deny the Cieator th.' honor due. Be-
ing the wildest, sternest and nmst unc.impromising of oig.ds, this sort of
warfare apiieal.'d directly to the religiors faiiati.ism .d the burghers,
the consequence being that tliey became .ipeii enemies of tlie Presi-
dent; deliberately igimn-d the legislati.in he had secured and ren-
dered it impossible f.ir him to r.'alize a number .»f his administrative
schemes.
Everything seemed t.) w.u-k against President Burgers. In 1875 a
dispute ar.)se with the Bapedl tribe, I.hI by t'hief Secocoeni, regarding
some land, and Burgers, at the liead .>f a force .>f 2,500 Boers and 1,500
black allies, atta.k.'.l the Bapedis, being suc.essful in the first two bat-
ties of tlie campaign, and .apturing the stronghold garrisoned by
Johannes, the brother .if t'hi.-f Secoc.ieni, after whom the city of Johan-
nesburg was nani.'d. The taking and sacking .)f the place was assigned
to the black allies of the Boers, the Svvazis, who pniceedwl witli their
w.»rk in the most inhuman manner; the place was destroyed; J.diannes
was slain, and tlie w.mien and children, after being subinittert to the
most horrible t.ntures and atrocities, waiit.mly murdered. This was
the sort .if warfare waged by the pe.iple .tf a nation des.ribed as distinc-
tively religi.ms, who carrhHl on these pra.tices under the cl.)ak .if Old
Testament examples, and mad.' slaves of those captives they did not
kill.
But vengean.-e was at hand. On the 2d of August, 1S7(!, the B.iers
attacke.1 the mountain on whi.h Secocoeni himself was intrenched.
The Boers had not the c.mrage to face tills problem with any sort of
liersistence, for, as soldiers., they had been accnst.mied t.i fighting in
the open with those who had no firparms, and from behind breastworks
and trenches when dealing with those who had them. The attack
failed, the Boeis returned iu disgrace to Pretoria, and I^resident Burg-
mmmm
34
"".I '''-.MH 'J";i;j;;:';:;';;":;;' ';:.:^ '"" •""'^.t to nH.,v..„a,.i..s.
f.-". l.n-.s of So„u. Af..i,.a , " t "?"'*: '" "'■•^'""' ""^ ^' f"
"-..■'l ;:ov.rn,n,.„, an.l ,,v H./il.; ,'''*';'''!''''''•''' '•>'' -••''•''•'l Hvil-
'•"'-■'""• '''"" -ar lini . , , r 7"".""''"''* "'•" '""' "••<"<'f"i f"."
^nlus an.l Su ,,.is ,1.,, .1. ',:, ,'"■''''''''•■•''''«■ '"" '""viHions „f ,1.!:
^-'•" .1.1.^. ,na.I.. „,. „i, n, I ,::;:;•, ""■"^■"•^•"' '"" l'<-.-.fal
"s.-If for ,„vi„. „u. ,l,.|,r of I I. : , . "*'•'•■ "'•l""-<"'"f.v woul.l oftVr
"••"••■ '"""•'""'■" "< <"'■ t • . : rr'"' '!"■ '""'"^ "^ f"" "•"••".
f"".v .aiTi. „, „,H,. pa f , . r ',"'"'^'"' ''•"■■• ""■>• ''■•>.l fnitl..
'■'•"'■. f«"' <l,..y ha.l ,o .lial wiih T ; , ;;k"": """""^ """■'• '•-♦. 1...W.
"".V, was fo,,-..,| (., sum.M.l..,.. "'"'^vaal t...Ti<.,..y „.;„, i,,,,,,,.
•■"■!'- to ,i„. n..H„ of ,„ . ';':•";';;■'""> •"<-"-iv..s in,,/,,,,,.
""■"• """ "■-.'..nn.-n,. an.l ^^^ ;:;,!'''','' [''"' """ '"•■■"■""".•'I nn....,-
'•'N.sons fop ,l.o w,.akn..ss .,f t,,,.' l{ ..'o ' ' ' '""' """■" "^ ""' f-''^'-''^
^" '"-• ■ -nin,. f.a. ,ri. ^;:;;S?' "■ •• "•■ -^••- -<--"-^
"• '•-'; <in.n. wm. .,H..s an., n:S,!^„;'''*"" """" ^""^- -" '■-i^-
'">f, f lu- . a n.li,la(,.sl„.i„.,.,, ,4,1, .'„'*'' -^''■"•'" '«-l"'"'li'' was no..
."a-a..o...al ..u... ...eve. .^^I^n l^' ^ i.::;^:
'/■///• AhRlCAX COS'Tl^EMT.
f'Miu.l i„ til.. (Jo>e,i„n..„t Offlres in tnn 1 •
"'•V"nHn..nt l.o ,.at,,,, ,.„, „„. ,,/; // " ^ ' '"' •"<''"<• '"ti.o „„,,,,. „„.
"••"•"*♦ against annexation an. ,, ! r? •'"l""afion to Lon,|„„ ,f,
'■;"'"" '"•' "'"l-f"--'.", l.n ' !£r "'-^ :'!*^""" '•"• "'.roloni.., re.
"'"f annexation was tinal ' "' '"'" ""'"' "« "".v ''a.l .•x,..-.te,l,
|.-aufs, ,H.ar,il, w.-l^.n....; ';.:;. ';;;:;'"'''';^' i'" ""^ <'"nnnu inu.; -
''<'f«-..n a harassing. pov..rtv an. ?.',,. 7' '' """'""" «"' <li'r<T..n..e
-ns,. of .s,..,,,it,. an-Ta p..-.nn. ..;,'"" ;'V """"•■'">' '•"^"•-" "
;'.' •"" H".-s ,li,| .„.f approv, ,;:,•; ' •'^"'■""'- V-t th.. n.ajo.i.v
'"" "•'•'« l^-'I" aliv.. 1.V , .„ p,.r ;, , 7 ' "' "^*'"' '.""' f'-i'' -Nssatisfa.:.
'",""' »-<-ts t., wl.i..,. tl.::t ;,,':,.;;;' ;■'' •••""- "-"'in.s, forn.n-
^V,"":"^'"- """^'l"*" with tl... ..X.!.!, "f ' ' ' '""' •'*■"" '"f-f'-v.!
•;;< .•.■«l,.rs of pop,„,„i..„, l,.van.. it 1.... r ■'"''"' ''"''"f '''''">•"•
'"•' "■•i'isl. ConMoission.; all v^, tl'w ';•"""" "' ''"' "«'^""""^.
-«"...-.:.l i. ontir..!,, an.. y^uJuZV^^^Xu !'^ r^''"'''^ '"• '"''">•
'■'■'"'"'"" "'" '"'"l-'H Hvr,. allow .1 "■'"'•'' '""''■"'' lik"..l..'n
Hiitisl. (!..v..r„n,..nt pr.u.n.e 1 o . ,. .'T !''"''' '"''"' '"♦""<'»' <'f <l'"
;'^ «;t"-- '-i '.. ami ;:';;;; ;^ "-;- - -'pr.ssion
'"K'slativ.. .•l,an.b..r, as pr..n.is.., k 1 .1 ' ^'"''"■" ^" "'•"^■'■••<' a
l'<'at. ' "'"" "' "^''J'^ "'t' antrer .,f tlu- Dnt.l, at while
a"no„n,.in,r th.. r.....slal.lishn„.„t ..f-.f^,; ','"""•""* " •"•"<'""""-"
'^.s"«I on I)..,...„,|„.r I,!, isMO this 1... /h '"'"" ""'"'»'"'• "»«
"f HO.TS h..hl at I'aar.l,:kraa.'af ',"/'';' '""'"'^ "^ " ."ass.,n.H.|i„K
*"^ 'v'"^-. f<- ■ iT..si,;;: ' p,; ^ :':'ru '" ?" "-'--'-"
•""'""I as th.. ,.„i,.f .•..pres..ntaliv..M f , , ?;'."'"'" ■^'•'""'••' "f'''*^
tration of affaii.« was V.wumed Vli lt"t " '"' '""" ♦'"' '"'"""'•«•
' "'"^ P^'^'"'^ «'°ce uunexatiou being re-
ipfPrcaidcnt
i<(' iiiulcr tli<'
"••('i'I>t«Ml pny
« LdikIou to
I'l" Hion aiKl
^'oloiiics, if-
I b<'tt(.|<'(lii-
'iDiiii iiiiini-
•Mliffcrciice
i between a
lie iiiajoiity
•lisHutisfac-
Vite-I'resi-
l^S, foMiill-
illfeifeicd
f, (lle.v <li(I
"« |)<»|»llil-
<>f the „1,I.
llftitatioiis.
"I- rather
like open
liiiSH (hat
nie of the
iiipreN.sioii
provide a
lit white
vledjje of
I'lniatioii
lilic waH
i-inectiii};
la mat ion
'I'l were
!><Iiuini.<i-
•eiiig re-
upon the licad. the hair irrowinir into ih» «,.» .„,i i,. : *. A" '.'. ;^f" ^ is a laiigjea mass of feathers of vanous kinds set upon a crown of native wax, fimilv set
upon the head: the hair growing int! the waTand b^^tll^X fi"m Sr;L;ot*"t1i„"v;Tv^uJ-"''"m.i . TT •""" ,- . ~'
^'Sn-.i'li'lS P'fA?.^.^™«_^Ji!L-!?^r.''> «'"'••" '1-= -a^rls known. This i^Si^^ by the ^li^'a^J ^^^Jt}!^^^^.:^::}^}"::^'^^- "'"g'"..': ^adie or
u^.:,, -- V ' ":\"'" »;"""■« '"i" ine wax anu DecomiiiEr so firm i
>',
mumi
E.i
8 OIA
fiHi-
5Ji
*-2
"fs -
PBr..;'S5§|
a
libs §5 U
•sll ill |i|
s|2F:ilia-
a— ■- « jj euu u ^.*
IS.
r|l.5:g1||-
F1 O AI •■• M U S Jl
8«r
B M o if*
1-2.
5 a
■C
iiiilllll
mni
■a n S °;a t-S
r//C AFRICAN CONTINENT.
garded merely as au Intem-gmini when the fuuitiou» of the repub-
lican government were in ubeyance,
A messenRer w.ih also sent to RiitiHJi ( •onnuissiouer Sliepstone au-
nouneinR tliix action and nivinj,' liini fort.v-cijrhi hourH to snrremler tlie
i<)Hntr.v,altli.iU!J!li tlilw same day tljihthiK benan at I'otcliefHtroom, wliere
tlie HiK'rs attackiKl a patKd of Kufjlislimeu. On tlie 2«tli tlie first blood
wa« Hhed at Hronker's Hpruit. Colonel Anstrnther, with 250 men, met
all at once a force of about '.00 moanted Hoers, and wliile nefjotiatin};
under the white Ha^ the Hoers took up every vantii;;e point. Then
Colonel Anstrnther was (old he must cease ids march to Pn-toria until
they heard CommiHsioner Hliepstc 's answi r to the proelaniation of the
Hepublic. Anstrnther replie<l he must obey ordei-s, and intended to
move cm, bat before he could return to his men the Hueis, who had sur-
rounde«l the little force and placed themselves behind every rock and
tree available, poured a deadly lire upon them. The ofllcerH were care-
fully i)icked out and everyone of tl. .n shot dcnvu. Wiihin flfteen ndn-
utes fifty-six of the Hritisli were killed, 101 wounih'd (in<ludin},' a wom-
an), and the dyiuff Colonel jj:ave the signal for surrender. The British
troops hardly tired a shot.
Soon afterwarils the Hritish ffan-istm at Potchefstroom surrendered
to (leneral Cronje, and then came Majid>a Hill, one of the most remark-
able fucurrences in military history, (leneral Kir (Jeorfje Colley, with
(100 men, occupie<l Majuba Hill, which overlooks both Natal and the
Transvaal, February LMI, ISSI, leavirifr the main force in camp below,
(leneral Joubert, comnmndinfj the Uoers, was about to retreat when
he was notifie<l that this force was isolate<l and unsupported, and call-
ing for volunteers, he ordered an attack on the morniufj of Jhe 2Tth.
The British on the friufre of the summit coidd not reach the Boers climb-
in<; the jtrecipitous sides of the nnuintain, while the latter, from behind
boulders and other shelter, pi<k<"d off the ICnjiIish at will. The top of
Majuba is hollow, like a crater, and into this (ieneral C<dley withdrew,
where his men were HiauKhlered and he met his deatli. Finally the
remnants of his force surren<lere(I.
When this news reached Eii;.;land a force ..f troops under Sir Fred-
erick Itoberta, afterwards Field Marshal and Commander-in-Chief of
the English forces in South Africa during the Jlritish-Boer war which
begnu lu the iuller imrl of 18J)9, was sent to the scene of trouble,
but before they could be ushI Mr. Oladstoue decided that the Transvaal
37
should be given up, ami self-government once more granted to the Hoers
10 determine tins a cmnns^ion was appointed, its report being made
the basis of the document known as the Pretoria Convention of 1881
Ac.ording to this arrangement the Transvaal once more received self-
g.»vernn.ent, the British <J.>v..rni ,t appointing a U.-sident at Pretoria
who sh.mid supervise the relations of the Boer people to foreign Gov-
ernments and natir.. tribes outside and within the Transvaal. Oreat
Britain had spent In four years, in the administration of affairs, sub-
i/olmllim T V'T •'':"'•' "^'"" '""" '"'" '••"" '••""'^■•"1 '» ♦»■''-. "»'"-'f
^l,im,m), but the lrans^aal was re.piired to assume only #l,:t00 000
of this as a debt. ^ ^ > >
It was not until ISSIl that the S«.uth African BejMiblic #as fullv r.-
habilitated, at which time Mr. Krnger a.hieve<l his life ambition, being
elected to the Presidency. *^
The (Vmstitution of"the Hepublic is based upon equality, b.dh as
reganls men and religious cree.Is. Hh„ks, und those whites not natives
<.f the Transvaal and .lescendants (,f Hollanders, were barred from pir-
t.cipath.n in all government alTairs, an.l the Dutch Keformed Chur.h
was the established and endowed eliurch of the State. The republic
was simply an oligarcliy, a minority in .ontrol, while the majority ..f
the male inhabitants, th.«<e who owned the greater part ..f the propertv
in the country and paid nine-tenths of the ta.xes, were disfranchised
completely. The National Legislature, compose.l in the main ..f native
Dutch, called the Volksraa.l, was supreme, even bare n-solutions of that
body having the effect of law and above criticism from the highest judge
m the lan<l. This put enormous power, tirst, into the hands of the U-g-
islature, and, second, into the hands of the President. Tlie Legisla-
ture had no check whatsoever upon its methods.
F(M- scmie years now there existed what was called the Second
Volksraad, which was not provided for in the Constitution, but was
created by President Kruger for the purpose of meeting the desires of
the riitlanders. Its sp<«cial function was supr.osed to be the regulation
of mining ojierations. The memhery were .hosen bv those who after
two .\ ears' residence in the country, had become naturalized. The value
of this chamber was practically nil, for none of its legislative acts could
take effect until approved by the First Volksraad, while -.m the other
hand the latter Hcmse could pass laws which did not need the assent of
the other body.
38
THE .U'KICAX COSTtSEXT.
m
III 1SS4 Pivsidont Kninci- wt-ut to Loiidtiii !i( tlic lioml <if a liocr
i|i'|iiitaliiiii III |ii'iitrsl ii;;iiiiist tlii' iiiiill<-r of Itritisli Hii/.iTniiitv, or cnii-
ti'iil iiT tilt- ri)ri'i};ii itliitiiiiis liiiiil ili'aliii;.'s \\itli sava};i' Irilics) nf Iht-
lk('|iiilili(', tilt' result lit'iiii; a iiiiMJiticatlnii iif tlit- I'lcturia ('luivt'iitloii
calli'il till- {^•iiiloii rtiiivt'Utiiiii, ill wliii'li ,sii/,i'i'aiiity was nut nii iitluiii'il.
(ii'i'at Itriiaiii, howi'vcr, never vji'lilt'ii the ri^lit oT a snxeraiii, ami tiiis
was the i|iiestiiiii ii|iiiii wliicii Mritiiii anil Huer splil ami brought aliiiut
the war.
Tile ile|iiitati<>ii ileiiiamleil of l.nl-d Deiliv roiiijijete iiiile|iemleni'e
<if (ireiit Iti'itain ami cuntrol of Smith Afrini iiurtii of ('a]ie ('ninny, ami
as the niajoi'itv uf the iiilialiitants iif the latter are |)ut('li the ^raiitin^
iiT this ileiiiaml wniild have lieeii a liiii<; steji towaril the realixatioii of
that dream wiiieli liad lie<;iin to take definite sliape and form in the
minds of tlie liners — an Afrikaiidei' or Duteli lii'imlilie lliat slionid em-
lirate the eiitii'e teiTitofies of Sontli Afficii within its boiimlaries.
Lord Pel'liv refused to eonsidei- the demand re<>avdiii}; the iionii-
iKii'ies as a wlnde, lint takin;; the matter up in detail pi'eseiited tiie
Itritisli view of tlie case witli clearness and precision, the result beiiifr
that the llepnlilic, while olitainint; iiiaii.v accessions of territory did not
\H'\ what it mainly ilesired — the lar<;e tract of land lielon^in^ to tribes
under the control of Kii;:laml, which tlie Transvaal had lonj; coveted.
Tlie matter with which the dele^i-atioii was most concerned, how-
ever, was tiiat of suzerainty. This word had occurred only in tho pre-
amble of the Pretoria ("onveiitioii of 1S8I, and a word hitherto iiiiknowii
to international law or to any of the relations of the Hritisii lOnipirc.
Its sifiiiiticance was defined in the articles of llie convention, and es-
pecially detined by the presence of a Hrilish Resident at Pretoria
throii;;li wlioiii all the coiTespondeiice of the Hoer <!overniiienl with any
other < iovernnieiit had to pass, and to whom all new laws reirulatiii}; the
irovernnieiit of natives witliin the 'lYansvaal had to be submitted. The
deputation urjied that the presence of this Hesident at Pretoria rather
Iiiudered than facilitated the work of government. They found that
this way of corres|>ondin}; with foreiyrn jiowers was roundabout and
roniidicate<l, and iirj^eil that since only through lli(> Itritisli Resident
were they able to coiiiiiiunicati' with native chiefs outside of the He-
public, it "had led to a i^reat increase of cattle thefts by the Katllrs";
tliut the Transvaal Uovernnient was hindered in its adininistratiou of
justice on its own borders.
The depiitiitiou also claimed that, inasiniicli as all new reKnlatioii8
rejrardiiiH: the native inhabitants of the Transvaal had to be approved
by the Mritish represent all vt', the iuterests of these natives were in-
jured rather than conserved by this method, while "milder and at the
same time more satisfactory measures could be taken, if we were at
liberty to at once make provision suitable to every eiuerj;eiicy than if a
previously sanctioned law has to provide jienerally for t\{'Vy possible
occurrence."
When the articles of the fonveiition were tinally approved I,, Lord
I>erby and the Hoer deputation the word suzerainty was indeed miss-
iilK, but tlie Fourth Article read as follows:
"The South African Kepiildic will conclude no treaty or ennajiem.-iit
with any state or nation other than the (halite Free State, nor with
any native tribe to il astward or westward of the Kepublic, until the
same has been approved by Her Majesty, the (iueen."
Naturally eiiotifih, this, in the eyun of inttrnational law, deprive<l
the Transvaal (iovernuient id the ))o,-isession of full international sov-
ereijinty. The Smith .Vfrican Hepiiblic by ai cedi'i}; to it ackiiowled(,'ed
that the Hepiiblic, in all important relations to oIh )• tiovernments, Kii-
ropean or S^uitli African, and even to native trilns, stood in a relation
of real dependence upon the Hritisii croun.
Knjtland, however, a};ieed to withdraw its Hesident and jfrnnt full
power to self-irovernnient to the South African Ki-piiblic, which was for
the tirst time fmiually reco};nized under that title. \ Hrilish ofllcer
would reside at Pretoria, or elsewhere within the South African Kepub-
lic, to "discharije functions aiialojrous !, those of a consular olVice."
The inde|)endence of the Transvaal, thus frianted without beiuf; asserted
or defined in any article, was, as could be seen, curtailed by the Fourth
Article.
The RiK'rs were never satisfied with the London Convention, al-
thonjib they ratified it, and strenuously insisted that its indepeiidenee
was complete. Had feidin^f toward Knjilaiid ;;rew steadily, and becaiu"
inteiisilied by the demands of the ntlanders, who, very foolishly,
KoiiKlit to obtain by force, if neci-ssary, what had been denied them by
legislation. They or},'aniz«Hl the Transvaal National rnion, lioufjlit
arms and ammunition, and finally deiided to revidt. Their headipinr-
teis were at .Tidutnuesburir. where 1.500 men bud been drilled and arme<l,
but before any move could be made Dr. Leander 8. JameHon, uu em-
I
= 3
S'S ft
cr — B ^
ff ©"Si. (*
W o 5.0.
S^'i
o IT ^3
S3'<3
s . I*
3 3
5'-! g o
C.S- &
» a S ai
crQ a 5
n Jt S "
» 2 3 r»
« S ft -,
B ? .. S(
3 2 a\i>
.B.C
S ^ = *•
KU
" JT'O n
K-3 2 a
:■.?&««•««»
ill! eni-
ili
M -• ^
o." ■!: g
»3 c a
r» O ft Tl
n V (fl
n A} ^ o
era B B
»i I. E
CO 5 ET
OQ J g.
: S*pj S
i5 K a °
B"0 ^ o
:"2 b ■
— F i a
C ?=..'<!
-■a /^ n
a
15'-! g o
cro a g
<|3=:
V ? f* >(
a.ic o
r* 1 9 S
?^ S 3
2.^ =■•2.
5 D IP —
as a"
:■• •« S
If a S a
SH
=• g.,5 S „
at n " f^ S*
s a ° ir=5 to
5 = B"=-3 ri
e.'y." " <» a
a c." C- Q. m
,33 B s-s"
<. *! It f* u
C 5 m '■= =
£.2 5 p. o
!1 B reSJS
£• ^ ~5q E
C "T 03 B
«?5" 3
S i ^ 5a,
8 i » "'T
5.3 S 5 3-
O &^ O' 3*
«;. "£
cr ^ > » S"
E tr. — rt fi
c^ 5.^-3 —
:r.w c w c
* S»Q < -.
1 = 2"!? 2:
r. t a Cr* rt
is =11
» » CB C
R -S S ^
C.B cr cTM
S^ "^ S S 3
■SHHa
«« 5, a g B.EB gj! J
Ik'cii
iiiitl
Don
HOIIII
Hllcll
WIIH
tnin
^
J
1
foiitei
and .1
OIltHtl
upon
api)e«
f
53g.|3g||g
S-C;* s*-. ^..S'g
ayl^l'S'S
33
: jj.Ss 5 * ^i.g
.0 -S 5 -s -s a „-
S5 a ' V.-
^ s • s t^ - -
r//£ AFRIC.IX CONTINENT.
plo.vf of lli(> MritiMh Hoiilli Afiiciin Coiiipan.v in itci'lniiiniiliiiul, wlui liiiil
liccii li'l into (ln'H(Mrcl,jfallici<'<l n roicc of ncvciiiI IiiiikIiikI wild IiIihIch,
'""I will t toliMiillili),' imvoiic Imhtiim ii, iiiiiitIi lowiinl I'icloiin. At
Donilioof, iiciir .lolianiicHlMiif.', (ioncnil Ooiijc niil liiin, nnxt- his mm a
Hiiiiiiil tliniHliiii^' aiul llifii took iliciii lo jail. The woilil wnn amazcil at
HUtli foll.v, whit'h liiiii llic taiiKc of the ritlaiiilcn* iiiiiii('aMiiial)l.v, for ii
WUM iiol iirohahic tlic.v would have liccn <'oiii|ii'lli><l lo liir n sliot to oli-
tniii a rcdicKH of at loaHl hoiiic of ihclr ^MifvaiiccH, aH I'lVHidciil Kniuir,
/At' ^iil/i»m»/>titt A../
♦ iKADIAI-LY ()ATIIK|{|\(i TIIKM ALL IN.
From "liidianapoliH News."
Tlio Lion ha.s captiiicd I,ad,VHniitli, KiiiilHth-v, .lacolisdal, RIocin
fontcin )in<l llctliiilic, and ih advancinjj; (owaiil i'lctoiia, lli<" capital,
and JoluinncHbarn, the metropolis <if the Hoiitli African Republic, with
ontHtrctclu'd paw, and he will not be liapp.v until ho jjcIh his clawH
upon thcni both. From the expression on (he Lion's face it would
iipiwir that he nienns bHsiness. and will get there s(M>npr or later.
InipresMiMl with the |HiMibilith>H of a re.voll, was preparinir
their relief. ^
•lamesoM, however, knocked (he fat into (he (ire, and
of the litlanderH wuu worse than ev<'r before.
«1
(neoHiires for
the condition
LI(»X AND HEAL- (MJOWLlNd AT KAfll OTIIKH.
From "Indianapolis News."
Fufjiand, the Lion, is rejiresented with her forefeet planted upon
the body of the i.rostrale South African Hepnblic (a Hoar, which is u
pla.v njion the name (.f Hoer), urowlinfj .it the Russian Hear, which has
been casting envious jrlances upon In.da while Knj,'land has been busy
in South Africa.
The Lion is, however, ready to fight the Bear at auv time, and so
tells Hruln.
F
IWillTake
CHRISTMASDiNNER
In Pretoria
I>I!)N"T TAKi: IMS CM IMSTMAS DIXNKIi IN I'lJKTOKIA.
Ficmr "St. j'lnii I'iniiccr-I'rcss."
When <!ciicial Sir Kcdvcis Hull<'r wjis iipiMHiitcd <'<iiiiiiiiiiul<'riii-
Cliuf <if llic Miiiish f.incs In S<.iilli Afli.:i. lie Ixiiislcl tluil lie wonl.l
iiit Ills riiiistiiiiis .linn,.!' ill I'rctoiiii. Il.iwcvcr, wli.'ii lie fried to cioss
llic Tim- 111 he met with disiislcr, iiiid wlu-ii ("liristiiuiB arrived he wns
Jiiji far riuiii ilic South Afriiaii iicimlilic ra|iilal »h when he ntarted.
I heie weiv iiiaiiv KiifiJishnieii in I'retoria on ("liriNtiinis dnv w!io (nok
tliiii (liiineis there, hut they were not coniiiierors.
42
".NO FAIK IIITTIV WIIKX I'M DOWN!"
From "St. I'aiil I'ioiieer rrens."
For a time the Hoers had evef.\ thin-r tlieir own wav in the war
(.eiieral (iatacre heiiisi whii.ped at Slorniherj:, General Lord Metliii..ii
at Mauersfontein, (Jeneral Miiljer at Colenso and other i.laees on and
n.-ar the In^ela lUver, hut lli<> tide tinallv turned and .I<diii Hull aot (ui
top. "^
Ooin l»!!!!l iiis!sir<! =;» ! ^hUH^nHiHii-.v Kiihs, whlcli do not periiiil hiillie'
when one eonleHtant in down, and hence his "holler" lo the referee. "
I ilic war,
I Mctliiicii
<'s on and
Inll \f»t (in
nil liiliin;^
reft'rct'.
(1.) UMBILO PALLS.— On the I'miidto River, near Durbiin. A delightful and picturesque picnic spot, shaded by the dense tropical foliage that is found in so
great profusion near Natal rivers. (2.) aovernment HospiUl, Durban. —Natars finest and most perfectly appointed hospital. It stands on the IiiEhest part of the Berea
ir,.- r..i. ..V .... .«. .. ... I..., •.._., « ;«....» « — .... «..»... ,,..- ,,,.,fnt. .".-..„....., titr- ..•..,••• * .....,.- .1 , «rt., -..„,;i. , ne p., . •,■■- -.ct 'r-rrttcr:! arr ^-iTrc and cool, whlic
the gardens and shady avenues between the stately ^Inis and tropical vegetation form pleasant retreats for convalescents. ( j. ) Regatta Day, Durban Bay ,— A charming
and popular resort for boating and yachting parties i; the inner bay, where the water, sheltered by the liigh bluffs on all sides, is always calm. Boat-racing of all kinds is a
favorite amusement for Durbanttes, while further out in the channels excellent fishing is obtained. (4.) nid>Wlnter, Auckland Park.— This beautiful retreat is but two
miles from the hot, dusty city of Johannesburg, and at all seasons of the year is a favorite spot for those who delight in nature's artistic creations. Even in winter the
blue-lilies bloom in the ponds, while the grass and foliage afford an enjoyable relief from the sandy desert upon which the city stands. (5. ) Camp Drift, Umslndusl.—
Another of Natal's peaceful, luxuriant scenes. The drooping trees and dense tropical foliage on the grassy slopes of the river's banks lend an air of quiet and rest only to be
found in the glorious climate of the "Garden Colony.''
g jj u o
■ - ^ « »)
TJ 3 ^ «
■^•^ 3
s n V H H
41 2 91 "S M
•«-ta- - o g
4^ *^ o "^ 9
M§ o ? 8
^ ca fc — " <3
,- O U O
^iS-SI Sella
ci^oS .5^5 2 9
■?•" 3
K o a
al|3
g«j
tf) (t tf] It
£"
_5S
J^ .5 .-i
"Ill
: » „ be
h ■•5b SB
3^ a
B " c "
i X h ^ V ^ a
=11 "^ll/
Ion
uS8
32 8 -SS^*!
2 s 6*a Q rt
^.s ,^ « i
u *2
.a .| 3 != ^ s •■ ' .s
t] h e ■]
niAl'TKH HI.
THE ORAXOE FHKK STATE AND HOW IT CAME TO BE WIPED
OUT OF EXIHTENCE.
;nE Kj'public of till' Orany;«' Free Slato, wliidi was
iu t'xistfiuc until the Hritish tiDints caiUurcd its
taiiital city, Hldt'infmitcin, on the 12tli of March,
1!K)(), was founded by tlic Hocrs who cniijtiati'd
from ('a|M' t'olony at the time of the (iicat Trek,
was Mci)arali'd from tiic latter by the Oran};e
Uiver, luul British Basutolaiid and Natal <in the
oust, the Transvaal on the north and the Trans-
vaal and (Iriqnaland West ou the west.
After titthlin;^ the Zulus, the Matabi-les and
other savages, and livin}? after a fashion under a {government of their
<iwu which did not assert too much authority, they were disturbed by
the arrival, in 184ti, of Sir Harry Smith, British Oovernor of South Af-
rica. They had ttinl from t'aiie Colony to t'scape British rule, hut had
probably forgotten the English princij)le so sedulously nuiintained, that
the Boer farmers, bein/j aitualty British subjects, could not e,\|K'ct to
be allowed to pass bey<»nd the contnd of the (iueen. Wherever they
went, they went as British subjects, respcuisible to the (iovernor at the
Cape; wherever tiiey went he was resiM>nsible for them. The fact that
tliey settled among natives in territmies which were not British did
not seem to the latter authorities any reason for disavowing their citi-
zenship. This i)rinciple was always acted up<iu by the Dutch Oovern-
inent, also.
In 1S4(! Sir Harry Snuth establislH-d the Orange Blver Sovereignty,
but the Bo<'r faniers were discontent«'d, and two years lat«r drove the
British across the Orangi" Kiver, judposlng to rule the country without
them. The English would not give tlie country up, but immediately re-
turned and in a fierce light at Boomidats crnslu-il the Boer organization,
their Commandant, Pretorius, tleeing to the Transvaal. Shortly after-
wards the Hritish, becoming involved in huitl struggles with (he Bas-
utoB and other tribeM, were so busy they could pay but little attention
46
to the Free Staters who sent for Pretorious, who had been treated by
the British as an outlaw. He at once saw his opportunity and gave the
English their choice between recognizing (he community as an inde-
pendent rei»ublic, or meeting him again at the head of the disaffected
farmers of the Orange Kiver Sovereignty. Finding themselves in this
dilemma the British accepted the former alternative, and the Sand
Kiver Convention of 1852 gave the burgliers what they asked for, al-
though independence was not formally declared until February 2'i,
1854.
Article I of the Convention declared:
"Her Majesty's sjM'cial commisMioner, in entering into a convention
for tinally transferring the (iovernment of (he Orange Kiver territory to
the representatives delegate<l by the iidiabitants to receive it, guaran-
tees, on the part of Her Majesty's Ciovernmeiit, the future indeiH'udence
of that country and its Oovernnient."
A proclamation was also made "titnilly freeing them from their al-
legianc*' to the British crown, but declaring them to all intents and pur-
poses a free and independent p«'(tple, and their (iovernment to be treated
and considered thenceforth as a free and independei\t government."
The second article declanNl that the British Oovernnient had no al-
liance whatever with any native chiefs or tribes north of the Orange
Kiver, with the e.sception of one whose case was afterwards dealt with.
It was, moreover, asserted that the English Oovernnient had no wish or
intention to form any treaties "which may be injurious or prejudicial to
the interests of the Orange Kiver Oovernnient."
The seventh article declared that the Orange Kiver Oovernnient
should iH-rmit no slavery or trade iu slaves iu their territory north of the
Orange River.
The ai-ea of the Orange Frw State was about 48,320 square miles,
divided into nineteen districts. The white population was about
80,000, and the native nearly 200,000. "
w
— I. Jl 1 MO l BW*,
4Q
yi
'I he lf«islaiiv.. iiuilK.iity was v.^st.>(l in tl.o Volksraad, of rtftv-H.'lit
Mi.'ml),.rs, ,.|,.,t,..l by sutriao,. of tli,. I„.rn|„.,.s. VuWvx nmsi 1„." wliil.-
:Mr.ulM..s I.y l»i-ih or iiatniali/.atiou, 1„. own.Ts of ,val ppoiHTlv ..f ii.>t
fss than £!.-((, „:• |,.ss..(..s of iral proiH-riy of an annual rental of £;{)!, oi-
liiivc a yeaily in.onu- of not less than VMi), or 1,,. .miuTs of ihtsoiuiI
'"•"l"'''> "'■ ""• viil' f CMO, and t x.-.-ntiv.. in a l'i-..si.l,.nt .•l,os..n
loi- tn.. years l,y nnlveisal sutrrap., who was assiste.l l.v an .-xccntivc
'■"iinnl ,„nsis,i„o .,f a (-...vernnien! Screiary, th.- I.an.l.lrost (Ma};is-
irat.) of tl„. raiiital. an<i thr..,- nnolli.ial incinhers appointed l,v the
\ olksrjiad.
Within five years of the aneplanee of Ihei, i-.d..,,enden.e the peo|)le
of the Oran-e Free State fonnd themselves in su.l, ditti.nliies that thev
jiemioned ihe Hrilish < iovernnient to re.vive iIumu airair- into the Hi-itish
Knipite. annexin- them to Cap,. Cnhun, .Vfier so ■ .nsideration,
tins peiuiun was finally fefus..d, Imt annexation ro <'ai,e Coh.nv eame
in 1:mi(i.
In lS(i!l there was tronl.le with KiiKland ov.-r th.- .iis.over- and
• levelopnient of the .lianiond fi..|ds. At this tin... tli.. I'reshlent ..f the
<»ran-.. I'ree State was Jan ll,.ndriek hrar.d, first ..lecte.i in ISti.'. a-.d
lypeatedly ie.elert..,l until his deatli in lS,ss. Wju-n it was dis.over.'.l
'hat the region lyiii},' in the narrow an,.ie l)etv-e,.n the Van] :-n(l the
-Modder liivers was diaiiiondiferons. the inevitahl'- nis'. of p-osiKH-foi-s
an.l forinne s,.ekers l.e-an. and the ,i,>:.stion was as to vhieh eonntrv
should rule it. Finally th.- Hritish seized and oeeupied the Diamond
I lelds territory, afterwards awaidii,;; it ;o fhief Waterl.oef, of th..
•""1"" "■''"■• "I"' '■'"■" ' i'- ^^■|"'Il WateW.oer ask he Hritish <!..v-
•■nim,.nt for aid in .nntr.dlinfr th.. t.-iritory. and Ivi^dan.l .-xpivss.Ml a
will,n;.n.'ss t.. airn.'x it if Cape Colony would .aiv for it. the latt<.f
d.Mli,i,.,l. so Kniilaml .l,Mlar..,l it a prote.ioraf until isstt. wh..n it wis
formally anm.x..d to Cap.- Colony. Kn-land piv.- she Fr...> State «4r,0 -
IHM) lor yiehliiii; its claims. '
l'r..si,l..nt ISran.l was unusually ^s,.e an.l fa; s.-.-in^'. ami ha.l I...
l>.-.'>i l.v.u^ in isiii. tlu. orat.j:.. Fr.v State w..nl,l n.-v.-r have h.st its
'd.-ntity, f..r !.-• woul.l n.u liav.' joim..! with th.. Transvaal in the w-ir
against Fn^laml. In ISM, wh,.n th.- Transvaal Hoers w.-re prepai.ini;
..r war, I'r..snl,.nt Hran.l r.d.ulT..,l all ..v. tur-.s for .......perati.ni In
l.^S,. wh..n I'r..si.lenf Kn.^M-r went to HI...Mnf..nt..in an.l pr..p„Hed an
Mumrr for .■omnieiYial an.l military pnrp..s..s. I'r.-si.lent Brand in
THE ORANGE FREE STATE.
'•<"• t..n v.^,rs bttt . V . , • ^'" ''■•■'■ *"""■ *'""' » '""'uallv
.^"i«.d...ii:Su:::; ;;::.,;;;; ;";;■;• ■ --1.,... „.._
,.'''""^'' "<l'<'fl're.si.lent|{raml.inlSS8 F W |{,.i,. u.,- i
<».a..«e Free State int.. the war .;m.'"h..;:;n"i;, ;:;;;" """^«"" '"*"
Il..w.-vef, I'r..si.le„t St.-yn wa.s n.. lir.d.raml. and hi.s a.ivi,... to the
d l.sh.n II.. was tnstrnmental in l.rinsinf; ab.M.t the ..,u,IVr..n... •
... nf..n .... between I.,.si.,..ut Krn.ef a.ul Sir .Mfr...l Mim ,' ^^
^ . 'io . I, t s ; <-v.--".Ment wh..rein he sai.i that his .iovernnn-nt
.. h. .. all M, Its p..w..r to obtain a p..a.eful an.l sati.sfa.torv solution
f.i ,;,'',-. m""'': "•"■ •""J"^'-^''* «i..v<Tn,n..nt an.l ,h.. Sout
. ..an Kepubl,.."aml ha.l ........nnueml...! in.p.„iant r..f..rms in th.. n.ai-
- ;;f the f,.a„..h,se an.l .•..pr..H,.nta.ion for Mritish subi..,.ts wl ...
des.n.us ..f b.....,nnnjr l...r«h..rs .,f th.- South Afri.an l{ epnbli.. wl i el
'"•"■•■"•'; "•"•'• ;'"• -'-'I '• "'■ •'-.U^J^.'.I .ha, no ..tfort 1... spare, ,. ■!, '
l-yfu ..■..l...n..nt if possible of the points in .lispn..., but w .i •
nt.t.sb t..,v..rnnM.nt was still p,,.parin« its n.'w proposals th,. South
Afr...an H..pubhe issn.Ml its nitimatnm an.l l.os,iii,i..s h..«a ..m',
U'-miT Imun.l by tn.aty t.. n>ak.. the Tvansvaal's .iause also t'h..
slnii-tly aft.'r war was .I.'<la|....l:
"Hurjlheis ..f ihe Orans-.' Ft.... Stat..!
'"•"'"'* "'" '^ «'''<•'' ".' have tri,-.l to avoi.l bv all n..-ans in our
I...wer, and whi.h m- ar.- .Irivn t., ..p,M,«e aKains, wr..niu' an.l sha.nefnl
oppre.ssi..n, has n.tw .-..nu'.
"Our sist.M. K..pul,lie m.rth .,f th.. Vaal Kiver is ,.n the eve .,f beinu
att«..ke,! by a r.-mor^desn en,-mv. who alrea.ly f„. n.anv v..a..s past Iu.h
l.K.ked for pretcxtH ami has prepared f.,r the aet ..f violence . f which
MABKETsgUARE AND TOWN HALL- IN BLOEMFONTEIN.
kBONSTAD, SEt'OND IMPORTANT TOWN IN ORANGE FREE STATE.
'•• •.■---f^ ■
1
cd^//
a
IM
i^
r ' •
-r-li
■A
1 i^ '■
1
IHK
, _^.r i
^I^V^ '>ti<^^^^l
^^ .
^■^■"dlt^^^H
..
'^^^
*^
#
S^vl^
k .■
^*T --■ .■■ai.«
■'' ■■' 3^^
^s^swr''!@fw
■-—
. . •»7t
^V^ '^R l£»
r. ■■■',. f.'
liSWffWBRiR;!-
•^ -■"
<
'i'.'-v. < fc.> y
THE PRESIDENCY AT BLOEMFONTEIN, CAPITAL OF ORANOE FREE STATE.
A BOEB AND HIS TEN SONS EQUIPPED FOB FIELD SERVICE.
itlAKKuT SQUARE AND TOWN ilALLi BLOIIAIFONTEiN.— Bioemfontein, the capital, ia the most progressive town of the Orange Free State, jteing essenuaily an
agricultural country, the capital is the chief market for all products of the Boers. During the week the Market Square is crowded with bullock wagons loaded with wool, hides and
sheepskins, forage (oat hay), and bags of grain. It is located directly on the line of railway connecting with the coast. Boers of the Free State are more progressive in agriculture
than their kinsmen of the Transvaal, and nave become prosperous through their dealings with the BngtSih. The town ball of Bloemfontein is used in the civil government of the town.
Tm PrMldcncy eX Bloemfontein is built in a distiuci style of Dutch architecture and is compoted of stone and brick. It is the executive mansion of the Chief of the State and all
diplomatic functions are held here. KrOMtad is the second important town of the Free State, and like Bloemfontein it is located in the center of an agricultural district. Th« Qroup
of Bmm. father and ten sons, shows the fighting spirit and determination of this hardy race. From mere childhood the young Boer is taught to handle a rifle. The Boers marry at an
early age and usually settle down on a farm adjoining the old homestead. Thus a small settlement is established, over which the older Boer is supreme chief.
DYNAMITE HOUSK NEAR THE MINES.
METaoD OF Landing cattle.
m-'
%- #^ ^^
NATIVE MINE POUCE AND THEIB WIV«a
Hi
th(
tht
del
Wli
n-ii
oui
n\v
bel
lidi
b(H'
miH
tli<>
t(>(
|H>I1
nat
fJATIVE,WA8H-WOM«N AT WORK.
-eventing dl.tarbu.cet ud thefu of wld^ T^ey .re^„ mL.i ~L L.'°P'''^'^.J» '•'»'«" '" »»»• mine. ^e»
otbe. are .pread upon biuhe.. ti». an.i f.W~-r^r?ir^ °° "'"«" '™
_tnine. R^irrar tin/l*«> rrtnt-i^ -.f ai.-«-> ,
«. .--, ™™ ., tt. ^Tjsxis^ i^i^sjsr.s.'s aai^
tHB ORANGE FREE STAT^.
4d
tliey nro now guilty; tbt' object of which is to cud the independeuce of
the African nation.
"We are related to our sinter Ueimblic, not only by ties of blood, of
coniimHsion, and of coninion inti-rest, but also by a formal treaty, ren-
dered necessary by circnnistances, and we are bonnd to assist' them
whenever they should be unlawfully attacked, whicii, alas, we have had
reason to expect for n long time already.
"We therefore cannot tolerate that wroufj; to be done to them, and
our own liberty, acciniied at so hifrh a jirice, to be endanjtered, but are as
men bound t.. opinise it; trnstiii}; in the Alniiffhty L(U'd, in the tirm
belief that U> ill never sulT(>r wroii},' and Injustice to triumith, and con-
(idinf; in our {•nod rifjlit in the eyes of ilim and all the world.
"Thus if we opjM.se a mijility enemy, willi whom we have always
been desirous of liviii-; in friendshii., in spite of wron<; and injustice
suffereil frcun them in the [last, we solemnly declare, in the presence of
the Almifjiity Lord, that we are driven to do so thron>{h the wronj; ilone
to our relations, ami throufjh the kuowl(Hl},'e that the end of their inde-
IH'udt'Uce will lender insifjnilicant our own existence as an indeiwudeut
nation.
"Let none of your deeds in the war, to which we are forced now,
IN THE OLOAMINO.
"Have B care, Paului, or the wind will blow your llitlit ou>.'
—Prom "Judy" (London).
be such as would not beseem a Christian and burgher of the Oranue
Free State. . "
"Let us trust for a favorable end to this war, relying niton the aid of
Him without whose as><istauce human arms are of" no avail whatever.
May He bless our arms. Under His banner we go to the war for
Liberty and for Fatherland.
"These passed under my hand and the (Jrand Seal of the Orange
Free State at Kloemfontein. (Signe<l) M. T. STKVN
"State's President."
There was one thing in which Presidents Kteyn and Kruger were
heartily in accord, and that was the tirm belief that the luitive Dutch
shouhl govern both the Orange Free State and the Transvaal, no matter
if the outsiders were in the majority and owned the greater part of the
projierty. He always thought it necessary- to prevent the English from
getting any sort of a foothold, because he feared the result of permitting
them to have any participation in the affairs of tlic Kepublic.
A STORM WARNING.
i.,I?°?'/''V'',.r' ""hoping to have a spell of One westher,
nut I don't like the look of thia ahv."
—From the "Weekly Mercury" (Blrmiagham).
THE m)K|{ MAKIXCl A HOLE IX THE HIU BAHKEL.
Kn.ni "St. I'an! I'i<ini<(>r-rn\si "
^l'l{ESn>EXT KIHMSEU AXI> FHW PIPE DHEAV.
From "St. Pa,,! PimicorPrcss."
H!,».mf»!,f,.i„. <!„• .-apihil of tIh- Orahp- Fm- Stat,, was ..antnml
by tl..> Unt,.!,, nmlor (i,-,.,.,,.! E,...,.,!,, on the I'Ml, of .M^o' l".M
rosttlont kntKor is s.nokh,- liis ,,i,.,. an.l .ItvaniittK >l.at i • s Iriv in!;
the Knt.sh out of Bloeinfoiiteiu, but it in merely « ,],,'«, *^
3 a "
2 ^c
" S „
(t "1
'Di p) I
1 2 er'
) 3 tt (
f'
ansa s\n rfi
a ?. g c. tn ff H E ;
11 o
B
cr c C3 Q< c GO
ff*i '
r-ogz
^ 2 if n
1"?
' O 1 ».
-i rt rt y
= 1^3 ■<
B S < 3
=-B>?B
S. I? rt B
Sid
is""
B-B-
«! tr.-. c
ff.Q ^ST
B 2 cr'"
•?> a ** o
2 '^ BJE
el
ft?"
3gS
S _ o
c ::,a
&0 r*
S <V rf
"la
III
» r» N
: % \
•^ssitt^^ikS--
important object to raise the siege at the eSi>8twSibIemome^ S-l^irh^.^^ v ^"}*' "' «>e<J«n"«><l industry witl tremendous investments, it became an
.h?wsThVr^wSi.^^I:„°„Tc7dl■■«^ar^r.rchS."^
The illustration
I
CHAPTER IV.
TIIK DIAMOND AND (lOLD THKAHUUKH OF THE TIUNHV'AAL
AND THE OI{AN(}E FREE HTATE.
AI) It not Im'ci) for (lie discovt-i'v of (liiinioiulH tiiiil
)>ol(l in till' Oraii;;*- Fret- Slutc and llii> TrauHvaiil,
Houtli Afiica would liavc rfnuiiiii'd an aInioHt nn-
known land to tlic world at lai'(;i>; tlicrc wonid
liuvf Ix'cn no rnHli to that H<>rtion <if the Dark
Continent Troni the outNitIt' and the plilcKniatir
burghers wonld luivc bct-n left to tlicir farniH,
their cattle and their tohaeco; there wonld have
been no iniprovenientH in either repnblic, Johan-
nesbnr;; and Kiniberlev would never have
exinted, I'letoria would Ktill be a stra^jjlinfj,
nqniilid Boer villafje, and the dreaded, buKtlinfr, enterprisin}i: I'itlander
would never have l)een a South Afriran factor.
Hut where riches are, there will be found the man of energy. He
needs wealth for the develo]Hnent of nalioiiH, and he doen not care where
it is found. He will dare and sufTer evervlhiuK to P't it, for it is the
lever that moves the world.
The history of diamond finding nud the development of the Indus-
try can b<> epitomized in a para<;ra])h.
Diamonds were first discovered in Mouth Africa in 18()7 and 1S(!!),
but it was not until 1870 that the rush set in to Oriiiualand West, which
is just to the westward of the Oran}{e Free State. Ten thousand miners
encamped in 1871 in Kimberley, where, within an area of three and a
half miles, nine-tenths of all the diamonds have been discovered. The
diamond mines are craters of extinct volcanoes filhMl with blue }{rouhd
of Igneous orij!;in. The De Beers Mining; Coiiii)any was first founded iu
1880, with a capital of £200,000. In 188:1 De Beers expanded Mito the
De Beers C<)us(didated Mines, Uniited. In 1885 there were jtractically
only fcMif mines yleldinp; diamonds, but they were in the possession of
forty-two <<Hnpanies and flfty-six private owners. All these companies
and private owners were ln«lueed by Cecil Rhodes to amalgamate their
63
interests in the Kreat consolidation scheme which was finally elabo-
rated in 188!t. They control all the four mines, but only work two,
Kimberley and De Beers, as they reduce the oulpiH (o keep the price
steady at 2:is. per carat. Before the amal}>;anuition It had dipped as low
as 18s. (Id. The annual output of dianu>nds avera;;es over £;!,0(»0,0()0,
one-thir<l of which is clear profit.
titdd was found in the Transvaal, near what is now the city of
.lohannesburj,', in 1881, by an Ennlishnuin named Armdd, who told a
Boer farmer named (ieldenhuis (a siffuificant name by the way) that
the metal existed on his farm. Of course Oeldenlniis did not believe it,
hut on rejM'jitinf; Arnold's story two brothers named Struben heard of
it and bouKht the farm, which afterwards developed into (he richest
Koldprmlncinf,' secthm the earth has ever known. The principal min-
ing district, of which JtdiannesbnrK is the center, is (hir(y miles in
lenjrth and but a few miles in width, and in Dutch is known as (he
Witwatersrand (White Water Ranp')- As t(dd elsewhere it was not
nmny years before the mininf; of >^oU\ was in tlie hands of a great
cori>orntion, of which Ce<il Rhodes was the creatcu-, while the Boers,
who would not believe in tlie gold stories and sold their farms to
|»rospectors they denominated as madmen and idiots. When gold was
first discovered £10,000 ($50,000) would have bought the White Water
Range; now it is valued at fully £;U)0,0()0,000 (f 1,S()0,0(I(),0(H»), and pro-
duces more g(dd yearly than all the mines of the rest of the world |int
together. The jm'cious metal is ftmnd in a formation se<'n nowhere else
—regular beds or reefs of drj-, powd<'ry conglonu'rate varying iu thick-
ness from two to twenty feet cimtaining the ore, making the working
phenomenally easy and cheap.
In n short time after the rush to the gold fields began J(duuines-
burg had developed into the largest city in South Africa.
The gold finds of the Witwatersrand were followed by others with-
in the Transvaal's borders — at De Kaap, at Zoutimnsberg, in the
■■.*i-
S4
TUP. ni.iMoxn .i\n coin Tkr..isrRES.
Xoillifnxt iiiiiiiiilains; at Lydt'iilim-n. in the wai liii'dion; at Mai
iiiaiii, nil 111.' lli'i'lMiaiialiiiiil Imiilir; m Klclksi|cii|i, ami al llcl.lcllicrj;.
all 111' whii li have ilcvi'liipnl j;i.|il in wi'llpaviiiH iMi""'i''«''^-
The sinrv of III)- ilianiniiil iiiliii's icatis llkr thi> lalcH <if tjii' olili'ii
liiiii's, when the OiieiitalN Hct tlieli' IniiiKiuatiiinM to work to |iri«liiie
fahiilous. iiiihelieviiMe varnK for the enieriaimiieni of their iliihlien.
And as it no hapjieneil, rhlMieii were the .llsiovelels of diainoniU in the
<iii(|iialaiiil, anil jilan-.l with the liiilliant stones, niieonsiioiis of iheif
woiih. A (ii'ii|iia i,nv funml the stmie now known as "Tlie Star of
Afiiea," anil after plavinj; witli it a while pive.it awav. It is now in
the possession of the lOafl of Dudley, wlio paid !«lL'.-..(IOtt for it. The
«!iii|Ma liov nndoiilitedly never heard of this.
It was in IMIT that the eliildren of a Hoer fanner named Van
Niekerk, liviiin; w,.st of llopetowii, on the (>raii;:e IJiver, foniid some
hriyht stidies in ilie lied of the stream. Tlie farmer showed these to a
l>assinn ostriehdrinter named t/Heillev, who took them to (;• iham's
Town and had them lesteil, the resnlt liein^r that llie.v were proiKMiined
nnusiially pure diamonds. Some of them were parcliased l»y Sir I'liili|>
W'odehoiise, liovernor of ("ape Colony.
Children niiiiinned to )Miint the way to wealth, for in 1S70 they
nnearlhed diamonds where their existence was not suspected— on tlie
lii^ih tableland between the \aal and the Modder rivers. In tlie mud,
which Farmer Dii Toils I'an used to build bis house, children dii-; out
a diamond, and in piilliii;; u|i a plant another child found a diatiiond
wei;;liin;r >-\ilh{y carats clinjrin^r to the root.s.
In .liily, l.>'i71, tlie richest mine of all was foiimi on the KolesberK-
Kopje, and then came I)e Heers' "new rush." Kimberley was founded
in the iieiy:liborl d of this mine, which was named the Kimberley,
after the Mritish Colonial Secretary. Later small di;;^'int;s were fouiid
in the ()raii;;e Free State, Kossifontein and .Ia;;ersfonteiii.
Kimberley is now itself a veritable diamond mine, for stones to the
value of £1MM>(HMI<M> (*!HMMHMMMM») are usually stored there in mammoth
vaults, ;.niiii-ded liy armed men. This was one {jreat reason wliy tlie
Hoers were .so eajrer to caiiture Kimbi-rley, and why Cecil Rhodes pre-
ferred to endure the inconveniences of the siey;e.
The diamond mines under control of the I>e Heers Corporation pro-
duce .'»,.')<>'• carats per day, the stones hc'iufi at once sent, under stron>j
escort, to the comjwny's headquarters at Kimberley, and (lelivered to
"'"■ " "'""'•'* '" « li"i«<'. I'ii'sl Ihey are cleaned by bolliuj; iu u mix-
line oi iiiiiic and sulphuric achls, then soii.mI in respect to siy.e color
'""' l""''^' "•"' 'i''"'b I'lid out on a br.u .imter covered witli si is
of while paper. The nllMeiiin}; heaps or diamonds of all shades deep
.vellow. blue white, deep and liylii l.r.wn, a varh-tv of bhies, greens
"" "''•''• '""'^•' ■' "'"^' I'l'-'imitiii;.' spectacle, whi.h few perHonsJiow-
ever, are ever permitted to Maze upon. The sortin;; of thes(. sl.mes is
'III nil ill itself, piod, ke.en eyes and sharp jud-iiieiit beinj; alike neces-
sary, and expert diamond. sorieis aie jiaiil hiyji salaries.
The lai-est dJaili 1 in ihe world, called 'he "FxcelsiolV wei'dliU'
%-| carats, was found in l,s!.;! at .la-erslontein. It is not tlie'iiio-'i
valuable, liowever, as it is not aliscdiilely iniie.
i'onirary to current opinion, dianiomls of ijie -reatest value are mt
fouml near the surface of ,1,,. -loinid. line lev. I of ih,. mi-litv Kim-
berli.y .nine is l,.-,-!! i.vi ,|„wii in tlie bo«..|s of the ..a.ili. ai^.l another
'■•'' '•'• '" >"l'"" '"I'll" >'( iIm- sulfa..-, ill whi.h the eariv pros-
pc.tors f<.iiml their wealili. has „ ,lu- throufih ami the -I'lu,. -round"
IS iM.injr work.Ml I.I iiiipr...e.b.nted deiuhs. This peculiar formation ap-
pears to be practically inexhaustible.
Nowhere else is this ii.Miiliar blue ipiartz to be fonii.l, so it has be.-n
calh'.l kimb.-rlite. The .lie^riiiKs at Kiiiiberl..v hav.. .1 niu.li to .x-
plain the formation of i iani.m.l itself, for kimlierliie is of ..fuptive
ori-in, the diamon.l in it having: I n forni.d bv Ih.- tremendous h.-at
(ieneratc.l at the time of the .rui n. It is verv linnl, but alters ami
softens under moisture and air, so the niim-rs haul ih.- bin.- -romi.l ti.
the surface and spr.-ad it out t.i .jisinte^rrale ii;ii iirallv. Tlieirit is hai-
r.iwed and allow.-.l to stay for six m.inths „y a v ■.afterwards being
sent to tlie.rushin- works, where it is wash, d an.l rolled bv niachinerv
until every bit .,f f.^vi-n matter has b <vnioved and the dianioiid's
alone remain. Some hard blue bits that do not luilverize are i)i<k...l ..iit
by hand and treated separately.
The -.Mus in th.ir iiatiiral state are by m> means the dull pebbh's
<'omnionly des.Hbed. On tli.' .■onlrary, they are bri^dit and sparklin",
but of .lilT.'ivnt values, the .jeterminathin of whicli is a matter of flM'
very hi^rhest skill.
Katlirs are n.niulv on.pb>yed for f),e !,,.iivv WoHda- of thr mines
wiehliiifr ,he drills and dointr the blasting'. Thev have neither tlip
ambition nor tlie . apncity fo ris.' above tlie laborers' state. Owinp
UK iu u uiix>
hi HJ/.f, cnlor
I Willi nIm'i'In
sliililcs, llt'l'jl
)liii's, jircciis
t'I'HOIIN, llllW-
'HC HlldlCH is
iiliki- iii'i't-H-
r," Mfinllill;.^
Ill till' iiHi-'i
iiliic arc iini
iiiylil.v Klm-
aiiil II Mill her
' I'iii'l.v proH-
•Iiic ;:i'(>unir'
iriiiiitiiin tip-
I ii liaH lii'cii
IllUrll III i-x-
iif t'l'uptivc
['iiiloiiH Ii,>at
r altiTs ami
(' firdiiiid 111
I'll it !■< liMi-
viinis lii'iiifj
• iiiacliiiii'ry
I* (lianmnilH
' iiii'ki'ii out
lull pi'hiilcs
I spai'kliii;,',
IftlT of till'
ii.'" DiiiiCR,
ni'itli(»i' tlip
to. Owing
WiiAf k''*^'*'?'^'*^'^'*'*'.^,"^ FORCE,-When General French Iwgan liis anipaign for the relief of Kimtjerley he had before him one of the severest tasks of (he war.
Z,}i W ■ "PPli" at Naauw I'oort, he moved northward. The Boer • .rces were divi.Ied iulo two principal divisions, the one in the east before Ladysniith IjeiiiR
under tin conimaud of General Toulwrt. and the one in the went nii-r.lp.h«f.. ..!i.J..rO»n»r°!'''-""i» u was "— '•^'•" ■■•■"— i' -h" — 'ro— r.-l '" al F-.-si-'i a-i ' who
piauuci Mj .utceasiuiiy themanir repulses the Bnttsh met with in the wesrbe'forethey finaUy"«eVe successfu"ir "The" ifiustVation he/e'gVve'nis'of General French 'scavalrir
mfles in eit^t'°"'^°" "* * Orange I'ree Sute border iu the viciiji.y of Colesbeig. The troops are moving forward in squads scattered over a territor)- oi
.|°sl
u-So
■On
.-.3 »i;a5-&
sail's -^Sg.^
s Ts Zl >» !; o r
BS bo" " -Z «i3 s !:
•) 00- ~ -Z ui
--If IIP
Sua E a <_•¥§«'
lllll
ill! "Ifgl
ilil
,Q S O g
3 D "•"
tfi tn g Q
°J >-.h| •§ &| ^
« 5 2 1 3 B 3 „-"5 I
"".2 3 I
■c 5 _ «
" -^ S 2 - « Ji "« S
iHs* u ti o
I ill
-o.a
*a o
THE DIAMOND AND GOLD TREASURES.
to their natural aptitude for thieving the most elaborate precautions
are taken to prevent them from stealiny diamondH the.v find. Ah each
man leaves the mine at night he striiw to the skin and submits to a
search of mouth, ears and nose. Wen' he to swallow a diamond he
would be caught, as this is an old trick and worthless. The compauies
try to prevent stealing by offering j)remiums for the fiu<ling of large
stones, but the largest diamonds found have reached the market
through private persons, who bribed the Kaffirs to couc<nil them and
bring them out. Ilow this concealment was effect(Ml has remained a
secret the ownei-s of the mines would give a fortune to know, for tliese
thefts have amounted to the value t)f hundreds of thousands of jxiunds
(millions of dollars). All stones are sent to London to be cut.
These KaHir workmen are engaged for thi-ee months at a time,
as a rule, and during the period of their employment are well kept,
although well guarded, and, when sick, are treated by the company.
At the end of their service they are paid and then they return home,
buy a wife and wt up housekeeping. The money they have earned is
sutticient to buy a house ami make them indej)endent for the remainder
of their lives, for the Kaffir does not need much to support him.
The diamond mines enqdoy, altogether, about 14,000 men, and have
made Kimberley, known as "The Diamond <Mty," what it is. It is no
paradise, though, for the ordinary man finds the climate so bad that
six months' sojourn is long enough f(U' him. A dreary, straggling town
in brick, iron and wood, standing in the level veldt, for miles around
there is nothing much higher than a dwarf bush. In the city itself the
ugly heaps from the mines, low, drab, mean-looking hills of dirt, a<ld •
to the utter desolati.m. Hut although the most uninviting town in
Simth Africa, Kimberley is the liveliest, for the population resorts to all
kinds of amusement to forget the awfulness » existence. There are
28,00(» people there, nearly half being Europeans.
Oreat upheavals, such as followed the discovery of the diamond
and gold mines, bring to the front some strange charactei-s, and one
of the iM'cuIiar products of the South African situation was Harney
Harnato, as he called himself, his real name being llenr;\- Isaacs, borii
in AVhitechapel, 1/indon, who became a great financial iM)wer because
<>f his ability in manipiihstin^r st=;rk conipanien. lie had iiiilc ednra
tion but was adapted to just this line of business, and for yeai-s made
money with phenomenal rapidity, built a palace in London, and for a
57
few years his name was familiar to al.l Ejigland. lie formed new com-
panies by the dozen, sold the stock at a high figure, and was regarded
as a man whose luck would carry him through.
lie fli-st ajipeared at Kimberley in IHTl as an actor, but soon de-
serted the stage for siK-culation and diamond-dealing. All South
African stocks were known as "KaiWrs," and Harnato was the king of
Kaftiria as long as his good fortune lasted. The English were .razv on
siM'cuIation and the stock of every "Kattii-" proje<t sold at high figures,
being eagerly snai)i)e(l up by the nullions who believed in Harnato?
When the crash came in 18!)T nearly all of Harnato's £2(»,000,()()(»
melted away, while thousands \\\Hn\ thousands of j>eople in England
were utterly ruined. Harnato's mind failed and he was put on board
a steamer at < 'ajx' Town for LiverjMM)!, acconipanitil bv a guaid, but he
succeedwl in escaping the laftei-'s vigilance and threw himself over-
board. A strange feature of the case was that his body floated on the
surface of the water and was recovered.
The gold mines of the Transvaal were first worked to advantage,
or in a practical way, in 1887, since which time, up to January, IJtOO,
about £50,000,000 (1250,000,000) worth (.f .uv had been taken out, while
dividends to the amount of fully £9,000,000 (i«!45,tmo,000) had b<-en pai<l.
The (U-e is worth about f3 8s. (about ?17) imm- ounce, and the entire
production is practi<ally under the control of the corix.ration known as
the <-onsolidat<Hl ({old Fields of South Africa, Limited, a creation of the
fertile brain of Cecil Rhodes, whose hand is to be .seen in all great enter-
prises in that section <.f the world. After Mr. Kho.les got through with
the drain and fields, he turned his attention to the gold district, and
was soon as d<miinant in JohannesbMrg as at Kimberley.
In 188«i J<diannesburg did not exist; then gold was discovered, and
in 1900 it contaiiKMl 108,000 inhabitant.s. Situated in the vervCenter of
the gold-mining section, it grew like a gourd, almost in (me night; ami
as the gold beds, or reefs, are not (pmrtz, hut a conglonu'rate, in which
the gold runs evenly, without breaks or faults, there is no dangt-r of
their being exhausted, and Johannesburg will yet count at least (htuble
her iM)i»ulation of 1900. It is in every way a permanent town. Wherever
else, as a general rule, gold has been discovered the temlencv has always
been ro avoid building (he houses too well for fear that it might be
money thrown away if the gold gave oiit. But on the Hand there is no
talk of such a possibility; the mine pr«)prietors in Johannesburg feel
58
fr,.ul,L Hi !• "■ "^ *'""^'' •""^ HlKMUlMtion .should .mUe
"look Ml fo . M..n. than fom- hun.iml .oniimnicH, irpivsentini: •• .ai.i
11. solHx fo,. s,„,k,,„,,,..nf; purposes, i„ hHali(i,.s wh,.,v „o .'.ohl
MS ... a all a,Hl a lo, of .h.-n. «•..,., ,o ,|... wall, ..au«in« h -a. lo^
•" '• '"'"Ions Mucstors. Jliuia. ,„.,,,, ,„„„,„.,,',„ ,„ a,,,^ ,. r.';
..n .h.. ..union Kx.han,.., an,l nan..,. IJan.a.o, nu- L 3^, i'.
.. .m,n„...ou,,ani.,s. los, so nnuh ,ha, I, .,,ov.. Liu. ,o Z"l "u ^ •
<""«" Ins wealth was ..sti,„ai,>,i at £20.0(I(M»0()
...ul oMs;;^'!':; l!--./!^^r"l'' ";'"•"' "'•■•'^'"'^ "■ *"" ^.-ansvaal at the
;s.r;:u:;:i!;;;:;;:i.r;.;t.:;=^^^^
;i;r;:::.;;i;::'i:;:.;r---
The .,uautit.v of ^ohl n.ine.l i„ the Witwatersraii.i uohl i fs for a
S ;:;';;.::'■;]•:'.";: '"r "' -""^ '" '■""^"'•■""' •^--!'. -.^;;;:
p.l. M.tlOUS. this iH-IUj; ,1,.,., .„ jr,,..,t „„,„„,„, ,„ „ I.,,,,,,,,,,,,.:..,.,..
small cost Of fretting the metal out of the groumi. ^ ""'1''" <'»'*« '>
77//: niAMOXD AXD GOLD TREASURES.
4/v
TKYIN(J TO HITTT TIIK |{(„'k OF I'I!()(,KKS8.
Fnun "Denver TimeH."
1 «.»gH's«. John Bull ,H lookiuK "n and Retting his gun ready.
if showed
men from
:'>ee State
1 the way
the artist
le rock of
■berleyS Rh«k?lwTt tt~p™fit If^rm^Tduri^^^^^ ■?•"' »«'»?»"«!•• the world In a speech made shortly after the relief of
ctlon, .„ .hat the profits will bL sti?l"reater i^'tlS ve"™"""«ole"' ffi ^"4i't*'^rd=""k^--i^ '""''f "l'" T'i ,*' r °'" ,*'"•'«¥»;'■ """». «"•' ^e
Kimberley,
indications 1 .«..,^ „,,
§rcat that no estimate uflTicprobai)!^ rxi'rurMn'^lje niLd»'"'Thi"iiVri\!T.;.i ^^"^.^™.'i""wT '"-"T"" p-/;-;"iri-.g esrt;-, !!-,si •,my V^ reaci.r.! by Ihr workings of these mines i>iao
older.. The diamond mines of A ricrhat^for mZy vearXl^u^l nv,r ^« ^^ '"fit *'" mP "'1^ i"<Iefin tely to yield annual millions to the fortunate share-
attention of the world to South Africa. *^ ^ proUuce<l over 'K) per cent, of the world's product of diamonds, and have been the means of directing the
UKKEBAL PIET .lOL-BSBT, COMMAMJEa-IN-CHiEF Oi- DOKll FORCES.
BT. BON. CSCIL, 3. RUOOBS.
m this terntorv. and a coaiDanv bas fnrn...^ i« n.-if-j «.. .il" " "' *-■»*
developing and coSne it He ^ V^irt^ ^ / '"!"', "■• J"!?*"*' Government to control ar
mi„i„;in!u,try:^°'HisT.ft■;roj^lorm:SS^i,TH'^7•r^::'A^.,^^^
J — "- . * — "\^ ".%v.»;o«;u III tuc vasi: siretcn ot coumrv to the nori
and govern th.s territory, and a company was formed in EngUnd for (he ouriioi'S
^ .„„„„ ., .... . ......... „.,„ „^.„. . ....: r«'°™ »•>« Government cf JohanneSbui. where he h3d. C il,;^.*£'SP?rf-?i
QENERAL JOUBERT, the Commander in rhi.f '^i ,'u.'^ --!-—. — .^.. .— .„., ^„„ „,c ripprnva! or tnc great ualiuu* of liie world. =
CIIAPTEU V.
CiECIL B110UE8, BUILDEK OF AN EMPIRE.
HE KciMs liutt' till' EngliHli with an iuti'iisity that
is littlo less tluiii i)lu'ii()nn'iiiil, and the essence of
thia liatred is directed toward Cecil Khodes, in
whose iKTson the Transvaal burgher fluds the
embodiment of everything! Hritish.
Oom Pmil invariably refers to Khodes as
"that murderer," whenever he can so far over-
come his loathiuf{ for his enemy as to refer to him
at all. ^'ext to reli<j;i()us fervor the predominat-
ing sentiment in President Krufjer's mind is an-
tipathy and repu},niance for this great Euglishmaii who towers above
all his fellows in Sonth .Vfrica in the same proi)ortion as does President
Kruger above his countrynn-n.
Khodes is an empire buiWler, a man who came to England's aid
just ut the time he was needed. England always finds the right man
when occasion arises, whyther it be at home, in India or any other part
of tile globe, lie is the diamond king, the gol<l king, the railroad king,
the multi-millionaire aniimg multi-millionaires in South Africa, his
private fortune being estimated at from flO(),(t(10,0(l() to |150,000,(H)0.
The.se figures are not at all expressive, however, for he can control at
least ten times that amount should he have any scheme on hand calling
for such a sum.
Not only is IIIkmIi .h an empire-builder, but he is the founder of a
vast empire as well; he is the incarnation, the highest development, of
relentless ^ >rce and sheer weight of jiersonal i)ow('r, hesitating at n<»th-
ing, never ((msidering fdistacles, and deeming no sacrifice too great
when an end is to be attained.
Lobeiigula, a Zulu chief, once said of him, "Ho eats a whole country
for his dinner."
A writer of prominence, who visited him in South Africa at his
61
home ami had a good opixtrfunity to make a careful study of this won
derful personality, summed him up as follows: "He has the face of a
• 'aesar, the ambition of a Loyrda and the wealth of a Croesus."
Khodes is btit forty-seven years of age, having been born in IS-jS,
and, like hi.", arch-enemy, Kruger, is a jih; ' al as well as an intellectual
giant. Over si.x feet in height, he is broi;,., heavy and muscular in ])ro-
Iiortion, and <me would hardly think that in ISTl his jjliysiciau told
him to go to South Africa to die, "for," said the man of medicine, "you
won't live six months." At that time Khodes was a skeleton, thin as a
rail, his eyes dull and heavy, his face giving no indication of either
force or Intelligence. He was a weakling, and that he should have been
transformed from a clod to a concpieror is regarded as nothing else than
marvelous by the friends of his youth.
His dream lor years has been a great United Stafesof South Africa,
with a railroa<l running through the center of the Dark Continent from
Cairo ou the north to Ca]M> Colony on the south, thus virtually placing
England in control of the richest, most fertile and most valuable part
of that country. As England is mistress in Egypt as far south as Om-
durman, which is across the river from Khartoum, and from the Cape
north to the scmthern line of the Transvaal, tiie completion of the
contemplated railroad would afford her a line of communication that
would bring the Soudan and South Africa so closely together as to
make the real distance between them upjx'ar as nothing.
Khodes wants England to exercise a sovereignty over Africa that
cannot be disputi-d. (Sreat Britain is extending her influence by nego-
tiations and treaties wherever it is not absolutely necessary to do so
by fighting, but she causes it to be understood that she is ready to
fight at any and all times, no matter who may be her opjionent. She
relies upon Rhodes in a thousand ways, and there have been instances
when be wa., consulted even over the heads of the Queen's immediate
62
CFXIL RHODES, BUILDER OF AN EMPIRE.
I! \/
m
ofBcial repivspntiitivos for tbe reason that he nnd.'i-Nlond th<' situation
iiiori' tli(H'<>ny;lilv.
Wliilf- I..' loves ni.mc.v, it is iiu.rd.v for tiit" aid and assistance it
rcndcis in tlie cairvin},' out of liis aniltitions piojccts; li,. loves iKiwer,
l>iit does not caic for .dlice or station; but alxive all, lie is Hlled with'
the desire to see. befoiv he dies, tli(> tdiisninnialion of his life-work,
the realization of his dieaiM-lhe Wnyr „f K„jjia„d floating over Afriea!
Never in the historv of the world was a man so eonsnnied with ambi-
tion solel.v an.l wholly for his eountry. lie eared 'or nothiuj,' eiw;
of himself he never thinks; Kii-land is all to him.
Hhodes is not at all .scrniMiloiis as to the methods nsed in arriving
at a Kiveii iM.int or Kaiuin;,' jM.ssessicm of what he seeks. Human life
IS not refiaided as worth savin}; if it stands in his wav, and this is why
Oom Paul ref.Ms to him as "that mnr(h.rer," or the I{oer exeeiitive
lias held Khod.'s responsible for more than one of the wars in South
Afri.a. II.. has also sai<l lime and a^ain that Seeretarv Chamberlain
would never have thoii}rht of the Uritish-Jtoer war of 18!t!» had he not
been instigated by Hho.h.s "and the ,li,p,e of };old and diamond speeu-
latois at Ins back," to use the exa.t lanjiiiajje of the old man.
At no time has Rhodes .s.^-n Ht to reply to attacks ma.le uinin him,
m.r has he ever been forcwl to show his hand or reveal the details <.f
any ]dan in process of execution. Wer e to look into his jrrav eyes
they would find nothin}; there tending to betray the thounhts within
his active brain; thise , yes are sunk in his head and are usually luster-
less, their expression bein^r almost iiielancludy, and in strange contrast
to the b(dd resolution stamjied upon every othe- feature of his <onn-
teiiame. Yet their glance is keen and penetrating, and when they
tlash in anger are l.-rrifying, as were tl yes of the givat Napolcoii.
Cray is the color of the eyes of the .on.pieror. Washington and I.in-
ccdii were gray-eyed; also, the Little Corporal, Wellington, ami other
mighty men of history.
In speech Rhodes is simple and direct, in tliis particular being Ilk.,
his shivwd Hoer antagonist ; his manner is frank and he is straightfor-
ward ii, ..verything h,. does. If,, has never been known to resort to
the arts of diploiiia.y in the carrying out of an undertaking, for they are
not to his taste or liking, but having made his intenticms plain has gone
ahead to bring them to a <onc!usion. During Ww- yenrs be ha.s been
engaged in building the railroad and telegraph line northward from
!vi M "7- 'T I'"' '""^'*"' "*'""'■"' "•'■'••" ^^"'•^ ""I' n'«ny fl^rre tribes
Ml .h objec ed to the passage of the iron horse through their terri
• nl hen Hnest ,varriors slaughtered or made prisoners, their pride
"""">'-l "".i tlieir power broken, and their i<le„titv as tri ,o.s, in , i ny
cases, destroyed altogether. ' ^
It has been necessary for R les to say some sharp things to En-
glan, at nn,^ when thwarted in plans .„. projcts, or refused th sup-
port he thonght la- ongh, to have, for he h!,s L schemes tlTat v i I Z
'"•'"'"•"'•^' !' ""•> »" '•'>'«''"urs beneflt. lie does not b.dieve si ha
•n.ghty territory as tli,. Hritish ,M,ssessions in South Afriea have ..rown
to be shoub be rule.l from Lon , by , who have never b.-en fnriher
awi^v from lioii.e than Brighton or ,M.ssibly l-aris. He i„ „ p.,„, ,,pa| „f
"" •':;";";;'"• ^"'' :- •"•• ••""•- i.. t...xatio„ without representation.
L.t them go ami rea.l the Constitution ..f the United States" he
exchiimed upon one o.casion when tl. hom. rule agitation was going
.m ,n Lnglaml, "instead of speculating on this am nbting on that
There is n.. s|M.culation or doubt about that .b.ciiment. Home rule i.
•H.tan exiH.r.ment, for it has been worked out an.l solve.l succe.ssfullv in
t!u> lilted Slates for more than one humlred years, but some of fho«e
ofh.ials in Kngland never r,.,.! anything. Tli,.y don't want to learn "
wh..;V/"""/"""' r!''" *'"' '■^"«"'^'' "'■««I"M-.H were filled with abuse of
Mi.it they termed "South .yri.an ambitions," their villification of him
..-..g unusually bitter, he ,.oni. ited ,,uite freely upon the attacks
and said, among other things:
V ..L-7'"" 'V'"" T "^ '""' "'"* """ ^" •'^"'i">rt"". Hunker Hill and
\o ktown. ^ow, I ai yal to England. Nobo.ly doubts it. The Cane
'H loyal, too Hut in England they shouhl remember that <.,mtinued
nsi,.e, deafness to protests and misrepresentation will alienate the
tines and tnost loyal citizen or subject. If England interferes with n«
name." ' "™ "^ "*"""' ''^^^'''' "*'"'"''"'' ^'^ " bad-sounding
To combine all the elements in that region and form them into a "
eoherent inasH ,s hanlly among the possibilities, but when Rhodes
threatened the ,.olitieians of Englaml they knew h.. meant something
at least, even if they di<l not apjireciate that even- mile of raii.....ad ..nd
tel,.graph built was a distinct and material advantage to the British
Empire. Federation is one of the things that will come in time, and
■a Ji .^•■s
2x1^5 £ S
I Si ^ S
fielfl
2-|ll.K
o § a-o 2 g g
jr •« ** 11 — C,2
■;«?
CECIL RHODES. BUILDER OF AN EMPIRE.
(t.t
S-og"-
notliinjj htm been more talked of in EnKlnnd and throii}{hout her colonics
Hincc the latter demonstrated tlieir loyaltv to the niotlicr country by
offerin}; conlin}{enls of trooim for service in the Hritisli-Hoer war. The
lionu' Koverninent at iirst treattnl these offers cavalierly, bnt later were
tillad enough to accept them with profuse thanks, With federation the
colonies will have representation in Parliament, and llieir troops will
be on the same footing as those of the iiuperial army recruited in Kufi-
land, Scotland, Ireland and Wales.
Uliodes was rather inclined to be annised when he learned that the
Iirst act of the Transvaal Cabinet, after the declaration of war afjaliisl
<ireat Hiilain, was to put a price u|)on his head, but it ceased to be a
joke when the Hoers made their tirst strate<{ic move toward Kimberley,
wlii<-h is the home of the empire-builder, and where he hapiM-ned to be
at the time. Before the siep' was over Kimberley had suffered all the
horrors of famine ami disease, but the jjarrison pluckily held out until
relieved. It was one of the bij; disappointments of the war to the Hoers
that their arch-enemy should finally make his escape after they liad all
but put their hands u|H)n him.
This South African uncrowneil kin<f, who scorns and desi)ises
money for itself, but repirds it as amonp; the most useful of servants,
devoted many years to the accumulation of riches, for tlie reason, as
he told (ieneral (<"hinese) (iordon, afterwards sissassinated at Khar-
tonni, "tt Is no use for us to have bifj deals unless we have the money
to carr> them on."
The sentiment expressed so concisely to t ieneral <iordon was the
keynote of his early career in South Africa. His brain was fairly seeth-
inji with bij; ideas, and he neede<l a colossal fortune to carry them out.
Therefore he went into the diamond mines at Kimberley, as well as the
{fold fields, and jjot his fortune just as a carjienter or other mechanic
Would jjather his tools lojrcthei' before beffinuing work on a jid) to
which be had been assif;ued. In his mcmey-ffetting days he was a rabid
money-fjetter, but he did not hoard his wealtli for the pleasure of seeinj;
his pill' increase. He was fond enoup:h of money, but to him it repre-
sente<l jMiwer and <lominion. Kverythinji; he touched was at once trans-
fofiiicd by the iiiu};ic:ii alchciiiy of hi:; "hick" to bright yriiow pip<'es,
and so great has been the belief in this luck of his that at Kimberley,
Onijetown and other places it is still said that if he should jjo into an
nbniidoned mine which had brought its previous owners nothing but
disaster and grief he would at once proceed to uncover a leilge in wliidi
wa:i concealed at least a million (bdlars' worth of the precious metal.
In the diamond mines of the Kimberley and l)e Wcovh districts lie
had the same wonderful fortune, and he made i ley witi t a|ipiir.'nl
effort. Diamonds |o|)ped ui> out of the ground in his claims in ..r.ler
tliat he shimid not miss lliem, but in si»ite of all this Midas-like gener-
osity of old Mother Nature Kliodes never exhibited elation or suTprlsc.
Mis head was never turned. He was simply forging the key that was to
unlock the docu- admitting him to a more extended and wider field of
action.
Oidy (ince in his lifetime, so a voracious chronicler at Kimberley
relates, did this strange nam ever take an apparent interest in uL
wealth, or any part of it. «»ne day, to the surprise of all, he filled a pail
to the brim with bright ami shining diamonds, and then poured oui
the glittering lieap again, repeating this action several times with an
almost <hil(lish delight. Wliy he did it, what prompted him to <hi it, no
one could imagine, further than that RluKles probably thought at tlic
time that no (.th.'r man in the world had a bucket full of tliesi- rate
gems, while he had them in such pvofush)n that he could use them for
buttons on lis shoes if he felt so inclined.
In siieakiug of liim recently a Ii<mdon friend said, "lie would no
more think of hoarding money than a politician would think of hoiird
ing votes after they had been cast at the jiolls. As votes represent
l)ower and influence to the i)ar\v leader, so does money laean the saiue
to Khodes. To him a million ixiunds stands as a lever, an instrument
of power, by using which he can remove an obstacle in his way or attain
some end."
flis income is estimated at fully |5,000,000 iM»r year, comi)aratively
little of which he spends upon himself, as he is a man of the simplest
tastes. However, he is a tremendous eater, although confining liimself
to the plainest of food, and knowledge of this almost boundless appetite
led the Zulu chief to say that he took in an entire country at a single
nieal. This was also the savage's way of paying tribute to Kluah^s'
unbridled, insatiable ambititm.
ilaviag uo family, being \inmarrie«i, for he has been freciuently
heard to say that in the case of such a man as he a wife would be more
of a detriment than an aid, he has no social ties and is free to go where
he pleases and whenever he feels like it. He cares nothing for society,
ill-'
«(i
i^
I
ill!
108 miiall .vp,,.,! f.., ,1... opinions or j...!^- ni of w n, ni tWu
tri;u» tl>,. lalt-i- will, a l,i-,is.|".'n....M almost appioarlnnj; iM.I.-m.ss. \k
t" la.in^^ a woamn-halMr. as has ofK-n l.m. rl,ai-,.,|. h, „|,.s i|,ai j,,.
IS auvllnnK "f Hi." soil, sa.vln^r ,|,a, „s I,., has no tin... to .h-vot,. to ||„.„.
lit' H,.,.s no .-..ason wh.v h.. sh„..hl s.-ck th.-ir .■.mipanionshl,,. F..,.|h,.,-
than that, h.- is also ,|uot.Ml as sa.vinfr, h,- is n..t awa.v that w..m.-n hav.-
aii.vlh.nf; to roinplain of, ns th...v hav lost nothin-, in his ..pinion |,v
licmy: (h-piiv.-il ..f his s.icictv or fnt-i.tlship.
Ili.s ..in- w.akn.'ss is his low f,,,- thinj-s that aiv l>nt,l., a.ul th..
"I'l.T th.-.v aiv tl... l,,.tt.r h.- Iik..s lh,.|i.. His houses aiv li with th.M..
aii.l ho shows thon, with tl„. ntn.ost pfi,|,.. ||.. has s.-vial ics n.u-s"
oa.h s.iiionn.l.Ml l.v ...M.-nsiv fffonn.ls, an.l i a... of ih..s,. k.-.-ps nianv
''""""'••■<l •".» I.nsv th,. .war r,.nn.l. II.. is als.. ...nstantlv l.nil.lin.. p,i.
vat." roa.ls, so that his .v.-arlv pav-roll .■oi.tai.is thonsan.ls of na
HiH chantn.s an- th ans of .-..nsamin- lmn,lr...ls of t san.N of
.lolla..s ..v....y ,v..ar, l,„t it ani.o.vs hin. ..x..,.,..linKlv t,. haw lh..,n vr-
u'rrc.l to.
Th.. fatla-rof <V,il .I.,hn liU, s wasth.. I.'..v. Kran.is W. IJho.h.s
i..rtor of H.slM.p St.,rtfoi-.l, n..t far from l..,n, wlu. ha.l m, wvalth u,
leave his tw.. sons wh,... 1... , |. Th,. ,.|,l..r broth..,-, ll...h..M. w,.nt I..
Natal .,..ans.. of ill-h.-alth. whil.- i V.il, in 1,S72 t. r..,l at ( Hi,.| « -oil
()xfor.l, althonyh thr..al,.n..,l with a pulmonary Ironhl.., with th.- hop.',
of h..,nK abl,. t.. Kct thr.niKh l...f.,r.. his .•on.lition h..,am.. s,.rions llow-
. v..r, having .an-ht .-ol.l whil,. rowinj:, his land's l,..,nm.. so s..,- slv
!"^*V';'' "'""'•' J '"'i'^ '>■■""'<•<■ in Natal, th.. two hast..nin^Mo< iH.nm-
lan.l M ,.si wh..n th,.y h..ar.l ..f || iamon.l .lis<-..v,.ri,.s th,.,,.. Il..rl'..rt
"■'"* '''"'■'' "•' I"".tin^^ an.l IWU .•on.l„,t,.,l the mim.s al.m.. l...intr
n.ost sn.r,.ssfal. Having m.w pl,.nl.v of m.me.v h,- r,.t,.rn...l to Kn.Han.l
au.l f„„sh,..l h,s,.on,.,s..at ()xfo,..|, faking his .1,.};, aft.-r whi.h 1... ,■...
"""7,'*'" ^ "'"I"""'" "f. "'«""■'<'«. whi.h w..r,.h„at,.,l,„.arKiml.,.,h.v
1-or v,.a,s th,. min..s in an.l a, 1 Ki,n|„.rl,.y ha.l !.,.,.„ fallini; into
the Lan.ls of a f,.w shr,.w,l „„.„ who w,.,v .l,.t,.,.,nin,..l to ...nt^.l th..
output of th.. .Iistrht, until the.v w,.,v all in th.. possessi..n of th..
r^v.. 'T,.'"', " ^'^'""""'"-^ .•..n.panh.s, two l.itf.r ami ,l,.t..rmin...l
malH. I{|,o,l..s was .„„. of th,. ,,rin,i,,al own,.rH of tl„. 1>,. B,.,.rs sto.k
havtnfT I .,.,, a ,,ui,.t pur.has,.r f..r thre,. or fo„r y..ar«, an,l, in I.SSS,'
co„..,.,ve,l th,. ,.l..a .,f ...nsoli.Iatin}, ,h,. tw., int.. o„,. ..omp,,,,,., whi,h
would become the master of the diamond iudustrv of the world I're-
Cr.Clf. RHODES. lUlinilR OF .l.v liMIVkn.
Heutlu^. the H..he.n.. to ,h.. Uoths.hihis in l.on.l |{| « .a..,.,.,..l,.d
">"-n.nK .h..m as his ha. I..,s ami ,1... an.al,.., a.i..n was ...
.'I MIS. I u. n..w .•..mpany was orf;ani/...,l with a .apiial ..f £4 (KMM)OI)
iiH.ml mims b,.in« m th.. n..i-h(,o, h.MMl .f a,(H((MMIO
''""'« •^'■"■'"""1 of f;>eat protiis in his .liamoml min.. inveslmeut
" . s ."<■" . M........ his at...ntion ... th,. ...hi ,h.|.|s ..f th.. Tran ' .
;'" : '"' '•"' """""■'• <'l'l-H"Mi.y ..f ,1.. nstraliuK Mis abili.
';"'"""'f.^^'"" "" '■■•" "''i^ 'I'-ls." That 1... was a ^i , 1
'<"' -Ml most a.lioit in .ariyin,. ..n, what h.. ha.l ...mei a ' ai
; ■•'-'-..a,..,, f.,r i, was not hm, b.-n,.. l... ,,.s as intia,: M |X
« l.l-mtmn. w..rl, as .lia ..I ..ir.l..s, his ..,T..rts having r..snl t. I i,
"" '"•"":••"".' "^ 'V"-.M.Iat.,l ( I n..|.|s..f S.mth Afri.a, Lin U
. n ".«an..a,ion so p..w,.,f„, as to .... th.. virttm .tat..r of I ^ ^
-Hat . t.. th.. p,...,m.,H,n an.l shipin.n. .,f th.. j,ol.| of ,h.. ....n,in..r '
,,, '' ^ ''"■*-'"" • '" "f " vast Miitish S..nth .Vrri..an empire
'' ""^ ""• """••' '"-"•■ "'"•' • w,.nty.|iv,. y..a,.s .,f a,... II.. w , ^
""■ «ay to j;,..at ri.hes ,h..n, ami ...nfhh n, t nshh. T.f ,..n y." I's
o he W..MI.I ... ,if,y tia.os a milli..nair... It was not ,...,, ho ....
"'" ;•'"'•;• "11 •l.in,^s ..ntir,.|y, so h.. wnl int.. politi..s .-arl • an was'
;■;" ." "":< "I.e 'arlia n, as ,1.,. .,.pi.s,.n.ative from Ma k v"
Ms .n.an.-.a ability |..., ,o his app..intment as ,r..asur,.r f.'.r V^.
« "'">'.v. «"•! Iat,.r as .■ommlssi.aa.r .,f works, an.l his shr..w.ln..ss n
"I him to H...huanala...l, wher.. ..i,iz,.ns of ,1... Transvaal ha.l set
"|. .«o .ii.l..p..n.l..n( i..pnbli.s. ,.«,.!, v..ry small, bat of snfli.i,.nt size
.» l«-nmt th,. fi..,.boo„.rs .ar.yinj; ...it ,.xl,.nsiv,. s.h,.m..s of r,.l,berv.
"". ler th.. admin,strali..n .,f .,„.. .1. Van Ni..k..rk, a .ifi..,, of th,. Trans-
vaal, wh., ma.l.. Vrybnr,. the .apital, proini»,..l to b.. troubl,..som,. by
elosiMK up the roa.l to th,. int,.rior. Int,.nt upon H....nrinK eomin..reial
as well as polKi.al a.lvantaK.s, Kho,I,.s pursu,.,l a ,lilT,.r,.nt .'ou..,,.
from that o.itlin.Hl by tl„. Hritish .■on.missiom.r pr,.viousIv s..„t tlu-re
ami by s,ein,nfrly P'antiuK Van Xiek,.rk favors, an.l apnaivntly ....iu!
.HiinK in l.lH .iaims as t.. th,- l.-jrality .,f th,. spuriouH little republ'ie
s,..nr,..I a ,..,stp.,n..m..nt in the .arryinjf .,nt .,f vari.ms freebo,.ting
M-ojee.s, and so effe.tually lulled the ba.k.rs of th,. musbruom nation
CECIL RHODES AND "LONa CECIL." When K.r„i,erley was besieged by the Boers, the British were left without guds of sufficient ranue to oronerlv rt.f^nH
l?!"?f.'«"- The_ Boers from theirslroriKtrenche. hurled shells into the town at a fearful rate. A Prenchman. M, Ubram*! who wr^t iimi^rl.v ^[in^/ALt .Se
!.t;!mir-.!mtr.r! a itrtig-ii,!-- ytic, ric urgiin uj- mriKin^ tnc tooir. ncccssarv to construct the — ... ,. .ii =. -uc
mine.
. ... - - ".. iresaii uj ui-.iiiiii; 111= luuiL. uttusiary .„ cor.iiruci lue guu. Tl.c uuu was compieted in three Weeks at thpinmrka nf tttl'nl n.l,^
In like manner ammunu.on was »«'le /or it, JVhen pjaced i_nj»M^^^^^ "Lon^.C^ciV' workS^ rdrntab^ an^wL r„stru„^„?/,Y„'
keepi^ng the Boers at bay until relief came. The.illustration s^hows Cecil Rhodes watching the ef!ect on the enemFoTthe shells thrown IT'lZl cTtiV'" MTabr'am wa
killed by the last 100-pound shell thrown into Kimberley by the Boers. . 7 .«. vu.uwu ..y i^ung \.eai. m. t,aDram wa
was
5.g;
V g =» &s^.S-<» 5-
1^ 'Ml,
I
tfl o
3^5
«■* u 5 _ E .^ (T O.T} 4j %i
--■a .. p »< P &'>,fc,.i6 J
31
the (
CECIL RHODES, BUILDER 01- AN EMPIRE.
s!( S-'-- '3
14
I 0.
['♦3 ^
B 8.0.5
into a U'vWng of faiulc.l Hccuiit.v Hiat wln-n tli<"y thought they wm-
on llria gniuud ami r.-allv Hafc, thi'.v were <llNaKi i.l)lv miiipiIh.hI u>
tliKl th.' HritiHh ill full poMHCHHioii of .•v..r.vihiii-. S....minjjlv .liivit in
fVt'othiiiK h<' atl..in|.t.Mi, Ithoilcs often ,, V u .■iiTuitouH loulf in anix-
ing at a jfivcn poim in order (iial t.i .ii-, ,. '• niiKJit !»■ (i.-ccivtMl ami
ihtiH iciiilereil Wm <iaiit{cronn. He ,vuh much itiiiHcU at tlrst by the
lOuKliNh iu «oiitli .\fri.a for his ma a-;, uput of w Htellaiaml republic
affair, but the rexulls attained .^h,. vn, that )i achieved evervtliiiif,'
dt'Hired, althouuli many d .1 that i i- K-:;;iish lost prextine'in llie
eyes of the wavan.. •'ihes l:y temporizin;, here harslu.r ineasureH would
have wound the busiiH-Hs up Kooner. HIiodeH wan HaliMthil with what
he had done, ami witli IiIh iiHiial contempt for the ojuiiioux of othorn
never made any attempt to juniify his courne.
Not only was lihodes ev( r iaviHli wiili liiK own m v wh-.<n he iui.l
a political or imperial object in view, but lie caused tlie d'irectors of the
diamond and jjoid companies in wliicii he was the lead iiifj spirit to look
at matt( rs thnnifjh his own eyes and appropriate sums from time to
time for purposes outside the scope of such oif^anizations, but it U a
fact that every appropriation so made always returiu'd maKiiiUcent
<livi(lemls. Thus, wlien tlie De Heers Company advanced £ir.(>,0(K» to
aid in the openiiif; up of .Mashonaland, this bi'lnji taken out of the re-
served surjiius, it lU'oved to have been the best investment the De Reers
directors ever made.
It was about 1«H1 tiiat Kiiodes made his first «leclaration as to his
itnperial ambitions, when lie said ii.- was determined to see that the
nritish eniidre siiould be ( xtemled to tli.. /ambesl river, which meant
the weldinjf of scores of inliarmoiiious states, tribes and i.eoples into
one homotjeneous dominion. Hince tliat declaration he has {rone steadilv
forward towanl his Koal, but even though it slu.iild not be reache.l
duriuf; the first .piarier of (lie jiresent c. iitury, the honor of the con-
ception will always l:e awarded Khodes. The latter even accepte.l
F)arlininentary censure rathtr tlian abandon his ideal, which lie felt
sure would be realize.l, but feari!i«- betrayal chose to dose his mouth
in order to effectually jirotect his secrets.
It linH been sniil of Rlioilou fl.<it i>.> ^.o- .• ...:ii: -• -...^i. ...
imagination which placed him in a class all by himself; he has been
described, too, as an imperial Socialist, who accepted the doctrines of
the State scientists and put them into practice by acting upon them.
' • • ^* ''' '• '"' ''"T""-' ''•"••" tl- average Socialist, wiio miMinill coie
.'H Ills atfution .o the social side, but both were in' accord in beliei,;
l.at the service of the community not the building up of ...eat
ortuneH was the duty of a man who sought to benetl' his feMowl.
Klnides being a man of |„ „n<l m.t of words rather controverted the
popular i.lea of the Sochilist, but was not his own peculiarity
In furtherance of what h.- denominated as his socialistic ideas,
Kliodes more than once in conversation found occasion to ..eveielv
criticise friends who, in their wills, provided more iiberallv for tlieiV
wlws and ehiUlren than for iustitiiti.ms which would bene'i "the public
at arge. In referring to one man who had willed a poll ion of his
millKms for public purp(mes ami left tlie remain.ler to liis children
Uhodes said cyni.ally: "It Is a curse to children to leave them monev,'
for t deprives them of all incentive to effort. We slioul.l give our
children the best training possible, wliich includes a Ihoroii- a-
tion, and then turn them loose ujH.n the world without a sivpeme I
apply this to boys only, however. Witli monev of their own wliich
they have obtained without effort on their part tliev nd it n
wine, women ami gambling, and bring disgrace upon the iuiiik-s of il„.ir
fathers. A rich man should leave his money to the public at large
"Now, what is wealth to the one who inherits it? A bunren too
great to be borne. An increase of wealth up to a certain point means
increase of comfort and power up to a certain isiint; bevon.l that it is
increase of burden without comiiensatioii. Every p,.unv of excess of
revenue above the point I have named means tlie birtli of th iser's
sordi.l exultation, together with the miser's fears and forebodings, or
the siH'ndthrift'w cra/.(> for throwing money awav without object. "m'osI
millionaires degenerate into safe-keys in bnvclies, their liv.-s <onsuiiied
111 worry over their investments. Their imaginations are crushed by
their millions, and they die in abject slavery, bound bv strands of steid
to the money which has been their bane' instead of the anticipated
blessing."
The DeBeers romjiany has for years employwl 5,000 KntHrs in the
diamond mines at Kimfaerley, ami by reason of Rhodes' tutoring they
saved a portion of their dollar a day— more monev than they ev(>r
dreamed of before Rhodes began to pay it to them— the restilt being
that when they are too old to work they have enough to keep them
tl
To
CECIL RHODES, liUlLDER OE AX EMPIRE.
II
tli." ivmaimlPr of tlit'ir lives, f„r H,,. Kaffir r.M,uin-s but litth" for his
wants. In his jr,.|,| mines, also, notwitlislandinj; 111,. r\^n\ disciiilim',
111.' wofkincn aiv lanjjlil lo savo soiiu-iliiiitt. Kliodcs Las always souf,'lil'
to itrol.'.l (leoph. afjainsi tlicnisclvt-s, wliitcs as woll as bja.ks, for one
of the wist' saws Ihal forever ^uuUhX him in his .ourse was ••.Men ar<.
bat .hihlron of a lai-er growth, wiih less s.-nse in the main than in-
fants, for Ih.. latter drea.l the tire lliat on.e bnrne,] them, while men
return to I he Hanie to be burned apiin."
One of Kh.ides' friends, who made a riose sindv of this remarkable
iiian, havin- been aieord.-d an inliiiiar.v few ev.-r enjoyed, is autliorilv
for the asserlion Ihal lliis eni|.ire-lMiilder was -yer essentially a reli-
flionsl.y-ni.lined nian;lhai if oneeould but iniaf;ineoiie of Hie oldKoman
emperors .rosse.l xviih one of Oliver fromwell's Ironsides, Hi.- result
bein;,' bronchi np at the feet of lf.r„aii„s Loy„|a. th.. -realest of Jesuits
the anialt;am w d liav.. been the stranf;e prodint im-n railed I{|i s'
Like iiian.v sons of ,ler,«yiiien he was n.-ver a .iHiivliman; born in a
reetorv, h.- ae.rpte.l nothinfr he did not und.'istand, and in spit,' of
the awful inassaer..of the Matabeles, wliieh he deeme.l absolut.dv neees-
sarv in ovn-omin}.' I.obeufriila, their ,hief, his moral sens.., a.eor.lin.r
t.. assertions lua.l,. bv hi ■evolle.l at the i.l.-a of a.r..pli,i^r as of .livine
..riffin tl... Il..br, w wrilin..s whi.h ..xnll.-.l in Ih.- horribl.. sla.iL'hter of
the Anialekites. X,.ver .■oiil.l h.- b.. iiia.l.- or in.liie,..l t.. believe in
•■••■nial pniiishni..nl; and in numerous thinjis h.- fre.,nentlv «ss..rt..,l
that he was an airnostir. niteratin- the stateni..nt, fotimled upon v..ais
of retl(.(tii,n, "I do n.it know."
H...ause of this < ),.... Paul always spok.. ..f l.'ho.U.s as in iinb<.|iev..r
an.l w..rk..d up the FJ.,. is f., a frenzy aj;aiiisi tl,.. man who did not ae,.,.pi'
as .•ibsolulelv true ..vervthinK in the (H.I ,ind Xe-.y T.'staments. Kho.les
eii.l..avor..d f.n' a Ion- lime lo make frien.ls with Mr. Kriip'r, bu» the
alter lurn...l from him as a son of .larkn.-ss and wouhl have nolliin.'
to do with the ...•.•..iitri,. Kufrlishman who b,.Ii,.v,.| half that was in
the R.ble an.l repii.lial,..l the ..ther half. Klio.les Nvas n..t ,.v,.n anii..v...l
nineh I..SS aiif;..r...l, wh..n O.uii Paul turm-d his ba.k. 11,. ^yas in ir'
dent adniir..r of the .d.l I{o,.r, wli.ise natural frifts had attra.t...l his
attention soni,. y.-ars piv.vioiisly, an.l what the r.-snlt luiKht have b..,.ii
what the ,.|T,..t upon Ih,- history .,f the Transvaal an.l. in.h'.Hl. all South'
Africa, ha.l I'l lent Kru-..r half way m,.t th..se ami,abl.. oy,.rtiir..H
no one could have the tenueiity to prediet, but th.-r,. is „„ ,l„„bt that
I
will, a b..||er un.lersian.liiif; belwe,.,, the two ni..n, ,.v..nts wonl.l at
l.'ast hay., ass I a dilT,.r,.iit phas,-.
Wh«t,.y,.r i.l,.as W s may hay,, ha.l ivpinlins f'ligiou were
n..t p..rniitt..,l t„ i,.„.i.fe,.,. ,yi,h his p|.a,.ti,.al or w..rl.lly s.hemes, for
the foriiu.r were never intrii.l..,l up,,,, th,. publi,. • allow.'.l to b,.,.,mie
a fa.tor 111 Ins ,l..alinf;s with men or iii,.asiir,.s; an.l, aft..r a .•areful view
of th,. hel.l h,. ,|,.,.i,|,.,| „,„, as 1„. ,.,„il.l not a...ept all the tliinfjH th,'
' l".r.li put befor.. its f.dlo^y..rs as truth.s, ||„. .lomaiii of iHditi.s offer,..!
"""■" <.|.p<"innili..s f..r advan...ni,.nt. lie aifiue.l within himself Ihal
"... ivason ,.xisl,.| why |„. shouhl not as|.ir,. to th,. Tap,. Pr ,.rship,
I'lid applyinfr his attention to that, h,. b,.,,ini,. Prim,. Minisl,.r in 1«<M»
;ein^th..nthirty.seveny,.ais of a^... lie was the prolaK..nist .,f the pidi.y
'"" '''•'"''•'"" '" ^">'<"' Afri.a shouhl b, ,„iiti„m.,| by w.'rkin-
ilnmiKh rolonial .hannels, a iH.li.y that met with small .•oimi.l,.rali..n
in Kn^riaml „..vin- to the ojH'nly ,..xpr..ss,.,l ,„nl..inpl with whieh th.'
-"loni.-s ..f 111,. Kuipii,. were r,.j;ar,l,..l at Ihal per After KnKlan.l
";"' '"''" f""'.* i"t<'iVNt...l ill 111.. Hrilish-lt • war of 18!t!» she
.haiifjed h,.r opinion in ,„iiu...'tion with th." Cdonh.s.
An anhnt Tap,. < ■.d..nisl, .l,.iM.nd..|it iip.m tli,> snp|M.rl of the Dnteh
V..I...S, h,. f,.Ii ilmi h.. was .•,.nip,.ll,.,| t„ shap.. his ,.ourse to pl,.ase lh,.iii,
nl hoUKh Ih,. inl..lliK..n... in the Colony was y..st,.d, in the main, in the
whiii.s; ,ui 111,. „tlier haii.l, as th,. iii„st iiiilu,'iilial |H.rsoiiaf;,. in the Hril-
ish South Afri.a ( •|iart..r,..l Coniiiany, th,. r,.al r..pr..s,.ntatiy,. ..f the
':'"'•"' v..rniii,.nt for the ..p,.ninj; np an.l s..ttl..iii..nt ..f th,- vast tei-
nt..iies pla.-...l at his .lisposal by Kiiy;laii.l. he .•onl,ln..t do anvthin-
.l.-triiii..ntal t., British iii|,.r,.sls. Pr,.si,l,.nt Knip.r ha.l ,.h..Vish...'i
!ir..al hopi.s reirar.liiiK Swazilaii.l. a t..rril..ry Ivin^ b..|w,...n the Trans-
vaal an.l th.. s..a, but when Sir Ih-nry Lo.h, Hrilish ili^di <V.mmisHion..r
and «iov,.rmu. If Cape C.d.my, a. ■tinj.Min.l..r the inllu..me,.f the Premier
|.."pos,.d that if the Trarnaal ha.l its way with Swaziland it wouhl
niv.. lo pr..iiii.s,. n,.t to ..nl.r ..iti„.r Matabeland or Mashonalaiid, Oom
I anl wa.s, for th,. lirst lim,., b..si,l,. Iiiins,.|f with anfr,.r. This was
Ih,. .aus,. of III,. b..n;,,iiii,it; „f his half,.,! for Hhod.'s, fur th,. hitter's
|.rop.isal ni,.anl, in ..lT...t. that the Transvaal slionhl yield its ...minier-
<ial self.Kov,.rnni..nt. and, in lim,., for,,. Ih,. no,.r IJejmblie into a fed-
,.ral.on d..minnt,M! by KuKhin,!, J„ jhin s.u.n- y.-ar Presideni KmKer
an, F ,.nii,.r Hho.les met i>erHonalIy f..r the Hr8t time, and while the
falli,.r of the burKli,.rs, wln-n ..nfrtaininK the great Englishman aD«I
i
I'lits would at
r«'li{;i()u were
■ sclieincH, for
»<><1 to bfcoiiie
I cjiri'fiil view
he tliiiifTH tlit'
oliticH offered
himself tliiit
l'reinler«liij»,
lister in 18!»(»,
f of llie policy
by world 11 jj
considerulioii
III which the
fter Kiifflaiiil
of 18!>J) she
of the Dutch
please them,
main, in the
I' in the Kril-
alive of the
the vast ter-
do anything
d cherished
n the Traus-
ommisHioner
the Premier,
ml it would
laland, Oom
This was
the hitter's
its i'ommer-
• into n fed-
leiw Kiuger
d while the
Isbman ami
iVLV (illil.s UKKlSNd HAIR.
LOADINI} (BATTLE ON THE AFRICAN COAST
istoiii iiiudi m vogue wltu iiie uatives oi
'^.Tl'lrl. " ^'"" «'''■" "^"^ '^ " '-« '-'•^'^ »I^» -'•> •''■•I'ow'u.^wr Thtin«'7CteS«tri^:^^^ Oae oY the
■""■" " " " ■ "' "^'"'""^ ""j™ in vogue wUli liie utttivesoi
and n.r(e1?lZ'=ouKe-v?ri'i'ar .^"^t'iaT^^^^ f "e on board the*;tea„,ers. the .„i..,s a« tied to the aide, of the boat
<-j„i "*!"A'**BAAN DANCE in n native compound at a Johaiineaburg mine. This form of dance is one of the most curious customs of the Kaffir tribes, and which th,.
indulge m upon festive occasions and on Sundays, when sometimes many hundreds take i>«rt In scanty annml and fc^Jnin^ »4m. .„ »h. kIS.i_»^ . . I?'^
stamp their Set upon the ground, clap their harids, gesticulatiuK and twiLng their bolii.l fnto^^^'Je^ons"?he^l°f ch"ming\nd «™ntCa «rsTaln^^^
unpronounceable guttural sounds, fn the compounds the dance is deprived of some of its fantastic features in the alMnM of !he °f «»«?J^ -iIS*.w^?^^ ^^^
authorities do not permit within the border, of t&e ReBublic. At their kraal,. h„ Jv" f h, n""^ .1" ihlf ?""^J?JS^^ !;"<:'> *^
nf *.hi*K^J""o''i':^'."™ Vi" »"",'"• '"""'.'""'•""K i."",' »^*«Kais anrt shields as they cirile round and rouS their fea8trng"k{n»""Arthe"cI^'rf iii"'amMiS^'^m^^^
of the 1 ght,",a most wonderfully impressive scene is the sudden prostration to the departing sun, after an outburst of the wil" ■ ' - " """""'' *" '*•■'
balf an hour silence falls upou the well-nigh frantic horde,
! wildest gesticulations and war-cries, when for
1
CECIL RHODES, BUILDER OF AN EMPIRE.
78
drinking coffee with liim, felt drawn toward one of kucL eonsnmmale
ability, he inBtinttively feared the ultimate rcHiilt of the workiuffH of
the mind which could devise sclieuiew that, by heighteuinj? the [)ower
of En(;laud, meant destruction to ^ > liepublic of the Transvaal.
The crowning achievement o. Mr. HliodeH' life, in the opinion of
many, was the formation of the Kritish South Africa 'liartered ("om-
IMUiy in 188!), tlie granting of the charter by the Parliament of Eng-
land, which assented at the end of a session at an hour in the morning
when legislation of such im])ortance was not looke<l for, the territory
assigned to the company being north of IJritish liecliuanaland, north
and west of the Transvaal <ind west of Portuguese territory. The objects
of the company, as described, were the extension of railway and tide-
graph lines toward Zambesi, encouragement of imiiiigration and coloni-
zation, promotion of trade and commerce and the development and
working of mining concessions. Members of the Itritish Hoyal family
and dnkes and politicians became inteicwti'd in the Chartered Com-
pany, and its plans for developing South African resources are natural-
ly closely wntclied in Cireat Britain. As manager of the (onipany, and
Prime Minister of Cni)e Cohuiy at the same time, Mr. Khodes became
the most conspicuous figure in South Africa, being in control of a
domain larger and richer than that of many of the proud mouarchs of
the earth who sat on kingly thrones.
It was then that the title of the Uncrowned King of South .\frica
was bestowed upon Premier Rhodes, whoje sway e.\tended from the
('ai)e on the south through the mighty continent northward almost to
Cairo. A great territory was set aside and called Khodesia, after the
I'remier, and thi> honors of the earth were bestowed upon him. These
he did not care for, as there still remained too much to do, but he ob-
sen'ed with satisfaction that events were being shaped to his liking
and that the realizalion of his dreams was diiiwing nearer day by day.
England would yet be the mistress of all Africa, and Cecil .Tii'iin Khodes
would be her recognized and acknowUnlged prophet.
Then came the so-called Jameson raid, the insurn'ction at Johan-
nesburg and the invasion from Uhodesia. Premier Ithodes insisted
from the first that Dr. Jameson acted without aiiHinritv from tlie
Chartered Company. When Rhodes heard of Jameson's entry into the
Transvaal from Hechuannland at the head of nearly 800 men he trie<1
to reach him, but tJie wires were cut and communication Impossible,
so that the first definite news of th"e invaders was only received after
the Boers had killed, wounded and captured the raiders and strung the
wires again. Not only Jameson, but scores of othei-s jn-ominent in the
raid were conntK-ted with the South Africa Chartered Company, this
being the reason the latter, and esp«Hially Ithodes, were accused of
being in the conspiracy. About 150 of Jameson's force were killed,
nearly 100 wounded, 500 taken prisoners, and the others made fugitives.
Prtjsident Kruger refused to have any of the raiders shot; most of them
were released, some imprisone<l for a short time, and others freed upon
payment of ransom. The raid was the result of a revolt of the Uitland-
ei-s at Johannesburg, but after Jameson and his followers had really
begun their invasion the Johannesburg men became frightened and re-
fused to move. About 1,500 of them were armed and drilled, besides
possessing- several machine guns and a great quantity of ammunition,
but the thorough preparations of the Boers alarmed them, and after
Jameson's defeat they surrendered everything.
Premier Rhodes, in spite of his rei)eated denials, still being re-
garded as closely connected with the Jameson affair, resigned his of-
fice, the Boer element in Oipo C<dony, which had always supported
him now being outspoken in denunciation. He knew, however, that
the English-speaking uu'u of South Africa were still his friends, and he
had positive proof of this when, in 1897, a year after the raid, he went
to London to give his evidence on the subject before the Select Com-
nuttee. At every point he stopjxn in South Africa previous to taking
the steamer at Durban his reception was mo?t enthusiastic, and when
he arrived at London he found, too, that practically all England wae
fi.v.ed in the opinion that there was comparatively Ids adminis-
tration needing explanation, much less apology. 1 1 : catment ac-
corded the Uitlanders in (he Transvaal was such thr thing cal-
culated to draw the attention of the world to it wa.s icgaitled as
apropos, in spite of the genenil judgment that the Jameson Raid was
a piece of foolishness, to use no harsher term.
When Mr. Rhmles ap[)eared before the Select Committee of the
llous<> of Commons to give his testimony regarding the Jameson
invasion he delibenteiy refused to an&wer numerous fjuestions as to
any previous knowledge the Colonial Office might have possessed in
relation to the raid, and at the time it was openly charged that the
ox-premier was shielding the Secretary of State for the Ck)lonies,
t
CIICII. RIIODIIS. BVILDliR OF .l\ liMriRE.
•Tosopli Cliimilinlniii, who had known, it wiis ulic.nc.l, that JanicHon was
.■onicniphiiiiiM and pifpaiinji for 'lis foolliaid.v fci-t. It was oven said
llic Hiitisli ivpivscniativo at ('iipt' Town knew of tlic lisin- of tlic
•lolianncshiir!.' I'ithuidcrs, hut not dccniin-; it a vciv scrions matter paid
iilil.'oi- no attention to it. Thonsands In otticiai, |)iditical. Hnancial and
nioicantih- ciiclcs knew of it. also, lint who conli: have vcntnrcd a
prophiMV of siicii an oiilconi<'? As to wliat Secretary ("lianiberiain
niij;hi have known, or ilid know, Mr. ltho(h's never (iivni<;ed, and when
the Sehrt < 'oniniittee. in Its report to the House of ("oninions. relh'eted
npon iiini in seveir terms for his reti.enee he never <pnee opened liis
month in an attempt at self-defense. In the eves of most Kn-rlishmeii
his I'ondnet was rej;afded as honoralde in the hi-hesl (h'-ree. Tliey
aryiied tliat If the ('ommitlee wanted information icnardiiij; Mr. Cliani-
Ixrlain It shonld eall that jrcntleinan and ask him and not try to force
one of his friends to turn traitor and Informer. When tiie report was
read liefor, the Mouse of fominons Kecretarv <'liaml)erlaiu warinlv
defen.hMJ Kliodes. sayinj,' tiie personal honor <if the latt<'r liad lieeii 'n
no w.i.v impu^'iied l,y tiie rc'iiort; that Khodes had simply seen (it to
testify as to what lie personally knew of the Jameson oiithicak; that
the ('(donial Office was not afraid of any investi}.atloii. and was pr,.-
pared to meet any iiniiiiiT it mi^ht be seen lit to lnan;,'nrate. Th ■
Secretaiy's hold stand had tl fT.Mt of excitin- further acrmiration for
Khodes. who prefi'ire.! to remain silent under abuse and oblo.'iuy rather
than betray a frien.l-which is t.. say, if there was anything; to' betrav.
No one ever doubted Khodes' personal couraf,'e. There never was
a situation he dared not fai.., for danjier seenu'd to have a positive and
irresistible fascination for him. lie was warned numberle.ss times that
his life was in .lanjjer when he was arran};ln;i for the considhiatioii of
the diamond ami -(dd mining Interests, hnmlreds of disappointed specu-
lators ami mine-owners lookinj; upon him as the destrover of their
hopes f(n- riches in cr.-atin- monopidies which shut out all competi-
tion; as premier he was constantly menaced, but never look the sli-hi-
est pre.aulinns f<,r his safety; while the risks he ran in his omfereiTc.-s
with sava,ue liilx's and in iravelinc throiifih the wihler [.arts of the
newly-op..ned territories In S.nith Africa were t(.o manv for computa-
tion. !l<. was in l-.attle sevwil times, when the ftmest warriors of the
Matahele and other tribes charfied time and ajjaln upon the Hritisli
rank.s, but he never soiifrht the protection of the rear, preferrinfj to
miiam in the front while lh(> lifihtin- was };(Hnt' on, althotiuli not a
s(ddier nor .arryinj? arms, and well awaiv that. If captured, he would
not be accorded the treatment jfiven prisoners of war. On the con-
trary, lain- c.u-dlally hafd by the bbn'ks, he knew h.. would in all
pndiability b.. put to (U-ath with Ih,. most horrible tortures when the
ivveuf-efnl chh.fs -ot tlu'lr hands upon him. This, however, ma.le m)
<lilT( n.n.'e to Khodes. Me went wli.Te he thon-!,( he .ni-ht to -o, pr..-
pared at all times to accept what..ver nii^dit l,e in store for him
No better exain|d.' of utter fearlessness was ,.ver affor.led bv a man
than KlMMb's- comhict durliiM ij,,. f.iui.ms Matahele outbreak in t'he early
I'i'il of isitti. Th.. savages massacn.l < very white man, w.uaan anil
'■•"l<l li.ey ,ouhl fr,., |,„|,| „f ,„„, i;;„|c,dclianc,. to the llrillsh troops
«n..ier(ieneraH-ar.ln„lon. After sev,.ral en^Mj;ements had taken place,
ivsiiltin- in no advantaKe |„ ||„. Kimlish, Khodes, «ho hail accom-
panied thw troops, made a slartllnf; prop,,si<i()n.
"I km.w these Matabeles," he said to (iciieral Carrin-ton. "Tliev
are a brave and -allai't lot of warriors and thev will li-ht to t leall'i
'I hey aii' not afraid oi bulicts am" ;;iy,m-><, but thev will often Iksteu
to reason. I.e» m<. ..o and ,-ee the nat,*. chiefs, liav a talk with ' :em,
put the situation dearly before them, and it is jiossible we r^av settle
this matter with.uit further li.;htin;.'. At least th-re's nothln- like try-
injr. Somethinfi: may come of it."
The Matabeles occupied impre-rniible positions In the MatopiM*
Mills, beyond the reach of Kritish f;uiis, and were sullen ami deHant.
No one expected Kho.les would come back from an expedition deemed
literally suicidal, but he knew better. He had simlied the KoiKh
.\frican sava-ie's character and was aware of its strom; and weak
points. These children of iiatiiie loved phenomenal dariu}; ;" tlii-y would
not torture or kill a prisoner who had shi.wn extraordinary bravery;
they locked upon an absolutely fi arless man as a fiod. Therefiu'e, when'
Khodes, alone and nnarined, walked into their camps and made ;iver-
tni-s h)okln}t to the settlement of the ipie.stions involved in the war
they pizeil with siirpri.se and admiration upon this man who inviti^d
death by appear! Ufx before them alone and helpless. Il(. was taken
before the leadiiif; imliina, or chief, the situation w.-is t'oiie over th-.n'-
oujrhly, other chiefs were called in, tlieii {{'■••'van.eH heaij and dis.
cussed, and the outcome was that Khodes secured .. cssaticn of
hostilities after promisinR that every wroiifj complained of sheuM be
THROUGH THE BOER LINES.- So watchful were the keen-eyed Boer sentries at their out-post» that the British found it utterly impossible to send dispatches by
their own regular bearers, and were obliged to mnVf use of natives of tlie district, who were thoroughly accjuainted with every inch of ground lying between the British and
Boer camps. The photograph shows one of the rialive dispatch bearers, having passed through the Boer lines surrounding Ladysmith, with dispatches for G r^ral White.
Entertaininga wholesome fear of the Boers, the natives would use the utmoo*. caution in attempting to pass their out-posts. Creeping through the dense bush .^^ ' their
black bodies being undi-ccmibic against the dark fci:3;;c, and at night n:n' : r.; rrith ^rmt ?p::ru thruugh thr inore open countr}-, they would cover great distai ■ '.70 or
three days with perfect ease. On such journeys the natives carry but little mi'., and that being but a few pr •.: ; - if "stamped mealies" boiled with salt and . "U in a
piece of cloth suspended around the waist. In their efforts to earn a reward and the unstinted praise that is bestowed upon them upon the successful delivery of u:;.patche8.
they become greatly excited and enthusiastic.
CECIL KHOnilS, BUILDER 01- AS EMPIRE.
77
righted. The chiefs believed him; they withdrew tlieir fones; Rhodes
liept liis word to tlie letter by !^;vin}{ the Matabeles a better and more
intelligent government, and the latter are now friends instead of ene-
mies of the English. Their love for Uliodw is unbounded, for he never
lied to them and did wliatever he said, he would do. Tr-ith, and a love
for truth, are the predominant trails of the uncivilized natives of the
forest or plain, and Rhodes knew this.
Rhodes and tieneral (}ordou, the hero and victim of Khartoum,
were close friends, although stt dissimilar in characters and tastes.
Oordon was the living embodiment of gentleness and self-effacement;
Rhodes the incarnation of force and wif-assertion. (i(U'don, though a
s(ddier, was a man of jteace; Rhodes, a civilian, believed in the tyranny
of arms, and yet they were almost like brothers when together in South
Africa, where (iordon had been sent to seek the (juieting of some <tf
the more turbulent tribes. When (Iordon was al)out to dej)art for
Khartoum he urgently requested RhcMles to accompany him, feeling the
need of a man of strong administrative and exeoitive ability, but
Rhodes had too nuiny problems to scdve where he was to leave them
and go to the Soudan, where, in a ctimparatively few nuiuths, (i<«'don
fell a victim to the treacherous fury of the Mahdists. Rhodes often said
that had he gone with Oordon, Khartoum would never have been taken,
for he would never have pennitted the fanatics to take him unawares
and butcher him as they did tJordon, like a rat in a trap. He thought
(Jordon pushed comjdaisance entirely too far, and trusted too implicitly
to the honor and generosity of a foe that was devoid of both these
sentiments.
When the Hrilish-Hoer war of 189!) broke out Rhodes was in Kim-
berley, which was the first place to be invested by the burghers; in
fact, the siege Itegan on the 12th of October, the day at'.er Hie Trans-
vaal declared war against <}reat Hritain, tJeneral Bofhu, who, later,
upon Oeneral .Joubert's death, succeeded to the supreme command of
the Boer forces, moving over from the Orange B'ree State and surround-
ing the city with a double row of trenches. So eager was the Transvaal
governnu'nt to capture Rhodes that it set a price of |2,0t)0,000 I'.pon his
head, and during the one hundred and twenty-six days the siege lasted
everj' effort was made to take the town, which was defended by Colimel
Kekewlch with 2,500 regular troops and about the same number of
volunteers, but the Boers were held a,t bay until the arrival of General
French. Rhodes showed his great qualities during the siege by his
intense activity, unwearied efforts in aiding the military authorities in
every way, assisting the inhabitants who suffered the pangs of hunger
fok" numy weeks, and encouraging the defenders in every way. Ills fore-
sight in storing ]irovisions in the town and tilling the magazines with
ammunition of all kinds w«s also of great assistance to the military in
conducting the defense.
Rhodes sliowwl his appreciation of humor by sending word to his
ancient enemy. President Kruger, the day the siege was raised, of his
safety, and congratulating the Boer e.\ecutive upon being able to save
( he $2,000,000 offeretl for his head. Oom Paul, however, did not deign
to reply.
There is an inside story in regard to this ransom President Kruger
proposed to demand for the restoration of the person of Mr. Rhodes to
his friends — after the Empire-builder had been captured at Kimberley,
of course. Some persons in England have insisted, by the way, that the
sum President Kruger had set his heart upon was £2,000,000 (f 10,000,-
000) instead of |2,000,000, and as they were known to be quite intimate
friends of Rhodes' it is among the possibilities they were right, which
he proposed to put into the treasury of the South African Republic as
an indemnity for the Jameson raid. Mr. Kruger always insisted that
Mr. Rhodes was the instigator and prime mover of the insurrection the
I'itlauders proposed to set going, but as Jameson's haste and indis-
cretion spoiled the whole business, Rhodes got out of the mess by saying
he knew nothing of Jameson's intention (so Mr. Kruger said) until the
invasion <if the Transvaal was actually a fact.
As the South African Republic was compelled to send several hun-
dred men to Johannesburg to stop Jameson antl disarm the disaffected
ntlanders, President Kruger deemed £2,000,000 none too little (nor too
much) for the trouble to which the Republic had been put and the
insult offered the State by a lot of freebooters and scallawags.
Dr. Jameson was connected with the South African Company in
Bechuanaland as an employe, but he took good care to cut all the tele-
graph wires as soon aa he entered the Transvaal so that Mr. Rhodes
could not reach him, thus giving weight to Mr. Rliodes' denial of knowl-
edge regarding the venturesome doctor's mission or object,
<ii:M:i;AL ItlLM]!! STKICK OI'T TlllfKK TIMKS.
Kroiii "St. Paul Pioiiccr-rreHS."
(!.-n......l nmi,.,- w,.s ,.f l,nf four ti,„,.s lM-f.„v l„. sM.r,.,M!,Ml i„ niakin-
'. ,^' •'7; "":^" . '-"'l.vs.nitl,, Init 1... s,M.r....,l,Ml in "ir.-tUi... ..n" "n
nr'ov,., '.,1 ,,^1' ■'■ ^•"■" '""""•' ^*"'''' '■""'""<■ "'"' »" ■"'"^<- f- '•"" to
Fn.Mi (1..' scTf-NutiNflcd Niiiil." ..n \\w FCiiitrir fac,., it is evident I^nele
I'n.ll llm„;rl,t 1,,. ,..,„1,1 striiie |{„||er ,.Mt em-y time '"'""«* ' "' '^'
"I'M Pia-rrTY well smoost now, ain-d id?"
From "St. Paul Plonoerl'ress "
H;;^"::;;.:'';'s.;:,T:'ir;:,,';;::;T, ''--'-'.' «.ii..':^'.;i.i.'.«
78
^ A^£
lifter the
iirf of (lie
!■>• tcllillfr
•liillR off
MOUNTING A 8-INCH OUN.
EHBABKATION OF CANADIAN MOUNTED RIFLGS,
WHERE A BOEB SHEI.L ENTERED r A KIMBERLBY HOUSE.
"LONG CECIL," MANDFACTUBED AT KIMBEBLBT.
heav.
of teh
MOUNTINQ A 6-INCH NAVAL flUN — When the war in South Africa broke out the British did not have enough heavy guns at the front to successfully meet the
p'>.^i'tment of the Boers. To supply the deficiency they landed naval guns. These had to be mounted before they were of service. The illustration shows tbe kind
?<r.;'»ed carriage on which these gnns were mounted. Canadian MouBtad RIflaa — The illustmtion here given is from a pliotostaph taken at Halifax, Nova
Sc .. the Canadian Mounted Rifles on their way to embark on the steamer "Milwaukee" for the front in South Africa. A Boer Shell.— While the heavy sheila
thrown luto Klmberley by the Boere during the siege did little damage, they hit sometimes. The illustration here shows where one of these shells entered a house.
U^?* Cartl. —When the dege of Kimbertey hegan the British had no long-range guns to teach the Boer entrenchments. They manufactured one in the works of the
De Been mine, and christened It "Long Cedl'^ in honor of Cecil Rhode*, ne iUustration shows the gun ready for service.
CUAl'TEH VI.
PAUL KltlKJKK, IMSKHIKKNT OF TIIK HOKH HKIMJMLIC.
•■a
n
ET the Mnn]uiH of KaliHbiiry roiiu'inlicr that his
win Ih 111 Muffkint;" wus th<' reply of I'rcHith'iit
Htcpliaium JohaiiiD'N I'auliiH K'niKcr, cliicf cxerii-
tlv»' of tilt' Trans ,ial, wht'ii iiifornii'd thai (he
ItritlHh (idVH'iiiiicnt proiMiHcil In ri'taliatc ii|m>ii
liiM'i' prlHoniTH hIkiuIiI IIh' Kii^riiHli soldifrs, pris-
oiuM'H of war in the handH of the ItocrH, HiifTcr bad
treatment.
ThiH threat waH not Idly made, for Oom Paul
L;- .j- it* not a man to waHte words, lie Ih not an orator,
yot his hIkii ', criHp menteneeH, containing common-seiiHt', wit, wisdom
ant n wonderfnl knowlnljje of men and events, are earnerly listened to.
Xot that tjie father of the Unr^liers of the Transvaal, iis he is lov-
ingly callt' s a bloodthirsty man, for he is not ; but President KrujJter,
bein(r n I <'r in the teachings of the >(osaic law^"An eyi' for an
eye and a i for atooth"^wonld not hesitat(> to carry out thai stern
mandate to the letl< i:
Therefori', had the English tak<'n the life of a single Itoer prisoner
In revenge for anything, no matter what, the sjH-ctacle of the son of
the most powerful man in all the Hritish eninire dangling from the
end of a rop« might have btn-n presented to the gaze of an astcmisheil
world.
President Kruger has taken rank, in the opinitm of the shrewilest
observers, with Hismairk and hi I In tig < 'hang as a nmster of diploni:icy;
a Boldier who early demonstrated gri ai military ability; a man of action
and unfailing resource, and a giant in intellect. He is a born leader,
and while at times it may be that he has been somewhat arbitrary and
d03p»'»tlC', 11 in <*i|uiUJy iriK- iiifll |M-ri<niH < "iiut" in tile iiiNioi of every
country when it is absolutely neci'ssury for the chief exectitive to act
Independently of all others.
81
The Transvaal chief of state is a man of thought as well as pur|MiHe,
who studies all (|neHth»ns coming to his notice nm i thoroughly before
acting upon them, nev,.|. talks without careful . onsideraliou, is firm
as a cock when his mind is made up, holds the ivelfare of his people
al)o\i' all things, guimls jealously the rights of his country, and has
never been afraid to go i war when he was sure occasion d(>nianded it.
Simple in his tastes, living as unostentatiously us many ef the
Hurgliers, who are not by any means classiil iinii.ng the wealthy, Ilerr
Kriiger, although many times a millionaire, has none of the character-
istics which so plainly mark the vulgar rich, lie is a deeply religious
man, one wlio miglit be properly callid a fanatic, is devoted to his
Mundayschool, is never absent from congregatitnuil meetings, is as
p'ompt in those snuiller iluties of life as if the weight of the cares
I state were the merest trifles, is a model husbami and as much
in love with his wife as though she were a rosy-cheeke<l bride instead
of a .vonuin verging into wliat might be termed idd age, and is, in
short, what he acknowledges he is, a plain citizen and home-loving,
spending as mm h time as possible by his fireside, smoking his old pipe
and talking to his good wife.
Hy reason of his lionest way of living, Oom Paul, now in his seventy-
sixth year, is hale and hearty; in no way whatever is the ai tiou of his
brain impaired, while pliv ally he is certaiidy a nuin-el. His fra
ihat may with jiropriety be termed massive. Ins slioulders having
a tremendous breadth and his chest a depth that nught well e.xcite the
envy of a man fifty years his junior; tlie advancing years have, naturally
enough, bent that body which has had the strength of a Samson,
for in his prime the nfpnl President was deemed one of the strongest
men in .\mca, us well as one of the swiftest runners and a dead sure
shot Willi a rifle.- \s to his prowess as a sprinter, it is relatwl of him
that he \von a race in which were entered the very flower of the Kaffir
»2
r.ni. KhTi.ih'. r^-iisi/)i:xT or tiil hour knrrnuc.
il
|:
MliiiuTs, iIh.sc liicli'Ms liMiiiiiii ciiyilifN uhiisc Nti'iliii iirvci- m'fiim to
tiiw mil iiikI Mill) iiic iipiniii'iiil.v woiiiiil up (,>v n wfck at U-i\M; ami
U..I ..iil,v <|ii| vniiii- KfupT will, iHil was far i'IkmimIi alit'atl ii> take a
iVHt, pick up liJN liilc .iiKl iuivc a i|mI<'| Imiiii all liv liijuM.'lf l.cfniv (he
llfNl of the wiiiilldiiwii savafics piii in au appciiraiicc.
.\k til lii.s pfisiuial inuiani' <lit'i<' ix ni.t tin' saspirimi .,f a ijiaibt.
It lias Iwcii tiiid nil till' llflil of battle ami in ihi- fmcst, liiii l.cfoic
«'itli«T nuni or licast the Ntoiii lit-ai'tt'il Kiiif;cr iii'vcr (jiiailt'il. llaviii;,'
no iicrv.'v, iMUii al)n(iiinall> lualtliv. plilcfrmatj. in ii'inpi-ianu'iit ami
iii'vcr iiM liiii'il to ;iiv,. wav to an opponent in an.\ sort of an arnnnn'nt,
lie alwavs kipi his head, no matter liow jifave ilie ilan;;er ei.nffontiii},'
liim, ileteiniineil tii win the vieton if |N.ssil.le, ami if not, to tlie only
after havin;; eansed his enemy all the lioable in his power.
If the head ..f the Moer repnldie has .,ne weiiKiiess it is his rabid
hatred of (ileal liriiain ami everythin}; Kn^jlish. Jle has persistently
lefiiseil to learn the lan}:na;.'e of llis enemies, altl ^.h lie iinderstamis
it when spoken, and will edUvtTse in iiothintr Iml the I»Mteh of his
failiei's. That he is a follower of amieiit Dnteh rusioms is apparent
from the faet that he is the fatlier of sixteen children, this number
only beiiiy: exceediv by the ori;.'inal Kramer, one .laci.b, who went out
from Hi I III! in 17i;f, i.> whom his wife bore ei^fhieen sons and dan);h-
tiTs. Old Jacol) was the founder of tlie Kramer element in the Trans-
vaal, whicli is distinjiuished for its pu(;uacity. brains and «eneral pro-
;;ressi\eliess,
Ooiii Paul was born in ("ape Colony, at (Vdesbni;;, Octolier 1(1, 1,S2.'>,
Imt when ten years of ajje his family trekked northward throiifjh the
Oranp" Free >!tMte into the Transvaal, the party, of wlii.h the Klimer-
ites formed no considerable niiniber, beinj; composed of about one Imn-
dred persons, all mid. A tierce attack from the .M.itabeles was siiccesN-
fully withstood, the intrepid Paul handliiij; his little ride with accuracy
and effect, for he was even then a rare marksniau. The women of the
party loaded the guns and kept them in jjood condition during: the li;;lit.
Kvery Hoer, boy and pirl, is taujiht the use of tirearms as soon as they
are able to lift a weaisin, and the women of the Transvaal are proud
of the fact that they <ould take the field against an invader, if neoessan-,
and jrive a (ine account of then'.Helve.s, ton, Thoy mx- a sfn.-ri}; nice,'
iiiure.1 to hardships, are as fanatical as their fathers, husbands and
brothers, and this fanaticism they transmit to (heir sous ami dauffhterB.
I'he women of the lloer Republic ire niidersi 1 io |uiv.. bound
llaniselves by oath to take up arms at;;iinst an ern'mv when the men
"' e all Koiic d.-ad, wounded or prisoners-ami hghi nnlil tliev, loo,
aie annihilated. Th..y possess an imh.mitable spirit, ami say ihev
prefer death to the domination of any other power, which, to iheiV
uiimis, is the same as slavery.
■^ '''^ ""■ l""l'''' "f "K' Transvaal, and, imleed, this includes the
greater |.aii of the Hatch in the Orange Fiw State, XatalamlCaiM.Col.
■my, Ooni I'aul is look.nl i n as a prophet, om- who is in communication
at all times with (iod, ami almost the in diate representative of the
Vrvuu,v upon earth. Piesideni Krager bcMev. s himself to be , er
'I '«. constant guhlance <.f Provhlence; that he was born to do -r.-eat
things and .lelivr his p,.o| ,ut of bondage, preserving to themna-ir
libertu's when threatened and bringing thi'in in saf.'tv out of iriaN and
ifibnlations when attacked, lie is Napo ,!,. |„ bis Uleas as to him-
^elf, and is what might be ca 1 a man of destinv. lie never .Iocs
anything without praying over it, gives (!od the full credit for everv
victory, and in ,ase of def<.at ami reverse bows his head under the
chastening, announcing to his iieojile that th..v liav.- n derelict in
their ilnties in some way, for which they have deserved the punishuK-nt
inetwl out to them.
Hoers never go into battle with<mt fii-st uttering a praver; after
u tight they give thanks for victory or apj^-al for success in the next
contest in case of def.-at; their Hibles and pravei-books are their con-
slant companions, and their military commanders, like Cromwell, in-
variably beseech their men when going into action, to '-Trust in (Iod 'ami
keep their powder dry." Tlu- three things the Moer, apart from his
family, regards most highly, are his llible, his hors.- and his rifle, lie
cannot do without them.
Ooni Paul was abcait twenty-live years of age when he reci'ived
the word, as he has himself fre.,uenily d.-scribed it, "to consecrate
myself to (iod, and through Ilim devote myself (<. the welfare of my
people." Although be had little or no education, bis i)nrentH having
taught him to read and write, but nothing more, >Ir. Kruger's char-
ncter was always impressive. Flis zeal, enthusiasm, love of country,
hatred of everything thai promised io endanger the liberty of his fel-
low-citizens— these, combined with his giant Htature,' herculean
strengtli, leadershij* in all field sjMirts and jsiwer (.f will and purpose-
foJ^o!^:LlJ^yTJ.^,tr^r^^^^^ ♦'■tf'""^.^« ''•^«"^V """^ •-»>'"> engage.. .h«t part of tl,e Boer
was detailed to go td'it. relief. Whi.. Hearing KitnCley he came upon a Boer coZov?,f Z^^.^'^J""^ ^''" '*"-^*'*'' ^'^y'^ "°f"' """^ '^'^""al French with his cavalry
besieging the town. General Frenr<i-» lroo,S attacked the convm^d rao^red ?he «ve^,?^/„lT"^ conveying supphes and ammunition to the Boer forces that were
spmt of the .vent and p.^nted it in the strong drawing here given .^t^E^-.t ^^f'^^lTisZTd fhtf^iV^ ^^i^TrZZX^^ oIt''^i'ir WS."^"' '"'
„.. BIRTHPLACE OP QBNERAL WHITD—The illuslration here Biven is of the <-r,unir„ hn„« .n,l Hj- -»"»• ...~~.-Ji-» i. !- -i.i-
^°„'i™k.^iU'^^!L?'™" P" '''"l*. '" ''""*" "» '^"^^ ■■ '"'•■""=, and 19 situated at forlstewart in the county of I)?rby in cenUarEngUnd.
General WI,^/i!!T- iP^ T" '" ^A ^ ■°°' °° ^^ central figure but one of a nation', aolicitude in thi South African war. wLn the
uenerai w Mite was ti.t Hntish command#r in Nntnl ^itu efwMit ti;rwi »..>« ..«^.. *,;_ ^ _*_»! _i _. »» .1. «. -^
scenery thi; boy grew
General White wan t;.. .
Durban, with Ladysmith as the headquarters
esdurcd a siege of marly four montbi <
".\ ^hTJLvr , "r-"i^" "" "^^^ ■ '■""■""=,. ?"<> '» '"ualea at forlstewart m the county of Derby in central England. Amid this strong luid rugged
■ := nT-.? ^ A ■°°' °° y,^ central figure but one of a nation's solicitude in the South African war. When the war broke out in South AWca
ii;i, .. l. ^° ?" - '" J 'i "'"' about 15,000 men under his command, sUtioned at NewcasUe, Glencoe, Dundee, Ladyamith, Colenao and
^ly fowLonthi ' "*'" ""''■ " °' °''°''°'' ^'""*" "^ ^'''•'"° ^ '""*" '"" *"P^ "P inUdysmithrwhere thSy
nd
ica
ind
My
PAUL KRUGHR. I'RESIDIIXT OF Till- HOER REPUBLIC.
dii
caused p<>ople to regard him as one who was a natural-born ruler;
they looked up to him, as people will in a new country, to one who
dominates physically and mentally. It was necessary that a man
should be able to take care of himself in any sort of a contest, and
this young Kruger could do. In all the Transvaal — in fact, in all South
Africa — there was no man who could wrestle, run, ride, shoot, swim
or climb as well as he; who could endure or stand as great liardshii)s
with less murmuring, lie overrode everything that stood in his way,
not front a htve of brutal dominance, but because he was masterful
and it was simply right that he should be the tirst in all things, and
be <ibeycd in all things.
When the Dutch Reformed Church in the Ti-ansvaal was split
over matters relating to doctrine and pra<tlce, Kruger affiliated with
the Dopper element, and in time became its acknowledged head. This
element believed in the greatest simplicity in worship; it has remained
conservative and has always looked with disfavor up(tn any of the so-
called "advancements" in the frtrnis of observance; it adhe es rigidly
to the o!d manneir. and customs, frowning upon all inuovutious, its
members denu>aning themselves only as the humbl(> and unwo.-thv '■A-
lowers of the Havii.r. The DopixTii, by their stand in favor of this
Ktraightforward and unostentatious way of woishiping, attracted the
large majority of the earnest and severely religious class of Hoers,
who allied themselves with this branch and have remained steadfast
ever since, constituting the main j)art of President Krugei-'s supinirt —
that is, being fanatically devoted to him, they will go to any lengths in
his behalf, obeying him willingly and without hesitation, and who
can be dependinl upon to follow him anywhere.
At the same time, the two other divisions of the l)ut( a Keformeil
Church, although what might be ternuMl mcu'e liberal atul progressive
than the DopjM'rs, did not hesitate to recognize the ability and acumen
of the Dopper leader, and many of their miMubers were also ranked
among his supjMirters. As might be exjM'cted among a |Mipulation so
puritanical as that of the Boers, religion and jiolitics have never been
separated, and the main source of Oom Paul's political intluence has
therefore been through his churcii connection. The Ilurgher of the
Traiif^vaS! vrtuiu !!•' nH>re divrtrce l-iri iv-i'lginii frt.-iit his imiiiics than
could the old Ironsides of England or the Puritans who landed upon
Plymouth flock, and he cannot see why they shouhl be separated.
One is his soul's preservation and the other is the safeguard of the
liberties of his country in his mind. '
Kruger took naturally to soldiering, and at seventeen years of age
was made an assistant tield cornet, being a full-fledged cornet at twenty
and leader of a commando. Ilis time was fully occupied witli the sur-
rounding tribes of savages, and such ability did he manifest that he
rose by rapid and numerous proportions to the chief military com-
mand, that of Commandant-tieneral, which he held until 1870, when
he was elected Vice-President, the late C.eneral .loubert succeeding to
the military command, which Kruger had retained lifteen years or
more. The new President was not a Koer, but a EuroiM'an,'Thomas
l'\ Hurgers, an able man, but unfit to lead a lot of famitical religion-
ists. In atldition to his alleged "irreligion" he was not a soldier, and
when, under his command, a Poer force was defeated by a native tribe
that had revolted, the Burghers were aroused to fury. They felt hu-
miliated and disgraced, for never before had a Boer turned his back
upon a savage in battle.
Vice-President Kruger, then forty-five years of age and in his prime,
had developed an ambition for the chief executive office, and was mucli
chagrined when Burgers was decided upon. <"ommandant-(ieneral
Jonbert was also dissatisfied, and neither he n<tr Kruger offered oppo-
sition when a systematic campaign was begun against the new Presi-
dent, who wa.i |)articularly vnlnerabl(> to the sort of attack so cunningly
made upon him. He was accused of being Utile less than a heretic be-
cause he did not belong t(» the Dutch |{eformed Church, and this, of
course, was enough to coud<Mun him in the eyes of these uncomijromis-
ing religious fanatics; further than that, he was not a soldier, and
when the <Iefeat of the Boer force led by him was accomplished by a
savage foe his un|)opularity was sinijdy unbounded. For seven years
a most unsatisfactory state of things continued, when all at Once
England annexetl the Transvaal and a British Commissi<iner replaetnl
President Burgers
British annexation came just previous t;> the time when a new
President was to have been chosen, and Vice-President Kruger had
announced his candidacy, the conservative or pro-religious element
being at his back. President Burgers desired to succeed himself, and
the little republic was torn by conflicting ixilitical contests, which had
the effect of materially reta-ding the growth of the country and serl-
.Sfi
p. in. KRrcr.R. prf.sipf.xt or the boer REPrni.ic.
(luslv iid'cclcd lilt' tiiisiiifS8 iutfTi'stH <ff the state. So fierce did the ngi-
l;iliini l,iTiiinc lliat civil strife was feared l>v iiiaiiv, the Hnrjiliers beiiifj
in siicii an excited conilition tliat an a])|)eal to arms l)_v some hot-iieaded
factionist niifilit liave precipitated bloodsiied. \'ice-l'residen( Ki'ii<;er,
however, remaining; cool and calm, held his followers in check and the
l)rosp(Mts for his success were ver.v trood when Kn^land, deeminu; the
oi)portnnitv a more promising; one than would l)e offered afiain, pro-
ceeded to carry into effect her lonfj-cherished plan of ann:'xnti(i!.
Ciimmandant-Cieneral Jonbert at once lesifincd, but Vice-1'resident
Krujjer held his ottice, beinj; jjifted with the wininn;; faculties i.f pa-
tience, perseverance and loufj-sufl'erinj;.
Annexation was evidently not the paiiaica for the ills the Trans-
vaal was thtn enduring, and the English tioveriiment found itself
c(infi'onte<l by a serious problem. The li'aven of desire for political inde-
penilence was workiu}; uneasily ainoii); the phle};matic Boers, and Vice-
rresident Krup-r slren^jthened his hold upon the peo|)le by making
two trips to London and submitting formal and sidemn protests apiinsi
the action of the British, but he couhl not change the situation. The
ICn^lish authonties were confident that annexation was tlie best Ihinjj
for the Transvaal, and refused to l)elieve that the Boers were inde-
lielident or brave enoiifjli to fifrht to throw off the yoke put ui»on them.
.Mr. Kru);ei" warned the Beaconstield ("abinet that war was not amon^
the impossibilities; that the a<;itation for independence v.a.s sure to
result in Boer fre<'doni; that it wouid I)e clieajH-r-for Kn^dand to accept
the inevital)le than to «lrive a |H>ople into a war that would cost the
eiiipiic heavily in men and money, and lose her the Transvaal in the end.
Oom Paul knew that hostilities could not lonj; be delayed, for so in-
furiated was theyounjier Boer (dement that it re(iuiied all of his tact and
infiuence to prevent an attack upon the British representative, Kir
Barlle Frere, who, allhou}.di [M-rsonally liked, was linn in his defense
of annexation, lie could not see what was };oin^ on arouixl him. that
the Bur;rh*-rs were in a mood tnat promised troid)le, and that actual
preparations foi- war against the Kn};lish Government were steadily
l)roce<Mlinf;. Neither did he know that Vice-President Krufjer's plans
were daiifxerously near maturity; tiiat this man of faith, patriotism and
deep-seated fanaticism was the one who was shortly to |ironi))t the
Boers to nse and sweep the lOn^jlish army aside as though it were
straw.
But a few niontlis more than three years from the date of tho
annexation of the Traesvaal had pass<'d when the tiladstone Cabinet
was disagreeably surprised to learn that war with the Boei-s was an
actuality, the republicans having proclaimed the continuation of their
government, whose functions had be<'n mei'idy temjiorarily interfered
with. Mr. Kruger assumed his Vice-Presidential iluties, (ieneral Jon-
bert again took up the cares of C-oniniandant-OeniMal, and the other
oHiceis of the foinier Boer r(>public, many of whom iiad been removed
by the British, proceeded to carry on the business of their various de-
pal intents as though nothing had ever hajipened. No President was
clHPicn. It was not the time for that, and Mr. Kruger could wait. In
the meanwhile he would see that no oiu' else got the coveted jjlace.
Kverything was ready. The Boers, hating the I'^nglish beyond
]iower of exjiression, were delighted to get at their haughty, overl)earing
enemies, who treated tluMU with such irritating, undisguised conlenijit.
Nothing was to he feared from savage foes, as the Zulu po\\('r had
been destroyed and the other dangenuis trilx's lirought into subjection,
while, with Kruger and .foubert to h>ad them, the Boers were jier-
fectly confident of victory. Proniptwl by a rabid desire for revenge,
their native jvride having been humbled by men who had taken no
pains to conciliate tlu-m, the Burghers were eager for a chance to try
their rifles on the red-coate<l soldiers of the tjutien.
The world was amazed at the victories aidiiev(>d by the undisci-
pliuj'd Boers over Kngland's nmguiftce'nt troops. At Bronker's Hpruit
a force of .")()(• was forced to surrender after l.")0 hail been killed and
wounded; <i(>neral Cronje, now a prisoner at St. Helena, forced the sur-
r(»nder of the garrison at Potchefslrooin, while 'Jcneral Colley was de-
feated at New<)islle, Ingogo and Majulta Hill, the last-named Iteing
where ir>0 BotTs scaled the mountain, attacJieil (iOO English soldier.-t,
and drove them out of an impregnalile position after great slaughter,
(icneral ("oiley was among lh(> killed.
>'ice-Presidei'1 Kruger had general supervision of all military op-
erations, consi'uted to the anuistice asked for by the British after
Majid)a, and directed the negotiations entere<l into at what is known
as tlu> ('(invention of Pretoria, the result of whi<di was that althougli
the BtM'rs acknowledged th«' suzerainty of the (iueeu, consented to
Kngland's retaining control of all dealings with foreign governnit^nts
and native trilies in uiatlerH affecting the Transvaal, they (ditained at
i
1
m-
Wr..1^i^^?^pM ^J ^**T LONOON.-The town of East I<ondon is the third largest in Cape Colony, and is situated on the Indian Ocean directly south of the Orange
f ".*,?.!*»!-."•!' I'fu ™ r*?L* l;T ''^ .-"P"^ -- .'5"'°"™'''* ^y railway. The bench at this point is extremely picturesque, being one of the most beautiful seaside
J.ZL~.^Z Tij'^ 1: 7.^ !"". ■-■■'"•=\~"=""= " '■J'-" p'™ nn::r.;3y scaiiuU auiouij liic- Cape Col-.iiia:!.. Al Una limc tiie peopie come to ihis beach irom far and near tor holiiliiy-
?nml.'5n .h2^n?i„^ il „i. uT ^"^ «"'?•"""« » <">R time. DuHng the South African war this beach has been used as a camping ground by refugees who left their
homes in the sections in which the war has been conducted. The illustration ia of a camp of these refugees. r e o / e
I' I
WBBX'K Of ARUORED TRAIN AT FRERK.
>lAJon-l<R^<Il;uA.^ Aynuvm n wirn'in^i
QENBRAl. WAUCHOPE — MajorOeuera! Andrew G. VVnucliope, who was in command of the Highland Briv;arte, was one of the mo«t nonular offic
ny. He led the charge of the HiKhlauders at the battle of Mfi^jersfoiiteiii, Deceiiiter II, 18<>i, in which battle he was killed. This was one of the w
rilEKS.
army. He led the charge of the Highlanders at the battle of Mj^ersfoiiteiii, p«e!nl«r II, 18<>i, in which battle he Vaa killed. "TO« wiro"nTrf'the'JS™i'e"t''irat"l"»of
the war, the Br.tuh losing ^-.0 men killed am) bounded. Wrecked Armored Tf.ln. -The armored train illuatrationa are of the trait, that waa lent towards Udyamith
last Noveralwr lor the relief of that plajs. Within a mile of Frere the Boers had lorn up a rail in the track. After the train had been derailed, and while the Biitish were
ciS"'*'bUl*& °° tb* "w 'd' "^'' "''*' ' ** *"" planted on « new bill, tbrowuig the 3titi«:j iato conlu»ion, aft#r wblch tiwy were c«pt«red, Winston
PAUL KRVGER, PRESIDENT OF THE BOER REPVBUC.
80
least a i>ortion of the independence they had f(>uj;lit for. Furthermore,
they had shown the British, and all the nations of the earth as well,
that they could tijjht.
As a rewanl for his labors in behalf of his people, Mr. Kruj<;er was
elected to tlie Presidency of the republic in 1883, his lif(»-unibiti()n beinff
thus satisfied, but liis work had in reality just begun. Business was
paralyzed, the pu.ilic debt was enormous, and the people were jjosscssed
of a strong antipathy to paying ta.\es. Furthermore, a real independ-
ence for the republic was to be achieved.
President Kruger recognized the fact that time was n most im-
portant factor in all things. It was never a good i)hui to be in a hurry,
he knew, although his burghers were manifestly dissatisticd with the
results of the Pretoria Convention, and he felt that sooner or later there
would be an outbreak in jirotest against the half-independence, as they
termed it, graiitetl by England. He made another visit to London, this
time in 188J, and in accordance with his requests the British Ktsident
at Pretoria was removed, the- Transvaal debt was reduced and other
benefits granted, for which England asketl nothing in return. She
refuseil to give up her right of suzerainty, however, and held to her
authority to control the foreign relations of the Transvaal, as well as
maintaining her position that (she could not regard the Transvaal in
the light of a cont acting power. With England's consent President
Kruger visited several European capitals in connection with the project
of establishing railway coniniunicution with Delagoa Bay, on the Routh-
east(vm Africin coast, and before returning home obtained important
conceMsions from the Portuguese flovernment.
Oom Paul's visit to the English capital resulted in what is known
as the London Convention of 188-t, and the daini of the Boers was that
as the matter of the suzerainty of the Quwmi wan not mentioned in the
articles drawn up iit't<-f' the negotiations, the British had iib'uuloned it as
untenable, in reply the British (bivernment said that wl'.ile it was true
the question was e.'iminateu from the body of the articles of the Con-
vention of I^oimImij, it nriained in the preamble of tlie articles of the
CoQventio!! of 188L u ■ ><' ' > vlng been nio.rked '■■■t iliire still stood
In full forci'andeffec*
Ah a mailer of fa. t, t! r- cueslion of suzeraiiily was the spark that
was finally fanned int ^ 'i-: f',;mi of war In 18!>9, all the other matters
In conlroverpy being secondary as compan'd to it, but no one at that
date realizwl it. It was evident, however, that sooner or later serious
questions would arise, but the British Government thought it had made
concessions suflicient to keep the burghers in good humor for a period
of yeai-s, while the interim might develop circumstances calculatcnl to
l)re8erve peac(». President Kruger had expressd his gratitude while
in London for the generous concessions granted by England, but as the
Euglish at that time did not understand the crafty Boer as thoroughly
as afterwards, they were lulled into a sense of security not justified by
the facts.
It refpiired all of President Kruger's ingenuity and craft to steer
tli<' ship of state successfully amid the rocks and shoals that aboundeil
in its cours*', for the Boers were not entirely tractable. They resented
the drawi;ig of the line of the western boundary of the Ti-ansvaal the
British insisted upon, for they hud small respect for the rights of the
native tribes tli<> Engli.sli thought it their duty to protect, but the Volks-
raad was finally induced to accept that part of the London Convention
pioviding for this boundary. Later, when parties of Boers ventured
into the districts on the western border and established two new
republics in the region proclaimed as a British protx'ctorate, President
Kruger "annexed" one of these republics in plain vi(dation of right and
justice, (ieneral Joui>ert, realizing the mistake, resigned his office of
military commander, and the British, dispatching a force under Sir
Charles Warren to the western border, wiped out the immature repub-
lics and establislied British power there more firmly than ever. Oom
Paul did not see fit to interfere in any way, being glad to allow matters
to take their own course, for it was not advisable to come into open
conflict with England just then. Meantime, however, in consiHjuence
of the discovery of gold in the Transvaal, prosperity was returning to
the Boer republic, money was becoming plentiful, the resources of the
cotmtry were being develoijcd, anil incidentally an egg was being
hatched that was to bring forth more ills and troubles than were ever
concealed beneath the lid of Pandora's box.
In 1885 the real rush of gold-seekers into the Transvaal began and
new elements were suddenlj' thrust into the even nnd quint life of
the stai<l burghers, who previously had known nothing save the care
of their farms and herds. The little republic suddenly found itself in
the midst of an embarrassment of riches; land rose enonnously in
price; farms that on Monday were not worth paying taxes upon were
90
r.iri. Kh'CGHR. ffxTiSini-XT 01- THE BOER REPIBUC.
sdlil for foituui's on Wi'diicsday; Prosidont Krugcr sold ono of his
fiiiriis for :jr>0(»,(>(l(» tlial had prcviimsl.v "^onc l)c<i;f,'iiij; for a puiTliascr;
I lie |)ids|pctiois and advcMlurcrs from I lie outside world soon aeqniri'd
nioiv than half tlio land of tlio Transvaal and paid ninc-h'nfhs of (Ih.
taxes; there was a fever of speenlation thai eouid lint result disas-
irously; willi the inllux of outsiders also eanie the attendant evils of
vice and ninie, eities sjn'anji; up like the {jrowth of a {joard, and the
faee of t he land was transformed as if by niajjie.
In the midst of all this thiMureful Oom Paul kept his head, profited
b.v the rise in values. Ixrame a millionaire, drilled his fiiitliful liurj;hers,
alloweil the I'illanders, as the men from the outside were railed, to pay
the taxes, uatliered to^'eiher arms and munitions of war in ease a ih)s-
sihle colli iniieucv or emer;;cnc,v should present itself, houfjht hif? };nns
from (iermany and France, fortified I'retoria so that it became a verit
able (iibrallar, and read his Bible dilifjentl.v. ills mind was tilled with
appn hension, for he realized that a new source of danjjer was beiii};
opened lip, as the sturdy, a;;^'ressive, inva.liii^ and all-cou(pierint:
slraiij;er would soon be demandiuf; citizenship and representation in the
councils of the nation his money supported. Already the litlanders
outnumbered the native Dutch, but it W(uild not do to permit the man
fiom another conntry to dominate. The American as well as the
Knjrlishiiiaii w:is much in evidence, and of the two Oom Paul did not
know which one he feared the nio.st. While i!ie Itriton was essenlially
a}.'jire8sive, the Yankee was the keener, and coiild force his way by
reason of sheei' injienuity and tact where the Kujilishnuin would be
comiielled to tifiht.
It was most embarrassing', for to accord the ntlanders the ri-jhts
I hey demanded, and which mi;,dil be properly termed as theii-s in law
and justice, would be to }iive them the majority in the elecioiate. This
meant that the iiati\e-born citizens of the reiuiblic would be forced
into the backfjidund ind the direction of alTairs turned over to out-
siders. It was the <dd fi};iil of those who paiil the tuxes tin- reprosenta-
fion in the body which levied the taxes, which re|n'esentation was
refused by the noverninji powers because if the natives were oium-
ousted fniiii the control of affairs they wei! knew they wiuild never
rejiaiii it a -.'a in.
Heiu}; heart and soul a Boer, and fearful of the encrooehmonts of
the i:n{.'lisli. President Kruger, representing the ultra conservative ele-
ment, set his face strongly against the granting of privileges to the
rtllanders, who gr.w stronger day by day. In ISS.s „ ,,i„,i,., the result
of over-speculation, came upon tin Transvaal, but wl.ile its immediate
effects were disastrous the apparent misfortune was, after all, a bless-
ing. The rabid and unscrupulous siieculators were bankrupted and an
honest way of doing business succeeded their gambling schemes, the
development of the gidd fields being put upon a siniml tinancial basis.
All this ultimately redounded to the l)eiie(it of the Transnial (Govern-
ment, which n(.t only made the Titlanders pay all the exj.ens.-s of the
administration of affairs, but r<'fu.sed them voi.e in the nuinagement.
President Kruger conl.l md desert his ohilime friends, those who
eomposwl the conservative element, reiucsented mainlv by the Dop-
I>ei.s for they would liav<' r.-be I had he given the r'itlaiiders what
they demanded. They, naturally euough, wanted to keep the power
in their own hands, the result being that resirictive laws were pas.sed
by the Baad, ami approved by (torn Paul, imposing restraints ui)on
outsiders that did not exist when the rush to the gold fields first began.
Pivsident Kruger is credited with being tl riginatcu- of thi^' legTsla-
tion, and also of having hampered, by his methods of administration,
theenactnn'nt of those laws the Kaad jmssed which promised to relieve
the ntlanders of some of the burdens of which they constantly eoin-
plainetl.
The ntlanders were at a distinct disadvantage, and in a nuMsiire
at the mercy of the Transvaal (iovernmeni, for when they had invested
their money in n:ining and other property of a permaiient S(ut they
could not afT(U'd to be classed among agitators and disturbers. Althoinjh
they asked for a franchise law liberal in its provish>ns, the liaad Itlie
Transvaalnati(uiallegislature) went no further than pass an amendment
reipiiring fourteen years" prol)ation after having renoiiiice<l allegiance
to their former tJovernment, the apjtlicant for citizenship in the mean-
time '"■ing subject to service in case of war. In case of refusal to serve •
in the Boer ranks his property was liable t<» cimfiscation. At the end
of the fcuirteen years, the consent of the majority of the Boers in the
ward in which tlu- a|>plicant resided beiiig olitained. tb" latter even then
could not become a citizen until the Kxi-cutive Council and the Presi-
dent of the republic had given their consent. Before that, onlv two
years' residence was rc-fpiired.
Harassed and badgered in a thousand ways, President Kruger
«
■urinv^*-
THE Bia aUN "JOE CHAMBERLAIN."-Ia the twgiuning of tl>e South African war the Boe- a «rere better prepare.! with big guns and ammunition for Uiem than
weie lUc Uiilish. This was felt parJcaia-iy ir. -.he campaign aroun;; i,aay=mt:!. Thr B-jrrs' bi;; j:.!ii -I.'-Mii; T.".." iV.-^^:^.^', t.-. !.n wr.r.iw .••ami at .,a<.yf.:!;it.i ur.ti! tje
naval brigade from H. M. S. "Powerful" brought up one of the big naval guus to counteract the e^ect of the Boers' gun. What the naval brigade gun was in the campaign
at Udvsniith, the big naval gun "Joe Chamberlain" was in the campaign at Modder River. Tae gun wan christened "Joe Chamberlain" by the men on their way with it
to the front. The illustration shows the way the gun was transported to the front by ox teams,
H
•" y «
I «'f 5 *
fan
?|--I:S"
(fl tf) n *
^ 3 * ^ a
O dj 4J w
ofe|5|
« «j'S.2*'
o5 o —
§5,
SE
S-B
3 a
«£J3 o
■•5 ^ o
.2 g O.S «
die-"
.a
H y S w ° p
C-C S a » "
,
'.2^
PAUL KRVCER. VlUiSIDllNT OF THE BOEK REPUBLIC.
03
kept one idea in view at all timeKt— tlif abHolutc indcpi-ndcntc of lln'
Transvaal. Ah the ntlandtTH tlu'niHflves were not always In accord
Lt' gaini'd thno by playiiif; ouo failion apiiiiHt anotln-r, hut he felt lliat
8onu> day (lit" loniplaintH (if the oatsidtis, the {{mit majority of whom
were Kn}{li!*li, would bo pioHcntcd to the Cabinet in I.ondon in Huih a
forieful way that the Impd'ial (lovernment wotdd take coKnizame of
them. When Oom Paul berame I'reHidenI the revenues of tla- TraiiH-
vaal Ooverninent were about *1,000,000 yearly, and the expenditures
approximated if(!.JO,000. In 18!l!) the ii'venue had increased to !|f2(t,()(K),-
COO, the ex]iendilures on account of administration and preparations for
war, « xceedinfj f 1!M»()0,00().
In all the years intei vt-ninn between 1885 (when the rush of }j;ohl-
seekeis to the Transvaal first bef,'a«) President Kruger had' kept one
probability always before him— war with Enslaiul. Hather tlmn run
any risks, he would send to Holland for a man needed for the tJovern-
ment service. Never would he trust an Knfflishman in u position of
trust or responsibility, for he always dreaded the i)ossibility of tlie
conseciuences of a Hritisli subject (jaining a footliold anywhere.
Hy a most iufjenious system of class taxation the I'itlanders were
compelled to pay on increased i)roperty a8s«'ssments every year, al-
thoufih rei)ivsentation continuiHl to be denie<l them. President Kru<jer
was accused, time after time, of usinfj his executive influence in the way
of ffovernment eoncefsions, monop(dies and appointments for the biMiefit
of favorites, and the fact tliat he was an enormously wealthy man, his
fortune haviiif; bwn accumul'ited within fifteen years, was pointed to
1 as evidt-nce that he was not entirely disinterestetl in this distribution
(;f favors. Transactions, fimmcial and commercial, were under way at
all tinu's, and as nothing could be done that was unknown to the Arfjus-
eyed Cabim't at Pretoria the enemies of the venerable President of the
republic intimated very stnjngly that it was cheaper to do business
open-handed than in an underground way, especially as a payment for
the privilege was exacted by the aovernineut anyhow.
President Krufjcr havin}; decline<l to answer these insinuations, his
friends, in his behalf, came forward to say that he was not, in the llrst
place, the wealthy man he was cwnllted with beinp; secondly, that
what he had was merely the proceeds of the sale of farmiuu jtroperty
owned by him in those districts when* jjold was found, although at the
time the President purchased these farms he had no Idea whatever thn:
they were underlaid with the yellow metal. However this may have
be<'n, it was not denied that many ionimercial undertakings of tiie
greatest importance in the Transvaal were inaugurated by means of
(iovernment concessions, these being invariably granted to acknowl-
4Miged friends and, in several instances, intimates of the head of the
Transvaal republic, ("omphx financial, municiiial and industrial prob-
lems were not altogether within the grasp of this wonderful old man,
whose boast it always was that he had never read any boid; through
except the Uible; whos" education did not extend beyond mere reading
and writing, but whose insight into human nature was at all times
marvelous. It could not be regarded as strange, therefore, if he
was at linu'S made the victim of the duplicity of the otlicial class
in his administration, although himself entirely guiltless of intentional
wrong.
As to muidcipal affairs, the government of the city of Johannesburg
always caused the President of th(> republic the greatest anxiety and
concern, the iiiost iin]iortant (luestion to be decided being that of retain-
ing, in the hands of the nnnority I?(ier element, absolute control of
affairs. During ten years of Oom Paul's presidency this place grew from
nothing to a busy metropolis of over 100,000 people, the majority of
them outsiders, or not natives of the Transvaal, while the property-
owners were almost exclusively Europeans. It would never do, in the
mind of Mr. Ki uger, to allow the Johannesburgers to govern themselves,
and therefore while the doughty old Boer controlled things they never
di<l, for he was the court of last resort. When the municipality wa.s
created it was stipulated that the majority of the members of the
Council should be Hoers, and of course friendly to Jlr. Kruger; the
latter ap|)oiuted the mayor, who was vested with absolute veto power,
and who i)ossessed the furth«>r advantage of having the government
of the' country at his back. There were constant com]>laint8 regarding
the management of affairs from the I'itlanders, but Oom Paul was too
suspicious of them to even permit himself to be honest and just with
them in even- case where the righting of wrongs was asked; it was
plainly tn bo seen that the tinie would come when England would
take up the cause of her subjwts and demand for them "representation
with taxation." The Transvaal had become the main source of the
Kritisli Empire's gold supply, and Oom Paul was becoming appre-
hensive, and not entirely witUout cause, that England would not hesi-
A^TJ^
int.- i„ s...un. ;,s liim a f.M.linf; „« possibi,. in su.h a ri.l, counlrv, ..v.-r
wliuli she had never aban.lon.Ml lici- ,laini of suzcniintv.
With the Tiansvaa) j;nnvinK >i< h.-r all th.- lime,' iiwin}; to th.-
.st..a.lv ,l<.v,.|„|micnt of th,. -ohj-niininfr in.lnsiiy. with tli,. .l.-mamls of
llic I itlan.l.is iMToniiMfj sf.adii.v inor.. insiHiwit, with lli,. naliv,- J{,„.r
l-ciu- fria.luall.v fom.,1 int.. the backKn.iin.l as a , iviliz,.,] fa.t,,,. willi
tiic hiitriislinian lo..niin}j iij, a« the man of the lioar, the nvator of th<'
|.ros,M..it,v visil.l.. on all shies. President Krn«e,- b,.,a,ne nio.v ,.n..
"'""•';.•. than ev.T in his opi.osith.n to the -ranting of privileges to
t '<• I itlanders which wonl.l enable them to b.r.mie i.artieipants in
<li«- a.tive p.v. rnn.ent of the little republie. Ills lirst ambition, as all
Uiiew, was to s.Miire absolute independenee for his .ountrv. after whirl.
h.- wonid devote his attention to the deve meat of the VfrikamhT
iiN'al, whi.h meant the ereelion of a Sonth African IMiteh I{,.publie U,
.xteiul from th,. Transvaal t,. the Cape, taking in the Oranu.. Km. Stat,.
Nata( an,l Cape Cdoii.v, an,l als,., by i,ur,liase or ,.th,..rwiHe, <.peniu«
up the way to the o,.ean ,>n th,' south,.ast so that one or m,.re p,.rts ,onl.l
hi' obtani. .1 on that si,l.. of the .-ontinent. So lo„f; as his t,.rritorv was
iMit out fi,.m th,> sea (),.m Paul e,.ul,l not hope to };iv,. th,. Transvaal
the stan.hnf; anH.n- nations to which she was, in his ,.pini,.n, ,.ntitl,.,l
"Once an Kn};lishman always an i:nfrlishman," was . v,.r ,.ne ,.f th,'
Dutch I'.,'si,lenfs buf;b,.ars. He di,l not beli,.ve a form,.r subj,.ct ,.f th,"
gu,.,.n wouhl be a loyal citiz.-n of the republic if it ..am," t,. a ch,.ice
b,tw,.en En-land an,l the Transvaal. He ,lid m.t think it was .mssibl..
for an Kn>;lislinian to tell the truth about anything; that a nriton lia.l
rather li," than be lion,.st, even wh,'r,. it was policy t,. f,.r,.«,. ,lupli,itv
His trips t,. L,md,.n had impr,.ss,.d him with Enjrland'H Kr,.atn,.ss, but
h,.always said that wh,.n war came it w,.ul,l m.t be foufjlit ,.ut in !.,.nd,.n
«'r.:n th,. s, a; the Rritish troops w<.uld bo compelled t,. fa,e the bundi.'rs
in th,. latt,.r's own fastnesses, and struRfjle amonf; th,. ro.ks'.f a
thousaml impref^nable im.untain fr,.r^r,.H „„,! canv,.ns. Oom Paul ,1,.-
[X'n.l,.,! ,,uite as much up,.n the ,lefens,.s with which nature ha,l pr,.vi,l,.,l
the Transvaal as th,. in.i.n.v,.d ,.rdnan,.e, sm,.kel,.ss p,.wd,.r and Mauser
lilies he was s.. busily };atherinp an,l In.ar.lint; for th,. bl,),.,lv ,.m<.rKen,v
that so constantly and j.ersistently reared its head an,! filled the
burchert, with such a sj.irit of unrest.
"When th,. British make war with my burKhers," sai,l President
JM-Uger a short time bef,.re hostilities began in 1899, "they will h.so
or illli BOER REPVBLIC.
of n.mht of '.!;;;;:";"''',''■' t """'■• •"""= "-^ "'" •"• ■ ""■'"-•«
Hi. I... ransvaal is un..on,,u,.,abl,.. „■ when the m..„ a,., all k II, 1
"^;' P"t«',.t,c won,.„ will tak,. up tl„. ,i„,.s a,i,l shoot th.. inva l.r as .
»';'v.nic,.s. „nly wh..,. th,. men an,l won.,..., to«..th,.r J ih ., , i ir
<;■" "".'"Kl. to lift a «u„, „r, slauKhte,..,!; o,..; wh,.n th,. t „h j,
niin..s ,l,str,.y,.,l, will th,. IJrilish b,. th,. vi.t,..s .,„,l ...
•"•"•""•'•■.ationsof the worhl will p,.,.n.i, this" ' '"" ""•'"""
"The |.:,.Klisl. s,d,li,.r fifrhts for ;;lo,y, f„r prom,„h,„, ami foi ,.„.
ations a..,l pri... ,no..,.y, or loot; n.y b,„....,.is (|.|„ f.,r „, ,, t, , • „ . .
S.;;:;:: r ';;;;:- ;i;\-'t an i;:;:^
=::;•' '^r;;;:r''' i..."-i';r^^^.:":'Ti;r;;;:
Fill d w<»., the faith of fanati,ism in th,.ir l,.a,l,.r, th,. Uo,.rs after
he Ja.....n ,ai,l of ,H9«, ....gan vigorous preparathms f. ■ ^ :: w
M^ :'T' '•'""" •^'"""" <"''"-"l..'flain b,.,.am,. S.-cretarv of S ,. ,
ViCV" ""7" -''•"^' ••abin,.t he at on,... took „ , th,.^!;!.':
• th. .«;;«' '•".•""■•'/"•'"■ «'-i.-van,.,.s an.l ask,..l for a , li.ation
. f th, Ia«s .vganlin}; the franchise in th,. Transvaal. In , piv IT,.si-
<l.:n Kruger promis..., ,.. ....n.ply with many of the ,l,.n.an,,s of 1 .
... ™ h '"'7 .•" ''7""" •"" "••"^•"<'""-.v "rm, as it was ,.all,.,l,
Ss 11^; """"'"" ^"'V'"-""''""' ""<' •"" «>anting of full ..l.-ctora
those who paid ta.x-,.« in th,. affairs of «ov,.rnn.,.,.t; an,l, furth,.-, sai,l
ho^ Th """"'"" '^"*""" ""^■" '"•' '^•""" •"•"•'•H,;nal privi ,.ge '
Tiansvaal sh,.u ,1 be t,vat,.,l by England as an i, pe, nt stnt,., the
«onv,.„tt..n o Lon,lon ,18S4) having fail,.,l to m,.ntion the matt,.r f
aSn ",;:; '"" *" "" ^'"^ "^--"i"'.- ti.,. .-„„..«, ..f ....fna
un, n on' 7r'"'T ""■""''" '" ■'-'"'••"•"'■'♦.V. ..n,l its on.ission in the
..n^.nti,.n of Lomlon convin,,.] Mr. Krug,.r, so he wrot,. S,.,.retnrv
( hamb,.rlain, that England ha,l aban,lon,.d the .laini.
This was a ,lirect challenge t,. Ei.L'Ian,!. an-l Me.f..t.j!y C •.,,■'„'-
accept...! it at on,-e. In plain an.l unmistakable t,.rmH hetohl Pr,.si,ient'
Ivrug..r t lat England insist..d upon h..r rights as suzerain ; that the
Transvaal would not be treat..d with n.,r n.gard.-d «s an in.lependent
I
I
IVRW SOUTH WALES TROOPS BMBARKINa.-Tliis illustration is of a patriotic occasion in Woolloomooloo Bay, Sydney, Australia, hiuI represents the steam-
enthusiasm that reignecl among the people of the town. Every available space on the lock and in the vicinity of the wharf waa occupied by spectators as the steamshio
cast loose, the smalfer bov, even wading into the water up to their necks that thejr might be nearest the heroes as they departed. Theri <Jm common cheering anS
wishing ofGod-speed. The people of New South Wales were not to be outdoue either in the willingness of men to voluuteer or in the enthusiasm shown by those who
1^ i
.a5-
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-S)
^
1.0 ^1^ 1^
[125 ||.4 1 1.6
1 dOmm
^
•
^-
6
^
V
/IPPLIED^ INA^GE . Inc
^^ 1653 East Main Street
^^ ^ Rochester, NY 14609 USA
^^^^ Phone: 716/482-0300
■^='.a= Fax: 716/288-5989
O 1993. Applwd Image. Inc., All Rigdls R«m(v«1
J^
^\'
^\
A
^"^^ ^% -^^
r Jsat^
a_ . 0.0
■=5 s-~ S.s
ss-sfco
- 3 4» 1) J3 -
5||"S-
is^
nS°
III
111
m u a
o o o
'ii§
u C "
!p
J3— ■*«
jjCi
2i|||s8l|i
il2
III la
si
& il
-Sill
3 J'O .
• * m5° ^.° -i"® «
5 as III ssa
•a 2j3
o 0.3
<n u B
o o
■|is
•^:
S = «
■<3
ill si 15^1
t^*
£ a % C Z S
s . o.
illtll U
f'.lll. KKICHR, PKESinEXT 01' THE BOER KEPIHUC.
97
8tate,niu1 that \\\v Hoer n>|ml>lic must rt'tdjrnizc KnjjIuiKrH (Idiiiinatinn.
KcniniiizintJ the irilhal wlalc of uffaiiM Mr. Kiiincr look steps to
put till' lounli-.v Ml as pciffcl a stale of (lefeiise as possible, orders for
anus ami aiiiuiunilion were liiirrinl to rretoria, ami when the fli-st
shot v,as tired that marked the l»e}{iniiiii},' of the nritlsh-Hoer war the
Transvaal was readv. The at?<d Tresident to(d» the situation calmly.
On Oetober 1(1, 18it!t, his Secretary of State, hv his order, sent an
ultimatum to KnKlr.iid, declarinj,' that as the <^ieen had unlawf.illy
interfered with the internal allairs of the repuldic, and had caused an
intolerable cimdition of affairs by sendinj; lar^e bodies of troo|m to the
Transvaal, the npublic was determined to ])ut an end to the situation
at once; and theiefdivsaid tliat if the troops were not withdrawn within
a reasonable time ihe Transvaal -vould regard them as a menace and
their presence as a virtual declaration of war. .\ reply of a satisfactory
nature was asked within twenty-four liours, but as this was not jjiven
the soldiers of the republic bepui their march southward on October
11 to face the English.
<» Ml Paul, at all times a believer in larfje families, has substan-
tially exemplitied this belief, for bis wife became the mother of sixteen
children, lie married early, as Hoers always do, the first .Mr.'<. Krujjer
beinjrof Ihe Steyn family, and a relative of the President of theOraufje
Free State, and slie dyin^', he married her niece. The President's wife
always was a hausfiau, iniie and simple, for her husband would never
permit her to talk or even listen to pcditics; he beiiif; the head of the
house, she bad nothinff to do but obey him in every particul-ir. It is
a Hoer wife's duly to care for the children and Ihe house, to see that
the meals are cooked and served well, that her husband is made com-
fortable and his wants properly, faitlifully and promptly attended to.
With her liusband a millionaire, >lis. Kluxer was her own cook, and in
defeii nee to Hoer customs, never sat down at table with her lord and
master. When her husband had ^\\w\>k she waited uj)on them. She
would never have thou^rht of joining in Ihe convei-sation unless <,Mven
permission; altlioufjh the wife of the head of (he State she could not
uncover her head when in al tendance ui)on relifjious I'xerciwK of any
sort, evpn when f;rac(> was saiil at table. The Roers do not rcfjanl
wcmien too highly, although the men in matteis of morality are held
to f !u- ritfirti St accoiini, and Ooni Paul, beinji very rljjid in I he enforce-
nient of the rubnt of his household, has never failed to compel all the
women therein to obey thi- very letter of ih, lunsli and iiiicompromisinR
Ihier law ami tradition. Tin refoie the man is the all-impoiiani factor
in Ihe houKehold; his wife and daughters must wail upon liim, niiisl not
interest themselves in affairs of business or Stale, but devote I heir
entire time to the house and the reariii},' of children.
Oom Paul has never slept after live o'clock in the morn iuj,', and all
others were retiuired to be up at the siiiiie lime; jaayers were scheduled
for an hour later, and woe to the hiKpird who attempted to offer ex-
cuses, for that only made matters woi-se.
rnbeiidinf;, severe, jjiave, self-centered, harsh and intolerant, the
name of President KruKer, with the religious failli of a fanatic and the
zeal of a convert, narrow-minded and illiberal in his ideas, will live loufj
in the history of South Africa as that of one of the most remarkable
men of his time.
President Kruper had many thrilliuj; exp«'rieneps dnrinn the war,
one bein},' of a peculiarly exciting nature. In fact, he was very near
death, and escaped only by what seemed to his barfjhers to be a miracle.
Heiuf; a soldier of lonjj trainin<r, his earlier years having been devoted
entirely to the army of Ihe Transvaal, of which he was for many years
theCommandanl-Oeiieral, reliiniuishin!; that olJice when chosen lis Vice-
President of the South .\frican Republic, he nalmally conferred a;<
often as opportunity offered with the otHcers in command of the various
ilivisions of the Hoer fon-es, and on several occasions was actually pres-
ent at the front when the lifjlitiiif; was in pro;;res8.
On the 4th of .March, l!t(ll». President Kluxer paid a visit to the
n.ier fiKhHufj line on the Modder Kiver, and this was tlie scene of his
narrow escape. Tlie object of his visit was to restore conrai{e to the
bnrnhers, who were {jreatly dislieartened because of the defeats thev
had suffered, and particularly because of the snrrender of Oeneral
Cronje ;!ad his army at Paanleber};. Xo soimer had the chief executive
of the South African Hepublic arrived at tlie .Modder than the Hritish
became aware Ihat something' of more than ordinary moment was liaji-
peninn inside the Hoer lines. There was much enthusiasm anion(j the
Transvaaler.s, and it was not lonp; ere the Fiipilisli ("ommander heard
that President Oom Paul was opposite him.
As soon as possible the Hritish sent up an observation balloon that
was not lonj; in tindiU}; out the Hoer President's whereabouts on the
tiehl. The British were experts in the handlin;,' of balloons, and before
I
i!
t)
ill
m
PAUL KRVCr.R. rKllSIDEST Ol- TIIP. HOUR HIUHIil.lC.
llu' war was ciulf*! Iliis toipH whh X\w nicuuH of rtMidcriii;; Jiu' luont
iiii|iiii'laiit service Iti IMcId Marslml LdiiI Kolicrls in liis <>|ici'atioiiH.
W'lnii I'rcsiilcMl Kiiifici's |Hisiliiiii liail hccii ast'crlaiiK')! as i-aic-
fiillv as iMissililc ilif lti'i(isli ailillciv sIicIIimI the kjioI and ki'pt ii]i an
inxssant lite all aiouiid llii' <iiiarliTs of Hie IIimt lca<l<T.
Illiiriahlv I' hiiisli i\\v liccanit' so dan};croiisly aiciintlf that
ficiicral Kfwi'i \\ liisjiii ricsidcnt KiiipT to retire, whereupon the
rnsidint had four hoises hitelied to his eaiiiap- and dfove awa.v with
ail haste.
rive seeonds after lie lia<) left a shell exploded on the ver.v spot
where the i'resiilent had heen seated ir '.s eairiafje.
The ^ame missile smashed the earn.if^e In whieh folonel tiourko,
the Ifiissinn military atlarhe, was seated, ImiI Ctdonel Tionrko was not.
injured in the least, although covered with dnst and dirt thrown abont
on all sides.
.\fier an hour's hard |MistiiiK awa.v from the hattletiehl, President
Krup'r slopped his rarria;:e and stood for a few nunutes walchintj the
clouds of dust thrown up l»y the Itritish sh4'lls.
While he was thus eny:aKed, up rode a mout at full s| 1. He
111'"' ' " shot in the left side and fell from his horse as he reached the
President, liul, re^irdless of his exhaustion and wound, the s( t cried
out:
".Mr. Pi.sidenl, tieiieral l>ewet wishes you to leave this place; it
is too daup>rous."
The President inn liately turned to his driver, uttered a hoarse
word of .'oinmand. a.id off winrled the c;;rrias>4' in the direction of
Itloemfonlein.
lie had not proceeded more than one hundred yards when Itritish
shells hejian to fall thickly in the vicinity, coveiinj; an area of several
hundred sipiare yards, renderinj; it dan>;erims to remain.
Presidei.t Kruiier was, to all aiipearances, entirely undisturlied
h\ the daiifier of his situation when with Oeneral Hewet, his
natural stolidity nuikinjj; itself manifest when hi at first resisted all
entreaties to proceeil to siune safer spot. He was always what luis
h.'en {rcnerally termed a fatalist, insistiiij,' that he was under the imme-
diate prolettion of (Jod, who wcnild not permit harm to come to him
nnlesH tli»> time Imd arrived when, liiM term of UKefnlnefw being end«Ml,
<)o*l had decreetl his death.
"I willdie when the tiuu' comes," said llieajjed President (oOoncrul
Mewet, "and not before. Tliese Kiijjiish gunners do some good Nhooting,
though." he added reth'ctively, and not entirely without admiration for
the accuracy of the nuirksiuaiiship of the arliilerynien of his hated foe.
Th4' representati\e of a Paiis paper was present at the time of the
visit of tlie Moer President to the tiijhling line, and he sent a graphic
description of .he scene when (ieneral l»ewet and other oHicers crowded
aroun<l the P'csidential carriage and begged .Mr. Krnger to go. The
latter was at tirsi utterly unnutved by the pleadings, saying it was not
a good examph' to set his m<-n by (lying in the face of danger, but soon
the men themselves, who, in the fervor of their nimiticisni, liellevHl
A l>AHK HADIIIT IN A I.OOSK lUURH-PATril.
Inr KkI.IiIi (KrtiKiTl w.mcliTi! wh«l Hr.T Knx iCIiainbiT-
liilrii Kwlti^- ti-r do now.
Knmi •I'lilun -I'limi.-ii'' ihinilfril.
their President t.i he th<> actual representative of Ood upon earth, added
their siipplicaiiony. Then (» Paul ijave tl rder to have h!.. .arriage
put ill readiness.
However, it was not until tJeiieial Dewet told Presitb'nt Krnger
that everything tlepeiided upon his life that the latter consented to go.
tieiieral Oewet said t.iat if he (the Presideni) were killed, the men
would at once throw down their ariat and refuse to tight further, as
tin y reganled the chief execiuive of the Itepiiblic as the only one who
could lead them to victory, or, rather, the only one who could wcuw a
promise of victory from the .Minighty.
-,.^nut^^^?!fj^^^^\u^\-°^^t-r^:^"^^'^ ^""' *'''<•«"«»-'• broke out tlierewere many Bocn in Cape Colony and Natal v-ho aympathized with their countrv-
bSnff MoVu™T"tTv"the"nritl«li Mvli'i^ '"I ™.».LT; »H„ .t,'i '^ '^^ "" u ""^S'"!' ..""^ "J"""- . The 'iIu.li«lioti U of « caiup of Ihi who Have l«n .urprised and are
iMlng capturea >y the Britls'i cavalry. A reason why the Boers were such good fighters from the be^nn ng of the wa.- is that the Bo .vemment had anticioated the
?h'^;?I?."'"Vh'.'L"!;!"r' T7 ."'"^'.'"I^^ •*■: '*"r,r'"'-... y^^ ■■"?•..*?!« «» «'* '<" '"-K^' P™ct^. « tl.t the men we™ not only arti^^S pmHent i X uU^^^^
noliw ' '" ■'' "^ wMivided into commands, which made it pouible to get the burgher, into the Lid Jmost on a day°s
the-
rilAPTER VII.
a.
TIIK MKN WHO EXUICIIKI)
ihhfi,'.\\<mi!si:mknt
UK idiotic invasiiiii of Mncr tfiiiion liv Dr. .Iiiiiic-
son w;is I lie inns) |M'i'f<')t iitiil :il)soliilc (IcinonKliii-
tioii of tile axiom ilitii a fool fiifiiil, oi- an cntlni
KJaslIc one, Is llic vvvy worst cncinv oiH' can have,
for this ill-iinicd act coni|ilctt'lj ovcrtnrnc^l the
plans of the ritlanilcrs In the Transvaal, and li,v
liuttiii); Ihcni in the jtosition of men who were
^ , ^,r — di'tcrinincd to obtain Illegally what had been
^ '^YS^it^ l»<""ised them hv the South Afiican Ke|iublic,
the svaipathy of the ureater portion of the wtirld
was nt onee exteii'led to the burjjhers. These forei;iners, or Out land-
ers, ns thi'y were lailed, Were compelled to witness the cancellation of
the long score the.v liad against a government which had for years
hampered and harassed tli<>m, althongh at the same time acknowledg-
ing that they were the ones who had devel(i|M>d the miinng interests of
the country and enriched it to a fabuhais degree. The evolution of
the lloers from a tribal life into a feeble, disjointed state, torn by in-
teiiiecine dissensions, and menace<l by savage hordes with destriictltm,
from which they were saved only by the timely aid of the Itritish, who
sent their soldiers to drive back the blaek men to their original forest
homes, is an interesting story.
It is dillicMlt to hazard a supposition as to what would have hap-
pened to th(> Transvaal if the English had not stepped in in 1S77, and,
by annexing the «listracled state, put m-w life into it, replenished tlie
empty treasuries and made once more secure the endangered borders.
When President Hurgers stepiwd out of the Presidency, just after
the annexation, lie snid in his flmil address to tlip Volksrandj or national
legislature:
"I would rather he a iiolicenian nnder a strong government than
the President of siich a State. It Is you— you nsemlieva of the Hand and
the- Roers— who have lost the country, who have sold your tiidepend-
TIIR TKAXHVAAL AND TIIKIU
HY PKKSIhKXT KltniKit.
ence for a oupe |driiik|. Voii have ill treate.1 the iuilives, von havi'
shot them down, you have sold them into shiv.-rv, and now von have to
pay the penalty."
The principal thing, he ciuitinued, which had brought them to (heir
present position, wan that to which they would not give attention. It
was not this or tliat thing which imiiede.l their progress, but thems.dves
who stopped the way; an.l if they asked him what pi-v.-uted the people
from remaining indepemlent, he answered that the Kepuldic was itself
the obstruction, owing to the iidu-reut incapacity and w<NiknesH of the
people.
The South African Republic has been the only civilized country in
the world which to|erate<l --ralli<.r eucourag.Ml- the slav.'rv of huiuau
beings as late as .\. U. l<)im.
Preshh.ut Hurgers left the Transvaal broken-hearted, more by the
eruel and mean intrigues of his countrymen than by the act of auuexa-
th.n itself. At his <leath he left a statement in which he show.il how
t><.m Paul Kruger, at the head of tlie Dopper party, worked with th.'
Knglish faction for annexation. Tu acc(unplish his emls Kruger ns((I
every means to thwart the Hoer Republican iSovernnunt, encouraging
the burghers in tlieir refusal to jiay taxes and in every way seeking to
umlerniine Hurgers and his fcdiowers, in order that he n.ight oust the
former from the Presidency and get it himself. Ooni Paul was then
Vice-President. The unhappy Hurgers sh(.w<'d how lie fought again,-^!
the element who were working in secret for Hritish interference, an in-
terference "whicli," he writes, "got a strong support from the Hoers
themselves, and our. of their ( hief leaders, P. Kruger, who had betrayi-d
me, after jiroiuising me his and his party's support."
>\ith the return of prosperity and security .iro.se again the old in-
t(dprnnce of British rule, and then came the historic incidents, battles,
ifcaiies and ((inventions of ISSl and 1><84, by wiiicli the Transvaal be-
ennie the South African Republic, free to transact all its intornal nf-
101
102
77//; .u/;.v inio eskiched the tk.wsia.ii..
faiis iiihI oiilv iTspoiisiblc to Omit Rritaiu for iln rt'lalidUNliip wilb for-
(•i-;ii loiiiilrifs. Willi llu'Sf unnls llic new (lovcnniK'iil, of wliitli Mr.
Kiu;:tr wiis I lie ixct iilivt- IhikI, ciitcrctl upon ils canci':
"To iill iiihaliiiiiiiis, willioul cxifpliou, we promise tlio prolt-rlioii
of the law aiHl all llio privilcp's allfiulaiit llicrcoii.
••To iiilialiiiants who arc iioi linrjilicr., and <lo not wish to Imtoiik'
sn.h, w<- noiifv thai thi-v have the rlf;ht to report th.-iiiselvcs to ilu- rrsi-
•hill as Hrili^ih suhjerts. a.K.r.linjj to Arthl.- -'S of the now sellleil con-
veiilioii. Itiil he it known lo all that all oiilinar.v rijihts .if property,
tra.le anil iisa^ies will he still .'.riorileil to everyone, hnifjher or not. ^
"We repeal soleninlv that our inotio is •riiily ami reeoniiliatioii.' "
To seeure unity anil reeoiniliatioii they hefjan to .lose the .loot liy
passin}; in 1S«2 tli.^ lirsl of those measures restri.liuii the framliiw.
whi. iMiliiiaalely riiliiiinal.-.l in the law known as No. :» of \^\^\, whi.li
pra.li.allv ex.lii.le.l fr.mi .iti/.ensliip forever all aliens. I'liis was the
.opiii;: stone to Uruner's fhinese wall. Tin- rillan.lers an.l their <hil-
ilreii were ilisfraiiehise.l forever, an.l as far as lejiislatioii .•.ml. I mak.'
il siir.' th.' .oniilry was preserv.-.l l>y entail t.i the families of the vo.ir-
irekkers. The measure was .uily easrie.l liecause of the Htrenuous sup-
port ^'iv.n liy the ritsiih iii liotli within the Itaa.l ami at those privat."
mi.li'iias wlii.li .h-. i.l.'.l III.- imp.irlant liusiness of the ..mnliy.
In^lSit:? a p.-iiiion siijii.-.! hy V\Sm) ali.'iis pravinir for an .•xt.nsi.m
.,f III., fiamhise was preseiiteil to the Kaail, ami ree.ive.l liy that lio.ly
with "r.'Ml laiiulii. r. N'oihin!: .laiinl.'.!. Ilie Nalhuial rni..n fi.it up aii-
„il,..r"p..lilion~li.' roliowin- y.^ar sitrm^i! l.,\ .TMS:'. Citlamlers, llie an
swi r to whiih was Hie tinal fran.hise law above refi^rreil t.i. wlii.h shut
III., il.ior tiirhli-r than ever an.l put the k.y iiil.i the I'resi.h.nfs p.i.kel.
Tliis law wa:* .airi. d a^'aiiist the wishes .if th.' niosl ini.-lliK.'Ul n
hers of th.. Kaa.l, for It must not he f.irfjutl.'n that .luriiii: their y.^ars
.,f ajipi'al an.l p. rni..n th.. ritlamh-rs lia.l with them smh iiilellifr.'nt
men as ili.' hit.- (i.-n.Mal .l.iuliert. Smuts. K.^itz ami l...v.Mlay. who stiio.l
out to 111.- .'iKl for a mor.' pni-i.^ssiv.- le;;islalion, ami .mly >.'av.- up lli.^
strufijih' wh.-n il .aim^ I., th.' .juestion of tlir.iwiiiK in Iheir lot with thai
of ih^ir .■oiinlivmen. Wh.n this fiamhise law was .arri..! s.veral
atn.in},' the mori- inielliii'iil an.l ..nlijjhtem'.l of the Kar.il ineinheis sai.l
that il meant the loss of imlepemlem.'.
"Now," saiil one ohl Ho'-i', "'Hir <o"i'try w pme. Xolhinf; can setll"
this hut titjlilinfr ami there is only one eiul to the fight. Krnger an<l
his ll.illanders have taken our in.lepemlenee lu.ite surely than ever
Shepst.in.' did."
Kriiger ami his Hollanders- that was Ihe eas.' in a nutshell.
The f.ireifin populalion which was so .'a^jer t.i have the franchise
Ihe Moer leaih-rs guarde.l so se.lul.iusly "umiirlsed inlellij{enl
mi'ii, very much o.cupi.'.l iu an alis.n'liiufj; imiusiry, Ihe dexehipmeiil of
Ihe Kami mines. In lliis, inslea.l of lieinj; assiste.l liy Ihe (ioverninent
of the .•.mnlry. lli.y w.ic himl.r.tl liy a.lveise le;iishni.in and the ne.'.l-
I'ss appli.ati.in of imperfe. I existing; laws. The m.ist n.italile of th.'ir
!iri.vances»were Ih.' dynamite .■.incession, the railway e.mc.'ssi.in, Ihe
alius.'s .if III.' li.pi.ir law, Ihe tpiesli.in of s.h.iols, an.l the laws govern-
ing nativ.^ laliof.
Karly in the hisl.uy .if the op.'uing up .if th.' tj.ild liehls I'reshlent
Krup'r lia.l, under Ihe name .if f.isleriiifr the maimfa. luring intercHt
.if the .•.mnlry, granle.l lo a ll.illamler Ihe ex.lusiv.' right l.i inanufa.-
Iiire exphisiv.'s ami s.ll them at a prii.- imarly 'JOO per cent over that for
which they ..luld he im[iorle.l. When il was f.mml that his socallejl
fa.l.iry was m.rely a d.'p.il in whi.h Hi.' alrea.l\ manufaclure.l articl.'
was h.'ing nianipiilate.l in .ir.h'r l.i give .nlor to III.' I'resident's slate-
menl that lo.al industry was being foslere.l, the c.mcession was can-
..leil, .inly to lie r.ii.weil in even a ni.ire .dinoxhuis form, a tJoverii-
ni.'iil mip.ily. ihe ai;emy t.i whi.h was b.'sl.nve.l on the partner of
Ih.' .iwner .if III.' lirsl c.mc.'ssi.iu. This s.'..iml c.incession was strong-
Iv a.lv.i.al.'.l by Ih.' I'r.'si.lent.
This momijily cost ihe liand inims al.me tliOd.OOO (|;{,000,000) a
y.ar .iv.r ami ab.ive what il wonlil cost to iinporl th.' same .lynamite.
Til.' r.'iiorl of lb.' imiiisltial .•.unmission (ajip.iinted by the I'resideiil
liims.'lf in IS'.tS) slat.'.l; "Wh.'u wt'b.'arin luin.l thai the excess charge
.if II) shillings lo 4."i shilliutis per cas.- .I.i.'s not li.'u.'lil Ihe Slate, but
serv.'s I.I .'iirich imlivi.luals f.ir the m<.sl jiarl r.'sid.'iil in Kur.ipe, the
injnsli f su.h a lax .in Ihe staple in.luslry li.'..inies more apparent
an.l ih'inamls iinm.'.lial.' removal."
The N.'lherland railway .•.incession was a similar inon.ip<ily, also
in Ih.' han.ls .if the llollamlers, run at II xp.'iise .if the mines for the
beii.'til .if ll.illaml .apitalisls.
The third bnr.l.'U Hi.' min.'s lia.l l.i bear was the administrati.in .if
the law prohibiting Ihe sale of liiiuor to natives, which was entirely in
the hands of the President's relatives and pers.mal f.illowing. Never-
Iv tliiiii cvt-r
iiiIhIu-II.
lite friunliiKi'
iiilfllip'iit
•M>lli|llllcill of
• <iov('riiiin'iit
iiiiil (he iii't'tl-
tablf of tlicii'
illl'CSNinii, till'
lawH };t»v«'rii-
iriiiff iiilfri'ht
t to IllllUllfilr-
I (ivf'f lliat for
liis so-i-allt'-'l
clui't'd arliilc
sitlt'iii's Htatt'-
sioii was ••an-
•111, a tJovcrii-
he piirliK'i' of
II wan si roll;;'
(|.'{,0(IO,I)00) a
iiiK' tlviiaiiiii*'.
till' I'i'csitliiit
cxfi'ss cliai'^jc
tlic Slal(>, but
II l''iiro|((', tlu'
iioro ajipanMit
noiiopoly, also
' iiiiiu's for the
iiiiiistratioii of
vas entirely In
rt'injf. Nevor-
CONTINaENT OF CEYLON MOUNTED INPANTRV.— Ceylon has proved that it can turn out not only good tea, but also good men. The illustration shows the
Ceylon contingent of Mounted Infantry Voluntecra for service in South Africa, as they are marching to embark at Colombo for the front, February I, The contingent
numbers I JU, including officers, non-commissioned officers and men. The men are mostly tea-planters, and are good riders and good shots. Captain Rutherford, ot the
Dublin rusiiiers, ius the charge a: this gaiiant basd. The men had seen service before going to .ifrlea, so their gaiiun: esnduet iu tuc tieM is but the logical result uf
trainiogi Gonpled with a patriotic deaire to Mrve the motber couatry. TlWN inea have been beard from oo several occasions since reaching the front.
w R * O J
5 S -S.* js a
< p 5 ..a
llllll
Tnn MF.x WHO r.XKiciir.n Tim rh'.issr.i.ii..
108
■A
S5
(iu'lrHH, from n (ttih (ii ii ttilril of tlH> iiiiliv*>H winking in ilit> iiiiticM
wi'ic liiibiiiiiillv ili'iiiik. Awiili- rniiii ilii' Krcal Iohm i-iiliiili'<l mi tlio iniiiiM
l),v IcMMcniiiK nil iilroitlv iiiii<lc<|iiiii(' xiipiily uf Inlinr, tlii'rc wiih llic iii-
(liillcl.v iiKirc HciioiiM iiiiiHiili'iiiliiiii (if lilt' crliiic (liiccilv triHciililc l«i
tliix Mtiiti' «)f lliiiin« iiiiil (lie I'lTcrl mi tin- iiiitivc ('liiiiiulcr, wlilrli was
hiiii|ily ii|i|mllint;. Itiil (he wrmi^ went *iii to tlic mid a!< Imi^r ,|h I lie
I'l-fsiilmii'M rcliilivi-s cmiiiiiiictl In iiii'ivi' IiiIIich frmii ilic illiiil lii|iiiir
Hcllcl-!*, lu' liililHfir liillcfly o|i|M>Hin^ tile fi'llK'dy iil'fjcd liy tlu' Sdilc Scc-
rctar.v, Hialc Attmncv and Ilic liflli-r |Hir(itin of liix adininiHlralion.
I'l-cHidi-nt Ki iip-r rnrtlim- alicnalnl the HynipatliicK of llie rillandcr
|)o|Milati(iii liy inilialiii'r and tanNiiip; to W (laHHi-d in IS'.lT llic law i«nl>-
iirdiiiatinK tlic Ilifrli ((inil in l!ic VolkMiaud. TIiIh law, known an "Law-
No. 1 of 1S!)T," i-in|MiW('ri'd him lo ciuvt aKHiiraiici-H frmn ll><- jiid};<'H Unit
llic.v would rcMpcct all iisidnlioiiM of the VolkHi-aad i\n liaviiif; tin- font'
of law and dcrhiM' IlK'niKclvcH not cnliMcd (o lest lli<- validity of a law
hy il8 aKrc<-iniMil or contliit with the conHtitnlion, and the incaMiii-<>
fni-tlicr I'liipowm-i (I the I'lCMidmit in the cvt-nl of liis not licin^ satiHticd
with tho I'haractm- of tli<> rcplicH lo Kniniiiarily disniisH ilit< jod^t-M.
.IndKo Kotz<>, who luid Norvcd Knif;cr and hlx Il(dlandi'ri4 faitiifiilly
formally yt-ars, protcstcti Htroii<;ly aKaiiiHt tliix law, and in loiiKctpifnco
wnH itM Hist vi< tiiii, KnitrtT fXcrciHin;; IiIh |M)W('rH by rcinoviiifr liiin from
his (liit'f JiiHlict'shi]). Mr. .Tnstlcc AmfHhof, who had alwi niadi> a
Htaud aguiuiit the I'resideut iu tbin mutter, was likewiHe rt'iuovtil. .
STANDIXO ON TIIK VKIfY HIUNK OP WAR
Froin "Denver Tiini*."
The bone of contention between the Hritixh Kinpire and the Kmith
Afrirai. Kepnblie is represented by the Transvaal, wlii<li IVesideiit
Krii^fer has in his month and which the Kritisli lion is eagerly eyeing.
]toth are standing; at tlu- edp' of the crater of a volcano which is belch-
itljr (list the !•!■(! flHJiiea of war.
It was not louf;; ere the two were wrestlinj,' in deadly embrace upon
the battlefield,
It SfC
loiiir tjiMi'
anil ftrvM
arrived.
.lOIIN lUM. Al-S(» I'UKI'AKIOS F<H{ ridllT
IMS Hint ilif |i<'0|,|<' iif tlif Tiiinsviifil liiiil Imcii |)rf|iarin}{ fur n
f'lr !'. t\ir\\i with !•!!!<;!;!!!(!. :!!!<! liMs! !»■!■!) Ktiifntjr ;nitt!Hnitti"ii
;;nns to y:ivc Kiiplaiiii a Win liatHc "lien the <Tay of lonHirt
■^^^^■^^'i
^-^■^-3£targ:J-
106
TIIK (!I{I:AT AKI5KAN CONFIJtT.
Afiiin is a jrrcat hattU' }jr<HMi'! ft*r !"'th mini and iM'awt
MialH foii};lil tlicrc witli teeth and clawH, and now men fl^ht
Kreat iniiil(>rn fjiiiis.
Tiirat.l-
there with
LIETJTESANTQENKBAL J. D. P. FBKNCH.
MAJOR-UENKKAL T. KELLVKENNV.
Amonu the Uuders in the British South African campaign who have ina.le themselves conspicuous by valiant service
amouK uic icuucis 111 luc u _ J Oeneral J. I>. P. French is in command of the_cavalry Jivision tn
Th.' ani-
er«' with
QENERALS FRENCH AND KELLY-KENNV
areGeneral Frencli and Gvneral KellyKeiiny, "«""\^ P"'''7"»°L *'»'"?" ,™^^^^ His former war
^a.,,h iffi-a »"'l hu.wnn renown bv his briUiKUt leadership. Ik formeriy belonged to me 1 <lli tiussars, »"'• ■» "^ * » '1^" '5„.. . ,; , i„ ,i.- .iu.,...<-1im«
«,;^„ was ^Home.l .luring theNife Kxp-iilion of 1«4-.^^^^^^
SLrj E:ltre'^rit!yi:=h%rm;rf^;::V^^^^^^ Uu'^Jg'Krll-. aS'jVrfo'rS'ilXa.sed the Boer coiumai.der until he was forced to surrender.
it
1
CHAPTER VIII.
CONTENTION OF EN(iLANl) AND THE St)UrH AIMHCAN KErrOLIO
i:E<!AUDIN(i THE CONVENTIONS OF ISSl ANH l.SM.
^d^
UE Siiiiih Afiican Ht'iniblic really ' "lari'd war
oil Eiijiland bccaiisi' tlu' latter won' >t abamloii
her ilaiiii to the right of suzerainty over the
forei}.'!! alTairs of the Transvaal, but in the ulti-
niatuni submitted to the Itritish Cabinet the day
before war was declared the Hoer Oovernnieiit
also retracted one of the concessions it had pro-
fessed its willinfiuess to make — a tive instead of
a seven years' franchise. Hut tlie crux of the
. , ultimatum, of course, was the determination of
the Uepnblie to abide l<y the London Convention. This siniidy meant a
rejection of the Hritish chiim <if suzeraint\, and nothinf,' more. H is
well to remember in this connection that tlie term "suzerainty," which
appeared in the Convention of I'retoria, sijjned shortly after the conclu-
sion of the war, in ISSl, does not appear in the Convention of Loudon,
which was drawn uj) in 1S!S4.
Accordinji to tlie Hoer arpiment this oniisshin was deliberate. One
of the siffuatory i)arti(s liad objected to it as an obnoxious stipulation
and it was excluded in the new convention.
In a dispatch written just before the befjinniug of hostilities by
Dr. Leyds, the Transvaal Secretary of Slate, the latter iioiuted out lhi>r
in the Convention of ISSl exjiress reference was made to su/eralnly, as
well in the preamble as in the articles, whereas no such reference could
be found either in the preamble or in the articles of the 1W4 conven-
tion; and he therefore maintained that as, wherever i! was the intention
to jtreserve any siipiilalioii of the old Convention of tSSl it was rein-
serted in that Of 1S^'^, it was a necessary conclusion that what was
omitted was not intended to be reallirmed.
In support of this contention the Hoers invoked the testimony of
10»
the Hev. I), r. Fanre, who accompanied the Tiausvaal dek'uatiou to
lyondon as interpreter, and who wrote that "it was clearly understood
ami ajjreed by both contractiuf? parties that Her Majesty's suzerainty
should be abolished, except to the extent detined in article t of the
Convention of London, subseciuently si;;iu'd. And the Transvaal de|)U-
tation left London conii)letely satisfied with the result of their mission,
except with re};ard to the new boundary line."
On behalf of (ireat Hritaiu, Sir 1{. (i. W. Herbert, who was con-
nected with the Earl of Derby's "government, declared that Mr. Faure's
nu'Uiory was at fault, and recalled that "Lord Derby was aware that
the formal withdrawal of tin- ()n. 'n's suzerainty would be liable to be
interpreted as the surrender of the claim of (ireat Hritaiu to contnd the
foreijjn relations of the Transvaal; and accordin;jly, in bis letter to the
delejiates, dattnl November 2!t, 1S83, he informed them that a draft
treaty which they had submitted for adoption as between two e<pial con-
tractiui; powers was 'neither in form nor in substance such as Hei*
Majesty's (iovernment coultl adopt.'"
This was the view of th(> (luestion taken by Her Majesty's (iovern-
ment, and this view was maintained steadily.
"The preamble of the Convention of 18S1," wrote Secretary Cham-
berlain in the early part of ISilit, "laid dovvii the basis of the future mu-
tual relations of Her Majesty and the inhabitants of the South African
Kepnblic. To these inhabitants Her Majesty {irauted internal inde-
pendence. To lierself she reserved the position of suzerain. The ar-
ticles of the (\)nvention of 1881 deflninl alike the general character of
the infernal indeiH-iidence and of the suzerainty.
"The articles of the Convention of 1884 substituted a fresh defi-
nition for the former one. The preamble of the Conv(>ntiiui of 1881,
the basis on whidi these deflnitious rested, remained unchanged. If
no
coxriiXTiox ui-.a.uatixc the cox\iixiio\s or i8«i .ixn 1884.
thill picimihlc liiMi licfii rcpcalcil iint oiil.v uniiltl (lie icscivalion of '.ilc lo ((iiisidcp aiiv |ir<i|HiKiil iiiaili' i <(ii(iitii>ii«llv on their iiccciitancc
of tliis view."
KcfiiiidiiiiU' the frciincnt assert hms isia(h- tliat Kii},'hiii(l was li«;liliii^r
the IJoers only for the i»niiMise of "the };ratilieati f the lusts of f;Tee.l,y
lords who desired a partition anionf; themselves of the ;jold uinl dia-
monds of the Transvaal," the .Mar«|nis of Salislmr.v, I'reniier of Kn^jland,
saiil in an address at tinihlliall, in October, IS!*!):
"Now, I Ifji to assure evervone that Her Majesiy's Cabinet have
not had a fartiiin}; from the Transvaal or from any other jjold fields.
There is Yukon, about which there is no contest. If there had been
an.v chance of onr fjaininy; advantajies, these Yukon <«()ld tields should
have ,vielde<l something;.
"I iii> furtiier. Kn;riand as a whole would have had no advantage
from the possession of the pdd mines e.xcept as her (iovernnient con-
ferred the bl«'ssiny:s of j^ood administration upon those enjj;a<;ed in the
industry. All successful indnstiy bree<ls comineiVe, and all commerce
has produced it to the advantage of KuKland; and all industries and
<ommer<'e tlourisli better under her jjood •>iiverniuent than under any
other re;;inien in the world. Hut that is the limit of our interest.
"What we tiesire is e(|nal ri;;lils for all men, of all races, and secur-
ity for our fellow subjects and our empire. The hour for askiii;; l»y
what means these results can I btained is not yet conu', but tlieHe
are the objects, and the only objects we seek.
"\Ve do nut allow any other consideration to cross onr path."
su/.ei'ainly on the part of Her Majesty have been I'epeaieil, but also
the ^M'ant of internal independence lo the inhabitants of the South
.\fri<an lie|iul)lic. Her .Majesty's (ioverninent observe that Dr. i.eyils
asserts that that internal indi'peiideiice in no sense derived its real
orif^in from the preamble of the Conventiini of issi. In this, however,
he is in error. The <:rant of internal indept'mlence and the reservation
of suzerainty alike have their sole constitulion.il orijjin in that pre-
amble."
In another dispatch, dated .liily i:{, ISil'l, .Mr. t'hamberlain said:
"Her .Majesty's (iovernnient have no intention of I'oiitinuin^ to discuss
tliis (|iies|ioii Willi the (ioveriimeiil of Hie Kepiiblic, whose contention
. . . . is not, in liieir opinion, warranted eiilier by law or histoiy,
and is wholly ini!dmissible."
Finally, as the l?oers had ap|ieah'd to Lord Deiby's personal vie\\s
in support of their coiilentioii, the Secretary of Slate for thi' ('<donies
referred to a siH'ech made by the ludile Karl in the House of Lords on
>Iarch 17, ISM — that is, immediately after the conclusion of tli(> Lon-
don t'oiiveiition, in wliich the speaker said: "W'hatevtr suzerainty
meant in the < 'on vent ion of Pretoria, the condition of things wliidi it iin-
jdied still remains."
In his rejily to I'l'i'sident Krii};er's n<ite of .\ufiiist is, lS!t!», Secre-
tary Cliambi rlain said: "Her .Majesty's (iovernnient iia\-e absidiitely
repudiated the vie« of the iioliiical status taken by the Tiansvaal (lo>-
erumeut, claiming the status of a f<u'einn state, and therefore are un-
BEGINNINO THE ASCENT.
ALL TOOETHEE."
"PUT VOCB SHOULDER TO THE WHEEL." "THE END CROWNS ALL."
TAKING aUNS TO THE TOP OF COLES KOP.-This ^ries of illustrations, msde from pUotographs, Pi='»'«.";|'^"W!^^^
men who were under General French in his great campaign agaiust the Boer commander. General Cronje and which resulted ^^^^ Sirfs distant
Kimberley. The iUustraUons show the different steps iVgetting a heavy gun so far up Co es Kop that it might com™*'"' '^.^XXSchrf S^^lve^and s^
Coles Kop rises 1,400 feet above the surrounding plain, and is the highest i»ak in the vicin.ty <>' C"'"^?!, '^*'* »'^'^'le ^^ Uiem«Mve. ana siuDDormy
protested the further advance of General French's forces. But the kfiid of determination displayed m these illustrations won the day.
■6i
BRITISH WAB8HIPS AT DELAOOA BAY.
PHILOHEL-S" ANURY SHOT.
hr*n in^SS n^r^;^5?l!^ ,^I P^u 9^^ BAV.-Delagoa Bay being the natural port of entry for the Transvaal, most of the aupplles and mnnitiona of war have
been lauded there to be forwarded to the Transvaa . Uuiler treaty with Portugal the Transvaal Ck)vernment was forbidden by the British to make use of this port after
nlf 1,°." . J!f .inl • "' *",'' """* .""'"'? *"!: "l"^ were stationed at the entrance to the bay to prevent any infringement of this order. A wwtch was kept^ay and
nigut, andaiuncoming vessels were stoppe.l aii.I their manifests examine<l to see that nothing in the way of arms and ammunition came into the harbor for the Transvaal.
" ° "''"'V?""?*:',?" ^NflRV SHOT.— Our photograph shows the cruiser "Philomel" firing a shot across the bows of a Norwegian bwk to make her heave
ny notice ol this. *••■ ™fa»«i»i»» nm^A nH..*i<„_ ..t...* tt. 1. i 1 — :i — »-j_«- j.-i ■ • . • . . •. . .." « . .. ^
was allowed to proceed.
'"■ n'^'-irf'.'"^ ""'' "i""** °' ""''' "** '""'''P fi**! another shot through her mainsail which speedily brought her round. After euminattou of her - i <fetU the bark
CHAPTER IX.
JUST BEFOKE THE HU)ODSnED BEGAN.
CTUAL war came swddpnly, as a surprise even to those who
expeeted it, but who did not anticipate it so soon. Know-
ing that hostilities could uot long be delayed, and desinnis
o( gaining those advantages that would acerue
from prompt and decisive action, the Secretary of
State for the South African IJepublic, at the order
of President Kruger, sent the following ultimatum
to the British (Sovernment on the 10th of October,
1809:
"Iler Majesty's unlawful intervention in the
internal affairs of this Itepublic, in <'onflict with
the London oonventim of 1884, by the extraordinary strengthening of
lier troops in the neighborhood of the bordei-s of this Uepublic, has
• aused an intolerable condition of things to arise, to which this govern-
ment feels itself obliged, in the interest not only of this Bepublic but
also of all South Africa, to nuike an end as soon as jstssible; and this
government feels itself called upon and obliged to press earnestly, an<l
with emphasis, for an immediate termination of this state of things,
and to request Her Majesty's government to give assurances upon the
following four demands:
"First — That all points of mutual difference be regulated by friend-
ly recourse to arbitration or by whatever amicable way may be agreed
upon by this (Jovernment an<l Her Majesty's Oovernment.
"Second — TImt all tr<M)p8 on the borders of this Uepublic shall be
instantly withdrawn.
"Third — Thai all reiuforcen>eut« of troops which have arrived In
8(mth Africa since June 1, 18i)1>, shall be removed fn)m South Africa
within a reasonable time, to be agrewl upon with this Oovernment,
and with the mutual assurance and guarantee on the part of this Oov-
113
ernment that no attack ui)on or hostilities against any portion of the
jHtssessions of the British (Sovernment shall be made by this Republic
during tlie further negotiations, within a period of time to be subse-
(luently agrtvd uimiu between the (Jovernments; and this Oovernment
will, on compliance therewith, be prepared to withdraw the armnl
burghers of this Republic fr(un the borders.
"Fcmrth — That Iler Majesty's troops which are now on the high
seas shall not be landed in any part of South Africa.
"This Oovernment presses for an immediate and aflirmati' e answer
to these four questions, and earnestly requ<*sts Iler Majesty's Oovern-
ment to return an answer before or upon Wednesday, October 11, 1899,
not later than five o'clock p. m.
"It desires further to add that in the unexpected event of an answer
not satisfactory being received by it within the interval, it will with
great regret be comp<'lled to regard the action of Her Majesty's Oovern-
ment as a formal declaration of war, and will not hold itself resjMmsible
for the consecpiences thereof, and that, iu the event of any further move-
ment of .roops occurring within the above mentioned lime in a nearer
direction to our borders, this (Sovernment will be compelled to regard
that also as a formal declaration of war.
"I have the honor to be, respectfully yours, ,
«F. W. REITZ, State Secretary." I
On the night of October ICth the Secretarj' of State for the Colonies
at London sent the following reply on behalf of the British Oovernment,
it being received at Cape Town by Commissioner Milner and trans-
mitted by him to Pn'toria:
"Chamberlain to Milner, High Commissioner: Her Majesty's Oov-
ernment has receive*! with great regret the peremptory demands of the
South African Uepublic, conveyetl in your telegram of October 9. You
ill
irsT lu'FORi: TUP. lu.oonsiir.n nr.c.ix.
will Infoiiii I he (i<i niiiiciil of tilt' Sdiitli African l{cpublic in rcpl.v
tliiit llif conilitions ilciniindcil liv (lie <!iiv('rniii(*nt of ilic Sonili Africiiii
lic|Mililir arc sutii as llcr Maj('sl;t's Wovrrinncnt (Iccm it imitossibli' to
discnss."
The next (lav war was tli'daicd liv the South Afiicaii Kcpultlic, ami
llic Colony of Nati'.l was invaded fnnn tin- 'rraiisvaal early on the inoi-n-
iiij; of the llith inst. The advance was made by the Itoers in tlii't'e
ctdniniis. On the ii;:ht was a mixed colnmn of Tfansvaalers and Free
State liiii'f^hefs, with the Hollander \'oliinteer Corps, which moved
through Hotha's I'ass. In the center was the main cidiimii, under
(icneral Jonbert's jieisonal command. It crossed l.aiiifi's Neck, and
moved forward by way of liifjojjo. (»n the left a lar;;e commando «d-
vaiic<'d from Wakkerstroom, by way of Moll's Nek and Wotd's
Krivt.
The objective point of all three columns, which nnmbered abont
LTi.dOO men. was Newcastle, which was occupied on ihe id^ht of October
1 I. On the l.'ilh an advance party of l,."tOO Hoers. with artillery, pushed
s(Miih to Ini;ai;ue, anil from there to Dundee Hill, where the first battle
«as foufihl.
The lioers weie very enerfjetic on every hand and rushed ;;uiis and
ammuiMiion into Natal with all speed. For three years rresideni
Krn^er had been preparin<; for hostilities, and <liirinf{ that period the
Hoers had done eveiythin;; to incite the natives a<,'ainst the nrilisli.
On the l:!lli of October an olHcial itianifesto, siiiiied by Secretary ef
State Keiiz. was addressed to Afrikamlers throuiilKMit South Africa,
iippealiu}: to them to resist "the unjust demands of (ireal Mritain," and
accusinjr Lord Salisbury, Jlr. Chamberlain and Sir Alfred Milner of
treachery. It blamed the (^iieen for condouiii}; what it describes as
.Mr. Chamberlain's "criminal polii'v," and declared that "the clear desire
and object of (ireal liritaiii are to dei)rive the Transvaal of independ-
ence on acconnt of the frold mines of the Hand."
The manifi'sio said, also, that "(ireat Mritain has offeretl two alter-
natives—a (iv<'-year franchise or war," ami then went on to say:
"A dilTereiice between the two •Governments of two years on tin'
franchise (piesi Ion is considered by Her Majesty's (iovernment suftlcient
justitication for an endeavor to swallow the two I{e|Miblics."
In conclusion it reminded Afrikanders that "God will assuredly
defend the rifiht."
On October 4ih I'lesidenl Krnfr<>r, in a speech before Ihe IJaad, or
Hoer Parliament, said:
"Fverythinj; points to war because a spirit of falsehood has over-
taken other countries and because the people of the Transvaal wish to
^;<ivern themselve.s. .Mlhoufih thousands may come to attack us, we
have nothiufi lo fear, for Ihe Lord is Ihe linal arbiter and He will decide.
"Hullets came by thousands at the lime of the Jameson raid, but
Ihe biirjihers were untouched. (»ver a hundred were killed on Ihe other
side, sliowin;- that Ihe Lord directed our ballets. The Lord rules the
world."
Just before that ('ommandanl-Cieneral Jonbert wrote to a friend
in London:
"rreloria, Oct(d»er 1, lS!)i>.
"Dear and Mm h I'steeined Sir:
"This is to thank you heartily for your valued letter. I re};ret that
I cannot write in the Knuiish lanjiuajje, and I have none of my children
here, as all my sons have j,'one on commands to join the troops of our
land on the borders where Ihe British forces were mustered, ready to
invade our countiy.
"I'erhaps before this leller reaches you some of our burfjhers will
once mor<' perish .'it the hands of Her Majesty's aririy.
"II may be that <iod in heaven has ordained lliat we must lose our
independence, our country, our existence as a nation under Chamber-
lain and his tilibiisters. Well, if our (Sod in heaven has decreed that
it must be so, then it must be, M>r if all Kn^land comes with alt the
colonies fnini which Chamberlain wants help, they are too strong for
IIS and too ]H>werfnl.
"I have prayed luuch and many jn-ayers Imve goiio np to the tliron(»
of (iod from all over South Africa to avert this war, but I'hodes ami
his |iarasites <1emand our blood. I had always hoped that war be
iiverted, but what can we do, what is there to be done in our land?
\o franchise, no redressinj,' of the Out landers' {{''ii'vances, nothing will
avert this war. Our i»rayer.s, our {jnintinfj; of franchises have been in
vain.
"Kveii if we were to wash Chamberlain's feet that would be in vain.
The Afrikander bund has put Rhodes out of Parliamentary [Miwer, and
this is enoii,<>h — tli«> Transvaal must be suppressi'd.
"Now, as I cannot hope this letter will reach you before the liritisk
ATTACK ON SPiON KOP.— After <5?ys of Kvcre fightiug to relieve Oeneral White, cooped up in Ladysmith, Grncra! Bullcr's forces, Jaauafy 24, !900. attaokec! and
capturrd Spion Kop, a eertral hill said to have been the key to the Boer position before l^dysmith. It developed that the attack was a blunder on the part of some one.
The Boers, instead of being driven back from place to place and finally losing their strongest position, Spion Kop, as reported, seem to have led the British on step by step
until covered by Boer guns, while the British were inable to bring artillery up the steep ridges or obtain water, though they had been informed that there was plenty of
water on top of Spion Kop. The result was the British were obliged to abandon the captured position before the next day, and the army compelled to retreat across the
Tugela river, after Buffering heavy losses.
sS OS
B g.s a;
-55.:
■s o ti at"' s s
^•ga
s| lis pig
S«=3S»3'SB
5?" 3 : 1
rss
i
is **-■?§£'
''Si* « ^ " 9
*S Jiu-sov
*- Ji k- 2i 2 P So
O Js *» o g fc- « "
^ .ran &c*i ^ Js
llpllfl
[(•2,
"■Su _-S 5
;2 t a S
= .5g-gS»g
S C*8.B o O 9
a-t^ ^l^c
3sS-2S,f
sti ".5 "Sm
iS
Mi
JUST BEFORE THE HLOODSIIED BEGA^.
lit
troops utiiuk us, notliiii},' <iui l«' <li»iu', tliiTcfoi'i" I will cnil wiili best
wishes for .you anil inuy Uod lih-ss yon for all you liiivc ilonc on bclinlf
of (he South African I^■|)uhli(•.
"From your (jratt-fiil frinid, "l". •'• .HH'HKHT."
The last (lisi>al<li sent hy the Soulli African Ut-iiublir to Ht'crctnry
of Htato for the Colonics rhanilierlain, just Itefore the ultiuiatnni, lire-
HPUtcd the Hticr case as follows:
"Sir:— The (Jovcrnnicnt of the South African Kcp"'*'''" '<'•''** '""'''
oomi»'ll<Ml to ri'fcr the tiovcrunicnt of Iter Majesty the (iueen of tJrcal
Hrilain and Ireland once more to the Convention of London, 1SS4, con-
cluded between this Hepublic ami the I'nitcHl Kinjjdoiu, and which, in
article 14, secured certain specified rights to the white populathui of
this Kepublic- namely, that all persons, other than natives, on conform-
in': themselves to the laws of the South African !{epublic:
" "A. Will have full liberty, with their families, to enter, travel, or
reside in any part of the South African Republic.
"B. AVill be entitled to hire or jiossess houses, numufactories,
wnrelKUises, shojis and other ju'emises.
«<". May (arry on their ((uunierce either in person or by any afjent
or ajjt'Hlw whcuu they nuiy think tit to employ.
"D. Shall not b<' subject, in resi)ect of their premises or jtroperty
or in respect of their commerce and industry, to any taxes other than
those which ore, or may be, imposed upon the citi/.ens of the said Ke-
{uiblic.
"This (Sovernment wishes further to observe that the above are the
only rifjbts which Her Majesty's (JovernmenI have reserved in the above
conVenHon with repird to the Outlander population of this Kepublic,
and that a viidation only of those rights could fjive that Government
a rijjht to (iiploumtic repn'sentations or intervention; while, moreover,
the rejjnlulinjj of all other questions iiffectin},' the position of the rights
of the Outlander population, un.ler the above-mentioned convention, is
Imuded over to the tlovernnient and representativ<'s-of the in-ople <»f the
South African Hepublie. , . ,
"AnionR the questions the reRulntion of which falls exclusively
within the compctenci- of this Oovernment and of the Volksrnnd are
inrluded those of franchise and the representation of the people in this
republic; and, although this exclusive right of this Government and of
the Volksraiid for the reRulatiou of the franchise and the representa-
lion of the |H'o|de is indisputable, yet this (lovernment has found
(Mcasion to discuss, in friendly fashion, the franchise and representation
of the people with Her Majesty's (lovernment, without, however, recojj-
ni/Jii}; any ri^jht thereto on the part of Her Majesty's (iovernnient.
"This tiovernment has also, by the formulation of the now existin;,'
franchise law and by a res<dution with re}{ai(l to the representation,
constantly held these friendly discussions before its eyes. On the i)art
of Her Majesty's tJovernment, howt>ver, the friendly nature of these
discussions has assumed more and more a threatenintf tone, and the
minds of the isMqile of this rejtublic and the whole of South Africa have
been excited anil a londitiou of extreme tension has been created,
owin;; to the fact that Her Majesty's tiovernment could no longer afjree
to the Icfjislation respectiii}; the franchise and the resolution respect-
\\\\i representation in this republic, and finally by your note of Septem-
ber 'Z'l, lS!l!t, which broke otT all friendly corresisindence on tlu' subject
and intimated that Her Majesty's tioverninent must now proceed to
formulate their own jiroposals for the final settlement.
"This (iovernnient can only see in the above intimation from her
Majesty's Oovernment a new violation of the Convention of London,
1SH4, which does not reserve to Her Majesty's Oovernment the rifjht to
a unilateral settlement of a question which is exclusively a domestic one
fin- this (Jovernment, and which has already been rej;ulateil by this
(Jovernment.
"On account of the strained situation and the consequent serious
loss in and interruption of trade in jjeneral which the correspondence
res|MMtin}i the franchise and the representation of the pwtple of this
republic has carried in its train. Her Majesty's Oovernment has recently
|)ressed for an early settlement, and tinnlly pressed, by your interven-
tion, for an answer within forty-eif^ht liours, a demand subsequently
somewhat inodifleil, to yiuir note of September 12, replied to by the note
of this Oovernment of September 15, and to your note of September 2,'>,
18!>i>; and thereafter further friendly nefjotiations were broken off, this
Oovernment receivinj: an intimation that a proposal for a final settle-
m«'nt wonld shortly be made.
"Althouch this promise was once repeated, the proposal up to now
has not reached this Oovernment. Even while friendly correspondence
was still going on the Increase of troops on a large scale was Intro-
lis
JcsT liF.roiH'. rill'. ni.ooDsnr.i) lu'.a.i.v.
(liKi'tl liy lIiT Majfsiv's (iovcrninfiil, (lie iroops liciii}; N(aliiiiii'il i.i ilit-
iii'i;;litiiii'ljiiiMl iif llif liiirilci-s of this l{<'|iuhlir.
"Iliiviii}- r<'j.'jiril to (MciiiTciircs in iln' liisioiv of tijis K.-piililic
wliicli il is III cssiirv licrc to liili to iiiiiiil, litis |{i'|iiililir felt (ililijjcd
til t'l'^iii'il tliis iiiiliiiii'v fiirif ill till' tii>i;ililiiirliiiiiil nl' its Ixirili'is as a
liiiiat against tlic iiiili'iii'iiilfiiic of ilu- Soiitli Aftiraii Hfpiililic, since
it was awaic tif no ririiiinslaiK'cs wlitfli would justify tlic iii'cH.'ncf of
siirli a iiiililaiy I'oirc in Soiitli Afi'iia and in tin- .ici^'Miorliood of its
liolilcls.
"Ill answer to an ini|iiii'\ witli fesperl tlierelo. addressed to Mir.
Ivxeeilelicy the llij.'li < 'ominissioner, tllis (iovel'liniellt rereived, to its
^ii'eal astonisliinent, a veiled iiisinnation that fioni the siilc of Ilie |{e-
piihlie an attack was liein<r made on Her Majesty's colonies, and, at the
same time a mysterious reference to |Missiliilities, whereliy tliis (!ov-
eminent was stren;.'lli lied in ils siisjiicioii that the inilependence of
this i:e|iiililic was liein;r llireateiied."
Secretary of Slate for the Colonies, Joseph ("liainlterlaiii, speakinjr
in the Mouse of Coinmons on the iiiyht of Oitolier Kith, said, as to the
position of the ICiifilish Government:
"If we maintain inir existence as a i^reat power in South Africa we
are lioiiiid 1(1 show that we are williiif; and aide to' protect lirilisli
siilijecis wherever they have siitt'er.'d injustice and ojipression. (ireal
Itritain must remain the paraiiioiint power in South Africa. I do not
mean parainonnl in the (ieniiaii and i'ortii};iiese possessions, hiit in
the two repnldics and the Ifritish ccdonies. Kvery one on both sides cd'
the Ijoiise is dclermined to niaiiitain these ;;reat principles. The jieace
of South .\frica depends upon Oreat Uritain accepting the responsi-
bility in the Transvaal. The Itoer nlij;archy has placed Uritish siilijecIs
ill a position of inferiority; and what would have lieeii the Itritisli
position if they had siilimitted to that inferiority?
"There is oni' subject not dealt with in the Itliie Itooks," he added.
"[ mean llie disjiracefii! Itoer tri'alment of the natives, unworthy a
civilized ])ower. In IS'.x; | acliially sent a message to Sir Hercules
Hidiiiisoii for the Transvaal lespeelinf; the frealinent of natives. Then
came the .Fameson raid; and our Smith African offleiiils decided that
they could not with jiropriety iiresent the inessa;>('. The Roers, in their
own words, trekkeil, liecaiise they wanted to 'wallo]> tlie nijjjjers.' "
Di8CU!«sin<; the question of Hupromnr.v, Mr. riiamborlain said:
"The wlnde idijecl .d the Itoefs lias been to onst the (Jiieeii from her
position a suzerain. Now they have thrown olT ihe mask ami declared
themselves a so-erei^n, independent Stale. Ili'r .Majesty's (iovernmeiit
has had a siisidcioii ainoiiiiiin<i to kiiowled;;c thai Ihe inission of ..r.
Leyds is one continual series of ne;;otiatioiis with foreign powers
a<;jiinst the Krilisli.
"The Transvaal and the I'rce State have an ideal which is danjier-
oils to lircal Itrilain; and, by Ihe coiitinnoiis accretions of arms, the
Transvaal had become so far the most powerful military Stale in
Africa. That was a danger, and we have esiaped one (d liie ^'realest
daiiKei's we were ever subjected to in .\frica. The whole point of differ
elice between the Opposition and the liovernnienl is as to the deliiils
of the ne;;otiations."
At the openinj; of the Mrilish Parliament on October 17th the
<iuecn, in her speech to the House of Lords, said:
".My Lords and Oeiitlemen: Within a very brief period after Ihe
recent pidro};iition I am compi-IliKl by events deeply alTectiiiji the inter-
ests of my empire to recur lo your advice and aid.
"The state of allairs in South Africa has made it ex|M'dieiil that
"0' <><'ver eiit should be enabled lo Hlren^'lhen the military forces
of this connlry by callinj; out the Ueserve. For this purpose the pro-
visions of the law iM'iider it necessary that Parliament should be called
lo>.'etlier.
"Kxcept for the ditllcullies that have been caused by the action of
Ihe South African Uepiildic, ihe condition of the world couliniicH to
be peaceful.
"Oeiitlemen of the House of Coninions: Measares will be laid
before yon for the purpose of providin;; the expenditure which has
been op may lie caused by events in Soiilli Africa. Ksliniales for the
ensiiiii}; year will be siibmilfed to you in due course.
".My Lords and <ientleiiieti: There are many subjects of domestic
interest to wliiili your attention will be invited at a later period, when
the ordinary season for the labors of a I'arliainentary session has been
reached. For the jnesent I have invited your attendance in order to ask
yon to deal with an exceptional exigency; and I jiray that, in iwrform-
inj,' the duties which claim yonr attention, you may have the {guidance
ami blessiiij;s of Aiminhty Can}."
Lord Salisbury, tlip Premier, replying to friticisms on the Oovcrn.
I'll ficni her
iiiil iIitIiidmI
lioVCI'IIIIMMlt
SNioll llf .>l'.
i^ii iMiwcrH
li In iliin^'t'i'-
if iil'iiis, I lie
I'.v State ill
the }{reiltest
ilit ofililTel-
I lie (lettlilH
IT 17)li tlie
III after llie
1^^ tile illter-
MMlleiil that
itar.v forces
tse the pro-
Ill he lalleil
lie actiiiii llf
onliiiiieH to
rill he laiil
wliii'h liaH
lies for the
of doinestii'
I'riiid, when
III has been
•riler to nsk
ill iKTforin-
le fjnitlaneo
he flovprii'
has oceurre.1 tn-tween^h^IIHUsh a^d^thl^'JL^Tire' fiR^rf i^^^^ »" *"';''*''! .«'»' T^ ^ ~'^ '° ''»^^ ^^ *•>« ""'y diplomatic affair that
he was a B^r .get and acting in « way injurious to th^e firiUsh caX ult«J , w ^ / ^ T''" "f '■""'.'' '." ^"'Ji"" •''>' "»* «""''' undercircumstances lh,>t showed that
interrn<;ated bv Caninin P«r^vSc"M eoijiin3n"s-Tt -' n """*" S""^' .He was therefore taken into custody. The illuntrntinn i« nf !h» o<-pn« wh»n K' U"'- -as
^'■^3 ">""**' "'^^^'' President' Kru^r" he' WmpuTnotm^''theXuLh''^ufhnri,'i!i;'^ "l" ""-" I""""" °' ?»«")«*"« M^- Marks was seriously corsfd'errf.
woiUd be tbgt u repri»«l ^ i»">upuy noaaea uie Bntuh authonUe« that if Mr. Marks was executed, six British officers, ptiaoners of war at Pretoria
Jm
limn
S£
5 a .-p'-o s M
JUST BEFORE THE BLOODSUFD BEGAN.
131
§ •"Sag
M^ P<M
J 4^ 2
B.S.Hl'B
fill's
a o o V ^
Ifl
ment's policy in H.iuih Afrlin, snitl jiini ufiiT llu' ri-inl! i« of lli-r
MitjcHtv';! i<jiii'ch:
"Tlif Hon- Oovt'riiinciil wiim piciistd lo (liH|iciiHi' with any fxpliiim-
tlou on our |ni.t i-i'H|M'i'tiii)r llic caiiHCH or jiiMlitltniion of ilic war. II
liiiH (lone wliat iio provoration on our part roulii liavc juHtillotl. It
I'MM ilonc wliat tli(> HlronncMt nation lian never In ItM HlreuKtl" tlone to
any opjMinent it luiil cliallenKed. It iHwued a flellanrc mo amlaeioim tliat
I eoulil Keartely depict it williout UHinn words uiiHuiled for tliin aw-
Ncnilily, and by ho doinj; tlicy liberated tliix country from liie necen-
Hlty of exphiininj; to tiie people of Knjriand why we are at war. Hut
for thin no one could have predicted tliat we would ever be at war.
"There have been very (jrave «iueHtionH between uh; but, up to the
time of the iiltiniatnni, the uiodes we had KUKp'stiHl of settlinn them
were succewMfnl and the 8iiirit in which we were met was encouraninf;.
We lately had lio|M'd that the future had In n-serve for us a belter fate.
"Hut now all questions of possible js-ace, all questions of justifying
the attitude we h mI assumed and all i|nestionsof point iiif,' out the errors
and the jjrave opiu'ession of which the Transvaal (iovernmeni haw been
({uilty— all these ipiestions have been wiiwd away in this one ^reat
insult, which leaves us no other course than the one which has received
the assent of the whole nation and which it is our desire to carry out.
"It is a satisfactory feature of our policy durin;; these later days
that, on (|nestions involvinij; the vital interests and honor of the coiiii-
try, tluTe are no distinctions of party."
Tlie I'remier also said that he believed that a desire to fjet rid of
the word "suzerainty" and tiie reality which it expre>ise<i had been
the eontridlinj; desire— the dream — of I'resi V'ut Kriif^er's life.
"I Hnre<'," III' added, "that the word 'suzerainty' is not necessary
for Oreat Britain's present pur|M)se. Hitnateil as (Ireat Hritain is in
Houth Africa towards the TI•nns^aal and the Outlanders, she has a duty
to fulfill which has nothin}; to do with any convention or any question
of suzernin'y, This word, however, beiiifj \mX into the treaty, obtaiued
,11 artificial value and meatiini; whieli have prevented (ireat Britain
from entirely nbandonin;j it. If (ireat Britain dropjM'd it she woultl
be Intimating that she also rei)udiated and abandoned the ideas at-
tached to it.
"It was largely due to ihe character of Mr. Kniger and to the
Ideas pursued by him that we have been led step by step to the present
moment, when \v< are coni|M'lled to d(><'ide whether ^lie future of l^iutli
.Vfrica will be a growing Dutch supreiiMcy or a Haf< |M>rfertly estub-
llshed supremacy of the Knglish people."
(ieneral I'iet J. .loubert persoiuilly assuuit-'l ••<»mnui'nd of the Boer
forces of the 'fi-ansvaal and (leiieral l.iicas Mey. ^sume-l Ihi- diriM'tIo
of the forces of the Orange Free Htale. The 111, ~ of the 'wo republics
asserteil that they would put about KM (HtO niei. the field, but after-
wards said they never had more than .(MMM) at nv piic 'lae. (Ireat
JOHN BULL THOUGHT
:E would have the DOAR (BOER) DT CIIHTSTMAS.
—From "Tno Denyor Tlm««.'
Britain at first thftught * ",000 men would be sufficient to put down tlie
Boers, but by the 1st of 'ay, 1!)00, they had 22r),000 men there, by far
the largest army Englan. had ever raised. Majortieneral Sir Uedvers
Buller was the first Com nander-ln-Chief, but was later superseiled by
Field Marshal Lord Koberts.
The Boers i'!uiine<l that at no time during the war did they have
more than 70,000 men in the field at one time.
THK M(»\ LAI(iili:i> TOO SOON.
FiKiii "DciMvr Times."
np«Hof Ksabandouuifut was iciciv.Ml. -i-j. ^.m »
122
1UI> noYS FOOL TIIKIU UN( LE PAUL.
rritiii "Denver TiiiieN."
Iii'l.; I'lMil KiMpr hii.l a hani tiiii.- „f it March liXtO when ■■ I
I; '"Hi -.V.S ..f .lie Mei..hlM.,.h„.„I t....nM..<e,l i , —^^^ i '
i>t of
faet,
,a<i.v-
!! as
hull
' and
I
AUL.
!><«», when a In) ,if
'iHl.v iiiul, in fad,
Hilary bird, Lad.v-
l"!'"!!'.!. kn(!\V!l its
N'd finlititif; liiill-
III for liis life and
UtrTARY ATTACHES IN SOUTH AFRICA,
SIB ALFRED NILNER, PREMIER OP CAPE COLONY.
DDDUicn ^^ ^^.^^ MIUITAKY ATTACHES IN SOUTH AFRICA,
«^ P«^',ER..OP CAPE COLONY AND mUTARYATTACHES.-SirAIfro,lMnn,rth.Pr»M« of C.^.Oo!r„vh.-^--^^ -^ . ■
rsmpirc tinnuj; inc last few montlis. lie U xku in Ihe iliusirntion in tin, our.ionc „f .i,.'„„.".."_r.~ . . "-^F^ "■ "i""> , na.. T)rcn Ihc busiest and most anxious man in the
fighting in order to pick up bints for the benefit of their own armies liolil n uniaue liwiiinn Ti.L ,^- Vi ^ AttechM.-The foreign niihtary attaches, who go to see the
ni.j,^b. .ealing tbunaer tL sonie .U. ..lay be useU againrtS^^^^^^^^^
1
Mi
CHAPTER X.
FIRST FIGHTING OF THE WAR.
11
HE British and tlie Boera came togetlier on the
battlefield at Dundee just a week and two days
after the declaration of war, and the flglit was a
bloody one, the Englisli losing heavily in oWcers,
among them their commander. General Sir Wil-
liam Penn Symons, mortally wounded while lead-
ing a charge. The next day, October 2l8t, there
waH another sanguinary meeting at Elandslaagte,
near Ladysmith, where the Boers lost (leneral
Jan H. M. Kock, second in rank to (Jeneral
Jonbert, general-in-chief of the combined burgher forces, and General
Viljoer. In both actions the Boers were beaten.
Each side exhibited the most admirable courage, the British being
fierce in the charge and the Boers stubborn in defense, but the latter
finally gave way before the impetuosity of the English onsets and
retired, making stands now and then and inflicting considerable loss
upon their pursuers. In both actions the Boer artillery was poorly
senetl, much of their ammunition being worthless, also some shells not
bursting at all.
In these two engagements the British hs<hI their favorite weaiK)n,
the bayonet, with awful effect, while their large guns did remarkable
work. At Dundee the British loss was ten officers and 31 enlisted
men killed, and 21 ofHcers and 173 men wounded; at Elandslaagte, 5
officers and 37 men killed, and 30 officers and 175 men wounded. Gen-
eral Joubert claimed that only ten of the Boers were killed and twenty-
five wounded at Dundee. No losses were given by the Boers for
Transvaal losses exceeded their own.
The British were surprised at Dundee Hill, so rapid had been the
m
Boer movements. General Joubert occupying the latter before General
Symons, commanding the British force at (Jleucoe, know where he was.
Dundee is but three miles from Glencoe, not far south of New Castle,
near the northern Natal border. Just after daylight on (Jctober 20th
the Boers, numbering 6,000 men, opened with artillery on the English
camp. General Symons had about 4,000 men with him. The Boer aim
was not good, while the English artillerymen got the range at once.
About 7:30 a. m. the British infantry charged the hill, (Jeneral Symons
leading, and it was then he rei-eived his death-wound. The Dublin
Fusiliers were well in front, with the King's Royal Rifles out on the
right and the Leicestersliire regiment on the left, being well covered
by a brisk artillery Art? from three batteries. The men advanced swiftly
up the steep slope, the Boers firing right into their very faces and
inflicting the most severe losses of the '.ay, but the advance was not
checked.
By the time the Fusiliers and Royal Rifles got within five hundred
yards of the crest the Boer batteries had been completely silenced, the
British guns having pounded them at 2,500 yards range with crushing
effect, but the rifle fire was extremely hot and the attackers were glad
of the shelter of a long wall running parallel with the ridge.
By 11:45 a. m. the firing had almost ceased, and the British infantry
went over the wall in a twinkling and rushed toward the plateau at
the base of the top or secondary ridge. The defense by the Boers w as
most detennined, the enemy again and again pouring a long fusillade
Are into the British ranks, which was hotly returntxl. The burghers
displayed undoubteil courage and stood up to the scattering artillery
flre with the greatest determination, while on Talana Ridge, standing
clearly out on the sky line, they appenretl unbeaten and defiant.
The battle had ra^ six {ind a half hours when the Sixty-ninth
12«
J'lRSf i-lCtlTlxa OF THE WAR.
I fJ
Hi
iiud Tbirteeuth batteries wei rdei-ed to limber up and advan.e, lakint;
IM.sitiou at eloH«- nitiffe and doin-; very sharp worii, (he result bein^ that
after ei},'ht bonrs of desperate tijjhtinfj: the Koers retired fnini tlu"<res
of the hill. Just as the Royals and Dnblins jjot to the toji the mounted
infantry pot into the rear of the hur^'hers around the left tiank, and,
assisted by the Eighteenth Hussars and the mounted v(.lunteers, har-
assed the retreat of the defeated soldiers of the rei»ublic.
The {{reatest loss suffered by the Hoers in this enttasjenienl was in
artillery, twelve ^\nw beinj; abandoned by them, l)ut in return they took
many En-lisb prisoners, enough to till ten ears, including a tro<ip of
the Eighte«'nth Hussars, who were at once sent to I'retoria.
Captain Hardy, of the Hussars, who eseaiMtl, gave, some time later,
a thrilling aecouut of the eapture of the troop, in whieh he said:
"After the battle thi-ee s(|ua<lrons of the regiment, with a Maxim, a
eoniimny of the Dublin Fusiliers and a detachment of mounted in-
fantry. Colonel Mollei' commanding, kept under cover of a ridge north
of the cami» and at half-past six o'clock in the evening moved down
toward Sund Hprnit.
"On reaching the .t\w\\ the British force was shelled by the enemv,
but without casualties. Colonel Mcdier led his men around Talana Hiil'
in a southeasterly dire<ti across Vants' Hrift roa<l, captured several
Boers, and saw the Boer ambulances retiring. Then, with K(|imdi-on
B, of the Hussars, the .Maxim, and the mounte«l infantry, he crossed the
HnndiH'-Vryheid Kailway and apju-oached a strong force of the enemy,
who o|H'necl a hot firc«, wounding I.ientenant I^iclilan.
"Our cavalry retrc-ated across \i\n{t( Drift, the Boc-rs |Hessing.
Ccdonel Mcdier hcdd the ridge for some time, but on the enemv envelop
ing his right, he fell back across the Spruit. The Maxim stuck in i.
water Inde, Lieutenant Cape was wounded, three of the detachment
were killed, and the horses of Major <}ieville and Captain Pollock were
shot under them.
"The force finally reformed on a ridge to the north, which was held
for scmie time. While- I was attending Lieutenant (Yun, who had been
wounded, Ccdonel Moller's force retired into a deHle, apparc-ntlv intend
'ng to return to camp around Impatie Mountain, but it was not seen
afterward,"
(iueen Victoria, after the battle, sent the f.dlowing message from
Balmoral to the Maniuis of Laudsdowne, Secretary of State for War:
'My heart is blc-eding because of tlies,. dreadful losses again to-dav
J\e have- won a great success, but I fc-ar it was vc-ry dearly bought!
\\onl.l you try to cenvey my warmest heartfelt sympathy to the near
■•elatums of the- fallen and wounded, and my admiration of the ccn-
duct of those they have lost. "VICTOHI \ I{ I"
Oeneral Synions was capturc-d by the Boers after being shot, and
on October 2.th, Oeneral J. ert, in vesponse to an incpdry fron, (Je„.
era \\ h,|,. at Ladysmith, as to the condith.n of the Briti.di commander,
sent the following reply: '
"I must expiess my sympathy. tSem-ral Symons, unfortunately,
was badly woiin I, and died. He was buried yesterday
"I trust (he grc.at Ood will speedily bring to a close this unfortu-
nate Stat.- of afri'vs, brought about my unscrnpulous speculators and
capitalists, who went to the Transvaal to obtain w.-alth, and, in .u-der
to fiirthc-r th.-ir own interests si, tliei-s unci brought about this
shamc-fiil stale of warfare- ov.-r all H.mth Africa, in which so many
valuable lives have- bc-c-n and aii- being sacriflc-ed, as instance Oeneral
-Vni'ins and others.
"I c-xpress my sympathy to Lady Synions in the loss of her hus-
band.'
It is possible <S.-nc-r«l Joiibeit never heard that Lady Symons
lemarric-d within tlir.-e- months of her husbaml's death.
The- action at Elandslaagte developcMl many instances of superb
hc-roism on both sides. The Boer main force of 1,5(K» men, under
Oeneral Mc-yer, was |M.sted upon an extfenicdy rough and rocky range
"f bills, running at right angles to the railway, ov,-r a mile "farther
n.u-tli. This chain of hills, several hiindrc^l fe-et high above the swell-
ing iilain, had a conical hill rising from a wide dip in the range, leaviu"
two narrow ne-cks on e-ither side whe-re- the Boers had their camp.
Half way up the necks the Boc-r guns were in p'.sittem, two of them in
front of the last neck, which afTorded the best range.
Oeneral Fiencli, who had 2,000 men un>ler his command, opened
e.ii (he buighc-rs with his artillery, at «::10 a. m., just as they were at
their coffc-c-, and tlic-n sent the Manchester regiment to lead the charge.
Sc»„ii i.n.i «ar,is, with a wide sweep, the Imperial Light Horse drove the
Boe-is from the- hills, while th,- dismounted troope-rs and the Lnnc-ers
did good service. Meanwhile^ under a hot Are, ruled out in long lines,
n
b'rt'2Py^defed'dfn«"k^ni?^^ri'^lS5'^h^ I' "'' i" '°<=*^«'" j" G">«"l P«nch-» campaign which resulted in the relief of Kimberley. The Yorksl
""p'l.'i .^,°'°?" l°Pl* of considerable imnortoac. H-ar 3Hsgera»oat«a. Thr odds «:rr against fhr Vnrtshirrs and thfy wr? in dsucrf of fe
he«Sohh"en;m;fltd"b^forelhr<?e-7j^'5 "??" •."'' «^'"!'' '>'8«> "«' '""y on a ■•kopje." One Boer wa. bayo«tted on th^l^.^ of
■re icvuiiuc enemy nea oetoretBe New Zealandera' ininefnou««<au.iiI» Tha •«>■»« nf th. v._ 7A>i.f.ai>. i« thi. i_..M._» _. ~._i^j._j -< .?.
NEW ZBALANDBRS
Regitnent were bravi
•^?i;,'-'^.te"«rt of th" enemy fltd tefo~1hril 7-.',"*'^ "??« ¥^ ^ililmbr'c^ia'^the enemy on a aopje. wne ooer wa. Dayo««e<i on iBe verge of the
and.??ith.l of .uch «»P^rtt"Th7<^tr^%™ !,'chX«l^^^^ ^^ ^''""^'" '° '^'^'^ '~ ""^'''' of «c?br.very
The Yorkshire
bring
'the
n
o
i
s - !iw E a 13 "•a
I||.l5|8||
FIRST FIGHTING OF THE WAR.
120
the British infantry marched alonp the low and licnw j^i-ound toward
10landHlaa};t(>.
About 4:;iO oVlot k the Manclicster rcfjiment and tlie (Jordon Hij^li-
lauderH Hwuiijj round tlie left to piiu the hillH, but the Devonshire
regiment hehl on. The Dragoon (hiards forged ahead to the extreme
left, elearinjj tliat flauk and menacin}; the line of Hoer retreat, and
methodieally and steadily the {jallant burffhers were forced to fjive
ground. Hit by bit tiie Mancliester regiment and tiie <iordons climbed
the liill, their oflUcers being cut down by the awful tire from tlie toj).
The Hoers struggled desperately, fighting like demons. Their leaders
strove to en«'ourage them, while re-enforcements came rushing hot-fr)ot
from near by in order to check the retreat by successive rushes, the
men cheering. The dread iianorama was heightened by the red war
hue of the gun tiashes. Shells were tearing through the air like
meteors, bursting noisily and spouting flame and lead and steel, which
hissed like a hot iron dropjH'd into water. The places of explosi(m were
marked by clods of earth, with a nimbus of white smoke, and every
missile carried deatli or horrible wounds with it.
At 5:50 o'clock the Devonshire regiment, which had crept in upon
a fair position, each man getting cover beliind numerous ant hills,
whose domes were from two to three feet high, rose and ran fcn-wanl
t(» the atisault. The British guns censed their showers of shell, but
the Boers resumed firing in the growing darkness. A driving rain had
in the meantime set in, but the battle continued to rage until (!:30
o'clock in the evening, by which time the Boers were scuttling off in
numbers, many of them throwing down arms, while others were hunt(Hl,
batternl by the shrapnel and I.ee-Metford bullets of the pursuers. To-
wanl the close there was a pandemonium lasting about a quarter of an
hour, during which tlie Boers retrealwl steadily, making stands in the
hollows wherev the British pressed too closely. Tliej- lost three giins
and many priscmers, but their withdrawal was admirably effected.
The artillery obtained the credit for the Dundee and Etandslaagto
virtorles, the Boer guns being badly handled, while the British artil-
U'rymen did a.omc rcmarksh'.c work. T.j!tc!' in the campaign, however,
the burghers, having obtained their modern guns, were some sort of
a match fur the English.
Failure of Boer plans was the main cause of these two defeats.
Qeneral Sir George Stewart White, in command of the British forces
in Natal, had about 15,000 men, stretched in strongly intrenched posi-
tions from Ladysndth to (Jlencoc, his subordinates being tienenil Sir
William Penn Syiiions, exjterienced in hill fighting in India, <!eneral
Sir Archibald Hunter, who Im ' fought in Soudan campaigns, General
James Herbert Yule and tieueral John I). V. French, commanding the
(•avalry.
The Boer forces numbered fully 25,000 under ("oiiimandant-tteneral
I'iet Joubert, (Vonje, Meyer, Kock, Viljoer and ofiicr veterans, and
Joubert's jdan wa.s to hold White's force of 12,000 men at La<lysmith
by dennmstrafions of the Fre«' State burghers (ui the western side, so
as to prevent re-enforcements being sent to «ilencoe. Tlie latter was to
be isolated by cutting the railway, while a large force was to make a
converging attack on tJleiicoe. The first two items of the programme
were successfully carriwi out, but the combined operation against (ilen-
co«> failed, owing to the failure of tieneral Erasmus to co-operate with
Oeneral Meyer at Dundee.
This was explained by tli(> f<dlowing dispatch from (icneral Joubert
to President Kruger:
"Newcastle, OctolM-r 21, 1809. — (*<aiimandant Lucas Meyer has had
an engageiii(>iit at Dundee. He made a jdan of campaign with ("oni-
mnndant Erasmus by message. Erasmus, however, failed to apiiear.
"JOUBEHT."
fleneral Yule succ<HMled Oeneral Symcms in command at (llencoe,
but finding himself in danger joiiunl Oeneral White at Ladysniith, after
a brilliant strategical march. On the way the column was attacked at
Beitfontein, wliere the Boers ojiened fire at 1,200 yards, from strong
positions along the ridges, but guns shelled them out of the first ridge
and then the infanti-y advanced. Over thirty British soldiers droiijied
in the first 200 yards. Then (Jeneral White ordered an attack on tlie
rear, and the Boers retiwd.
Oeneral White's report cm this affair, dated October 25th, 1890,
said:
"In an action lasting six hours at Beitfontein Farm, the enemy
were driven from the hills commanding the roads. My object (to cover
Oeneral Yule's march) being accomplished, the column returned to
Ladysmitb.
M\
'<}"^
TUB IlKITIRII LION AND THE BOER PORrTPINE.
Prom "Indianapolis News."
(as MH^'lHs'tTr '-n' r'T'"-' three montl.s or so it look...l as tlmnRl,
u r , '■ • IxT'M.p.ne and his Inminons sn.i!,. w..,,!,) !,.,d one
. u- '"V"""''' ''']J"-''^' ♦''•" ""'"'"•"rtable predi.a.neiK in wlii.h
tlH- Imjt Kui},' nf Reasts found liiniself j.mt tlien
^^//■s>;
MORE TROOPS NEEDED FOR SOUTH AFRICA.
From "St. PanI Pioneer-Press."
<T«>l'n Riill at. the Teleplione.— "Hello. Tentral! Hello! Hell— Don't
bar . "' Wh\ T'l;;'.',' • . •;'' ;"" "'" ''•"•"'«" <»•"'"- <l<'i<k : That von. Sail
130
i4<?C
-Don't
, Siilis-
iiutlu-r
BIDDING aOOD-BVE TO BATTERY II.-TI1. .r™..f . .1 • "^^^^^^^^^^
CHAPTER XI.
■M
THE niHAHTER AT NI0I10L8«)N'H NEK AS TOI.I) HV OEXERAI,
HII{ (JEORGE HTEWART WHITE.
ROM the very nKiiiiciit tlio Roci'h ciimHcd tlu' lictr-
(IciH of (lie TraiiHviiiil ii:i<l tlic Oniiinc Five Stale
into Niitiil the imcc waH fnnt ami furious. They
seized a ^roverimieut train at llanlHinitli, took
Vrybiir};, caidiired an armored train at Kraaipaii,
Hontli of Mafelxinj,', witli two bij,' {,'miN, n <iiianlit.\-
of ammunition and fifteen men, cut all 'elejirapii
and railroad eonimunieation witli Mafekinn and
Kind)erle.v, and diHpla.ved Hueli aefivity that no
one (uuld doubt that }{riu[ war was really on in
(lead earnent. tSeneral R. S. Radenl'owell, eonnuandin}; at Maf(dvinf;,
was Hliut up there with 1,2(»() men, to which were added the abh'-botlied
citizeuH of the town. At Kimberle.y O.lonei Kekewich had about 2,r.00
men, who piye a )j;ood ace cmnt of theniHelveH in frecpient Horties and a
defense ho Htubborn that the R(M^rH could not repress their admiration.
In spite of almost constant flKhtin>;, howeyer, the losses were small on
both sides.
By Noyember 1st Ladysmith was inyesled ((unpletely, and (Jeneral
White shut up there with 12,«0(> n>en. K.'fore this was llone, howeyer,
(Jenernl White did some sharp ti},'htinf,' around the place in the en-
deayor to roll baik the Free Staters, but witliout result, lie inflicted
some severe losses on the Roers, l)Ut suffennl himself, iiarticularly at
Niehnlson's Nek, wher(> a battej-y of six anm and the better jjart of
two rof{iments of infantiy, l,10(» men, were forced to surrender after
exi)eriencin^r nuiny casualties.
(lenernl White's tirst official rejiort on the disaster was as fidlows:
I "Ladysmith, October 30, ISftO, ]():;}.-> p. m.
"I have to report a dlsHsler io the odiimn sent by me to take a
position (m a hill to niiurd the left flank of the troops. In these oiH'rn-
tions to-dny the Itt)yal Irish Fusiliers, No. 10, mountain battery, and
133
th.. Ohmceslershire reKin„.nt were surrounded in the hills, and after
l'.HinK ["'■avHy had to capitulate. Tin- casualties Imye not vet I,
ascertained.
"A man of th." Fusiliers, employed as a hospital orderly, came in
under a Han of Ivuce with a letter from the survivors of the column,
wh.. asked for assistamr to bury the dead. I tear th.'re is no doubt
of the truth of the report.
"I f..rme<l a plan, in the carryiuf; out (.f which the disaster oc
•iirred, and I am alom- responsible for the plan. There is no blame
whatever to the troops, as the position was untenable."
This was folh.wed the next day by a iikuv detailed reixirt:
^,, "I-adysmith, October .-fl, 7:.-)0 p. m.
I to..k out from Ladysmith a brijrade of m-.unte.l troops, two
bHKnde divisions Royal Artillo-ry, Natal Field Ratterv, and two
brifrades of infantry to reconnoitcr in f.uce the enemvV. main position
to the north, and if o|.porlnnity si Id <.ITer, to capture th.- hill behind
•arcpihar's Farm, which had on the previous day been lield in strength
by the enemy.
"In connecti(.n with (his advamc, a column, c(msistinK of the Tenth
Mountain Rattery, four and a half companies of the (iloucesters a' I six
companies of th.. Royal Iris:, Fusiliers, the wh.de und.M- Lieutenant
« .donel Carl.-fon, with Major A.ly.., I)..puty Assistant A.ljutanf (ien-
eral, as staff <»ffl.er, was .lispatched at 11 ]>. m., .)n the ;'flth inst t.)
mar.h by iiiv;ht up R.dl's Spruit and s.mz.> Nich.)ls.)n's Vek, or son.e
p<.siti..n near Ni.li.ds..n's Nek, thus turniuf; the en..mv's ri^dit flank.
"The main advanc' was suc<'essfu!!v carrie.l oiji, thr- objeetiv of
the atta.k b.'iiif; found eva.uat.'d, and artillery duel between our field
batteries and the enemy's fjuns of position anil Maxims is understood
to have caused heavy loss to the enemy.
i:il
/•///; nis.isii:h' .it xkiioi.soss xr.K.
f
'•UcionniiiHMiiiKr forced the cnoniy to full.v iliscli.Hc Mn iMmiiiuii,
iintl, lifter ti siioii;; coimler iiiiaek on oiii- linhi infiiiiliv Itiipole ami
tiiviihv IuhI been repulHeil, llie troops were mIowIv widiilrawii lo eaiii|i,
liirkels lieili;; left in oliser\atioii.
"l-ate in llie eM;;ap'nienl Die naval eontinKcnl, uiitlei" ('a|ilalu
l.ainlilon, of Her .Majesl.v'n xliip Powerful, came into action, and
sileiiied with extremelv accnrate tire ll nem.v'H ;;nns of |H)Milion.
"The circiimHtances which attemled the movements of Coloiiel
t'arleion's c(dnmn are not vet fnll.v known, lint fi i tlie ie|ioriM re
telved the col n a|i|iearM to have carried out the nifjlit iiiarih iiiiiiio.
lesii'd until within two mileH of Xichols<inV Nek.
•At this (Miiiit two lioiilderH rolled from the hill, and a few ritle
shots staiM|H'deil the infantry ammunition mules; the staiu|HMle spread
lo the hatterv mules, which liroke loose from their leaders and p>t away
with practically the whole ^un e<|uipiiient.
"The {{leater portion of the re};imental small arms and ammunition
reserv,' was similarly lost.
"Tile infantry battalions, however, fixeil bayonets, and acconi-
IMinied by the personmd of the battery, seized a hill on the I. ft of the
road two miles fr<ini the Nek with but little opposition. There they
remained unmolested till dawn, the time beiiij; occupied in orj,'aiiizin;,'
defense of the hill and coustrnctiu;; stone san;tars and walls as cover
from tii'f.
".\t dawn a skirmishin}; attack on our position was commenced by
the enemy, but made no way until !>:.'{l» a. m., when strong; reinforce-
ments eiiabletl them to push the attack with y;reat ener^'y,
"The fire became wry .searchinf;, and two companies of the (ilon-
cesters, in an advanced |Misition, were ordered to fall back.
"The enemy then fiii'ssed to short raiifje, the losses on our sulo
becomiiij; very numerous,
".\t .! p. ni. our ammunition wns prnctically e.xhausted. The posi-
tion was captured, and the Hurvivors of the colunm fell into the eneniy'H
hands.
"The enemy treated our wounded with j;reat humanity, (ieneral
Jonbert at once dispatcliin^j a letter t<i me oft'ering safe conduct to
doctors and ambulance t(- remove wounded.
".MtMlical offlcers and [larties to render first 'tid to the wounded
were dispali lied to the scene of acliou fmni Lailysmith last night, and
an ambulance was sent ut dawn this inoruinij.
'"''"' "' 'f '<ll<■'■•■^'x of the colnmii was due to the misfortune of
"' "'•■'• "lanipediiiH and coiisei|m'nt loss of kuiis ami small arm
anininiiition reserve.
"The prisoners are understood to have I sent bv rail to I'retoria
^'The Meciirity of i.adysmith is in no way alTected."
The Hoyal Irish I'usiliers received its imiiie about IM!(I», when the
territorial oi>rani/,alion of the (Ji iV forces was elTecied. IHlTereiii
battalions of regii ,ts were sent to colonial iHissessions controlled by
the crown and there reory:anized.
The llrsi and second battalions of the re>{inienl prior to thlN terri-
torial orpinizal onstituted the Kiuhlyseventh IfeKiment Infantry
or foot regiment. The reginiental district is th.- section about ArmaKii,
Ireland, where the re};imental depot is located.
These men and their pivde.essors foiinht in a long lin<> of famous
battles, as their regimental standards ami the ariiiv lists show. Tlwir
•• '•« '"'•••.V '•'<• I'l"""' "f ll'<- I'rime of Wales, an eagle with a wreath
of laurel, the harp and crown. I'rinc.ss Victoria's cor.met and a sphinx
supers.rilMHl Kjrypt. Ou four continents these n h,ive battled for
their sovereigns and their coiintry-froin .Montevideo to Sebastapol
ami the ICgyptian campaign of l,sxi> and IHKJ, conchnling with the bat-
tle of Telel-Kebir, until forced to surrender their Hag to the Hoers.
The battles in which the regiment claims honor because of partici-
I'l'* '"■•' -Montevideo, Talavera, Uarrosa, Tarifa, Java, Victoria, Xe-
ville, Niagara, (trtlies, Toloiise, Peninsula, Ava, Hebastapol, Knviit 'lSS2
to IHH4, and Tel-el-Kebir.
The (Moucestershire regiment is one of the oldest and inoHt hon-
orable of the military organizations of (ireat Mrilain. ll used to be
<alled "the old Tw.-nty-eighth." and Lady Hut let's picture of "The
Twenty-eighth at (^latre Hras" is as fiuiioiis as the regiment itself
The (iloncester was organize.l in ItiJM, and the list of its Ikuiois includes
Itamillies and Waterloo and Delhi. It has the iiniiiiie distincti.m of the
right of bearing the badge of the "Sphinx," both on the front and the
back of the helmet. This right was won for the regiment bv its valor
at Alexandria away back in ISOl, when it was assailed in'fi-ont and
rear, and when it formed liack to back and beat .iff th<' en y. At
(iuatre Hras t\\u\ "Waterloo its cry was "Kemember Kgyjit!" and with
that cry sounding the regiment wns ent down to four of its compar.ier;
In this engagement six oftlcers and 54 men were killed and nine
•ifflcers and 2a5 men woundwl among the Britisli, the H.H'r losses being
FOR QUBBN AND EMPIRE— The illustration ahowa the Canadian contiti|;ent marching to the docks at Quebec to embark for South Africa Cnnndn nff.r».i .«
Se-oVSr^inliu^ieTuheirght^^^^^^^
bv noon the following Monday, the 30t*h. The troops marched to the place of embarkation amid a scene of indescribable enthusiasm/ ASTire''Sardin"S"<^to«thl
big guni boomed a uHute from the citadel, the iteamer whisUed. and the NaUonal Anthem was auug by over 40,tXW people, who crowded the wh Jves wall, the terr.^
and every available spot. » - •- r i - "-"Yta, w«u», lue lerrace
***«^a^ ■,:.
■^5^ i
/^l
II
i^J^
sr^^A
'0^'^mi^-
^ I, ^
.^S*J6'>'' ' f
B0ER5 QUARCHNa THEIR HORSES.— After selecting b line of "kopjes" from hcliind which to fiRht. the Roern trnA their hnrva to the "^or tl'st they m«y have
ihem in readinen ahouid a change of position ))ecome necessary through hafrt pressure by the enemy. Tiie lilustratlon sliows a line of "kopjes" in the distance tVat It
being held by the Boers, and along which a battle is raging as evidenced by the smoke along the crest of the hills. The Boers are so expert at handling horses that during
the fight a few men guard the horses of a whole commando as shown in the drawing. If the battle goes against the Boers, these men dHve the animals up to the retiring
force. When the horses are not eipected to be needed at a moment's notice, they are kace-haltered and left to limp around and graze. Knee-haltering consists of tying a
forward leg so close to the bead that the animal cannot run.
THE DISASTER AT NICHOLSON'S NEK.
137
: ii
Ing
Ing
somewhat smaller, acconling to Opncral Joubi'rt. So figures were
given, however.
The battle at Lombard's Kop, outside Ladysmith, on October 29th,
was fought by General White with nearly 13,000 men, the Boers num-
bering about 20,000.
The theater of operations wa« semi-eircular, with a radius of two
to three miles, at the center being Ked Hill, at the western limb Lom-
bard's Kop, and at the eastern limb a series of hills. In front of the
center was a small hill on which the Boers had planted a forty-pounder
and several twelve and flfteen-j)ounder8. Disposed in front of tlieir
guns wefe the Boer forci^s. Tlie country in front was broken and hilly,
with a few trees and bushes scattered here and there.
I'ractically all the Britisli forces, artillery, about forty guns, cav-
alry and infantry, wore engaged. Our object was not to dear the hill,
but to squeeze the horns of the Boers in a half circle together, to silence
his guns and to compel him to retire.
Morning broke with clear and warm sunshine. At 5:15 o'clock the
Boers began dropping 40-pouud shot into Ladysmith. The English
cavalry was drawn up on tlie soutli side of KjmI llill. At 6 o'clock a
sputter of rifle Are was heard from the hills io tlie west, and socu tlie
British artillery, Maxims, Nordenfeldts and rifles were in full blast, the
engagement taking place all along the line.
The Boers' great force was disposed in a semi-circle, and by ~:IW
o'clock the thunder of big guns and the rattle of musketry was terrific.
The top of the hill on whl<h Boer artillery was planted was enveloped
in smoke from bursting shells, which told with terrible effect.
The fighting continucHl, witii occasitmal lulls, until nearly 2 o'clock
in the afternoon, the Boer fire, both artillery and rifle, being frequently
extinguished. At that hour the Boers nttempted ii turning movement.
They evacuated their main p<iKition and took up another of great
strength on a number of hiila, but the British were too few to attempt
to storm the Boers and gradually withdrew to Ladysmith, the Boers
not attempting to follow. The first battalion of the King's Rflyal Rifles
and the Leicesters did fine work, while the English artillerj- practice
silenced no fewer than thirteen guns.
The Boer guns were workwl not by the Boers, but by skilled for-
eign urtillerisis.
The Boer loss in this fight was 41 kllletl and 212 wounded, and that
of the British 6 officers and men killed and 240 ofiicers and men
wounded.
IF BRITAIN HAD HER NAVY ON WHEELS.
Prom "St. Paul Ploneer-Prexn."
It took England so many months to make any considerable headway
in her march northward to the Transvaal that it was suggested she
put her navy on wheels and give the big guns on her ships a chance.
i
AWFll- SIFFKIJINOS KXHrKEH T{V IMMSOXKIfS OF WAH.
Fniin "St. Paul I'ioiiccr-I'icss."
The Hiitisli prisoners of witr arc caiiipcd at the race track, Pretoria,
where tlicv pass the time as siiils them liest— fontlmli, "miimhh'v pcfj,"
et(
The lower cavtodji rcprcKoits <J<.ii<.n>) Cron.je iiiifl hin iiicii ,.ii (heir
way to St. Helena on 1 nl the Hritish warship "I'cnclopc." Thc.v were
treated well on the voyage, and at St. Helena have no complaints to
make, as they are well sheltered and have jdenly to eat.
WILL HE OVEHrOME THE TEMPTATIONS?
From "St. Paul Pioneer-Pre8H."
Distri) t Messenger Smith, of Phlhuhdjihia, departed for Pretoria,
South Africa, in April, 1!MM), to carry a mesHane from some of the school
children of the (Quaker City to I'rcsidcnt Krn|;er.
.!ii!iM Hull iK K(nfrerinff teniptatioiiH la The shape of (ipuetteN iind
yellou-covered novels in McsseiiKC'r Smith's wny iu the hope that he will
forjict to deliver the iiiC8t;aj,'t' to Ooin Paul.
138
1
I'toria,
Hclitml
'H and
le will
IIAJOB^IENEBAL N. O. LYTTLETON. MAJOR-GENERAL E. R. P. WOODOATE.
MAJOR-aBNERAL E R. P. WOOIXIATB.— General Woodgste commanded the QUi Brigade of the 5th Division of the British armv in South Afrir- „»j ^
dangerously wounded at Spion Cop He was torn in 1845 and educated at Radley and Sandhurst.^ He entered the artny ?t" °«&5 as an ensigT'^ He has seen nmch 1.1»
•erV!ce in Asia and Afnca. and wui in command of Regimental District 17 (Leicester) when in November, \m% he was called to assumecommand of the yth Brigade
K.'^wcflu.'gx;*.'?' 't.fr.v.i
JJ t-IBiaRBii '
TRANSPORT WAGONS CROSSING THE VELDT.-One of the m«t «_n»rkable tbinj. .bo«. the Bn^h e.m»^^
been
manifested in geUing.uppUe, to the variou.divUion. of the army. Unje anniea have op.r.£ \-f^'^^'^''^^'j!^,':SS^t I'^lS^ZI^^
transportationfand yet no reports have come of any aenou. lack of «'her Provision, or ammuniUon It do« not «^^ j^ ^^ ^^ _
gotten to the front. A. much ability in generalship his been manifested in k«ping the «™y sup^i^ .. m dirwtin^^^^ ?he moWng of one of Sir Redvere Buller'.
training the officers in comn^and have had rnconductfngcampaiKni in territory not •"•y.';^^'''!;^'^^^^^^ "
supply trains over the long stretch of veldt to Ladysmitli, and typically portrays the hardships connected with such an eipeoition.
CHAPTEU XII.
LORD METHUEN SMASHES THE BOEKS IN THREE BLOODY
BATTLES.
^NE battle followed another in quick sutiesHion, demou-
strutiug the eagerness of the troops of eaeh army to
Lget together and settle the problem as to which was
the better man — the EugUshman or the Boer. After
each contest they had more respect for the fighting
) qualities of each other than ever before. General
'Sir Redvers H. BuUer api>ointed to the command
i^of the British army in South Africa, took charge of
afftv^'s on November 1st, and all England had its
eyes on him. He was a fighter, who loved to hammer away at an enemy
and never failed to attack him wherever and whenever found. Unfor-
tunately for the cause of the British arms, however. General BuUer's
tactics were not what was nee<led when facing a cunning, wily foe like
the Boers, as the General soon found out. He had about 90,000 men
under him when he first began operations.
His departure from England was the <K-casi(m of a great public
demonstration, and he was received at Durban with great manifestation
of delight. In the minds of many the war was as good as over, but they
soon discovered that Sir Redvers ha<l to cope with a foemau worthy of
his steel. They wore no gaudy trappings or decorations, but they knew
how to shoot and were comnmnded by men who excelled in strategy.
Two forwanl movements were imperative. Ladysmith, with its
garrison of 12,000 troops and |5,000,000 worth of stores, was completely
invested and the cordon was growing tighter and stronger every day.
Sir George White had made a gallant defense, but unless he were given
relief there could be but one eud to the siege — the surrender of Lady-
smith to Oenera? .Tonbfrt. Ohvi.-.v.sly LadysTiiith TS5«st he rcH<>v<'d. ThiH
would require a strong column, aa the Boers were in force as far south
as the Orange River.
141
Again Kimberley must be succored, for the Boers were pressing It
closely. The garrison under Colonel Kekewich was in daily conHict
with the besieging Boers, and asid" from its priceless treasure in dia-
monds it was reported that 125,000,000 in gold was stored there. Be-
sides, Cecil Hhodcii, the dominating figure in British South Africa, was
there, whose capture would gratify the besiegers more tl:an the taking
of the town. The Boers had set a price of |2,000,000 on his head, which
showed how much they thought of him.
The relief of Kinibeiiey would be followed by the relief of .Mufe-
king, where Baden-Powell was holding out with very little to eat, but
making the best of a bad situation.
General Buller at once divided his force into thr«'e columns. One,
under General Lord Methuen, a gallant but somewhat erratic soldier,
was sent to the relief of Kimberley; another under General Sir W. F.
(Jatacre constituted the center of the advance, ultimately going to the
reinforcement of Methuen; the third and largest, under General Cor-
nelius Francis Clery, was intended for the relief of Ladysmith, and
(Jeneral Buller went with it himself. Within a short time each column
had been terribly wliipiK-d, and the blood of the nuist heroic of Britain'.i
sons flowed almost as freely as the waters of the mudily Modder or
turgid Tugela. The Boer invasion of the eastern part of Northern Cape
Colony began in earnest on November 6th, when a commando was
nu)ving in the neighborhood of Aliwal North, De Aar and Coles-
burg.
A skirmish occurred on the 10th near Belmont, eighteen miles
north of the Orange River, a station on the Kimberley line, in which
Lieutenant Colonel Keith-F.ilcnnor was killed. Bolmnnt is fifty milPR
south of Kimberley as the crow flies and eighty-six miles north of De
.\ar by tL ■ same measurement, showing that a strong force of Boers
w
lilt- i»in-r l^l^^ ^\fi!s jilM
liOl'lI JlcllniCII S linicial mmi m iin- cil^il^icrtlCIII III' SJIKI, IllKlcr (liltc Ol
the l':i.l:
"Alliiikcd ilic ciiciiiv iit iliivliicnk lliis rniiiM. ||,. ^iis in a
strmiji- pi'siliiiri. Tlircc iiilj;cs wci-f ranicil in sn.ccssii.ii, the last altac k
bfiii^- |nislit'(l iiv siii'a|incl.
"Iiifautrv bcliavcil sijlcnilidlv ami rcicivcd sii]i|miii from (lie naval
hrifjailc ami ailillcrv.
'•Tilt' cnciiiv fdiifilit Willi ((Milage ami skill. Mail I allaikcil lalrr
I sIkmiIiI liavc liail far licavicr loss.
"Oni- victoiT was complctt'. Have taken foil.v prisomis. Am bni'.v-
int; a piod nninlicr of tlic Itocfs, Imt tlii' niiaicr pail of tin- oncniv's
killiMl ami wounded were removed liy llieir eoiiiiades. Have eaptiired a
lar^ie iminher of horses and eows and desiroyed a laijre (|iianlilv of
amnninitlon.
"Urijfadier <ienenil Fetlierstonliaiif:li was severely wounded in the
shoulder, and I.ieiitenant Colonel Cralilie, of the (ireiiadier Guards, is
reported wounded."
The Hoers, about -1,(1(10 stroiifr, shielded li.v bonlder.s, held the crests
of foiirrocky lillls with dauntless eoura.uc The men of the Kiiiji's Own,
Yorkshire lAjiht Infantry, First Xiu-tliiiiii!.erland Fusiliers, the North-
aniptonshires and a battalion each of the Seoteli (Jnards, (irenadiers
and Coldsl reams, threw themselves like w many erushiii}; billows
airainst the hills, poured up the sbipes nnd finally (lowed over them.
i.l/./V//7;6 Tl/IS UOHKi,.
Splendid assistance was fjiven by tlie nnvnl brigade nnd ihc flpld
artillery althoufrh the infantry occupi, ,.,ny of the best positioUH
before their jfiins could be broui;lit into play.
The Hoers were put to lli};ht an.l th.-ii" fortified Inajjer destfoyed,
but only after three honrs of in.-essant rifle fire, by wliich the rocky field
"f e, i.t was pelted as if by hail.
Ti.e Ninth Lanc.rs pursued with Kirat vi^r,,,., but the Koers, beinc
w.ll monnteil and familiar with the hilLs, melted before them I»os
Mbly, tl.ouj;!., the vbt.iry w.ml.l have been nioiv decisive had the Hritish
had more cavalry, which was their jireat need.
The tiKht centered round a jdace called Kallirskop, about twelve
""''VT' "^ "'■" "• ♦•"^'"""'"■'■"<> »» tl'«'.v wr,., the Hoers when
allaeked, wlii.h was in th.' nature <.f a siirpris.- under cover of si -
' arkness, held their uTonml with -ivat tena.ily, but couhl not staud
the l)ayonet.
, „ ''"."■"' f '• " «"^'' '"'* ^' I>« li<'l.- rest, for he left Uelniont the
f.dlowin- dav. ami on th<. iV.th found the Ho,.rK at Fnslin, oftener ealliMi
<.ras I'au. ||e at ..me attacke.1 with the Naval Urip.de, the Ninth
Urijiade, the <avalry and two batteries <if artillerv.
Th.. Hoers occupi.Ml a hor.seshoe-sha|M..I p..sitioii u|H.n th.. kopjes
wlM.h eiiciirled th.> hills. The ti};ht affaiu op,.„ed in the earlv morniiiK
l..;l on tins occasion lli,> Hrilish gnus were bn.uffht into plav before tin'
infantry advanced. The shell tire was continuous and terrific
The Uoer position, a stron- one i , the kopj,.s, was shelled to
such an .xtent that the Koer tiiv slackened and died away, and not ..
mail was to be seen on the line of hills in front.
Then it was that Lord Methueu gave the order for the force to
advance and occupy the kopje which formeil the center of the positiou
and the stronghold of the Hoer defense.
This was the jrreat feature of the day.
The men advance.l to the <har}re with a brilliancy that could not
be surpassi-d, th.. naval men leadiii}; the way. When tiiev starte.l th.'iv
was n.> sijrn ..f an .■iminy. When the naval men wer.. 2t)0 or m) yards
from th.- Uoer line tli.-y w.'ir met by one blaze of fire from the k.)t.je
so niiirdei-ous and well sustained that n.> tnM.ps c.nild live before it'
I'alliiiK ba.k f..r a few ..-.-inents f<.r ...yer the .dinrffe was Ofrain sounded'
an.l, rushiufr from \M,Uit to point, takiufr all the shelter the Kfouml
alTorded, the men reacliwl (h,- foot of the kopje. They halted for an
of Ki JK*"«^rfo?Md™'^„r/°"^^^^^^ a\" rii"'o/i:;!.u'l'„";;^,? %tr'^lr ""«""^ '^•V" •>'' ■"'-"« f™™ orange River to the „lief
pre««d forward in the face of a perfect haiUtorm Sf^sUot and shell"S whft r^V ri^y bc^eraed one onh'^",SZ"r'i''t "if ^?""'/i«"<= cheerinfthe Brit sh infl^try
Guards ruBhed Jnto action with their band playing, and succeeded in clearing the lerondlinr^fknni^ w °.i ^e»P«"'e attacks of the war. FrSm the left tht S
pushed forward throuBh a firtsswem »nne of M.,f.»,. ».,ii= .-.I'l '..■.*. _5-_ _**?'?.'*, "°? 9' kopjes, but with frightful loss of 1 fe: whilr nn ti,» ^„iwu- ^_™_'^°"'
buard. rushed into action with fceir teSd pTayi^gTVnd suTc^ed in c^arirt^he i^^^^ '^.!,""?X 5!«P*'at^attacks of the ;,ar. "FrS,; th^ le thJS
pushed forward through a fire^wep. .one St Mau*«r balls and death car^^„re"~?hin^Lfire^°E itilThe r"i^^^ ".?« ofWev-hi'e on the right the r*n%^°S
"" " '"' '■" ^- •■ ^^}^ «lreal_witU heavy, loi. /rhe -Jntire^poJuron wrtakeT ^nd a^uJ^r% 't'l°? P^l'i'".".*/."- P"»'^'""- T°"""'y ?«™
wsy Bi the pomt or the Myonct, ana Ml back iu retreat with heavy loss. The 'Entire Wiironwartaken' «,id'«'i'.™'fjr' rV""'« position after position, eventually ga™
camp equipment, and many prisoners were captured. The Britlsh'loss iu killed anrw§SnnwT2!?0 "the exact S^r 1^ Is'SuLCn, ""' '"8" '^""^ "^ ammu^igo™
I
LORD Mirnirnx s.u.isiins run boers.
Instant only, and with a wild ypll went up llie hill, burninff to reveuKc
theniHelveH for tlu- Uxm of offlcci-H and coiiiradcH. The J{,„.|s conld not
stand it, and Hcd. The few that held their ffround were killed.
The fl^ht was Honiewhat of a revolation. How the Itoers lav low
under their defenKeH without nuikinf; any v.\^n during the terrifle "shell-
ing of the Uritish artillery waH a feat scariely expected of them. On
the other hand, the eoolnewH of the Hritinh under tire, the determined
work of the HailorH and marines, and the persisteney with which all
anus climbed the hill was remarkable.
The Hritish loss was 1!>8 killetl and wounded, while tlie Hoer caK-
unities were about 275.
With rare detennination Lord Methuvn pushed on and reached
the M<idder Hiver on the 27th inst., where he found (Jeneral Crouje
strongly entrenchetl with nearly 11,000 men.
Early the next morning the attack began, the tight lusting ten
hours and proving the liardest and bloodiest of the trio. The Hritish
were both hungry and thii-sty, the sun was a blazing ball of fire and (he
Boers had every advantage, their posi.lon on the north bank of the
river being practically impregnable as the English could n<.t cross the
stream in any numbers owing to the destruction of the bridge.
As there was no opixirtunity for outflanking the Boers' position
owing to the high river the British made a frontal attack and forc«>d the
burghers +o quit their position by the sup«'riority of their artillery and
rifle Are, the retirement being accelerated by the "fact that Oenernl Pole-
Carew, late in the engagement, succeeded in getting across the river
with a force.
No pursuit was possible as Methuen's men were simply ready to
drop, and the Boers saved all their guns.
Oen. Lord Methuen's dispatch to the Queen after the battle was a
most remarkable production, and tendwl, more than anything else, to
revive the stories that he was not entirely responsible fiir what he did
and said. It was as follows:
"Her Majesty, (he Queen, Windsor Castle:
"Tlie battle was the bloodiest of the century. The British shellwl
the enemy out of the trenches and then chargw!. The nwilt w.ts
terrible.
"METHUEN."
145
His official n-port, which was ver>- short, was clear-cut and graphic
'" 7'"\'/. ♦" •' '•"' """•"'• "• ''"P*- Town, who forwarded it to the
London War Office, lie sahl:
"Modder Uiver, Tuesday, Xovember 23, 189!).
Re<onnoi(,.r<Ml at T, a. m. en.'my's position ou Kiver Mod.ler and
found (hen. strongly in(r,.mhed ami concealed. No means of onlflank-
n.g, (he river being full. A.dou nneuc,.l wi(h ardllerv, mounC.l
infantry and cavalry, at 5:;{0.
"(iuard on right, Xiudi Brigade ou left, attacked posKiou in widely
extended fonnatn.n at .!:.-«) au.l, supporte.l by (he ardllerv, our force
f..uud .(self ,u f,.o,.( of (he whole B.n-r for..., 8,(M)0 strong, wid. two large
gnus, four Krupps, etc. *^
"Tin- naval brigade rendered great assistance fro... the railway
"After desiH^rate l.a.-d ttghdi.g, which las(..d (en hours, our u.en.
miilhrn "'"^'''" '"" ^""''' ""*' '" *'"' *""'"'"*'' **""' """''' *'"* •'"''"'y •>"'' •''^
"Oen.>ral Poh-Caivw was s.iccessful in ge(ting a small party across
(lie river, gallandy assis(ed by ,'{00 sapjM'rs.
"f siM-ak i.. (<.rms of high prais*. of (he cond.ic( of all who were
engaged in one of (he har.l<.s( ami n.os( (rying flgl,(s in (he annals of
tl... British «,-,..y. If I can mendon one arm |.ar(i.ularlv, it is two bat-
teries of artillery."
folonel Albrecht, who directed the artillerv work of the Boers in
opposing Lord Mefhuen, was originally an offl.er In the Austrian nr„,v.
lie en(ered llu> Free State army and s(.on bro.ipht its artillery to a high
state of efficiency, being known as an able artillerist and 8tra(egis(.
It was throughout an infantry battle, in which every division was
engaged. With all their disadvantages in point of ground and inter-
vening river, the British troops, nevertheless, drove the force of 10 000
or 11,000 Boers off the field. '
The British attacking force consisted of the second battalion of the
Toldstream (Guards, the first battalion of the Scots Ouards, the thinl
battalion of the Orenadier Ouards, the first battalion of the Northumber-
land Fusiliers, the second battalion of the Yorkshire Light Infantry (the
King's Own), a part of the First Regiment, the Ninth Lancers the
mounted battalion of the Koyal North Lancashire Infantry, three bat-
Ui\
LORD MRTiirnx sM.\snr.s r/ii:
liiii.l lliKlilaiiilcrM (I'liiMM'ss Lniiisi.V)
; ■ "";■.'' J'"' "' ' •■"•• ""• 'i«'n. TlH. h,m|.. ,„,,,,. ,,v ,1,.. ItH, J,
'I M.ix.i,.> an.l llM. „n|l..|y ,li.,.| iMst.,! son,,. |„.ms. TImt,. w.k •,
•"■^"'"•/'"•' ""■" •«'•!" •■■Minv ..lv.„..,..l .....ss p,.i , ,™
1 . ' I ■ '" ".Mih. Ilii'\ hlKl III) cover xviilli'vcr iiiil ii'..i...
, MK ll„. |„i,N,. I..||„ws ,|M| uut .-..liv,,! ,„, in.h. Th,. I!,„.|- (iiv WIS
I lilisli li,„Mv;is,.|ifiljHl...l. ' "-'"'"'"'
' ," ""? ''■"' " '"' ''""■" '" '■^••'i|'<' <lM adiv fusillml,. wliirli |.,si..,
"iilioiit ii,r(.iii,iNsi..ii thnm-lioiii tl „v.
The lli-ililamlci-s niiiilc scvcpiil jiii..ini.i^ i,, r ,
,.;,. . 1 . , M'IM|MN III III -Ci. ;| IIJISSII"-!' Ill llii.
:;:;'-..:;:iv:«::i:;:;:i;:"':;:,:;-,;;;*;:: « --'■-
..::;;:ti;r;:"::::,:;;:i;;;::::,-;::;;::',::;;;;.- »-
-I.. '.'.!'''n;:''K;:"i:™,v.': "';"■-",'"" ■• ""'■"' '■ •'■'« "■"■■■"■■■i »».i
..„„,.„; ',„. "■'" -• '"'■■'■■ »" "■■•.'■ »■.■.-.■ i....i.-,„,i I,
':''"^".'!;:::"s::;;;;::;;r :'•;:;;■:;: -:;-'", "-.-
lilll™ „ 1^4 , M, , ' ,T ; ;""'; 1-I.»..a|-M..„„M
■" " •'^«'''':^-'!::z,":z:t:";::'^rri "■:
hiinsHf f„ .l.-vvlopinir tl.o <.m,.i,.nrv ..f ii. " '""■''
t"" n.,,.s. n..s..|.v..:i n.M;.n ,:•.:;;.;::;:'; 'i;'-;-^ '"•; ^'•'" •
«uual frieud of tL. Ei.ijK.ror Wi'uian, ' '""""' ""'" '"■'"■
nor.Rs:
TAKK Y(MI{ <llOH|.rF()|{ VOIR MOXEY.
Prom "nciivcr TiiiicN."
p.'.Ti^,!il"':;^:L:;s^ m::!':::;;;1"::!;..;1:::" ;':r'^ ^r" ^^"" ^" --• -^
wasm.i..ber,Klo;.,,nai,| w, "^^^^^^^ J "'" 'i "'"''■^ ''""' I^''-''^"''
;i.ne Lord Hob.ns iook .o „m^^' „ •\;;'; ' P^^ ''>'-'» H,.-
Boers no rest. "iiiixli forcPH h,. gave the
II wpnr (I
HiifTcrcd
'fore tlio
'roiii !!»•
iavo the
CAUGHT ON THE HOP,
the battle '
ently cost
estimated „
illustration .
of lite Boers
iiiR Kiniberlev was
•, althouKli it a'ppar-
Thc Eocr loss was
>• shot down. The
shown, that some
* -wi*
■^ <
I nil- A
i" ,**#'•■
\ :.>
1.
r.
^■^^DMBBj^HKHI^jj^pi
■ 1
nient
Only t
Ktorm
4;.iB,,--^|gS
under
Htaff I
croHN t
COHt tl
l.<.ld
victorj
It
L
THE STROnBERO PA5S.-Thi« ia the pnM made famou. by General GaUcre's unsuccewful effort to .urpriae Stromberg. Unofficial advices show that General
r»t.Trl wM cleverW led into a trap by treacherous guides. On the evening of December 8, 1S99, he left Putter's ifraal to surpriae the Bom. The moon was down and
fvemhiw faW the BritUh a^^^ BSerfhad about 7,000 men fn the vicinity of Stromberg The British .rived within two mile, of their dest.n.tion when
ever^imng i«»"/TO \^^ ! .j.VJL. c a ..—.- •!-.„ i... tij. Bos" ''om -•'"•"' "-••inn* •filrh threw the British into confusion. Thev i allied noblyiDut were
Iw^ to^iuS^^nlmMy men in kiuVd7wouidi^"and MptuWd,"«id wme gunTaird Winiiiition. General G.ucre wai seveiely cnUc»ea for thi. movement.
eat th»
they d
queror
Tiigels
hlB ma
wait a
niAl'TEK XIII.
\ f Y ^Si^TrA lirSIIINO, bowildorinu Hnrpriws wcro awaitliif;
Uciicrtil Hiillcr, who, iKitwitliHtuiHliii^,' the iiii-
IHttit'iifc of the iK^>|»h' in Kiijjliiiul, <l«'Hir«'<l to take
liiH own tinio in niaitin); |)rc|mrati()nH for liiM
a<lvan('i>. It won felt tliat Honictliin^ of import-
ance Hliould b(> (lon(> nH t*oon aH poHHililt> in a mili-
tary way by (Icni-ral Hullcr in order to prevent ali
tile Koutli African Datcli from openly eHixniHin^
tile canB«> of the Koern, and also to ciiecli tlie
audacity of the IiurnlierH wlio were not at all diHlieartened l)y the
rcKultH of the en|{aKenientK at H<'lmont, KnHlin and the M(Mlder, whicii
they did not deem defeats. After the latter flj;ht tlic 'ii^liHli general
Hat down to wait for (he n«'ceHsary repairH on the Itrhlf^e, .iiid the rein-
forcements he had calle<l for ho urgently, del > . i; his forward move-
ment until December 11, when he fell into a trap at Mafjersfontein.
Only the day lirfme (leneral (Jatacre had met with a bloody repulse at
Stornibern, while on the l.^th the main ci'himn of Oeneral Huller'H army,
under the commnnd of (leneral t'lery. liic ('oinmanderin-Cliief and his
Hiaff beinK with it, wan cliecke<l witli frightful loss in attemi)tin},' to
cross the TufU'la River north of Coliiiso. These three setbacks, wHIch
cost the Dritish army so dearly, led to the sendiuf; of Field Mnrslial
Ivonl Koberts to South Afri. a to take charge of the campaign, for
victory was what the Hritlsh [K-opie wanted.
It had been Oeneral Huller's boast that he and his men would
eat their (lirlstmas dinner in Pretoria, and while many of his men di<l,
they did not go to the capital of the H<iuth African Hepublic as con-
querors but as prisoners of war. It was said after the defeat at the
Tugpls Rivpr ""c-ssing **•;•• *•• ■■"r?.! I-uiler did not n-ally vvaui lo move
his main column when he did, feeling that Ladysmith could afford to
wait a short time longer, but in deference to the plainly expressed desire
UIONKUAL tJATACHirH IMUUinriL SIUI'IUHK ANI» IHCTKAT
AT HT()i{.Mni:m}.
149
of War <»(llce ottlcials h deavored to ford the Tugela before he was
ready.
As it was, these three <lefeats plunged (lie (iueen and her subjects
into the deepest sorrow, and (he nation d aniled a general for tVini-
mander-in-Cidef who would tigli( the Uners with their own tactics.
(leneral Huller appreciated the task before him, for he had to
overcome an enemy fighting on his - wn ground, of wonderful mobility,
secure in entrenchments of wonil.iful design and construction, and
l)ossessing a (liorough knowledge of every piss and by-way in Sotith
Africa.
Shortly after Lord Methuen began his advance toward Kimberley,
(Jenerals (ia(a<re am' i lench moved along (he nor(h border of ('jhm>
Colony, (i( -al IJartun occupied Kstcourt, (leneral llildyard drove the
Hoers from Meacon Hill, near Kstcourt, and (Seneral Huller prepared to
cross the Tugela ISiM'r, where he exiH-cted great opposition. Apart from
Metliuen's ojierations the only diversion of conse(iuence was llildyard's
victory, the story of wliich (leneral Huller t(dd in a dispatch to tiie
London War Oftice, dated Pieternuiritzburg, Sunday, November 20111:
•llildvard, fimii Kstcourt, made a successful attack November 23,
with thre<> battiiliuiis, one tield battery, a naval gun and 700 mounted
troops, on the enemy occui>ying Heacon Hill, wliicli dominates Willow
(Srange and had interrupte<l his communication. As a result of the
operations (lie enemy is retiring and the railway and telegraph lines
have liceii restored betwwn Estcourt and Weston. Our loss was abtmt
fourttH'u killed and fifty wounded.
"Hildyard has advanced to a jmsition near Frere, as he hopes to
cut off the enemy, who is believetl to be retiring on Colenso."
tiildyard"s loss was over 100 in killed, wounded, and missing, and
his immediate advance was 8toppe<l at Frere by the destruction of the
bridge there by the Boers.
GEXERAl. C.tT.tCRF.'S rRlGllTrVL SIRPRISP. ASD DEI-EAT.
150
Xlioti camo tho nwful blow at Slorinbcrjr, in Nortlicrn ('apt' Colony,
on D.MfUilH-r 10, to the Second Division of (i.'n.'ial HuUcr's corps, .oni-
nuunicil bv (Jcncral (iataiic.
Sloinibfi.? has few superiors as a plac' of stratctjifal iniiM)rtan(t'
in N..rtb('rn CaiM' foU>nv. It is a railroad junction, tifty miles north-
west of tiu.M.nstowii an.l ei^'hteen miles fr..m Hurslu'rsdorp. The
Stc.rmbern Mountains which surround the f.wn ar." fjreat masses, with
manv pr.Mipices and cover.Ml with bowlders, makinj.- a favorable strong-
hold" for fi!.ditinK' under the l?o.-r tactics. The ascent to the town is
made bv zi^'zafi trails, which for a {jreat portion of the distance win.l
betweei. precipitous declivities. olTerins; exceptional opportnn.tu.s for
ambuscades. . .i .
On November 2t; the Hoei-s in force occupi.'d ^tormber};, thus cut-
ting railroad communication b.'tw.M-n (ieneral tiala.re, with <i,(H»(t
troops at (Meeusf.wn, and tieneral French with a smaller force at
Ni.auwiioort. Inuue.liately after th.' occupation ..f the town the H..ers
,,„„,uenced fortifyiu},' the pla.e, and the move, which was p-nerally
...msidered another evidence ..f a-nvssiv,' Ho.-r tactics m Northern
<'a,M- folony, had a fjreat moral effect on tlu- dissatislied l.utch resi-
'" In the last w.H'k in Novend.er (ien.Mal tJatacr.-, havin- been re-
enfor.-ed, uiovmI north and oc.upi.-l Ilnshnien's Hook, ab.ait half way
hetwcn (iueeustown an.l Molt.-no. On D.M-.n.ber l' he moved on to
Putter's Kraal. ,
The advance of (ien.-ral (iatacic fr..m Putter'-'. Kraal, which .■nd.-d
iu the disaster at Wtormb.M-, uudoubtclly had a tNso-fnld motive. I'n-
n.arilv his intention was to administer signal defeat to the Moeis in
ord.-r to ch.-ck ih.' spread of .lisalfection anions: Dut.h residents in
Northern Cape folonv. This .lisairecth.n bad been inrreasui}. at a rat.-
alarmin- to the Itritish, and military authorities in London agreed the
,,„i.kesl curative lay in a«f;ressive warfare. < ieneral tiata.re was so
instrticteil. ... , i • -..
His second motiv.' was to .lear the way f.u- his advame to join
Methuen's .■olumn should such a .ourse be d..-med ......essary. His plan
W.W t«» unite his forcer, with th..«c of <.!euera! Krench. (.em-ral t.at-
arre'H force numbered fully 4,<M». men, an.l left Putt.-'s Kraal at n..on
„n De.emb.'r », arriviii^r at M.dteii.. tl... sain.- ..veninj;. At nin.. ...Luk
that iiiKht he l.^ft the Kraal f..r St..rnib.'r}r, th." tr.H.ps mar.hniK as
silently as possible, in close .irder, the intention being to surprise the
H.M'i's by means .if an early morning attack. Never was a greater mis-
take made. N.it kn.iwing e.xai'tly where the cunning enemy was the
Kritish .'.iliiiiin, the iii<>ii in g.t.id s|>irils at the ]>ros|M>ct .>f a tight,
stiimble.l along over ro.'ks anil veldt firm in the c.invi.'ti.in that the
Ho.'rs w.'i'e asl.'eji. On the c.intrary they were very wi.le awake and
waiting.
The .'011111111 arrive.1 safely within a ciuiide of miles .tf its d.'stina-
ti.)ii, the .(Illy incid.-nt .»f Hie niar.'h being an occasional siid.l.'ii .'all .if
"halt," under the beli.'f that the IJoers were near.
Siid.l.'iily a t.'friti.' tire .ipened simiiltane.iiisly .in the British fnint
and right think. Th.' Koyal Irish KiH.'s, which f.iriiied the advance,
s.iught shelter behind a neighb.iring kopje, an.l were sjic'dily joined
by the reniain.ler of th.> c.iliimn.
It was s.i.in found, li.iwever, that this p.isiti.in was also covere.!
by Ibi.'r guns, wlii.'h wer." in. ire jHiwerful than lia.l been snpii.ise.l. The
tr.i.ips, th.'i'ef.ire, stiiight a saf.'r p.isiti.in ab.iut half a mile away, tw.i
liatt.'ries in Hi.' ni.'antim.' engaging Hi.' Moei-s and c.ivering the tr.mps
in their with.lrawal.
The action nowji.'.'am.' g.'iieral at long range, and a .leta.'hinent
.if m.iunt.'d infantry iimv.'d northward with a view of getting on th.'
enemy's right Hank. Sii.ld.'iily a str.iiig c.iinnian.l.i was se.-n in.iving
fr.ini Hi.' n.irtli, an.l the H.iyal Irish Kitles an<l the N.irthuiiib.'rland
■{.•ginieut were sent out t.> ine.'t it.
It was so.in dis.-ov.'r.'.l, li.iwever, that the H.mm's had machine guns
well jila.'.'.l, ami th.' Ilrilish w.-r.' .'Oinp.'ll.'d l.i fa.'.' a terribh' fire.
N.it .inly .11.1 th.' two r.'giments suffer heavily in kille.l an.l
w.iun.l.'.l, but th.' major part .if their for..' was tak.'ii jiris.iners.
(ieneral Oalacre, tin. ling himself I'.inipletely .'utrappe.l, c.ill.'.'ted
his fore.' and had a running tight fr.im ridge t.i ri.lg.' f.ir nine niil.'s in
the r.'treat, losing two guns, the excell.'Ut han.lling of the lield buttery
111. III.' enabling the main b.i.ly t.i esc«|M'.
The FusilieiK and the Irish HiH.'s were captured in small groups at.
.lifferent times, many .if them being iinablo to join the oidunm when
th.' retreat was begun.
Titer.' was consi.lerable .'oiifusi.in ir tiie course of the retreat, but
the Uritish Iro.ijis .'.iii.liicted themselv.'s with most a.lmirable c.iurage.
The H.iers, taking advantage of the condition of the Itritiiih column,
surpriBP the
a jj;rt'iit('r mis-
lu'iiiy wiis tlu»
I'ct <»f a Hfjlit,
ction that the
L(h' awake aiitl
of itH (h'Stiua-
suihhMi call of
p Rritmh front
1 the advaiut',
siHt'dily joiiH'd
18 also covered
MUppost'd. The
iiilc away, two
I'in^r thf ti'oo])s
I a di'tachiiicnt
jjetliiif; on the
(H seen niovin;^
ortiiinnbci'land
1 niacliinc ff\n\>i
tcrrihlc fire,
in killed and
•isoncrH.
PImmI, collected
ir nine niilcH in
he field battery
Kinall {n*')"!"* >i''-
e r(dnnin when
the retreat, but
lirahle courage.
Brititih column,
AnUSEMENTS IN CAMP.— The Kaffir helpers uronnd the British camps are a continual source of amusement to "Tommy Atkins," particularly thoae ^h" have
never Men stationed in Africa. After lUc Usuitl un,iii;n({ paiaucsauj camp duties arc over, liie ioiij;. dreary days are nven over 'to games and other amusements The
photograph shows a nutnber of the camp Kaflirs performing in front of the tents, giving an iraitHtion of a war dance, which ia always a matter of great enthusiasm with
them. In place of shields and assegais, they use hiiig sticks for tlie occnsion, their shouts and cries Iieing weird, while the gesticulations and fantastic twirling of their
bodies are moat grotesque. One of the peculiarities of the natives is the manner in which they endure the terrific heat of the sun, being bareheaded all the time and
absolutely with no kind of protection from the fierce rays. Besides the war dance, the natives indulge in foot-races and sham battles, the latter becoming so fierce at
limes that "Tommy Atkins'^ finds it necessary to rush in between the opponent* to prevent serious injury being done the excited men.
.aua i i i fuujAj
SSS
SS8SSKZSB
Ml
V 5
i'sissS
11
GENERAL GAT ACRE'S FRIGHTFUL SURPRISE AND DEFEAT.
153
•11
I B i
ril
brought their guns on the tops of tlie kopjes and followed the retreating
troops on the road below for miles, sending shell after shell down into
the valley.
Oeueral (lutacre's first report of the battle, dated the 10th inst.,
was contained in a few words, and was as folhiws:
"l)eei)l,v regret to inform j'ou that I have met with serious reveree
in attack this morning on Htormberg.
"I was misled to t'nemy's position by guide, and found impracticable
ground.
"OATACBE."
He reportwl ns his casualties, two killed, twenty-nine wounded and
605 missing. These were all augmented by htter reports, which showjtl
that the Boers had ••apturtMl *''2 i)risoners. The Boer casualties were
comparatively small, ns th - ' ■ re intrench«>d and took the British com-
pletely by surprise.
(ieueral (latacre's hvtwna report, dated December 11, was more
explicit. It was sent to <leneral Korestier-Walker, at ('a[)e Town, and
by him forwarded to the London W'nv Oflice:
"Molteno, December 11, 18!»1».
"The idea to attack Htormberg B<H>med to ])romise certain success,
but the distance was underestimated by myself and the local guides.
A isdicemnn took us around some miles and consequently we were
marching from 9:30 p. m. till 4 a. m. and were landed in an inii>o8sible
position. I do not consider the error intentional.
"The Boers commenced tiring from the top of an unscalable hWI
and wounded a good many of our men whil<> in the o|M'n |dain. The
Second Northnmherlands tried to turn out the enemy, but failed. The
Recoiid Irish Fusiliers seized a kopje near and held on, supported by
the mounte«l infantry and Cape p«dice.
"The gtins under .Teffray could not have bwn better handled. But
I regret to say (hat one gun was overturned In a deep nullah and
another sank in (piicksand. Neither could be extricated in the time
available.
"Seeing the situation, I sent a dispatch rider to Molteno with the
news. I collected and withdrew our forces from ridge to ridge for about
nine mih's. The Boers' guns were remarkably well served. They car-
ried accurately 5,000 yards.
"I am holding Bushnmn's Hock and Cyphergat. Am sending (he
Irish Rifles and Northumberlands to Sterksstrom to recuperate. The
wounded proceed to (jueenstown. The missing Northumberlands num-
ber 366, not 306, as previously reported."
President Kruger caused the following dispatch to be sent out from
Pretoria on the night of December 10:
"Pr»>toria, Sunday, December 10, 1899.
"President Steyn has sent the following details of the fight at
Stormberg Junction:
" 'The British, with six caunon.attack.-d the Boers under Swanepoel
and Olivier and stormwl the Boers' entrenched jxisitions on the koi)ji's.
After a severe flght they were compelled to surrender.
"'The prisoners are Major Sttirgis, six officers and 230 uoucoin-
missioned officers and men of the Northumberlands, and (wo officers
and about 250 non-commissi(med officers and men of (he Irish Fusiliers.
" 'It is impossible to state the number of dead or wounded British.
The Boers captured thri'e cannon and two ammunition wagons.' "
Later it developed that but ffu' (he magnificent work of (lie Bridsh
artillery the disaster would have been far more extensive, as (he inces-
sant Boer shell fire in the midst of the rejiuised infantry uKlmately led
to difDitler, which only escaped developing into a nmt through the bat-
teries of artillen- occupying successive positicms, covering the retreat,
thus drawing a portitm of the Boers' galling fire.
The .British were set an impossible task and most treacherously
guided. After a trying march and being under arms sixteen houi-s they
attacked the wrong part of the Boer position, where tlu' hill was '\\n-
pregnable, and the burghers, who numbered (i,000 men instead of 2,500,
as the spies had rei)ortetl, had nothing to do but to shoot tlie scddiers of
the attacking army down as they stotsl in close order uniii)le to help
themselves or definitely hn-ate their foes.
On December 12, Oeneral Oatacre fell back to Sdrksstroin to allow
his troops to i-est and recuperate. His defeat was the most serious the
British had sustained up to that date in the campaign, and was entirely
unexiM'cted. Its effect was to increase the disloyalty of the Tape Colony
Dutch and to dampen the spiiits of the British at home.
'tt
154
GENF.RAL GATACRE'S FRIGHTFUL SURPRISE AND DEFEAT.
Mudi had boon oxpootod of Oonornl Oatacre, ns he was a sohlicr itf
l>rov('<l ((lura^t' aud ability. In Uiirinah Iw soon wou thi> (Iwdration of
thi' Distiiifiuishi'd (Service Order. He fought bravel.v in tlie Woudan, and
had previously evineitl great ability in handling large bodies of men.
At the time of the Storniberg battle, he was flfty-six years old, but
young-looking for that age. Wis first regiment was the (Seventy-seventh
foot, eommonly known as the "Die-IIurds." He sjH'nt some years in
India previous to the Hurmah campaign, and then retunuil to Kngland
to receive his promotion to the office of a maj()r-general at Aldershol.
His chief characteristic was tremendous energy, and although he
made great calls on those he commanded he never spariMl himself. He
made a record ride in India under adverse circumstances, and his ad-
vance in the <1iitral cnmiMiign contributwl much to its success. TIutj'-
fore, the fact that he should have bwu so terribly defeate<l in his first
experience witli the Boers, an enemy he had alTecte<l to think but little
of, W!-« an additional sorrow to the English, who did not like to see
so prominent a niilitai-j- idol shaken on his jH'destal. Th<' disaster had
one good effect, however, for it denuiustrated the necessity of abandon
ing the <dd tactics of 181)0, and adopting those of the new order of
things tliat had come to pass.
After Field Marshal lAtrd Uoberts took command of the forces in
Woulh Africa he relieve<l (leneral <iatacre from duty and sent hiiu back
to Kngland because he permitted hims<'lf to be deceived iM'fore getting
to Storniberg. Lord Koberts also thought t'eneral (Satacre shoidd have
been certain of the iM)sitiou of the Boers before making his ad van e.
PUT HIS FOOT KKUIT IN THE THAI'.
From "Denver Times."
The' Boers set many traps for the British «luring the war, but none
was more successful than the one sprung near Blnemfontc>in on the
1st of April, litOtl, when Colonel Broadwood. of ihe Twelfth I^iK-en..
was ambushed and lost seven guns and 350 men, 150 of whom were
killed and wo\inded, the Boers compelling the others to surrender.
The snare was so well laid, the British never suspected it.
but none
n on the
Ijimcei-h,
lom were
urrender.
, '
•f
:-::%
_
■■ilHllii iiii
i
Mi
In
^^
i^piMI
Pi
>
SS^lSsi SLl
pMMM^'^'' ■ v-**^
iMliiiiiM1WMM8?^'. ■ :-lW^' ' ^^.i ">'^W»»Sf
|^^HBBi||9M[fflpii^inp^^^^« ^ipnnmipwn
m^
m*«'-* ■'i fUt." «v«f- -■■.«5--r' -•■■"t
v' ^> ;'v, .
♦ ' i. • -■ n v.;
~ s . . ■ - 'I
_.v»°-*».'"
■ft ■
■.'•.■.:•-"'*
,^-'' ^ '
DB AAR,— Tl' A is a little station situated aouth of Kimberley on the Rimberley line railway. The principal buildinffit are the railway station and the hotel, both of
which are well l>uilt iid of imposing appenrance considering the location and surroundings. The illustration is valuable in that it conveys a good idea of the vaatnessof
Soutii African ianiiscapes. '* Kopjes,'' or hiiiucks, and rocics are shown in tne foreground, 'these are found everywhere, and afford s'lelter to the Boers while in battle.
Then there is the broad plane or " veldt," which in many places is very fertile. In the tiackground is a chain of mountains of the kind unong which the Boers have
established their strongest fortifications, from which they hght desperately and with telling emsct.
ALL THAT WAS LEFT OF THEM: — This is a mtiable scene. It retjresents the Hisblsdd Brignde reforming afi^r the Unt Attack In the battle of Mufferttfontein.
This battle was foughtDecember II, ISW, and was the hottest battle that had so far been fought in tbe'Soutb-African war. The Highland Brigade led in the attack early
in the morning and continued fighting throughout the day. The Boers were strongly entrenched alonK a line six miles in length, and while they suffered heavily they
inflicted severe punishment on the Bntiah. The Highland Brigade alone lost 650 men in killed and wounded, of which number ten officers were killed, thirty-eight
wounded and four were reported missing or captured by the Bocri. It was in this battle that the gallant Andrew G. Waucbope was killed while leading the attack of the
Highland Brigade.
Ma
iiifT
croi
uoii
trn]
tine
( I III
the
t'usi
ueu
ank
tlrn
p08
CIIAPTEU XIV.
MAHKACRK OF TIIK ilKlllLANl) HHKIADK AT MA(iEI{8F()N-
TEIX, WHERE U)I{I) METIHEN'H ADVANCE
WAH t'llECKEI).
MMEUIATELY followiiifj (J»'iicr;il (iattun'V iH'pulHc
— ill fact, the very ucxt da.v, nccoiiibcr 11 — tlic
world was elect rifU-d by the news of tlie defeat of
^"^ Ivfti'd Metliiieii at Maf^ei-sfonicin, jiiBt north of the
Modth'i- River, and the aInioHt total annihilation
of the Highland l<ri<;a(ie under coniuiand of
Major-tSenerul Andn w <}. Wanehope, their idol-
ize<l leader. Lord Methnen'H losses in killed,
wounded and niissiiif; were 'MV.i, the ranioiis Hliu-k
Watch R(>Kinient alone iosinj{ IW.'t men. The
.Manpils of Windiestei, Major at the Second <"(ddstreains, was aiso
hilled.
The Highland Itri^iade was misled while niarchlnjj; in the dark diir-
inji a drenchinK rain and suddenly exposed to a destructive entiladin^
cross tire.
As at Stormberfj, the Hoers' position had not been i»roperly recon-
noitered, and the Ili};hlanders were entansb'd by barbed wire and en-
trni)ped while niarchin;;- in close order.
The battle opened with a disastrous repulse, and while there was
tine artillery jiractice afterward on the j)art of the Itritish and tlic^
tSuards' Hripule checked a tiank attack by the Hoers, the blunders at
the outset could not be retrieved.
It was Storniberi; over a<{ain, with the exception that the Ent^lish
casualties were fj^reater.
(Jeneral Wauchope, who led the Highland Hripide, was found dead
near the Hoer trenches, his body literally covered with wounds.
Lord Methuen, havinjj; a force of 11,000 men, the reinforcemeuts
nnkf'd f<.r havtiifj nrrived, dccidi".! tss atiack (Jeneva! (Vonj!!, who w.'is
flrnily entrenched. The latter hud improved the time by making his
position ubs(dutely secure, and in the battle which followed he was
167
aided by the fact that the Hritisli were led into another trap and made
their attack at the wron^; point. On Sunday, I)ecend)er 10, the kopjes
occupied by the Hoers were shelled by the Naval Hriifade and all of
the regular artillery attachj-d to Methuen's column, to which the Hoers
made but a feeble rei)ly.
At midnight, therefore. Lord Methuen decided upon a surprise
attack and sent (ieneral Wauchope with his Highlanders to move on
(Jeneral Cronje's position, the Scotch contingent consisting of the First
Highland Light Infantry, the First Argyll and Sutherlantl Highlanders,
the Sec(md Seaforths, and the Royal Highlanders or "Hiack Watch."
They were leo by guides through the night, the darkness of which
was intensified by a heavy rainfall. .\t ;}:20 ('clock, on the morning
of the 11th, while still in quarter c(dunin, they ran into an ambuscade
and encountered terrific Ure from trenches at the base of the kopjes
in occupation of the Hoers. Although not yet daylight, tiie burghers'
volley did such tremendous execution at a range of three Iiuudre<l yards
that the British troops were comjMdled to retreat.
What tended to make the slaughter greater was the fad that while
the Scots were advancing, withcuit the slightest intimation that the
Bo(>rs were in such dose i)roxiniity, searchlights were suddenly turned
upon them, the bright rays completidy blinding tlu' men and rendering
them incapable of doing anything whatever.
The brigade suffered a heavy loss, and the Royal llighlandeis in
particular met with terrible punishment, only KiO uumi being mustereil
on re-forming the battalion. Some companies were practically wijied
out.
Nothing more could be done until the rest of the main body had
ronie up. Then, at daylight, the P.ritisih artillerj, tuiirtirfiing of thirty-
one guns, began a bombardment which lasteil throughout the day.
the howitzers, as before, using heavy lyddite shells.
KSsrrr — swwr-
168
M.4SS.ICRE OF THE HIGHLAND RRIGADR.
m
Til-.' Itocrs made no serious nttcinpt to rcpl.v willi their };niis, but
tlit'ir ritli' tire wiis so iicrsislt'iit, roiicciit rated and well directed that
it wasabsolutel.v ini|M(ssible for the Hritish infantry to lal;e the [tosition
by assault.
In till' conrse of the forenoon the (iordon Highlanders were sent to
the front b,v I-ord Methiien and advaneed with the utmost pillantry
to attack the Itoer center, close to where lay tlu'ir dead and wonnded
comrades of the Highland Itrijijfade. The Hoers were, liowever, so well
inti'cncheil that it was found i)hysically iinitossible to carry the position,
and they were also compelled to retire.
Allo!;etlier, the I1y:litin}; at Ma^ersfontein was of the most desper-
ate nature, but what dispirited the Itritish more than anythin;; else was
that they could not see the enemy. Not more than one hundred Itoers
were visible all dnrin;: the contlict, even when dayli}jht came, while all
around the Kn^lish troops were falling in rows. They could noi even
tell where the Hoer lire came from until late in the tlay. The llif;li-
landers did all that the most pillant troops in the world could do, but
it was im|>ossible to face the terrible fire of the Koers, which was
miraculously accurate.
The Hritish artillei'y a};ain save<l the situation and divided the
honors of the day with the Scots. The batteries worked for hours
under a {jailing ritle fire, covere<l the retreat and force<l the Hoers back
several times.
Accordinj; to Hoer stories, the burjfhers suffered fearful loss. One
Hoer ju'isoner said a siu^'le lyddite shell killed or wounded over seventy
and that two other shells burst over two larj{e bodies of IJoers ensconced
behind ihe ran<,'e, doinj; fearful (lama<j;e.
V.liile the tJnards were advaiKin;^ on the plain, which the Hoers
\ver(> shelling from the adjoiniu}; ridges, they ('ncount('red and cut u])
a sti-onir Hoer picket jiosted on a hill for ])urposes ()f obsen'ation. All
the iuenibers of the picket were either killed, wounded or taken pris-
oners.
The Hoers foufjlit throufihout with the utmost frallantry, and their
sliarp-shoott rs seldom miss<Hl the nuirk.
A Seaforth lli),'hlander said after the fi};ht that wliile he was lyinj;
wounded on the field he saw a Hoer of typical <!(>rman ap|M'arance,
faultlessly dress<'d, with jxtlislied top boots, a shirt with silk rultles
nnd a cigar in his month, walkinf^ among the ant hills, picking off the
Hritish. He was ipiite alone, and it was apparent fnun the tre(|uent
use he made of field glas.ses that he was singling on! olllcers.
A wounded Ifoer, who was taken jtrisoner, said that a lyddite
shell from a Hritish gun, tired on Sunday, fell in the middle Of an
open air i»rayer meeting held to <dTer supplications for the success of
the Hoer arms, killing nearly forty men and woum'iug as many more.
The entire Scandinavian contingent serving in the Hoer army of
(ieneral f'ronje was destroyed utterly, while the entire Hoer loss in
killed and wouudeil was about TOO, their largest casualties in the win-
up to that time. When the English had the opportunity their work
among the Hoers was most effective with the bayonet.
During the night it was considered expedient that the Highland
Hrigade, about 1,0(M> strong, uiuler tJeneral Wauchope, should get close
enough to the lines of the foe to make it jiossible to charge the heights.
At midnight the gallant (ieneral moved cautiously through the dark-
ness toward the kopje where the Hoers were most strongly intrenched.
They were led by a guide, wlu) was siipposed to know every inch of the
country, out into the darkness of an African wight.
The Hrigade marched in line of <|uarter column, each man step-
ping cautiously and slowly, for they knew that any sound meant death.
I']v«'ry order was ;;lven in a hoarse whisi)er, and in whispers it was
passed along the ranks from man to man. Nothing was heard as they
moved toward the gloomy, steel-fi>onti-<l heights but the brushing of
their feet in the veldt grass and the deep-drawu breaths of the march-
ing men.
So onward until until 3 of the ch)ck on the morning of M(mday.
Then out of the darkness a rifle rang, sharp and clear, a lu-ralil of disas-
ter — a soldier had tripped in the darkness over the hidden wires laid
down by the enemy. In a second, in the twinkling of an eye, the search-
lights of the Ho«'rs fell broad and clear as the noonday sun on the ranks
of the doomed Highlanders, though it left the eiU'Uiy concealed in the
shadows of file frowning mass of hills behind them.
For one brief ni nent the Hi'otH seiMued paralyzed by the .-sudden-
uess of their discov«n, for they knew that they were huddled together
like Hheep within fif'y yaiils of the trenches of the enemy. Then clear
above the c<tnfusion rolled the voice of the Oeneral: "Steady, men,
steady," and like an echo to the vet<'rans out came the crash of nearly
a thousand rifles pot fifty paceu from them,
ii'
army,
a Bo«i
customary in nn organized
Thruugbout the war
r^P^l.TiT'*' ?*^w *.?**^'? OITPOST.— The Boers have not been organized into distinct divisions of infantry, artillery and cavalry, as is cust
my, but have fought rather with a mixed ori»n "•■"C >»" ion" "•"' =.■"•..-. li- •-o;-: — .i.... },-..;. !-.- .•-- ~_.ij.- i^-i -t_ jV.^ li i ,
»nS."m.1f »^ ™o?i, i"?* . .'!* been inseparable. In forming an outpost they tether their horses in the immediate rear of tne position they intend to occupy, that the
^Z^l„?t^v„vv. «'^!^"'"""?'..°''2!il^ t*"' *''?™5' P"'* fP ^"^ """t » 'Change of position becomes necessary. In the illustration the artist bis produced rscene of battll
^jaS tl^mtu "a^kg tatUe. '^ ''""" ""^ "' ""* ^' °"*P~'* ""* ""'""* "** ^"' '^* °°*" "~'' '" "•*" """'• but the cavalry followed and
, J .iiila
fr; >« u 3 rt
■"--■==.§
s5S8
S a " o -
!? = -•= "S
•7 M O g m
I. £ g S
^ u 3 t «
<1fs
1-111 1
" Sir
§■£§•§■51
•<|aag
8f.s§s^
MASSACRE or THE lllCllLAXD BRIGADE.
1«1
Tlie nit?lilnn(ler8 ro^-lod bofdro tlip Hpook-lilic irccs before tlieiii.
Their best, their biavesi, fell in tlial wild li.iil nf le.iil. (iiiieiiil
Waui'l»(»|ic WUM <l(i\vii, ridillt-il witli bullets, yet, j^asiiiii};, tl.viii;;, bleed-
ing; fi'oni everv vein, the l!i;(hland chleftnin laised liiniHclf on his hands
and knees and ehecfed his men forward.
Men and ottieers fell in heaps top-ther. The Hhiik Watch chai'^ii'd,
and the (iordons and the Seaforths, with a yell that stirred the Itritisli
eaini) below, rushed onward — onward to death or disaster. The ae-
cursed wires eaufjlit tliein ninnd the U'^h until tliey tloiindereil like
trai)ped wolves, and all the time the ritles of the foe san{{ the sonn
of death in their ears.
Then they fell back, broken and beaten, leininj; nciirly 1,2II() dead
and wounded just where tlie broad l)reast of llie jj;riissy veldt melts
Into the embrace of the ru};f;cd Afriian hills, and an hour hitir the
(Inwning cauic of the dreariest day that S<'othind has known for a
^encrathm past.
Of her ottieers, the Howcr of her chivalry, the pride of her bn^edin^r,
but few remained to tell the tale — a sad tale truly, but one untainted
with dishonor or smirched witli dis.nrace, fur up those lieijihis under
Kiniibir circumstances even a brigade of devils i nuld scarce have lioptHl
to pass. All that mortal men could do the Scots did. They tried, they
failed, they fell, and there is nothinjr left us now but t(» move in f<u'
them and avenjje them.
Once the };unrds made a brilliant dasli at the trenches, and like
a torrent their resistless valor bore all before them, ami for a few
brief moments they got within hittinj; distance of tlie foe. Well did
they avengt' the slanf{hter of the Scots. The bayonets, like toiifiiies of
flume, jaissed above or below the rifles' yuard, and swept brisket and
breastbone.
A correspondent writing of the English (JenerarH efforts, as well
as the Boer losses, said:
"In vain all that day Methm>n tritnl by every nile he knew to draw
the enemy. Vainly the Lancers rode recklessly to induce those human
rock limpets to come out and cut them off. Oonje knew the mettle of
our men, and an ironical laugh played around his iron mouth, and still
he stayed within liis uutive fastnesses. But ttealh sat ever at hi.i
elbow, for our gunners dropped the lyddite shells and the howling
shrapnel all along his lines, until the trenches ran blood and many of
his nuns were silenced. In the valley behind his outer line of liills his
dead lay piled in hundreds, and the slope of tlie hill was a charnel-
house, where the wounded all writhed amid the ma.sses of the dead, a
^'liastly tribute to British gunnery.
"When at 1 r.'tit p. in. of Tuesday we <lrew off to Modder IJiver to
report, we left nearly :t,tllMI dead and wounded of grim (dd Croiije's
men as a token that the lion of Kiigland had bared his teeth in earnest."
Lord .Metlnieii's stmy of the battle, his ofllciiil report, was not very
graphic, being short and general in tone. In it lie said:
"Camp on Modder Hiver, December II, IHiMt.
"Our artillery shelled a very strong position, held by the enemy,
in a long, high kopje, from 4 o'clock until dusk Sunday. It rained
liiird last night.
"The lligliland Brigade attacked the south end of th*' kopje at
dayliieak on Monday. The attack was proiwrly timed, liiit faile<i.
"The (iuarils were ordered to protect the lliglilauds' right and
rear. The cavalry and mounted infantry, with a liowitzer artillery
battery, attacked the enemy (ui the left and the (iuards on tlie right,
supported by Held artillery and liowilzer artillery. Tliey shelled the
position fiimi daybreak and at 1:1."> I sent the Oordons to support the
lligliland Brigade.
"Tile troops held tlwir own in front of the enemy's intrcnciimeiits
until dusk, the position extending, including the kopje, for a distance
of six miles toward the Modder Kiver.
"To-day F am lioldiiig my position and intrenching iii^ -^elf.
"I had to face ,it least 12,t)()0 men. Our loss was t; it.
"MKTIirKN"."
Presiih'nt Kruger gave out Oenernl (Yonje's rejiurt from Pretoria
on December 12. The "South African Fox" in his version of the fight
said:
"Magersfontein, December 12, 1899.
"Yesterday there was desultory fighting till o'clock, when henry
cannon tire was resumed.
"Tlie Scaudinaviaus stormed a dillicuii position, but it became
nntennble and they suffered severely. I was unable to send help.
ir.i
MASSACRE or THE ItlGHLAXP BRIGADE.
"Till- Itiitisli \v« It' in (>vcnvli<lminj{ font', Imt iniiHt liiive had at
IfiiHt L',(HII) nicii put nut of iirliiiu, citliiT in killed 111- wouikUmI.
"There weie nn Ni;;ns of ynrreiider, the bni'tjhei.s ti^htinn with
conspicuous lii'iiveiy ami niiiinialiiinj; ilieir positionH untler heav.v Urit-
h'll tire. Our ciinnou wei'eof very Utile use.
"Till' Ifrilish were };i' Mtiv assisteil liv liiilliHinM,
"Twenty-four iiiuhuliiiices were worliiu); liackwanl anil forwaril
between the li};htln^' line and the eiu'in.v'N camp.
"Our loss is not detiiiitely known. I estimate it at 100 killed and
Wounded.
"t'UOX.IK."
In a later report to IM'esident. Krn);er Ih'Uernl (Vouje added the
following;:
seis lann. i ne sapperH ami miners mnsi nave suneriKi severely, li
Hiiers suffered heavy losses in horses. I cannot otherwise describe tl
battle-tield tluui as a sad and terrible sliiiiffhter.
"Monday was for us a brilliant victory. It has infused new spir
into our men, ami will enable them to achieve greater dii'ds.
"CKONJK."
(ieneral Wauihojie was a soldier who never knew what fear meant,
and was the tyjiical Scotch warrior. He saw his first blood in the
Ashantee War of lS7;{-Tt. havint; entered the army in ISt!,"), and was
woiiiided seveiely in tli. Soudan and in K^ypt, four times nltop'ther.
His bravery had been jjlorionsly rewarded. lie was decorated with
the Order of the Hath and with the Order of Michael and (leorge. He
was a brifjadier-neneral of the First IJrigade in the Ejjyptian expedi-
tionary force of 18!t8, but the rank of colonel was his actual rank, his
title of niajor-neneral beinf; merely brevet.
General Wauchoiie commanded the Royal Highlanders, better
known m the "Black VValch," a rogiuieut that piideU itself upon ili*
record.
The Hoyal HitjIilanderM constitute one of the most famouH rcgl-
ineuts in the Hrltlsh army. Its sobri<|net of "Mlack Wat. h" comes from
its nniform. In 17.'tl» the regiment consisted of six coiuiianies, but
shortly after this it was raised to a full reninieiil, and fought with the
Dukes of Marlborough and Wellington. It was at Waterloo, and when
its heavy men, with liayonets fixed, went against the heroic ImiH'rial
(luard of Xapoleon, the gallant Frenchmen were iom|ielled to tire
away. After that it served in all jiarts of the world, and more than
once sulTered decimation in battle. Tlie burial of (ieneral Waucho|
and his braves after the lighting had ceased was a luosi imiu'essive
ceremony. .Vs the blanketeil bodh's were lowered into the sliallow
graves dug in the soil of the battlefield the bagpipes played "Lochaber
i.o More," and while no tears were shiil the thoughts Ihiit wcIIikI up in
the breasts of the stern warrhirs who stood on the burning veldt at
present arms boded no good to the foes that had robbed the Hritish
army of one of its brightest ornamentH. In subse<)uent engagemeutH
the Scots took amide revenge and wiixil out the stain of the defeat at
Magersfonteiu, although that sorrowful day retlecled no discreilit or
dishonor u]ion the wearers of the kilt.
As soon as the death of ileneral Wauchope was leariu'd the War
OHIce directed (ieneral Hector MacDonald to leave Imlia for South
Africa to take command of the Highland Hrigade. To his efforts at
Onidnrnian, where he turniil the tiank of the dervishes, a critical situa-
tion was turned into a brilliant English victory, (ieneral MacDonald
rose from the ranks, a rare thing in the Hritish army, and was in every
way a typical Highland soldier. "Fighting Mai" was tlie name his com-
mand gave him in Egypt, and Tommy Atkins has never bin-n i>ronder
than when serving directly under him. (ieneral MacDonald was born
in ISfil'. At the age of 1!) lie enlisted as a private in the faiuoUK (liirdon
reginient, and in t!ire<' years he was a color sergeant. Then his regi-
ment vsent to Egypt, and his ojiiMH-t unity to distingiiisli himself came.
With sixty-three of the (lonlon Highlanders and a few Sikhs he routed
an army of 2,000 Afghans. Again, in a few weeks, he was mentioned
in the official dispatches for bravery. When the reginient was orden'd
home he had his choice of the Victoria cross or a commission, and the
commission lie took. Most of his life since that p<'rii)d has bcH'n sjient in
service in Egypt. No man except (ieneral Lord Kitciiener came out
of the last campaign there with more glory than he.
iili
OPPICBRS RANOe-FINDINO
heretofore incurred '
\';i"^.:nl^J*!.^3.~'^*»^*'^i"''™™''.'''» f?^ "."ge fin'iinR. in use in the South African w.r hav- d"n. .^■... -^th murh -.f th^ ^ » • -
found approximatclv in a few ai-rnnrrr»i,,i lU.'l.Z '•'^7^""-'="°i<; pnng wir, u<.-cc»sary lo determine the rang
io5s of time
range can l>e
BURIAL OF GENERAL WAITHOPE.-The battle of Ma«r8fontein was fought December II, 1800 The loss, of the Bri';* *»» »■» ,?"f " .''''"•f »"^,''^^
The Boer losKS were variously estimated at 700 to 2.m) men kilfed and wounde<l. "Vhe battle was a Brilish .leleat, because ,f. j'f^ » ™°?'y '"'™"'™
^{,:„. ^.„ 1 ;\pJrs- O "■auchnps o"e of the mo-t -'iatin-iiish"' and onpi.lar nffireni in tlie Brilish armv. commanded the Iliehland Hngade. The Brigade lea tne
ittacK 'and appr'oiched tlie enemy within 300 yards, when a terrible fire wa's opened upon them. Ai»ut M> Highlanders feii in » /=* "|"'"i^-- ,r'''Jr„f;t*\he oi^mii^'.
throughout the day. Among the killed was the gallant General Wauchope, who led the famous charge in perwm. '•« artist has commemorated the scene at the Oeneral a
biuUl.
tiling
ItlacI
in tli
iU»U
to he
of Otl
never
u
only i
when
HoerH'
for nt
to use
"1
war.
at iea^
CHAPTER XV.
HUIUAL OF (JKXKIJAL WAUC
WHO KKLL AT
AON.('OMMIHHIOXEI) „(«,.,.,. ..f the Black Waf.h, n..
most f„„„„m „f Hi^,i.ian.l .•..Ki.n,.„tH, wI.mI. was all but
wilHil out at MascrsfontHu, most KraphUally .Inscribes, i„
u l..tter to his fath..r, wlio lives at Abenlwu, S.ot-
land, the bui-ial of (ieueinl WaiKhop.s leader of
tiK' Highland Hripule in that battle, who fell dead
covered with wounds, at the verv foot (.f th.' Ho,.|-
^ ti-en.hes. I-Mft.v of the «i..n..ial's bonnv Scots, who
f^died with him in the bh.od.v charge upon the 15oer
(i entrenchments, w(.re buried at the Mame time, and
,, . ,., <■"' '•<''<'"'<>"v, although simple and devoi<l of anv-
iinK like theatrical display, was most impressiv.- and atn-.tinir Tlie
Black Watih has seen more s,.rvice, ,.robabl.v, than any other r<.«iment
n the world, having fought all around the ^lobe, aith.M.frh all the
^c..t.h regiments have always been sent where titer,, was rouL'h work
to be don(>:
"On the Modder River, Decentber 12 1K<)')
"Dear Father:-\Ve burie.l (Jeneral Wauehope an.1 Hftv of (he'men
of our brigade wlu. w.-re killed at MnRt-rsfontein this ..veniuLS and I
never felt so much lik.- cryinjr in my life.
"We swore a silent v.-nffcan.,. at the Kraves as the bo.lies, wrap.HMl
only m their blankets, were put into the ground, and <!od help the IJoers
when next the Highland pibn.ch sounds the char-e. (i,„I .-est the
Boers souls when the Highland bayonets get a.aong thos,. Dut.hmen,
for neither death nor hell will hold us back when wo got the cham'e
to use the steel on them.
«.„n" wT"! '*'"'" '"'"''''''■ *'"' ^'"y ^•^ ^'*'''«' "hot do«n. but then it is
war. Uhnt wo want, and the one thine we want, is i<. ,r..t at them or
at least see them. I didn't sw twentv Boers all that day "
"A long shallow grave was dug for the Oeneral and his men not
166
HOPE AND HIS HKHrLAXnERS
MAOERWFOXTEIX.
tl...y had die.l cursing 1 v't.:.. T:^^^^^ "" "T/".'" "' ' '«"
;.::; — ,7,'::;v,';;,,r''''"'' '"«'■ -' «• "■■ - '-"S
"Tl..; |.fl«r ,,l„,„l .Tl„. F|„,v,„ ,„ „,„ ,,„„„, „
We x,n.d no shots over the big grave, but after giving^the salu e wo
BURIAL OP GEXERAL irAUCHOPE.
I
i! i
166
V,.,.., a. ,- as an, ,.., ..f .■■'» .>™;, .^^^i-irr;'!:!" s;
i„,_r ,i„. tlmu-l.t iliat .nil- t.nu" wo.iM >•'! "">"
,„M th." stain of that !{ivat .lefoat ^ j
..Manv of ...... n..u .ri...! as t^ ?*;; ^ '^ , l.tf t..:.. If.
a sa.l tl.inj:, fatlu-r, ... s..o a ...an vvy, .;siHH..allj .t that .......
.,,„.• .■..!.i..u...t p.t .lu; wo,;s of .t. If.., '• V ^^ ^^^^^^^^
ll'is a WO...U.,- 1... was..-, sl.o. .low., l.-.j; b-fo.v l..> was. f..." ho >>.ts ..
»\iw. tii..^... anil the I{.pf.'s a.'o hai.ily shots.
: •; , .in.. ....w, I.... will soon b. o.. tl.o ....ar.l. afia.n. All ..
„... Ji^ ..1 a. . ....:.• f...' ...o.h. .• .o with th.. n....hn.o... hut wo w.mhl
U.. n , .. s.... .io.n. wh..n ... a.-o fl.h.i... .h..n., or a. l.-as kn...
i ...... .- l.Ma....l, so wo .an .ha,-,.. .h...n. Th.- l...;i^a.-s ..ns. ho n.
, .„..s a...l sh...,. ns .1..W.. as w.- ...n.o np, h... wl...n wo .-.n a
, , „,., ,,,,.„„., tlu.y .... ..,> a...l hn..rv away. Th.-y aro not ..-
! ,.iv.. a,..l .ak... al.h.a.cl. .h.-y an- hi*;' an.l h..a,.ty n,.... as a n.... NN 1. t
;,'.:v la.k H.O...S ... b. discipli..... a...i thoy .l..n'. liko ... li.'ht .n .ho
HR'U."
'WHY
1, |;SVT MH. m-LL COMK?"
Fnin. "Donvor Times."
Tl,o rni.od StatoK ..fforo.l its sorvicos as a n.o.lintor bt'twpon the
mJ^I F, iro .,,1 ho South Afri.-au lU.i...bli.., whi.h wore grntef..lly
Mr. Kr. tl(.r wai.intf f..r Kns;lan.l t<. .on.o wl. 1.. (n.lo Hnm Ih na.ij
Trvo tl.o Poa... s.rui.. \M John IMH <H.h.'t vmw.
Nl
I
K'twppn the
I' j;ratefully
used, saying
1 rcprcNcnta
I iH ready to
A TRANSVAAL VOLUNTREK. A NATIVE SOUTH AFRICANS COIFFUBB.
populatI^T/«vo'^u^io7aif !lISVatio?,^tl^^ '^i'i'^„^''' "*<^"' Pf'^-P'' -"l"^!! "^-^^^'y "X the advances of the Uitlander
necenary
Bod striag
NATIVE C01FFURE.-pne of the peculUr and fantastic methods of arranging the woolly heads of the native Africans. We<ks of natienl wort on »»,. f».rt „» »t,. —i.. i.
rirb/;dfu";^Xt'"meaXtheSol';t^^^^^^^^
LOSINa THE QUNS AT TUQELA R1VER.--The il'-t"tio„ show, the co„fu«^^^^
nit forces for another attack.
liifH
CHAl'TKI! XVr.
OENERAL BULLKR KWKI'T HACK FROM THE TUOEI.A IlIVEU
WITH STUPENDOUS U)SSES.
HEN (K'ncrul Sir Hcdvcrs Bullcr i-tMcivcd his most
tlisastrmiK clu-c k at tlic IiuiuIh of (lie Hocis at the
(•rossiii}; of tlic TiiKchi l{ivcr, uwir ('oleiiso, on
the l.jtli of DiMcinbi'i', all Eii};laii(l wan Htrickcn
with aiiiazi-niciit, for, n«»xt to Fifld Mairlial I/ml
Kobeit«, he was the pride and hope of the Em-
pire. Tlie main eolumn destined for the relief
of LadyHmitli wa« nnder the ininiediale command
of (leneral Sir Cornelius Francis Cler.y, but (Jen-
eral Huller directed its movemer.is, and when it
met with defeat the Conimander-in-diief manfully took all the blame
nimu himself, (ieneral Hnller desired to force the passajje of the
Tufjela in order to fret at the burghers who were so industrious anil
active toward the north, fi.r nothing of imixn-tance could be achieved
until the British forces were on the opposite or northern banks.
The colony of Natal had bei'n invaded by the B(M>rs on October 12,
just after the declaration of war. They had worked southward and
were so a^Kressive that early in November the British were forced to
evacuate ''olenso, the ;;arrison there falling back upon Estcourt. For
a time the latter phue was threatened and it seemed as if Estcourt
would be placed in a state of siege similar to Ladysniith. This southern
movement on the itart of the Boers seems to have been a ruse of wily
('ommandant-(}eneral .loubert to divert the attention of the Britisii
while he intrenched himself at T>ij,'ela Uiver, in order to more effect-
ually opjjose passajjt' "f that stream.
Almost imnuiliately after the arrival of General Buller in Africa
transport after transport laden with English troops et/iniaenced to
arrive at Cape Town, and the reinfopceiaents were hurried as fust as
possible to join the force under General Clery, which had under im-
perative orders, huiTieil In advance of the Commander-in-Chief toward
16S
1 adysmith. Tli(> problem of the passage of the Tiigela was recognized
as a most serious one, as the BiM-rs had securely entrenched themselves
a', the ford>l)le places, which were very few in number. In addition
to this, the river was very high, unusually treacherous, and possessed
the most favorable banks on the iu»rthern side for defense in all South
Africa, a point of which General Joubert did not fail to take advantage.
The losses of the English at the Tugela Crossing, or Colenso, as
the engagement is known generally, were frightful, aggregating 1,145,
by far the heaviest in any action. Nearly one hundred otHcers and men
were killed on the tield, ;{4S were missing and (>!)!) wounded, an unusu-
ally large i)roportion of the latter seriously.
(Jeneral Clery's force was 10,000 strong, with 5,000 others imme-
diately in his rear at Frere Station, which latter point General Buller
reachwl on December 5. The new bridge being completed there the
forces moved toward Ladysniith as far as Camp Clieveley. General
Buller's force, when he arrived at the Tugela Crossing, wasfully 15,000
the Boers being of about the same strength under « Jeneral Scholkeu-
berger, si-cond in command under General Joubert, who was seriously
indisposed.
Away to the east of the railway went the cavalry under Lord
DuudouaM and several of the batteries. Hart's Fusiliers went off to
the west and with them field guns and cavalry. The Thirteenth Hussars
were on the right (east) and the Koyals on the left, but neither of the
crack regiments had much beyond the part of lookers-on to play that
day.
General Ilildyard hud the post of honor, the attack upon the center,
where the Boer works were nearest and strongest, and with the Qt e. "'?
Ov! (Ml the light and the Devons fn^m Cheveley on the left he advt ■-. - a
leisutely.
The men were in open ■ •;• r, eight pacea or so apart, and moTed
170
(;/:'.\7-A'.//. IHI.LEK SlIliirii.lCK IVITH STLPEXUOUS LOSSES.
onward with itcrfccl (Ircssinjr, iiliimst tmi in-rfcil for tin- joli on liaml.
Hcliiiid till' West SuiTcv, or (2iU'i'n\ in support \V(i>' pai't of li ■ West
Yorks, wliilc till' Dcvons liad tlii' I'.ast Suirfv in fcaf.
Major (iciu'ial Hart made his detour in advance toward Hridlc
IM'ift in closer foiiiialion. Iniic'il his men were canj{lit niuler fife in
(juartef-coinnin and cidunm of roni oi' soULethin); like it.
Lord l>iindonald nuule a wide circle to ;;et upon the slopes of tlie
rou};h hills wliidi run iH>rth toward IMeters t'rossinj; and expose the
flanks of the Colenso lines. With him was most of the -olonial cavalrv.
The Hritish front extended fnlly six miles, r./'t inclndin<; the cavalrv
flankers.
The action was liejjnn shortlv hefore (i a. iii, l>v the naval contin^'ent
firinfi lyddite and ll'-ponnders. Heavily did they pound Uie Hoer
trenches njion their front, (irohler's Hill, and the lesser ridfies from
Fort Wylie northward, but not an answer came b;(( k from he liters.
Forward proceeded the infantry, while the Nalal Carhim' . s, South
African !.ij;ht Horse, Thorneycroft's Mounted Infantry aiid the Kin>;'s
Mounte<l Infantry advanced to Hlaniiwane Hill. Ma jor < ieneral Mild-
yard's (Queens and Devons were nearinj; the plate layers and other ..>ti«-
lyinj; houses of ("olenso.
Colonels l.on;; and Hunt had ciuue into line with their three Held
batteries, and Lieutenant .lames, I{. N., with his six huifi naval 12-
pounders, was iloinj: his bi'st with ox wauons to ranp' alonfjside of
them. Major <ieneral Barton's Hriuade. on the riyht of Hildyard',s, was
d(nn>; nothing: in jmrtienlar, with the exception of part of the Scottish
and Irish Fusiliers, who y:ot, later on, well into the heat of the fray,
The fleld batleri<s upon Hildyard's rijiht nuf,'lit have been moving
down the Ion,!.' valley, .Mdershel, so excellently were they ali,i;u.(! over
the downward slojies. They rinubled loward the tiiiilierfrili][;ed bank
of the TuKela, half a mile east of ('(deiiso. <'<donel l.oni; was deter-
mined his fjiins should not be outclassed and was, with too ^reat hard!
hood, brinsiinir them within 1,")(MI yards of Fort Wylie. Indeed, he
(mtpaced the infantry escort.
At t>:20 o'clock in the morniu'; suddenly there burst an awful crash
of Hoer musketry u](on tin batteries and advamiu^' infantry, Devons
and (Jueens. The rattle of Mausers swelled, and was maintained as one
coutintnius roar from within <i(H) yards. From buildiniis and lines of
trenches sonth of the river, and from the river bank itself, the HoerN
tired, and from trenches on the northrvi. -idp of tic
(ijehi and from
lort Wylie ami elsewhere they sent out a hurricane of leaden hail.
The bullets venonniusly rained ujioji the jjrround in all di-octioiii',
r.iisin;; pulTs of dust am) tearinj; the air wiiu shiill kouikIs. I weiiied
i!i-.;i(i,ssibU' that iinythinj; coiUd face and live in that Are. Few iiavc
CUT s>'e!» so lie,)' y and dei;iily a fusillade, but neitlier the llriiiili
frnnners nor ii-.'." l^^•v hcitatel or winced.
The cannon v.:)"' ■ftiteleil into )).iition, although many horses and
UH'U were shot down ere Hit: niuiwnver was completed.
('h)Her and elos* i i-i'lki^l the tioldieit* to the Uinn- trenches, jjettiiiK
within 40l> yards i.f ihe learest iifle jiits. l.yinii down they thci' re-
turned the tire, btil there was little or iiothin}; to be seen to aim at,
for the Hoevt; kep; liieiu-ielves carefully hitlden behiml trees, in Iremiieh
or behind walls, ll had not been susjM'cted that the Boers had m. n-
lured to eoustrnot eover upon the south side of the river.
Lonir and Ihtut foujjht their fjuns, shejlin;; the ridjj;es across tiie
Tup;ela lor over an hour. Fort Wylie and the adjacent st(Uiy crest were
swept with tdirapnel, but the Hoer fire from other points of vantaj;<'
}jrew in voliinie dui'Inj; the temporary ]iaciflcation by shell of Fort
Wylie.
Tile Mansers of the Hoers did their work all too well, and >{radnally
iwo of lion^i's batteries were put out of acticui, but not before he and
■Innt had been wounded, as well as most of the ollicers ami men. The
horses had been shot down and others brought np to relieve the jjuns
shared their fate. The naval battery and the third field battery were
able to withdraw to a safer position.
Meanwhile the Oevons and the (Queens had driven tlie Hoers out of
the plate-liiyers and other houses, atid had iiiana;;ed to clear the enemy
out of Colenso village. Several of the Hoer trenches had also been
carried.
Backward and forward wove the shuttle of death from the tri^ncheK
coverinj; the low pronnd and foothills and the walle<l crests across the
Tufiela. The Hoer lines were crowded with riflemen, and the flash anil
piifT of innsketry ran ever np and down their front.
The Hritish naval fi'tis in the center, helped now and then in a
(losultory way by others, hanunered away at tlie Hoer trenches. Five
minutes after they opened with their rifles the enemy's fjunners fol-
lowed suit with half a score of cannon. The English infantry au^- • ;■;•
I ■'.■■
\- horses ami
DrotecAh^mM^fmm^h,' fi,!'llf'J5"**^-~'^''> illustration show, effectively the manner of fighting from an armored train
i^S^t:f.^!V:!^^S''Jltf^^''?.''^l^°^''r'.V'ootag»m^riaefir^. Vhe illustration is'Vrom^ drawing ™The«mm?;^ _^ .„._._ . „..„,
foTtt reiie> oflidtSlair-^MucrieVTre^filhi^^^ AWc'rthtour.lr.'r "f'.'vf " J^"?'P ""r" ""^ ,"?'"' '»"'' of tre~riv*er7rh«s'o,;;'nlng nplhe wi;
placed between twoiarmored car. to ptiveat^^ mffaa^ible iU Sng ntoi^^^^^^^^ enemy *"'""'• ^" """"'"^ "^ °"' °' "'** '™'" »'"= "P-e is^generallj
■am. The sides of the car are sufficiently high to
Tiored train that passed over the new trestle bridge
; north bank of the river, thus opening up the way
o v — ts oS
= Ti 7 " •£ 2
E J «' « « I
o e ;* «' a
:,r= »'•
its
*3
£5j
Ma
•■rf-j
,2§2PS.i
,s=»
»•!?
UB
OSf
3ZUtS»
I !
?lg
S^-g.2
ioSs
GENERAL DULLER SWEPT HACK IVITII STUPENDOUS LOSSES.
173
tpiit's were iiliiwcd with (i-iiicli Cri'iiHiit hIicIIh, Icnkit KrupiiH, and (lie
ug(,'riivatiiig nit-a-lat-tut of tin- 1 piMiiulei- Maxims ami Ilotcliliiss ma-
chiuo caiiiioii.
Tilt' Irisli liiinHdc, )liri)ii>{li no fault of llic nicnV, was Monu-wliat
late. PoMKibl.v the map wan wionnl.v drawn upon wliicli Major (Iciu'ral
Hart baHcd IiIh plans. .\t any rate, where he th(»n},'lit, was the main
river only a bewilderinfj Hprnit interjioNcd.
Down towiiid the Hoer trenches and works lie led ids men as if on
parade, far within actual jKiintblank raufje of tlu' .Mausers, in dose
formation. The brif^ade had a witherinj; tire jioured in'.o it and its
nccompanyin!^ cavalry and batteries.
A swinjj; to tlie left was made by the Irish brif,'nile, and (Jeneral
Lyttleton pushed on a little way to lend support. Consumed with
wrath, the Dublin and Inniskilliu}; Fusiliers hurried forward, backed
by the C'ounaufjht Kaufiers and the Inuder rej.;iment. Swift and straifjlit
they swept down throU},'h the lonj; };rass toward the Tufjela. It was
ab(uit 7 a. ni. With as fierce and prolonj,'ed a rille fire as had {{reefed
llildyard's brifiade the IrLshnu-n had to deal. Down upon them also
descended lOO-iMHinder shells fnun tlie lofty hill west of (!(d)lers. I'Mve
hundr'<l yards of Hoer trenches were passed <tver, and Bailer himself
watched them with admiration. The (Seneral, however, was re<alle(l to
llildyard's brif>ade by tlu' news that the enemy from the river banks,
which was held in larjje numbers, was sweeping the batteries and the
second brigade.
From H a. in. to 11 a. m. the fight was general, and fiercest nil ahmg
the line. Hildyartl's and Hart's brigades had suffered long before that
hour, but the later hours had heavier trials for all. The colonial cavalry
had advancHl to lllangwane, to find the Boers in strength there before
them. More, they had guns in jiosition upon that rough hill and the
larger range beyond. They fought bravely and even without the sup-
port they might liave counted upon from Lord Dundonald and (ieneral
Barton— but did not get either timely or generously, or, indeed, at all,
and had to retire.
By 7:15 a. m. the Irish brigade had driven the Boers to the north
bunk of the Tugela. They found (hat the enemy had planted the ground
with barbed wire entanglements. Even in the bed of the river barbed
wife liJid been laid.
Down into the river went the Dublins, Iniskillings, Borderers and
Connaughts. It was found there was no drift or ford. The Boers had
cunningly daninied the river, and there was ten feet of water where it
was ordinarily but knee deep, so that many a fine fellow with bis weiglit
of ammunition and accoutrements, was drowned.
It was a desperate and seiious sitiutti(m. The attack upon the
right was nuiking no luogress, and Hart's men had reached an apparent
impasse, but there were furious, angry Irishmen who resolved to get
across sonu'liow by dint of .scrambling frcun rock to rock and swimming.
.\ number won the other side, yet most f(Uind that they had but i)assed
across a winding s[>ruit. The Tugela still lay in front, and all tlie wliile
the murderous tire of cannon and Mausers craslied and comrades fell
weltering in blood.
The naval guns did their best but tlie Boer gunners devoted their
attention almost ex<lnsively to slaughtering the British cavalry, field
artillery and infantry.
Lord Boberts' son, with raptains Kchofleld and Cougreve of the
stalT, volunteered to riih out and endeavor to save the two field batter-
ies in the open. Headily other vtdunteers were found, t'orporals, lines-
men and drivers of the amniuiii*iou wagons, taking spare teams, gal-
loped out, and men and luirseb u, is began fulling on every side. Young
Boberts was blown uji with a .•<!i' il, iiud the attempt failed.
The end was near. Although Lyttleton's brigade moved closer for-
ward to Hart's and Hildyai'd'H support about noon, yet, there being no
apjireciable advance made in any direction, (Jeneral (lery ordered a
retirement.
Several detaclied jiarties frcun Hart's brigade at Bridle Drift to
lllangwane learned too late that they had been left unsupported and
many were captured.
Fourteen of the Devons, with Colonel Bullock, Major MacWalter,
Captains (ioo<lwin and Vigors, with fourteen gunners, including Col-
onel Hunt, lay in the same donga as Captain Congreve until 5 p. m.
They liope<l, like many more, to keep the enemy from carrj-ing off the
guns and to slip away M'w-rj'--ilve8 after sunset, but a complete retire-
ment had been effected by the brigades actively engaged.
By 4 p. m. the fight was practically at an end. The English naval
guns, however, fired occasionally, but the battle was practically over.
(ieneral Buller was most manly, direct and soldierly in making his
report to the War Office in London on the battle, not even censuring
:il
I
174
cr.xr.K.if. nci.i.iiR sirr.rr n.icK with stcpexdol's lossf.s.
('(ilmit'l Louff, ('oniiiiiindiiij.' tlic ai-lillt'iv, wlmsi' rnsliiics^ was ivs|i(iiis-
iblc for the loss of I lie clcvi'ii i;iiiis, lliiil l.tnifi bci'ii alilc lo use liis
artillery tlic Hritish lossi-s would have Ix-cii jrrcatly iniiiiiuizcd. I.ou^
was ainoii}; tlic dani:<'roiislv woiiiidt'd.
tit'Ui'ral Hullcr's full oHicial rcjioi'l was as follows:
"riicvcli'V Caiiip. I»iiciiil(cr ir>, JS'.Mt, <>:-'(» o'clock |(. m.
"1 n-iirct to rcporl a vcr.v serious reverse. I nio\ed in full sll'euj;th
from our caui|>, located uear ( "lievelev, at 4 o'clock this uiorniii^. There
aiv two fordahic jdaces In the Tuf;ela Kiver, and it was iiiy iiitentiou
to force a itassa;re tlirou};h at one of tlieui. 'I'hev are aliout two miles
ai)arl.
"Mv intention was to force one or ilie other with one hrijiade,
sujiported by a central hriirade. (ieiieral Hart was to attack the left
drift, tieneral llildyaid the ri;;hl road and (ieiieial l-.vtileton was to
take the center and support either. ICarly in the day I saw that (ieneral
Hart would not he ahle to force a passa^re and I directed hiui to with-
draw. He had, however, attacked with <:reat ^allinitry, ami his leading;
battalion, the ('onnau;ilit l!anj.'ers, I fiar, sulTered a f^reat ileal, i'ldonel
I. <i. Hrooke was seriously wouuded.
"1 then ordered (ieneral Hildyard to advance, which he did, and
hiH Iciidinfi regiment, the Kast Surrey, occupieil ("oleiiso Station iind
the houses near the brid;:e. At that moment I heard that the wlnde
artillery I had seni to support the attack the Fourteenth aii'l Sixty-
sixth field batteries and six naval t welve-piuinder (|Uick-lirers, under
Colonel Lonj; — had advanced <lose to the river in l^onji's desire to be
within effective ranf,'e. It ju'oved to be full of the enemy, who suddenly
oiM'ued a fialliu}.' fire at close ratine, killiiif; all their horses, and the
};unners were compelled to stand to their jjuns. Some of the wa^on
teams };ot shelter for troops in a don;;a, and desperate elTorts wei'e beinji
made lo brinj; out the field ^'un.
"The fire, however, was too severe, and only two were saved by
t'a])tain Schofield and .some drivers whose names I will furnish.
"Another most jiallant atteiupt with three teams was made by an
officer whose name 1 will obtain. Of the eifjliteen horses thirteen were
killed, anti as several ilrivers were wouuded, I wiuild not allow another
attempt, as it seemed that they wcnild be a shell mark, sacrilii iuf; life to
a (jallant attempt tct force the passage. ( nsnpported by artillery, I
directed the troops to withdraw, which they did in good order.
"Throujihout the day a considerjible forcp of tl«» ■ : "my was press-
ing on my I'ight flank, but was kept back
/iiiiieii UM II miller Lord
I)uiii|om>M ami jiart of l ieneral Marlon's brigade.
"'i'he day was intensely hoi and most Iryin;.' on the troops, whose
cominct wa-. excellent. We have abandoiu'd ten guns and lost by shell
lire ou<'. The losses in (ieneral Hart's brigade are, I fear, heavy, al-
though !.'.•' ]iropoi-|ion of seven'ly wounded, I hope, is not large. The
fuiirteen'li and Sixly-si.xth Held l)alteries also suffered severe losses.
We 'lave retired to our camp at (."hevelev.
•in lAAm,
"i ieiu'ral ( 'ommandiiig."
(ieneral Jonbert was ill at the time this action was foughi, and
(ieneral Schalkeiilierger was in active command, although the Com-
mandant-lieneral of the Koer forces had laid out the lines upon which
the defense was lo be conducted.
(ieneral Schalkenberger's official sti.ry of ihe action, as sent lo
I'resideiil Kruger at I'reti'fia, was brief but pointed. In it he said:
"Colenso, December K!, IS!(<».
"Friday at dawn the loiig-ex|)eeled day arrived. The Pretoria de-
tachment of artillery gave the alarm. (Ieneral Hulier's l.adysmith
relief column was in l)atll(> array, advancing on our |Hisitioii, close to
Ihe Tiigi'la and Colenso. The center consisted of an immense trnwd of
infantry, flanked on both sides by two biitferies, with strong bodies of
cavalry su])])ortiiig. Our artilhiv j>reserved ab-^olute silinie, not dis-
closing its position. IVo batti "s came with i rifle distame of our
foremosi position, and ilu itanger ilien o])eiii tire with deadly effect.
Our artillery also oj)eneo ,iml apparently alisolutely confused the
enemy, who were allowed to think Ihe bridge was open for them lo
cross. Their right Hank in the meantime attacked our southernmost
posiiioii, but the .M iser • '.»• I'i'e was so trei.' udous that 'I'cy were
rolled back like a spent wave, leaving ridges ,i..d ridges of dead and
dying humanity behind.
"Again the British advanced to the attacl: ut again fell back,
swelling the heaps of dead. The cavalry chared to ;lie river, where
Ihe Ermolo commando deliveriHl sncli '. irderor fire that two bat-
teries of cannon liaii to be atMindoned, w: ■ ii; faiien into our p..-
session. T»\tee the British essayed to b"' ; hi to remove them.
WHS prcsN-
iiiiili'i' liori!
((I|»H, wllONC
Kst li,v nIicII
, lii'iivv, nl-
liii';,'c. Till'
Vi'Vi' loHSCS.
IXKIt,
landiuK-"
'diikIii, iiiid
(111' <'(iiii-
ii|Miii which
as sent 1(1
K' said:
IC, 1S!I!(.
'rt'dii'ia <I('-
l.ailvsiiiiili
1)11, I lose to
M> il'dWll of
ijr hiiitics <if
CI', not dis-
inn- of our
•adl.v cITcct.
i>fiis('d the
'or thciii to
iilhcriiiiiost
'licy were
if (h-ad iiiid
1 fell back,
ivcr, where
nt two hat-
ill) (iiir i>.
iiovc them.
trt3^J}?J^^h.J^.^}^:TM?I^ ""f "!*■■» destroyed the Natal railway bridges at Ladysmith and Colensn th. B^ rr~. .,„.„i„.i ^,^ ^^ materUIlv »«I-t-1 ! f
depic[rthed;pT;mK;rea;u;o7WS^efthrw"o'Snde'^^^ The photograph 'trntWul^
m.de with comfort and .a.. A. the N.U. ^uiU'^rraV^aSl £Sr41;a?t1.rT^^ i^"- hfe t^e^|?sX?a;i^^^^^^^^^
FBCBE BRKME iestroved by the Boer.. After the outbreak of hortilitiei the Boers entered Natal in (treat force and had several engagements with the British,
Th.v » W.nc^ as far east m E^tcourt VhtWa lar« force of the British were encamped. Upon their retreat to Colenao. wUere thev made a stan.rjfie Boers destroyed many
Thev advanced "'""»'" ^;^?'"|L,°Jt„"Lt^^^ j^e advance of the BrilislT The^rere Bridge was their first object of destruction and which they successf ally
^'^ZnTJh?/ I is^t^"ed stout Srtv miles fr^ratdvsmith^^^^^^^^ River, and consisted o1 two span, of one hundred feet each. Re.P|.iring the bridge being
P"^.l?^iipJLU'^he nrUish enSnee« succeeded in erecting a trestle bridge across the river alongside Jbe wrecjcage.^.nd^by wmch^the__Bntish tj_oo_t«. artiflery^ana
w"gons"were enabled to effect a crossiBg aa aouu •« iUe adv.uc* W lUe reliM ot i^jSBiita wm maue. ihc unu8= wud i>«i!i ;, ...» .-.a. « „ 1
material entailing great ezpeUK.
GENERAL BVl.LER SWEPT BACK WITH STUPES DOVS LOSSES.
ITT
The lltHf time tiloy sti('(<>.>(lf'(l In liidliliiir ,,n lo one (uiiihmi, iiikI on llic
m-ciiiul Mini the Ikuhch ami iiii'ii fell in a lii-ii|). Tlicn Hit- ItiiliHli wi'ii'
in fnll ri'trcat t(i tlicir i-ani|>, wIkmkc tlic.v Hcnt a iicav.v wlirainifl (lie
on Itiilwcr liiiilni'. an.iSM llic Tiitjcla. to prcvcnl tin- ImiihIhts I'loni re-
covfi'in}; lilt' cannon.
"Tlic l'"icn.|i allaclii', S'illcliojs. and tlio Ocnnan atlacln-, Kninn,
Ha.v (111- tifflit cunld imi Iia\i' lircn ini|ii'ov''(l M|ion li,v tlic arnili'M of Kii-
i^M"'- <!• niis llotlia and 'hiilmrl were alwii.vH nt llif nioNt danncr-
ous jioints of tlit> lly^litinir. Kli-vm anilmlanrcM r ovfd (lie Kn},'liMli
dead and wonndnl.
"Snrli a licnii'ndons cannonadi' liaN seldom Itccn licai-d. Tlii'
voldt for niilcH was covi'icd with dead and wonndcd. It waH a mimt
cnisliin;: UilliHli dclVal. Nino of tlif cannon Inivc nincc been Itronjjlit
acioMH the river. Tlic IJiitisli ankcd for and were granted a twenlyfonr
hours' iirniislice.
"Onr loHses were (hilly killed and wonmled.
"S<'ii.\MvKNm:u(ii:i{."
The Hoer Iohhch were much j;reater than reported by tleneral
Schalkenlierjjer, a;;;:re;:atini; altont tifl.\ killed and lli.") wounded.
In char}!;!!!!; and retreatiiii; tlie MrliHli were coiiipelled to force
their way across the lire zone under a |M'rfect slorni 4(f liiilletH from
♦ he invisible Uoers, who not only elitreiiclied tlieniselves on the north
bank, bnt located tlieiiiselvcH in various port ions of the river bed where
the water was shallow. The Second Urijjade siilTere<l most when the
dry plain before the river was reached, where the patter of the bullets
on the dry earth raised the dust like heavy drops of water. The heat
was intense and overpoweriii};.
The cavalry under l-ord Dnndonnld, which niinht have been used
in thwart intj the counterattack of the Hoers on the ri^lit, was cnpipnl
in nssnilinfi a strong position in the earlier imH of the battle, and was
badly use<l. It was finally put to some use in jirotectin}; the riuht tlank
dtirinK the retreat, and made a fine record. The capture of Lotifr's -{uns,
and Dundonald's futile charjjes, were the closing Ineifleuts of a (lis-
aslrons day for the Ilritisb.
The Dutch defense was clearly most cleverly conducted. The Hoer
h.'ittpriea reTno.inwl silont for a lop.u time liuder !i heavv f?re .ind their
liositioBH were not unniasketl until the British tr«i!.[w were exposed
wit limit cover. Then the biirjjliers opened up and slaughtered the Vaxh-
lish at will.
The oldest war corresp.indentH said tliev had never s i anythin-'
.ompaiabh. with the deadly lire |H>iired upim the Uritish, ami the bra>"
ery of the latter displayed in tlie face of It . The Hi-itish moiint.Ml infan.
fry and irregular corps, with two batteries of artillery, manat;' d to take
IheCidenso road bridfje, and in fact eventually ciosmhI ihe river, but
thi- Moer rille tire previ-iited them from pushin^r „„, j,,„| ,|„. |,„',,,,,.v
was abandoned.
The naval coiitiiijj;eiit created an immense furore, eiijianinj,' the
Hoers sin^'lehiiiide<l, and liailinjr slirapnel and Ivddite shells on the
fort iticat ions rnuth of tlie town in a vain ..ITiu't to silence the murderous
Jhv of lh<- iloei-s while the Mritisli forct^l the passage of llie river, but
Ihe ciinniiifj burghers were too well proteclt>d to be dislodged.
The p..riod between December lOtli and IHth, ISIMI, lM.,aine known
as "black week- in i:iiy;laiid because of Ihe tlir.H' reverses occurring
within that time, and the country was thrown into the {rreatest -loom
and desiKindency, although urKin- the tJovernment lo take measures,
nt any and every cost, to brin;,' out final victory. Tlie receipt of the
news in London of the battle at the Tunela Hiver rrossinn was at once
foll(.we.l by a Cabinet nieetintr at which it was decided to send Fiehl
-Marshal Hoberts of Candahar to su|)ersede Sir IJedvers Huller as com-
mander-in-chief, with Lonl Kilchem-r of Khartoum as chiefof-stai:, it
beinK announcinl, however, that no fault was found with (Jeneral Hul-
ler. Inasmuch as he had his hands full in Natal, the Cabinet did not
think it wise, it was said, to either remove him or widen his sphere,
which was the reason Lord Hoberts was to be sent to overlook the con-
duct of the entire c«mi)ainn.
At the same time orders were issued from the War Oflice to in-
crease the force in South .Vfrica to over 200,000 men— a fjreater arniv
than Knuland had ever put into the field in all her history? The Duke
of Wellington never commanded ,-)0,000 Hrilish soldiers in his life, and
although during the War of the Hevolntion in America the British sent
over, all told, 150,000 men to tight the Colonists, such a force was never
here at one time, and was not entirely comiM)sed of native-born Britons.
Field Marshal Fmlerick Sleigh Roberts, Baron Hoberts of Canda-
har ami the City of Waterford, V. C, (i. C. U., K. (i. C. S. L, was known
to his soldiers— to all the soldiers of the British Empire— as "Little
cr.xr.R.u. pru.r.R suT.rr n.icK wirii stvpf.xdovs lossfs.
fi-
lls
l?„l,s" Few men W(MV .'vor l.oiu.icl lii|ili.'r in Hi." .■v.'H of tli.' ni.tioii,
a„aH from Marll.on.u-h i.n.l WcUin-.on. A av.uM in i.ow.t, Ins slatur..
was tl.Mt of a l.ii:tHV. Lii;.' KitcluMUT, In- nin.o of a li};l.tin}; sK.ck. Uoth
vv,.iv sons of "iiilant otlir.Ts of llio Itvitisli anny. Lonl Hobcrts was tlioii
.ixtv-s..v..n v.-ars ol,l. and l>is arniv .-xiu'ricnc' .lat.'.l from his Iwentiotli
xv.r wli.M. lu- was •■onnnissioiu'd a iicnt.'nant. Six years ..f varip.l ex-
■....rion.o in tl.o s.-rvi.o in India sl.owod his <,nalith.s to his sni,ono,-s
.ni.l ,ans..d what In- .all...! "his most won.h.rfnl ju.mo of fjood f.n'tnno,
,„ ,,„i„„nont on tho staff of (l.-n.-ral Chan.lx.rlain .■ommand.ns a
llvin.' ..dunM.. whon tho mutiny of IMT hrokQ out. Ho was at IMh
aiul at Ln.know- in ^l.ort. wln'rovor thore was ti!:htin}i «o.n(i "n-and
for i..M-sonai ^^allantry in tl,o res..,." of a om.fad.. he won the ..ovetod
^ '' ''n,!'r!.''weiv nine vears of .luiet for Roberts after the mutiny, then
«,.rvi.e as asMstanl ;,uart<.nnaster ^'eneral under Lord Xap.er in the
Al.vssinian expe.lition. until in 1S7S the Afghan war .anu-. Koberts
„„:„ a h»al Major <!......> al. was ,daeed in eommand of an exped.t onai>
fone ordered to Karan. Me found the Afghans a. IMewar Kota en-
,,,,.,„.,„„, .,„ ^, ,„,.,ipito.. uu.untain 2,0(10 fe<-t h...M,, in a formnlable
position, and with :!,400 l' a won a splendid vietory.
Laf.r there was n.or;. troubh in Af^'hanistan. and then it was that
„„„.„,,, K„„erts made the mar.h to the -'ief of (andaha.-, one of the
,i,u.st ineideuts in military hisfry. Starting from Kabul « th 10,0(^0
;,^!d nen, he disap.H.ared in the wilderness for a r.OO-m, e mar. i.
whil.. the w loh. w..ri;i wait..d. Three w.-eks later he em..rged from the
tra.kless region, his .•omman.l uuharm.'d by the Affihnn armies, nn.l
the saf.'ly ..f Candahar his ivwar.i. I.ater lu- was .•..miiiamler in .hief
in Natal and In.lia, ami was in Ireland when onU'rcl to South Afri.a.
(ien.'ral Lord Il.'ibert llorati.i Kit.heii.-r was but f.irly-sev.'ii wh.-n
sent t.) S<.nth Afri.a with I'Mel.l Marshal H<d)erts, but possesse.l Hi."
eontiden.t" .)f the military anthoriti.'s in the hi}{h."st de^'r.'.". lie >yas
named "the man of .•.•rtainties" tor the making of the loii},' eampaip;n
in th." Soudan with.mt a single mistake, f.)r h." r.'fiise.l to m.«v." a ste|)
before he was enlirely r.'a.ly. He, as well as H.di.-rts, w..u his iM'.'raj,'."
by his vi.tori."H. ami was Sirdar of Kiiypt b.'fore s..nt fnrth.-r t.. the
South. His .•ar."."r was n.it .'.mfine.! ."ntiri-ly t.. th.' army. Aft<"r tlir.".'
vears of a li.-ut."nan.y he went into .ivil s.-rvi..', btit in 1882 h." off."iv<l
iiis serviees t.> tlu' Kfjyptian army when there was a .hane." of active
fi.rhtin". He had a.<inir.Hl a tine km.wledf;." "f Arabic, and used it with
splen.li'l r..sults, for to him was lar};."ly intrust."d th.- r.'.irtjani/.aliou of
the E^'vptian s.ddi.-rv. H." had spl.'n.lid ."apa.ity f..r this, ami br.)U}{ht
the nu-n up to th." liiKh.-st standar.l. Many battl.'s ami vi.tories were
ereilited to him in th." wars in Kjiypl an-l th." Soudan in th." 'SOs, an.l
what h." dl.l th."!! pr.'par.'.l him for his su..'."ssfnl eampainns of I.SilS,
wh.'n h." .rnsh.d the Mahdist pow.-r ai Omdurman. His fiivat tal."nt
was in the wav .if .iruanizathm and preparation, for wli.'U h.- was r.-a.ly
t.> nl..^.", nothin- was l.-ft und.m.". He saw t.. ..v."rythinfi. ami his troops
w."r." always th." best f.".l, i •*< elothe.l and best ...n.lition.-d in the Urit-
ish i<rmv.
*
armies, ami
idcr in cliicf
itli Africa,
•seven wlien
osseHsed llie
('. lie was
iji; cainpaiK"
move a step
I Ills peerajje
iitliei- to the
After tliree
82 lie offered
nee (if active
I nsed it with
jranizaliou of
nnd hrouftht
ictories were
the 'SOs, and
ijins of l.SDS,
I }{reat talent,
lie was ready
ind his troops
d ill the nrit-
ru '*^f,ft^ ^"'* "h^P^ RANDOLPH CHURCHILL."-One of the big naval guns landed at Durlan for transportation to the front was christened "Ladv Randnlnh
Chur,..iill' m honor of the services that lady haj rendered the soldiers. Captain Percy Scott, cnimaiider at the poiTof Durban, d-sS the raUtru^^^ '
was mounted and transported to the front. The uun is of 4.7 inch culiher n f»«r».pH n.n.rai r,.ii.,.., . !:: .: L u. _°' :ii!_?.°^". °*.™","".. "" "'"f" '"e.g."?
BuUer';
nimily caused the relief-Qf Ladysmi.h. The illustw-on her4 given shows the gun in Msttton at Coienso.lp^YruaVy T.'when^UasTil in shelliue llle B^^^
In the foreground, standing side by side, are General Barton and Captain Percy Scott, the latter with his am pointing/watching the effect of the fir?.
1^
f.-s-s
l-«g
Croi
, and
nga
m i
^ V R m
^f^l 1
ider,
neve
h tn
impa
mmai
oops
Bnlis
MM
8^^.a 1
Boer
rilish
owst
rives
v«
n-a X ■
V
•a "a ■
1
W.'
u-° °J3 ■
e int
■y of
ustra
shed
A
5s=ii
/v -^
«2^.2
^
as :4
%
« --o >>
^x
*- £-2
*i
.1-11
1^
a-g'S.S
^ssa
the
nne
pera
latt
troo
m
null
nl (A u ^ ■
e^ag ■ 1
Icti
::: a}'-'i3 ■
n,
» .1 S a a
»i! a a ■
' )
■.i«^ 1
Rober
Boers
e's for
:. Th.
(■nil
(ii>ii
Lord
The
Cronj
ngfire
of (
will
1. Ȥ| I
f(ir<-
TT-
rdfi
lose
nst
WilH
HT A
ilh ha
they c
kagai
in ri
Hide
lm<I
^ a s "
'-'un'
"ii-^
xSa
Oeu(
3^3
e B *
u C i4
Sa B
B e-c.2
8* S a
» c o-a
"2 " B
3."' S S
.¥-•5 3
V u S
■c^ii ■
O Q <A
«*-„..
sill
CHAPTER XVII.
FIELD MAUSIiAI. LOUD ROBEKTS TAKES sri'REME fOMMAXD
—THE lUMTISIl DISASTER AT SPION KOI'.
^JJE next (liiiptcr in tlic }{rcii( war epic wiis tlit-
' disiistci' iit Spidii K,i|», iihiiiKl.niwl by ((oiu'i-ul
IJuIIci'n forces after it hail Iteeii {gallantly cup-
till'ed with severe loss. It was in coiiseiiiience of
this (hut (ieiieial Hiiiler, toi-cllKr with (lenenil
Wai'i'ell, was made the s.ilijeet of such severe
cridiisiii on the pait of Field .Maishal Lord Roli-
erts. (ieneial Hnller was Matl.v accused of ii.,i
. . ,?j^ iM'iun stronjj eiioiifjh lo control his otticers, who de-
.^J^i^>-^ liheiiilely ijitiored his . .ders.
Iniinediately afterOeneral Hnller's reverse at<'olenso,on theTiiKela,
(he Hritish Caliinet de(erinine(l (o niak<' a chaufje in (lie };ener»l com-
mand of the South African forces, and accordin<rly (he followinj^ hnl-
letin was issued by the War Office in London on the in}ih( of December
17, 18!t!»:
"As (he (iinipaiffir in Xaial, in (he opinion of Her Majesly's Ooi-
f'rnnien(, is likely (<> leipiire (he presence and undivided a((ention of
OeiH'ral Sir Redvers Midler, it has be<'ii de.ided to send Huron Roberts
of Candahar and Waterford as coniinanderiii'hief in Soiid, .\frica,
with Lord Kilcheiier as chief of s(a(T."
It was also (h'cided (o send emuifih men (oSondi Africa (o raise the
forces then' (o I'Od.dOd men. paidciihiily as the news from Cape Colony
was very disiinietin},', (he whole comilry there iiordi of S((unibeif; beinjr
in revolt. HridKli iiiHiieiice (hronjihont all South Africa hud been con-
siderably diminished, becun f the lute defeats, und it was felt to be
bad iMdiiy to let the idea prevail tliut Eiij;lund was not ei|iiul (o any
f*!!!erirt*ncv.
Ociieral <iatncro was at llcrkstrooiu, (ieneral Frendi at .\iuudel,
Oenernl Methnen near Stormberg and (lenernl Riiller at liis old camp
m
at Cheveley. which he had left when he made (he adempt to cross the
Tiif^ela River.
-Military men laid stress upon Oeneral Hnller's order for the retirt»-
luent <if his urmy to (he camp when the budulions were eu-ier to con-
linne the Hf,dit for the recovery of the ^nns abamloued bv Colonel (>,»»«
as convincin.n- proof of the i>nidence of his leadershi]». ' Thev also re
seated the idea that the batteries were deliberat.ly entiupiic.i in broui
duylij;ht, <n- th.it <ienerul Hnller was resiMinsible in unv de<.Tee for this
'I'l. 1 ..Ml I. 11 . ..... . r-
■■--■ --'I'"...-..... >ii ,,,i, ,n;^|,-,- 1,11 lIllS.
They described Hnller's a-id .Methiien's attempts to surprise the
eiK'iiiy by forced murches at niRht in order to time un utiack for day-
break us not only schntitic but Immune, since .he object was to enable
the troops to cross a danfrerous tire zoi nder ( ,.v,.|. ,,f durkiii'ss.
They udmitted, however, that such .il tempts were hazardous in a
cumpaijfn with the Dutch, who hud resources of dieir own for .oiinter
surprises, but contended that the only alternative in ji direct frontal
attack was the exposure of troops to a destructive artillery and riOe fire
for loiif;- distances before buyonel churjres could be delivered.
'1*1... II i • __ . ,
IM'llded und bodi Hridsh und Hoers speiK Chrisdnus <|iiietly. The
urniies of Oeiieruls Hnller and Joiibert were in si^lit of each other, but
neither made any nioveiuent.
(jenerai ;iaiacie, in ordei io check insnrrecdo:i uinon<; the Dutch
colonists ill Cape Colony, and to prevent di.xafferled perwms ffiving
information or otber assistance to the Boers, issned a modified reeon-
182
LORD ROBERTS TAKES SIPREME COMMAND.
V^:
tcntiado onlor, by the terms of wiiirli all malos over V2 years of age
of whatever nationality, residiii}; onlside of towns or villages, but with-
in a radius of twelve miles of military enmps of Sterkstrooni, were
recpiired immediately to vacate their phues of residence and remove
outside the twelve-niile radius or form a camp in close proximity to
the nearest military camp, where they were required to reside until
further mitice, jiroviditiK for their own needs. The lU'der had a good
effect in dampenin},' the ardor of those colonists who were inclined to
revolt a};ainst Hritisli authority.
(icueral I?uller had his f,'uns destroy the footbridge over the Tugela
at (V.lenso, thus pieventinj; the Hoers from .'stablishing themselves
south of the stream; the Orange Free Slate capital was removed from
Hl.iemfontein to Winbnrg, sixty-five miles to the northeast, as the
f(.rnier could not Ix- fortified to advantage; Ladysndth reported that it
could hohl out and Kiuibcrley sent word that it woid.l never surrender;
liordiecht was occupied by the British, ami as the year IMtJt drew to a
.lose the English began to make stronger efforts to retrieve past losses.
On the first day of the n<'\v year r.cneral French captured a com-
manding iiositioii jiist outside of Colesburg, President Kruger's birth-
phir.'. (i.Mieral French attacked the Hoers vigorously ami forced them
to retreat. Ili' had been operating with a nud)ile force during Decem-
ber from Naauwpoort to iirotect Lord Methuen's line of communications
by keeping the Free State force from Colesburg fully occupied.
Fivn( h"s force, while loo feeble for fr<inlal attacks niton a strong
IM.sitioii, was ke|it constantly in motion around .Vrundel, alternately
advanciiig and falling back, but always man.'uvering cautiously and
skillfull.v. After threatening the Hoers' communications with the
Orange liiver and compelling the Dtitch to retire fnun Kensberg, French
decided upon a sudden stroke, lie ordered the mounted force and the
artillery to advance raiiiiUy on Sunday night. December :U, with the
infantry in wagons behind them, and by daylight had sncceed.'d in
turning the Hoers' position at Ccdesburg.
The Dutch camp was surprised by the unexitected night march, of
whi.h it had not received waridng, and the Free Staters did mit attemi.t
to defend ilieir position, but rciread-d eastward.
On January '.\ l'.»Olt, (Jeneral Cataire met the Boer forces at
Cyphergat, ui'ar the Hritish advance camp at nushmanslioek, whi.h
retired hurriedly shortly after the British nrfillery opened fire. (Jeneral
Babingtou, with his cavalry and the Australian and Toronto (Canada)
troops, three days previously, had made a Hying raid from Belmont
and occupied Douglas, where, in connection with a Hying c(dumn under
Colonel I'ilcher he could operate on (ieneral Cronje's Hank west of
Kimberley.
An imlication that the burghers mt'ded every available man was
the proclamation at this time by Tresident Steyn, of the Orange Free
State; that every white man, irresjK'ctive of nationality, should fight in
defense of the I'ree State.
(Jeneral White, commanding at Ladysmith, won a stibstantial vic-
tory on January (i, when the Boers attacked his outer defenses known
as Caesar's Camp and Wagon Hill, and were completely repulsed. The
British losses were i;i."> killed and 242 wouiuIimI. The list of casualties
anumg the British oftlcers in the Hght showed thirteen killed and
twenty-seven wounded, .\moug the latter was Lieutenant Colonel Wil-
liam Henry Dick-Cunynghatu, V. ('., ctmitnander of the Second Battalion
of the (birdon Highlanders.
The battle centered ujion the parallel ridges s(Uith of Ladysmith,
and s<mie intrencliments on the western hills were capture<l three times
by the Boers, only to be retaken at the ixiint of the bayonet by the
British.
It was a long and trying day, in which the gallant defenders were
alfacke<l again and again by fresh swarms of assailants, and was only
bnmght to an end by a fine bayonet charge of the Devcms during a
rainstorm, when the Boers were driven fr<un a itosition (xctipied from
the time of dawn.
(ieneral Joubert's bolt had been shot, but it failed to carry the
fever-stricken Caesar's Camp, short as the ammunition sujtply was. The
Boer losses greatly exceeded those of the British.
The Hussars, the Natal horse, the Devons, the Manchesters, the
(Jordon Highlanders, ami the Liverpcxd, I,eicester and Hoyal Rifle bat-
talions bore the brunt of the fighting, which was fierce and determined
on both sides. This was the first time the Boers had deveht|MMl their
capacity for aggressiveness, but eager as they were they could not pre-
vail agaiust the dojxgedness and obstina<y of the Tb'itish.
(ieneral White's olHcial dispatcb to (Ieneral Bnlleron the fight was
dated January 7, at 1! o'clock in the afternoon, and was as follows:
•2* = lgx|
I, © a rt w *' u
2 '■ «; H a 3
. icjrs S 3 "
!-. .2 « «< .9 ■:3
**" c ^ n
j^ic 5 —
- O -^ *^ *J 1-
> t3 a; S c * '3
M 4J U -^ ^ «. -n
n 4)
S to 9 u O w ■
4, - '" t' O
•OP.'"
;■ 1; 4J bp
p V. -r 2
0.3 kE
'•o V
f °^ j
r a "O £1.^. 5 .^ I
W
t
•
4
. ^
:|
■ k.' ■
/■
«.- li
s
k
* .s
^ / ..
f '■
w
PI
^. /-
.. ■* C^ '
M
^ .
_,»f.:r_^^,>
1
1
: t
^
1
/
m
1
!■ ^'
)§■[
•
-
■fl
■ ■ ■ .:•
*^.' *
IRI^'-'
."^K
r
^^
J,*
mi^
"1 ■
-■■ /:
•
'
;
^
m't%
.■'1| '
( ■ « *
i
1
J^^m,
'Vf
■;■;-■■ :«»v' ■
;'
v-v;
«
1
>■ ^^^B
'ii
'
*
km
a:^
_.-4
A
- <t\, -
•*
s
^ '
'c':'...'^
■^.m
■♦
B
Se'S r^ "I
-^?l•S•".5
.S J. 2 S
J5J3 1
2 0.6 u« K
?-SSJ5.aJ5
■^m .■« u S
5 S »«•' =
10 ° S
»■« 2 C'P
1 5 « 3-0
M^-5 5 « S
•S g'S,§ = "
1a Of q , is
ifl 5
•r-^'5 '^
§■2.2 i
S § 2 « '-s.i
iC
-..S'S
5ii»
S*^ o-n «ji B-;
£ . o g g »"
u) S
1:
LORD ROBERTS TAKES SIT RE ME COMMAND.
'Iqo
"LBfl.VHinilli, Jnnuary 7, 1000, 2 p. m.
"An attack waH coiimicncei) on ni.v |H)sifi()u, Imt was tliiefly against
CaoHar'H ("ami) ""il Wafjon Hill. Tlu- enemy was in (^ri'M streufftli and
luiH pushed the attack with the (j;rcatt'Ht cduraffc and energy. Sonic of
the intrcnchnicntN on Wapui Hill were three tinien taken bv the enemy
and retaken by iih. The attack continued until 7:;{0 p. lu.
"One point in our poHitiou was occupied by the enemy the whole
day. But at dusk, in a very heavy rainstoiin, they were tinned out of
thiK |»osition at the jx.int of the bayonet in a niotst {^albnit manner bv
tlie Devons, led by Colonel I'ark
"Odouel Ian Hamilton commanded on Wafjon Hill and rendered
valuablo Hervice. The troojm have had a very trying time and have be-
haved excellently. They are elated at the service they have rendered
the (iueen.
"The enemy were repulsed everywhere with very heavy loss, greativ
e.\ceedin{,' that on my side."
The Moers used (heir artillery freely and their Are was the heaviest
and most rajiid known up to that time in the cauipaifjn.
<^'< '">• French on (he (ith reported a "serious accident'; to the First
WuffolK Kcfjiment. l''our companies of tin- re<riment attaiked a Jloer
position near Wensburj,' and lost seven officers and twenty-nine men
killed, wounded and captured. Lieutenant-Colonel Watson, iii ccminiand,
was wounded and then a retreat was ordered. Cokm-'l Watson after-
wards died from his wounds, in consetpience of which the expected in-
vestifration into the alTair was not held. The Kssex Hes'Oicut was sent
to <lisplace the SuffidUs after the enpiftement.
Tlie day Ladysmith was attacked (iener.il Huller made a demon-
stration at Colenso, the War Office at London beiu}? notiHed on the Till
by the following; (abh'Rrani:
"Frere t^ainp, -Tantmry 7, lOOO.
"I sent all available troops yesterday to make a demonstration at
Oolenso. The trenches (here were all occupied by th > enemy."
It was thought soniethinf; niijjht come of this, but «!eneral t?iiller,
contrary to expectation, had not bejjnn his t;reat f.irward i.iovenient, his
men rrtiirning to ».inip v\ilhou( runuin;; iiie risk of an encounter. The
Tugela River was very high, and in addition the Boer works were too
185
strong to attack without a heavy force. The two fords he might have
used were the river low were guarded by the guns of his adversary,
while great earthworks, heavily amiwl and defended by lines of barbed
wire, stretched for sixteen miles across Kuller's path,' this line of de-
fenses having been constructed by European officers.
Field .Marshal I^.rd Roberts and General Lord Kitchener arrived
at Cape Town on January 10, and the next day (Jeneral Buller occupied
the soiHh bank of (he Tugela at I-otgh'ter's Drift, seized a bridge and
found the enemy strongly intrenduMl four and a half miles to the north.
The Tugela drift or ford is fifteen miles west of Colenso and eight miles
north of HpiingHeld on the wairon road to Dewdrop and Ladysmith,
and his advance line at I'otgieter's Drift was about fifteen miles from
Wagon Hill, where Whit.-'s force fought so desperately the week be-
fore.
O.'iieral Warren, of (Jeneral Clery's Division, occupied several
kopjes west of Acton Homes, north of Spion Kop, the center of the
Boers' defensive position, (he obj..c( being to secure the road through
Clydesdale and Dewdrop to Lad.vsniith. Several conflicts occurred, but
It was not until the l!)th of January that any real fighting began, when
(ieneral Warren inaugurated the policy of working over the parallel
ritlges. Lord Diindonald's cavalry beinj,' of material assistance, the
Boers contesting every foot of groun<l. On the I'Otli (Jeneral War-
re n was warmly engaged, (ieiieral Buller sending in his report late that
night to the War Office, as f(dlows:
"Spearman's Caiii|i, Saturday, January 20, 1900, Evening.
"(Jeneral Clerv, with a part of General Warren's force, has been in
action from a. m. till 7 p. m. to-day. By a judicious use of his artillery
he has fought his way ui), capturing ridge after ridge for about three
miles.
"The troops are now bivouacking on the ground he has gained, but
the main position is still in front of them.
"The casualties wer<. not heavy. About one hundred wounded had
been brought in by (!:;10 p. m. The number of killed has not yet been
ascertained."
General Lyttleton occnpiwl the Boers' positiou near Brakfontein,
and the next day (Jeneral Warren swung the troops on his left in a
180
LORP ROBERTS TAKES SUPREME COM M. WD.
W: ;:
tliinkiii;; inovciucnt iiliin;j the Tiih.niiiiyiimii scries of lirnkcii hills jcail-
in^' ii|)\viii'(l iiiul isistwai'il lo S|ii(iii Kii|i, (ii'iid'al liildviiiil's iiicii Icail-
iiiji, tilt' (IcNire bcliiy: to cut ilic Itdcr fdi'ccs in Iwci iiml ilividc lliciii.
The ai'tillci'v was frcciv iisnl liv the I'^iiiiHsli in ilic I!'h r iidsiliims, ami
three kopjes were taken west of S|pioii, hut it was iii-'essary to lake
the hitter liefore any liojie eoiilil he eiileit, lined of nio\ inii toward l.ady-
sniith. Alto^'etiier tieiierai Itnller had ;tl),(l(m men, and lie used tlieni
to the utmost in IiIm plan <<f operations.
The ti-rhtin^: was desperate all alouu the liih', the ISrilish force,
es|(e(ially the Unldiii I'lisilieis, the Yorkshire lieyiniei'l, the Inniski!!-
illfis and the Hordel- IJej;iinent, snlTeiinj;- sevendy.
The 21st of .laniiary (ieneial I'ullei- repoiied to the Wai' Ollice:
"Speaniian's Camp. .lanuaiy -1, IIUMI, (l:."i," a. m.:
"In order to relieve the |iri'ssnre on (ieneral Waiicn and to ascer-
tain the sti'eiijilli of the enemy in the |iosilion in front of rol;;ielei's
Drift, (leiicral Lytlleton made a reconnoissance in foi'ce yesterday.
This kept the enemy in their trenches in full strent;th all day.
"Our casualties — Third liattalion Kind's K'oyal Uilles, two killed,
twelve woundi'd, two missinu;.
Nine \\. ni. — (ieneral Warren has been eUfinned all day, cliielly on
his left, whi<li he has swnnji forward al)cait a cmiple of miles.
"The (Jii'ound is very <lil1i('nlt, and as the lii.;htinir is all the time up-
hill, it is (lillicult to say exactly how much we have <;ained, hut I think
we are making' substantial ]ii'o;;ress."
Warren, howevei', was compelled to rest a day after Ids exertions,
and it was not until thel'.'id thai li^iliiiiifi «as adividy rein'wed.
A dispatch which left llu- I'.oer headipiariers on .lanuaiy !'.( (Inis
deNi-Hlies the ]iosition of nuller's forces:
"Ills ri};ht rested on the old Chevtdey Camp, helil. it is helieved. Iiy
Harton's Hrii^ade, the center heinn near Swarf/, Kop, overliaiijiiuf;
I'olKi' :>'r's Drift, and the left lii;;her up toward /iiid<le's.
"Five "laval ituns were jiosted on Swailz Koji. and a tield lialtery
occupied the kopje on the northern side of the Tujiicla."
The Riiers admitted ihut the casmilties resultiufj from the hoin-
liardment were hejsvier thai! tlmse siHTeiid at Cahsiso, asid tlie t< vrilde
effects of the lyddite were several times mentioned, Commandant \'il-
joeii and two hur^hers Iiein;; knocked senseless by the effectH of one
shell. N'iljoeii recovered after a few hours.
Cieiieral Hothti received tin- credit cd' having; checked Warren'M a<l-
vance. President Sleyn was under lire in the foremost ranks of the
l''ree Slaters.
./aniiary 2:! (ieneral Warren iilta'ked and cai>ture<l Spion Kop,
the very center of the ISoei |iosiiion, but, to the ania/.einent and con-
sternation of I'liiijiand, retired fnun the place twenty-four liourn ufter-
wiirds.
(ieneral Hnller tirsi reporlid as follows to the War Oflice:
"Spearman's Camp, .Fannary 24, litOO.
"(ieneral Warren's ti ps last nijfhl oi-enpied Spion Kop, surpris-
in^ the small }rarrisoii, who tied. It has been held by us all day, thon};h
we were heavily attackeil, especially by a very annoyiii}; shell lire.
"I fear oni- casualties are considerable and I have to inform you,
with re;;ret, that (ieneial Woodiiiite was danj;cronsly wounded.
"(ieneral \\'arren is of the opinion that he has rendered tlie enemy's
posiliim untenable. The men are splendid."
The second dispatch caused f;loom where before there hati been
jubilation:
"Spearman's Camp, noon, January 2.">, 1!)00.
"(ieneral Warren's liiirrisoii, I am sorry to say, I lind this morning
htid in the nii>ht abandoned Sjiioii Kop."
Then came the slory <d the retirement told by (ieiiC'al Hnller in
his report to the WartMlice. Not only llial, bul the retreat of (ieneral
r.uller across the Tiinela:
"Speaniian's Camp, -lannary 27, I'.KIO.
"(In January 211 Warren drove back the enemy and obtaimil jmiw-
sessioii of the southern crests of the liifih table land e.xtendint; from
the line of Alton Homes and llonjiei's I'oort to the western l.adysinitli
hills. From then to Jaiiaavy 2." he remaiii>'il in close contact with the
enemy.
"The enemy held a strou;; position on a raiiy:e of small kojijes
streiihinir from northwest to southeast across the plateau from Actou
!!.>!!i!>-^, thnmtrh Spion Kop. lo the left bank of t)ie Tneela,
"The actual position held was perfectly tenable, but did not lend
i
i
THE BLUE-JACKETS IN THE TRENCHES.— When the sailors in the British navy were landed in Soulh Africa to help reise the siege of Ladysmith they found
ll!!!^^"?--^!?!!?-?"!!":/.™"'.* . '• /he Boers had entrenched themselves amone the mountains and "kopjes" surrounding and overlookini; Ijidysmlth. whence they
couia tnrow a acstnictivc !iic at my fuiLc ci)iuiii« wilhin raiixe.
This made it necesaaij' lot the blue-jacketsJ[to dig trenches and throw up breast-works from thestart.
' nnected with the labor, owiu)
stopped many a Boer bullet.
1 he artist has happily illustrated the method of performing the work, and has presented a clear idea of the difficulty and hardship connected with the labor owine to'tiie
rocky condition of the soil in many places. The rocks and clay, so common to the soil in South Africa, made good breast-works that s " " ■' •■ *
'immmmmm
I
m
mi
m
II
•Q ii 3 (tt
3i a o " s.
1
•a - S. 9 5 .2 a
lllll^l
3,52^ a, ||
z " 3 t;j5_.o
a M
M" _ JS K « d
3
LOKD KOBEKTS TAKES SUPREME COMMAND.
180
11
S a a,*
itw'lf t(» iin uilvnuit', dm tlu' Hdutlifrii hIoih-n woro mo otwp that Wnrroii
could luit p't ail elTcilivi' iirtillerj' position, iiiul water Htipply wiim <
dillltulty.
"On .laiMiiii'v 2;{ I fiNsciitcd to iiis attackinj? Spioii i<op. a lar},'o III
indeed u niouiitaiii, whitli wan evidently the ke.v of the poHJIIon, In
wax far more acccHHilile from the north than from the south.
"On tlie nlfilit of Jaiiii.iry 2.'$ he attacked Siuoii Kop, but found il
very diHicnlt to hold, as its iM-rimcter was too lar^re, and water, which
he had liei-n le<l to lielieve existed, in tliis extraordinary dry season was
found very deticient.
"The crests were held ail that day apiiust severe attacks and a
lieavy shell Are. Our men fou;;ht witli >;reat j;allaiiln I would es-
IM'cially nunlion tlie conduct of the Second ('aiiieroiiiaiis ami the Tliii'd
Kiii^'V Kitlcs, wild supported the altack im the mountain from the steep-
est side and in each case f(m){ht their way to the top, ami the HecomI
Lancashire Fusiliers and Second Middlesex, wlio majjnilicently maiii-
(ained the best traditions of tlie Uritish army throU}>hout the trying;
day of January 24, and Thorny croft's mounted infanlry, w lio fought
thnnif^hout the day iMpially well aloinrsidc of them.
"(Jeneral Woodffale, who was in command at the summit, having;
been woumled, the ollicer who succee<led him <lecided on tlie uijjht of
January 24 to abandon the | sition, and did so before dawn Janu-
ary 25.
"I reached Warren's camp at 5 a. m. on January- 25 and decided that
a second attack ujion Sjiion Koji wa^ useless and that the enemy's rijjht
was too strong to allow me to force it.
"Accordiiifjiy I decided to witlidraw the force to the south of the
Tugela. At (> a. m. we commenced withdrawin;,' the train, and by 8
a. III. January 27 (Saturday) Warren's force was concentratetl souUi of
the Tu};ela without the loss of a man or a iH)und of stores.
"The fact that the fon < could witlidraw from actual touch— in
some cases the lines were less than a thousand yards apart— with the
enemy, In the manner it did, is, I tliink, sufficient evidence of the morale
of the troops, and that we were permitted to withdraw our cumbrous
ox and mule transptirts across the river, eij^hty-flve yards broad, with
twenty-foot banks and a ver\ swift current, niuiiolested. is. I think,
proof that the enemy has bwu taught to respect our soldiers' fighting
powers."
The tlghtiug, both before and after the occupation of the great hill,
wa> of such a tierce diaiacter that the scene was one of the most ter-
rible ever witnessed. Spion Kop is a precipitous mounlaiu overtopping
ihe whole line of kopjes along IJi.- (piKT Tugela.
(»n the eastern side the mountain faces Mount .Vlitc and Potgieter's
iMifl, standing at right angles to Ihe lloer central iiosition and the ad-
vanced iiosition occupied by <ienenil Lyttlctoii, The soutlu-rn jKiint
descen<ls in abru|>t stejis to the lower line of ki>pjes. On the western
side, oiijxisite the point occiipiwl by Oeneral Warren's outiHtsts, it is
inaccessibly steep until Ihe point where the nek joii.s the ko]> to the
main range. Then there is a gentle slope, which allows easy access to
the summit.
Tlie nek was strongly held by the Hoers, who also occupi(Ml a heavy
spur parallel with the kopje, where they were concealed in no fewer
than thirtytive rill., iiits, being thus enabled to bring to bear u]M)n the
English a damaging cross fire, the only possible point for a British at-
tack being tlie southern side, with virtually shwr precipices on the left
and riglit.
A narrow fiMdpath, admitting men in single file only to the summit,
opened into a perfectly flat table land, probably of 300 S(piare yards
area, upon which tlie Hoers had hastily commeiu cd to make a transverse
trench. The Knglisli were able to occui>y the further end of this table
land, where the ridge descended to another Hat, which was again suc-
(■(H'ded by a round, stony eminence held by the Boers in great strength.
The ridge held by the British was faced by a number of little kopjes
at all angles, w hence the Boers sent a concentrated fire from their rifles,
sui)p<»rte(l by a Maxim-Xordenfeldt and a big long range gun.
What with the rifles, the mailiine guns and the big gun, the sum-
mit was <(Uiverted into a porfiHt hell. The shells exploded continually
in the ranks of the ICnglish, and the rifle fire, from an absolutely unseen
enemy, was perfectly apjiailing.
Re-enforcements were hurried up by Oeiieral Warren, but they
had to cross a stretch of flat ground which was literally torn up by the
flying lead of the Boers, who were busy sending in their fire. The un-
flnished trench on the summit gave very questionable shelter, as the
Roer m.nchine guns were m accurately traineti upon the p'ace that often
sixteen shells fell in the trench in a single minute.
Mortal men could not permanently hold such a position, and the
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
&
//
/
(^
.V
/ .V
.V
<•
^
^0
V^
1.0
I.I
150
US
lit
13.
y6
125 nil 1.4
1.8
1.6
150mm
V
/APPLIED J IIVMGE . Inc
jsa 1653 East Main Street
^^^ Rochester, NY 14609 USA
^=r^ Phone: 716/482-0300
.3=rj= Fax: 716/288-5989
O 1993. Applied Image, Inc., All Rights Resen/ed
f\
j\'
;1>^
'^
V ^ ^V ^\
^v». «>.
100
iA)i<n h-oiii-h'is I u<i:s srrh'i:.\ii: comm.i\/>.
llriliNhiiliiiiKloiiiMl ii ..iilviifUTilicv w.-ic r.iuviii.r.l ii >n(>iiIiI lir siii> itliil
li> rcinaiii.
The losses. .f (he ICl'ilisli fl i lliiMiiiii.nl the . n.ssiim nf t he Tllfrela
IJivel- to the ilhillliluljiiieiil of S|iici|| Kop «,.|e \.\ts; oDiiefs iiihI mm
kilh'il, woiiiiih'il Mini Miissiii;;.
(ieiierill Wooiifijile lUeil of his wolliels slioill.v Jlfler llie li-lil. lie
Wiisii velei-iiii of iiiiiliv eiiiii!>iiij;iis, who \\:u\ liei'ii, |p|evltiiis lu 11^111;; .s. nr
111 Sniilh Afiici, In loiiiniiiiKl of ijie tro<i|is In Sieiiii I , wh'ie ihr
Ifihes hlMl heeli in leliellion. lie sel-ve<l in llii' Alp.vssJMiil. AshiiiKi iilxl
/iihi wiii-s iiMil in Iniliii, iin<l hnd won nie.l.ils .iml .lce.,iiiii,,ns (nv ,lis.
)in;;uishe<l seniee. lie WHS al om- linn Sir Dm Ivn Udoil's slalT in
South Affi.il, iin.l, like lit i-jii Wiiiivn, hinl a ;iiii. li.al lii.o'vliMl;;.. ,,f
Utier Mieth.i.ls .if wiirliife.
The l-efiiineiits whi.h snlT.Te.l iiiosi at S|iion Kop ami the (inJiiin-
befdfe liie k.ip was I'ea.he.l wtic tli.- S....1M1I l.aii.asliiivs, Seciml Miil'
tllesex, First S.mth l.aii.ashires, Tlioriiv.r.(fi's .M.mnteil Inlanirv, ami
the Itnperial l.i},'hl Infantry. Tli.^ (i<.neinl StalT also siifT..r.M|,' nianv
oflicers serving; on it heii,;; kille.l anil w.mimiIiiI.
On Fel)iuarv 1. l!MMl. the Itriiish \Var(»m,.. r..|M.rte,l the tr.Hips
uiiilt;tmsin South Africa .ir .mi 1 leas fnll.iws:
Hritish re-nlars. lSli.iitM>; < ■ana.lians ami Australians. 7,(.0(l; S.mmIi
African v..liititeers, L'll.iltltl; Itriiish si..-., oims, .[f,: Itriiish naval -ims. '
;{S; Itritish li.iwitz<'fs, .'tti; Itriiish hatteri.'s li.irse ariilli'iy, .■>!; ItHiisli
liel.l jtlins, L':tl; Itoer f.irces lest iiiiat.'.l in ISllS), .1!I,IMMI.
'" '■"• duller .Ii. I n.it all.e.v his ivpiils- at Spi.ni Kop n. .|,.|av his
nilvaii.-e v.'i-y lonjr. for. on Felniiarv :.', he recr.Ks...| ||„. Tiijicla oii his
way t.i l^ailysniilh.
When the rnil.Ml Slai.^s a|i|>r.iai'li.'.l nnchin.l ami Ih.' Transvaal
with Its olTi'i's ..f III. '.Mali. III. Knylaii.l ha. I w.m a s.-ri.'s .if vi.i.iri.'^ m,!
wu- in snch a joyful ,„».»■ that ih,- eiiiii-,- .-.amtrv was , ..i.-liraiiiiK
TOO j'll.L (II- .KiV TO IIIINK 0|- MIMHATION,
From "St, Paul I'i.nieer-I'ress."
f^^
EH
,.i">
PLAN OP THE "ATTLB OP PAARDEBERQ.— The battle of Paardeberg, tesultiiig in the surrender, Febiuar^ 27, of General Crooje, t'ue Boer commander, and
Ilia force of about 4.(KM men, waa one of the moat momentous events of the South African war. Up to the time of this event the Boera hail been uniformly aucceaaful in
checking the advance of the Britibj forces. The campaign against General Cronje waa Lord Roberts' first move in the war. With a force of nearly eight times that of the
Boer commander Lord Roberts forced the surrenaer after hard fighting, As shown in the plan here given, General Cronje had taken up his position in a bend of the
Modder River. At F he waa shut off bv heavy artillerv backed by the !Olh Hussars, the Life Guards aiid the !2th Lancers. Qn the other aide of the river he was
confronted by Geuera! Kelly-Kenny's forcea. With such ^at odds against him surrender was the onl^ thin^ he could do.
niAPTEK xviir.
<ii:xi.:i{ALn:(»N.ii.:is«'i{rHiii:nAXi>Foi{(Ki»T(»wn:m:xiu'i{
AITKK HAIfh I'KillTIXd-KIMmCULKY AXII L\I)V-
HJiiTii in:i,ii:vi.:i. at last-cjicxkkal
KI'I.LKirs ForiMli ATTKMI'T
HlCVKSHFri.
OKI) HOlJKirrs liiKl lai<l IliM plniiH ((in.fiill.v, but
niiitrurv to tlu> general «'.\|M'rta(i(iii, ki-pl liiiin
to liiiiiwlf. Ih' *li(| not |iro|ioK<' to movf until
lii« wuH icad.v, ami wliilf waiting <',( rnral Lord
KItclifncr |iro((>(Hl<'<l with the work .,f ilit> ornaui-
/.Mtlon of (lu. forccH.
On Fcltruarv «ith honl K(»bertH loft CajM'
Town for the front, and ni<Nintlni<> ticm-ral
HulUr lontinu' I in tlio wa.v of li>inini<>rin^' the
'*'»•''■« <•" <li«' road to Lad.vxniitli, using IiIh arlii-
;'''■•>■ '' '>• l"'<'bruar.v .'» tJcn.'ral L.vUl..t( .(iipicl two liillN, on.»
h«'inK N'lial Krant/,, and held tluni two da.VH under lire from Hrakfon-
t<'in, Spion Kop ami Doom Kloof, iIm>h liills iM'inj; on fli.. dircl rout.'
from HprinKfl..|d to LadvHuntli, via Ski.'t or M<d.-n Drift. Wliil." a
f»'lnt attack wan madi> liiglior up, at I'otjfiH.T'M Drift, lli«> thin cduc
of tl... w..dK.. wan driven into tl... rany;.> of hillH H„uth ..nd .-aHt .if
Brukfonlcin. Tlie action at '•ot!{i,.t,.r'8, liow.-v.-r, was <,uit.- H|)irit.'d.
111.' w.'.lfi(', H.) lonj; as it rcnuiiniKl unbrok.'u, ..pcratcl t.i wparat.-
til.' Dut.h for..>H on Spi.in Kop ami at < ..icnso, and this lim>of .l.-avaff.'
was alH.> th» lin<> .if l.'ast r.'sistan..'. Tli.' i.l.'a was to .haw tlu' Dut.h
out .f tli.'ir .'iitr..n.h.'.I positions an.l .■..nip.'" thcni to .'onc-ntrat.' on
open Rnuiml n.-ar La.l.vsmitli m..r.' fav..nihl.. for British .ijierations than
eilli.T <'.il.iiM.i .)r Spi.in Kop.
Th.' s(..rminK "f ^•nal Krants! bv tli.' Durliam UkIiJ Infantry was
« most srallant affair, t!u. p««ition b.-iiiK finaiiy taken wilh a rush at
the p..int ..f vhe ba.vonet, but n..t until two bnttali.ins lia.l been .om-
pelled, by heuty artillery ami rifle flre, to retire t.i cover.
183
lla ,.,... uphMl and ..„,re„..|.e.l Vaal Krant. an.l anoth.'r k.-pj...
Hi., h.'hl heirwrouml tw.. .lays, being w.'ll supporl.'d b. .i..|,| ..„,;
A tr..nK Hoer atla..k on .h.' north.-rn slop.'H w.V.lso ...pais e. i,:I !
.•h an.l .th ....untiuK "P two .,tll.-..rs kiih-.l ami .if,..en wonnd.'.l an.l
" ...n. r...l ami si.xt..en m.-n k .1 an.l w..iin.l.'.l. Tl... ...ig... n -n
"• ln.-s.lay was r.'ally h.-avL-r an.l H..r.-..r than tl .v 1 f r,
;"*:•" !"•; "•;- '•"■«« iii..« .1..' n.i.ish...iv..ua ,..„... ki..;/
Hlair «.. .' nat.iiing tl,.' .'ugag.'Uient. The Knglish g„ns fr..m Swarls
z^'iiMh"!;"" ^'"""•*^' 'r " ^■"'■""^^- ""' -.--•b h:i
' " • ' *-'"""' '"'•'""'•' •'"■'" !"♦" «-..rk ov..r the hills tir.-."!
" f.'w r.,un.ls an.l th.-n again .liang.-.l tlieir positi.,,, '
•i.'m'ral Lvttl..t..n's Hrig, v.-,is sliot at fmn, thr.-.' si.l.'s an.l ha.l
" wartu .itu.' up..n Vaal Krant. D.'sp..ra..' ...T.uts w.-r.' . ^h 1 '
I . ...s t., .......ver t nioking hill, but the Durha... Light Infant v li..
K.ngs n.,va, imh's, and the H....ttish Uitl.'s .harg,..!'^^, ,d . 'l' |.
|...H.ti.,n. (..-rn'ral nil.lyar.l's Hriga,).' r..|i..v,'.l U..„..ra 1 v .' , ,•
Hrigad.' t.,war.l suns.-t, and Hghting ..ontinu.-d until !. ..VIo.V
^^^^^^Sevral priH..„ers taken d.'.lare,! th.' Iha-rs l.,st h.-avih .... both
On the HiU (l..n..ral null.'r, to the surpris.' „f ull Kngland aba-,.
He..n hat his a.lvan..,. was n.ithing „,„re than ^ f,.|„t U> shi.-l.! .m.-r-,
',:;::'.:, ti;:;^';'; v""" ';" ' "'"•'•"•^" "'•• "-^ «•'«" "^'-moIi .1. ; .
UM
crxiK.ii. cis'oxjr. is iRisiir.n.
Oil till' "ill (it'iicial llcciiii .Minl>i>nal<l '.iix fnrrt'tl In icih" from
KdiMlnosliir;;. ill riipc « 'iilniiv. Iiisiiifi liflv II fii, lull imiilHliliiy; llic ItiicrM
Kcvcitlx. (Jcii.iiil Itiililii^lon, Willi ciiMilrv iiiiil arlillt'iv, liiivliiy; failcil
III ri'iH h liini in limr, liiinral l.mil Mcllint'ii llicii oidi'icil Imlli ftirrt's
III ii'iiii' iiiiiiii tin- .Mipiliirr liivir. Tlir Itixis also assiiiiiril tin- iilTt-iiHivi'
iif-aiiisi (iciiiial I'liiK li iirai- IStiisliiir;:. ami ticiii'ial lialairi- in Hi;-
Sii-rMilii'i}; Hills, Inn wvvv ilriM'ii hack.
I.oi'il Ifiilii'ils airiviil ai tlu' .MimIiIci' ItiviT mi lli< U\,„, ami Hh'Ii
il biMiiiiii' cviilfiil thai ili'inial ('iniiji-V aniiv was i.. Im- mislifil ami
Itjcirmfiiiiiciii. ia|iilal «>f ilic t»!aii;;f Krn- Siair, laki'ii. Tin- lirav.v
massiiiu' iif niicr finciK t\\»nii tin- Mmltlrr slniwt;il plaiiilv lliat llu'
ltiir;:lifrs km \v wlial was ciimiii^'. fur tin- iiiiiiifiisc fmri' l.mil Knlti ris
was ;;ailirriiiu ciiiilil liaiill.v \w iisi'il fur aii.v uIIiit |iiiI'|»"*'''-
.liisl ai litis time, w lii'ii l.iinl Wnlirris was iiri'iiaiins In iiinvc. ilii'
llriiisli cvariialtil llu- roltsliiii): ilisiriri. whiili ^'irailv aiilcil ilir in-
siii'H'iliiiiiaiv spirit wliirli liail iiiaiiifisii-il itself, Itiit l.nnl Itulifils,
wliosi' lims loiistiliiiiMl an imiiiciisc litifst-sliiic Iwciitvllvc inili-s in
lfii}>tli, was mil ilisi iii'lii'il,
'I'liiri' was liai'il ti;:liliii;: mi tin- lltli ami iL'tli nrar ('nlrsiiiii}:, llii>
Itiii'is iiiakin;; stifiiiniiis rlTurls to tniillaii!; Ilie Urilish left. Tlic.v
i>nn|iii'il siiKii}; |Misitiiiiis fioiii ArlitiTlaii}:, tliiuiifili I'lilfiiiilciM In a
|iiiint Jivr mill's sunt li of .lasfnnti'in.
On till' l-ili till' ItiH'is attarki'il tlii' |ii)sitiiin nf llu- Wnrri'slors, In
till' sniillirast iifrnli'slMir};. I''i;;litin;; rnniiniu'il all ila.v, ami afliT ilaik
it was rnnsiili'i-iMl m-rcssaiv In wiiliilraw In Ui'iisliiif':. Oii llic li'fi llii'
Wist Anstraliaiis, Wiltsliiri's ami Id rksliiiis hail Imi tl;.'htin};, lint lii'lil
thi'ir |Misiliniis nianfnilv ai:ainsi Inn;; mlils. 'I'lu' Uni'i- Inssi-s witi'
rnllsiilrraMi'.
Owiiiy: In till' ;riiiwiii;:ilil1lriillv cxiii'iiciiri'il liy innvn.vs ill n-acliiii^
till' ranijis, all nf iIk- lalti-i- wiTi- varati'il nii llii' ni^lit nf ilif ll!lli, ami
Ihi' tl'nii|is willlill'i'W In Iti'lislini'^.
llnwi'ViT. Ill nITsi'l this, (ii'iii ral Fl'i'llrli si-izi-il thi- rniHsiii^ of llii'
Kill llivi r al Uikii I's iMift. allnwin^ llin ilivisimis nf Oi'iiiTiils Ki'll.v-
Ki'iinv anil TinkiT in rinss In ihc cast liaiik, ''..is riini|il<'lin;i' thi- lii-st
iiinvi' liiwaiil tnniin^ ihi- HniT Hank ami nitiiii;: nil' iJcm-nil ri'iinji''s
1-iltli t" lilfK'llifniiliMii. Tlii'll (iolii'val l-'l'i'Ili'li fnj'ci'i! till' passa;;!' :i!
Clip's Di'ifl, ami In-, with Ihi' iwn ilivisimis spoken nf ami the new
infaiilr.v liiiKiiile niaile np if ballalimm lining; the lailwa.v frmn I)<> Aar
.liimlimi. ennperateil with Oenoral l-oiil Mellinen in tliegn-nt tlankin;;
mnvi'inent.
This entile viiiieiil, with its romenlialioii nf iiearl.v all the
Kritish liaitaliotis mitsiile Nalal, ami sleiulei- enliimns left iimler (ialinre
ami ('lemeiits. was liiniiv'hl ahmil l>,v siieiililir siiatey;.v iimler a rifiitr-
nils iiperalii'll nf the relisnl'ship, sn that it was ari'iiniplisheil before
anvone was awaie nf what was intemleil.
An ai'iny ini-psaml strong auxiliary forces were thiisTnassetl where
the enemy was the Weakest, ami the pi'cvinns lialancc of forces in the
mililaiy prolilcni smlilenly upset.
This was ;,oril lioheits' accoiinl of il as sent to the War Otiice al
l.oiiilnn:
"Kekiel's IMift, l-'ehriiaiy I •, I'.MHI, S:l(» a. in.
'Mieiieral Kreiii II left this poiiil al 1 1 ::ill yesleiilay nini'iiin^ with
Ihi'ii' lii'ij.'aili's nf cavalry, horse artillery ami inoiinleil infantry, iiiclml-
in^' several Cnlniiial < 'nnlin^eiils, in nnler In seize a crossing of the
.Mnililer, ilisiani almiil twenty-live miles.
"lie repni'ts, liy ilispalch ilaleil .*>::{.*> p. in., that he has forced a
inissa^'i' at <'lip Drift ami has occnpieil the hills iiorlli of the river,
caplnr'ii^ three nf the enemy's laa^iers, with their supplies, while tleii-
eial liiinlnn, of the l''ifteenlli Hussars, with his liri;<;aile, who hail inaile
a feint al llomleval Drift, fmir miles west, has seixeil it ami a secomi
ilrifl liilweeii that ami flip Drift, together with two innre laa^er.s.
"(ieiieral French's performance is brilliant, cmisiileriny; the exces-
sive heat ami a lilinilin^ iliisl sinrni which ra^'cil ilnriiiK Ihc latter part
nf the ilay. Owin;r I" <hc rapiility nfjiis moveineiils, General French
met with but sli;;ht opposition ami his losses were small. Iae:ilenaiit
•lohnsiui of the Inniskillin^ Drapmns is Hie only ontci>r reporteil
severely wonniled.
"The Sixth Division was last iii;j;ht on the north liank of the liiet at
Walervaal Drift, ami is moving; to snppnrl the cavalry. The Seventh
Division is here and will pi on this afternoon.
"I'onr otllcers and tifty-three men had to be sent last evening in
the ri'ininin;; ox waKoiis In the railway line, prostrated by beat and
exhanstion. KOHKKTS."
Tims, for the first lime duriii!! ihc war. were the Fimlisli inside
Itoer territory as iiivaders, Kiinberley and Itloenifoiiloin were the two
objective points.
Boe™ wer! M^-Ji^^ure" ifeJ XfJ°t7rTZ?^^'r.:±:T^^^.!llZ^' '?.,:^.'i!™.'^."."L*'J.^L'"» «™! .«""- -i"}"<.'er wH.Uhe Boers was at Colesbcr.. Here the
1 "ii'intau! peak rising I.!!:-.)
iimanil the Boer position. Tliis
) shells iulo the Boer camp at
^lass the effect of the shells.
If! I
I^KfENl^B!) OP THK KIMBEBLEY DIAMOND MINKS.
A NATIVE DISPATCH CAKBIRR UVEBTAKEN BY R0BK8.
DEFENSES OF KIMBERLEV DIAHOND Mll^fES.— The workiaita of the niinn formed excellent trenches and breastworks for the British besieged Karriaon at Kimberl^.
At liuits, h(.'wt;\ --I, <iii uccasiuimi Buer shell wuuid hud ils way inlu the wide >iien excavatiuna and cunsiderabie damage be duuc the i{«ar and machinery 'ised in mining. The
" blue-ground," being of a clayey nature, was easily formed into embrazurea for the guna, and through which the Boer shells could not penetrate.
NATIVB DISPATCH CARRIER OVERTAKEN BV BOBRS.- So vigilant were the Boers surrounding Udysmith that the BriUih found great difficulty in communicating
with the outside world. As a final resort natives were employed as dispatch carriers and generally succeeded in getting through the Boer linea. On several occasions the Boer scouts
discovered the carriers and a long chase ensued, which usually resulted in the unfortunate native being shot in nis desperate effort to cacape.
CnXF.R.U. CROSIE IS CRL'SHBO.
Two dii.VH after Lonl Kobprtt.' report he hnd Oeiierul f 'roiije in full
retreat, with Oeiierul Kell.vKetiii.v at IiIh I Ih. Tlie Hixtli IMvlHioii
(tJeneral Kell.v-Kemi.v) croxseil tli.- |{i,.t Hiver at Wat.rvaal Urift aii<l
iiiar.li.Hl t\\i,UK I lie ri«lit liaiii;. Tli.' Hoers sliow.-.l HKht, |„ir .liil m.t
Hiaii.l. The iliviHJoii th.'ii iiiaivh.Ml on to .?a.'..hK<lal, .•ii.'.nint.-riMi; little
<>|i|>oHiliiiii.
The .avalrv also .aptiiird Hr.iwnV Drift on tli.> l..ft Hank of the
main llo.-r p.mitioii, anil there was a seri.'H .)f Hinall .■iiKUL'eni.'ntH, but
no \nviif liHt of .'aHiialli.'M.
Stirrinj; .'v.-nts th.>n hihti^mIimI .aeh .ither rapi.llv, an.l ^r.'at IhintiH
w.-r.. a.T.inipllHh.-.l. <!en..ral L..r.l Kit<heii..r t.i..k .li'arKe ..f the piirNuit
..f <l.'ii.-ral t'roiije; ti.'n.'ral Freneh leli.'v.'.l Kimbirl.'.v; the Hoern, l.minK
lu-art, w.-re preKH.'.l Mt.-a.lil.v baikwar.lH, and ((.'in-ral Hiil|..r b.'^an IiIh
fourth atl.-mpt t.> p-t into Ladvsniilli, .-nKaKintj the burKh.-is when.'v.'r
found, the Dutch ak;n.lonin« lli.'ir positi.in at Ma«.-rHf.int.'in and Lonl
H.dH'ftH iHKU.'.l the foM.iwinj,' piorhiniathin to the buri{lier« of the Oran-e
Free Mtat.':
"Th." HrilJHh (}..v..rnnient beli.-veH that tli.. wanton and iinjnHtitlabl.>
invasion of Hritish territory was not eoniniitte.] with the p'O'Tal ap-
proval of the p,...ple .If th.> Fr..e Stat.., with whom the Itritinh (S..v..rn-
ni..nt has liv<..l in .•oiniil.'t.. amity f.ir . nanv vears. It l)..|iev..H th..
r..sp..nsil)ility r..Mts wholly with the t.overnnient of the Pr.n. Htate
a.tinj; n.it in th.. iiit..r..sts of the .-ounlnv, but under niiH.hi..v.)UH
inlluenc'K from without.
"tJr.-at Itritain, tli..r..for.., wiHh.'H the p.^ijil,. .,f the Fre.. SIrfit.. to
nml..rstand that it h.-aiH th.m no ill will, and that, h.. far as is ..nn-
patibl.. with the HU.reHsfiil .•ondii.t ..f the war an.l the riM'stablishnien^
of p<.a.-.., it is anxi.HiM to pr..s..rv.. th.-m from th.. .-vilH brought upon
them by the wronKful aetion of their <Jov..rnnient."
In .•..ii.hiHion Lord I{ob..rts wiun.'.l all bur^heiH to .L'sist fr..ni
further n.t« ..f h.mtility toward Her Maj.-styV t!ov..rnnu.|it an.l tro.ipn,
and nave diivetionM reKar.liiifr re.piisition« an.! .•omiilaintH.
«y the 201h <Jen..ral niil!..r lia.I ...'.npi...! all th.. IiIIIh to th.. ri-dit
of r..l..nH.. on the H.uitli of tli.. Tiij;el„. I|lanf;waiia Hill was eva.uat..d
by the Koers, an.l the poHs..Hsioii of fhiH hill bv the RritlHh prov.Ml .,f
Kr..at Ktrat..Ki.. valii... Oen..rnl null..r was for.ed to .1.. a "ood -i"ai
of hnr.1 rtRhtinjt, however, m was indientwl in bis report to'the War
OflSce:
i!tr
"riiev..||.y Camp, Pebriiarv 1!>, l!t(M».
' yesterday niov.Ml aronn.l th.. ..|i..my'K Hank. Th.. 'ux „«, wh..
ha.l bivoua.k...l on th.- north.-rn slop.- .,f cin^' , .•r.ms...l th.. X.-k and
support...! by the r.-st .,f Hie K...„ml Hripnl... und..,. HH.lvar.l, assault...!
an.l took th.. soiith.-rn en.l .if .M.inte t Yisto.
"The Fourth IJri^r, „ th.. l..fi or west..rn slop... an.l 11... W,.|sh
iMiNHiers, as.sanlt...! the ..ast,.rn think of the ..iiemvV position, w
th.. H..,„n.l !triK„,i,. ravalry, .in th.' ...xtirm.. ,i«ht. wal.li. .1 il... ,.ast..rn
slopes of M.inte frist.i an.l .Irove Im.k tlios.. of tl... ..n.-iiiv atl..m|il
to ..seap.. tli..r.' fr.iin our artill..ry fir... "
"Assault...! by heavy artill.".ry tir.. .,n th.-lr front an.l think, and
atta.ke.1 ..n tli..ir Hank ami r.-ar, th.. ,.n..iiiy m, b„t Hii^ht r,.si.iaii...
and, almmhininK H'<'ir strong posithm. wer,. .Liven a.r..ss the Tii^ela'
"I have taki.n sevi-ra! .amps, a wafjoii loa.l of ammiinithm, s..v..ral
wapins of stor.'s am! supplh-s, and a f.'W pris..ii..rs.
"Th.. w..at!,er has !)....n int..ns..ly hot ami th.. kiouii.I Innvrse.! was
..x..,.,..linKly difflenlt. Hut the i,;y ,„„! .lash of th,. tioop.s hav.. b..en
v..ry pl..asant t.t h...'. Tli«.y have all .Ion., spl li.Uy.
"Th.. work ..f th<^ irn'^nlar .avalry, th.. tM....ns,' th.. S.„tN Fusilh-rs
an.l the Uifl.. Uripid.. was, p..rliaps, ni.jst n.iti...abl.., whil.. th.. <.x...ll..nl
pra.ti.e ..f th." arti!l..ry an.l naval ^uiis ami the st..a.liii,.ss of th.. .run-
tiers under, at tinn-s, v..ry ac.iirate fir.., was ivmarkabl... Th.. a..urate
tin. of th.. naval kiwis from <"h..v..l<.y was of «r..at assistan...
"Our .asualtieH are not, I tliink, many."
Ar nfortiinate oe<'urr..n..., l.app.-ninK "t a fim,. when ..v.-rvthin.'
;;■""«";. ■: ' «•"".""'' »''•■ »"'!"''. "•"« H"'<a,,tur.. of two ....mpani..s .,7
the U iltshi e l{..}rim..nt at K..nsbiir};. These .•omiiani..s b...am.. isolat.'d
an.l Ho..r Commandant P.'ller l)..};an atta.kin;; in th.. open. Soon aft..r
I.' was join...! liy a b.uly .,f Fiv.. Stat.'ix, an.l toK..tli..r th.-v drov.. th..
Hritisli Iia.k from th.. neijrliborin}; kopjes, .apfiiriii}; all but thr.'e Of
th.. 2l)t) Wiltshires 142 w..re .aptur...!. an.l of th.-se fortv-foiir w.-r..
w.)nn.l..d. Th.. siilT..rinji of the w..un.l,.<l from heat ami' thirst was
lutens... Th.. bur^lL.rs .li.I tli..ir best to all..viate this, and nianv of th..
w.inmle.1 wer.' carri...! in blankets t.i I{(.iisburfr shlin^.
Oetiera! Cronje, w.-aiy of hnnji piiiMi.-.i, .I.-t.-rmin...! t.i mak.. n
stand, nn.1 did s.. at Panrdeberg, where h.. Iiel.l ..ut a w....k, not surivn-
dering until the 27th. From the Ifith, however, he was ...nstantly
c.r. n»rai.niiiiwin i II I 1 1 1 imiiiM
^^!2^'Xi^m,&iS»^0mm^^^i
CF.M.Kii. ch'oMi: IS cKi'siir.n.
¥-
I f'^
1!»S
ciiKap.l, .luiiiin whi.li lim.- lli«' !'•'<'•••« «.Tr li.-av.v >.n ImhIi hI.I.-h, U.-n-
,i,i|.*'"Ma.l>on.il.l tiiiil Knox, aiiionn ..lli.-r ..m.'.-iH, lu-iiiK woiiii.I.mI .-h Hi.-
Itl'ilUll siilr. , ^ ,
\ iM.iiic.ii ..f iiii "niiiiil n-|M.rl fniin ii.'iK rnl «"r..iiji". <liili'(l Sim.lnv,
l\.|.niiiiv IS was niv.n out ai I'lvloiin mu tli.- I'.Mli, ami was as follow-.:
••V,.si.nl;iv nioinints aLoal (I oVlo.k. wl.ilr ivinovin;; llir laap'f
M.'MI- S.ii. It/. N.k. wo w.iv alla.knl l.v Ih.- Itiilisli. Tlio Hclil lasK-l
,i,„i| 7::iO ill II v.Mii.K. Alllioa^li. on llu' wliolo. Ilic lliiliHi. wnv
.liiv.n l.a.k. iIhv .-arl. liiii.- ivnow.! llu- alla.k. Tli.' Iosh Io ilio
Uiiiish iniisi liav." I II .•..iisld.ialilf. Tims far tli.' U'»r loss has 1 ii
v\iiU\ kill,.! aii.l iwolvc wouii.l.il. This iiiiiic llu- Hiilisli sIhM.mI iis
wilh raniioii.
•Thior ('..niinaiMlaiil iM-nricia's foiTc was loo small to slop llio
cavali-v fioiii ciiiciiiiji Kiiiilicilov."
(lili.ial ivpoiis w.iv also lo.fivo.l al I'l-.loiia from vaiioiis llo.T
commaiiih IS, as follows:
••rommaiMlant Si.-.vn savs thai Satiinlav, Kvl.iuan 17. aii<l Sim.hiv.
F.liiiiaix IS. ii.iif V loosiaml, ho foii-ht the lliilish. who tiic.l lo
,.,Hompass tnnnal Ooiijo's laapT. ami .Imv.. tht'iii t.lT. Th.'.v fought
until Ian- Snn.la.v .vniin-. Th.' Ito.-is hail om- man kilh-il ami c
woiimli'il, ami lapnnril liootv ami iwoiilv-om- hoiscsaml miilfs.
"(Jiniial ill' Wfl sa.vK that on Siimlav aftiMiioon hi' airivnl hofoii'
I'aiiii'tslM'ij: ami l-'ooiioosiaml, in wliiih iliii'ilioii thi'ii' has lii'cn heavy
liiiii;; simi' inoinin;;. II.' sloii I si'Vfial kopjfs. wliiili llif lliilish
vaiaTnl, l.-aviii;; lh.il' <l.'ail ami woiimli'il ami folly prison.'is in llu-
hiimis of Ih.' Itoi'is. who .apliiri'.l iIk' kopj.s. Tho Hoii- loss was two
nun killi'.l ami fonr woumh-il. Tin- liuhl hiHt.-.l niitil lai.' in II v.n-
"" Ci'iii'ial Hiillir was only Iwi'lvo inil.'s from l-ailysinitli on Kcltniary
L'ltlh, Cohnso was lakiii, l.onl KoIhtIs' main army was on the way to
l!lo..mfoMti'i:i. ami <'f.mj.' was hol.linj: out, allhon>;h Kit.him'r was
poiimlii.ii iiim in his r.-ln-at in th.- Ii.'<l of Hh' Moil.l.-r Kiv.'r with nixty
laniion ilay ami ni;.'lit. lifrlilinf; ili'spciati'ly all tim ti
On III.' isili 111"' r.iilish inaili' a rush, lint Ilii" ili'sp.iati' ri'sistanci-
Ihcy (■n.'oiinlir.'.l i-.tiiLivil ili.' atlaik of no avail in Hit' fa. <' of a siipoiior
forip.
Th.' Hoir loinninmlnnt oiTiipi.'il an intr.'mlu'.l position in ilu- IhiI
of tl.' Mo.lilir liivor at Paarili'lnTf,' IMifl, whiih was a vi-ritabli" tloalli
trap, llrri' the Itoci-M were Murroiiiiil<-*l l>y lli*> llritiHh on Hiiiiila.v, tlip
isth, (ho lli^hlaml Itripiih- liiiii); on llu- hoiiIIi liaiik of llic rivi-r ami
a liii^'aili' of till' Sixth ItiviNi.iii on Iho north hank.
Till' hriiish inilcavori'il to fnvohip Ihf liocis, hut a Hliililiiirn n--
sistann- was olTi'iiil, ami lln-y wi-ri' niialili' to iiiakr hi-ailway acaiiiHl
III.' hail ol IhiIIi : , thi' IJo.'is ponii'il apiinsl tlii'in. Tin- l>iir|{ln'rH, on
I III' olhir hami, roiihl not h-avo lh<> Hh.'lli'rinu hanks of tlif river, which
loriiie.l a natural liieast work, without exposing theiiiNelveH lo the shell
lire of the llritish artillery.
The lli};hlaml Itripiile suiTereil heavily, ami. as at .MajserHfoiiteiii,
III.' men Were olill^eil to lie pl'olie .iwinc lo the lerrihle Itoer rille lire.
The t'anailians formeil a part of the f.irce which, iiniler rolotiel
.^mith Dorrieii, i rosseil the liver at the ilrift in a vain elTorl lo reach
the enemy's laap'i'. The little lioily of troops foiifrht gallantly, but
were eventually coinpelle.l to fall liack wilh severe loss.
That Cronje helil out as he ili.l was a marvel.
The Itritish untiM covereil the Hl'ipiii); liaiiks of the river on liolh
si.les.
i 'ronj.''s wapiim were linrnin^. his oxen ami horses hail lieeii killeil.
ami his men were perishiii}; iimler the incessaiil artillery lire.
His encampiiK'nt was exposeil to uii .'iitlladiii^ tire from emi to euil.
There was water for the heroic l>iir;;hi'r, hut no oilier reMoiirce.
llscape was impossilile when neilher liayoiiets were available for
a sortie nor horses lo carry Hie men away from a llritish piirsnil.
Kooiloos Kami was a terrible picture of cariia^'.- ami ho)M'leHs siif-
r.'i'in;;, anil yet rronje wmilil not yielil.
He was coiispii'iioiis for insensibility iluriii|L! the lloer war of imic-
peml.'iice, when the siiri'emler of the l'olcliefsli'o.Mn );arriHon was
secureil by the suppression of the iiew'H of a general arinistice arriin);<Hl
betw.'t'ii the llritish an. I Ihitch armies, ami when prisoners of war were
forceil to work where they w.'i'e exposeil to lire, ami were shot down by
their own friends.
This insensibility was revealed al raardeberK by hiin in liiH in-
difTereiice to the lives and HufTeriniJN of his own men, wliii wore con-
dui'lin;; a hopeless defense, and by his refusal of (ieiieral ItobertH* offer
of medical aid and protection to the women.
Finally the end came, beiiii; mad<> known in London by incnns of
LonI Uoberts' cablegram to the lin)ierial War Office:
iiiiila.v, the
• river iiiitl
iililxirii r<>'
ii.v ii|;iiiiiHl
ir^hi-rx, on
ivi r, wliiilt
III ilic mIicII
:<-rNriiiilciii,
ir rill)' tin-.
Irr <'iilolli'l
rl III rt-iirli
llnnllv, lint
•vr <in Imtli
Imm-ii killcil.
('Mil til ('Mil.
ini'. ^
Vllillllllf fiM'
Hnit.
ll|M'll-MN Hnf-
tvnr iif inilt'-
irriHiin wiih
<•»' arran|;<'<l
of war wi'ri'
ml iliiwn by
n in liiH in-
o wore ••on-
iibcrtH' offiT
by meanH of
dent which illUHtrates well th- letter S Jf iilJ"-".. "tu'.' " _?.''™'"'' .''"' ''."? "'! ""yh »'>">"''»"t ""'I '«. therefore.
!"1?."".'J!!."'* i« f"rn'«l,by the heat of battle, but
the irrentpr. Th^ A
} . Y"" !'"■;'. "t"'7,' *^"' *'"" '" "^^^ '" "uiiinnuv iii llie
tncment which lUustrateft well th*» l^ttpr Iciml »>r iia.r»;.... yu.. : it'... ' .7 - : --:• -;■:■""■""*.»■■«• ■!», mrrciiirv. me irrenipr. Tfi» <irMivi».. i*-— . .. . t '.
iil^'ilT"?:'.?"';'''? *"" ""*"?««; To obtafn"." frertiTupplyU w«"irel-L4?ry tocrii^Thc'S ^,7,' "Ij-Ti""- •''''* """»''"?'' •'«•' uiider'ffie"rTre' a T«ng"time"«nd
J .^3 •*^**** ,?^*'V^ *^ ^^y*— T*"* Hussar regiments of the British forces in Natal renden^ eicellent ser\Hce on scorning duty, being on nearly all occasions
used for this purpose. Our photograph furnishes evidence of the many dangers they undertook when falling suddenly upon a force of Boers. Two of the corps had worke<l
up on tile tight nank of a considemhle Roer mmmaiifln when tbev were sudderilv eonf rGnte*.! trith :: srriitt::*.;? r.irtv .".f'thsTrr.rir.v Ur.-«-.-ht ;.~. " .-.;-.- v-\» ''^' . , s
should lUKhr become necessary, while the other Hussar proceijdedto "pick'oij^B WV'o7two with iirsl^-tiaf'oM.^" He wMriiowererf we!l'protectcd"b7
work, a ndge of rock, from the Hying Boer bulleu. He succeeded in preventing a flank movement of the Boer tcouU and finally drove them from their cover.
(:/:xr.h:ii. ch'oxjn is cKCsmit).
301
•INinnh'lM'i'K, Fcliriinrv 27, 1!MH», 7:i:
"(Iciici-iil Croiij*' mill nil of hU r<
* a. III.
da.vllKlil mill Ih iiiiw ii lulHoiirr in iii\ cumii),
• •<<(' i'ii|iliiilahil iiiiroiiililitiiiiillv
lli'i- MajcMl.vV iJiivfiii ill will I'oiiwiilcr thi
H rVCIlt HH|iHfa(tof,V, OC-
lUViiiip; as K iIucm on the aiiiilvci-Haiv ttf .Majiiha."
l.oi(l l{(lll(■ll^'' lalff Hliin (if (lie Niii'i'ciiili'i- wuH at niirc Ki-apliii' ami
Holilici'l.v;
"I'aardclH'iji, II i.'iliick TiichiIii.v M<iiiiiii}j, I'clH-iiary 27, !!»(»(».
"Kniiii iiifiiriiialiiiii riiiiiislicil ilnih In iiic li.v llic liilclll>:(.|i((. \U'
I""' "• '• '"•••aiiH-appaiviil lliai flriirniMVoiij.'.':. fonc was Iht in;;
iiion- (Icpn-KmMl, ami dial llic iliHiiiiiiiMii nf liic imnpN ami ilic .lisn.it'l
aiiioiiK ||„. IrmlciH wci.- lapiillv ImicaNiiip;. TliU U-vWufi was •IimiIiiIchs
annilimtcil l).v the iliMapiMiiiitimni muxcd wlicii llic ll.ni- r.-cnfdm..
iiiciilN whicli (licil Id iciicvc (iciicial ("loiiji. ud-c ilifciKcd |(v our
iroopM nil Fcliriiai'.v 2.
"I icMolviil, lli.Tcfnic, III liiiii^- picmiiic lo hear iipnii Hie (mh'Iiiv.
Katli nielli iIk. iicikIiih wcic piixlifil fniwnnl lowaid il (.|ii.v*'n
laajjn- ho aH lo (iia.liiall.v nmliaci liis positi ami al ili<- si iliii<. w,.
ln.iiil.aiil.-.l il licavil.v with ailillfiv, wlihli v.as .v.si.iMlav maln-iallv
aided hv llic anival of four six-imli llowilzcis wlii.li I hml oidcml up
fioMi I>c Aar. Ill cairviiiK mil liicsc iiicasiir.'s a rapliv.- Iialloon (jnvo
pi-al assislamc hy kiM-piii},' iis infof d of llic disposilions and more-
iiiciiIh of I lie «'ncni,v,
"At :{ a. III. loda.v a mo, i dashing; advance was made liv lliu
<'anadiaii i-cKimenl and sonic cnpnecrs, snppoitcd bv llic Fiisl (iiinlon
lli«lilandci-N ami Second Sluopshlics, i-csiiltin;; in our Kniiiin;; a point
Home 111)0 .vaid-s iieaiei- llic cncni.v and within alioiil cl-hlv vaids of
hiK tmiclu'H, where oiii- men iiiliciichcd tlicniselves and maintained
ilu'ir poHitiouH till iiioiniiiK. a piilant deed woiih.v of oiir colonial com-
rades, and which, 1 am f;l<id to nay, was atlemlcd bv com)ianitivclv
sliKht loss.
"This apparenll.v clinche.l matters, for, nt da.vli^rht to-dav, a letter
signed bv (Jencral Croiijc, in which he staled lliat he surrciidered tin-
comlilidimlly, was broiijjht to our ontposis iind<'r a thm of inice.
"in my reply I lolil lieneral Croiije he must i>resent himself at mv
camp aud that IiIm forces mu8t tome out of tlieir laager after laviug
down their arms. My 7 a. m. 1 received OenernI I'roiije and diH|ialclietl
a tc|c<rraiii to v
nil aniioiinciiiK the fad.
riic Hlrcnuth of his force will be commiiniciilcd later. I hope tlmt hamis, and al
111 the course of conversation he asked for kind li
'eatniciil al our
so that his wife, niiindsoii, privalc'sccieiaiy, ailjiilant and
fcrvanis iiiiKhl acciunpany him whcicvcr he mlKlil I
lim and told him his recincst would be complied willi. I informed I
(c sent. I reassured
responsible for
. - .11111
that a p-nerai olJIccr would be sent witli him to Cape Town to insure
his heiiin in-atcd witli propcrrcs|ieci en ionic. He will siari iliis after-
mion under charjjc (if .Major (iemial I'letlyimin, who will hand him over
to the p'licral coiiiiiiaiidin;; al t'lipc Town.
"The prisoiiciiJ vim number about it.tldo, will !,,• fonncil into com-
mamloH under our own onicci-.s. Tlicy will also lca\.- liere to-dnv,
rcachiiiK; the .Modder Wiver tomorrow, when lliey will be niiicl lo r,ipe
Town in detachments. liUltlCUTS"
The (illlicrs captured by lleneral Ibiberts, besides (•eiieral I'ict
Croiije, iiichided t'ie following well-known c niamlcis:
Chief fommandant M. .1. Wolverans, member of Hie Nolksraad.
Field Cornet Friis, a Scandinavian.
Major Albrechl, famous ticrman artilleryman.
Major Von l»ewitz, the distin-rnishcd (iermaii olllce;
most of the splendid en^'inccriiij; works of the Itcers.
About 4,(l(ll» men w<'re surrendered with (ieneral Croiije, showing
that much of his force mamifjcd to es<ape eastward and noithward with
iiioHt of tlieKuns, only four Kriippsand two .Maxims being taken.
The day following the surremhT (Ieneral Lord Kcdieris cabled:
"Piiardeberg, Febnmry 2,\ IJtoo.
"Cronj.-, with his family, left here yesterday in cliaig,. of .Mnjor-
(Icneral I'letlyman and under the i-siort of IheCily Imperial Voliinlecrs
and mounted infantry. Later in llic day llic reimiiniiig prisoners went
ill charge of the Knv\ of lOrroll and e.scortc.l by the lilouccstcM ami a
hundred Imperial Vcdiinteers.
"The women am! cliildren are being sent to their homes. I tindcr-
Btand that great dissatisfaction was felt by the Boers at (Yonje's
refusal to accept my offer of safe conduct to the women and children
and iuedica! care for tlie wounded, 170 of whom are now in our liospiial.
Very many of tliem are in a terrible plight for want of care at uu earlier
Btage.
1'02
"1 iiispcclcil the Itcicf liiUfifi' vi'slciiliiv ami was niiiili sinick Itv tlu
iiiKcmiiiv aiKl cnci-iv wiih which I lie |iiisiti<iii was iiunlt' al st iin-
ltr«'j{iial»h' Id assault."
<iiiuial (rniijc anil his iiicii were aftcnvaids iraiis|Hii't*'(l lo St.
Ilflcna, whfit' NaiMdcmi was iiiiiirisoiicd, hut nnjiki' the >.'i-cat ('orslcaii,
Ihf Hint caplivi's, liavin^ ciniuffji to cat ami a ;;iiii(| phit'c to sh'cp, wtic
pcrffcilv ninlciil.
ai:.\r.h'.i/. ch'ox.ir. is cRrsiiF.n.
pcrifcnv riiniciil.
Wjiih- (icui'ial l!(p|;i'its' s;ralr|:.v hail Immmi triuniphani, (icncial
Huili'i's anliiiins wmk was also ciowiinl with snricss, for hi' ♦'Utcrcil
tlictowu of Laiivsniilhon Ihi'iiisi of .Maicli. lie liisplavi'il both palii'mv
ami tiMiacilv in ii'ii ilavs' rontiinioiis li;ililin';.
His suiii'ss in lain inj; liii- ItoiTs" posillon nrar Picici's rnalili'il
liiin to ii'lii'vi- l.ailvsniiih williin t wi'nivfour lioins of Majulia ilav, ami
In tills wax Join in Loiil Jtoln'i'ts' ii'lihiation of the Moit festival at
KiMiiloos Itanii.
xxooiioos UiUlll.
LonI l>iiiiilonalil. witli ilio Natal Cailtinfcis ami a coinposiio iTj^i-
nicnt, I'litcicd Laiivsinitli in triuinpli. as Ficmli liail iloui- al KiinliiTlcv,
anil tin- liiToir jianison was ovi'ijovcil whi'ii lie apiiraicil willi llii'
tiiiin^js Unit six liii};aili's wcii- loniinj; up lu'liinil liini ami thai tin- conn-
ti'v was rli-ai' of tile I'lH'iMv.
ii;\ n.isrii-aroi inri'iii'inv.
Till' sii'};i' of j.ailvsniitli liail lii'fruii Novrnjlirf L>. whi'ii n.i uiiiia-
tloii Willi ( *o||.nso was nit olT, on I lie ilay afliT i lii' ilisaslrr al Niiliolsoii's
Xi'k. It was a lonj,' ami wi-arisonu. ilcfciisivi' laiiipai.mi, iiii'iiiofalilo
iiiainl.v for ijio si-iii's of fjiiHant sorties plaiineil hv (iemial Wliile ami
for the valorous repulse of tlie enemv on .latiuary 11, when liie li-ililiii};
was of tlie iMosI desperate cliarai'ter.
The j,'arrisoii liad siilTered more lieavilv from disease ilian fnuii
tlie enemy's shell tire ami Iiiillets, as tlie forie had lieeii iedmed l.y
serious ti};htin<r and hy ravages of typlioid fever.
'ietieral Hiiller, wlieii lie entered the town, lo I ihal WhileV
soldiers had heeti rediiied in rations to half a pound of al daily, and
had heen livinjfon their horses ami mules. They were in desjierate
KtraitH. Their reserveH of ainintiuitioi were about e.vhausted, also.
M.\.irn.\ HILL WAS i!Kvi:x(ji:i) at last.
FriMii ''Denver Times."
Xineteeii years to a day after the battle of Majuba Kill (fouKht
■<■ .ruaiy L-,. ISSh, where the Kufilish fofee. under tieneral Sir (Sei.rKe
I .diey. siilleied defeat, (Jeiieial tVoiije. the ablest leader the Boers
possessed, sui reiiilered his army al I'aardebef!; to Lord Koberts after
desperate ti'jhliiiif lasliniu' tlirou-rh leu davs.
.lohu Hull is about to enjoy his meal, the Transvaal boar being a
favorite dish with him. Lord Koborts is about to serve it
■mJ^^^Z^^
T.
(ill (fnii);ht.
Hir (icoffip
' I he niKM-N
ihiTts afliT
mr being a
VIEW OF KOODOOSBBRO
became the scene
General Croiiji
by the Hi|{hlan<l
jistance.
j3 .2 ^ •= « :
-rrniSRi^':-
^3 a* > 9 *- *
S-S * S 2 o "
'' 5 B = >s.S
5 n Six ?^ o
£ M of « " ?■ Ji
5SJiS
w slE bo'" "-Sf
UZ
^S:j= g M 3 o „
m S go ^ ijS a
•e >^ 5 " M a
£^ ES.i So a
" p3 x =- s
u eS^" g a °
Oj
■ope
3*9 OtI o S
«) m a a *" *•
.53
■ £.0 * P « O u
' 0-c S S Mi ^-
( e- Si2f a s ■?
-f I:: j3 i; « 3 o •
!«t2 I S: •«&
UJ§
!LS*35J 3 S
*oS5o.'=g."
ID -5 .* 3 H " S
ciiAi"fi:i{ XIX.
THE «IK(iK (►!■' KIMUKKLEY AND HOW IT WAS IJAISEH HY
GEXEHAL rUENCH— (Ern. IJHOHES EEEU.S 4<l,()00
PEOPLE.
^HE Htdi'y of till' sicfjc of Kinibcrlcy, wliicli InstiMl
IL'2 tliivs, tile lii'i'oic (Icfciisc of its jfiirrisoii anil
citizi'iis, anil ils linal rcliff by '(icnt'ral l''r('ni'li
anil his cavalry, is a |ii'onil |ia^i> in En^lan !'s mil-
itary liistiiry. One Ininilrcil anil twriily if Kim-
bi'i'li'y's ili'fi'niliTs were Idllt'il anil wouiulcil.
Kinibcrlcy, lyiii^ clos-c to the boiiliT line of
V.^v^^i^'^^jR)^ tlif Transvaal anil tin- Oianjjc Fivi' State, was
, S ^W^kf^ t t''^' ''''**• l"wn to feel the iircssnrc of llii' ent'niy.
.Jsff^>-^ Forty mill's south of Mafckinji the armored
train lif^ht, wliitli ocinrred early in (Ictober, soon after the Hoer ultima-
tum was rereiveil in Lonilon, nmrketl the first blooil of Hie war. At
the same lime the railway to the south of Kimberley was nit. Mr.
Ceril lihoiles hail arrived in the town on (telober 11, and had exiiresseil
his intention of stayinj; there to see the tliinj,' tliroufih, ilei-lar!ii,i; — so
it is .'•■aid— that he eonsidered Kimberley "as safe as I'ireadilly." He
did not then realize — lU) one did in South Afriia or in England— that
for fo;ir months the town would be riu;;i'il round by hostile eiinimandos,
that a Hritish army would dash itself in vaiu a>iainst the "Oibraltar" of
the Map'rsfontein heights, and that the |>o]iiilatioa would !iave to
burrow in the ground and to desrend into the deep levels of the niiueH tu
eseajie death from six-iiu'h shells.
l'\ir Vl'i days they endured all. In the town, when it was sur-
rotinded by the Hoers, were four eompanies of Hie First Loyal North
Lancashire Heiiimeiit, a detachment of the Second Battalion of the
Rlnck Watch, a detachment of the Royal Enpfinrers, some spvenpound-
or K""**) "'"' t''*' I""'"! forces, which, under the ausjiices of Mr. Cecil
IJhoiics and the De Beers romjiaiiy, wefe raised io a very considerable
body. Willi these troops*, under the eouiiuaud of Colonel IJobert H. Keke-
206
wich, of the Laucashires, Kimberley proposed to tif;lit it out to the last.
So vast was the intliience and siieiii;ih of the ^reai iipiii|i,iny wliirli
ijoverns the "Diamond City" that it is said that at the 1 ml of the si,';:;i'
it was still |iossible to have niaintained the piipiilalioii Un- aiinlher six
weeks. To the He Beers Conipauy was mainly due the provisioniiiii- of
the town, the pvovidinjj of labor for the defensive works, the purcliase
of jl;uus and ammunition, even the nianufactiire of a lai.^e ;.;iin and the
shells it tired. Mr. Ithodes himself was tlie i)riiiiipal besieged resident,
and he did not hesitate to draw uiion the resources of Hie company to
the full. This };reat corporation fed ■K!,00t) people wilhiii a circum-
scribed area for four months.
Kimberley, witli its adjacent vilhifjis of IScacoiislield and Kenil-
worth, had no defensive [losition a''ouuil it save llinse which were ready
to hand in the "tailinn; heaps" of refuse earth after the diaiiioiid
wasliiu}!; from the mines. I'pon these the garrison built their saiidba};
forts, which were manned by the Town Ouard. The most important
fort was at the Premier Mine; it was from there that, after the Boers
had cut off the water supply derived fiiim the X'aal Biver on the north,
the main supply was |iumpeil by the He Beers Comjiany. This fort
was held by the Laucashires. The defense, with the exci'iitiou of <!lll)
refjular troojts, tvas conducted entirely by citizen soldiers literndy fi;;lit-
in;i for their hearths and homes, as most of them had their families
with them in the town, the siege bavin}; come upon them more or less
as a surjirise. The defenses of the town, thanks to the tailiiij;' heajis,
were in a satisfactory condition very soon after it became certain that
the town would be besieged. The great danger, of course, was the food
supply. Kimberley had to come eventually to horse and mule's flesh,
but it was not reduced to the straits of jiafekiug, where stray dogs had
to go into the pot au feu.
'■X-~>i0im -misMm
206
SIEGF. OF KIMBERLPS .iXD nOW IT If. is R.IISF.n.
Octnbor pusscd witlinut jiiiv event of iiiiiMiiiiiiice. Ainioicd tijiiiis
niiide ren.niiiiissaiices, iinil llieic was (lie (Mcasii.iial siillid of an ex-
plosion wlieii the Hoei's blew lip some railway culveils. Mr. Ulio*les
niove.| ahoiit .livsse.i jil;,. a simple Afiikamler fanner, an<l maile a y I-
lookinj; Mo-t. I'residi ni Kni;;c?- had put a price of *i;,0(l((,(Mi(l on his
head. On Noveml.er I (Jeneral Wessels, the Hoei- eoiniiiandaiil, sent in
wold he was "oinj; to iMiniltanl if Colonel Kekewicli <!id not siiiiciidei-.
Coloni'l Kekewieli refused to surrender.
Wessi Is therefore he.uan his liomlianlmeii'. whieli did i lo mii< li
damage. On NovemI)er U; and Jn and ::(> the }.'allaiit .Major Sniii-
Tiiiner made sorties, and he and twt nty-.«ne men lost iheip jives in the
third, made lowaids Wimbledon, in Ihe direetion fioni which l.oid .Me-
t linen's force was advancini;.
.Meanwhile .Methneirs relief cfdiimn had to ti;ilit its way past the
Itoer positions at nelimmt i.\ov( nilier l':n, (!ias fan c.'.-.ih) and ilie .Mod-
der liiver (2S\h). rias|ili;.l|| sij;nals were lli;:hlly exelian-ed bilween
the besiep'd and tlie relief foice, and after the lijudit <in the .Modder
l.'iver the immediate relief of the town was almost taken for u'liinlcd.
On December 1 the ;iaiTison frot into touch with the relief cohimil si;i;-
naller, and on the 4th Lord .Met linen reported that he had cros.s.Ml iIm-
Modder Kiver. When, on December 11, the people heard a ureal bat
tie iiom-i on beyon.i the hills of Spytfontein, and could see tli- shells
biirstin}; on tlu^ rid^e, they felt it was only a matter of horns till ihev
"■'''"■•" I "">■ deliverers. They looked an.xioiisly across the plain hop-
inj; to see the advancin;; troops, but all they saw was the lioen: helio-
^'raphinn; these words: "We have smashed up ymir column." That
was on the fatal day of .Mauersfoni.'in, .ind from that time till the mid-
dle of February there wt-w three months of weary waiting, .\fler the
liattle of th.' .Modder Lord .Met linen sent word tofoloiiel Kekeu ich that
the relief column would not be able to remain in the town any time
iinil that all non-combatants must leave. Colonel Kekewich <■< iiii-
nicated the message to the Town Council and it aroused niuch feelin;;.
If was f(dt to be hard that, after .■nduriiiK '> «!<■;:<', -'AWM people should
be called upon to leave suddenly without iirovision haviiii; been mude
for them, .\fter Maxersfontein, linwcvof, the (piestion was not as to
v.Iien the civilians should be turned out, but when the relief force would
g«'t in.
Methnen having been checked, Kiniberley went tlirou^rh ;, !,,jur i,,„|
weary spell of wailing, and it was il„.n that Mr. Itliodes and the Do
'"'■'•" " ""''"'"> •■"""■ '"'■"•"•'" > iHip of town, l-rovish.ns u..t
.scarcer and scar.er (chickens in .lanuary cost l'.-,,s. each, ejrus lN. ,,,,1.)
belie works we... started on whi.h I.t.tMm men were employed at a cost
-d -,0(.0 a week Mr. Labram before his death built armored trains
'" ';-'":"*' "'"' "'" »•! ^!"" «i"' <"'HaKe and shell complete which
""""" ''""'■ " I'"""- " a ""' Hoers wln.n ..n danuarv I!t it .suddenly
i'"";;-' '";<■; <•" I-'"N.<ry !• Mr. I.abram was killed i,y a shell from
!"■ !"<■'• 1^1,:; -Anu which had beniin bonibardi,.;; the town from Kani-
ersdain on . annar.y T. Mr. Khodes then otfere.l the won.en ami cliil-
I..-, the sh,.|ler ol the mines, and LMi.M» of them went down into the.leep
levels. Kverylhin^r ,vas <lone for their c.uiifort.
•". I'ebruary II) Kimberley heard Iron, Lord l.'ob.TtN that he was
=il"'>ii to ben,,, „,,ive operations. The Cavalry Divishm of his army
was «<.<l.erin,u ut Knslin ami (iras I'an. ami on the llil. had be«uu its
""." 'f"' '"'•■ '" K"nl'<->ley. Dekbd's Drift on th,. Itiet Uiver was
seize.1; the Itoers holdin- it we.v attacked by a storm of shell fron'i
forty-two onus, and i^ave way within half an hour. From DekiePs Drift
tlH. cavalry and arnlhry piess,.d dm. north to Ihe Modder Hiver ami
'" '•"'"' ""• "■''"''• •'•" flK.nsand men and l..n batteries of arti'llerv
liiivin- no,,,. ,.,mi|det..|y rouml Ihe left Hank of Cronje's p..sition at Ma-'
ersfoniein. swept into the plain of .Vh..\amlersfonlein.
''''""' '>' '"'" "'"' I''"'" "•■'« " wonderful sii;l,t; the kopjes all
;•""""' ''"'■'■ '"• y "-"■•■^ "h. nre.1 a li,.avy tire into tiie a.lvan..in.'
iioisemeu. They weiv drive t as th,. ,„ln.nn sw,.pt along lhnu,l,.r
mg "v..r the v,.|.lt. For mil,.s this .rr,.at ri,l,. was kept np; hors,.s, worn
out by 11... h,.avy work of th,. p.ist thre.. ,lay.s, f,.|| an.I .lie.l, rolling in
t I,- dust, ami th,. «nns w.r.. ,lragg,.,l along with .litH.-ulty bv t,.aniH
that w,.r,. ahiList .l..a.l b..at. lint tli,.r,. was n.i ti t.. pans,. The
'■•duniii sw..pt .,n. ami, lik.. magi.-, Kimb..rl..y was r,'li,.v,.,l. The p,.,.-
''''■ ^"'* -'■'■"' ''"'" "■'"""'. •••mieoiit int,i the plain, ami in a mom nt
("uml tlu.ms, lv,.K in th,. pr,.s,.n,-,. of their d,.liverers. Th,. pal,' w en
ami ehihlirn .am., up from th,. iniii,.s. Kimb,.rl,.y hnngont (lags an,l ,l..i-
orations, th.. worn li.,r.s,.s ami im.ii w,.r,. ,.h,.,.r,.d an,l patt,',l an,l kisse,]
aiHl III,. sulTerin-s of ih,. past w,.r,. forgott,.n in that great moment
Th,. f.dlowing ,.xtra,ts from th,- .Ifary of a citizen of Kimb.-rley t,.!!
tlie story of tli,. sn(T,.iings of the garris,.n ami jn'ople cm-isely, yet in a
p!ctures(|iit' way: "^
A RECONNOISSANCE UNDER DIFFICULTY
3es« was the custc — -*--- • -
the eiiemv is found.
for the atfvancing 11..,.=... ^..^ icuiu were severa
berg dutrict on tleir way to the relief of Kimberlev
fc -^~^^^^^»fo^ 5?^^- '^""^la^sa-ss^
e e„e„,v i, foun... . The-^^^lc^w The country weuTn whfch U.erwVrl'c^L'rcttrre'r; '^IJ""' '" "T ' °7>-'..-T- """i i" SX ^to «^Ve U"' whenev;^
for the aJvancinK Bntish. The reaulta were several British surprises and ^rerelo^f 1-^11,^1. ?' "*'(''"'' °9<=^'i""^ ''«<» intrenched themselves stfonX n reamne«
rg dutrict oa tletr way to the relief of Kimberlev, As e«n ia^h1'':u"ftr?tio^^ Jh^ are Wnruudc'r dhlr.tj'llltll'^' .^.':Tr5\iil''r.!» "" « ^ecoauoissaX^"'t"/JoTe"
A» »«Pn i£ th- i! u-tr7l nn ih»J^ » .■••u«™uon snows Uenerul French's forces
n. n ^ la. :iii„tration, tliey arc moving under diUiculty, being under IJoer tire.
I .■ \
•- - C w 05 1,
1^ Sa ^H
lihll,
stilus
S'g^sl'S.g
"bo- Utj^
SI'S 3.5 »:
&^
2 o v 9-0 « _
Bjd S S if: ^ °
: (5 S n « J
■< * S 25 a
r.s-gS-SoS.
-hits.?
If I ill
ainCR or KIMBI-.RI.EV ,iXn now IT WAS RAISED.
".Tnn. 11— Scurvy nttiukH llio nntivcH nlnriiiiiifily. Tlio.v luc tlyiiifr
fnHt. Tlic itniisioidiKicH aif cxIniuHtcHl. Vine cntiin-jN in., licin^j niitl
in lien of ^rccn Utm\.
"Jim. 12— TyplioMl Ih picvalcnt. Failuiv to boil tin- wiitcr (Ik- \\\'»h-
iililc ciinst'.
"Jan. l.'{— Fifty typlioiilH in tlic hospitals.
"Jan. Hi— The military antlioriticH liavcconiniandfcrcil all the food-
staffs anil other stores. Leave has been fjrantetl to the Inhabitants to
shoot small birds for food.
"Jan. 17— The ninles slaufjlitcred are pronouneed Hiiiu'rior to horse
flesh.
"Jan. 24— Five hundred shells poured into the town at haphazard,
the hospital, scurvy compound and residences recei^inj,' the attention
properly due to the earthworks.
"Jan. 2-.— A small family shell-proof shelter han been dn<{ in nearlv
every }>;arden.
"Feb. II— Twenty five hundred women and children were lowered
into the mines tliron}{liout tlie ni^dit. The men were also seli'ctiiij,'
placi's of safety.
"Feb. 15— Ilelio sifrnals announce ajiproach of (Jenernl French, and
we all thank (lod heartily."
Everythin-; was not happy in Kimberley, however, apart from the
famine, the Hoer shcdls and the ravages of disease. Mr. Hliodes com-
plained continually of the autocratic and dominecrinf; manners of the
military; that is, the (iflO rejtnlar troops under command of Cohmel
Kekewich, when the reality was that the defense was beiuj; conducted
practically by the citizens.. In reply to this the oflicers commandintr
the trooj.s accused Mr. Hliodes and bis friends of livin-; hifjh and siltiu};
down to ban.|uels <'vi'ry niifht when the people were starvinjt, which
Khodes answered by sayiuj; it was not true; but that, on the "onfrary.
had it not been for him not only the j |)le of Kimberley but the };ar-
rison as well wonhl hav(> starved to death. Rhodes further insisted
tliat Kimberley c(uild linvp gotten along without the troops at all, as the
209
citizens had dcuie lh<- heavy work while the soldiers stood around and
looked as piclly as they could.
This sort of controversy increased in acrimonv as the dnvs went on
Mr. Rhodes told the commanding officer that justice should be done
the citizen siddiery, and was himself tcdd by ('(donel Kekewich to at-
^ ' f" '"'^ "«" "«■"''«• This so angered Khod.'s that he at one time
(li.)ught seriously of withdrawing f 1 supplies fnun the garrison for
a time for ilie pmiM.se of showing the scddiers how much thev depended
upon him for what they ate, but upon being told that su<h a "proceed in"
vvoul.l alTord a line spectacle for the world at larg." he changed his
mind.
So fai' as Colonel Kekewich was concerned, he merely smiled when
bliodes' thr.'at was rejieated to him, and said that if it became neces-
sary he wonid get food for his men at the mcnitlis of his machine guns.
Hefor.. the sieg<. was rais.'d the era of good feeling again prevailed
and Rhodes and the .s(ddiers became quite good friends, while the citi-
7.<'us of Kimberley began raising ney with which to erect a statue to
the great tinaiicier in recognition of his services during the Ion" and
trying im))risoiiment. "
Just after the relief column anived, Rhodes, in the course of n
si)eecli, said, in referring to th(> war, that he considered it a puzzle why
it had arisen. The Transvaal and the Free State were not republics,
he <h(lared, but oligarchies, and had been long conspiring to seize
British South Africa. Fach <Joverunient was simply a small political
gang wlio humbugged the po.n- Dutchmen, appealing to their patriotism
and dividing the spoils among their coteries. The Afrikander had been
w.uking twenty years for iiid<'peuden<<>. lie said that former Presi-
dent R.-itz, of the orange Free State, had years ago avowed that his
only ambition in life was to drive Fngland out of Africa.
After showing Ik.w Kimberh.y ha.l been defended bv citizens, of
wlumi 12t) had been killed or woumled, and thanking (Jeneral French
for his gallaii* ride. Mr. Rhodes doseil brilliantly, asserting: "We have
done our duly in jiresi.rviug and i)rotectiug tile greatest commercial
asset in the world. Her Majesty's flag."
BHmSH TROOPS MARCHINO INTO JACOBSDAU-Thr rrJirf ,-,f K™h^r!.y wa. followe-l bv trt. ,ky, of harf marchinR. maneuvering, (iglltiUK «..d s«ppi,.K.
during which the Boers displayed their usual stubborn courage and the Bntish fought gallantly and endured hardships in a most praiseworthy manner: The result was the
unconditional surrender February 2,, of General Cronje and about 4,000 of his men to Ix>rd RoberU, near Paardeberg, making about 5,000 prisoners captured up to that
time fince Lord Roberts campaign began. The illustration shows a detachment of British troops marching into Jacobsdal on their way to join the forces to attack Ueneral
the
that
eral
u A 9^^^'^^ ??^J1*^"„P ^^^. S^"^*^ ^^ KIMBERLEV.-When General French cut loose from the Colesberg .listrict under orders to relieve Kin.berley, which
?"*ilfl^"**^'l''^M'";^""'"?'""''^°J1°'H'''"-"'"''™' ™'i'' 8"=l;«'-.''''?'y.a"'l"P''''ly that he rude into the town within a few hours of the time estSkted by
I^rd Roberta The «1 "tration is of a part of his tr.x)ps neaniig Kimberley in Klip drift on the morninK of the relief. It is ID a. ni. The enemy is droppinKVhrapndl
along the drift where the 9th and 12. British Lancers are moving forward, squadron by squadron. As the Uncers got into the midst of the fire the waifof "L "T?ot"
arose, theii the disunt u-a-a ra-ra ot the ••v.hargc." aad away they weul sweepiug into the flaU on the road to Kimberley. In a short hour the Boers were sweot aside and
scattered and the town relieved. =<»<:i.i umc ouu
I
HON. J. H. HOFMBYER,
hmdn at Afrikander Bond Part; in Caps
CoIoDjr,
HON. W. P. RTHREINER
COMMANDANT WEILBACH, ''"'"" "' ^"" "^""^ '
Prominent Boer Commaadef.
CiES. 8CHALK BDROER,
Id Cororoaod of Biieii on Eaataro TraOBTaal
Border.
, GENERAL CRON.IE,
In ComruNnd of Boers on We^t*
e^D Transvaal Border.
wit jiir« ^fX}i,7^? ""' "KITISH 80DTH AFRICAN SERVICE.
IU,T..aEN. HILDYAHU. MAJ.43EN. FRENCH.
„.,.„„„„.,,,„ M.U.<1BN. SIB H. E. COLVILE. "*''"="^ '•««■•^'"•
COL. T C. POBTEB. 1UJ..0EN. FlIZBOV HABT.
CHAPTKR XX.
HOW L.vnYSMITIl IIKI,I> OIT Vi
EISAI. DIXDONA
TTER Hiim>Hnfiilly flf;li(iiif,' Hie Hikm-s ut Diimh'*' Hill anil
Klaiiilslaiijitc, but siilTcriii},' tiic Iosh of several Ininilreil
lueii, nioNdy taken piisonerN, at Mclidlson's Nek, (ieneral
Sir Oeoffie Stewart White, eoniniandinH tlie Miil-
U\i foiees in Natal, was foned to retire inio
Lailysniitii with about 12,000 men and difend him-
self a^iiiuNt successive attacks for a period of foiii-
months, lie held out with the y:realest perliinuity
ill the face of every conceivable disconra;;enu'nl,
^ij^ but was rewarded for his heroism at last by seeing;
the Hoers driven back and his relief finally accom-
plished. From the date of tin declaration of war the one all-impoi'tani
IHisilion, alike the objective jioiiit of the invadiu}; army under .loubert
and of the relieving army under Huller, was the town of LadySniith,
situated amon<{ the hills of Xortliern Natal and almost on the very
border of the Transvaal U"i)nl)lic.
As a strate;.'ic iioint of vantajie Ladysinitli was admitted on all
hands to have been ]U'aclically worthless. So far as the m(>re further-
ance' of the war was concerne<l, refjarded from its strategic side, the
taking' of I.adysniilli was not desired by the Hoers. The place was not
fortitied. Its occupation would have been of no sjtecial advantajje to
the Hoers. It was cb-feiided only by trenches, and its natural position
was not easily <lefensible, recpiirinf; an nnu.sually larfje force of troops
to ludd it.
Hut it was not the importance of its location that ma<l(> the Boers
so enfier to seize and the Uritish so anxious to defenil and relieve the
famous city and camp. The place had been selected aw the site for tlie
principal British military depot of South Africa. This selection had
been vifjorously but unavailin'rly objected to by General William
Francis Butler, commander of British forces in South Africa, who was
213
HI IVH-R MdXTlIS rXTIL (IKX-
l-D'S AKUIVAI..
rc'nioved just before the lieKinniuR of hostilities. Ills protests became
lou(h-r and more nrgent when K^'nt military stores bepm to accumulate
in the camp, but the authorities paid little heed to his warnings an<l
continued to |iile up stores in I.adysmith, in spite of the preparations of
(lie Transvaal for war.
'" ""'""I r< ieneral White at Ladysmith nmmunition amountini;
in value to ,<i."(,000,00tl and commissary stores of a like a>;};renate were
wiirehoiised when the Boers declared' war. This was the reason why
l.adysmilh was tli utiial objective of the contemlin>{ armies, as wel'l
us why (ieiii i-iil White did not dare abandon the position before he wa8
>*'"•' Klcil by the invaders from the Transvaal.
It was the 1st of November, ls!t!», when (Jeneral White was locke<l
up in l-advsmith. It was February 2StIi the pirrison was relieved. He
'"'"' ' " J"''"«'«l I'.v General Yule with the advance force of the Xatal
iirniy, who succeeded (ieneral Symons, killed at the battle of Dundee
Mill, and every iireparation was made to hold out to the last man.
(ieneral White was amjtly supplied with food and ammunition, but the
siifferinj: in the camp was very };reat owinj,' to the ravages of enteric
fever and the irenenil ill health of the troops, caused by the vitiation of
the water of the Klip Biver, from which the camp and the town drew
their supply.
(ieneral Buller's army of relief bejrnn to arrive in South Africa
about the middle of November, and by December he had under his
coniniaiul about ;{0,000 men, most of whom he cotilit use in the battle-
tield owinp; to the fact that his line of communication did not req lire
a lar};e }juaril. On December 15 he tried to cross the Tugela and lost
eleven };uns and more than 1,000 men.
(Jeneral Buller's second attempt to cross the Tugela was made
January 17, 1000, but on January 25 he was again forced to retire.
-Meanwhile he had fought the bloody six-day battle of Spion Kop, where
1'14
iioir /..invsumi ui.i.n on roR pocr \to\'Tns.
twoniv-jjix (illiccrs were killfil iiml Iwciiiv wdinnlcd. Tlir liital HriiiNli
fiiliiliiii's wi'ic iii'iitiv <in(i.
Oil I'lliiiijin J tii'iK'i'iil Itiilli r, wliiixc fniTi's hail lii'cii ikiw iiii;.'
liii'iilt'il l.v I'O.IKHI, iiiiikiMj,r IiIh i,,t„| f,„.,.,., llicni't.tinilly. .'0.00(1, itohnimI
till' iImt fill- till- tliji'tl liiiii'. lull ifircainl tlim- ilavs Inici'.
nil rcl.iiiiin U! (iciii'i'iil Itiilli.r liryaii his foiiiili att.'iii|i(. Wlillc
linlli sides Wfif |iic|iailiii; fcir lialllr, iicws iif llii' Itriilsli iliaimt' of raiii-
jiai^ii plans In ihc west icai Inil the llm is in Natal ami tlirir rnntiiii'iicf
was wcaki'inil. .Manx nl' llirif ti |ih wcif dinwii iilT to iiiaiili citliiT ii>
tlii'ir rapital in tin- imrlli nr to the relief nf (ii iiefal Cn. iije In the west.
After line nf Iwii skiniiishes, ill which the liner |iiisitiiiiis mi the kepjes
were taken, the advailc e pnrtiiill f tleiieral llllllel's illliiv. with lielieljil
iMiiiiliiiiald ill eiiinniaiiil, inarrhen mtn l.advsniith.
On three sides id l.advsiniili rise niiincn"— hills ftfm two to live
miles awav. On these siiinniiis the lt<"rs nimi,, , .il tliHi mis. Aliimst
I'Ver.v dav after the sieee licLnin (iellei.il liililiert and f-. Iialkenlier;;er
lillsied themselves willl liomhai'dllielits, ih, elTeels of m'm.Ii were never
verv sericills.
On Novellllier "1 and '.l and Meeelillier 1*, ISIHI, liesieeers mid he-
siencd eii;;a;;ed ill small skiiinishes, and on heeenilier S the Natal
Volmileers mid Iinperial l.iy:hl Horse, under (leneial Hunter, made a
sortie on (inn Mill, destroviiijj: two lii^r fjniis and ia|ilmed a tield eiiii
and a .Maxim.
I.ielltelii.lil Tidonel Metcalfe on Itecemlicf I I liiadi' a siirtie with the
seciind ritle liiiiLiade and destroved a howit/.er y;mi on Surprise Hill, Inn
he had to tone his wa.v liiiik with the ba.vonet. In this sortie the Itritish
lost twelve men killed and fort.vone wounded. On hecemlier L';.' the
howitzer eiiii destri'ved on Surprise Hill lt,v .Metcalfe's men was replaced
hv the liners.
On .laniiarv (I, I'MIO, the I'.oers attacked the positimi in force, Inii
wwe driven hack li.v Oeneral White with {iival loss. The Hoers liiid
hecn re-enforced from the south, and for seventeen hours tie- luittle
raj;ed fiercely No accurate liuiires have been ;iiven of the Itoer loss, hiil
they were reported lliroiiiih Itritish sources as very heavy. The liritisii
losses were siilisei|iiently reported to have been 4SS killed and woiimlei),
the Karl i.f .\va hein^r amoii}! the dead. The iillack h\ Hie Hoers was
interpreted as a liiial elTorl to reduce the place before Riiller had time to
relieve it, and Oeiieial White's repulse of the Hoers was hailed through-
out (Jreat Hriiaiii us a ki*'"! victory. It was fell then that the Lady-
smith Harrison had proved its ability to hold its own, ami that as pro-
visions were not scant there was no doubt that the citv was safe until
Hiiller could perfect his plans and release the beleaKiiered li pH.
Heavy rains followed the Hoer attack, ami for a week the bombardment,
which the Hoers had kept up continually, was suspended. In Oreal
Itritain all eyes were on Oem-ral Huller, whose turning movement was
expected to end the sii'He.
About .laniiaiy 1.". the Hoers resumed the bonibardment more vipir-
'""*'> '''■' •■""•'■• '""iv-nns Mufi put in position, but lieliofrraph mes-
suKes from the city reported that little damage was bein- dime. The
y:arrison kept in hi-h spirits over expectations from Oeneral Hnller's
opeiiiions. A heliograph messap. on .laniiary Ul" reported that liie
bombaidment was mit doiny; much damap> ami had slackened, but the
men were hecomin^' heart-sick because of hope deferred.
That there were traitors and spies, white as well as black, in the
yarrison of l.adysmith was certain. The Hoers never failed to riM-elvc
notice of Hritish movements, (ienr.ij .loubert, imi I, is sahl to have
been very an^ry because on one occasion he had not heard of the order
coiinlernimidiii;; a ni;:ht attack.
He complained of (ieiieral White's want of consideration in keepiuj;
the biiinheis out of bed on .Mournful .Monday the name '/iwu bv com-
mon consent to the day of Nicholsen's Xek. The Hoers pm' disastrous
proof of ac.piaintance with Oeneral White's plans by withdrawing' their
main body from the center of attack and pie|iarin}{ an ambush for the
Oloiicesters and Irish Fusiliers.
The horses and oxen suffered, tli(> supply of fodder having been
exhausted and the limited area of .rra/.in}; Kidunds having; been cropped
to the last blade. tJroceries ran out, jmiiv water was scarce, whisky
sold at :!.*> cents a bottle, and milch cows were commandeered for beef.
Those were real and trying' discomforts, but more oppressiv. j,',,;). all
the hardships endured was the dreadful monotony of the mx''-
In addition to other evils l.adysmith was altlicleil with .: fi!:,<:iie <u
tlies more terrible than any that oppressed the Kjiyptiann. Thoy de-
scended upon the pirrison in clouds— noisy, vorncions. stinclut? pestH,
attackiiif; every exposed part of the body with censelosH enerfjy, hold-
ne,<s and nnllinchinjf determination. Every dish on the table was black
Hk'i these tonueuts, so that it was often literally impossible to »w? the
It llic l^ady-
llllll IIM pl-O-
IN Nliri' lllllil
'I'Cll ll'<l(l|IH.
iiiltiinliiifiit,
. In Oi't'iit
Vt'llU'Ilt WUH
iiiort' vinor-
'i^'i'apli iii(>H-
<loni>. TliH
ml Itiilli-i'H
I'd (lull tii(>
icti, but llit<
latk, ill tli(>
I to rtH't'ivc
aid to litivc
i)f tilt' order
I In kct'piug
ll'll liv colll-
' disiiNlroiiH
iiwiiij; tluir
iiihIi Tor ilif
living 1m'«'U
'ca ('ro])|K><I
fvo, wliiHky
I'd for beef.
V.' l!.;^A' il!l
Tht-y de.
cini! pi'HtH,
it'i'fjy, hold-
' was black
; to Bee the
t. . .? . ,^ , ,wT- S*\'Na THEIR OUN.— Had it not Intii fur the lanilinK "' marines and marchinK them will; lieir lieavy guns to I,advsmilh, there is no doubt
but that Oenenil White would have beeu obhged to surrender the city to the Boers. "LonB Tom," a big gun operated v the Boers, was in a position to do much damage
to the town»nu "» occupants. The guns brought to Ladysniilh by the blue-jackets were of sufficient caliber and rani;^ to materiall- overcome "Loru Tom" and save the
Iwrrtj. Several stjus'';: " raonncs were .wat to the reiict oi lIic bcBletjed lowii, mu! nssisitrii in iimkiug liic occasion iuui -siing lo ihe Iwsiegers. ihe^rtist has caught the
impression of a critioil moment and presented it in the illustration. A naval aquad conveying ■ heavy gun has come w:thin range of the Boer guns, and is making every
exertion to get out of the way of the Boe.- shells and save the gun. j a j o e 6 > u.«k«m5YH,
11° is ill
"'ES £^ a 8
lit
►;; sj jjS a«
uhtUf
§
. gas g- 4, J
.^bJj5 Sufi's
.SS
t| « a w I
41 " S^a ''MB
■■3 -S -e E B = « S
rt *^ o (d fi « S I
n't: A <
;/0/(' LADVSMITll HELD OUT I-OK roCK MOXTffS.
217
food or to i-arry it to tlip mouth without the rislc of Hwullowiug st-ores
of the poiHououM inwccts.
CaiiuonH instoiul of carolH greeted the jjarriMon on ('hristnias inorn-
iu<;, 18!)!t. The roar of Long Ton» and the crash of Hhelln bade the troops
and citizeUH awalvo and salute the nuliappy morn.
At niiduiglit an enemy crept to the foot of (^lesar's Camp, and, liav-
ing flred tive shots, sliouted to the indignant Mandiesters: "Compli-
ments of the season, A merry t'liristmas." Tliis was adding insult to
injury.
If shrapnel and shell could make a merry Christmas the garrison
had no cause f<u' complaint. The Uoers were determined that a tone of
solemnity should blend with the Britisli conviviality and that the
thunder of their guns should accompany the anthem sung in the little
stone church with the shattered jiorcli.
It was a bright (^hristmas morning. The midsummer sun beat
down upon the gasping plain and made the beleaguerwl ones pant for a
breath of chill northern air. Nothing in nature in the asp«H't of the
town recalled the gayety or the solemnity of the day. There were
neither carols nor church bells to awaken tender and sacred memories.
The messages of peace on earth and good will to man <'ame shrieking
through the heavens on wings of melinite and burst in murderous frag-
ments where they fell.
Some went to church and heard Archdeacon Harker deliver a mes-
sage of hope, others to cliurch parade, where Chaplain Tuckey moved
the troops almost to tears by pathetic references to home and family
connections supposed to be strongest at that time of the year.
In the evening all strove by many devices to imagine they were
having a niern* Christmas. .VII were iu excellent spirits, and far into the
night the Boers heard the laughter an<l song of town and camp. ,
Only in one room, however, was the illusion complete. There are in
this town no fewer tliau 200 children of Kuropean parentage. Why they
were permitted to run the risk of bonil)ardment was a qtiestion that may
some day demand an answer. There, however, they were, and it was
determined that they, at any cost, must have something to remind them
of a siege ChriatmaH.
Colonel Darnell of the national mounted police, a veteran whose
serA'ices date to the Indian mutiny. Colonel Frank Rhodes and Major
Knrri Davis, the Johannesburg reformer who underwent imprisonment
rather than pay the tine imiKised after l)r. Jameson's raid, organized a
Christmas tree. Stores were desjioiled of toys and books, and the
branches of cedar trees were heavy with the delights of childhood.
Four of these green Santa Claus trees were ranged al« ng the center
of the hall, Cireat Britain and South Africa in the middle, with Canada
and Australia on each side. Upon the walls were such mottoes as "Ad-
vance, Natal," and ".May the New Year Bring Happiness," and the
children were as happy as though war, famine and horrible death had
never existed.
On February 27 General Buller took Pieter's Hill, the Boers' main
position outside Ladysmith. Flis story of the capture, as told in his
official rei)ort, was a rather picturesque one:
"Headquarters, Illandwani, Februarj- 28, 1900, 5 a. m.
"Finding that the passage of Langewacht Spruit was conmmnded
by strong intrenchments, I reconnoitered for another passage of the
Tugela. One was found for me below the cataract by Colonel Sandbaeh,
Boyal Engineers, on F«>bruary 25.
"We commenced making an approach thereto, and on February 26,
finding that I could make the passage jiructicable, I crossed the guns
and baggagt> back to the south side of the Tugela, took up the pontoon
bridge on Monday night, and relaid it at the new site, which is just
below the jjresent marked cataract. During all this time the troops had
been scattere<l, crouching under hastily constructed small stone shelters
and exposed to a galling shell and rifle fire, and throughout they main-
tained! the most excellent spirits.
"Tuesday Oeneral Barton, with two battalions of the Sixth
Brigade and the Dublin Fusiliers, crept about a mile and a half do«n
the banks of the river, and ascended an almost peri)endicular cliff of
about 500 feet, assaulted and carried the top of I'ietei-'s Hill.
"This hill, to a certain extent, turned the enemy's left, and the
Foiirth Brigade, under Colonel Norcott, and the Eleventh Briga<!e, Col-
onel Kitchener commanding, the whole under command <if General
Warren, assailed the enemy's position, which was magnificently carrietl
by the .'^outh Lancashire rcginipnt nbout siHif^et.
"We took about sixty prisonei-s and scattered the enemy in all
directions. There seems to be still a considerable body of them left on
and under Bulwana Mountain. Our losses, I hope, are not large. They
218
HOir L.IDysMITIl HELD our FOR l-Ol'K MOXTIIS.
cprtainly ar»' mucli less tliaii tlu'.v would have been were it not for tln>
admirable manner in which llic arlilicrv was served, especiall.v the s;uns
nianutil bv the roval naval force and the Xalal inival volunteers.''
Helief to the ini|ii'isone<l >;arrisoii came unexpectedly on that ever
memorable 2Sth of Febrnarv. At noon the tiriiiu; of tieneral Hullei-'s
army seemed (o recede instead of ap])roach, and the garrison was con-
sequently depressed. Suddenly, everybody was startled to hear the
j{aiTison's 4.7 ji\m firing;. It had not been used much, owinj; to the
diminishing: annnunition, and it \Vas evident something was up.
On hurryinjir out the jiarrison found that the Itoers were (ryinjr 1)
remove the biji ^un on Huhvana by thr erection of a derrick. This
proved that something; extraortlinary was happening'. The other finv-
rison jjnus then directed their lire on Hulwana, with the residt that the
Hoers were conip<dled to abandon the attempt with the derrick. Later
on they placed the f;un on a waj;on, which capsized in a donj^a and the
piece was abandoned.
During the afternoon, whenever the Hoers were seen approaching,
the Hritish resumed the shellin^'^ of Hulwana. About 4 o'clock a territic
thunderstorm broke over the town, just after a niessaj;e had been helio-
f;ra])hed from Waju'on Hill (hat the Hoers wi'fe in full retreat. Some of
the officers said they believed ihey coulil descry Hritish cavalry, l)nt
most people supposed the wish was father to the thou<;lit.
Ah soon as the storm ceased the Hritish ^uiis niipened on Hulwana,
gradually concentralinj; tie tire on the left and driviuf; the Hoers before
them, with the object of jireventinfj; the enemy from hamperin;; any
British approach.
An hour later a party of Hritish horsemen on the dead run could
be seen crossinir the flat below Hidwana at a distance of some miles,
nnd soon the ;;allant iMindonald was inside the town.
It woiihl be impossible to describe the excilement and enthusiasia
ainon^ the troops that followed. Most of the townspeople had be<'n
driven into the houses by the storm and did not learn the Kood uew«
until later. Then they rushed out into the streets nnd a gonernl jubila-
tion followed.
The sl(U'm broke out ajjain at 7 o'clock in the evening' and continued
until 2 o'clock the next niorniiifr, which .seriously hampered the retreat-
iu},' Hoers.
Lord Dundonald's force went after the retreatin-; Hoers, while 4,000
of the best men of the garrison went toward Klandslaa<{te in the hope of
beiuf; able to cut ofl' the retreatiu}; bnrijhers, but -jot there too late, aH
the Hoers had lost no time in ;;etlinfj; away and out of reach.
The relief of Ladysinilh cost hundreds of lives but the Rritisb
jM'opIe considered it cheap enou>:li, for the stubbornness of the defense
excited universal admiration. In every part of the Hritish Knipire the
relief was celebrated with the greatest n'joicinu;s, tempered, however,
by the fjrief of lho.se who had lost fathers, sons and brothers dnrinn the
tierce finhtinfr. La<lysiuith was put by the side of Lucknow, and tieneral
While returned to Kn-tland; he was received by the people with uu-
bouiuled enthusiiisiu.
The force under (ieneral White's comniand in Ladysmitli was com-
posed as follows, and is a veritable r(dl of honor:
Infantry— Seventh Hrifjade: First l)<'vons. First (iloucesters. First
Manchesters, Second «ioidon llif;hlanders. Fi;;hth Hrii^'ade: First
I{oyal Irish Fusiliers, I'irst Leiceslers. First Kind's Woyal HiHes, Second
Royal Dublin Fusiliers. Not brifraded: First I.iverpocds, Second Hide
Hrifjade, Natal .Mounted Hilles, Natal Horderers.
Cavalry— First Krafjoon (Juards, Fifth (Ifoyal Irish) Lancers,
Fiffhteenth Hussars, Nineteenth Hussars, Imiierial Li}{ht Ilor.se, Natal
Liflht Horse, Natal t'arbiiu'ers.
Artillery— Thirteenth Hattalion Hoyal Field Artillery, Twenty-first
Hattalion Hoyal Field .Artillery, Forty-,secoiid Hattalion Hoyal Field
.\rlillery. Fifty-third Hattalion Hoyal Field Artillery, Sixly-seventh
Hattalion Hoyal Field Artillery, Sixly-niuth Hattalion Hoyal Field Ar-
tillery, No. 10 Mounted Uattery, Natal Vidunteer Hattery, naval fjuuH.
gonoral jubila-
iiiid continiK-d
'cil tlu' rctrwit-
ITS, wliili' 4,000
> ill the lioju' of
iTc too late, an
K'll.
lit tlic UritisU
of tlic (IffcuNe
isli ICiii))irt' the
(■red, liowj'vcr,
icrs during; I lip
IV, and (iciH'ial
I'opli' with uu-
niith was coin-
iiiccsti'i's, First
i'i!,'adc: First
Hides, Second
!, Scc((iid Hiflt'
I'isli) I.anccrs,
t Morse, Xatal
y. Twenty first
II Koyal Field
Sixly-seventli
oval Field Ar-
y, naval fjiiiiH.
White f^.^ra«^r,r^v'^:,^yJi"«'io^t^ British and B<jrs. Vpon retrea.i„g fron. Dundee. General
Bntish from the positions they had wcupied. Our photo/ranh slwws the Hors^ Ar illTv l,, i • ^ / -.T'^ "°*'' "?"!*'' '"'■'' ""'^ "»'''' ''<«'^y aniHery and fLrced the
the slopes of Uhlana Hill, from which th?v shelled tl?rBTKoZ'l"M*ni^^^^^^^^^ "', '"^ B«f|; batteries to take up another position on
and with their bujoUcU drove the Boefs from their entrenchmenu"7«nlirrin,, il »'^.j^j I ' ' I' '•* "'V'"''' ""^ P""^'V°= ■'>"<' Royal Killes hloriucd the hills in the rear,
marksmen succeeding in picklngofia number of BriUsrSrTh; ToCulidbv'ZZlfu^ .^."."".S tT/*"*"' "»'•> "<>''' '<«» heavily, the Boer
service and been iu Battle iu other countries. omcers. i ne uorses used by the Artillery were all brought to NataF from England, many of them hiving seen
stands
fl;j;litiiif<
Till
tioiis III
dorsliuM
people t
trooper
Tlu
various
as beiiifi
on A
An
he saw i
Club in
Ish who
ing the
CHAPTER XXI,
THRILLING PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF ACTUAL PARTICI-
PANTS IN VARIOUS BATTLES.
lEBSONAL exiK-ricncoH of those who were nctiial
imrlicipants in tlio tt;;litiii>; are more iiiterentin{?
than aiiytliiu},' elKc that can be written about a
batik' on either land or sea. The coniniandin^
General and his staff view the battle from
afar — some safe jjlace — and the man who carries
9 ritle in the ranks, the officer who leads him, the
surjieon who attends him on the field after he is
wounded, the stretcher-bearer who carries him
off the field of carnap', the artilleryman who
stands behind the }{un,s; and, in fact, those who actually do the real
fi^htin);, are the ones we want to hear from.
These men wlio do tiie work and receive neither medals nor promo-
tions are the real heroes in the main, althoufjh we do not wish it un-
derstood by this that any rellection is meant upon the officers; but most
people are interested in the infantryman who carries the rifle and the
trooper who rides cheerfully to the slauirhter.
The personal experiences ^liven below have been gathered from
various sources on both sides — Hritisli and Boer— and are vouched for
as being exactly what they j)urport to be.
GHASTLY WOUNDS REIMMVEI) AT THE MODDER RIVER
FKUIT.
A medical officer under General Lord Methuep, in describing what
he saw of the flglit at the Modder River, writes to a friend at the Service
Club in London nbotit the ghastly wounds received by some of the Brit-
ish who fell on that fatal field, and also the dangers he ran while succor-
ing the injured. Said he:
an
"A lot of the North Lancashire men were horribly wounded. I
turned over a Sergeant, black in the face, dead. Oi e man was brought
to me who had been struck by a shell fragment— face mutilated, throat
cut and chest lacerated. Oii, God! The sight cut me to tiie very heart it
was so sickening; there was blood everywhere.
"Very few of our men being wounded, I went out near sunset to aid
the Highlanders. They had been lying all day under that frightful
sun and their wounded were still there. No stretcher-bearers could ad-
vance, as they were all shot at by the Hoers. They shouted to me to
crawl on the ground. Although most of the firing was over, there were
still three or four Boers, with express rifies and explosive bullets, who
were under cover, and who kept i)icking off our men.
"It was awful to think of wounded men treated in this way, and
many who nnght have survived were killed as they lay on the ground.
"So great is the hatred of the Boers for the English that they will
not hesitate to kill a wounded min while the fight is going on, although,
us a rule, they are extremely kind to prisoners, and the British injured
receive the best care possible.
"Some men utterly collapse<l, and all I could do was to put a pad to
their wounds and my whisky flask to their lips. I then crawled back to
my horse, and made way to s(mie ambulances two miles distant to get
their aid. I was under fire all the time, bullets dancing around me. I
felt a kind of solemn disregard, as I had been exposed to greater dangers
before.
"However, I can never forget «ome of the sights of that awful day,
for I actually saw several of the F.n;i!isli wounded- -not so badly hurt,
either— killed by Boer marksmen as they lay upon the field gasping
for breath. Men in battle are savages and beasts, but when a soldier
is on the ground helpless it is simple butchorv, and nothing else, to kill
him."
ffi
222
TIIKII.UXG PERSONAL EXPERIENCES.
w
A COLDSTREAM (JIAItDS' SKKliKAXTS NARIW>W ESCAl'E AT
THE MODDER RIVER EX(iA<iEMEXT.
Some men Rocni to be watclicd l)v a t<]K>ciHl proviileiicc wlion in bat-
tle, as was aii.jilv and fully dcnidnstrattMl bv llie experience of i>i'rs<'ant
lii-j iin » tin tiitt jf >^> II 1111 I II 1 1^1 (IT 111^ 'II. --I • 11 1 »-' I «»^» I 11^ » .-V |/v I 11 i»» » '•• . 1 . p,> .. ...
Watson, of tlie Coldstream (iuards, with Lord Melluien's eoliimn in Hit
Modder River en;;ai;enieiit, wlio miiaculously escaiu'd deatli several
times durinjr that iJwfiil ilav.
In writini; to his wife after the batllelie tidtl a jtlain and straifjlit-
forward story, but thrilling nevertheless:
"Dear Wife: — I am safe, thank (he Lord; but I don't know just
why or liow, for somelxKly had it in for me and did his best to kill me.
lie was a good shot, too, and if he spots me a-rain I'm pretty sure it will
be all ui> w'th me.
"During the afternoim some one seemed to havt> s|M)tted me from
the trenches, and he meant business, too. First a shot struck the side
of my boot and then another right after it struck my ritle just in front
(if my face, filling my eyes with dirt and s])linters. I rose up a little,
when anotlier bullet struck the middle linger of my left hand.
"I had got on my knees when a bullet struck me fair in the eliest on
the bui'kle of my ha> 'rsack, breaking through it and (ausing a slight
puncture of the skin and bruising my chest. 1 have been congratulated
as being the luckiest beggar in my battalion.
"Now, Mary, yon can't tell how 1 w ill come out, but yon must be a
brave girl and not give in. If my time has conr^ why, I'll go and no
grumbling. These Dutchmen are rar«> shots, but they w(m't stand the
bayonet.
"We got after them twice with the steel, and I put mine through
three good fellows, cue right after the other. You know I like the
bayonet, as docs every Coldstn 'm, Hnd we're good, hefty men, if I d<i
SBT it.
"Croing into the charge th(> balls whistle around ns like hailstones.
Poor Ned tiringnmn was shot Hirough the head at my right side, and
Scotty McLennan got it right through the chest. Neither knew what-
ever hurt them, it came so (piiik. These Manser bullets go right
through one.
"Rut when we got amongst them it was a different tune. The Boers
won't show the steel and can't lake it, tlumgh I don't blame 'em.
"Kiss the babv for me. MIM."
MEN PRAYED FOR WATER DCRINti THE MARCH
RERLEY.
TO KIM-
When (ieneral Lord Melhuen was marching toward Kimberley the
cause of the greatest tlistress among the troops was the lack of water,
anil the men literally burst out in )irayer in the ranks calling upon (Sod
to grant them the jirivilege of one cool drink.
The color-bearer of one of the regiments related his experience to
his brother in a letter written when the column was not far out from
the Orange River. Said he:
"When the sun came out it was s(» hot (hat it seemed to nie all of
us were just so many stokers in the belly of a ship. We couldn't hardly
breathe.
"We gasped just like tishes as we jiloughed through the heavy sand,
over stones and furrowed grimnd, and thought we'd die. First our lips
dried up and cracked; then our months jiarcheil, and tinally our thnmts
seemed to be coated with jilaster of jiaris. The hair shriveled on our
hands and our feel were dry as the stones in a lime kiln. Every few
minutes a man fell forward on his hands and knees or stumbled out of
the ranks and fell Hat on his face in the dry, dusty grass. It was awful.
"FiMully we came to Finham's, a yellow, S|ianish-looking house; all
about were trees. Hehind the bouse the Tommies crowded like bees
around a honey jiot, filling their bottles out of a stone tank, while others
walked around and armind a sort of windlass that pumjied new water
into the tank. Every man lilled his bottle, emptied it down his throat
and filh 1 it again. It was heavenly.
"We paddled in si)illed water and the sotiuds it made in pouring,
gurgling and splashing were music to all of ns. Yon bet we knew the
value of water, and we always will know it. I wouldn't give a canteen
full of water for all the beer that was «>ver mad(> in the world. If you're
well or wounded you want water, and you want it bad, too, out in this
country. I wish I was home, but I'm going to stick it out.
"India is heaven to this infernal coun>ry, where you get Hunstruck
if you don't get bored through bv a bullet or die from thirst,"
'. ThoKoers
iiic 'cm.
"JIM."
II TO KIM-
iiiibcrlcy the
ick of water,
iijr upon (Sod
xperience to
fur out from
to me all of
ililn't liardly
' liwivy sand,
'Mrst our lips
v our throats
velcd on our
Kvery few
nibled out of
It was awful.
I}; house; all
led like bees
while others
d new water
rn his throat
? in pouring,
we knew the
ve a ran teen
Id. If you're
I), out in thiH
;<'t Hunstruck
It."
A MESSENQER OF DEATH..
-The illustration is of an incident in ttie eneaeement Novcnil>er 18, 18W, near Estcourt.
of its Wb Runs, and the first shot sent a shell bursting in a squad of Boers, many ofwliom were killed anil the rest fled in all directions.
The Naval Brigade had brought up one
"The shot was so effective that it
turned the enga^einent for the tinie in favor of the British. The drawing is from a sketch made by an ofTicer who was near enough to the scene to get a clear view of the
terrible effect through bis glass. The illustration {wrtrays characteristically the horrible effect of a <<:odem shell bursting in the midst of a squad of mounted men.
JUBTIAI. LAW IN DUBBAN.
MARTIAL LAW IN nilDRAN nn... ^ ^ • « „ . COLONEL THK KASL OF DUNOONALO,
.nd?ri1k" publiI*ed^Ju,?S*'''^^^^^^ of Durban it fell to hi. lot to orfer the .u.pe.rion of the "Review
their chain and the door wa. officially .hut. aflKwnl? hS ii?5SSHo'L noU« S toiX^l*'.'Sv°^^ campajgns. The editor and rtaff were invited to leav"
d«>r. ColOIMi the EvI Of OtindoniUd. whWtirtiSiti. herein to Tn <^m.Bd «f^n.*^f n ^* , t.'"*,? •'P"^.''/.* blueiacket. while another bluejacket Kaled the
Officer to lc«l :,«. commwd into the berie^ towTwhenNhe rie«f w«bTSil~??1SL^^Itho«tl^^^^^ before Udyamith/ and wa. the 6r,t
THRILUSG PERSOXAI. EXPERIENCFJ.
225
OOM PAUL'S BUIUJHERS ABE «}REAT DRINKERH OF FIERY
UIN.
Altliougb tlie BoerH are very n'li}{ioiiH men, cotiHtautly roadiiig
their Ribles and continnally praying, tlicy arc not cold water or tem-
perance advocates. In fact, (piite tlie contrary.
A private Holdicr in writing to liiH sister about llie campaign— lie
was with (Jeneral (iatacre — dwells in wonderment on tlie gin-drinking
capacity of the Roers:
"These Dutch drink gin all the time, and I should think they spent
all their i)ay on it. Il is awful fiery stuff, too, and burns your throat
out, though, you know, Mollie, I can drink about anything that won't
burn the bottom out of a glass bottle.
"Whenever we"cau)e across a jjosition held by the Roers empty gin
bottles, bfittles still containing gin and souu^times full bottles were seen
stuck in the loose dirt of the trenches. These full bottles belonged to
those fellows who were killed at the first lire from our batteries, before
they had a chance to gulp any of it dowii. They just about live on gin,
but I never saw a drunk Roer yet. They can jiut our men under the
table every time, and we've got some lienrty drinkers, too.
"The stuff is made of red-hot tire, and will burn leather. It's the
very worst I ever saw, and there isn't mudi I haven't seen.
"We'll be fighting soon again and perhaps I won't write any more."
THE INTENSITY OF THE ROERS' HATRED FOR THE EXtJLISII.
A former officer in the Rulgarian army who went to South Africa
to Rer\'e with the Roers wrote his ex]M>riences to a friend in IMiilip-
popolis. In the coui'se of bis letter he said:
"Look at the heading of my letter — Natal. Can you imagine that
I should write you from South Africa, whereas you thought me to be
in riiicago? I am now in the intrenchments of the Roer army before
Ladysmith. As soon as war was declared I made up my mind to go as
a v(dunteer and at New York presented myself to the Dutch committee
there, who paid my traveling expenses and I embarked on the Sidonia
Fitwe, bound for Madeira. On November 4 we landed at Lorenzo
Marques, on the tith I was in I'retoria and on the "tii already here.
"I liad a company of 110 soldiers intrusted to me, and as a pioneer
officer my task is very imiiortant. Rearded, stalwart, hardy fellows are
these Roers. I sjieak English, and that with the Roers is tlie universal
language, (lood iK'ople, but how terribly they hate the Englisli! We
never hated the Turks so much.
"All of them are good shots, good horsemen and good Christians.
Those of them who have finished their tasks of digging sit down to rest
with their Ribles in their hand.s. They know no other book. They
believe iu Ood and their rights.
"Our tactics here and everywhere along the fighting line are 'keep
in your trenches.' We get ourselves intrenched and wait for the enemy.
The Ei.,^lish make their attacks in the ojhmi, thinking that they fight
the Soudanese. We fire volleys at them and make liavoc in their ranks.
Hundreds are left on the battlefield and the others retire.
"As we are well mounted we do our movements ([uickly. The hard-
est things we have to endure are the terrible heat, which keeps us in our
shirt sleeves all day, and the Siberian cold of the night, the heavy
downpours of rain and the duststorms."
FOUND IN THE EMRRAOE OP DEATH.
The Earl de la War, who was in South Africa during the heavy
Pghting uj) to the latter part of February-, 1!)00, in a letter to a I»ndon
friend, thus describes an incident at the battle of Relmont, of which he
was an eye-witness:
"I dare say you have heard that David St. John, the heavy-weight
champion boxer of the (lUards, was killed here at Relmont in the charge
up the Kaffir kopje. He came face to fine with a Boer as big as him-
self. They had a bit of a scuffle. The guardsman gave Mr. Boer a lunge
with his bayonet so hard tliat he drove it right over the hilt and cross-
guard, and, not being able to extract it, he was practically unanned, and
while endeavoring to withdraw another Boer shot him clean througli
the temple. I saw them lying one on top of the other, both dead."
*- I' _ It fit
nm
S ?J='a.2 u
■S'?3a3
UJpJ 0.q e
MAJORUENKBAL HECTOB A. MACDONALD. „ ,„„
OENEBAL MA'-"0""'» l- • - ■•«^"""'»''"- MAJOR ABSOLD OF WINNIPEG,
command of The HighUndlriK«;re^nSf^^^^^^^^^ 3ti '"""'° »« fighter that the soldiers have named him 'Fightin^. Mac." He ia in
person. In one of the.se charLeX was w mm ed bein>, 1, t i?,'^[^ f ^ K I^^^i«^«'K; P«ceding tlie surrender of General Cronje, he dismounted au.T led the advance in
Jjmmander bravely Major '*A?noirot\vrn^^^^^ comZ „V^". "i'r '• v" ".'" ""'?" '"= Higl.laud.rs struggled through a storn, of bullets, followiug their
Here .s elsewhere In the South African war The^'SnSntre^™^^^^^ ^T^l"' "«= «'^';!"'>"'' I'xardeT.erg lea.ling to the surrender of General Cronje.
Major Arnold was among the killed >-anaaiau troops distinguished themselves by the most telling charges where the figliting was hottest. »., ,^i. „„....„ii„
lu this campaigu
m
CIIAPTKU xxir.
UOW A UOKK HOY STOOD TIIK HKITISII ("IIAUOI': AT KLANDH-
LAAOTK— hi; i>hayi:i> and i'iin:i).
JIIOl'HANDM (if (how in llic Hocr riiiikH were mere
IxiVH, running from Hixtceii to eighteen venrM of
uge, all of them excellent hIioIh tiiid proud of the
opportunity to ti<:ht for their country. Their
hatred of the Kufilish wuh inti-UHe, it liavini; Imh'u
iuKtilled into tlicm l)y their mothers frimi the time
they ut ir iild enouy;h to underntand anything.
They were taught to slioot as soon as they wero
able to hold a rille, and bein-i <;ood niarksmeu nat-
urally they wore danpTous foes when protected
by intrenchinentH. One Hoer youth, just about seventeen years old,
wrote bin ex|M'rience at the battle of KlandHlaa};te, where the KukIIhIi
char{{«'d and drove the Hoers from a very stron<{ and seemiunly mi'i**-
Hailable jioBition, to bis mother, and it is most interestiu}; reading,
being dothcMl in the simple lan;;uat;e of a lad who bad something to
Ray and said it in a jn-rfectly candid way.
The letter is reproduced exactly as written:
"We were on a kopje. Our horses were behind it in a hollow. As
the English infantry advanced against us up the hill we began shoot-
ing. When it looked as if we were going to be surrounded, a certain
number of our men fell back to another position. About a hundred of
U8 remained on the kopje. Hut the fire of the Maxims and the other
guns be<'ame so vi(dent that we withdrew a little to tind cover.
"The General and ('(mimandaiit Viljoen rallied us and brought us
back to the top of the hill, and advised us to get under shelter there m
much as possible. I fcdiowed the (Jenerul with a dozen others to the
right and Viljoen led the others to the left.
"The English were still advancing, and they were now within 500
yards of us. It was easy to recognize the kilties they were wearing. We
flred at them incessantly. All our bullets seemed to strike. I had not
time to be afraid. I prayed God and fired on, aiming each time at one
2»
of their men. You know I am not n bad shot. Their Maxims gave us
ba<k what we sent them withiuit a moment's stop.
"A few of us, Hnding our |M)sitton too risky, ran hack to where
the horses were, an<l rode off. I was close to the Gen.'ral, and remaim-d.
A\e fired on, he as well as I, and tried to get cover behind three great
blocks of rock when a lyddite shell burst close to us an<l covered us
with earth and stones.
"Then the Geiural withdrew us a little back. At this moment one
of my neighbors was hit in the si.le. Hut he had strength enough to get
to his horse, and galloiMMl off. We wer w only fighting on the kopje
with the (ieneral, and the kilties wer(> still advancing and <rushing us
in a circle. At fifty yanis' distanc.- we were still firing on them.
"Just then the (Jencral fell. The group around me was reduced to
.'ight, of whom three w-re wounded. My fiiend, \-iin Xiekerke, had
been wounded at the w.ist, but he kept on iiriag with his i.'ft hand
resting his gun on his right arm. We could neitlier ca-rv ;;wuy the
General nor defend him, and our cartridges w. re exhausted.
" 'What now?' said Coghill, while we looked at each other. One of
the wounded said: 'We must raise the white flag.' Cogliill answered
with a curse. The balls whistled all around us. Something had to be
done.
"'Well?' said one of the wounded— ('oghill completed the phrase--
'we mu.st run for it.'
" 'Good luck!' cried the General, who was seated on the ground and
pale as death. We threw down our muskets an.! evervthing that might
delay ub, and then we rushed down from the kopje, for it was a case
of saving our own skins.
"The two b(Mliea -.f the advancing English troops were within 200
yards of each other. I ran down between them without turning mv
head to right or left. Tlie bullets gave me wingvi. I don't think that I
ever ran so quick.
2ao
HOir A BOER BOY STOOD THE BRITISH CHARGE.
u
"I wiis lucky ononjili to jjot to llic lioi-si'w wiilioiit Itciiij; liit. I
i-oiild not tiiiil iiiini>, but I }iot hold of aiKithcr. Then olT I went ou
liiin, and iiiauiijit'd in {{ct clear of the Lancers, who were pursuiu}; us,
"I jiassed the nij^ht in an ahandoniMl Kattir kraal, and the next
niornin;: nianaiii-d to join the commando of N'iljoen. I don't know what
liecaine of iiiv comrades, lint I ho]ie that thev were as liickv as I was.
••Tlie r.rilixh kept coniin'.'- on in llie face of a lire that it seemed
would wipe them out, but they didn't seem to mind it. They kept com-
iufi' ahead. 1 fired at as many otiicers as I (luild. I was told to slioot
all the ollicels and (In n the men would rtin, but they didn'l, althouf^h
most of tile otliceis, I lhou};ht, were killed or wounded.
"Never did I see such ((lura^je as those Kn;tlish had, altliou;>'h I hate
the Knclish and would i;ladly kill all of them. Hut they ai-e very brave,
hut very foidish. They seem to want to jjet killed, and don't mind the
bullets at all. I don't like their machine ^'uns for they shoot pretty
Ktraiulit."
mi. KII'LIXO M.\Y (WVK A TW TO THE HITUATION.
From "Minneap<diN Journal."
The cnrtoonist lliinkH Mr. Kiplin;;, (he ({rent writer, stioli n lionvy-
wi'iuht that his arrival at Cape Town would yive a tip to flii' whole
Africuu Coutineut.
FATION.
noli a lipnvy-
to flu> wlioie
MAP SHOWINa QENERAL CRONJE'S POSITION NEAR PAAROEKOP AT TinB OF HIS SURRENDER^
J- S'0£
IgDSgJS.
•C.S ft ui^
** ^-fc* - o c
n
■E5
i
^g'
IJllsl
5«|i^^
D) .a
Si
III
^ »♦• o " ^
!-8« =«
S » i <g C
„ g n2
..sill
CHAPTER XXIII.
A DUTCH VOLUNTEER'S REPORT OF THE BATTLE OF
ELANDSLAAOTE.
murvolous.
T IS not often that a private soldier, and a volunteer
at that, writes out the report of a battle, but below
will be found the story of the action at Elands-
langte, the work of a Dutch volunteer in the Boer
army, who was taken prisoner by the Britisli
during the retreat, which is well worthy perusal.
The language is well chosen, the young man has
good ideas and did not fail to keep his eyes open,
while his general grasp of the subject is really
This letter was written to a friend at Pretoria:
"Pieternuiritzburg, October 25, 1899.
"This letter having to be n>ad by the authorities, I only tell you
what has happene<I to me since Friday, October 20. On this day about
(500 men arrived at Elandslaagte, about two hours from Ladysmitli.
The day before we took a train with provisions and a military escort,
and now I had to go with nine others, amongst them the lawyer. Dr.
Coster, to break up the railway at three different places. The destruc-
tion of the railway was close near the station at Modder Spruit, the first
station from I.rftdysmith, where the chief forces of the enemy were
gathered. We did this dangi'n>us work without being disturbed.
"The following day being Satunluy, October 21, being still niue
In number, we still received no reinforcements; nevertheless we broke
up the communication between two strong divisions. At seven o'clock
in the morning we saddled our horses, as the enemy was noticed, and
the first shells began to fall between us, doing no harm. I was glad to
see that all the men kept extremely calm. All the shells fell in the
laager of the Dutch Volunteer Corps, which numbered then ninety-eight
men on horseback. Only our two guns answered, and as we advanced
233
the enemy disappeared. We removed afterwards our laager a little.
Two cars with our luggage and tents had just arrived. Imme-
diately we saddled again, as the enemy was seen advancing in great
numbers. We drove up a kopje, dismounted on a place where the horses
were safe, cl.mbed the hill, and there we waited-viz.: 00 Oermans, 98
Dutchmen, 300 Afrikanders from Fordsburg and Johannesburg-on the
enemy, numbering 4,000 men. The enemy bro,.ght on two batteries
with twelve guns, three regiments infantry, 3,000 men, one regiment
lancers, one regiment liglit and one regiment heavy cavalry.
"I can't tell the strength of the mounted men, but 'the infantry
amounted to 3,000 men. The artillery began with shelling heavily our
two poor guns, and from time t<. time a shell burst in our neighbor-
hoo,l. After twenty minut.'s one of our iwor guns was disabled; in
the meantime we opened our musketry fire on the advancing infantry,
which fired lieavily. "^
"In these moments the greater part of the men of Fordsburg and
Johannesburg retivated, notwithstan.ling our commander shouted out-
'Stay, fellows, stay; all my Dutchmen are still here.' The advancing
infantry opened a heavy fire <ui our remaining 300 men. I fired lying
<lowii on the ground, and resolved, as I lost view of the advancing
enemy, to wait till I should see them again, and had a sharp look round
I saw nothing but killed men, the others having retreated without my
I>erceiving it, through the heavy noise of the bursting shells. The only
men in my neighborhood were lying behind me. I kept waiting, while
some shells covered me with mud.
"At last the artillery stopped firing, and I understood that the
infantry had reache<l the top of the hill; again I heard the whistling
of the rifle-bullets. I saw the infantry at 200 yards' distance, and began
to fire my last cartridges. I saw Gordon Highlanders, and it seemed
2U
A DUTCH VOLVXTEER'S REPORT.
m
i
that tlicy fell by two or llircM' at (iiio shot. I board Boinc more sliootiuj;; ^
from DllitT plact's, wliicli rijoiccd iiic, as 1 ilioii^lit myself (luite alone.
My cai'tridfics bciiiii- at an end, 1 retreated, and now the bullets tiew
around nie, and 1 heard iiolhin^- else b\it the strikini; of them a};ainst.
the roeksl At last I After two minutes 1 reaehed the mIojh'. That 1
remained unhurt in these two minutes is most wonderful.
"Keachiiij; the top afzain, I met anotlier refiiment of Enjflish infan-
try, and all was over, our men retreatinj; in the valley below, sur-
rounded by cavalry. I liad nothiiii; to do but sit d.iwu a'vl wait. The
Ku^lish were tvith me in a moment, and took off my }jun. Nine of
us were taken [irisoners with me (three Dutchmen, one artilleryman,
(Uie (ierman, and tive Afrikanders), who all held their i!o>iti«n to the
last moment.
"The I>iitcli \'oluntei'i' Corps suffered badly iu this oijstinate sti uj;-
j!;le — thirty-four were taken lU'isoners while retre.itinf;, and thn.' ' , the
battle, while on the «h(de I><S men were taken jirisoners. Anion;;' the
dead are l»r. Coster, shot throu;;h Hie head; I)e -lonjce, two lance-
wounds and tw<i revolver shots; Hodeiisteiu and 'hitters, shot in the
stomach; Kemmclink, shot in the head Most nn'n if the '•.,rpM were
shot or wounded on the reti'eat.
"The Knjrlisli soldiers treated us liiie f(entlenien. TI.ey pive us to
drink and shared their bread with us. In I'ietermaritzbur;; thin^js
chan^red, and we were treated like crinnnaf prisoneni.
"In Tiansvaal the piisoners of war are much belle'' irealed.'"
HUAVINU TIIK COMHINI^
From "MinneapoliM Journal."
John Mull thinks there was too much whiskers in that South Africa
Combine, so he jtroceeds ti> clip President Steyu of the Orange Free
State and President Kruger of the Transvaal.
Sdiitli Africa
Orauj'f Free
jviiiii«;iit>, amiiv ,»uj ^.l.^ .jiu^^ w ...a .^. , " . i „: u,.t i^ t.^ it,- nonnio an A9 to keen awav want. The large numuer ol uaiives wuo wcie m lue lowu wueu uic sic^e
Cn.a':ho'i'e;2reft"ororoVerp\^y^^^^^^^^^
The illuatratiou shows the natives at work.
begai
■n attack,
ili
TO THE RELIEF OF LADYSMITH.— In his final and saccenfut attempt to relieve Ladyamith, General BuIIer, -eporting February 27, said- "General Barton
with two battalions of the Sixth Brigade and the Dublin Fusiliers, crept about a mile and a half down IW- banks of the river, and ascending an almost precipitous cliff of
about five hundred feet, assaulted and carried the top of I'ieter's Hill. This hill, to a certain extent, turnei; the enemy's left, —'■•'•■••-■" *^ • - -
• '"•*^'*'. •» •-" •» •" K****^' v...i....% . zv,.Li»..i. r E:«riT,Tii»M>t,i<j;, iiisr rr I ,••».- ftn't^ri tftmlitttrf'i ••; • Triivvnt viarrrn, asssiicti inc c:
carried by the South I<ancashire Regiment about sunset."
hot fire.
and the Fourth Brigade, under Colonel
ij-, mi? wn--}- !Mi.!t-i i-,j,iimsi).j .•• = ^iK-.ni "li nrrrn, 333ai:cti the enemy's position, •svhicli nas riikguiUccUlly
The illustration here given shows the gallant Dublin Fusilierri crawling foiward to the attack while under a
ClIAPTEU XXIV.
STRAXOE AXD PECULIAU HTOIIIES KELATIXO TO THE SOL-
DIEKS ACTIVELY EXOAOED IN' THE CAMPAIOX.
OXDERFUL and peculiar stcirit'H, came out during
fi .. progress of the war wliich interested not only
iigland but other countries of the world as well.
Anything connected with nw'n engaged in the
conflicts which go to make up a bloody campaign
possesses such human interest that all nati<uis
want to know of it. Here is a copy of a field
order, found on the body of an English officer who
fell in the first attempt made by General BuUer
to cross the Tugela River for the purpose of relieving the imprisoned
garrison at Ladysmith, It having been written by General Duller him-
self:
"Field order from Sir Red vers BuUer, V. ('.: This to be read to
and impressed on all ranks. General order, Springfield, January 12,
1000. The field force is now advancing to the relief of Ladysmith,
where, surrounded by superior forces, our comrades have gallantly
defended themselves for the last ten weeks. The general commanding
knows that every one in his fone feels as he does. We must be success-
ful. We sliall be sttiutly opposed by a clever, unscrupulous enemy.
Let no man allow himself to be deceivetl by them if a white flag is dis-
played. It means nothing unless the force displaying it throw down
their arms and throw up their hands at the same time. If they get
a chance the enemy will try to mislead us by false words of command
and false bugle sounds. Every one must guard against being deceived
by such conduct. Above all, if any are ever surprised by a sudden volley
at close quarters, let ihere be no hesitation. Do not turn from it, but
rush at it. It ia the road to victory and safety; retresit is fat.il. The
one thing the enemy cannot stand is our being at close quarters with
them. We are fighting for the health and safety of our comrades; we
237
are fighting in defense of our flag against an enemy who has forced war
upon us for the worst and lowest motive, by treachery, conspiracy and
deceit. Let us hear ourselves as our cause deserves. Signed, A. Wynne,
Colonel C. S. O."
More than once during the progress of the campaign were the
English cfunmanders coniiielled to jirotest against the practice of the
wounded Boers of firing n{M)n British officers who endeavor to aid them,
and tlie unfair use of flags of truce. The following is a letter written
to the Boer commandant just after the battle of Belmont by Lord
Methuen:
"Belmont, Xovember 23, 1899.
"Sir — I ask you to warn those umler you not to, when wounded,
shoot my ofllcerH when they endeavor to help them.
"I also ask ynu not to use dum-dum bullets. Eighteen of my men
were wounded by dumdum bullets fired by your men during the late
engagement.
"I cannot accept any but a fair flag of truce. To place a handker-
chief on a rifle is cowardly and will not be respected."
The British during the course of the war frequently suspended
hostilities when the Boers put up a white flag, only to have tbeir
officers who showed themselves shot down.
Men will sleep under i)eculiar circumstances when necessity com-
pels, and become accustomed to all sorts of strange conditions. An
officer of the Guard's Brigade, in a letter written just after the fight
at the Modder River, said :
"io fight for thirteen hours is an ordeal that in any kind of warfare
would be a terrible strain; but out on the treeless, shadeless veldt, with
the thermometer at the degree above mentioned, the exhaustion suffered
by our men was so great that in hundreds of cases men and officers alike
238
STRAXGE AAD PECULIAR STORIES.
slept as they lay iu the scrub, careless of the shell and rifle fire that
surt;i'tl over tliciii.
"Our brigade lay all <lay on the oi)en veldt with the heat 110' in
the shade."
A 111 It her Kuj^lish ollicer who was iu the Belmont eugugeuieut wrote
to his brother:
"On tdji iif one small hill, or koi>je, iu the storuiiufj of which the
brave (irenadiers suflVred jiart of their fearfully heavy loss, the Hoer
ciiiuMiandcr had couiiielled the iM)orer men of his couininnd to live for
weeks. I took it that these were men of the servant and laborer class.
Their dead, whose untidy and ueijlected bodies I saw lyinj; as the Hritish
l)ullets and bayonets found them, contiruu'd this theory, for they were
poorly clad, unshaven, unclean and hunjtry looking.
"They were of that class of Hoer whom James Brj'ce describes as
liavlnj.' started at a seventeenth century standard and deteriorated fiu-
;!0() years. 1 knew when I saw such men among the dead, the wounded
and the iirisoners, how it could be that white men could misuse the
while (lag and mock the sacred jmrpose of the (Jeneva cross. The food,
the dirt and the e.xtraordinan- ])rofusi(ui of cartridges and cartridgi'
wrappings were all mixed together, but the earth and disorder were
not so offensive as th(> gi'imy, beastly condition of the dead."
(ieneral l>)rd Metliuen Wfts always iu trouble with his officers, this
fact jirobably giving rise to the reports that the (Seneral was not
entirely resjionsible. (»ne of Lord Methuen's officers wrote iu a letter to
his mother at Leeds:
"Some strange things are hajiiK'ning now, and have hapjtened, too.
During the tiu:lit at the Modder Hiver, when the horses of the Ninth
Lancers were jaded and the men completely exhausted after many
hourn' fighting, Lord Methuen ex|K'cted them to charge an absolutely
impregnable position. fNdonel (lough sent a resiMHtful refusal. Um\
Methuen then returned to the head of his regiment and severely re-
buked liini. Colonel Oough again pointed out the impossibility of exe-
cuting the order, and Lord Methuen left the regiment after uttering
remarks which nmde the ears of every man sting.
"Karly next nuirning, it is said, Lord Methuen sent a note to Colonel
Oough to this effect:
"'My Dear Colonel: — Please come over to my quarters as quickly
as you can. I wish you to spend the day with jne,'
"Colonel (lOugh was able to perceive the suu at noonday, lie
answered :
"'My Dear (ieneral: — I tpiite see your uu'aning, and as 1 must
decline to leave my regiment, jdease let nie know whether you wish to
put me under arrest or whether you would prefer that I should return
to England?'
"Lord Metliuen reiilied, 'tlianking i,iy dear colonel' for his jht-
spicacity, and indicating that Colonel lioiigh would belter return home.
"Odonel Ciougli returned to Kngland, nominally on sick leave, lie
at once sought the authorities at 'he War Ottice, laid the facts before
them and demanded a court-martial. Tlu * "lad to be refused because
. of the iinpos.sibilily of recalling Lord Melhiiei. for the purpose of giving
I'vidence.
"Three days after his dis])ule with <'olonel (lough. Lord Methuen
gave an order to the Scots Onards, which llieir commanding officer,
Colonel Arthur Paget, declared it was impossible to execute.
"lie ab.solutely refused needlessly to sacritice bis men in a vain
effort to take an iiniuegnable kopje. However, he told Lord Methuen
that he would himself walk up to the jiosition and be shot. Lord
Methuen declined to allow this, but told him he might go back to
England.
"Colontd Paget declined point blank to leave his men, except upou
the instructions of Sir Hedvers Huller, and h(> wnite to the latter to the
same effect. Sir Kedvei-s Huller is reiiorted to have written in reply
that be hoind that by the time his answer was received the two "!;I
brother officers would have f(U'gotten their differences. There the mat-
ter ended, and Colonel Ai-tliur Paget is still at the head of his men."
One of the finest features of the war was the splendid pluck and
spirit shown by the English officers at the front. The fcdiowing ex-
tracts, taken by iierniission from the letters of a prominent officer under
(ieneral French, show in a remarkable manner how willingly the
leaders went to the iiglit, aiid how game and sportsmanlike they were:
"January 2(itli, ll'OO. With (Seneral French's column.— Since I last
wrote you many things have happened. (Jeneral French siut for me one
day and asked me if I would go to a more exposed position thai' O)louel
P , with the ('avairy Brigade, tiiought it safe to. I said yes; that
I would reconnoitre, and go the following day. So T picked a farm near
the enemy's position and came out. General French said if I went I
He
pird's-eye Vl«w of ihe Island of $t. Hflfoa, Where Napoleon Wm and Cron|e Is a Britbh Prisoner c* War.
forces
Union
DI^^SIONALRBLD HOS[-ITAL.-The Illustration here g;iven Is of a divisional field hospiul in hotd Roberts' forces wliile operatinir aninst
s t.3fii''Svl!J^t''^'in^!::f; J^'Hirs5rstt!i:;i=^ii'!ii?rff^^^^^^^^ «" the..ici:.n^=:fi"r:\
insures the place Irom being bred upon by the enemy. The Red Cross has done mucli to alleviate suffering in war
neutrality makes it possible to reach the wounded in banle much sooner. By thus immedUtely removins the i
temporary care many lives are saved and much suSerin^; alleviated. / "• » •
General Cronje'a
well shown. The
t!iuT-j "J the iranarr oi :ac jcca utom Walcu, iu ti»iii«(I warfare,
The compact between nations to obwrve its sifrn of
wongded to tbc field hospitals wbere thejr can have
.. — UiaiMiilUUlUJJi
STR/tMGE AMD PECULIAR STORIES.
241
flhould have more troopn if 1 wunted thoni. I iiHkcd for the troopH if
fonveniciit, tin tlu' position wiih Homcwlint cxiiohciI. 1 jjot a wniadron
of tlic Lift' (JuartlH and ilitto (if tlii> N«»w Zi-alandcrs, and caiiu' out (o
find {'oloncl I' liad "own Hlicllinjj tlie enemy iiere, and waH just
going ba( k. Ho I Htayed tlie ninl't, and next afternoon aHktni for two
guns R.II.A., a» I wanted to nliell enemy out of a kopje near my jMwition.
At 4:!{0 p. ni. tliey came out, also a wiuad of <'«rbineer». I liad arranged
a niee little fl^lit witli tlie New ZeaianderH on tlie riglit and tlie '(luidcK*
in tlie center to aHsault kopje. We went out after a 'cup of tea' and
shelled by accident another hill. The (iuidcH went up the hill and drove
some Dutchmen out, but the wrong hill which we slieiled in error wan
found to contain aboat l.")© lioers, who promptly came to R'h hill, where
he fired on them and our guns did ditto. We kept out till dark and
retired wilh no cnsualtieH, but we sent finite a number of the Dutch
over the Jordan."
A sergeant in the Ilouseludd Brigade wrote to his brother from
Bloemfontein:
"If I could write steadily for a week I could not exliaust the list of
peculiarities, eccentricities, anomalies and novelties of tliis war waged
against us by an undisciplined force of rebels, who are scddiers by in-
stiwct and farmers or cattle raisers for livelihood. Hut I could not in
all that week state a more astonishing fact tlian that at some of these
battles the better class of Hoers have come to battle in their carriages,
like gentlemen driving to tlie Derby at honie,and, having done their best,
have retired in the same way,leaviiig their vassals to cover their retreat.''
Tlie private stddiers usually kept their eyes and ears open, and lit-
tle that went on got by them. One of the Tommies, writing after the
successful attempt to cross the Tugela, said:
"The one-pound Maxim gun was the most effective weapon used by
the Boers. The five or six shots fired in one second had more moral
elTect than the steady discharge of shrapnel of the ordinary 15-pounder
at half-minute intervals.
"One man not far from me had both tliighs blown off as he sat near
another by one of these little shells landing on the ground between
them, but there is no (piestion that the moral effect was as a rnle greater
tlian the practical results. No gun was more cordially disliked by orr
mcii tiiau this ilcw wOftpoil, that was uSuaHy ohfistfru-u 'Boiigbong
bong,' the patent of which in 1892 was offered to and declined by our
Government."
The spectacle of a rocky hill practically dripping with blood may
seem like an exaggeration, but (here is no reason why it should be. At
(Iras I'an the slaughter was frightful at one place, and in describing it
an officer in the Yorkshire Hegimeut wrote his wife:
"The storming line was now so near the crest that the guns could
only be directe<l upon the Boers enfilading the position from the spurs
of the kopje on the left; and almost in a calm Lieutenant H. V. Taylor,
closely followed by Lieutenant Jones of the marines, reached the outer
works of the Hangar and made his way over. In the next half minute
fifty men tumbled over and immediately rushed forward to clear the
position in the rear. This was, however, stubbornly held for a quarter
of an hour more, jK-rhaps more as a screen than anything else, to cover
the retreat of tlie Boers.
"Above, the hilltop was dripping with blood. Not a bowlder es-
cajied its splash of crimson, and the innumerable splinters and chips of
iron stone blocks indicated the terrific nature of our tire. Most of the
dead or wounded Boers were carricnl off. Fifty of the more severely
wounded were found in th<'ir hospital, a quarter of a mile awaj", but
here and there a dead man proved that here the Transvaal had sent its
men down for the first time to meet the oncoming column."
The English marines did good service in every action in wliich they
look part, and an American officer, who witnessed them in one engage-
ment, wrote to a comrade in Washington:
"The marines numbered 183, and every man was in the fighting
line, four yards apart. Of the total, the number hit was ninety-two —
exactly fifty per cent. Not a particle of cover was to be had, save three
small ant hills, and the Boers had accurately measured the ranges of
those from their position.
"One gallant fellow, describing the fire to an ofHcer, said: 'Yes,
sir, the bullets came middling thick,' and while actually making the
ascent he remarked to his next man that it was like a 'blooming hail-
storm.'
"Each of the three companies had only one officer. Two of those
were soon hit, and the commanding officer was shot dead. Sergeants at
once supplied their places, and of these seventy per cent were hit. Four
bullets went through the clothes and helmet of one officer, and a fifth
knocked away the magazine of his rifie. That was 'middling thick,* as
Tommy said."
Jl
ON CRONJb S HEELS.— When Lord Roberts be);an lii» M >(l,l<5r Rive.- campaign, (leneral Cronjcn forcesi were ilivi.led l)elwcen l«sir«iiii/ KimlK-rlev and trviOB to
prevent the Bntish from getting over the bor. er into the Orange Free State. Lord Rolwrts' plan was to break tbroui-li the Coletberg distrin, relieve Kimberlev. ttien
march into the Orange Iree btate and take Bloemfontein on his way to Pretoria, the Transvaal capital. General Cronje's ta.sk was to oppose these movements The
cavalry brigade under Geaeral trench was sent to the relief of Kimberley. After General Cronje's forces, engag.--il in the sicwf of Kimberlei were driven from that town
they surted to join their commander further south. General French hung on their heeU a« shown in 'h» illu"tr2i">a <<a>-< >h'" vt-re ~»ope' :>'i Cronii- at I'aardeberg
rAKt;*> cLL lO iVlANiTOBA DETACHMENT.— The uieu wht» nirined ti^t: detachment from Manitoba for the Canadian contingent for service in the South African
war met at Winnipeg and started from there for Quebec, the place of euiburkation, while their British Columbia comrades of the Manitoba and British Columbia detachment
met at Vancouver, whence they went to the port of embarkation. The illustration por*' ays vividly one of the scenes of the day on which the Manitoba detachment left
Winnipeg for the front, and is <if the time the detachment was bidden farewell and God-speed. The interest which the people of Winnipeg manifested in their departing
aoldiers, and the enthusiasm they felt for the cause for which the young men were going forth tQ S^ht, are well demonstrated in the maaae^ who turned out to bid tbe boya
farewell, as shown in the illustration.
N
BOD
the
reu
Offli
gen
swi
CUIl
pos
fltt(
bur
the
his
hiir
self
ing
offlc
Tvat
1 1
CHAPTER XXV.
CANADA'S ROLL OF HONOR AS CALLED UPON THE FIELD OF
BATTLE— CAPTURE OF GENERAL CRONJE.
"HE Canadians have showD their loyalty to the
British Empire in the most practical manner, as
the roll of honor containing the names of the
sons of the Dominion who fell iu battle in South
Africa amply demonstrates. Wherever the Can-
adians were put they did their full duty, nor was
there a single instance where they turned their
^^f^^Sh^ backs upon the foe. As fighting men, they were
* ^^«Sl^ equally good on the defensive as the offensive;
-^ff^v*"^ they charged with the bayonet like tried and sea-
soned veterans, withstood the heat of the day and the chill of the night,
the fatigue of the march and the sickness of the camp, and were always
ready for battle. In many things they opened the eyes of the English
officers, who were inclined to put a low estimate upon the Colonials in
general, and particularly by reason of their adaptability, for they could
swim, ride, shoot, and take care of themselves under any and all cir-
cumstances, exhibiting an 'ndividuality the British regular never
possessed.
As steady in action as the English regular, the Canadian was better
fitted than the former for fighting the Boers, for he could meet the
burgher on his own ground and beat him at his own gtsnie; could force
the Boer to take his own medicine and acknowledge himself beaten with
his own peculiar tactics. The Canadian soldier was always good- .
humored and willing, never out of temper and ever in control of him-
self, the very natural result being that it was not long after his arrival
in South Africa until he became a favorite with the British commanding
officers, who were always pleased when a Canadian regiment or battery
was assigned to their columns.
The first real opportunity afforded the Canadians to show their
245
mettle, and of which they took prompt and praiseworthy advantage,
was during the pursuit and at the capture of General Cronje, the craft-
iest, wiliest and most subtle of all the Boer comnmnders.
It was the First Canadian Contingent which forced the surrender
of General Cronje, for it worked its way for a distance of two hundred
and eighty yards, after the most desperate fighting, to a position where
It commanded the Boer trenches and could have inflicted awful
slaughter.
However, before the Canadians could fire, a flag of truce was shown
and General Cronje surrendered.
()ueen Victoria sent a despatch of congratulation to Lord Mlnto,
Governor-General of Canada, expressing her admiration of the heroism
displayed by the Canadians, Field Marshal Lord lioberts having, in his
report to the War Office at London, told how the Dominion's troops
had forced the "Boer fox" to come out of his hole and give himself up.
The following was the Queen's despatch, sent by her express order
to Governor-General Mlnto, at Ottawa, by the Secretary of State for
the Colonies:
"Her Majesty the Queen desires you to express to the people of the
Dominion her admiration of the gallant conduct of her Canadian troops
In the late engagement and her sorrow at the loss of so many brave
me". CHAMBERLAIN."
Sir Alfred Milner, British Comriilssloner, also sent the following
from Cape Jown to Governor-General Mlnto:
"Cape Town, February 27, 1900.
"Cronje surrendered at daylight this morning. I congratulate you
upon the noble share taken by the troops from your Colony.
"MILNER."
ki6
C.IXAO.IS ROLL OF HOXOR.
Field Marshal Lord Roberts, Commander-in-rhiof of the Ttritish
forces in South Africa, cabled to the London War Oflice from I'aar-
deberg the morning of the surrender of (leneral ("ronje as follows:
'Taardeberg, February 27, 1900.
"In a verj- successful attack made by the IJoyal Canadian con-
tingent ou one of the enemy's trenches this morning. Major Pelletier
was wounde<l, eight men were killed and twenty-nine wounded.
"ROREUTS."
Canada's glorious roll of honor up to the time of the surrender of
General Cronje on February 27, 1900, the nineteenth anidversary of
the slaughter at Majuba Hill, is one of which any people might feel
justly proud.
Of the 1,000 Canadians who composed the First Contingent that
went to the front in South Africa, one hundred and thirty fell in battle,
thirty-six being killed and the remainder wounded.
The story of the pursuit and tinal capture of (leneral Cronje is a
most thrilling one, showing, as it did, the height of military cunning,
doggedness and persistency on the part of the Boer commander, and
the great breadth and scope of the jihins of Lord Roberts, as well as
the enthusiastic and heroic bravery of the Fnglish and Colonial troops,
who were determined that their enemy should not escape them.
Filled with Are and zeal the Dominion soldiers were not to be
stopped by anything. Although they were the jjride of the columns
with which they had served during the cam]iaign previous to that time,
having given proof of the (pialities which made them the admirable
and reliable troojjs they were, they wished to clinch the argument and
convince their leaders that they could be depended upon in every con-
ceivable sort of emergency. That was one of the reasons they pushed
forward in the fai'e of the most extreme dangers, tinally crowning the
glory of their achievements by that startling charge upon (Seneral
CYonje's entrenchments at Paardeberg, which compelled the surrender
of that taciturn chieftain.
From the day the pursint of Oeneral Ci'onje began the Canadians
were well up to the front, as the roll of honor shows.
In the battle at the Modder River the First Contingent, after a
hard march through the night, forded the stream without stopping to
take a rest and plunged at onee into the tight, which lasted all day.
Twenty of their men were killed in this action and sixty wounded.
The list of the killed is as follows:
Manitoba and Western men — Captain II. M. Arnold, of Winnipeg,
wounded and died shortly afterwards. Company A: Corporal W. 8.
S'cott, Fifth Royal Canadian Artillery; A. .Mandeville, Fifth Royal
<'anadian Artillery; W. .lackson, Fifth Renal Canadian Artillery; J. IL
Somers, Fifth Royal Canadian Artillery; J. Todd, Fifth Royal Canadian
Artillery.
London men— Company B: J. A. Donegan, Twenty-sixth Battalion;
R. Smith, Twenty-second Battalion; W. White, Twenty-first Battalion.
Toronto men— Company C: J. II. Fiudlay, Thirty-tifth Battalion;
W. T.'Maniim, Tenth RoyaKJnards.
Ottawa men — Company D: /. Lewis, Northwest Mounted Police;
S. L. Jackson, Thirty-seventh Battalion; O. T. Burns, Forty-third Bat-
talion.
Montreal men — Comjiany E: P. Cioodfellow, Fifth Battalion; C.
Lister, civilian; C. A. Barry, civilian; A. Mctjueen, Eighth Battalion.
Xew Brunswick men — (Vmipany O: R. D. Taylor, Charlottetown;
E. C. P. McCrary, Sixty-seventh Battalion.
Captain J. C. Mason, of Toronto, was one of the wounded.
Among the others wounded, as reported to the Canadian Militia
Department by Colonel Otter, were:
Private ]{. Kidner, Company C, Tenth Royal fSrenadiers, Toronto.
Private .T. Holland, (\impnny C, Tenth Royal (irenadiers, Toronto.
Private W. Downing, Con)i)any F, Sixtysecoa<l St. .I(din Fusiliers.
Private A. Parker, Company II, Sixty-»'ighth Kings County Bat-
talion.
Private Adams, Twenty-seventh Fusiliers, missing after the engage-
ment of Paardeberg, afterwards reported.
The killed and wounded at Paardeberg, in tlw gallant charge which
result«'d in the raising of the white Hag by Oeneral f>onje, as reported
to the Lon<lon War OIHce by Field .Marshal Lord Roberts, were:
Killed: Ontario — Privates Page, Johnson, Scott and Biggs.
(Quebec — Corporal Withy.
Nova Scotia — Privates Ormand and Withers.
New Brunswick — Private (^linn.
Wounded: (^uebet — Major Pelletier, Sergeant Pepiate, Privates
8ted nil day.
ounded.
i)f WinnipcjJt,
rporal W. 8.
Fifth Hoyal
tillcrj; J. II.
ytil Canadian
th Battalion;
'8t Battalion,
^h Battalion;
mtod Police;
ty-thii-d Bat-
Battalion; r,
th Battalion,
inrlottetown ;
ed.
idinn Militia
ors, Toronto.
k'FH, Toronto,
ihn Fnsiliprs.
County Bat-
r the enpiage-
[•harge which
', as reported
wore:
I Biggs.
uto, Privates
,
i
J
-
■■^^y^pm^immm.^.,^,^^^ ■Miimm&str^j., ,., .. .^.■•,„., \t,.,: ,'^. .»^
■
f / ■ '""*-'C^' ^H' M~^^- ' -'^ "-1 '"V' '■' ^* Xi^ . ' ' '".'"■■■ -'^^
■ ■■<--- , ■ >. t ■,...' ...■ ..~f s; "T
\ '■/f; •■:"^ ■ . '.■■■'■, - : '■- . - y j.P''^^^^^^
'
BRITISH COLUMBIA DETACHMENT LE AVINQ VANCOUVER. -In raising the thousand men to form tlie Canadian contingent for the South African war, British Col-
unibia and Manitoba as one niiUtary district were assij^iied the privilege of raising one company. This was Company A. The British Columbia half of the company assembled
at Vancouver. The illustration is of the scene at the time the British Columbia detachment of Company A boarded the train at Vancouver on their way to Quebec to join
the Canadian contingent for embarkation. The day the detachment left Vancouver a pouring rain was falling, but the enthusiasm which prevailed in tlie town was so
great that vast crowda assembled at the station to bid the men of the detachment good-bye ""W good luck. The train departed amid checr.i and good wishes.
*
II
n?
UKUTENANT FBKD C. J0NK8. LIKUTENANT C. W. WKUJON KcLEAN.
«nt alarge contingent to Vh^Yront, amUhtrTwa, no Uckh.'ko^
ii:-
CANADA'S ROLL OF HONOR.
249
HarriHon, l!^uthci'land, Proulx, Roy, Thcriault, Kagot, WU'bt'i't, Mathi'soii,
\VuHtlt'lI ami Diinahiic, late of the Sixlli t'nitcd States Infantry.
Ottawa— I'rivatcN MacDoiiald., Ilollaud, Croft, Liviii, Brady,
ThoinaH, Hpraj^uc, <"<ionibH and Vickcrs.
Winnipeg — Private II iigiies.
\ova Scotia — I'rivateK Harris and llarrison.
New Hrunswick and Prince Kdward Island — Privates Diirant,
Pelky, Leavitt, Sinijison and FratlHlnnu.
Private Jolinson, of Ontario, who was killed, was a son of the mem-
ber of I'arliament for Lambton.
After the snrrender of (ieiieral Cronje, the heroes of Field Marshal
Itoberts' army were the Canadians, whiise splendid (-onduct excited
the warmest admiration of the veterans in the service. They were
e(inally effective with ritle and with si)ade, and in their enthusiasm
could with difficulty be kept out of the enemy's laagir. It was the tirst
time in tlie histttry of the Hritisli Army that the regulars had ever con-
ceded anything, and it was indeed a great concession wrung from them
by sheer force of admiration for men who woidd not tlincli in the face;
of the hottest tire ever poured from trenches into the ranks of a charging
column.
Field Marshal Lord Hoberts told the Colonial bodyguard in London
at the jubilee of 18i)7 that he would like to have them with him if he
were to have another campaign. He was true to his wortl in putting
the fine Canadian force well to the ^'ront when the hard fighting ii'ces-
tary to force (ieneral Crciuje's surrender was on. It so happened that
the heroic dash of the Canadians on the 2Tth of lAbruary did not bring
on the desjierate conflict anticipated, the Canadians themselves being
the worst sufferers, but the residt was what Lord Roberts had been
|)raying and working for — the surrender of the Hoer commander who
was acknowledged to be the most dangerous of all the burgher leaders.
The Dominion men f''lt as though they had done tlieir part when
they saw the flag of truce, and afterwards witnessed the laying down
of arms by the stolid lioers, whost' defense had excited the admiration
of their foes.
What pleasi'd the (^madians as much (if not more) as anything else
was that when he jilaced his troops for the final charge at Paardeberg
he headed the column with the Canadian Contingent, which twice
previously had rendered such brilliant service right under the very eyes
of the Commander-in-Chief, putting the tJordon Highlanders behind the
Dominhtn men. It showed the absolite contidence Lord Hoberts had
in tlie ('olonials when he put them ahead of the Highlanders, who were
usually selected for the most desperate work, but in this instance the
Scotch gracefully conceded that the Canadians had fairly earned the
right to lead.
The Shropshires were also assigned to act as supports, and the
entire body g;it as close as ])ossible to the Hoer entrenchments during
the night of the 2(ith and waited until daylight.
When the long-lookedfor and welcome dawn came the column was
up, and with a ringing cheer dashed toward the Hoer defenses, receiving
tile bitter ard well-directed lire from tlu> ritles of the burghers without
flinching or stop))ing for a moment. Heing in front the Canadians took
the worst of the continued volleys, but before t ; had their revenge
the white flag was hoisted.
(teneral Cronje said a'terwards that he appreciated the hopeless-
ness of endeavoring to check such an impetuous advance as that of the
Canadians.
This tribute j)aid to the gallant-y of the Dominhm Contingent by
such a tried warrior as tin- greatest of the Hoer commanders, coupled
with the praiwe bestowed by Field Marshal Roberts, the greatest of
Hritish leadeis, has gone around the world, and has been the means of
elevating th(^ Canadian soldi«'r to the jilane he is so well worthy of
occupying.
The dispatch from tiueen Victoria, expressing her gratitude and
admiration for the heroism of her Canadian troops at Paardeberg, was
not the only one s(>ut by Her Majesty. I'poii the departure of the.
Third section of the Second Canadian Contingent from Halifax for
South Africa, the tioveruor-Oeneral of Canada, Lord Minto, received
the following cablegram from lion. .To.seph Chamberlain, Secretary of
State foi the Coloni»'s, date<l February 21, 1000, written by the direct
order of tlie Queen:
"London, February 21, 1900.
"Her Majesty the (Jueen ajipreciates the enthusiastic loyalty of
Canada, and wishes the troops godspeed and a safe return."
On the same day, news of the part taken by the First Canadian
Contingent in the f vere fighting on the Modder River having been
250
C.LWID.VS ROLL Of IIOSOR.
rpccivpil ill Ottawii iind otlicr chics of ilic Doininion, the I'roniicr, Sir
Wilfrid Liiiirifr, 4nl)lc(l ('(iloiicl Oticr, (■oiiiiiianiiin>; the ('iiiiaillaii ("oil-
liaticnl at ModdtT Kivcr, cxprcssliij" tiu' {{ratinidf of (lie <i(»vi'riiiiuul
for its bi'bavior on tlic tii'id, sayiiij;:
"Ottawa, Fcliriiar.v 21, llMHt.
"I desire to tonvev to voii and voiir men tli" y;i'afefiil (hanks of (lie
(tovernnieiit and the I'ailiainent of the Ooniinion of the {jallantr.v dis-
jila.ved on the battletield. Canada wurnilv appivciates he sacrifieeH
made by her sons for the honor of the empire. The wounded have oiir
sympathy and onr prayers for sjieedy recovery. Those who have {jiven
up their lives will ever be held in remeinbraiice by a {{ratefiil people."
Naturally v'anada was very jiroiid of the record her soldiers had
made in the pursuit and capture of (ieiieral ('roiij.', and the dispatch
from gueen Victoria to Lord Minto, e.xjiressin}; her adiniialion for the
pillant conduct of llie Canadian volunteers, was received throughout
(he length and breadth of the Ihuiiinion with every demonstration of
loyalty and enthusiasm. In almost every ci(y and town celebralions
Avere held, and a( a nions(er milKary |(alrio(ic eiKertainment in Toronto
the nifiht of (he l»Tili of Kebriiary (h(> (^i n's cable was received with
deafenin;; cheers. The heavy losses the Canadians sulTered were almost
f(U'p)t(eii in (he }ieiieral Joy over (he record (he (roops had iiiaile fxir
(heir coniKry in beinn; in (he principal tifjhdn}; preceding the capture of
(ieneral Cronje.
In the Lejtislatuie at (»((awa on (he af(eriioon of the 27th lion.
tieor-re \V. lloss, Premier of (tnlario. and .1. \V. Whitney, leader of (he
opposKioii, referred (o (he losses the Canadians ha<l sulTered, but said
(lia( the country had heard with feeliiijis of pride thai (lie members
of the Con(in};en( had aci|iii(ted themselves so well as to call forth the
public thanks of both (he (iiieeii ami Lord lioberts.
At a meetin;.' of (he HritisliAmericaii Corporalion in London on
the same day, at which (he Marquis of Dufferin presided, lie referred to
(li<- surrender of (Jeueral Cronje ami said (ha( no( ev.ii on an occasion
so unr«iiuan(ic as a business meetinf,' could he refrain from addinji his
tribute of admiration lor the spirit of loyal devodon which had induced
"that {,'reat country, Canada, to disiiateh acro.ss (he Adanlic those
noble ba((alions of f,'allant soldiers, who were riskinj; (heir lives and
sheddiii},' (heir blood, as some had already done, in the cause of their
Queen and in defense of the integrity of their common empire."
The Manpiis was once C.overnor< ieneral of the Dominion, und
knew the Canadians pndiably better than any other lOiijjlishnian.
C(donel William Dillon ()((er, who commanded the First Canadian
Contingent, on Field Marshal L(Md Roberts' ti},'hliii^' line at I'aardeberK,
made his tifthtinf; record y.-ars b.fore. Il.> wajt Ixun a( CIin(on, OiKarioj
in lS4:i, and commenced his niilKary service in IS(il at Toronto. In l.«(!4
he was a licn(enan( of the Queen's Kitles. Then he be.'anie adjiKant
of (he <iue<'ii"s Own, and as such served ■ jains; (he Fenians in ISdt!,
takint; !"•'■» i" the eiifrafjement at Hidfjeway. A major in lMi!», (he
brevet rank of lieu(enant <olonel was jiiven him in 1,S74. Since that
time h(> cominanded his baltalion durin<; the "pilf,'rima};e riol.s" in
Toronio, (heC.rand Trunk Railway rio(sa( Helleville, and (heceiKerof
(he l{a(tleford column in the Kiel rebellion of 1SS4-,").
lie was in command a;tainsl (he Indian chief, I'oundmaker, and
fou-iht him at Cut Knife Creek. The year 1S!M1 fmiml him an inspector
(if infantry, (hen seven niondis' service wi(li (he Imperial army, and
tinally <|ualitica(ioii f<ir (he rank of lieiMenant colonel in (he army.
He early became a member of the Church of Kii-rland. Toronlo
pive him a pur.se for his services in the Kiel rebellion, and he was
several (inies called (o Fn^'land by (he aiKhorides (here on army nia(-
ters. lie took to South Africa a s(a(T of sdmij; and ambidoiis men.
The ConduKent lef( home widi (he de(ermina(ion (o be at (he fnmt in
every battle, and set an example (o every other colony or dependency
Mother England ever possessed.
ill) occasion
I iiildiiip; his
litiil iniluct'tl
laiilic lliosc
'ir lives aii<l
iiise of their
ire."
million, iiiiil
HJiiiiaii.
st Canadian
I'aanlebei};,
on, Ontario,
ito. In l,v(i4
ne adjutant
ans in l,st!(»,
in l.S(l<», tlie
Since tliat
;e riots" in
he tenter of
niaker, and
Ml inspeclor
I army, and
' army,
d. Toronto
ind lie was
I army niat-
itioiis men.
Ilie front in
dependency
MAJOR W. A. WEEK?,
UEUTESANT J. HABBY KAYE.
MAJOR W. A. WEEKS.
CANADIAN OFmCER. -T..e off.ce. .n.t .en o, the Canadian contingent in the ^'h ^^-uTeleV/r 'X^^^^^
thev have taken part. The h.story of thecontingent since lis arrival in Africa ;»°*! ™°?'"°"^f ,a„ely assigned to garrison duty. Finally they were sent to join
heCder the be^tt«. At first the chances for.dist.ng-i.sied «rviees were s,nal the^^^ S^^-er7f4VrtaSt ensagfrnents. wLn the British forces closed ,n on
General Methuen's forces operating along lue M"^""" „^!"J-, „ ""^j „L;;^^\he „L^ In fact, the Canadians were tlie most couspicuouh ill
Canadian officers for dash and bravery in leading tlieir men.
CAPTAIN H. B, 3TAIBS.
Ila.ifai, vthv «cm witn toe Bearer Coty». -"- • a. „eBt - h. ^ Haiuax Kiacs, ana Corporals H, W. Ackhurrtaod Chiles HiiTc^kX'lh of
li?*
a
M
H
•0
u
CHAPTEK XXVI.
THK DOMINION'S I'HOMl'T HHWl'ONSK TO TIIK CALL FOR
TKOOl'K— (JALLANT KKCOHl) OF TIIF CAN-
ADLVNH EVEKYVVIIEKE.
HEN thf war with the South African Itcpublie
broke oiil Caiuuhi fairly blazed with patriotic
exciteiiiciit, ami fully 1'0,(K)(» men volunteered
tln'ir services at once, but the Imperial Ooveru-
ment could not acce|)t them all at that time, and
selected 1,000 men from the active militia — the
flower of that f,Mi"i'iit orfjanization — who were
placed uniler the command of Colonel William
Dillon Otter.
The Canadian militia, ptverned by the
Militia Act of 188(5, was put under the immediate command of a major
general of the Kritinh army. It was properly divided into thrw sections
— the i)ermanent militia, the active militia and the reserve militia.
The first »«'ction, having; a Htrenjith of only HCCt, remained perma-
nently with the colors and formed the nucleus of the whole army.
The sec(»nd section, or active militia, constituted for practical pur-
poses the available fljjhtiug force of Canada. It was 3.">,0()0 strong, but
it was not permanently attached to the colors.
The third section of the Canadian army consists of the entire male
population between the ages of 18 and (iO, the constitution of the
Dominion permitting a general call to arms if required for the defense
of the country.
The Canadian militia forces at the breaking out of the war included
thirteen batteries of garrison artillery and seventeen field batteries.
There were also two companies of engineers and thirty-eight squadrons
of cavalry.
Major-General E. T. Flutton was the commander of the militia when
the war broke out, but was shortly afterwards ordered to South Africa
by the Imperial War Office. Whdn appointed to the command of the
258
militia of the Dominion in IH!)7 he was colonel in the British army and
an aid-de-camp to the (Jueen. Previous to his taking command of the
forces in the Dominion, (Jeneral lihtton was best known in connection
with the Mounted Cavalry, and had been employed as commander of
the military forces in New South Wales, where he was instrumental in
bringing forward the (piestion of Australian federation. For this ser-
vice the Ciovernment of New South Wales gave him a vote of thanks,
and in consideration of the work he did in that colony he was appointed
honoiary colonel of the Mounted Bitles. Ills rank of major general was
conf( rred ni)on him. when he went to Canada.
When the First Canadian Contingent was ready to sail, which was
within ten days after notification from the Imi)erial War Offlc(> that it
would be accepte<l, the (iueen s(>nt her thanks from Windsor, and on
October 27, 1S{)!>, T»rd Minto, governor genera! of Canada, sent this
reply to the cablegram from Josepli Chamberlain conveying ller
Majesty's thanks to Canada for its manifestations of loyalty and patriot-
ism in sending trooi>8 to assist Great Britain in the Transvaal:
"Ottawa, October 27, 1900.
"The people of Ciinada have received with sincere gratification the
message from Her Majesty the Queen, conveying her thanks for Canada's
contribution to the British forces now en route to South Africa. The
good wishes expressed by the Sovereign for her Canadian troops will
inspire them with (h-ep sentiments of loyalty and patriotism and with
a determination to sustain the reputation that Canadian volunteers
have earned in the past history of this part of the Empire."
The Militia Department in recruiting this contingent had to con-
sider the feelings of the different provinces, each of which would will-
ingly have supplied the whole number required. In consequence, each
•/■///:■ nOMIMO.VS rKOMri KI-SI'OXSE TO Tllli C.ll.l. lOK TKOOPS.
I
iiiilitarv (listrict was oidcivil I., rocniil mid supply its >iu(,(ii, )in<I williin
a foitninlit <.f till- i.nli.i- fur cni'iiiliiiint thr lonijianii's assniihlfil at
(iiii'bcr. till- placi' ..ri-iiiliailiati m (»i tulicr 1*7 and I'S, )iii,| «■,.!•,. ||i(.|.,.
fiillv iM|iiippi-i| mill ivaily for M.-rviii. li.v ii i on ilu- fojlouliiji MdiiiImv,
llif ;?(llli, till' ilav of saillii-. Oil Hiifr.-rin IVrruco they wm- InHpiTti'-ii
b.v MajdiMii'iiciiil lliiHoii, wh,, was liiiiiicnsi'l.v pIcaKcil with tln>
plivsiiiui' of till' iiii'ii, ami « lio saiil lio liail wiltti'ii to Sir Ifnlvcis HiiIIit
tliat Canaila "liail s.-iit him of Iut b.-st." AfiiT the roMtiiiKriii bail bmi
ivvii-wcil anil ailihrssiil b.v ilii> (iovi.|iioi-( Jnicral, Lord Minto— wbi.
aiiioii}; otliiT iliin;;s said lliat "Siiivl.v wv bavi- lliis ila.v opcm'd a new
• liaptcr ill till' liistorv of our Kiiipiiv"- -tli,. tlioiisaiid "tnmps iiiar<-li<Ml
lo ibc jilaic of fiiibarkmioii aniiil a scnii' of iiidcscribabi itbtisiasin.
As tlic Sardinian last otT lb,, bijr jr„„s bom I a saliiti- fioni llif ritadtl.
tlii'sti.aiiirrs wbistli'il, mid tlii- iialimial mitbcni was siiim by ovor 4(M»<>0
pi'o])!.., will) iii.wili.il till' wliaivi's, Willis, the tcmui-, and ovItv avaib'ibli.
sjiot.
Till' iontin>;»'nt aiiivcd at Cape Town on tlii' 2!»tli of NovcnibiT, tli.-
Sardinian liavin^^ niaib' an iiiii'vi'iitful voya};i., and tin. troops w.-iv r,.-
icivi'd with tbi. };ri.ati.st I'litlmsiasni. Tin- im-n wcr.. si.|it a( i.n«<. to the
division I'oinniandi'd by (i ral !,ord Mcfhncn, anil about the 1st of
Dcicinbi'r iiiovid from tlii. Moddor K'ivi'r, with thr llorsi. Artilb-rv, Ihi'
Australian innlin^ii'iit and tliri'i. ri.};ular infantry ri.t;iiui.nts to tin'. I>|.
Aoarand I{|.|nioni lini.. Tlii.y wi'i-i- f^ivi-n ait ivi. I'mploymi-nt of all sorts
—stiff work lik.' buildiii}; sidings, I'li'itiiifi platforms and other duties
iniident to routine serviie— and showed themselves zealous in every-
thing they were ordered to do. There was tiKlitiiii; ahead, and thi'y
hungered and thirsted for it, loiitentinK tliemselves as best they loulil
until the tiiiie lanie to have it out with the enemy. This i.reliniinary
work was },'oik1 exeiiise for them, and they continued in most excellent
health.
The C'anailians, in eonne.tion with the Australians, had, in the
latter part of December, the honor of strikint; the first blow on the west-
ern frontier since the battle of MaKersfoiitein, when tli,.v eaptiircHl the
towns of Sunnyside and Dou-lass, constituting a tlyinjr column umler
Colonel Pilcher, and liberated a number of loyali.^t refufjees. After that
the flyinst I'olumn returned toward neImout,"actinj,' !>.« an escort for the
refugees.
The immediate re.siilt of Colonel IMIcher's success w«a the entire
dispersal of the IJoerH who hiid been RoverninR the counlrv for li.e pre-
vious six weeks.
Several bodies of Koet-M were encountered bv the column, but the
Torontos, abnie and unaided, dispersed maiit of ihe,,,. hi other in-
stances, they acted in conjunction with the Aiislraliaiis.
A report of the ocnpalion of SnnnyHlde and Douglass, sent oiii on
January ;{, l!»(ll», said:
"After Sunnyside was captured the Torontos occupied the laager
for the night and joined the main body the following morning, brin-in-
the whole of the Hoer tents, wagons and loot, and leaving the Cornwalls
Ml garrison at Sunnyside. The Hritish force then started for lass
the Torontos bringing up the rear in wagons. In the afternoon the
troops enti.red the town unopposed and amid extraoidinarv scenes
"The inhabitants were ovi-rjoyed and crow 1 about ihe soldiers
shaking hamls with them, and when they learned that their il,.|iverers
were Canadians and Australians the enthusiasm became frenzied
There were deafening cheers as the troops traversed the main street'
mill It was almost impossible for them to make priigri..s.s, the crowds
being so eager to shake hands with the colonials.
"It appears that the landdrost and all the mounted rebels .'vaciiated
the place on the previous night. The unmounted rebels are reported to
'• •'■•'"'■'' ' <•'«' vicinity. (iuantili..s of ammunition were canture.l
and destroyed.
"The Canadians acted as an escort for the refugees, siiigin-r as tliev
marched, and carrying babies in t heir arms. The account of t he marcii
to Dover farms reads like a iday revel rather than serious warfare
but the whole effect of this demonstration of imperial gallantry ami
loyalty is inspiring.
"Many prisoners were taken at Sunnyside, Uiese being ilisatTected
Hritish subjects, who wi-re not treated as prisoners of war but subjects
of the (ineen caught in open rebellion."
Cidonel IMIcher's raid was not an isolated luoveaient from Relmont
but, as given out from the Imperial War Oftice in London on January
J, was supported by a preconcerted reconnoissance by a nioiiiit,.il force
from Moihler Kiver. conducted by (Jeneral Babington.' Colonel IMIcher's
flying column was .ouslanlly iu touch with Ueneral Afi'thuen's cavalry
At the Modder Hiver camp, where (}, neral Lord Methuen had head^
•luarters, the conduct of th.' ,• niafs was greatly admired, while the
fill' tiM' pre-
mil, liiil (lie
n otlicr in-
Hcnt (lilt on
tile liiiiKcr
i;;, liiiiiH:iiiH;
' <'orii\vall,s
I' l>llll<r|j|MS,
••riioon tli<>
■ SCI'IICS.
Ill' widdicrs,
r (li'livtTcrs
«' fi'tiizicil.
mill sti'cci,
I III' (TowUh
1 1'Viiciiati'd
I'I'lldl'Icd tn
»' ciiptiiii'd
iiit; as ilicy
(lie iiiandi
IK warfare,
laiitry and
li.safTcclcd
It Niihjccts
I Ht'liiKint,
II •January
iitcd foirt'
I I'ilclK.r'H
'h cavalry,
had head-
while th(!
CANADIAN ARTILLERY ENTRAIMNQ AT OTTAWA. From C«iuuU'« Snows to Alrlc't Sunoy Fountaliu.
I'ruMi Greenland's icv mou'ilaina Froni ineny 9.ti «ncl?nt riv^ri
I'rom India's coral strand, From many a palmy plain,
Where Afric's sunny fountains They call us to deliver
Roll down their golden sand; Their land from error's chaiq.
JW •«-• tis
tr%-^
I"^,^ '/:
•■|»f<S*%a„ «5.-
war*.
MANITOBA DETACHMENT OP CANADIAN CONTlNaRNT un.^ _. . ^ .
/■///• UOMIXIUXS I'KOMI'I HIiSl'OS'SE TO THE CALL POK TROOPS.
BritlHb public paid uiiboiiudtHl tribute to tlic proweNH of tb«> ('uimillaim
and AuHtrallanM. (Irapliic arcounlH wcr*- |inbliHli<Ml in I.uudoii of tin*
fiithuHiaNiii ill l)oii)(laMH aH the victni'ioiiM ironpH ciitci'iMl that plar<>.
Tt)riiiit<i waM vcr^v prnutl of licr hoiim wImmi deMpatclicH i-c^aniliiK
tlit'ir iiarl In the tal<lii|; of Huiiii.vHidc and " zIiimh rcarlicd tlint cilv,
and not only llicrc but all over Canada I'u.'c -, .i •irat cnllinHiaKiii, aM
it wan tin- Hint tinicHincc the Nortluvt-H Hi'lit'llioii, >/, 1SM^M.*>, fur wliirli
honiN Kiel HulTcrcd death, that ranadiai li" |im liad '■ en under lire. In
Toronto tlie IntereNt wuh greater becaut ' hu- iiiaj<>i ,v of tlie eoinpan.v
eiij;aK«'<l in tlie operation at Wunii.vMid«' wen : • >> T,,,o|,t,,. Many of the
privateH were hoiih of weaitli,v fanner^:. k:..ierM HerviiiK in llie raiiiiN
had held coniniiHHioiiM, whieli they reHi)riied to have a cliaiiee of '.'ettiu^
to the front.
The following eablenrain waH received on January .'I, liMMt, by
Ooveruor Oeueral Minto, at Ottawa, from Jtmepli Clianilieiiian, Secre-
tary (if Htate for tlie ColonieH;
"London, .Ian. W, UtOO.— I congratulate you on nallant behavior of
the contingent in enpifjeiiieiit at Hiiniiyside."
IVo conipuni<>H of CanadiaiiH were deMpatched from lU'lniont to
cover the return of t'olonel IMIcherV coluiiiu, and occupied a paHH nix
iiiileM out from the town to prevent any attempt of the lloers to cut off
tlie force.
The Domiuion was apiin roiiHed to enthiiMiasm when word wuh
reci'ived from the Imperial War Otilce at London tliat the olTcr of a
Hecond Canadian contingent had been accepted. Minister of Militia
Horden announced in the Parliament at Ottawa that tliiH contingent
would have u Htrength of 1,(144 men, conipri«iiin tliree H(iuadronH of
mounted rifles, numbering in all Ml, to he taken from the Ncntliwetit
mounted police and the other lialf recruited from the different cavalry
corpHof the Dominion; and three Held battericH, selected from the differ-
ent batteries in Canada, 5L3 offlcers and men.
A cable despatch received from Secretary Chamberlain said that
the officers need not be members of regularly drilled forces, but muHt
be good shots and rough riders.
When the first contingent was liciiig formed liundreds of Northwest
mouateii ptjlke and caTa!ry!ri?n n?re H--xi.->up t'> vidnr-tt^^r for ^orvicp,
but the troops were then restricted to foot soldiiTH. The second force
was mainly mounted, and was as fine a body of men ai ever went to
war, for the jsilice iMissessed every (|uulillration for llie style of warfare
prosecuted liy the Hoers.
The second Caiiadiaii niiitingcnt for Hoiitli .\frica sailed from
Halifax In three sectit i:k, tlie lirst, consisting of tli<> artillery, leaving
on till- steamer Uii.renlian on .laiiiiary I'l, tIMMl, .Major lliirdiiiaii in
cliurge. At Cape Town Colonel Charles Willlaiu Dniry look coiiiiiiaiid.
.V large number of peojile from different set iIoih of the maritime prov-
inces were (in hand to se(> tlu soldiers depart, the railroads having
alloW(Hl excursion fares for the occasion. The scene along the streets
as the soldiers marched to the docl^yani was one of great eiithusiasiii.
Thousands assembled along the roiit(> of nian li ami gave the men a
tiiiuiiltuo'is ileiiionstratioii. The crowds cheered almost constantly and
waved Hags and hiiKdkerchiefs.
Hefore the lutilleryincn left their armory lliey were aduressinl by
I Ion. Frederick K. H(M(len, Minister of .Militia and hefenseiii the Ottawa
cabinet; Oeneral lliitton, commander-in-cliier of llie military, and Hir
M. K. I>aly, Ooveruor of Nova Hcotia.
The artillerymen arrived at Cape Town on I'^ebruary 17, and were
welcomed by Major -lohn llanbiiryWilliams, Military Secretary to tlie
Ooveruor of Cape Colony, and the Itrilish High Coiniiiissioner in South
.\frica, Sir Alfred Miluei, on behalf of His Kxitlieiicy.
ColoiK-l Drury conimenced Ids military career in the New Rruiis-
wlck Oairison .Vrtillery, January 2, 1H74; later, while attached to ".V"
Knttery in (Quebec, he was piaceil in charge of .Meteorological Works;
in lS8iJ he was appointed A. 1>. C. to the OoveriitU'tieneral of Canada,
the Mar()uis of Lome, and had served the Karl of Aberdeen and Lord
Minto in the same capacity. Hedistiuguisheil himself during the North-
west rebellion in 188.5. .lust after the outbreak of the British-Hoer war
he was sent on special service at the Cape.
Tlu» second section of tlie Second Contingent, comprising the North-
west mounted men, or Prairie I{ang(>rs, under command of Major
Williams, sailed fr(un Halifax a few days lat<>r. Many of the men were
of independent means, one being a millionaire, and yet he went as a
private. There was much blu(> blood aiiioiig the mounted prdice volun-
teers — sons of English aristocracy, who joined the force purely for love
of advciitUrt-. PtdifrlUari IlaFcOUrt, for iiistaiitt-, WilS A riiiii of !3ir
WilHum Vernon Harcourt, former Liberal leader in the Rritish House
of Commons.
i>58
THE DOMIXIOXS PROMPT RRSPOXSE TO THE CALL FOR TROOPS.
I'll' II were rcln.irkablc fur (heir siilciidiil idnsiiinc anil liorsc-
iii;iiisliii> iinil all wvw expert iiiarksiiicii, the nccessarv <iualiticatiiins
Tor I'lilistniciit in \\\'\* l)attali(iii.
Will 11 the Kaiificrs, over 400 stntii};, arrived at Ottawa on flieir way
to Halifax, the ("aiiadian capital fairlv went wild. The inareli of the
tidop fiiini the de|Mit to Parliament Hill was made amid the most pro-
found demonstration of loyally ever witnesswl there. At Parliament
Sipiai-e the scpiadron was received by (!(iverm)r(ieneral Lord Miiito,
and Lady Minlo jireseiited the officers with liandscmie gnidons, remark-
Ihk that .•^lie was especially ijlad to make this ])resentHtion to the men
from the West, where His Excellency had campai};ned darinir the re-
liellioii of "S,").
The third section of the Second ("ontin^jent Mtmnted Volunteer
Inf intry, re<rnited from Toronto and Kinjfston, .iOO strong, commanded
by Li.'iit('uaut-('(diinel Kvan-s, sailed for Cape Town on Februarv 21.
Tjion arrival al Cape Town ('(donel Kvans turned over the command
1o<Vdonel Francois j.onis Lessard, a <'anadian otiicer on Field Marshal
K'olierts' staff. Colonel Lessard was born in the city of Quebec, Decem-
ber !t, 1S.")!I, and received his education there. He entered the Canadian
I'ermaneiit Militia force in INSO as second lieatenant in the Qnebec
iiaivison Artillery. Fonr years later he joined the Cavalry Scho(d
<'orps, with which he served with jjreat pronnse dnrinfj the Northwest
rebellion in iss."). for which he was awarded a medal. For several
months he v.as on special service in South Africa previous to beiuf;
ai)i)oinled to the comnjand of the Canadian Mounted [nfantrv.
.Many of Cmiada's sons were siirnally honored by Field Marshal
Loid l!<dierts. aiiionj; them Major Septimus Denison, who was aiipointe<l
on (ieneral l!oi;erts' personal staff. He was born at Toronto Sept.'mber
:{, isr.o, received his preliminary training.' at the l{oyal Military College,
Kinfjston, Ontario, served in the South Staffordshire Militia, and was
.aazetted into the Canadian Permanent Militia force as lieutenant in
June, IMSS. II,. went thr(tu«j;h a special course of instruction at Ilvthe
and .VIdershot, servin-f as A. I). C. to the Duke of ConnauKht, and taking
jiarl in the .Fubilee piocession. He afterwards served the Earl of Aber-
deen, (ic.vernoi-C.eiieral of Canada, in the same capacity. Major Denison
was an officer of the lirsf Canadian eoutin^jen! that ^ailpd for faoutl.
Africa.
THE HA* AXCE OF POWEK.
From "Minneapolis Journal."
The (artoonist here lejiresents all Europe except Japan ns beinp
against England, and the I'nited States throwing the weight of its
power on (he side of Enj;liuid. Whether EMKiaiiti and America and
Japan could whip the tlire<' >;reat, iM)werful nations of Fraiue, Kusida
and tiernmny is a )|ueNtiiin that will lUidiably never be answered.
--^!:
rapnn nn boiny;
• weight of itH
1 Aiiicrica jiiid
Friiiico, |{iiMiiia
iinswi'ivd.
i. STALWART OROOP.
EMBARKATION OF SECOND CANADIAN CGNTINOENT.
*
■it-
1 •^..
^.-l" m*
-
^ .mm
WlNNIPtU DIVISION.
THE PICK OF IIBITISn COLUHBU.
SECOND CANADIAN CONriNQENT.— Tl 7 Canailiaus liavc I)e«ii excMiliiiBly enthusiastic ami patriotic in tlieir attitu>1e toward Crreat Britain in the lutter's war in
South Africa. Wlien it was learneil tliat a continKiiit of one tliousand men would be accepted from Canada for service in Soutli Africa, tlie interest was so great througli-
out the Province* that this nunil)er and more could easily liave Iwen raised in any one of tliem, and eacli Province wouhl have been glail to have furnished the full quota.
The first contiuBent was a splendid body of fightine men, and they have won laurels on several battlefields. A second contingent was raised, but for some time there was
a question whether this contingent would be ueeded. The illustrations given here ore uf end in connection with the Second Canadian Contingent, for which the very best
of Ccnmd*'* men were accepted.
fl ^i
sg"
l^g-a
rs
m] ! S S; 3,2
i 1^5
rf c ^ o » =
CHAPTER XXVII.
Sir TFIOAXT DP:M0NSTRATI0XS of CANADIAN LOYALTY
TO THE EMIMKE AND (iKEEX— STHEXCiTII OF THE
DOMINION'S OI!<iAXIZED AXD UXOKOAN-
IZEDFOItCEH.
RKINAL (lemoiiNtrntion of the dcsiro of the
Ciiniuliniif of all statu)nM to show their devo-
tion to the Empire was the offer of Ixird
Htratlu'ona, Canadian Hi^h Coniniii^sioner in
London, to provide, distinct from the Canadian
contiiiffents, a foree of at least 400 mo\inted
men from Manitoba, Northwest Territory and
I^ritisli Columbia, and to arm, eqnip and eonvey
them to Houth Africa at his own expense, all
to be expert marksmen, i'ough riders and scouts.
The offer involved an exi)enditure of £200,000, but Lord Strathcoua
was in earnest. The ^Var Ortice at Loudon rejjardwl li<»r<l Strathi'ona's
proposal as an extraordinary pi-oof of cohinial patriotism, and ac-
cepted it.
Colonel Ham K. Steele, nameil to command Strathcona's Horse,
came of good fiK'il'"K Ht<i<'k, his father, Cai)tain Htwle, having served
with distinction under Nelson at Trafalgar and elsewhere. Of magnifi-
cent physiiiue, six f«'et three and one-half inches in his socks, tifty-two
years of age, in 1000, he was born in llu' northern part of Prance, in
which country his father, together with numbers of retired naval men,
settled after the cimclusion of the Napoleonic wars. AVhen Ham was
about seven yeai-s of age the family migrated to Canada, and settJi'd
near the borders of the lovely Lake HImcoe. Sam was api>renticed to
the sea, but after a short but adventurouh career on the ocean, the
tiiiijjit»i(jr iif t"i*i!i't iiiUK (if Iwjrder life iuduceil the vttistlt in ijust the sea
and he became one of the earliest recruits of the frontier force. Upon
the outbreak of the great Indian rebellion he v/aa given a separate
261
(■(Uhnuind, and as the leader of Steele's scouts performed yeoman's
service.
After the rebellion Colonel Steele occupied many difficult posts,
and his skill and diplomacy in dealing with Indians and others were
beyond all praise. Tliis caused him to be chosen above all others for the
ditticult task of maintaining' order in the Yukon District of the North-
west. The magnitude of tluit task may be in part ajiiireciated when it
is recognized that at one time there were assemliled in Dawson City
no less than 28,000 men. Like to every other new mining camp they
numbered amongst them the scum of the earth, including 24(i known
murderers. The fact that under his regime crimes of violence were con-
si)icuous by their absence spoke volumes for his administrative ability;
and that he was three thousand miles from his base with but seventy
troopers was but additional evidence of the value of the Canadian
Mounted IVdice.
In recognition of the fact that mounted infantry must form a most
important part of the armies of the future, the attention of (Ireat Britain,
has been directed toward Western Canadi.i, a country of siii li ningnifl-
cent distances that everybody living there must ride, whil'- iire
so cheap, owing to the abundance of free i)asture and the siiiii nf
raising grain and jMittiug up hay, that the poorest farmer i.^ ily
owns a saddle-horse. Then the abundance of game and the privilege
of shooting it anywhere and everywhere bring it about that every settler
possesses a gun (in' most cases a Winchester) and knows how to use it
jw.nerly.
It developed during the British-Roer war that the Canadian soldier
was about the handiest man in the service of the Empire; also, that
I'(i
•2W2
SICMI^IC.IM Dli.MOXSTR.lTlOXS Ol' C.tX.lPl.lX LOVALIY.
m
14 .
p •:
Western Ciiiinda was the best reeruiliu}; criiiind Ku^laiul possessed for
imiiiuted iiifaiitiv. It can be saitl witlioiit fear of cDiitradiction, tliat
evei'v abli'-biidied settle!' ill Weste: .1 Ciiiiada is just as capable a fighter
on tlie defensive as tlie lioer, and as good in offensive o])ei'uti<ins as Mr.
Thomas Atkins, hi the ttrst place, his manner of living and the nature
of his sni'ioiindiiigs are to a great extent the same as tli'ise of the in-
habitants of the belligerent republics; secoiidiv, he .s and always will
be a Hi'iioii.
Again, the vast majority of \\'eKtern Canadians are willing and
able t<i turn their hands to any kind of work, and are proud of their
ability to do so. Public opinion in the West insists upon a man using
his hands, and the result is that n<d>ody lives any length of time in that
couiiiry without learning to chop firewood, cook a meal, groom a horse,
hitch up a team, and perform all other necessarv "chores" or odd job.s
about a farm or ranch.
The horses of Western ("anada are among the best in the world foi-
st reiigt I. and I'liduraiice. The ICiiglish thoroughbred, wlm is the corner-
stone of r.ritish su|U'eiiiacy in horse breeding, is the produit of a century
of scieiitiiic breeding on strictly comiiion-seiise lines. Kngland has not
iiuKle the mistake of cultivating mere racing machines as the trotter and
the iiacer; a mistake which has had most serious coiise(|uences in some
other countries. On the Alberta ranges the stock-raisers bring their
stallions from Kastern Canada, where horse-breeding is as well under-
stood as In the .Mother-country. And the >\'eHterii settler knows that
a little Knglish blood means greater stamina, greater adaptability to
circiiiiistames, less vice, and more "horse-sense."
Wlicii recruiting began in the l>ominion for the Canadian Mounted
Kifles, jiractically the whole of the Northwest .Mounted I'olice and
eighteen hundred others voiunfeered and underwent a very stringent
medical exiimination, l,ess than S per cent of these candidates were
rejected on the score of |)liysical unfitness! Again, when the call came
for viduiileeis for Slralhcoua's Horse nearly twi thousand offered, and
of those Ic^s than 10 per cent failed to jiass the doctor, albeit the loss of
a single front tooth in one case was made the excuse for rejecting a
cnndiilale. On both occasions very short notice was given, and it was
inipo'.isilili' for many range-riders and dwellers in the out-lying settle-
ments to send in their names in time. Moreover, married men wer«»
debarred froiu volunteering, and nearly all with n Htnke in the eoiiiitry
abstained from doing so; for it was felt that the Kuipire was not in
danger, the result of the war being a foregone conclnsiou. However,
had any Kiiropeau Power consented to help the Hoers, the wliide of
Western Canada woiilJ have risen in defence of the Empire.
llow great a force of mounted men could be rtiiHed in Western
Canada is a ipiestion often asked. Figures at hanil show that the North-
west .Mounted Police has an ellicient strength of Til) otticers and men.
Then thei't- are at least 2,IHMI settlers, who have served the minimuin
term of live years in the Northwest Mounted I'oliie; liirtheriiiore, there
are at least 2,.">II0 settlers who have served in an liii|)(>rial regiment
or ill the Canadian Militia; lastly, there are nearly 2t),(H)U settlers with-
out military experience of any kind, who are able-bodied, able-minded,
are betweeii'tli(> ages of twenty-one and forty-five, and who can ride and
shoot.
Not more than a month's drill would be necessary to jiiit the latter
class into shaiie, for tlie Western Canad-aii land his horse as wtdl) is
amazingly ipiick.
It is understood that the Canadian Militia Department has been
considering the (piestion of organi/iiig the great latent strength of the
Dominion, the main features of the scheme being as fidlows:
1. The Northwest Mounted Police to be under the confnil of the
.Minister of Militia instead of the Minister of the Int(>rior.
2, Men who have served in the Nortliwesi Mounted Pidice, and
all others now serving with the Canadian .Mounted Uitles and Stratii-
coiia's Horse, to form a reserve.
.'{. The existing Kille .\ssociations, etc. (of which there are about
thirty in NN'esterii Canada with at least two tliousnnd members in all)
to receive a full measure of siip|iort from the l>ominion and Provincial
(iovernmeiils. The Lee-.Metf4ir(l (or sonic other ajiproved weapon) to
take the jdace of the Martinilleiiry; the rilles, of crMirs(>, remaining
the pn.perty of tiie Ciovernnient. Amniunition for annual trainings to
be furnished by the (Soveriim.ent. Instructors to be supplied, {'it:
4. Competent indiviiluals to lie authorized to raise bodies of
.Mounted Infantry, which should receive grants in ]iro])orfion to their
efticiency (a) in shooting (b) in cavalry drill.
5. ManoMivers to take jdace annually in June or July, nt some
central and convenient iwint.
Tr(M»iier Zaeliary It. 10. Lewis, killed in action at ? 'aai'i.'ucrg hi the
il.
ro was not in
)n. However,
the whole of
lire.
(1 in Western
hat the Xorlh-
cei's and men.
tlie niininiinn
lerniore, tliere
'Hal i'e};inient
settlei'H with-
, able-minded,
) can ride and
put the latter
■se as well) is
lent has been
ren^jth of the
ws:
i'ontn>l of the
)r.
d I'<dice, and
s and Slrath-
ere are al)oii(
>mbers in all)
nd Provincial
d weapon) to
se, remaining
I traininjTH to
lied, etc.
ise bodies of
riion to ilieir
hily, at some
''»wrg in the
SECOND VICTORIAN CONTlNaHNT.- The peop!;' of AuitratU have been enthuaiastic in their support of their mother country in the war with the Boers. In fi .:.
this enthusiasm has been general in Great Britain's colonies, and shows the strong uond that exists between the different pans of the British Empire. It is this Ixjnd oi n
common cause and a common interest that makes Great Britain strong not only), war but in peace. Great Britain wn-fd have been seriously handicapped in the So'
African war had it not had its sturdy colonial troops to depend upon. The illustrati-ri here given shows the second . ■: i ian contingent marching through Melbourne i.'.
ita w»y to embark for the Cape for South African service. This contingent left Melbourne January 13, 1900, commatif'c ' ^y Colonel Price.
^^M
BIB DONALD A. BIUia-IX)BD 8TBATHC0NA.
NEWS OF THE RELIEF OF LADYSMITH.
as the Strathcona Horse. Col. Sam Steele, a man of
inon «TBATHCONA — ThUeentlemanis the Hi«li Comuilssloiier lor Canada in Lomion nml g<>vrfr.--.r .-,f !h
in F^rry?."a™ ffcT^he .cstf^prain^^^^^^^^
h ..n,rience on the Dlains. was »»"«'"'™'Sii Rrttel iTL^dySm^ -T^TiCrration is of the scene when the first man from Ladysmitb, after the relief, anive<l i.i
^n by the wXn anxt^to "« new. of their men kind. There wa. . chorus of "How-, my iusband?" and the poor man war
much experience on the plains, was given
was an inducement to join the forc^. N«
Pietermaritaburg. He was at once »t upon
glad to get out of the way.
SIGNIFICANT DEMONSTRATIONS OF CANADIAN LOYALTY.
<iallHiit atlack iiimui Cronjo's laagpp, Iwloiij^od to tho Canadian Mountwl
INflut", ami waH attailu-il to the "U" Con';;;!>>y vUttawa) of the IJoyal
i'anaduuiH. A boh of the hite Ur. Ix'Wis, and a nephew of Ari-hbishop
LewiH, of Ontario, Anj,'li<an Metropolitan of Canada, he waH formerly
cne of the Speaker'H pat;«'n in the ( 'auadian lloime of CoiunionM, and very
popular with a lar^e lircle of acquaintances in Ottawa and I{ef;ina, the
latter town being that in which he joined the Mounted I'olice four years
ago.
Surgeon-Major A. B. Osborne, of the Hamilton Field Battery, who
offered his services as a surgeon, accompanied the Canadian (*ontiugent
to Kouth Africa. Dr. Osborne was one of the most distinguished special-
ists for eye and ear in the Hamilton district of Canada, and carried on a
large and lucrative practice, but sacrificed it to give his 8er>'ice8 to
the Empire in the Boer war. He was graduated from Magil University,
Montreal, and was born in 1802.
Lieutenant McLean, of Kt. John, company "«," Koyal Cunadian
Il<'giment, who resigned to join the Imperial Field Artillery, was much
ccmimended by Lord Methuen for his maps of the country. Lord
Methuen was highly impressed with Lieutenant McLean's efficiency,
both as cartographer and officer, and promised to endorse his application
for a cimimission in the Imj)erial Army. Lord Methnen carried this out,
and thus the Koyal Canadians lost one of their most promising
subalterns.
265
TUYINO TO TRIP JOHN BULL.
From "Minneapolis Journal."
The couibiuatlon between Tresident Paul Krugef of the Transvaal
and President Hteyn of the Orange Free State did not trip John Bull so
. easy as they thought it would.
i
tm^
n '("
Ijpll
lp.» III §
il i gvS e s
- bo
«■- p ? fi
rS '? §"3 *
^ 3.0 _ S ^ja
RAMMINQ THE CHARQE HOME.— The illuatration here given is of a sizteen-pounder made about 1770, which the British garrison, besieged at Mafeking,
unearthed. The guu is of the ancient naval type, and bow it came to Mafelcing is a mystery. A resident of the town recalls that it passed into the Mafeking district in
charge ci ;:tc Ccnnass nciiriy forty years a^. ihc Hriiiah, ^rho tycrr auppHctl r.'ith no ariiiicrj' except 7 pounders of the Crimean period, cleaned up the gun and turned
it against the Boers with good effect. At first it was tested with two pounds of powder, which threw a ten-pound ball more than two thousand yards. The charge was
increased to three pounds, which threw the same weight boll more than two miles, thus making the gun a valuable means.of defense.
< r
FIELO-MABSHAL LOBO BOBBBT8, V. C.
lUJOR-OENEK . TARD KlTCHENbn
. n'r^^hPlCl^'^^u^h.^'r?*? ROBERTS' V.C.-Appoiiited commander-in-Chief of the British forces in South Africa. He is recognized as one of the moat caj^able as well as th .i.j»t popuiar generals
ot the Bnlish army. His bnlliant successes in the field have made him the idol of "Tommy Atkins," to whom he is known iis "Little Bobs." In India his dii
^ross, he Being in moat of the famous battles of that country, including Lucknow and Delhi. His famous march of 31.3 miles with a force of 10,000 men, fr ,,
days and at once engaged and defeated the besiegers. For this he was elected to the Peerage and has since been known as U>rd Roberts of Kandahar.
..j.i.'V"^,?'^'*'^'^?'*^^,'''"^'* KITCHENER.-Appointed chief of sUff to Lord Roberts in South Africa. His recent achievi.m,.nts in Egv, ihe eubii
and the bnlliancy of his diplomacy at Fashoda, have endeared him to the British public and soldiers alike. His remarkable genius at mii rgam
pfrter,;.-.,. t,ir ngj-pirati srsiy, of irhich he is Sirdar. He is thchighcit type i i icieuliiic soidici thai the English army iMsaewcs, uudaaau env- 5i
many of his brother officer* is hit wonderful command of the Arabic and other languages of the East •• ■> r j.
KHished servces earned for him iheVi'ioria
iiuul ' o Kandahar, be accompl.'.ued in twi-nty
ition of the hordes of barburiai <l Omdum
an enabled him to brine to its i ^sent atati
is unequaied. An; ntage hi- poaaesses over
^ ..
ciiAi"n:i{ XXVIII.
tb most popular sencrals
neU for him ibe Vi' loria
accompl.sued in twi nty
barbariai i( Omdurti
ig to its ii.useiit atatt
anuge he p o eaen e i over
LOKI) UOHKinV WKVKKU Vlll
AND OTIIEK OFKKKUS-C.
AFTEU UK A
LTIKH'OII r.cncral Hullcr lunl, in the (i|tini(in of mauy,
icti'U'Vcil Ills thrcf piTvitiim failiiifM uud icdfcnifd hiiiisclf
hy bin fourth and victorious attack to relit'Vf tln' l.adysniith
piiiisoii, there wuh a {{Vcat surprise in store for
him. (ieneral (latacre had been sent back to'
Knj;hui(l bv l.ord Itoberts because he alluwed him-
self to be cau>;ht napping at Wtormbeij;, and in
y* ,>,LW^^ April the Imperial War Office published a des-
-S^/IKw^-^ jmtch from Utrd Itoberts, dated February i:5, in
which the Field Marshal severely criticiswl (ien-
eral Huller for haviug permitted the abandon-
lueut of '..ion Kop. General Warren and others were also dealt with
ill no „(ntle wa' Lord Roberts, in subinittinj? General Ruller's des-
patdi.s descril the Kpion Kop 4tnd other operations from .lunuary
I" to .January I iplained that the plan of operations w as not clearly
described, \flei ,r|. hinjr General BullerV intenth)n8, as coinmuni
<ated to Sir Charles Wm m'u, who comnumded the wbolo force, Lord
Hoberts pointe<l out that General Warren seemed to have concluded,
after considtation with his otticers, that the tlanking movement ordered
by General Huller was iuiprncticable, and, therefoi •, so changed the
plan of advance as to necessitate the capture and retention of Spion
Kop. Lord Roberts then went on to say:
"As Warren cousidered it imiwssible to make the wide tiunkiuj?
movement which was recommended, if not actually prescribed in the
secret instructions, he should forthwith have acquaints! Biiller
with the course he proposed to adojit. Tliere is nothing to show whether
t-„ ^^!,^ ;.j. J.- ...;t n.ui !♦ JK /(!'!v fair to Warreu t"> point out that Biiller
appears throughout to have been aware of wliiS was happening."
TlCIHMri OF GUXKRAL III'LLHU
M'TIRF OF IJLOFMFOXTEIN
VY FIGHTING.
Regarding the withdrawal from Wpion Kop, the retenlion of which
had become essential to the relief of Ladysiiiilh, Lord Roberts said:
"1 regret to be unable to conoir with Huller in thinking Thornycroft
exercised wise discretion in . idering the troops to retii •• I am of the
opinion that Thmiiycroft's assumption of responsibility and authority
was wh(dly inexcusable. Duri^ ■ the night the enemy's fire (ould not
have been formidable, and it wuidd not have taken more than two or
three hours for Thornycroft to communicate by messenger with Major
General < oke or Warren, ("oke appears to have left Spion Kop at !>:.J()
j>. ni. for the purpose of consulting with Warren. Up to that hour the
idea of withdrawal had not l)een entertained. Yet, almost immediately
lifter Coke's departure, Thornycroft issued the order, without reference
to supc i.ir authority, winch upset the whole jdan of operations and ren-
dered iiuivailing tlu sacrifices already made to carry it into effect. On
tlie other Intnd, it is only right to state tluit Thornycroft appears to have
behaved in ,i very gallant nutnner throughout the day.
"It is to be regretted that Warren did not himself visit Spion Kop
in I he afternoon or evening, knowing as he did that the state of affairs
was very critical and that Mie loss of the position would involve the
failure of the operations. He consequently was obliged to summon Coke
to his head<inarters, and the command at Spion Kop thus devolved on
Thon. 'Toft, unknown to Coke, ■ ho was under the im|)ressiou that the
con i 1 devolved upon Colonel Hill as senior officer. Omissions or
n>i ' i. 08 of this nntun> nniy be trifling in themselves, yet they may
exercise an important influen<e over the course of events, and I believe
Bnlier was justified in remarking, 'There was a want of organization and
system wliich acted most unfavorably on the defense.'
"The attempt to relieve Ladysmlth was well devised, and I agree
2S»
270
i.onn Honr.RTs- sEvnRii criticisms.
jM:;
;^H1, MMlIrr In thinki.in it .."Kl.r „, l..,v,. sunr. I. Tl.at it f.iiNMl miiv
111 H....... i.M.HHm.. hav.. iMvn ,lii.' („ il, I1lnilii,.s nf (I,,. p,,„„,| „n.l tli"..
'•"'"""""""« I'-xiHoiiM h.-hl h.v til H.inv. ill olmMv ,ils,. to ...lors
..f jml^Mn..|.t lUHl uiiiit ofa.lii,iiiiMtniliv...npa.it,v ..„ i|„.paH ..f Whit.mi.
Mill. whal.v.Tfanlls Warn.,, ii.a.v hav roininitt.Ml. ll... failuiv i.iiist alK.,
•»' altiilmt...! i„ II,.. ,liMl„,||„ati..n „f tli.. ofllm- in Hnpn-im- r..Miiiian.l I..
asM..rt his anthuiii,, an.l hcc that what \u- th.,n^-ht l.rsi was ,|oii,. an.!
tilm. to flic nnwaiiantal.lcaii.l n.....ll..ss assiiiM|.iinn ..f rcsponsihilin l>v
a ►iuhofdiiiatc olliccf."
. ,''■''" '''"••••'""'"■"'""•■''•■'•''■h..Knitif.viii-f,,il,iiv„fihmMl..s,,at,.|i,.H
m th.. .i.liiiiial.lr behavior of th.. troops thronnhoiit \\w opcialioii."
U.ii.Tal Miillrr's ivport, , omin..ntin« on «J...i..nil Wam-nV imports
of tlif niptnivai vacnalion of Spjon Kop, afi. ,• .lisputiii- tl... ,„mMi-
ncNs of Noiii,. of Warivn's ass.-W s an.l .l.snilmif; tl„. .lant;..r<MiK Hitn-
ation o,rnpi...l In Waiivh's for,,., i how h(. saw th.. fon,. at Spi„n
Kop had ;;iv,.n wa.v iM.fof.. Warn-n know of it. H„||,.r tli..n.fon. t.-h-
p-aph...l to Wanvn: "rnl..ss von pnt a n.allv -no.l har.l fi-hlinL' man
in (omniand on top .von will h.s.- th.- hill. I s.i-r.st Thoinv.ioft "
<J..n..|.aI nnll..|.,.ontinii...l: "I hav.. not iho.iul.i i( n..c..ssafv toof.l..,.
an inv..sti«ation. If at snn.h.wn il... .|,.f,.„s,. „f th.. s, it ha.l |„.,.n
tak..n III l.an.l. intn.n.hni..nts lai.l <.nt an.l tli. a.l an.l w..nn.l...l r.>-
ni.iv...l. th.. wh..l, pla... w.nil.l hav,- l)....n l)|...iini„ ,„„i,,,, ,.,,j;„|,„. „,ilifnrv
.•..minan.ls an.l th.- hills wonl.l hav.. lM...n h.l.l, I am siir.. Unt no
arranrnK'nts w,.,. ma.l... Cok.. app..ais t.. hav I,,.,.,, onl..,.,.,l awav
just as h.. w.inl.l hav.. l,..,.n ns.f.il, an.l n.. ..n.- sik-c,.,..!,.,! him. Thoso
on t..p «•,..•.. i(;n..rant .,f th.. fa.t that the n„„s „•,.„. ..on.inK "P, an.l
iH'mvMy th..r.. was a want ..f ..r};anizati..n an.l svs|..m that a<.f...l ni.ist
nnfav.irabl.v on t I..f,.ns,.. It is a.lmitt...! thai all ..f Tli..|.nv..r..ft's
.•..nimnn.l a.t..! with th.- Kn'at..si frallantry thnMi^hont the ,lav, an.]
m.ll.v sav...l th.. sitnath.n. lint pivpaiations f.ir the s.M'on.l' .lav's
.l.'f.'i.s.. sh..nl.l hav.. b....n orpn.iz..,l .Inrin}; tlio <ln.v an.l .•..mni..n<".Kl
at nightfall. As this was not .l.,ti.., I think Thorn v.r..ft ..xcr.is..,! wis.-
.liBcretion."
^ (}rn..ral Warivn s,.t f.nth il„. fa.t that th.. Spion K..p opcrathms
had not ontpr.>.l int.. his ..ripnal plans, as his instrn..ti.ins w.-n- t..
...cup.v a plain north of it. On .•<.nsnltati..n with the .•nmnian.l..r-inrhi(.f
.lannarj- 21, h.,w..v..r, when the .p.^^stion of n'tirinR fr,,,,, or atta.kini;
Spion K.,p was discuswd, Warren .'xprcssed his preffn-nce for attack-
ing. T ,lH wu« «iu.,.eHHfnll.v a..,onipliMh...l bv (J,.n,.ra: W.wi.lanlo Thon
"""",""';" '• "' "'"• "•""nan.l..r.in...hi..f to pnt Th..rnv.r.,ft in .om-
''' "' •'"'/"""»!<• I" tl. antini.. Warren ha.l s..nt"(>enernl C.ke
up to re.,.nfor.... him, with .,r.l,.rs t,. asHuii... ...miinin.l. InelTe.tual
.•IT..rtH w,.r,. niak.. to h,.|i.,grapli Th.,rn.v..r..fi an.l ask wheth,.r he had
'-uni...l ..oninian.l. T.iwar.I «uns..t he was tlnally ..nabl...l to p.f or.b.rH
H.iough an.l .■on..lml,..l the p.,„iti.,n ..ould be li,.|.l th.. n..xt dav if gu. h
••.Mild b.. pr.)vi.l..,l an.l Nh..|t..r ..btain,..!. ^ ''
Said <l..n(.ral Wari...n:
"H..th thos,. ....mlili..iis w,.r,. alMMit I f„|,i||,,, „,|, i„ ,he
a .H..„.e .If t-..ke, wh.uii I ha.l ..r.l,.n..l to ..., „..l r..p.,rt in p;r „ .
th.. sitnati.,n. the eva.uati.u. t.a.k pla..- ,in.l..r ..r.lers given o , his w
.vsiM.nsibility b.v Tli.,rn.v..r..f.. This o....nrr...l In the fa.t of I "v ' oZ
|.r..teMt« of n.ke'H briga.l ,j.,r and ..th.-rs " vlg.)r..U8
In .•..n.luHlon t>,.n..ral Warr.-n sai.l: "I, in „ ,„„tt,.r f.,r the com-
n«n,l..r..n...hi,.f j., .le..i.le whether th..r.. will b.. an, iinvstigation i „
the .p„.st,.,n ..f the unauth..rixed ..va.natl.m ..f S,.i..n K..p "
«!,.neral Hnll..r isNiied a ginu-ral ..r.l..r t.. his tr..„ps. after La.lvHinitli
was r..lieve,l, ...mnien.ling tli..ir f.ntitu.le an.l gallalitrv. NVarl •2,4
;;";7: ';:"' '";'";■•;'': '":* ""* "^ *"""" '""•'"« "•■""'••« ♦•'•• <«">- ov .i^ht.
S:: HiX:;:.'"'"^""""' "-' """"^ ^'^"« "-'-« "'« -*'- --
After<J..n..ralCronje'H Hurrender I.,rd H.iberts turned his nttenti.m
t.. Hl..,.,n ..nt..in, ..apital .,f the Orange Fr..,. Staf. Tl... Ho,.rs tl...I „
.ontinen l.y fr.,n. ( 'npe Cd...., into tl... K, Htate. aban.l.ining the C.d "-
.nrg., strut, but th.. Diifh p..pi,lati.,n in th.. Prb.ska an.'Kenharlt
. iHtn.. K r..s.. ,n reb..Ili. „„ thr..at..n...l .lang,.r. The.v were not p^
Knghs I ......np.ed Hnrgli,.rH.l.,rp, th,. l{.„.r p.isition on the M,.dder was
tlank...l an.l th.' r,)ad t.) ni.)enif..nt..in ,l..ar...l
folhiw^ ""*'"'*" '"^''"'^ *" ""' ^'■"'' "'"'••' "° ^' ""'vonientH aH
„„. . , "Poplar «r.)v,., .Manli 7, 1000.
Ue had a verj- HnccesHful day an,l hav.. ,„inpl,.telv r,nit,.,l the
.■m-ny, who are in fnll retr,.at. Th,. position whi..h they ;,eenpie,l was
extremely strong and ennningly arrang.-d with a H,.,.on,l Hne of Intre,^^^.!
raent«. which wonl.l have caused uh heavy Ions had a ,iirect attack bm.
t'oodgnto. Thon
n.vcroft In coiii-
nt <lcn('rHl C'dkc
ml. Iiicircctiuil
wln'thjT he had
I'd to net ordcrii
n'Xt day if kuiih
I wIkmi, ill thf
lit in iMTHon on
vcn on liiH own
of tile vifjorouu
or for the com-
•I'Htijtation Into
P"
ftt'i' LadyHiiiith
• Nearly 2,4(M)
n da.VHof fljrht-
hiH entire ram-
(1 IiIn attention
■ HoeiH fled In-
ning the CoIeK-
and Kenhardt
were not Hiip-
nieantinie the
e Modder was
movenientH uh
inh 7, 1900.
'ly routed the
orcupled was
ae of intrench-
•t attack been
270
''A
with Bh
iu sonu'
coniintiu
(if jiidfjii
Hut, whi
bt» attril
iisscrt h
iilso to t
a siibon
Tlic
in tilt' ad
<i('ii
of the I'll
ncsK of s
ation -ici
Ko]) had
Ki'a|)h<'d
ill coinni
(iCIll
an i lives
talicn iu
moved, tl
coniiuaiM
ai'i'anneii
just as h
on top w
fjencrallv
iinfavora
coniniand
reall.v sa
(h'ft'iisc s
at nightfi
discretioi
(Jenc
had not
occupy a )
Januarj- :
Spioii Ko
)l
in '
fj^^y'^
h^h.^''.l5i°?S'o?^TS,-2:i"^r„'^^^ ?.-!«» °f "'^ Brf'«»' troopsand.the slow p.
with thegallant record of Xcrd Roberts c»mbin«l trmake U^,e roo™enrh„.iL^^^ ?'*^'.S' ""* ""^ , troop. and the slow progren that had been made, together
field. «■. !ll,!,tr.tiQn i. nf .1,. .™"!l.^™"i2*" ,„°1*^^ »""• ,'0 P*e ">* commander-inKiliief a hearty and n"yal reception whrn he reicbld the
. llic Mutider River camp. The inen were hilarious in their
' were made of the stuff that would follow a dashing, daring
rriri: WJr-^ rwODcns
greeting of •■l,iltle Bobs," as lord Roberts is fara^iarl/rnown aVon^^'he t^n^At^'d^'o^^^^^ "' "'" """j"' ^T' ""^P' ''''' ""' *«« hilarious in their
and successful commander wherever he led."rtl':''rpS'gr.SSf follorAr^rrri^lirbarU^^^er^^^^^^^
tlM commander g»v« was not empty.
I!.
1 1
THE C. I. V.'S BAPTISM OP FIRE.— In Lord , Robert*' ailvance on Bloemfontein, after General Cronje'a aurreuder at Paardeberg, the capture ot lacobadal bv
General Wavell's brigade waa an incident that not only involved aouie hot fighting with the Boers, but gave the Ciiy Imperial Volunteera an opportunity to receive ♦heir-
baptism of fire. Not only this, but thev had the honor of being the first to enter the town. In reporting the action, lA>rd Roberts sent this inessage to the Mayor of
I^ndon; "The City of London Imperial Volunteers came under fire for the first time yesterday under Colonel Ohnlmnndelev Bt lacobedel. £sd behav^ piast ssllanti^ ••
;Moi only did they behave wel) wtii|c under tire, but after they enteted the town. The iUustration abows them entering Jacobsdal under fire.
IgaliamijT '
LORD ROBERTS' SEVERE CRITICISMS.
273
"The turning movement was necessarily wide, owing to the nature
of the ground, and the cavalry and horse artillery horses arc much done
up. The fighting was practically confined to the cavalry division, which,
as usual, did exceedingly well, and (icneral FreiK'h reports that the
horse artillery hatteries did great execution among the enemy.
"Our casualties were about fifty.
"Generals DeWet anil Delarey commanded the Boer forces."
Lord Itoherts' a<lvance guard of cavalry, with Kelly-Kenny's
division behind it, met the Dutch forces near Dreifontein, aud drove
them back after a severe engagement. There was no stampede, as the
Dutch held their grouml in a strongly iutrenclie<l position and fotight
bravely.
The Urifish infantry finally broke through the ceiit(>r of the Dutch
line of defense among the hills and captured many prisoners. The Hoers
left one hundred dead on the Held, while the British loss was heavy.
Their retreat entirely uncovered Itloemfontein, which was abandoned,
and General French reached it on the evening of March 12. On the way
he had a hard fight, losing si.xfy in killed aud 321 in wounded and
missing.
Lord I{(d)erts' first rejiort was:
"General French r»>ached Hloemfontein last evening and occupied
two hills close to the railway station.
"General French encountered the Boers in force and won a hard
battle.
"The cavalry division is astride the railway si.\ miles south of
Bloemfonfein.
"Polonel Fmheley has died of his wounds. The wounds are as a
rule mo-e serious than usual, owing to the expanding bullets which
are freely used by fli(> Boers.
"A brother of President 8t<>yn has been made a prisorer.
'The telegrajdi line leading northward has been cut and the rail-
way broken up.
"I am now starting with the Third f'avalry Brigade, which I called
up from the Seventh Division near Pelrusliurg yesterday, and the
mounted infantry fo reinforce the cavalry division."
The Boer losses in the fighting preceding the capture of Bloemfon-
fein were much heavier than those of the British.
Lord Roberts' second dispatch on Bloemfoiwein was as follows:
"Bloemfonfein, March l."}, 1900.
"By the help of God and by the braveiy of ller Majesty's soldiers,
the troops under my command have taken posse*i»ion of Bloemfonfein.
The British flag now flies over the presidency, evacualed last evening
by Mr. 8teyn, lafe President of the Orange Free State.
"Mr. Fraser, member of the late Executive fiovernmenf ; the Mayor,
the Secretary to the late Govcrnuient, the Landrost and other officials
met ine two miles from the town and presented me w if h the keys of the
public offices.
"The enemy have withdrawn from the neighborhood and all seems
quiet. The inhabitants of Bloemfonfein gave tlie troops a cordial wel-
come. BOBERTS."
On the day Lord Roberts entered Bloemfonfein the Orange Free
State ceased to exist.
President Steyn led the retreat of his forces fo Winburg, HiO miles
north of Bloeiufonteiii, and established his capital there.
Just after the capture of the Orange Free State capital a pretty
exchange of compliments took i)la<e between General Lord Methuen
and ("oinmandant (leneral -Toubert. lAml Methuen, speaking at the
town hall in Kimberley, said:
"Although some of the enemy's men were guilty of dastardly tricks,
we must remember that their army is not organized with the same
discipline as our own. I never wish to mcH't a braver general than
Cronje, and never served in a war where there was less vindictive feel-
ing l)etween the two armies than in this one."
Upon hearing of this General Joubert said:
"The courage of the British soldiers is beyond question. They
rushed the kopjes and intrenchments in a fei"'less manner, but were
not a match for the Mausers, which simoly mowed them down,"
This was almost the last public utterance of General Joubert, as
he died shortly afterwards at Pretoria.
a ■
- a g a i
P'Sm 5 «i 5
1 ^ aio2 4j
%- ■■■•;*P^
- ^-A '^^-^ -an-
.**■
^■t
JSsltlE,
«'•".' 't*!'
Slat fieMSytel"cLKe*„"e,l™ a^lle^v^wtSTif,";'' 1" T, 'V,V""' "^ '"^y we- K^'^I-g "P intoposition. The
to unlliiilier in tlie onen thev S,r«in.'Bs.. i.,~J. tl ". U;.. _'° """* tne Boers artillery was located, when the shells commenced to burst amoni? them, n^ino forr.^
the iinifKi, where It "burst and shaUerertU In Htoms" "tIio liklM'^'iMi'n„r,l^°.i?r5^?rLr?''^"'*li'^^',,"''""lK'='" w"'^. K"^"' accuracy one snell striking directlp under
they were able to ga iuto ..tion, wer« aubUed to n f e oe f^^from t'h^ B*o^^ b^t„S^ '' T^ T. ""* ,•""' ""^^ ^PT^ 5^"^ ^.^? 'i'«. "^vantage of the British, who, before
thefr temi„r.ry aCaud, . .. r ■;' . vround^ing so rou^irand brXn il?, t ,^l?rt„ J'^f^^h*? "^'"^ <UsabIed or killed while bringing up the guns, often necessitated
British horse-artillcrt „• .< a ,i. ,i,i, r.v much amueineBf to the B^r. w n l„ f hS f^„ ^l ".°*''''U'° J":""*"* without the aid of horses, fhe spfendid maneuvers of the
rough and mounutllld i . in|»(f f ■muemest to the Boir> who, in the transportation of their guns, generaUy used own, which were peculiarly adapted to the
i '.
it
•JM'J3
s
3
B § s o-c5 . g aas-
* » «< flH be>H - S -* 8
fiaaa-si.g.-fiK's*
sii||iKy
§■5
«<Z|1 * is? a SB.
i5'2-3S,^5.a
11-2*30^,; = '
s5n.. S'3'a*'
g u" nfl u^ i.
■a
•3S
"^ a"?* Ji a 2 0.^ -
g-olsallagr-
ajd^ 9 O "^ rt 2 8 **
S bo
So"^ S-j-S-a^-
S-gJ
_'-'_rt (
:si
ri«i
5:S-2 8.
_D56i-S = _ i,.«)-S-s'fi
Mo-s ii «>* 55 = 5 i; i,
ClTAPTEn XXIX.
"ON T() PHETOKIA!" — LOHD ROBERTS' CUITICI8M OF GEN-
EKAI.S METIIUEN' AND GATACKE — DEATH OF
(JEXEHAL JOUBERT — DISAHTBK AT
BUHIIMAN'H KOP.
IIE crj' of tlio British bciug "On to Prptoiia," Lord
IJobcrfH set his iiiiiiu>nM(> forpe iu motion to flear
the Oran^'e Free State of Boers, and it was not
long before lie liad tlieni on tlie run, aItlioiit;h
the En|;lisli oonunander suffered severely at
various times. On March 15, General Pole-Carew
occuitied Bethany, General Gatacre crossed the
^t^/'^feJBM) Oran<;e River and occupied Bethulie, Generals
S '^n^N^ Clements and Brabant advanced simultaneously,
r^3d^t^ reniainin>i in touch with Gatacre, while Lord
I{<)berts remained at Bloemfontein, but was not idle himself. The Frw
State Government having surrendered its ea]i!tal, a military government
was substituted for it.
lie kept various municipal and State oftices in operation under the
general supervision of the military government, and by proclamation
and practice encouraged the jieople of the Free State to follow the
rxam]*le of their own autho.'ities and withdraw from a. hopeless
struggle.
Ex-President Steyn, njion his arrival in Kroonstad, issued counter
prodajuations and strove to rally his troojis in defense of the Republic,
but the old order of Government hatl lost its jitditical center with the
surrender of its capital, and a new order of administration created under
the British flag, which greatly discouraged his followers.
Lord Rdberts' main ".-crij during the next fortnight wn/ onr- of parifi-
ration and restoration of order. His paymasters bought sujiplies for rm
army of 50,000 men, and his disciplinarians enforced r>sjM'ct fm- pi-ivale
property.
377
With gold to pay out and with soldiers under rigorous discipline.
Lord l{oberts proved a succe.^sful politician in Bloemfontein.
His first work was the opening of the railway southward to the
Orange River and the abandonment of the convoy system of supplies
from Kimberley. The entire district south of Bloemfontein was cleared
in the course of a few days and railway tratHc restored.
The occupation of Bloemfontein was a peace measure of great
efficacy. Tlie capital welcomed Lord Koberts' soldiers and rejoiced that
so far as the Free State is concerned the war was virtually at an end.
The influence of the cajiital was felt north and south. The forces
blocking the advance of Gatacre, Brabant and dements continued
breaking up, while the commandoes in the north thinned out nightly
from desertion.
A relief column was organized at Kimberley to assist Mafeking,
being recruited from voluntccs and local forces, aiul stiffened with
regulars. General Kitciiener was clearly at work ther(>, and t..e seizure
of Boshof was connected with the nu)vement.
.\s there was a Boer force at Fourteen Streams, the column, it was
predicted, would have severe lighting before it <rossed the Vaal and
<'leared the western border.
The casualties in the battle of Dreifontein ran up the losses of Lord
Roberts' army in the final stage of its advance upon Bloemfontein to
379. In contrast with these slight losses, with victory crowning the
British arms, was the lieavy cost of Melliuen's and Gaiacre's defeats
at Magersfonteiv* and Stormberg, of which official reports were gazetted
March 10.
General Methuen's report revived criticism of his tactics, since he
278
"ON TO PRP.TORlAr-DE.rrn OP CENPRAL JOVBERT.
It'.
IV'
adherttl tenaiiously to bin opinion tliat a |H)rtioii of tlio Black Watch
broke at a critical nionicnt, and that then- was an unfortunate retire-
ment of the (iordons when the enemy wuh quittini; the trenches.
(Satacre's report was accompanied by (Jenerai Roberts' criticisms
that he ou<,'ht to have halted or fallen hack when he discovered that the
guides had misled him, and not riskwl the safety of his entire force.
Lord IJoberts, in traiismittinj; (Jeneral (latacre's report of the
Stormbery defeat, gave his opinions thus:
"Tile failure was nuunly due to reliance on inaccurate information
regardiug the ground to be traversed to the position held by the Boers,
to the employment of too small n force, and to the men being iired out
by a long night march before they came in contact with the enemy.
When it became evident shortly after midniglit that the guides were
leading the column in tlie wrong direction I considered Oatacre should
have halted and endeavored to find a proper road, or should have fallen
back on Molteuo, rather than have.riske«l the safety of the entire force
by following a route which brought the troops into ditlicult ground
commanded on both sides by Boers."
tSeneral Methuen's report of the actions at Magersfontein, Decem-
ber 10 and 11, as dated from the Modder Hiver, February 15, after ex-
plaining the difficulties of any attempt to outflank 10,000 Boers and
arguing that a blow dealt at the Boer center at Magersfontein would be
more effect ive, lie said his orders were to relieve Kimberley, and there-
fore the day the last re-enforcements arrived he dwided -to attack
Magersfontein Kopje.
The general then described the artillery bombardment of the posi-
tion and Iiow the Highland brigade was led to the point of assault after
Major-(Jeneral Andrew (1. Wauchope had previously explained all he
-intended to do and the particular part each battalion was expected to
play. Lord Methiien then said:
"Two rifles accidentally went off and the flashes from a lantern
gave the enemy timely notice of the march."
The report then proceeded to show fieneral Wauchope deployed his
men too late, and suddenly the Boers poured in a heavy fire. Colonel
Ilugues-Ilallet immediately ordered the Seaforths to charge, and the
other commanders followed suit. At this moment some one gave the
word to retire and jiart of the Black Watch rushed back through the
ranks of the Seaforths. Cohmel Ilughes-Hnllet ordered the latter to
lie down and not retire. After awhile the colonel again tried to reach
the trenches, 400 yards off, but the ofllcers and half the men fell before
the heavy Are which opened after the men moved. Ten minutes later
the Seaforths tried another rush with the same result, ('olonel Hughes-
llnllet then decided to await orders.
After describing sending the (iordons and guards to support the
Highland brigade I.ord Methuen continued:
"At 1 o'clock in the afternoon the Seaforths were exposed to a
heavy cross-fire, the order to retire was given and the greater part of the
casualties then occurred. This was an unfortunate retirement for
Hallet. He received instructions to remain in his position until dusk,
and the enemy were then (piitting the trencli..s in tens and twen-
ties.
"Wau<hope told me in the evening of December 10 that he quite
iinderstooii his orders, and he maile no further remark. He died at the
head of his brigade, where his name will always remain honored and
resiK'cted. His high military reputation and attainments disarm all
criticism. Every soldier in my division deplores his loss. He was a flue
soldier and a true conira<le.
"The attack failed. Tlie Highlanders were ready enough to rally,
hut the paucity of officers and noncommissioned officers made it difficult.
I attach no blame to this splendid brigade."
The report jiaid a high tribute to the conduct of all the troops
"under conditions as hard as can he imagined."
Lord Roberts' report of operations up to March 18 was as f(dlows:
"Bloemfontein, Sunday, March 18, 1900.
"The Ouards' Brigade returned yesterday from Xorval's Pont.
Several btirgliers have laid down their arms to General Pole-C'arew at
Edenburg and elsewhere.
"The officer commanding at Belmont reports that some deserters
have c<mie in with a Maxim— a nine-pounder — and another gun.
Another nine-pounder has been brought into Colesburg.
"The cavalry brigade has gone to Tliabancliu in order to reassure
the inhabitants of tliat district nnd i'-. =',-;^tnbr.te <opif-H <;f the pnuhim-
ation to the people of the Free State. These proclamations are being
eagerly sought after.
"Lord Methuen reached Warrenton on March 10. He was in time
IH I
.
'
to reach
^^^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^Hk \
^^^^g*'' .,w jj^. . .: • .■
ell before
^^m^^^^^^^^^^^^B^K^ '
,diJflH^ ' MM .jiflMHNHjuiflJi
itCS ItltlT
^^^^^^^^v^^L^^^^^lHl^l^^li^^^^^^Hi^^^^^^l
lIiigheH-
)j)<irt the
^^l^^^^^^^^^^^l
h»m1 to a
^^^^^^^^^■^^Hftui^^^^^^fl
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
ut of tilt*
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^HH^^^^H
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1
nciit for
^^^^fj^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1
itil (limk,
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^l^^^^^^^^^^l
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
11(1 t wen-
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H^^^^H
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1
lie qdite
e<J nt the
^^^^^^^^^H^^^l
^^H^^^l^^^l
ored and
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^1
Hj^B^^^^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I
Harm all
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
^^^^^^^^^l^^^^^^^^^^^^^l^^^^^^^l
OH a fine
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^H
^^^^■HH^^^^^^^^H
to rally,
.lifflcult.
^^^^^^^^^^H
^^^H^^l^l
e troops
^^^H^^^^^^^H^I
^HHHHH^^^^H
follows:
^^^H^^^^^^^^^H^I^^^^^^H
H^^P^^^HB^^^HJI^^IB
, 1900.
M^^^^^^^^^^^^IHH
's Pont.
^kH^^B^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^I^^^^^^I
^^^H^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^wMJ^Hj^^
'flrew at
BhH^^^^^^HHH
HH^^^^HMH^H
leserters
UT }jun.
^SB^HH||mHH|
mm^^immB
reassure
)n>f!:i Hi-
re being
THE REWARD OF TREACHERY,— The reports that have come from the forces in the South African war indicate that both sides are animated by a spirit cf
Atlimoaitv not cntnmnn in wArfHm. Thp CAiispa tlmt nrnmnti^ thp war nn Iwith airlAa oMkni fn liayp PfiQi*' IfotriA tC *^'^ in'^*"i'^Ua^ a^MtAr <»i»h " for'^ *hat *n°^" him
relentless when he faces his opponent in battle. This spirif of resantment in many instances seems to have passed the boundary of ordinary warfare, and led to acta that
cannot be harmonized with civilized methods of conducting a war. The illnstration is of a case in point. Major Woods of the Red Cross and hospital service was
attending a wuunded officer when be was fired upon by a mounted Boer. The officer's corporal seized a rifle and shot the Boer as a reward for his treachery.
in time
■
■ „ ^^_-_. , , .-jL
s^lT!
?sr
R U t 4j
2 " B S S
= « ll-f "
■c - ij-o g
H « " S ■
■K"^ 5 B «
"-^ 3 8.°
"o.v 77) pREioKiAr—nn.riii or ci.m-.km. kh nr.HT.
281
. K^ 4/ ed a
-J 2 " S'S
< 3 a-g<
>.aeg*
to pr<'\ lit till- (Icviatioii liriiiuf fi'om lu'liin ciniiiilflcly (IcwtriOftl iiiul lo
secure llu' imllt till llu' N'lial.
••Tilt- Kii(;lisli iniiil was ilispiu lied fniin licic l),v mil yoMtcrday, anil
to-nioriow tlif ri'j^iilar railwii* service witli Cape T^vn will be re-
(i]iene<l.
"Mafekiufj re|mrts that all was well on March (i.
"(leneral l'i>le«'arew's force lias retiirneil from Spri .iiiein, where
II junction was etTedcd with (ieueral (latatie.
"(Jeneral Tolefarew also jiroceedeil to Norval's Tout, from which
point he lielio^naphed to (leneral Clements that l.SIKl Free Slaters had
submitted at Kdeiiliiii),'."
A I'ni.iiia dispatch of Friday, March 1(>, said: "The chief of the
intellifience department, McdeiiKraaf, aiiii.iimceH that the federal losses
prior to the relief of Kimlieiiey and Li'd.N smith were: Killed, ti77;
wounded, L',l-'!». Accidents, shkness and other disablin}{ causes, he
asKerts, liiin;i the total to 4,:?."1."
Lord l!ol;<'rts, in a hiilleliii to the London War (tlHce dated March
1»(». announced that Lord Kitchener had occupied Prieska without resist-
ance after the rebels had surrendered and the Hoer leaders had escaped.
Two hundred stands of anus were captured and thirty-three prisoners,
and the rehclli.Mi in tlie "jioor wliile" district was apparently suppressed.
Lord Holf 'is also reported that the ISoers were be}iinnin}j to sur-
render on the Uasuto bonier, I that K.x-I'resident Steyn was cireu-
latiujt tt uolice that burKhers sit;iiin;z the declaration made in accord-
uuee with the nrili-<h proclamation would be shot as traitors.
In the meantime the Mafekiiif: relief force, under Cidonel I'lunier,
was compelled to retire to Crocodile Pools, the British nmiinissioner
at Cape 'i'own havinj; received the followin.i; advices:
"Huluwayo, March Ifi, 1900.
"The followin}; in from Pliimer: 'Lobatsi, March 14.— The Boers
advanced fi om the south in considerable force this morning. They first
advance.1 from C.oode's Sidiu};. After a sharp little ennafiement Lieu-
tenant Colonel Bodle's advanced iM)8t was eompellert to retreat. Tire
retirement was excellently carried out to our main position. The casu-
alties included Lieutenant Cha])man and a corporal prisoners and two
misBlup, prot)ably prisoners. Five troopers were wounded. Chapman's
horse fell with him (lose to the enemy, who lininedliitely Hurrouniied
him.
" 'The exact Boer casualties are unknown, but several were shot at
short ranee. In the afternoon the Boers advanced further north and
shelled our jiosition from a ridlie on our left. Our 12.1-pounder replied,
the artillery duel cimtinuinn until sunset. NICIIOLHON.'"
Nicholson was the (leneral comniandiii}; the British South African
police in Itliodesia. i
The Boers si.tTered a seveic l,,ss in the death of Coiumandaiit-(len-
cinl Pletrns .lacohiis Joiibeit, who expired at Pretoria, March 27, lIHItl,
of ](eritonitis, just as he was about to set out for his army. "Slip Piet"
the Boers called him, nieaniiif; "clever Piet." lie it was who said before
the first defe ' of Biillei at the Tujfela: "Forty bullets per Boer wddier
and one Briton per bullet."
lie was frankness and honesty combineil— indeiK'ndent! Of all the
Boer leaders, the one who would never accept an otlice from the Entjlish
(iovernineiit after Shepstom''s tiiiie. Kru^;er accepted an office, drew
Kn^lish pay. doubert never, lie was ori(!;inally bred on a farm. Mis
birtlijilace was in Cape Coleiiy, ami he was sixty-ei)j;lit years old when
he died. First he was Stale's Attorney of the Transvaal, then Vice-
I'resident. Twice he was defeated for the Presidemy by Kruger. He
was a liberal Boer as compared with the old regime led by Oom Paul.
At Majuba Hill he led the Boers in the charj;e that overcame the
ICufjlish
In l.S)<4 the Boers were anxi(Mis to raid some Kiijjlish territory. The
action would |iossibly have invcdved in the end scune dependence upon
Kn-iland. Jouberl stojiped the movement, lie said: "I positively refuse
to hold olllce under a ^jovernmeiit that deliberately breaks its covenants,
and we have made covemuils with Knj;land."
He organized the army of the Transvaal. The country was divided
into seveut(;en military departments, and each department into smaller
divisions. Cominandi>rs, field cornets and lieutenants were selected.
Every man in the Transvaal became a trained soldier without leaving
his farm. Every man had a ((nnjilete military eriuipment at home.
To mobilize (he eiiiiit- fon-c u" the repnbliv -Toiibert had but to send
seventeen telegrams. It reipiired but forty-eight hours to place the
entire nation under arms, fully equipped and provisions for a month.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
//
/./
A<Sf
> ^ /a- >V'
4Kp
1.0
I.I
Uilil 12^
1.25 iu
■ 2^
MnBB
12.0
1.8
1.6
150mm
V
^^
^>
d?
/
/APPLIED J IIVMGE . Inc
.^gg 1653 East Main street
.^^ li Rochester, NY 14609 USA
J^g "^ Phone: 716/482-0300
.^S'.^SS Fax: 716/286-5989
e 1993, Applied Image. Irw, All Rights Resarved
=J\
i
M
\^
A.
282
"OX TO PRETORIA:"— DEATH OF GENERAL JOL'BERT.
TliiH Htdiy wiiH told (if .liMibcrt timl Krugt-r iu I'iiimm: The pMit'ial
WUM iiskol litiw lie li'iiiiUMl I he Hiit'i-H to such N|ilcii(li)l iiiiirkNiiiaiiHhi|).
"We art' licft'iiilarv inarksiiirii," lu' said. "We hail to kcikI our
t'liililrcii Id sclionl, and the couiitrv was full of wild (leasts and Kattli'S.
So every liov had to earrv ii rille and know how to defend himself and
his sisters, lie was ex|ie('le<l to prove his skill li,v lii'intiin^; lionie Iiukh
of name. Thai's how we teacli our hoys. Isn't that so, Krajjer'/"
The liurly President, thus appealed to, pulTed his pipe eontentvdiy
for a few moments and then said: "Yes, we make our boys understand
that the meek inherit the earth."
•louliert and Krup-r were not warm jiei-sonal friends when the
former died. Xot that there was e4imity,<ir even coldness, between thi'm,
but they drifted apart. This was unavoidable between two such men,
when .louliert };rew bi^ enough to become a serious rival to the ;;real
Hoer President.
Asketl once what he cared for most .lonberl replied: ".My wife llrst,
my honu- ne.\t, and then the Transvaal." This time he also saiti: "I do
not hate the Kn^lish. I hate no luan. Hut let any man come and try
to train)ile on my neck and I will fi^ht till I am free or dead, even if I
have only twenty men."
•louliert never led his forces to the attack without their first sinciii};
"Old Hundred." I>ivine services weie held in his camps every Sunday
niorniu};. He was a lirm believer in <iod, and a persistent student <if
tlu' Mihle. He would say:
"We may be killed, but tiod will not permit us to be coni|uered."
It was he who desi<.'ned the main ph-n for the defenses of Pretoria
and ■Toliannesberfr. .\t Pretoria the cannon pointed out. .\t .foliannes-
bef); they pointed in. Pretoria was the IJoer center, Johannesber}; tin-
I'itlandcr center, .louliert iindersi 1.
In the market jihice at Pretoria there was a warm disi'ussion one
day on the merits of Kn^lish soldiers as marksmen. The burghers said
this and said that. Kru^er pulled at his pipe. Jonbert listened. Finally
be said slowly:
"They do not have to win by shooting;. They have numbers."
He was belov)>d throughout the Transvaal even thoup;h his ]iolitical
vlfws varied from those of many.
When he set his I rap for Hr. .Tameson and iiis raiders (Vonje carried
out Lis orders and did the Ughting. It wuh Joubcrt who said:
"l.iet them come on until they think we have Hed, Then Are."
His instructiouM were obeyed. His military tactics ehwely re-
sembled tlniBo of Stonewall Jaikson— to mystify the enemy ut all times,
and avoiil so fur as possible an open enpi^emeiit with a prepared fuv.
In the war lie planned the sie};e of Kiniberley and that of Lady-
smith. It is now known that he inteiuled to capture both pla<'es before
the new year came, and then to move tin t'ape Town. It is believed
KruKer materially interfered with his plans, and that also Steyn and
the Free State men were not helpful allies. At one time it was reported
that ln' had }{'»'>«' insane. A^ain, he was injured sever«'ly by being
thrown from his horse. He was personally without fear. He s|H'nt a
>;reat deal of time in the trenches, encourajjinjj; the men, and was always
receivtil with joy, not cheers. The plile};matic bnr^fhers do not under-
stand the cheer. One of his early instructions to his fon'es was:
"Make of yourselves sharpshooters and watch for the offlcers.
Always let them come on until you are reaily and tln-y unprepared."
Oeneral Louis Itotha was named by .lonbert before his death as
his KHcc«'ssor. Hotha had seen a {{feat deal of service, although the
youngest general in the republican armies, having commanded the Hoer
forces at Colenso and Spion Kop. Hotha was appointe<l in accordance
w itii Jonbert's request, and proved worthy of the hitter's opinion of him.
The Hoers were lo<i stoical to have many popular heroes, but the
name Hotha was on every tongue in the two republics when Jonbert
dud.
Hotha was a farmer, and modestly claimed to know more about
sheep raising than lighting. He was only thirlysi.\ years of age when
appointetl as Joubert's successor, ami had spent almost every year <if
that time in r:iising sheep and cattle on the large ranges of land in the
\iyheid district of the 'hansvaal.
Like all Hiwrs, he was a democrat of democrats, and when com-
manding at ColeiLso and Spion Kop he was clothed in a suit of chithing
that might have been dear at fill when he bought it. He wore no
collar or scarf, an old, stained, broad-brimmed hat surmonnted his head,
and the (dbows of his coat were worn through. Ap]iarently he left his
Hocks of sheep, and, without changing his clothing, went to the battle-
field to assume command <if his burghers.
He invariably spoke of Hie iiravery of iiie Hriiisii soldiers and the
injustice uf the wur, which made such slaughter necessary.
NURSBS' QUARTERS AT RONDEBOSCH — The intenae interest that the Br; ish people as u whole have taken in tlie South African war has mt only insureil a
plenty of men and auppliea to carry on the war, but has inspired heroic efforts toward doing tvLrything [rossible (or taking care of the sick and wounded. Almost as great
a campaign has been conducted to procure supplies and care for the disabled soldiers as has l)cen waged to send men and munitions to the front. The.e has been an
nnnsaai supply ot hospital and hospital ships and duiks cnoagh for every reasonable "aiei(jviic> . The itIUBlialiuU Iiere giveu sliowo the quarters of the nurses at the
general hotpital at Rondeboacb. Siiter Brown and Co:. Wood are seated. Major Keogb, the secretary, stands. The Canadian sisters are known by the red brushes in
their hattt
' -1
m
iia-^T-i 'rfm-jiaf'
•ox TO PRETORlAr-DEATH OF CEXERAL JOLBERT.
285
lis
nil
If
OS'S
III
° 2 Si
-ax
S,4|
^13
til
Zi!>.
11 ^
()n>' of tiK' iiu'ii who Willi np Ww hill a( Hpioii Kop miiUI nt-m-ial
Kolhii wiiH olio of llii- liiNf to ifiirh Ihc HIM it, niid Ihiil hi- hiiiisHf look
two lillfH from the liaiiilN of Itiiliwh Hohlicrs, one of wlioiii he kmuki'd
lo the jjroiiii.l wilh Ihc hull iikI of his irvolvii-. lit' wan l»iav«'i-.v ilsi-lf.
Uiiriii}; Ihiw pi-iio.l of nppaiciit iiuulivilv oiil.v Hklniii»hiu(,' wan in-
(liil{;i-(l III.
A (linpuKh from tin- IJoi-i- 1 iimi» a( Ukaicm', dutfil Friday, Match 2;t,
lltUO, Haid:
"Xo allack Iw I'xpcctcd lo lie made on tlii' HotT forces In Xalai.
(icncials itolhii and Meyer have lieeii joined Ity their wIvch. I'reloriiiK,
with a paliol, not helweeii an advance ^naitl of lancern and its main
body March 22. t)iie lancer, wlio refuKcd to surrender, wuh hIioI.
"tJemral llotha deiilcH the reporix that Transvaal women were
wound«-d in llie Tiigela Ireiiches. tieneial Itnller has sent the Hoers a
list of Iheir wounded, wtaliiifj tiiat he Imried sixty men. (ieiieral Hollia
says this is impossilde, as IiIh rolls do not show any such loss."
A Ladysiiiilh spe.ial also saiil: "A printed docnmeut has been
found nivlnjj the Hoer losses at Siiion Kop at over 2,0l)t»."
l^ird Itoberlti benan iiioviii;i ti ps northward from rhreinfonteln
ou March 2S, and about the same time tieneial Oatacr.'- i.irces bejjan
to arrive at lliat place, tieneial fount de Villebois, the French
strategist who had allied himself with the fortunes of the Hoei-s, was
at this time appointed commander of the buifsher forces in the Free
State, lie was the scion of an old Mr 'Ion family, served as a lieutenant
during the Fiiincol'riissian war, and achievi-d an enviable reputation
as an orpinizer of the tiisl class, lie was an indefatipible student of
the literature of his jirofesshin, and was said to be an expert in the use
of larfje bodh's of mounted ritlenien e irkintf in a broken country, lie
was called the brains of the ISoer forces. Vhroutsli Dr. Leyds. the Hoer
re,.ieseiitative in Kuiope, I>e Villebois was provided with an agreement
under which on arrival at rretoria he was. yia/.etled to the rank of
lieiitenantjseiieral. The count's success in assistiiifr in the defeat of
( 'leiieial Unller at < "<deii;<o and at Spion Kop fiave him a Rivat reputation.
(Jene'al t'lemeiits' c(dumn enleied Fauresmith March 27, liavin^j;
previously occupied J.ineisfontein. Majiistrates were appointed, the
pio.lHn.ntion read, bands of jii»:<ic iiict the Moop^. ""'' ""K* were ihnvn.
Amonc the sjiectators at Fauresmith was ex-rresideiit Steyn's daughter.
It was also reported that the Hoers at that date had 4(1,000 men
still under arms, of whom 10,01(0 were in and uronud the XatuI border,
20,000 bein^ massed at Krooiistad.
The Urilish regular and c(donial forces then lu the Held nuiubercd
I7r>,000, but this [ileal army was an absolute necessity, us captured
places had to be ^-aiiisoned, and the Urilish, beint; invariably the attuek-
\\iH imrty, were compelled lo use lar{,'e bodies of iiieii, as the HoefB were
always on the defensive.
The latter part of .March and the early days of April were dlMtin-
finished by rather heavy tl}{hlin};. tin March 20 the Seventh Division
and (ienertil French with two cavalry brifjades attacked and dislodgeil
the Hoers from several kopjes at Karec Sidin;?, a station on the railway
einlit miles iiort h of < Ih-n. The Hiit isli loss was over 180 killed, wounded,
and inissiu};; the Hoer loss somewhat smaller. The victory had little
result, as Lord Hoberts had intended to envelop and capture the burgher
force, yet throufjii some bunfjiint; in the execution of his orders, such
as occurred at I'oplar tliove, no Hoi-r (fiins were captured and no
prisoners taken. The secondary object, which was to prevent the
enemy's outposts from raitliiijj liie conutry to the inunediute north of
nioeiiifontein, was secured.
Ill his report Lord l><d)erls said:
London, March aO, 1900.
The War onice has issued the fidlowing dispatch from Lord Uoberts:
"Illoemfontein, March 30, 1000.
"Owin;i to the activity of the enemy on our immediate front and
their hostile action toward the biir-jheis who surrendered nnder the
terms of my proclamation, I found it necessary to drive them from some
koi>jes they had occupied near the Kar.-e Kidiiifj station, a few mllea
south of nramlfort.
"The operation was succt<sKfiilly carried oi;t by the Seventh
(Tucker's) Division, assisted by the First and Third Cnvalry Brigades
under French and Le tiallais' Hegiment of Mounted Infantry. The
enemy retreated to Hraiidfort and our troops now ludd the kopjes.
"Oiir loss is eight officers, and ICO men killed and wounded.
"ROBERTS."
A disaster befell the British on April 1, at Bushman Kop, when
seven guns were caiitured by the Boers a short distance east of Bloem-
use
•■ox TO rRr.TOKur-nii.nu or (.lixiiN.ii. .ioihurt.
fontfin, jiiKl ;!.*((» Kii;{lisli sultlicis kilU'tl, woiinilcd anil taken inisoncrs.
The Iti'itisli (Iflibcrait'lv walkcl into a trap, as tlicv liail iniirt- than niicc
l)('f(irt'.
I.iirtl Itobcrts told (lie wli<i|i> xtoi-.v in his i-ciMiit to lhi> Wat- Otticc:
"Hl(i< niftintfin, Apiil I, 1!)(M).
"I I'fccivcd ni'Ws late vcslcrdav cvcninn- ffoni ("nh(n«'l ISi'oadw I,
wliowasat Tiialia X'fhii,iliirtvcif;ht niih'scast i>f jit'ic.tlial infmination
liad I'caclici' liiin tliat tlic t'liciiiy was a|i|)i'iiai'liin^ in two fori'i's, from tlic
north and (>aMl. He stated tliat if tlie repoi-t pi-oved true lie would retire
toward the waterworks, seventeen miles nearer Itjomrontein, where we
have had a detaeliiueiit of mounted infantrv for the jiroie-Mon of the
works.
"Hroadwood was told in replv that the Ninth Divisiuu. with Martvr's
.Mounted Infantry, would uuirtli at <layli<;ht to-day tt. support hiiu, and
that if he eonsider<'d it lUMcssary he should retire from the waterworks,
lie moved there duriii-; the nip;lit and bivoimiked.
"At dawn to-day he was shelled by t hi' enemy, whoattaeked on three
sides, lie immediately dispatehed two horse-artillery liatteries and his
biijipitje toward Hloenfontein, roveiinfi some of them with his lavalry.
"Some two nnles from the waterworks the road irosses a deep
nullah, or spruit, in wliirli during; the id^lit a forie of Itoers had ion-
lealeil themselves. So well Were (hey hidden that our leailii! ; seouts
passed over the drift without disioverinfj; tliem, and it was not until
the wagons and >;uns were enteriuf; the drift that the Moers showed
themselves ami opened fire.
">lany of the drivers of the ariillei'y horses were immediately shot
down at short ran>;e, and several of the };uns were raptured. The
renuiimler pilloped away, nivered by Huberts' Horse, wliiih suffered
heavily.
"Meanwhile Lieutenant ("hesteriuasters of IJemiiifjton's Siiiuts
found a pas.sage arross the spruit unorrupied by the enemy, by whieh
the remainder of nroadwiiod's foree erossed. They reformed with fffeat
Hteadiness, nntwithstamliuj.' all that liad previously oiiurred.
"Kroadwood's report, whiih has just reaihed me and whiili ion-
tains no details, stated that he had lost seven jiuns and all his ba^d'tne.
lie estimates alt his rasualtles at about .T>fl, imludiuK 2t10 inissinf;.
"On lii'iirin;; this morninjr that Hroadwood \\n^ iu'.rd pressed I iin-
mediately ordered (iem-ral Freiieh with two reinainiii}; eavalry l>ri(;ai1*>H
to follow in supiMirt of the Ninth IHvishui. The hitter, after a nuignitl-
reiit inarili, arrived on the sieneof aition shortly after 2 p. in.
"Uroadwood's forie eoiisisted of the Koyal lloiisehidil t'avalry, the
Tenth Hussars, <i and V batteries of the isoyal Horse Artillery, and
I'iliher's Itattalion of Mounted Infantry, l,J(lt» strou};.
"The strength of the enemy is estimated at from .S(I(M» to 1(»,(H»(I,
with t,'nns, (he niiiuber of whieh is not yet reported."
A seionil dispateh was dated at Hloemfontein, Sunday, April 1, «:1,">
p. III. After referriiifj to his previous telenrain Lord Roberts pive a
partial list of the luissinft Hritish otlliers. Of "t^" battery four oltieers
were wounded, two of whom were niissing. One gunner was killed and
forty non-iiinimissioned offliers and iiu-ii were woundeil or iniijsin(j.
Lord Huberts then lontiniied:
"In T' battery :;!l are luissintj exiept Major Taylor and n wrueant
major. The two eavalry re};iments did not suffer so niueh.
"A report has just lonie in that the enemy has retired toward Lady-
brand, leavin<; twelve wounded ottiiers ami some seventy men at the
waterworks. We are now sending an anibulaiiie for them."
roloiH'l Hroadwood, the leader of the ill-fated eoluinn, belonp-d to
the Twelfth Laurels, and was ap|Huiiteil to lonimaml Warren's Light
Horse at the bi'ninning of .lanuary, liMHt.
He was 'M years old and was i f Lord Kiiihener'n inimt tnisteil
lieutenants In ll xpedition to Khartoum.
On the other hand, the Hoers suffered an irreparable loss in the
death of tleneral Mareuil. He was of far too hijih a type to be under-
stoiMl by the Hoers, who showed open eiiiiteiii|it fur his adviie and
disobedieliee to his orders.
He it was who warned Oeneral t'ronje that he was being tlanked
by Lord Koberts. Cronje replied angrily: "The Hritish will never leave
the raiUvay." The Fieiiih ottiier persisted, saying it was obvious that
the Hritish meant to out Hank the Hoers. Then <"ronje shouted: "Hoy
keep still. I was a soldier before you were born."
Heiiig reinforieii. the Hoers irritated Lord Koberts and Oeneral
Oataiie by swift raids. Five lompanies from the hitter's foree were
eonipelled to surrender near Heddersburg, being surprised while nuirch-
ing airiKss the lountry via Dewetsilorp, and although they made a
pliiiky stand, it was of no avail, as the Hoers had three Held guns uml
pfficera of Tl'orneycroft's I|on« have SMiIered Uieir share,
I i
I
mil
TlIK llOKlt FORT AT BLOKMKONTKIN.
PABUAHENT H0U8E IN CAPE TOWN, AND TADLK MOUNTAIN.
Ti:iSSVA\L GOVEHNMKNT Br!f,!lIN<!?.. AV;!> DUTCH HEFOHMED CHIIIU'H WHKBB
INTERIOR OF THE RAADZAAL AT BLOEMFONTEIN. PRESIDENT KRl'dKR I'UEAl'HKS.
BOER FOR- AT BLOEriFONTEIN. .he capita, of tl.e Orange Free State A «™^po.i{ion mounted «^ »J« of^«.e trxTbfe'Mo'u^l W".hrbSrUgVou"n!J^^
Boers have l^ecome proficient un.ler skiUe.l officers forn.erly » /he Oerman ami French armies. .'^'•'^JVueervtoSria ia «en on the lawn before the main entrance to the
buiUlinga an.1 groun.ia occupy the nio»t Iwautiful part of the city, near the »°t»n'f ' ^»"'«?«;^,A »"»« «' U^^^^ ;„ ^^j, buU.Ung, in an ad oining chamber, that the
assenibfv re ,ms. Interior o» Raadual. Bloemlortetn. The legta lat.ve """Jply i™" "i,iJf^^°j''iXlS«S Churchat Pretoria where President Kruger
"OX TO i'KEro:<i.\r~i)E.rni or- ci.xi.km. joiki-.kt.
28U
;J5*
which the
ind. The
nee to the
r, that the
nt KruKer
can cities.
the BrltlHli iioih'. Oi-imtiiI Oiilmrc arrived loo liiti-. KtMldcrsljurt; wuk
alrt'ud.v rcocciipit'd li.v tin- M<u'rs.
TIm' Uocr rt'porJ ordu'cuplurcoflhcHc tlvi'ioiiipaiiifs wan lliriilinn.
It Niiid:
"A HrillHli force, coinprisiiit; r»00 uieii of the IS.tyal Irisli Itilles,
eiii<'red Dewelsdorp on April 1, aiul rapliiin MiAVIiiiiney (nlled upon
Ma^'lKlrale IHNm-ll lo siirrentler Hie keys lo the piildie iMiildin;:, nliieli
lie readily did, liavin); previoUHly hidden all pul)li<' records, cans, and
niniunnition nntler the lloors.
"Captain McWIdnney was ^neatly surprised al h-ariiintj thai a Itoer
force was approaching;, and promptly retreated \\\ Ueddershurn.
(\ininian<lant Oewet, fresh from the lirillianl victory at Saunas Tost,
followed the Uoyal Irish IJilh's ami learned on Wednesday thai the
HritiKh were retreating; westward alone a raii^e of kopjes.
"l''or two hours the two opposing forces encamped on each side of
tlu' ran};e. Ilewet knew all ahout the Itritish positimis and movements,
but the Koyal Irisli were (piile iiiuiware of the proximity of the Uiters.
"They blundered apiin as they did al Saunas Tost. Their scouts
weri» not on the alert.
"Before sunset on Tuesday Dewet had the Uritish force in his power
after an enjjap'inent which lasted all the afleriuion. The Irish made
ii most lirilliant tU'fense, hut their fate was never in doubt.
"Dewet during; the afternoon sent SIH) burjihers to cut off the retreat
of the Hritish, and then moved forward a small force <if Ho«'rs to the
top of the kopjes held by the em-my.
"The Itritish bcddly attacked them. Then Dewel's plan was sud-
denly developed and the itritish soon found that they were surrounded.
They had, indeed, fallen into a beautiful trap, for they were commaiideil
nt ev«'ry ]ioint by Itoer ^\\\w, while their force was separated on iwo
kopjes with the Iloers between.
".\t sunrise on Wednesday the Itoer ^uns commenced lo hurl shell
upon the devoted Irishmen, who refused lo surrender, but fiiuuhl with
the ntinosi Herceness for three hours. At 10 o'clock, however, the
Hritish coinniandinir otticer saw that further resistance would only in-
volve useless waste of life ami that his military position was (]uite
lio|MdeHS. lie therefore hoisted the white lla>{. Tw(dve otiicers sorrow-
fully hHnd<*<l over their swords to Dewet, and 450 non-coniinission*Hl
ollicers and men surremlered. All the prisoners were sent to Thabu
X'fhu under escort, and Dewet continued his march towards Wepencr."
JOHN itriJ. LIFTS HIS hat to tifox.iK.
From the "SI. Pau! Pioi r Press."
.Tfdin Bull and all the world honors a hero no matter if he has
fought on the losing siile. (ieneral t'roiije made a heroic stand and only
surrendered when it was useless to tijjht lon<jer.
ill
'i,
lifSH
sill
a L_
/; o !fl »i *** (j'T -
£r=2
il-i
I!
X.
5 a
u
B
H
3
c
5^1 lis
INTERIOR OF JOHANNESBURQ KORT.-Thi!
ing position on top of a liill, whence its guns <
comers. On eacli bastiou ia ciotiiileii a „ i c£tiv>HiE:^«'r i~ui> j^-ii^inv ri
small quick-firing guns. On the opix>sire side ioward Johannesburg is the entrance which traverses the rampart at an angle of +5'degre^" Under the bistion on the n'»ht
•re barracks and a magazine, and under the other basUon are the officers' rooms and another magazine. The iUaitration Siowt one o? the bastions and a 23.centimeter gSn.
TORT.— This fort was fini.ihed in the middle of 1H'I7, and its origin is said to be due to the Jameson raid. It occupies a command-
.... » guns can level the city ol Johannisburg and command the Pretoria road. It ia rectangular in shape with two bastions at oiinosinir
U I" I
I
5^ «i
•all §-5 i^rs
I
CIIAPTKU XXX.
TKMIMUJAIJY HOKIC HlirKHHI
U.MHKU AI'TKIt T \IM»
miCUIIKUH UKTKKA
Kins IX I'M-
'KMi'(^KAI^V HiMMi'HKi'M Wfif ijaiiH'il li.v Hh- l«<K'rH,
"wlio n.....u|.l .a.lvl.iHii.l, ThnlMi X'Cl.u aii.l
til.' Illoriiifuntriii w.K.-nvoikH. .mil iMxifp-.l
\V.-|«-n<T, xvl.i.li. Iinw.v..r. Ilkr M.if.-kinc, w.uil.
lint Kiv." In. Ual.liiiK alw. iM-piii anuiiul (Ifii.'iai
Unll.T'H .oluinii, bill with Kiiiall .'IT.'.t. U.'ii.-ial
(lala.r.. r.Mhv.l to H.'tl.aii.v. A( Hiix tiiiir Hk-
H,H.|K Kinl.luMi ill a lliiii Hi"' f'oni Saunas PohI.
,„i »|„. Houlli, to a iM.inl .-aHt of .la>;.-iHfonl.-in,
__ _ Tilt' lallwav Klaiionn wt-rc ani|>l,v j.mt.Tl.Ml l».v IIk'
HritiHli. I.ut lliLir .W'f.nm. n.-.-sHiiatnl lii-avv ,.al.ollin« '""\
l„;..n.Ht in till- Kl.'pM,f NV.-,.H...r, I.H.i li.v a par "^""'";';"' "" " ' f.
for.... i.a'"" •<• i'"'«''<-». '•"'"« •••"""•' ""'> "• .'""• '"""!•""•'' " ',' '
r..tln......«. of <l..n..ral Outa.-r.., wl.o was s.-nl Iioiih. ... ''"I^ "' "'; '
„„,, ,„„.„ v..r.v ,.nf..r..ina..' in manv inH.„n....H .1... last ..n.- I... K h-
loHK ..f ttv.. .■n.ir.. .■..n.,.ani..H, .aptiir...! n.-ar H...l.l..rHl,i.r>r. NM.-.I r
1... r..HiKn...l ..f lilH ..wn will or was f..r..Ml ... r.-Hip, was .........'. •.
...,„K...,....n.... Tli.> ^'.-lU'ral un.l..rs.an.lin>{ waK .ha. I.....1 i:..iM'rlK f...in.
i. n.-.''Km.rv ... sa.ritl..' H..nu. on.- ..f his p-n.-ials ... ...v.'r up nM-.i.
blun.l.-rs, a'n.l that tl..- .h..!..' f.-ll ..n d.'n.ral O.ata.r...
Tl... Iinp.-rial War OIH..' .•.".•.'iv.-.l th.' f..ll..wiiin .lispat.li fro... I^.r.l
H..b,.rtH. .l«t...l a..ni...-nf..n...ln, April 11, xvhi.h .l.-tnil...! .1... Hituath.n
"" ""M.'.liu.."n r..p..r.H .hat II..' |M.r..v of Boith .l.f.at.-.l April 5 ina.!.- a
K.M..1 r.-Histan... f..r f..nr hours, an.l ..i.lv cav.- in wh.-n ...ir tr.u.ps with
J:^,.,, .mvr.nrf^ w< n- withiu Hf.'.'.'n yar.ls ..f tl..Mn. S.-v.'.. ..f th.- .'n.'in.v
were killed eleven were w..un.l...l, nn.l flft.v..ue w.t.- ina.le priw.ners.
.;s TIIK SIK.IK OF WKI'KNKU
IM.IIITINO, ANI> TIIK
T UITII l.tHM* KOII-
iA. IMUSIIT.
Ili'sitl.' Kl.'Ut.'iian.s H...vl.' an.l Wlllianis, S.rpi.nl I'alri. k raniphill was
kill.Ml, an.l tw.. ..r • n..i. w.-i.' wo.m.l.d. Willim.is was kill.d .l.lib-
(.ia..'l.v af.tr .h.- wliii.' tt»K I. a. I I..-*'" h.l.l up. Tin- p.'rp.iiiHoi' ..f .!..•
.riin.' was a. .>n.'.' slm..
"Hiill.-r repoHs .ha. .1..' .mciiiv at.a. k.'.l his liKliI .lank .vt's.cr.la.v
while 1..' was." ■»in'i\ in ihauuii.K his p..siii..i.. bnl ...ir ar.ill.-r.v sil-m.-il
.h.-ir K..ns, an.l .h.-v .li.l no. pi.'ss .1..' a.ia.k. Our h.ss.s w.if f..ur
kill.'.l an.l .'ijih. n..'u w.iun.l.'.l.
"Th.'f.' is n.) fur.li.r news vc. fr.uu W.'p.ii.'i"
in an...l..'r .lispa..l. I,..r.l l{..l..'r.s wii.'.l ... th.' War (Mil..- fi-on.
m<..'ii.f.in..'in, un.l.'r .la..' of Tu.s.lay, April H». as follows:
"Th.' cn.'ni.v has 1 n a.tiv.' .Inrinn .he last f.w .lavs. On.' .•..n.-
n.au.h. is n..w "on .1..' n..rih hank ..f th.' Oranp- Wivcr, no. far fr..in
Aliwal X.ir.h, whil.' an..il..r Is a.ta.kinj: W.'p.'ii.'i'. Tli.- carrison .li.'i.'
is l.ol.lintj ..... hiav.'l.v, mu.I intli.tcl serious loss ..n the IJ.i.'is. Maj.>r
Springs of .l..'<'ap.'M.!Uii..'.l Wi.les was kill.'.l. X.>..lli.'r .asnallies have
b.'.'ii rep.trt.'.l as vC. r
"T'.i.' ir.>.ips ar.' h.-infj in..v.'.l up rapiilly."
T.. pr.'V.'iil s.mI.I.'I. rai.ls O.'ii.'ral Hiill.'r s.-n. his .avalry to wat.h
all the i.asM.'s. Th.' Hritisli infan.rv was ili.'i. inli-.u.li.'.l fn.iu .loiion.is
K..p to Jobs K..p, h..l.lin;i a liiu' thirt.-.i. n.ih's h.n^'. .I..n..u..s K..p
was on.' .if th.' p..siti..iis h.'l.l h.v ll.«' Itoers in the l.atth' at Klan.lslaafjte
on (>.t..b.'r 21, lS!t!t, wli.'u tli.' Mritish w.in such a .r.'.lilahl.' vi.t.d'y.
Thi' naval n"">* ^*'''''' 1"" '" I"'"'''"" "1"'" •'"' ''".ual battlefiel.l ..f
Klan.lslaa};t.', ab..ut the .-.'nt.'r ..f the Ilritisl. lit..'.
On .his .hit.' I...r.l Uob.'its liii.l 214,(mO effe.tive tr.M.j.s un.l.'r his
.'.iinii.iin.i, with ri,iHH> inorc aih.at or under ..filers. Th.' W;!i- Office
2«3
ft'
'2*M
instructed offlcors not to take any nioro expanding bullets to Africa for
revolvers.
Ililyiud Steyii, brother of President Ste.vn, a prisoner of war, in
the «ourse of an interview at Hloenifontein, said:
"The orifiinal war plan of the »oers was to overrun all ('ape Colony,
but on being involved in the sieges of Kiniberley and Ladysinith, the
bur'-'hers found the design spoiled. To this I attribute the Boer failure
t<. .on(iuer the Hritish. I expect the war to last until Christmas."
Lord Roberts determined to send no further trooim from the south
t,. the smcor of Haden-Powell's heroic garrison at Mafeking. He had
come to the conclnsion tiiat Mafeking was m.t worth the effort necessary
to save it, as he would have to send .5,000 men at least to accomplish
the task, and ev.'n then might fail. C.eneral Sir F. Carrington's c(dunin,
sent to relieve Mafeking, consisted of 5,000 hardy bushmen. March 12
this force was at Heira. Fr.im Heira to I'nitnli was about two days'
journey bv rail. From Frntali to Fort Tuli was 2.50 miles' march over an
acce-ssibU' country. From Fort Tuli to Mafeking the distance was
barelv l.">0 miles, with a railroatl most of the way.
("'.done' Robert S. S. Had-nl'owell, leader of the little band of
s(ddiers w! o iiad hel.l out in Mafeking since the beginning of the war,
October 1 J, ISO!), was one of the most brilliant of the oflicers in the
Hritish aimv. lie entered the military service in 1877, and since that
time bis <ar'eer was like that of a hero of romance. As an adjutant he
serv.'d with his regiment in India and Afghanistan, and also in South
\frica. In 1SS7 he was at ('ai)e Town as assistant military secretary to
(leneral Sir Henry Smyth, lie was "mentioned in the dispatches" for
his .rallant conduct during the Zulu war, and was later active in raising ,
amrc(.mmanding the native levies in the Ashanti operations. In 1890
when the Matabeles rose in rebellion a second time, he was chief of
staff for Sir Frederick Carrington, who was given command of the
Hritish forces. „ ^ ,
The Hoer advance southward was checked through the gallant de-
fense of the Wepeiier garrison, and the arrival of Hritish troops at
Dewetsdorp and Ue.ldersburg. General Buller continued holding his
own in Natal, but fighting continually.
The Hiicrs were evidently adopting entirely new tactics. Two
columns were moving to the south of Bloemfoutein, relying on Cape
carts for transport, carrying scarcely any forage and only sutHcient food
TEMPORARY BOER SVCCESS-TltE BURGHERS RETREAT.
to meet the immediate requirements of the convoy, with ox transports
following at a secure distance, by which means their columns were
enabled to move almost as tiuickly as cavalry.
There were !),000 Boers to the south of Dewetsdorp, the force extend-
ing from that point to Odendahl. The burghers who had returned to
their farms were rejoining their (dd commandos.
The actual Boer losses to the end of March, including prisoners in
the hands of the liritish, were estimated at 12,000, according to advices
from Pretoria, while on March 28 the Imperial War Office at l^mdou
issuetl a table of British losses to that date, showing an aggregate of
l<i,<M2, not including 4,004 invalided home.
President Kruger attended a conference of the Boer commandants
at Brandfort April 12, at which a decision was reached to withdraw
the Transvaal forces to the north of Vet Uiver, preparatory to a general
retirement across the Vaal Kiver, if hard pressed, leaving the Free-
Staters to their own resources. After the death of Oeneral Joubert
Mr. Kruger was much more active in military matters than before.
After leaving Brandfort he visited the Boer camp at Kroonstad, being
enthusiastically received.
One of the prisoners sent to St. Helena with Oeneral Cronje was
Colonel Schiel, of Oermany, who had been fighting with the Boers and
was captured with Oeneral Cronje at Paardebt>rg. He and other pris-
oners were to have been landed at St. Helena Ai)ril Ifi. A Dutch cruiser
arrived on April i:{, and extra vigilance was being displayed by H. M. S.
Xi(d)e round the transpo t Milwaukee. April 1.") Schiel and two other
prisoners mad«' a daring it tempt to escape from custody. Schiel bribed
a boatman to take a letter to the Dutch cruiser, but it was taken to H. M.
S. Niobe by mistake, and when the Oerman c(donel and his cinnpanions
att.'Uipted to leave the ship the scheme was frustrated.
When searched Colonel Schiel was found in jiossession of a large
knife. In conseciuence of this outbreak Schiel and his confederates were
sent to the high kn<dl fort, width is a prison.
Schiel took the matter coolly, smoking a cigar, and refusing to ride
in a carriage, saying he i)referred to walk.
The ship's guard accompanied the party to Ladder Hill, where the
IJoyal Artillery Ouard relieved thein and escorted the prisoners to the
high kn<dl fort. Orders were given to shoot Schiel should he make a
further attempt to escape.
ox transports
coluinns wpre
t> force pxtcud-
i<l rctnrueil to
ijj priKonorw in
lin;^ to advices
lice at liontlou
II «n(,M't'(iat«' of
coinniantlautH
il to withdraw
r,v to a general
vinj^ tlie Free-
I'neral Joubert
■s tlian before,
•oonstad, being
pal Cronje was
the Boers and
and otiier pns-
V Dutch crHiser
.vedbvH.M. H.
and two other
, Schiel bribed
» taken to H. M.
his companions
<sion of a large
nfederates were
refusing to ride
Hill, where the
prisoners to the
ould he make a
CITY AND SUBURBAN GOLD MINE NEAR JOHANNESBURC).
SCENES IN SOUTH AFRICA.-l. Crocodile Bl»«. ». Bailvay Slatlon, Johanninbarf.
8. Crocodile Puort, 4. Alkiiiur. G. Tunnal ud NatlurUnda-Oeliao* Bar BaUwty.
SEARCHING TABLEH AT !)E HPIERS !!!AS!!1N!! M!NK.-., K!M!!!-.!!!.KV.
■Ah..£!^2P"'^ RIVER, near Pretoria, one of the largest rivers of the Transvaal, runninK north and forming tfie boaiulary of the State between Rhodesia. Railway Station,
.iJI!t. 5^/*K^ niagnificent structure of steel and one of the finest in the country. Crocodile l^)0^t, the eastern border of the Transvaal, where the Delagoa Day Railroad passes
oiii-.^ li^ Ubombo mountains. Alkmaar, a picturesnue spot m the Transvaal where the curiously shiped rocks appear as though worked by the hand of nian. Tunnel on
KMIway line from Dclagoa Bay, cutting through a solid mass of rock on the side of a hill with a deep gully below. "^"^ " •»
mi-..*^!:.?.?!."^^ ^^*'' .JOMANNESBURQ, the property of the City and Suburban Company, one of the largest on the " Rand." Seaichlng Table* at De Beers diamond
minet, Kimberley, where only whites are employed in aearching the finely sorted ' ' blue-ground ' ' for the precious stones. "i«uiunu
5
M'<
f
J a
is
S'C "S
M "
S a'C
B o C
lis
111
Lis
.s!S «
is"
U.ocn
BJSi;
1'^
122a
m I. 5
I i
•eg
5£
TEMPORARY BOER SUCCESS— THE BURGHERS RETREAT.
297
General Cninjo and his wif*', with thiw members of his staff, landed
April 15, aiTonipanied by ("olonel Lecfe. They were driven to the eastle,
where they met the Governor and Ills wife, and after an lionr's stay tlie
party drove to Kent cottage, his future liome.
A very pretty story was eontained in a dispatch from I'retoria, dated
April 13, saying: "Mrs. Krnger, on being interviewed, said tliat she
trusted Ood would soon stop the merciless bloodshed, but that the
republic would be vigorously defended, even if i'retoria were tinally
taken. Hhe added that she had hatl in the field thirty-three grandsons,
two of whom were kiUed, four sons, six sims-iu-law, and numerous other
relatives."
The nmin body of the Canarvon Jield force, in command of Colonel
I'arsons, including the Canadian Artillery and the Mounted HiHes, ar-
rived at I)e Aar April 14, after a live weeks' march from Victoria road
by way of Kenhardt, a distance of more than 5(10 miles. They encoun-
tered no active opposition, ("(donel I'arsons pacified the district, which
was previimsly in rebellion, and arrested the ringleaders.
Winter set in in Kouth Africa about the middle of April, the first
frost being at Bloemfontein.
It was otticially reported April 14 that the Kritish losses at Wepener
in four days' fighting were eighteen men killed and 132 wounded.
Hoers, untler Commandant Kwanepoel, forced the Koyal Irish KiHes
to evacuate Houxville, but the Uritisli shortly afterwards reoccupied it.
Lord Hoberts, April 14, was constraineil to send a protest to Presi-
dent Kruger regarding the treatment to which the c<donial oftiiers and
troops, prisoners at I'retoria, were subjected, complaining that the Hoers
bad treated them as if criminals contined in jail. He inanted out that
tlu're were ninety cases of enteric fever and dysentery in the prisoners'
camp at Waterval; that the Transvaal government failed to supply, on
demand of the doctor, the necessary medicines and medical comfortV;
that the prisoners were forced to bivouac on the open veldt; that the
8i«k were placed in an oju'n shed, with an iron roof, and that it was only
when the new doctor threatened to resign that nu'dicines and nmttresses
were sup])lied.
He invited I'resident Kruger to remedy this state of things, and con-
trasted it with the treatment the Hritisli gave Hoer prisoners, sick and
wounded, who, Lord IJoberts said, "received the same treatment as our
own soldiers."
Lord Itoberts reviewed the situation April IT in a dispatch to the
Imperial War Office:
"Hloeinfoutein, Tuesday, April 17, l!H)t).
"Our force at Wepener is still surrounded, but it is reported that the
enemy are attacking in a half-hearted manner, and are anxious about
their communications, hearing that forces are approaching Wepener
from two directions — one under General Kundle, via Heddersbnrg, and
another under General Brabant, w ith General Hart's Brigade in support,
via Uouxville.
"On the reoccupation of Kouxville, April 15, the few Boers there
retired, and General Brabant nmde some important arrests.
"Violent storms of rain hav<' somewhat interfered with tlie march
of these columns, but it is hoped they will soon be able to make their
[ireseuee more decidedly felt.
"General Wettle reports from Kenhardt, April 14, that 201) Trans-
vaalers made a determined attack tlie jirevious day on Dopaspoort, iield
by a party of Orpon's Horse. Our losses were two killed and (Uie
wounded. The enemy's losses must have been heavy, as they applied to
us for doctors and an ambulance. HOBEKTS."
L«»rd KobertH had c<Hnpleted his plans for the movenumt towanls
I'retoria, when he was delayed in sending forwanl his main force by
swollen streams and bad roads. The Boers, not being incumbered by
heavy transiM>rts, without which the British were unable to marcli,
some of the raiding commandos which had been annoying Hoberts were
able to make an easy escape. To make certain of intercepting Olivier's
comnmndos, cavalry and mounted infantry divisions wer<> pushed east-
wards as far as Ladybrand, eighty miles from Bloemfontein, and sup-
ported by an infantry division at Thaba X'Chu.
There was a thirty-foot tlood of the Caiedon Kiver, the drifts on the
Modder Biver were impassable, traffic was interruiitetl southward,
the water h.iving washed the ballast from the line of the railway, and
the country about Bloemfontein was so deep in mud that the farmers'
carts were unable to reach the town.
The columns dispatched by Lord Roberts to relieve Wepener oper-
ated under the same diKadvaiitage, and the Hoers ctaimed llicy would
take the town before the British reinforcements got through. This boast
was not to be fulfilled, for Lord Hoberts, defying water and mud, moved
298
TEMPORARY BOER SUCCIiSS—THE BURGHERS RETREAT.
liffoic it WHS lli(ni}{lil III' poHsibly rouhl, and tlii' »U%v «>( Wt'jM'iii'r was
raiscil.
1.(11(1 Uobcrls i'c|Miv(((l, April I'l, (o the War Ollict-, as follows:
"HlociiifoiiU'iii, April 21, I'.IOO.
"kundlc's foi'cc caiiic ill coiilacl with the ('iicin.v vcslcrdav four miles
southwest of Dewetsddip. It occupied strouji; positions, covering the
town.
"The veoiiianrv and mounted infantry seized another position, which
enabled Kuiidle to drive the eiiemv olT and occup.v tile liij;h firoiind the
eiiemv had been Inddiii^.
"Itiiiidle advaiice(l this morniii<; early and is now a^aiii eii<;a};in(;
with the enemy."'
The same day l,."itu» Hoers made a delerinined attack on a c(uivoy
rellirninj; t(v Mosliof. The British succeeded in repnlsiii}; the attack, and
their tile became so heavy and well sustained that the Itoers fell back
with ciuisiderable loss. The Itriiish casuallics were sixteen killed and
wounded. The cciiivoy reached Itoshof safely.
A dispatch from Pretoria of the same date said:
••I'resideiil Kru>,'er has received throuvih President Stcyn an official
re|)ori sent bytieneral Dewet, under date of April 20, to the effect that
the latter still surrounds <ien(>ral Hrabant's c(donials at Wepener and
that he has captured eleven pris(uiers, includiu;; the chief artillery
officer. The icport adds that the Itritish coinin;; from Aliwal North are
deslroyiii;; farmlHuises on the way. The Irish Hrifjade parade(l this
morning in front of President Kl'Ufier's house. The President made a
speech to them, and the force was afterwards pli«itoKfaph(>('."
A letter from a nurse in a hospital at t'ape Town corroborated an
unpleasant feature of the war. The writer said the me(lical officers,
for sanitary reasons, forced a number of Hoer prisoners to bathe in the
river behind the hospital. Two of them abs(dutely refused to strip, and
when forciMl to do so it was found they were w(Uiien in inen's clothes.
The writer added:
"Quite u number of the dead on battleflelds Lave been found to be
women similarly disguised, and, worse than all, it has often been these
wiiiueii who have I ecu ;{uilly of iitrocities, such as killing the wounded."
The siejte of Wepener was raised April 2r)tli, flic Hoers retreatiug
bofiuc tieiieral French, the inaii who was tirst in Kiinberley, the first
at Paarib'ber}; to pin ('ronj(> in the death-trap there, and lli<> first at
ltloeiiif(Uitein. liefore the relief of Wepener Lord Itoberts Hiicce(>ded in
retaking the waterworks at Hloeinfontein the Hoers had held for some
weeks, while (ieiieral IJundle had a sever«> flfjlit near hewetsdorp.
The original movenieiit to sucimu- Wepeiier's };arrisoii bi-pin with the
advance of (ieiieral Itrabaiit with Hart's Kri^ade and a lar};e number
of ('(donials from Ikou.wille, supjiorted by a simnlfanecuiH advance by
Handle with the Third and Ki^htli Uivisions friuii Heddersbnr};.
(ieiieral Hrabant's force outflanked the Ho( r position at Hiisliinan'.'>
Kop April 22, and ti};hlin^ be^jaii early the next morning. The colonial
division under (ieiieral Hrabant advanced cautiously, followed and sup-
ported by (ieiieral Hart's Infantry Hri};a(le, and the Hoers retired.
The second stafje befjaii with the sending; of Pide-Carew with the
Kleventh Division and French with two brifjades of cavalry and one
corps of iiioiiiiiimI infaulry aloii;; the| Dewefsdorp road and strike the
Hoers on the ri;j;ht flank and front of Itiindle.
The two fienerals captured liceiiw Kop and then advanced to
Tweedefjelnk, near Paardekraal, eij;lileen miles distant from Oewets-
dorp. They were ('(uistantly in si$;iial communication with Handle.
The third stap- was the sending of Ian llaiuiltoii with n stron;;
divisi(Ui of iiiounte(l infantry to occupy Saunas Post, better known as the
Hloeuifontein waterworks, seventeen miles southcai-t of (hat city, thus
threatening Thaba \'("liu and the roads running north fnun Dewefsdorp.
The Ninth Divisi(ui was sent to Uaniilton's aid, as the Hoers were in
great force at that point.
Th(> last mov*> of l.oi'd Ibdterts was to s(>nd one bri{[;ade of the
Seventh Division to seize the bri(l},'e over the Jlodder at Krantzkranl,
near Sauna's Post, which was used much by the Hoers.
The total of all these forces was 40,000, and Olivier's force, whieh
(hey expected to surround and capture, was about 10,000.
The Hoers also had 12,000 men between Tliaba NTIni and Lady-
brand, while the rest of Kruger's army was 8(Uith of Hrnndfort.
Colonel Aldersen's corps of mounted infantry, consisting of the
jflon been these
•f tlic Wdiiiulc'd."
{(ici's r<'lr*')itiug
bcrlcy, Hit' Hrst
mill till' tii'Ht ut
I'tH HiH'cci'di'd in
il lu-ltl for Noiiip
iir Dcwt'tsiliirp.
1 b<'};an with tlii>
a lai'j;*' niiinbcr
uiiH ailvanie by
tli'i'sbiiffj.
Ill at KiiHbmanV
If;. Th»' colonial
iliowcd anil Hup-
ci's rctifcd.
("arpw with thi'
•avalrv itnil ono
I and strike the
Ml advan«'ed to
It fioiii Dewcfs-
illi Itiindlo.
II with a strong
IT known as tiic
f that lit.v, thus
'oiii Dpwetsdorp.
(> BopFH were in
brigade of the
at Krantzkrnnl,
•r's fori'P, whirh
)l)0.
'Chu and Lady-
rnndfort.
)nRi8ting of the
^«._ ^^^^^H
rv
Wm ^H
i^
'•.4. * JHH
■i > 1
7
/
V
A BOEB FAMILY OF SHAEPSHOOTEBa AT JOUANNKSBDBO.
THK NATAL INFANTBY ON FIELD SBBVICKi
BOER FAniLY OF SHARPSHOOTERS living near joxanncsbiirf . From early childhood the yonng Boer is taught to handle the rifle, in the use of which he
becomes proficient while a mere hoy. Constant practice at targets and at hunting game enables a Boer to estimate ranges witli precision, and earns for him the reputation
of helng the best marksman in the world. The Boer women also learn to u.ie the rifle and render good service tn the men when in danger of attack hy natives,
NATAL, INFANTRY ON FIELD SBRViCE.— Among the many colonial volunteers now in active service at the front, the Natal Infantry has been conspicuous in
many of the engagements with ihe Boers. Their instinctive knowledge of the country coupled with their ability to withstand the climatic influences have made them
valuable to the British for scouting purposes and other important services in the field.
)
th
r:
l!6
5'2'o
" S §'3 ■ iS " " «■
pit's 1§I-^
^ s
-^L
trial's' '^
sfS
Sf=5 ill-is
o w o - • O7:
9 x-a ** <•
tag »•§„•«-'§?;
SSw^SB .E'S"
III
g£<g^
TEMPORARY BOER SUCCESS— THE BURGHERS RETREAT.
801
S OS
H
S£
OCA '
f it ^
S|5l
•p a K * Bii S "o - K
"s S~ 3 a S r
»T „ "^ B tj £ S s
n^
= 5
Ell 3 mi;
£2S t)j Lot-"'!"
555-2 *jS-5'H Ji-
■a s B s J! " t
a:?
•«B2
l-SS!
;3e°'Sb
^ C o J! (
iu S g Big <Sa s£ '
|l-2Sli l'=
l!|i Irfl
Bill i&&a
First Battalions of tlio I'^irst iinil St'coiid ('aniulliin K(■^illl»'nls, an<l
Slratlicoiia's lloiw, cntniifjcd in tlic oiicnitioiis of (h-iicral I'ol»'('ai«'\v
ami Ociu'ral Frt-iuli, to drive llu- Hot is from tlu'ir liiu' of di'feuso soiilli
(if tln' watci'worlvs.
Tlif Canadians sustalnt'd a lit'av.v lire. The Hocrs sludlcd Aldcrson,
wlio made a niairhinj^ movcmiiil around Lcciiw Ivop, on tluM-xtrcim' left
of till' Iloer jiosition. When the IJiilish l)altcry opened fire the Hoers
removed the tJiins and I.eeiiw Kop was evacnaled.
Lord l{(d)er(s reported these operations to the War (Kllee:
"Bloemfontein, April 24, IIKIO.
"(ienerals Hrabantand Hart vesterda.v turned the isisitlon oeeupied
b.v the enemy, who tried to prevent their movinsj; northward, and }iot
into heliot?raph eommnnieatlon with (Vdonel Dalfjet.v, eommandant of
1 he besle},'ed j,'arrison at Wepener, who rejiorted all well.
"At 11 p. m. yesterday liralianl and Hart were eifjlit nillos south of
Wepener. The Kleveiith Divisidn, under (ieueral ToleCarew, and
(leneral Krenih's two brlf^ades of cavairy reached Tweedej;<'luk yester-
day afternoon without having; met serhtns opposition.
"Helio};raph <()inmnin(ation has been established with General
liundle.
"Monnteil infantry yecterday, under (Jeneral Ian Hamilton, oe-
eupied the waterworks at Kanna's Tost. -Vs the enemy are holding the
nel(,'hborlnt; hills in some strength, the Ninth Division, eonsistiii}; of
tieneral Kmith-Dorrien's and « Jeneral Maedonald's Bri};ades, has been
disjiatehed to sujiport liainilton.
"(Jeneral Maxwell's Urinade, formerly < ieueral < 'herinside's of the
Keventh Division, yesterday moved eastward and seized the hills cover-
inj; the wafjon Iridfte over the Modder liiver at Kran/.kraal, an imi)or-
tant communication, much used by the Hoers (lnrin}r the last three
,v,.eks. HOBKUTS."
The followintf day Lord Koberts continued his report on the opera-
tions as follows:
"Bloemfontein, April 25, 1900.
"Pole-C'arew's divimon reached Hoodekoj) yesterday evening without
casualties.
"Its advance was covered by cavalry and horse artillery, which
drove back the "uemy with heavy loss, their ilead beinjj; left on the
ground. The mounted troops halted for the nl^'lit at <!ro;>tfont<'in, and
at 7:30 this niorninj; w<'re crossing the Modder Kiver at \'alsbank, in
accordance with my instrui'tions to French to endeavor to place him-
self astride thet'ncniy's line of retreat. French's arrival near the .Moddei'
evidently, howev«'r, alarmed the Boers, who evacuated their strong posi-
tion near Dewitsdorp durin}; the night, and it was occupied by t'lierm-
side's division this morning. The mounted infantry under Ian Hamilton
drove the enemy off the kopjes in the neighborhood of the waterworks
without casualties on our side.
"The Highland Brigade marchetl twenty-four lulles yesterday to
support General Hamilttm and halt(>d for the night at Klip Kraal, four
miles short of Sanuas Post.
"Brabant and Hart are still a few miles short (tf \Vep<'ner, and the
enemy ai)pear to have somewhat increased during the last few days.
But it is not likely there will be much trouble in the neighborhood of
U'epener t>nce Dewetsdorp is occupied by our troops.
"2:55 1'. M. — Dewetsdorp was occu|iied by t'iiermside without oji-
position at U:30 o'clock this morning. KOBFHTS."
General Hamilton occupied Thaba X'Chu April 2t! witlumt material
opposition, and attention was then turned to the Boers in retreat from
Wepener along the Ladybrand road. They left Wepener so hurriedly
they did not even stop to bury their dead. Lord Roberts sent several
columns in pursuit in the hope of intercepting them, the line of retreat
being to the north and northeast, with the intention of reaching Win-
burg, and thence to join the main federal forces at Krooustad.
Generals Bundle and French each chased other c(dnmns of Boers,
headed for Ladybrand, where it wasi-xpected t'oniniandant Botha would
try to keep Commanilant Olivier as a permanent threat to the British
line of conununicution for the purpose of dcfcriing Lord Boberts' main
advance northward in the direction cf Pretoria.
The Imperial War Office at Loiulon issued the following from Lord
Boberts, dated Bloemfontein, Friday, April 27, 1901):
"General French reached Thaba X'Chu this morning with cavalry.
He met General Ian Ilamiltou's and General Smith-Dorrien's brigades
there.
"The enemy were still holding the eastern outlet of the town, where-
302
Tii.Mroh'.iin- itor.R si'ccnss-THR bi'rgheks rp.trf.at.
I
i
friini <i('ii<'riil Frt-iit'li iiiiil (iriicriil llainiltiin were iH'iicctMlin); to liirn
IIm'III nut.
"MciicMil Itiiiiillf's <livisi(iii was cinlil miles scmtli of Tliaba X'Cliu
last <'Vt'iilii;>;.
"AilililiiMial casiiallu's llnis far i'i-|i<>i'lt'<l rt'oin <!<-iii'i'al laii llaiiiil-
tiiii's MiiMiittMl liiraiiti'v ari' l.it'iitciiaiits Harrv ami lllll wiiiiikIciI, both
iif Mai'siiaH's lliiisc, the Infiiicf si'vciciv, the laltcf sll;;lill_v.
"A pali'ol fi-oiii Itctliiilif caiMc at'inss a lindy of Hit' cik'hiv oii Smitli-
lit'ld road Api'il 2.'). I'i'ivato Kin;; of ilio rriiicc Alfri'il <iiiards was
killed, and two of the lioval Srots Service ('oi'ps weie talvcii |ii'isoiiers.
"Tile Veomaiirv Tavali'v, under (iciiei'al Kralia/oii, after fecoii-
lloitel'iii;: as far as Wepeiiei-, I'eliii'iied to Dewelsdoi'p tiiis nioi iiinj;."
Aiiotlit I' dispatch floiii Loid liolierts, dated Itloeiiifonteiii, Api'il
li", fjave (ieiU'ial llaiiiiltoirs fepnit df die Itiitisli casiiallies at Israel's
I'ool't April 2."i. Aiiioiifi those sli};lili,v woniided was Colonel W. If. Otter
of Canada.
Cieiieial llaniiltoii reported that the <'anadians and .MarshaH's
Morse did particnlarlv ;iood service.
Xews from .Mafekiny;, dated .\pril !», reported the };arrisoii lliere
in a fair wav, lint on short rations. It said:
"< Mir bread is now made eiit irelv of oats and is fail of hnsks, which
causes a };ood deal of illness. There are many cases of nervous prostra-
tion anionnlhe-;arrii-;on as well as malarial and tvplioid fever.
"News arrived to-day reportin<; the check of .Mellnien's relieving
colnnin, and this is a terrible disappointnient.
"Lienlt'iiant Smitlieman, one of Colonel riiimer's sconts, who so
jilnckily effected an entrance into the town with dispatt lie.;, waii the
first while man to pass the Hoer lines since last Novemlier.
"Last Friday thirty-three Fin^jces and IJaralonjjs went out to recover
cattle looted l:y the Itoers, and were betrayed by nnfrieiidly natives to
the enemy, who surronnde'il them while asleep in lar^'e nninbers, and
shot them all, nivin-; no (|iiarter. A .Maxim was also turned on them at
short raiip'. Only one escaped to tell the tale. The natives are now
mad for revenci', and will be ililticnlt to control.
"Saturday twenty KtO-poiiiid shells were filed into the town and
iilinowt as many lo-day. (inick-ftrers arc heavily bombarding (he iialives'
Ktadt.
"Tlic siege has now lasted 178 days.
"The ciisnalties iinioiif; tlio roinbalants n( the end of Mnrrh were
illiS killed and wounded."
CIIAMHKKLAIN I'UOl'OSES TO OlVI'miK BOHU A HOT TIME.
From ".Minneapidis Journal."
Mr. Joseph Chamberlain jiroposed to cook the Boer by marching
the Knjjiish army into Pretoria by Christnms of 1899, but he missed iq
his estimate souiewbat.
nil nf March were
.--^"^
K A HOT TIME.
tot'P by marching
but he missed ia
LIFE IN THB CAMP.— This illustration shows one of the less martial duties incident to army life. The photogrnph from >»hich the drawing was made was taken
of a bend in the Mooi River at a time when "Tommy Atkins" was engaged with enemies which, to a nice soldier, are as annoying if not as destructive as the Boers.
When in camp the soldier may have his food prepared by the "cooking brigade," but if he is scrupulous about cleanliness he usually has to be^ his own washerwoinan—at
irr.^t, tiittl ws^liie cspacity in which hv was acting when this photograph Wit- *-■— '''— ' ' !--■>-=«-. .- .- >- • .- .
River battle-aelds.
i taken. The landscape shown ia the illustration '.» a part of ou? of Ok famnM!> Modder
St I
^ s S --s ?
* 1* ' u b_:
CK ■ eg <• 8
f .?«£. = i
,■= 2 n t , S
l^B!
«&§•=««
.3 n Ea a a
^ 1^ <" ^ "
OS'--
' u w * J2 O
ili^
[US "^5 5.2
£ S g*S t^-H..S
«« O [J. jj _ «
OS'S E a
.£ g E K.S s ;
£ clip's i
< 0-8.R *'5 fi
lU ^ I! . o o. .
n "a £ ""S
[US "Ci-'^g
P So «''3S a
BJf g-ls'iii
J3 " s S 2^
01 mS e-.23i§
CHAPTER XXXI.
AT THE HATES OK Tr.E CAPITAL CTY OK THE «0,ITH AFHK'AX UVA'VULU-VUVHWFST
uuuuEira fliqht- occupation of JOHANXEHinrm " '
I UK flrHt (Iny of .Tun., huw the forces of Lord Kobertr.
pruHi.ally at fl.e very ^aU-^ „f Pretoria, the
• apital city of the Houth African Hepublic, Pri^si-
' • '^•■"K«'f ""'• I'iH Cabinet having abandoned
the city on the ni^ht of the 30tli of May, jUHt
iH'fore the newH of the occupation of Johannes-
l)urK by the British was received. Before h'avinj;
his capital President KruRer appointed the
Bur},'.Hna«ter of the town, together with the Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court of the Kepublic,
tnt«.« ~i . xu , "**^*""*^«P<"'8ible heads of a committee of citizens
4 000 Ldb hsh prisoners of war there, threats having been made by some
hotheaded burghers against their safety. "y »<>"h
"n2\^Tnt '"""^^ '''"'^'' ^^'^ ""'"■■■*« «'°*""''» Johannesburg, the
Go d Beef City," so called because it is the center of the great gold-
k-aring section of the White Water Kange, on the 31st of Ma,' n ,
resistance whatever being otTered, .Uthough ,le«,M..ate tig-.ting h„ Ik-.
grown tired of the war, knowing what the inevitable end was to W and
were returning to their farms by the hundreds; indeed, on June 1st ."^
was nothing tljat could be dignified by the nan.e of a Boer armv in I e
field. Everywhere the Dutch had been driven Imck; Lord RobertTlad
«%«;«. T'T '''''tT ""' •"""'"' """-""" *>onned tlulL'
was decS. ' '™' *"' *"■'' '"'""•'' '"™''*'" ''y *'"' ""^"•' "»"•• «ar
plan of estabhsh.ng posts across the Orange Free State in order to pre-
vent Boer raids to iLe southward, and then the great forward movement
commenc^ed, the British line extending from Krmberley, on the we "7o
Lmlysmith, on the east. (Jradually, step by stei. the 11..,.,- .. . ,
>ackw«rd, Mafeking was relieve, 'tow!. aft^J' .!.,;;',;, ''T,:
Alafeking was relieved May 18th, after a siegeof "jj ,,,,,., . , „ ,
fr.m. KinduTley, in March, and „ third under ^e tl ^ani" L. , 'r':'"
Bern, in Portuguese Fast Africa, in the mi.l.lle of i, i r ^ . '"
joined (icnen.1 Mahon on May 15th. ' "'"""' """'"••
April 15 Lord BobcrlH winnl Baden.I»..vvr.ii *,. i 1 1
m,, if possible, the reply -eaching the , Z ., , ! ;;;^,,7f ,^'"^
that the garrison ,.o„|,i i„.|d out uT.til June 2()th •'' '"'"■'■
At no period of the siege did the men nn.lop R.„i,>.. n
starvation soon became a familiar acquaintance- tovf.^ »
other kindled diseases made their appearance do, .'es^n' 7^ """^
slaughtered for food; women and childrerdroDmi^^off 1 "t ''"'•'
well as soldiers, died in the trenches dnvX. 'n™' "'"'""" "'*
and .she,, wa, po^,.! i„t„ the Itt [yl^^.n ' ^ ll'" '''"" "' ^'">^
«torm being only relieved at intervals^fra ^r " fas IdT".;' T
garrison. One attack after another was made by thelrSy . gUe^
iiUU
vlio (MHiUl iiitt ri'pn'HH (hi'lr mlinirntlim f<ir the tlofcndtTH, but iu nwy
liiHinncf tlu'.v wcri' ilrivni l)iuk, the IlrltiMh ri'Hortlng to their favorlt*-
WfiiiHiii. tilt' liayoiii't.
KiMcnibiT :;(!, l,x!l!». the llcrct'Ht tluhtiii).' iif the BlcRe oocumHl, when
thi' Hritish willittl out and font'd their way lienr to the IUmt treueluts
but the KnjtliHJi icall.v ar.oniiiliHJied nothiu({. I'eluuar.v I'th and l«th tlie
Itd.iH uindc llenc attat kH, luit were repulst-*! with heavy Iohh. They
weiv .oMiiiiand.Ml by vounn <"ionje, hou of tlu' veteran who Hurrendennl
at l'aardil>ern, wlio Hliowed that he posHi-Bsed much of the trieklneiw of
biH father.
Mueli dnmafje waH done by tlie Creusot (jun used by the Boers, an
arm inanufaetnred in rraiice, and of jjreat jiower. During tlie tij?iit
just precediiif; tlie relief of the town the British captured Eloff, a
grandson of I'resident Krujier.
It was almost a daily succesKion of enRajjements on the way to .lohan-
nesburj;. the Boers often abandoma^: their former taetbs and llfjhIinK in
the open. This was particularly true durinr 'le ttgbtinK of the first,
week in May on the extended front from luu w T^ N'Thu, where
the ("anadiiins atiain distin^'uished Ih- niselveti. An u<. ace was then
made on Winbui'^', wliere the t)ran-e I'n, State capital had been estab-
lished after the ia|>lnre of Bloemfonlein. the place beiii taken with less
trouble than anticipated, (ieueral Ilulton, formerly in command of the
Canadian militia, f?reatly distinjjuislied himself by a brilliant dash
across the Itiver Vet. Brandfort, a nv st important town, was captured
by a combined movement of (Seneral Tucker and (leneral Pole-Carew
on the east and center, and (Jeneral Mutton on the west, while Qenerals
Hamilton and Broad wood kept steadily movinsj to the north.
After the takinf{ of Brandfort, which town was made the pivot upon
which Lord Kobcrts' army turned, the advance upon Jtdiannesburg was
not checked in any material way, his plan iK-ing a continuous movement
across the country to the Witwntersrand and thence to Pretoria.
In turn the British occupied Smaldeel and Fourteen Streams, erosste
the Zand river after a sharp fi};ht, took Bietspruit and then entered
Kroonstad, forcing President Steyn, who had gone there from Winburg,
to flee to l.indley, which was made the capital of the Free State. In
the meantime dissensions arose iietwccn the Free State lroO|)S and those
of the Transvaal, the latter accusing the former of cowardice. Orad-
ually the burghers were crowded out of the Free State and on Muy 15th
AT Till- C.nr^ "^ T'll'- l.t''IT.II. CITY.
. i,.|>*ral lluiiter Invaded the Transvii, ' itwlf. On the other hand, to the
euBi, (leneral Buller drove the Dutch north in Natal, n-occupylng (Hen-
loe, Dundee and other places the British had abandoned the October
prectillng. By .May 2t»lh Natal was practieally clear of B<K'rs.
Fp to the llrst of June It Is estimatcil that the war had cost the
Fnglish government nearly £2nO,0(m,(MM) (|l,()0(),«(H),0Ot»), the ex|K'm)e
of trnnsiMirting 2(H>,(»(»«t men several thousand ndles and their mainte-
nance in u country which furnished nothing In the way of sustenance,
being incredibly larjve; and in addition to this was the equipment of
the largest army Kngland ever sent Into the held and the purchase of
an unusual number of large guns, (ieldpicces and nuichineguns, together
with vast stores of munitions of war. Oreat Britain had, altogether,
240,(I(M» men engaged during the rampaign (to June 1st ), of whom ulwut
1(»,(MI0 were killed in action or died of wounds or disease; as great a
nund)cr was invalided home, rthile something over 4,000 were taken
prisoners, the latter being sent to Pretoria, where they were confined.
.\bout r>,IIOO Boer Iroojts were taken prisoners, the majority of them
being of ticncral ("ronje's army, and sent with him to St. Helena. Thdr
losses ill killed in aelion and deaths from wounds approximated 10,000.
So far as is known lb<' Boers never had more than 40,(M)0 or 50,1)00 men in
the tield at one time, thousands tif tlio burghers fighting for weeks and
then going lioine for an eiiiial perit.d lo attend to their crops.
It was a characteristic of the Boers that after fighting heroically for
weeks under all sorts of discouragements they would suddenly abandon
an impregnable jiosltion and disapjiear like a flock of birds. Later they
would reappear in another place as full of fight as ever. However, It
could not be e.vpected of them that they stand out against such foes as
the English for any length of time after it was apparent that all hope of
intervention on the part of other nations had vanished. They had done
all that men could do, and further continued or systematic resistance
was nothing short of idiocy.
Thus vanished from the face of the earth two so-called republican
governments, which were so only in name, for the citizens enjoyed little
or no freetlom, had few rights or privileges, and were not willing to
bestow any upon people from foreign countries. In the ease of t'le T"au»-
y^3l p.,,,|'i,.„inj.!v. the •rovernment \>.is nn oligarchy, of which PrfMiiicut
Kruger was the head, he being vested with even greater an. I t-mV.! aaui
cratic power than any other ruler on earth.
mid, t«i the
lyliiK Oh'n-
he OttobtT
I.
ml COHt tllL'
\w i'X|K'nHe
«'lr mulnte-
sustenance,
iil{>nifnt of
puri-hase of
nH, tn(^ther
altogether,
kvlioni iilM)Ut
; HM KTCUt a
were taken
eontlned.
rity of tlieui
leua. TlH-lr
a ted 10,000.
I),0(I0 lueu In
r weekH and
8.
eroically for
nly abandon
Later they
riowever. It
Hueh focB a8
it all hope of
ley had done
ic reBlBtanoe
d republican
•njoyed little
)t ullling to
(.1 t'ic< T'-anB-
ich Prf'f'k'iut
.1 '■■ i/;\.- aaui-
-^i4^J^'
«>r>i*-,, 'I.
W- ^*^'"
■..■■^SSS^flw'k ^■'"^'^
NATIVK 111' IX UN AKIIK AS RVKT COAST.
CABTlNd WOOD ON AKKICA'S i:- ' i-<1
NATIVE VILLAdE ON AKRICA'S EAST COAST.
HE "VELDr" SUKROUSDINO J0HANNE.SBUR0
. . ,.<.--_,,- ju „« .1. ,„.„J2- Th« mnf. •«. hMvH" tlifttchea. the buiWinsis are square
NATIVE tlUlS On the Kast Coast, the dweiliu(s» or tlio uitlvcs =" =°°^Y"" "'"^'^' , ^n, 'i;!;,™ hn'r winff animals '"Cartine Wood.— A pnmitive cnuveyauce, yd the
instead of riund and are .urn,unded by tall bamboos in »>« '^.«Ef °' " '"" t° ffiVof^e Ca« C^tony The ^^ ^"for"«l i. couSJJed'n the forests Ld carried from door to d«jr,
only kio'l found on the East Coast. The ox is a distinct 'yi«vf£«"°^?,'J^VX;°^ii^?!fi„^^^^^ the .Tegular distribution of huts as seen in most Afnca.i villages of the
Z\y sufficient for the dav's consumption being *»»«'''•»»''"«• f???*^^^^ a view to saniUtion of a proper kind. The streets are har3ened and
natives, the inhabitants of this section have laiS out '•'e''/»l^!""f ""^ »*^'l,h »^^^^ villages. Panoramic Vfcw.-A stretch of the almost barren veldt outside the
STuX^' J^Ltlt;bC^'-"S--"i^Ji-^^^^^^^ usu^occ. py the few available stones and trees for Urytng their clothe..
if} I*
gC 52 5° B*°
8|«1i!'3.S|S.|
- o a o a »> B S 5
aj 5 P S ^ 'S._ « **
•^ ?> 5 a 3
tumm
i 9) 3
si « K e J e s.^
^•cS-S|o^oS
.2'C
g— Sosu.2.2 *
'SO . B w '13 « - £ I
5^ MBeQj04>(]Q,
zli-iS
5-C .fi8'"'5.g'.
« w ♦J t> ^ « 35 S 2 <
«•«
--7 l°»"Sl
.2«j''6>3-3Ui
8 g,aja )> fetj'g a
2« (3 5 * o B"*
5 S-.2.S Saifii
'""91 5 O O U 3
a S (io «,s e-R 2
. W *J.p- *^^ ©.♦' S
.SjJcdSooOo'"
ii "^ ■S -, « <P C '^ «4
Ba|-*|i5eS3
i « o s al E s.''
5^ f«.
p"|8il>,a£)oS
J i3 B « w
CENTRAL AVENUE BOTANICAL QARDENS.-On the right is one of the many hot-houses that are found V' «" P''i'o?JrL''witr,hffe;enf iwd^
the avenue the hedges of locust trees form a striking contrast to the cacUs, pine and guaya trees. The lawns are <l°"ed here and there with d.^ff^^^^^^^^^
other tropical tr«swlnlewitmn the hoM^^
Imck Sfu^'onh"s?rt'el7^1ms;;r;thef t'rce;:;;^^^^^ sun.- A favoruc pastime at nowaday is a .ide tUruu^U tUc pa.k. ;n »
ricksha pulled by a sturdy Zulu.
a
.sB
is -a
;s.2
S'aB;g
ISilB^
*!- a s*
ju - _ o g
F8.35 3
•§-Sg .1
.5 "-O 6,S
5 u 2 o " § g n «
.„iS .~ « u « S s
S5E52
IS,
1/1 " ao^ h 2 t^ " 3 -
• " u'S "JS 3*. " c
■§3l-.
cd a u t) A^
3^ g u i
gall ilaii
^n an almMk entirely different cUm to that found on the coa.t. The river* are swiftly coiiming over u.e «ony
Pgle aK^n^y reSed by tbedeaie bu.b wbicU iurroundi the murky pooU lo often k«d tn Jowcr N.Ul.
Immense tracts of land are under cultivation for the
tlen cover ten li> fifteen square
rnpical vejfetation. Here is
instead of slumbering amidst the
fl. '
i
iJ..
II < J
I'i
«!
5j
Em
O
g
!&•
\S'S3t
1 n .2 g-JS
1 ^ iT S "•
;|H.s
Llli
•S«1
^'-^^^^^
I
liU
^ ;.^
li*^^^-^'^
Jfci-k&-'.
3^
^U^^'-ii^
»
■'■-./.^U
\
■'A
4
WWI
"PpCH'-'-I^^^^^^^H
-_-..,, -.. .. ~.
THE riARKET, BLOEMFONTEIN Bloemfonteln, the capital of the Orange Free State, is a rather pretty little city of a little less than ten thousand inhabitants.
It is situated a little south of the center of the republic, on the railroad connecting Pretoria and Johannesburg with the seaports in Cape Colony It is therefore an
important town commcraniiy in atiuuiun i»t rt- •?»»!- -ffttfT- nr. -» ---ai ••» _^.->v.-mmFr.t, _ , n.- ii,iu.r;tiinn_ s*^."" * "^ ^ pj— i- ii.a.--T:. (;-^^_*_\'_^^_J_"]-'_'_^_'[_'^';,
an
T" tliis the
faraera TOmViong"di8tanM8^o'(llsMse"of" their pr'otlucts in much the iiime way as do the farmers of the older Europein countries. A B<»r'9 team is usually made up of
from (oiir to six span of oxen, wblcn number is necessary to haul the Urge wagons and heavy loads over the long stretches of unbroken veldt.
m
tji
m
\l'
j;B-S
S & B<
W ML (
t^jigar:
Eg
is,
E.S-
ill --2 E
< CJ3
CC^ U
? «-•«•>
l*J = -r
»."8--
"■S
Sir
-«^« =
, !«S
B.2 S o a S
■sl
kj- in** a w^ iaS.a
S.s5 "SSI
< ?2 ^ a -^s J3
jg - a
si!:illi?i
3 a B*^« »^ 8.12
a u n-^ -^ ****** M
1-
C J3
"I S- II 5.1 g
• S i s s - ;.
- - « ;:, £ 5 « = - !
11
w
Y^KfS^f^fjf
^S.c g a I V
2 Sll.nl §!
HILL STREET) BLOEriFONTEIN.— This is a view of a ratlitr rustic appearing nook of one of the principal streets of the Orange Free State capital. Bloemfontein
is a sleepy, suushiuy little place of about eight thousand inhabitants, situu'.ea ;<m a stretch of veldt heuinied in by hills so pretentious that they mav be called niouiitaiiis.
The hiiiii'.ings are of s misi-d architecture, being the old Dutch adaptei! to South African convenience. The presidency, or buildiug occupied by 1\!l' president of the
Orange Free Stale, is a rather pretentious building, the cost of construction ha-dng l)een alxiut JI(Ki,(JOll. When Lord Roberts entered the city, March Ki, the inhabitants
met him submissively and handed him the keys to the town. He established his headquarters at the presidency.
•c" S-g S.a
g2.|5.gg
um
r-j 5 go a *
;j a^ i,.2 O.S
THE HERALD OF THE DAWN.-The camnaign around Udysmith was one o, continued -^^VyJ^^J'ZZ"\^tot Z^^^J^^^^^^^^
^riiv The iilustrntion shows a group of Bntisli anuierymea worKi ih on.: v>i
nossesid of heTvVguns: poured shot and shell into th= British garrison "iV' I--^"'-"- ■.^K."";"^^^^ iult been fired at the Boer Position to draw out the enemy, .- ul the n.en
The^B^™ wiri^ » weFl iniriucUed that the tire of the British did but UUlc h.rm. wh.ie ou Ih. .th.. hand .h. Bt.t.a. .- _..r 1 . w , p.
Boen.
^ o 2 "5'a
=5:.o«s
o s C 2
a D n > ^ "
■nun
o >, "I— a
I re??
la
^°
ill
o
Si .
ta
•2 ^s
i!
£§1111
5
"Pill
A SANDBAQ FORT.— This illuitratiun »liow» the manner in wliich the naval brigade construcled samlbag forts for the protection of tlieir 12 and 15 pounder jjuns.
Our photograph shows the brigade from H. M. S. "Powerful" i«ady for action before Ladysniitli. The British under General White at Ladysniith were deficient in heavy
artillery, that of the Boers outclassing them in every particular, and had it not been for the prompt arrival of the naval brigade the British reverses would have been more
^^Pr^ In *i<* nianv enira?ec:ent5 had %'ith the Boers in the vicinity. The men of the nav"! nrigade were vood marksmen, and succeeded in silencing several of the Boers*
big guns, and thereby holdini; the Boers at bay until relief finally came,
l* i
O
88.
V 3
l§
|8S8S
« « > ^ ^
18.
Il«l
§5
S».a.S ™ 2 o-^-
"^ w * J3 rt *-
O 41 2 «■::' =
..._..^
1
: v ^-fc* -'■■fit-.
/-r-Tfli^tiWSipf: ■
i'
1
,
VJ;'. .
.:■■■;;; -^
^k. ^^^BM^ff-^ S* .^H^
_^ A
1
■'m
. 1**^*^., _ C %
■ ."*'■
•* i
*. :^ ■
•
■
■«h*-*m, «e« • '*^
PICKING np DEAD AND WOUNDKD ABOUND THE 0UN8.
THE DEVONS FIRING ON BOEUS RETREATING FROM PEPWORTH HILL.
■ r
mk
JL_
V^
H^^
""■^•IH
.-* .
M
■ .-:■ 1
w
^"""^j^^ ..•^*
'm^i^^
\-.
1
" *.
\
i ' •.C
r-"„ ■:jt
f
^'. ' '?
,1 . *?
€■ %^
i'
i
A 1 1
■H
»l^''
9'
£iJ 1
L
.- ■': ■' V ':- ..
_: ...
»»«:^>-^^t.
TROOPS BBTCRNING TO LADYSMITH CAMP AFTER THE BATTLE.
THE TIMELY ARRIVAL OF THE BLU&JAt'KETS.
(I.) AFTER THE BATTLE the duties of the hospital corps involve the collection of the dead and wounded. Our illustration shows the corps picking tip those who had fallen
rottttd thr gttii;^ ui inc battle of I.2U3'3mitb. (1.) ttefiefai WhUe'5 grtllanl aarjimil of thcBorr stronghold oil ?rpiTort:i Hill ctiusrtl the l:itttrrto rtrtrcai, which they ilid in broken or<!er.
The Devons, protected by rocks and boulderson a comniandiuK rid|;e, kept up an incessant fire, on the retreating Boers, killing and wounding uiany of them. ().) Late in the
Afternoon the British troops returned to camp at Ladysmith after a severe ilay'a fighting. General White bad attackeil three of the strongest Boer positions with great success. A
string of mule wagons with necessaries for a day's fighting had been waiting all day in the streets of Ivadysmilh for orders to proceed to the line of fire. They were not needed,
however, and returned to the camp when the troops entered the city. (4.) The Naval Brigade under Captain Lambton from II. M. S. "Powerful" arrived at Laclysinith in the nick
of time to save the town from bomiMrdment by the Boers with "Long Tom." Shortly after nine o'clock the Bioers opened fire at long range with this powerful cannon, doing
couaiderable damage. Half an hour later the blue jackets arrived with their big naval guns and speedily silenced the Boer gun.
w
ffl y ea 1, g
T3 OJS*
•o MS
Ml
S » 5 «; 8 g
w » *f M ,M
O = U
c3 u * « q
« a K «-
a
« 4rf :^ -
■BS5 J
g If) , u
rs JS ii
*'C T «
•5 !« C
■0«l8»«<'3 .Ov.
u 5 bcsB b « So*
as5S§§|S^§
-J
as
m
sa
3
Ed
H
Su
O
a
'^
«
o
is
b
O
n u n £ s
•* 9 c S o
^ u t3 C g
^ = S*li
o S " 2
8-11
iS * ^ •; «
"S 4) * * g
I -lis
•a beS
ail
I s •'
V V i^
!«£
5 c-
' B «) . 0.
S o » ;<
*'C - «
O *' j!
0.3 ~ 2 & =
'till?*-
^•S5m£
35 MS
•9.-S =■"
Is I
I "3 g,
J'
Is
•^ 1) S u
• CO **'C
o u S a
itU
d
•°-S'2
.Eg
■8* 111
s
o
BS
3
.si S 8|
. C u boa
■a » y's-o
is -s
I
4> « t.
O u u n
-§§£1
£^ >•''-:
^*^ rt rr
* S'S >
So o :::
Is o £ ■!
-.« »<£
1 »•=■=
O " « 5
5g2»
«£ '•?
* «sr,
_H fr
■- J-MuS « J (5.0.
lis III 1.111 J
v iii S o§
■s.3flOfe.
lis!
S u t- U
C -; a
ATHLETIC QROUNDS, CAPE TOWN.— In the struggle for the redemption of South Africa from savageirand barbarity Cape Colony has been foremost. lis
location at the extreme southern point of the continent made it the first to be reached by the early navigators. This gave it the advantage of early settlement. It hiis
iteadily grown in importance as a Ilritish colony. The capital and principal city is Cape Town, which is the leading seaport in South Africa. Cu))e Town has Iwcii
connected very closely with the war between the British ana the Boers. Not only is it the seat of the British Colonial Government in South Africa, hut most of the British
tr.-w.jv; Jisvr- hrrn Isiidri', ilirrr t!) Ik- sfnt intn thr interior, and it !ws !)crn .1 prominent place for detaining prisoners of war. The athletic grounds shn-A-n in ihr ilIH5ir.-i-
tiuD are used as a war prison.
A\.
V
1 1
1
h ''
^ BIB », "h- 3 •!"
CONSTRUCT.NQ A PONTOON BR.ME- A pontoon b^^^^^^^^ ^J^cS^-cTrri'^'piJJrs"^^^^^^^^^^ 5^l!r:;L%reCK^^^^^^^^
and anchored at convenient distances apart in a line across the s'"*"^;, . ^\™57" "?X " C transoorted Thrillustratiou Riven here is of a poirt on the Tugela River
-f;h'orSnerI^Xrt»:rruV'co"^^^^^^^ ^"""'"^
Ihtrse l>ri,!geB wvrtt used by Genera! B'lUcr in !<i« rmssiuKS of the Tugela.
5 f,
^^■^
g
i
^:!
HI
1
l^^HK
?„. ■'
■
1
ij v-a
= 2 a.
o.S n
■^ W '« *'
.5— S o
§•;
•s w I-
* 5 o
5 •*
a a sir
III
H ' {fl
iiis--
Sal*
S 5 ? J^ •-
■c2 5 3 -
u — ^ »•
o-g t-^ a H.S-a.a
s
^.S-a-2
01
111
« a J. 8.6
o - o S S
1 a
c
8 8 • "
lis:
,ti .* o
JIB'S «
* 5 o o
3 §•-
A «« ri M*
sis,- 1 III I
".Sn
Pi-
5 d-o
.2." "3
'§i
u o£t5 §£"88 o.i
5£ ' a *S .^^ ''
1
BWEPTION AT THE, PRESIDENCY nURINO THE BLOEMFONTBIN CONPERBNCB.
MEKTINU OF SIR ALF«BD MILNKR AND PRESIDENT KRUOER.
■'"^1W>* frf^^^H
)
1
'/I
jitiiBiL. 1
i-i ' ' ' . V
i\-':,)d. .' i; j& — -_ . ..—^
HILLOCKS BEHIND WHICH BOERS SEEK SHELTER IN ACTION.
I Africa, and President Kruger of the
pertaining to the British interests. President
d.v. iifrHi;I»hfi!^;!!l'i':I:%'i? for BOER TACTICS.-In warfare the Boers always find shelter from the enemy's bullets behind hillocks and kopjes, and lie concealed for
in iL reVr S .hJlLR.. .hf. .h *^' """J!? *"'' »««" of »!>« Bnt'sh. When in force the Boers are always mounted, and taking up their positions will "■kflee-halter " their horse*
m the rear of the kopjes that they may be near at hand should a change of position become necessary. e f i~~
.-.nv,.- •»^.,'';;ir'
* t;V>
^^^^,
i«g '^
3g
s^-g i-^
a.-S
5^1
>g§
' 00 '■" 4J O *■
:s 9
B.!
w* *
Hja-=i^
3 'S »^.2 „ - - B
5«a
^ §30
■S'S f.-3?l
a'S— P
£^H±'3 a Si's »
o 4 a£ J
^.2 as
o.^ as
5g.2t5-'?S
* H U 9 > *S_j
a.al ill
■S-9-i
m ii:
1
E 2_'-3 p 2 S
•c'S S «»'-s « &
S u „ u^ 55
a jx « s .5 ii „-
>s
sgllii
a.a5
8.5 B
BRITISH PARADE OUTSIDE OF MAFEKINO.
PREilDENT KRUdEB NOTINO TUB DEPARTURE OP A "COMMANDO" FOR THE FRONT.
FRITZ ELOFF, PRESIDENT KRUQKR'S
(IRKAT.tlHANI>SON.
GRAVE OP SIR GEO. POMEROY^OLLKY. * "*"'« CHURCH IN MAFEKINO.
riHKAT^lRANDSON. AMAJUBA MOUNTAIN. . , . ,
noDGinPNT k-ui mPO WITH ROnv OUARD notinir the denarture of a "commando" for tbe front. At functions of this character the prcsulcnt is always accompameu
has many adherents.
I1 11 3
U
V M VI
'g via
V a ft a
■c . a
S g m3 3 >>
tj ft O W w ■?
llUEUli INiirUCTlNCi UKlTiail KILLKU AT IIAME THEE UlLL.
COLONEL BAUENI'OWELL AND STAFF.
AFIKU THU FlUHT-TUK DKAO.
At IKK lllli I'KiliT-TllE UKAVKa.
APTBK THE BATTLB OF QAMB TREE.-The aggrrijale of the force eagagecl in the battle of Oauie Iree was a little less than two huuilreil; but sixtyoue men
uuly were concerned in the charge, of whom fifty-two were either killed or wounded; the casualties of the whole engagement being twenty- five killed and thirty wounded.
Of the ii«ty-one engaged in the charge but nint came back uninjured. These figures tell a story of a charge as gallant and heroic aa that of the bix Hundred into the
~ ■ When the men reached the fort and found they could uc scale it, they thrust their revolvers into the portholes and emptied the chambers, then sullenly
Vallev of Death. ,
and doggedly withdrew a short diitance and continued to fire into the f<. si until signalled from headquarters to retire;
battle are self-explanatory
The illustration given in connection with this
'a
(-, tfl S
a Tj
s •
" -18.
gE53»ia -*.2
.5 Sffl PLI «-2 r.
"wi- .— a5 > » 3
a S a
.550 P-H
li^ Ml
S 2 B >,"S.
S jj »> "ja
O c4 tf) to
'^ i w ^
1 2 o ,? i!
•2§.r
£'5§
III
g 'S a a 2 o a S
15
"^ *^ B.-
•B S k-
r:; BO >■ 4J •—
^■o " V 4
&<>»^
5.5 hi if"
p^niicilSI
y r^ fr^-ij y yj g i
U V C S vUl-S
3-0
a-B'^ b1
'•2 ^3
HAJOB PANZEHA INSPECTING THE POSITION.
BOERS FROM QAME TREE FORT.
A-
THE FIELD CORNET AT OAME TREE HILL.
COMMANDANT nOTHA AT GAME TREE FORT.
THB riKLD luu.-^Bi .11 ui«i>. ..."" _ ^l,lli^l i" C-me
AT THE BATTLE OP GAME TREE.-One of the fier«st battles of the south ^^^^^^^^
.<
l| IP
"•a
OB O
III
•Sa its
III ^i^»
Us*' a o c »^
* ^ig PI
•a : 117 6i
C9
SI
p
i.
s
B*Q .B<C.S!
-a W
s'~ G B <( S a.
a B n 01
?|-|
111
!-^
iPilil
sS'l'SiB''^
•8 : %u\
Si
•SsP
three mediaU men of the ship are br. Eugene Dodge and Dr. Harrv Heth Hodm"n ofNew Yo^ and Dr CharlprHen^ on the main deck The
ofthe-MiiBouri.-uiedaaaWlaleliip^durinKtee Spanish-Amefican waV. She has a crew of Vty and Co'on^l H^^^^^^^
the firat inat.nce in which the Britiri. anS Amen^n fla^fly aide by side over a rfiip. and i. indkatiVe of the &" f^uS^ ei^^LgTtw^^^^ *"'' "
l-i'*
Fit;
PI i
-.s 2.S o!!
SB -SIC*
O O « -^-r 2
.1* a t. 'tJ C3 *^ s
« 3 a ° ^s 5
U u !>.« 9 3 X
'*IS.i.S-2l
TBEaKINQ IN SOUTH AFRICA.
THE F1B8T THROUGH TRAIN IN NATAU.
80UTH AFRICAN FOREST 8CENS.
(1.) WAGONS TREKKINU.
VBOETATION NEAR DURBAN, SOUTH AFRICA.
: snd flnnded rivcH, the "trek-ox" of the transport riders is
Across the barren vtldt, throagh mountain passes, aiiil fonlitit; '''"■'^'ilpnt stri-a^
built i
bv native oirr-'ra 'who covere.l "he .liWan'rof^iTentyV.aies'ia^oueVlKl.t, passengers going by coach twice a week. . W Forest Scene on present site of D.:rban. The tineol.l
uy uayf%. V. , ^ ^_ ^ .» , _ 1 .,.„ .1 „ J .1.. ..» *1.A t.-^i nC f lia nufi.a Uaa lw>i>n mnvprt«.M into
trees have bit
veptBtion ataTund^'alding much to the uatural beauty of the scene at the enUaiice to tte Bay
~,n*lMnflv seen wendine its weary way. Travelling by niKht anil resting Juring tTie heat of the clay, they cover long stretches o country with the loads of merchandise for the
fSfrt«. or th^"nTer"o" (" ) Flnt ■trough Train from Durtan to I'ietermariuburg on the line of the first railway guilt in Natal. Hefore the o,«mnK of the line, mail was .sen
traders of the >|'«'-ior^ covired the .li.tancf of seventy miles in one night, passengers going by coach twice a week. (3.) Forest Scene on present site of D.^ban. The tmeold
- 1. I T.:«, lia„,li.r„ „i,Jt« tX.it>1p and ihe dense iunnle at the foot of the Berea has been converted into the Botanical Gardens, exhibiting a remarkable and luxuriant
t^wth^of tropical ve«fat"?„"''(")'^hSth4w^^^^^^ A^ong the Top of the Bluff which acts ». a natural breakwater to Durban harbor, the most luxuriant
» ._.> i.„.-j- .X4: «..^v. *n tti* natural K*>antv of (hf> KTpne at the entrance to tu<
ill's H^g'-s
11^1 1 sill
'S
2*
S
<•-•= « a P s|
uic* bog o « frg5
at* as ■-■3 a
Pa .
•^ Q Sj . )
a § S* «-a «2 s
S<0>W B'g'C C ti et
A SIEQB TRAIN.— The photograph shows the manner in which the guns of a British siege train were placed and operated during an engagement with the Boers tKfore
Ladysmilh. On the right is the howitzer on wheels, ready in case of emergency to be quickly transported to another position to command a moving column. A number of
small machine guns are placed on the left to cover a retreat, and for service particularly in an assault bv the enemv. The British breastworks won. inarv.ia r,f ^!,oia-enD"
skill uud were cousliucted on llie most approved principlf s for military tactics. I'he magazines or ammunition cellars were so constructed as to be secure from the enemy 's
shells, while ready at hand to supply the guns rapidly. To facilitate action, a iine of rails was laid and a strong iron truck run up with additional supplies of ammunitioD
Iniiae Um bnutworlu the ground wu leveled and alt obstacles removed so that :*te gum cuuld be quickly moved from one point to another without difficulty
I L
1
lili
^M
'
m
-^*
U« ^ ^ u
Sate £•5 «
ofl a*: >.* .,
ff 5 o i o « _
H S B* «5^
.2-s a« ^
U« >^| « R S H
8 a 2 oiJ'' *
RED CROSS AMBULANCE TRAIN.— The Red Cross workers have been active on both sides in the South African war. In a war involving such intense feeUngs
much suffering would go unallevialed but for this non-partisan orgnniialion of mercy. The illustration shows one of the hastily and crudely constructed Red Cross trains
built at the railway works at Pretoria, the capital of the Transvaal, for the use of the Red Cross among the Boer forces. The scene is one of the most pitiful resullirg
from modem war?ai«. The train has arrived at the hospital, and the wounded Boers are being led and carried out to be taken where they can have such care as can be
afforded in war times.
\-m
^'\ ,
1
4»'i
H''
■||i
'
K'
•3° a
1 a I. C-o J BE
J 5 c 5
1 J. o a
■
Ami III
UKUT.-0KN.8IB OKORQIt WHITE, COMMANDER OP BRITISH F0RCB8 IN NATAL.
KKNB AT A BBCBDITINO STATION IN CAPE TOWN.
LIEUT-QEN. SIR aEORQE WHITE on hU favorite cham. r following the line o[™"^»' bi»~{S?^^A°*^n'lSl'*of tldr s^
Udyamith from the effects . f the poisonous grass of that district. The officers were f""?. ^istttignUhedby the B>era on acconnt oi ineir supe
singled out bv the Boer sharpshooters, notwithstanding that the uniforms worn were of khaki, as were tiiose ot t ne ^"J'^- . ^ patriotic spirit of the Colonials truly
* RECRUITINQ STATfON AT CAPE TOWKI. a scene .t once inspiring and sug^stive of, the horrore^of jartare._^.^ine^P«n^j^^.J y_^,^__^^^^,^^ ^^^^ rendered
manifested itseit when the call to arms waa sounded and thousau.j, HocJ^ed to tac ^-=7 ^^--vP^? '""V^' '^-I" 'f _, ' u "distance to the British commanders,
gallant service at the front in the engagements with the Boers, and especially for scouting duties have they Seen ot mucn assisiangc
fl'l
Itfih
yti
•sg,
6. V -2
:§ Ji
5'Oi
s^
C« ^•'
PS=i£
U ^
V -E^l!!^
'S5 SS
■st&.z
~S§»
o 3 .•
:'o582>---
'S.t:i
rti
>S
S.Sl'ISi
"Is ., S
?
la
■ og^^^S
fi " a 3 a ►•S
a u ^ p-s ^.H
s « * S 5 *'•=
Sj S J! 0^ M *
^' at e| nI *
E i: cnji 7 3-^
H o ,,« £s '
•«-<*. 4j a H»"^
«■«,*« 2 >,
■ '" •'El
TROPICAL VEGETATION OF NATAL.— What could bt more beautifully illustrntive of nature's bounty than this scene of the botanical Rarilens of Durban? 'n
no other cuuntr:*' in the world is the foliage so rich and so varied as in NaUl. Bcs- le the dwarfed pineapple plant, the stately towering date-palm shades, the broad-leaved
banana tree, which in turn is hidi«K its base behind innumerable species of cactu jOants and diminutive rubber trees. The photograph shows a portion of the gardens
where the vegetation isallowed perfect free<fom of growth without any form of cultivation. This is done by the authorities in order to determine the relation of the
differeiit *>Iants and trees to escn other, ?;hile in another 7:^71 each c!ix3a is raised entirely hv it'^lf The botanical '^rdens at Diirbsn cover tie>>rly two hundred acres, and
in point of natural beauty and pictureaquenew cannot be excelled. Grsat care i» taken in preserving the natural vegetation, and a careful study of all indigenous plants
made by Covernment botanists.
m
t .1
,i " r 1 .
war. The
on of heavy
low kopjes,
he flavor of
of the chief
pplies from
!ll^i.
aent i
anspo
bush
Natal
ruit is
ng th<
sopromi
din the ti
be dense
in lower
of the f
ts oVtaini
hasbecom
sh troops a
tages from
may be see
cultivatio
rican colon
that
eBriti
advan
trees
The
heAf
i
us river
ce of th
many
banana
Indies,
ole of t
S'.
111^.^1
2
•2'S'S|=*i
o
^
*** u- q
a?
3
It
head waters of
any difficulties in
e to the Boeis, w
nense 6elds of th
th America and
ted to England, a
mm
.2»S ^«B
S-gb-sri
II I
alia- 1
I pill
1^8 III
5
O
i
I
555 ^51
* 9 « b5 «
C > ."s «
8.0 £-.2 -8
•Mm
5iSft**>
s a
3.2
O j^
IT 1^ 2
0; 11 H
•His
5j: .f. sj:
i H rt
a 3 w
B ««
U
" •/,
4j _. 3
e 2f 3 ojr;-
C 5 g = cH
•r C g o a
.^•5 H S S •/!
"K J 3 ^ 1. ti
p 3 .« i ;> 3
"-. C ■'5 .— „ 3
S^ tJ lA 3 8
b-i;25
, «
""^ 1. *
U
c 1. «r°
- c.^ J = S- a
C ; Q Qt.i 1. ^
o_ «>=-»,
3 M-- O U 0.0
5 E 5 a.2 « u
S_ " -*" -5
Of 373 Hj oj o'Tj
•r a
hBJ!
W\^-
mil
•a "-S ou
-■c'5-
S " «
05
ii
*13 O C M
o »i S
M 8 rf o K «
8 5 8 _ s n
•- £ .6.2
b aig n Ji u
•s-s.sisiii
•9 E-" Si -
~ =^ sssg
■5 ^ ~ Ji o o
.ll'-S.s"'.
Hill
•1 ^
Wm o C a
.41 . D. 3
S *2 £ C
? 5 3 ^ fl^*fi
*^ o o o S
*g ♦J B -1 ^ X
*-j . 8 » s
>MI1 o S « >
•u », o1« 0.2
^ c ;3 £ «
Spiio?
tL « ft 0« y
H - ■" E " fl
'•=J« £.2
•"US'? a
!'« " Si
11- a
bb u ^
.5.= ■7. S
o — 3 a^
" c 2-
>»p u 1, u
" - 5s a
w »*, •* (/;
« .s 2 c.
c 5 - tf; 3
u rr - « -yi
■-is, ~' i ~ " i
£•= 1- ^.•S'='5.-z I
^'^UC'^^ ® 4J 4;
u i^ "C E- S i
£5 §.= . .= r S«
^ ■- ^ = O .= -r iJ ^
ISa'SZ Sis"
££e-i-.2o.« =
U. X
It *•
"/lis
ui ^s=H i: e = u
Z -"- ic Z o c N .5
&0
- SfHS-
£'S s. 6 o >»2
»j< S<S.c |t
'1^
ti5|
Z'ca
I I
= .22
■CH
n
lot li.i
.2 81 -1
rr'-a
£•0 »
z£-2 si
2 —
=32
u-2 U1.S 2
>i!j
.1 ?• « O. B *
^.5;
Ik
•C S a
'D ^ 5 •=< J
Sri -Sti.i^'-C
at 4>^
£•5 ^
S ^ ^
a <u o
•s g 10 «j .S .a T « j<
P s iS* 5t3 g- >
s e3>.a?s:.5|
'^ 64^2 Sg it o a
rs'g:- i-^igas
«'~2-o'S o §.>.« °
.c o e:s 1 u « o w jj
>^-e3_, saEBou
osSg SS..2^u
-S 3 a
.S-r oji "
- - *- 4J M
^J3
e .ii a 41 r^ **■ 3 - be
aS-
Ul
(fl o oj r. "
f n£ o R ^ ;■. t
■Sx St' "i^
li
_ - °-=
>£ S S °
o it s " «
S!
- " 5 =
•e " DTI a ti M
« o iic.2 ^ J: a u
■S 5 o € S < « 2 J
<2-
j rt
-Is'--
. _ ji 2 It oS V
«^-'
Ilia ki
2 3
- .0 u-a
aai- S!.?-£
! >^'r: rt 1* w 2
i-3j'2 a i* "t!"- —
_.,HH
it Jr •" X *'
i^ jsq 4, g b :
■ \ 'l.'
;:|
a 9 S a 9 « i>
C d — ■" *^ i>
_ - - ' « o
= g at; M.iW
t g = |.sE.o
QSmSB£u
""tele's;!
■ " a
'n ■
t
(I
f . .\'
jst-
S(4,-°2^j<-, .-
m
E-
m W^i^B&i ■
'J..--
'St'
,6»i
IS-rgi!
811'
•s;a
J ga I
S- 8 * ,
£ ■ - » 18 -g I
:jstfii
a** I
SI
si:s
sS'^'S
i*'3§^-s,a
111
u »
3^ o S-Sii "
la
i Q beg
U-:
£§■§8
:g"li
His
^!lB^
mil
5 "! Soinz S ,.£-T'
■■^i-B-
2t|l
l:i|
■■= S'O
ill 4lll
-Ja5 a_ »S fr"a
<s
3
-5 1^1
■ d3
filler
.% I'
5 0- • 2^
ji 3 5 !c55i
|5l!||l
bJm^.
Hi
s ; cA. s ^ j:
c be « '■ -
a. 2 J
■15 nr
> * o p -
S S 2 • s.-=
I -C B 1) "■
i'liill
m3
^ a o M n *
3 S 2 o £(5
•°3 Si! .2 «
.. 08 u *^ bCSt
I « ills
B3.2 1^3
o 9 (a ^ *
3tA
lis §s
or a cup of its muddy water.
f' i'
'fh
.', /
II.
B S 5'g u a a
J' s :o c| cue a • J
■S 3^.2,,; • i », _S Ss'2
s ,s a-a.ao'c g!^
g*eeg|
•.?*» 2 «--2 2I9 a*
■a u S
•a"8 B 5 "
£»|S||538* III
SSilisllHll
6.i« 0.S s.s sa
41^ tj
fl_ rt
:|
2 -a% ,
a o p,2
: „• ^ 8 « a '
os-^Mti»' tSa
S* 9 w*^ So- a • a
mhdm
4
,11
Mi
j'-^mfMu^'*.
tl',
11 .i:
* i vV *
»^%^
.v>
.•♦»«•»»♦*"
veley, showing also a part of the track of the
w«m.- -..-/---■•-'"•-■■;-":■-"--" 7 -J-:.:-.u-^.i...„c.-.!.-n.nan..in.n„ th., north 8iae ol me .an>ou» .ugda River. Camp Chievdey is located south of
vaiiroaaiuuiiiug Ironi Dnrnan to i,adv:2juri, «n■^ ... ..-. "'"~"=r -'" '^•-,^-,r;-^--i„_ i,,. ettorts to relieve Gcueial Wliilc, who was Bcnicgca mi-ituyjiiT.t..^ ..-.—-.
Ladysmith, anJ is one of three camps that were occupied by General BuUer during msenor^^ chicveley. When, early in December, Genera
two camps 'were Camp Frere, which is focate.l south of Canip Ch.eveley, .nd Camp SpriDKf^^^^^ relieving force of atiut 25,000 men of all arms. General
B.iller move.l to the reUef of Ludysmith, he estabhshc-l his headquarte™ at Camp Frcre "»"^ "„,K^'J';,„,ber, By the middle of December General Bullcr was ready to
yn- ",. „« cooped up ra Ladysmilh with about 10,000 men, liavmg been hwKXS^d aiuce the sim oi jNovcmut ^
CAMP CHIEVELEV-This illustration is a reproduction o! a PhoI-^'Pli tft/^^^f Jb^^P^Jf^^S']^^^^^ TugTa Ri';err"ca"!np Chierekyls i^ted ^-uthof
move,
recently
of elev
within I
puller 1
part of the track of the
ivcley is located south of
n LnyysiiVttii - ' "^ r.t,.:tr
iy in December, General
!n of all arms. General
neral BuUer was feudy to
move. He had advanced his attacking force t. Camp Chieveley with a view of crossing the Tugela River and driving the Boers away from I,ndystnitli. The British had
recently suffered severelv through the reverses of Generals Gatacre and Methuen in the west, and were looking to General BuUer to restore the valor of their arms in
a-.-.:;h 'fr:.-:: fVn.-r=! P.r.!!.-=r .-rr.=si=.H the T'igp!» Riv-r sr.il r.,-.iii *!,» Rtisf-U, hy.!. wa5 frigiitfiiliy repiil^i, ~n'\ en the l.'ith of Urcr^^^Ur 7,-'r.>rH .-1 t<-. ti-.e wsr..ffire the l.>ss
of eleven guns and a cagtmlly list of 1,11'.) men, killed, wounded and missing. This was a terrible blow to the British people. Three generals had been defeated
within a week, and. in each I ase, apparently owing to the samrhUiiidering failure to iiroperly reconnoiter a position before attacking it. After this repulse General
Puller returned across the Tugi-la River to Cl.irveley Camp, and ijie illuBtrallnii thowa lliut camp after his return.
> ! I '
7m
I'M:^: ll.
1^1 ill
q . >. £} flilt
a VO o'cn O .
*- C **- ■ s '3 2
¥i
S u ^ ""be ra
U)
main
I
'fiiili
•spill
§-s|S:|p
.-Si .«•£"
"iiiriii
POLICE KOPJE IN RHODESIA.
POLICE KOPJE — Scattered throughout Rhodesin, the Chartciio Company's police have established their camps on kopjes, or low hills, in the vicinity of the
Kaffir kraals. Roagh wood and irou houses are provided for the whites, while the native police occupy the usual hut. A month's supply of nrovisions is kent at each
lUver in kliodesia. The hi
of the sun. The river
'he hoapiul is an unpretentious building of mud and reeds, with a heavily thatched roof, which serves to make the wards proof against the fierce rays
being flooded in the rainy season necessitates the camp being made upon the rising ground some dictance from its banks.
irir
si
gin
a-p
:•!
go
■3 S
as-;
!^ c
ex o c
""I
<T3 . a
2i- p
* — o
1- U (fl
oH S.
S^ o
til
<S2 «
< «5
K ^ o
tJS ■»
< — • 4)
at vif
tA •C3
IL V
0. "4,
o cu
COLLECTION OF CUBI08.
INSIDE FOBT WVLIE.
BOEB TEENCn.
COLLECTION OF CURIOS.
BOEBIBENCai
Jirouml LHdy-smiTh: "TheT.^o"s1nclL\%"ipiu"o[l7n&u/^^ "'•i-^J' the ?P^^ Picked un during the campaign
part of this fort shown hm is a bomb-proofhouse made of rocks and r^f«f nv.V rfl '-^ " "c^"^"^ ^^ *?"""',• *'■"'«'■ ammunition, etc. Inside Fort Wy lle.-TBe
give a good idea of the plan of construrting sand-bi forts ^e t^nTi. .C, c. 5 .T* ^ ' ^^ protection from shells. Boer Trenches. -These two illusUationl
Bullets cad not pass, this affordinga good Irotertto^IgrinstriflVfi".^"'""''^^ ''"P- '"'' o" l"* f™" ^dge iaa tow of saiid-bags. through which 11.6*^8
8-: all
■c „* 2 -
°^^^1
2-' &§ 5PS
I 11^ II
ill 11
^ ^ ♦- •- x
,„ -1.55
I ill SI
2 n P 8
y *» U " ^
t-.3 •='S-s
w .a o 5 -S o
.S J3 •* it
OKAVE OP LIEIIT.COL. NORTHi .)TT.
AFTEB PAAKUKHEBU.
PBI80N FOR BBITISH OFFIPKH?,
UOKH TKENCHE8 AT PAABDEBEBa
nbe? 28 He wifb^Jd^L SnOTrn>e7'*?C P- Northcott, who w« 'on Lord Methuen', ...ff, «„Ui„ed in ,he battle of Mo^H »• «
VemDCr -.>,. -*». »»»a UM14CU iitsnr luc uauK oi l
^.
IMAGE EVALUATION
TEST TARGET (MT-3)
^ *■}
%* ■^ #^
1.0
I.I
u
lit
1^
13.
■ 4.0
■ 22
12.0
1.8
II
1125 i 1.4
1.6
150mm
>4PPLIED^ IIVMGE . Inc
.^= 1653 East Main street
.s^ ^ Rochester. NY 14609 USA
.^as-j5 Phone: 716/482-0300
>='.^= Fax: 716/288-5989
1993, Applied Image, Inc., All Rights Reserved
4>^
f\
1^
/^
o o 8
BETWEEN TWO FIRES. This illustration i» of an incident in tlir famous march of General I'rcMch to the relief of Kimberlev. The relief column concentrated at
Random and then advanced on Watervanl Drift, on the Riet River. LeavinK his wounded men and some guns at Riet River, General French hurried on towards the Mod-
der Between (he Riet anil Moilder Rivers the B.R.rs attacked the column on the flank, but the British guns promplly opened fire on a hillside. While the BritUh gun-
ners were replying to this attack, the long grass surrounding the artillery was accidentally aet fire to, . nd ii blazed all around the guns and horses, causing considerable
trouble. The heavy shell fire was maintained, however, and the Boera driven back.
x\tS
Huh
mil
II
is
■«'lll
A. CD O 9
m
•s.a| 0--3
73 B«2*§*Q
■■^:f %
j^^*i^-
-^ f
>#
• aS'all
BOBR PRISONERS AW AITINQ REMOVAL TO THE COAST.— Thia illustration is one of a part of the men wno made such a gallant sUnd with General Cronje at
Paardebeig. I'or more than a week the llotra had been shut up in their trenches along the Mo<lder River, fighting against heavy odds and the inevitable, for every day
ITS ..Ti...*.. ....*- — .^T^ •.t^rwt, * ..~v . «•• .,nri (((.-Tft- £ *. .» .«! «»...•;.- -n. .. T>;7.-rF<i , r... .,3ry ... , •» tin i...,. «..-..- ...... .n..t.-.*rt. i ffir-H, w((.» yr»-(fr riWt»ir»; rmtj tTJllimalKitri
after being brought into the British line^ One of these- commandos is shown in the illustration. The men sat almut in groups talking, and many of them seemed more
pleaaed than distressed at the sarreoder. The prisoners were later transported to Cape Town, where they will be kept until the war closes or until they are exchaoged.
A TRUCE ON SUNDAY AT MAFEKINU Muiiy Iwautiful nturies arc afloat uf liow tlir pickets durinK the Atnericiin Civil War met iHitween tlie linen ami trailed
tobacco and coffee and lielil frieiidiv conversaliim. anil ilien returned to their iXMts to twRin shootinK at each other; hut one would scarcely think that this sort at thinK
would occur in the South African war. The illustration, however, shows an incident of this kind. A truce had lieen declared at Mafeking and was observed during Sun-
day. A detachment ot liie Ikiem appriwciietl ilie Brili»Ii oui|K>»t uu.I held fiieiidiy i:ouveiiialU.ii with llic Bruisii ulil!£ Binokiux tiitir pipe». A tj!iolu)(i.tpUcl tiUti to tucua
a camera on the group, but the Boers were suspicious i>f the lanifrn, and aeCQied to regard it as a machine that might poaaihiy turn into a Maxim gun.
traded
thiiiK
g Sun-
VOLUNTEER CAVALRV ENTBRINQ LADVSMITH.— Wlien Major Gouuli nxle into Lailysniith with his two squadrons of Natal Volutiteers, the lonf; besieged
Sarrisiin went nia<l with delight. The streets were thn>nKeil with crowds too eniotioiial to shout. Relief had come after 1 18 days. Sir George White and his staff rode
own to meet the relieviUK force, and as the Imperial I.iKlit Horse ami Natal Carbineers filed past him in the main street they raised cheers that will never be forgotten by
those who heard them. The garrison had been reduced to living on starved mule flesh, and had but very little of that. The hardships which the people and garrison of
Ladysmith hore during this period, and the heroism they displayed, ate almost unparalleled in the history of sieges. General White made a pretty speech, thanking the
iier>j>tr »Hm the friicViRg '•'VCr.
THE UlSPKNSARY.
A WARD.
THE ALEXANDRA WABO.
THE OPRBATINO TUEATBK.
PRINCESS OF WALES' HOSPITAL SHIP. -The English 1iuM>ital sliip, "Princess of Wales," was bouxlit hv private subscriptions from those wlio were charitably
inclined towards those who went to the ffnt, Th<> ship wm equipneil bv the Princess of Wales, in whose honor it was named. The craft is larue enoUKh to accommodate
1S6 patients. The ship left for Africa in December, hut was twice' cUlayed in iUrttng— HrBt by a defect in her boilers, and again by a coliisioii near Tilbury. She waa uu-
iniured by the accident and finally reached her destination. The illustrations given are of the dispensary, the operating room, and two of the principal wards, all located
Mow deck.
I>1y
ted
THE MANDERS FLYINQ AMBULANCE CAR.— The four-wheeled army regulation ainhulanceii, ilesiened for Uiw with Infaiitrv, are unsuited to rapidly tnovinir
troops. Horace Mandera, V. R. C. S., a iiie<lical officer in the British service in South Africa, des'f{ned two-wheeled cars, which are so constructed that they can move u
rsj5...!jr =s .-=v=!rv sr,.-". .-sr. Srsv«'! =;V.iir-r*r !■"?— Sf?;"»ry rsn g" T'iiiriir ■v.ii-i-jstvf s vrr'ii vriiliiiir'i "'•••'.v, iti wtiieii :irr piacr;i two stretchers, aii supp>'<rti.': «ii carri&iie
spring*. An awning is provide<l to be used when required. In the centre isa reception (or splints, dressing and the like, wl>"- •" either side are four comfortable seats
These cart follow the fighting ••■•» • teady to pick up the woundeil as they fall,
*."^ ,■ >'
'm-ri
.rf**-^?!'
:*^^«*-^iy
..>«C?*i.
tr^r-
*'^'
JH^'tPS^.
/ .^
■V** V
ir^ tt#'
PROQRESSIVB JOHANNESBURQ -The Towa In ISS9 and Ta>day. NoiliinK couM Iwtler depict tUe woiulerful ami reniarluible Kr.iwlli of tliia Oolden Cltv tlian tlie two piioto
graphs on these |>agfs. But ted year* liavi- rulleil liy since the area if \V'itttwaler«ranil was a prairie, an open countrv,-wil<l and practically uninhabited. Scientific research revealed the
gold hidden in the veins of conglomerate ore beneath (he aurface of the barren "veldt" and then the ru»h to the fields was commenced. In IhUb the influx of populatioti indicated to the
Government the possibilities of tue wonderful deposits of froldbearins reefs that seemed to lure the wealth of the civilized world, the area waa laid out as a township, an<l in 1H80 the veldt was
■ icattered villa((e of tin and iron shanties, with an occasional' 'majestic" store of brirk and iron. With the inrush of speculators and mercantile pursuit* these rude, makeshift claai of "local
haUutions" quickly disappeared and became absorbed in more pretentious structures as the needs of the population increased.
The gold industry fncreaaed by leap* and bounds, syndicate* plentifully *upplied with capital entered the field, commerce and trade iocreucd many thousand-fold, and these nagnifi
cent building* in ibe buaines* *ection, with equally fine *tructures for residences, are the result of the enterprise of the asgressive Uitlanders. johannesburn i* no mu*hroom town, •■ the man\
Imposing an
commerce.
e»er evinced
and a climati
in tb* world
by clectridt;
aaid that "Jc
of tha nincta
I' tlian the two pnotn
research reve»lcil the
atioti indicated to tfar
in trW the veldt was
Iceihift clan of "local
d, and these magnifi
•m town, aa the man\
ImpoiinK srchileclural creation* will teatify. It has K'""") •" •» ">»« of <•>' womlers of the world and has Iwcomc the cynosure of all iiillons. It is one of the leaders in the world's
commerce. Music and the drama of Ruropc furnish all the ailvantaKes of public amusement in all its branches. While the Government has had many difficulties to contend with, it has
erer evinced a desire to push forward its interests and advance its welfare. Mandsome streets, many "ine hotels, an abundant water supply, beautiful villa residences with attractive gardens,
aodacHmateunrlvalledforitspurily of atmosphere and heallh-Kivinxqr ., , render Johannesburg, vilh its present Kuropean [Kipulation of W.iKlO souls, one of the most reinarkablr placis
in tht world, when its youth Is considered. The city enjoys most, if n «i , of the modem acquisitions to be found in older cities. Us streets, buildings and even residences are lighted
by electricity; its railway facilities to the Colony, NaUl and Delagoa B»> a~i. unrivalled, while its street car lines give facility to passenger traffic to all parts of the city. Tnily has it been
aaid that "JohanuMbuni at it ii to dav, the center of the greatest gold field in the world, is u town that being impossible in the early days of the world's great ruabes i* distinctly a production
ot tha nineteenth eenturv." *
THE DEATH-TRAP AT PAARDEBERa.-ThU illustration ii a reproduction of a photograph uken during the brief aiege which pi«cede<l the surrender of General
Croiiie, February 27, and shows the bed and bcnks of the Modder River at the point where the hottest figlitlnR was done. It is particularly valuable as ahowinir a line of
breaatwnrks were thrown up for temporary use. This was done while under Boer fire, and was as exciting as it was dangerous. In this way the British D-act callv
crawled and fought their way up to the Boer trenches. The Canadians were particularly stubborn in their relenJekti advance, winning glory in the campaign.
r
*
.,. ■• ' ■•'
-\ T'^'aiprfwjfw'"^"^^'
^^ . '
" k '
^.^
r •
.i^
^fS.
J^'
1
I' ft
'" •^■.'%f'5^** , ■
#«
\
*%il|^.ti ^.i,.^^^
:
«
;**
.#*
•
"
!Of
lew
Illy
BRINQINQ NEW5 OF THE RHLIEF OF L ADVSMITH. -W'hea the advunce «|ii«lrons c>f the relief force canilry, uniler Major CouBh, arrived unexpecteilty oo
the evening uf I'ebruary J)*, Mr. Monel Jamea, the Times special correspondent, starte<l with a native guide to ride through with the news o( the relief. A deluge of rain,
•ccompanied with a terriffic thunderstorm, 6lle<l ttie spruits and considerably increased the difTiculties of the journey. Mr. Jnmvs narrtiwly escaped capture by the enemy,
asthe rough paths whiih he followed led him through the enemy's bivouac at the foot of Middle hill. The Boers were at work moving a big gun when he passed. At
davbreak he stumbled uixin an outlying picket of Sir Rc<lveni Buller's force, commanded by Lieutenant Ward, of the South African Light Horse, and he thus succeeded
in^ieiag the arat man tiiruugii wiiii iiie news ui itic leiicf.
s^?^^
Is.'
y 11
«-.S V S •
J- » o
s-*"*-! Is IP'S
OB S':; ^ fit U'tr.^
i a «c s <= ' " o
so •: "irSaoJS
5-0 •
2g|
^ 5 - r ?^ - Q.t5 V ^
»'^wyW«yi*g'ffiJf«[iff;iH|iW!
111! -11^ el
9.
I
'■U
id?
bcv
■a •" > S 13
e 2 ^.= s
Z^O m, U "2
W -M V « tfl
Jii If if
S«» be- HH.HO
got «j o-S « 5
'^ •^•=;u8,i^■9
iSl,a.o>i
ilii
1
3 y.a. L „ .
.2 JO 5
i»
Wie'S-Su, tile's a
i » s s _ Wj .sS =
y^
.' ■ ' • ■• '
-;•■-■ . ■ '
V" . ^-
k
"■^'^*
■'"^%ll
iP6^
/u::'
,^'4^'"":^^^
•^« „.,*■.
^^B|
^^
i ^- ■
'
^1
1
1
i
» V-
■ 7<. •
i
*^-^v.
"
•
- ^
\
■■. # ■ ■ •
!
'
ZULU HOriESTEAD.- A native kraal and Imls in Zululimd, built on Itie side of the bill to avoid a wash-out by the heavy rains that often flood that part of the
country. A wall of slonc and cluy almost surroaiKls the upper end of the kraal, while the lower part is open. The large enclosure in front of the huts is the cattle-kraal,
where the cattle are driven each evenine to protect them from the depredations of other tribes. The chief, with his wives, lives in the large hut at the top end of the
enclosure. As many as six families, numbering perhaps thirty jiersuus, will occupy a »iiigle hut, there being nu ventilation besiiles the low, narrow entrance, in rainy or
cold weather the fire is made in the center of the hut, tlie smoke finding its way out at the doorway. The natives do not seem to object to the dense smoke that fills the
huts when obliged to remain indoors. Near the base of the hill is a small patch under cultivation, corn being principally raised and on which the Zulus mostly subsist.
A kraal of this size shown in the photograph would contain a tribe of four or five hundred natives, and there ar« thousands of such scattered throughout Zululand antt
Natal, each liaviog its own chief.
• E V II n a_ g s"
•J 5 J'oxa V, o o"-
m
ri
V-'^f^sl fit's "8
•a 2 « J la
Si"
jg J) « n «_, 8 n"
©oi
jSlts
PhJ?''?"'^"'*^^^*"*?®''"? SCHUUR.-Cecil Rhodes; home at Cape Town is called Groote Schuiir, and is one of the oldest residential orotKrties in Hi,. tn.„ M,
Rhodes has owned the place ten years. A few veara ano it was destmved hv fire, hi.f »». .» na™ r-bui>t on » u-r-e .1-!--,'-.= Vfi^ ti ^ ^^^ ' 'i'* "*"' "';
iiUu a pleasure report and thrown" open to the ciiizens o"t the town. Mr. Rhodes ims here a colfec"tion~of wild an"iinils valued a"tha\f a mil iAn'^d!^?!^!' "'YL .° '^""""^^
cartiivorous animal to 1« found in^uth Africa is here represented. Mr. Rhodes has thrown open the C^ and s^oC"s as a hosnItS fo? w^^^ . u"°'' 'it''' ■?,'"'■
trauon ., of the steps leading to the house. Udy Edw.rd'cecil and Udy Charles Bentinck, wb^se husbandl wereTonnded at MaTeldig" arisen ^ ^iS^^. ^'" ""*
TABLE OF
CHAPTER I.
Stni'tlini; Phases of tlu' War 17
IIIAPTEH 11.
Till' African ('(intineiit and the llistor.v of tiie Sontli African
Ucpiiblic, 111' Transvaal 2r>
<'I1APTKK 111.
The Oranfje Free Slate, anil Miiw It Came to be Wiped Onl of
Kxistenee 45
("IIAl'TEK IV.
The IManiond anil (Jold Treasures of the Transvaal and the Orange
Free Stale ->»
("IIAl'TEK \.
(Veil Hhodes, Builder of an Einiiire '. . <il
("IIAPTEW VI.
I'anI Krufer, President of the Hoer Heiiiiblii- f<l
t'llAPTEH Vll.
The Men who Enriehed the Transvaal and their Disfranehiseinent
bv President Kriiner 101
("llAPTEH Vlll.
('oiiteiitioii of England and the South African Hepublic l{e};ardin{,'
the Convent ions of IS.**! and 1.HS4 10!l
CIIAPTEH IX.
•lust Hefori' the bloodshed Hepin IIH
CIIAPTEK X.
First FifTlitiny; of the War V2Tt
CIIAPTEK XI.
The IH.saster at Nicholson's Xek as Told bv General Sir (Seorjje
Stewart White 133
CIIAPTEH Xll.
Lord Melhueii Smashes the Hoers in Three Hloody Battles 141
CIIAPTEK XIII.
Cieiieiiil C.aiaiie's Frijihtfiil Surprise and Defeat at Stormbern. . .14!)
CIIAPTEK XIV.
Massacre of the lli};lilanil Brigade at Majjersfontein, where Lord
.Met linen's Advance was Checked 157
CIIAPTEK XV.
Burial of (ieneral Wanchope and His Hitfhlanders who Fell at
Majtersfonlein lfi'>
CIIAPTEK XVI.
Oeneral Bnller Swejit Back from the Tujjeln Hirer with Stu-
pendous Losses tfi9
CHAPTER XVll.
Field Marshal Lord Roberts Tukes Supreme Command — Tlie
British Disaster at Spion Kop 181
CONTENTS.
CHAPTER XVin.
Oeneral Cronje Is Otished and Forced to Kuriender After Hard
Fi);htiug — Kiniberley and Ladysmith Relieved at Last — Gen-
eral Buller's Fourth Attempt Successful lOU
CIIAPTEK XIX.
The Siege of Kimberle.v and How It was liaised by General French
—Cecil Rhodes Feeds 4fi,(M)0 People '. 205
CIIAPTEK XX.
How Ladysmith Held Out for Four Months Until Oeneral Dun-
donald's Arrival 213
CHAPTER XXL
Thrilliu}; i isonal Exjieriences of Actual Participants' Various
Battles 221
CHAPTER XXII.
How a Boer Bov StiMid the British Charjje at Elandslaagte — He
Prayed and" Fired 22ft
CHAPTER XXIII.
A Dutch Volunteer's Report of the Battle of Elaiidslaa^tte 23!)
CIIAPTEK XXIV.
Strange and Peculiar Stories Relating to the S<ddiers Actively
Engaged in the Campaign 237
CHAPTER XXV.
Canada's Koll of Honor as Called F|>on the Field of Battle —
('a|)tiire of General Croiijc 245
CIIAPTEK XXVI.
The Dominioirs Prompt Response to the Call for Troops — Gallant
Record of the Canadians Everywhere 253
CHAPTER XXVll.
Significant Demonstrations of Canadian Loyalty of the Empire and
(iiHH'n — Strength of the Dominion's Organized and Unor-
ganized Forces 201
CHAPTER XXVIII.
Lord Roberts' Severe Criticisms of (Jeneral Btiller and Other
Officers — Capture of Bloemfontein After Heavy Fighting 201)
CHAPTER XXIX.
"On to Pretoria!" — Lord Roberts' Criticism of Generals Methnen
and (Jatacre — Death of General Jouhert — Disaster at Bush-
man's Kop 277
CHAPTER XXX.
Temporary Boer Successes -— The Siege of Wepener Raised After
Hard Fighting, and the Burghers Retreat with Lord Roberts In
Fnll Pursnit 21)3
.233
.237
.215
.201
.2ft!)
.277