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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m6thode. y 1 2 S 32 X 1 2 3 4 5 6 '. \t. t^^ LEQISLATIVB ASSEMBLY BUILNNQ in PietemiaritzbnrK, 'he capital, ia without exception the hanilaomest buildinir In Natal The two laree Assemblv "^' l^u JiPf ' ""5 . *■■ "<""•» respectively are models of architectural niagnificence, while the Governor's private suite is elaborate in design and finish. The Governor ■ppotatcd br the Imperial government, is pn-ient at all asaembhes and takes active part in the administration. (2.) St. John* River is the most beautiful dver of Natal. It ia navlffable tor over one hundred niilea rtv. i thi» mA«t laro* at^aniora *ti»Arin» *!.• •*.»*.*»> *»i»u.^..* ^iochl^ i«i.. • _r c. t-i *... _ .: •_ ... rT ' S!l!V'l?,^*"^'""' "" ""IT of Southern katairiJ.rTlliErtlwitol^^ the"background" fora one of'themii't ^cu'i^ue views'o7°^l N»t«ie«port. The government baa for yeara been engaged in eztenaive dredgiDg\>pcntions to clear the bar at the entrance to admit large steamers. (4.) Travellinz In Natal by wagon ha* its pteasurea " J*" " ""fdahipa When a good ro«l ia found, the travelling is done at nig;ht so as to enjoy the cool African breew. Ford ng drifts is wmetimes ^^V^\r"K^?^'°*;^^' ''?°^!5i'i'*" delaying the journey t<» davi at > time. (5.) Howkk'Valla; near rietermarit.burg. is a favorite picnic ^rt. the luVurioS tropieal (oUage affordtng a pleaMot relief from the Natal mb. Below tbc falli it tbc main reeerrolr froia which the dty derivet iu water supply. luxunoua THE HIUHT HONOKAKLK JOSEI'll lIlAilllKULAiN. THE RIGHT HONORABLE JOSEPH CHAMBPB. a.« ' "'"^'""''^ "■' ^"^'"'l^Tn afkkun BEPublic, . -.«.—_;_„ jP^ PAUL. KRUQER, the autocrat of ih* .S""**- *'-i «-r-. .. . . " . . "': » '""^ *ji*»^nuu ui unuginv lae Hoera in .uKmj^i^j- ' •'-*«. THRILLING EXPERIENCES IN THE WAR IN SOUTH AFRICA EDITED BY MARSHALL EVERETT. THE GREATEST DESCRIPTIVE WRITER THE WORLD HAS EVER KNOWN. INCI.rniNO TMK Official History of tiie Britisli-Bfler War. AH TOI,n BV TIIK ( OHMANIIEBI*. Thrilling Stories of Bravery, Excitina Personal Experiences. Wonderful Descriptions of Desperate Battles. lI-UrMTHATEIl WITH NEARLY 500 HALF-TONE PHOTOGRAPHS, Each Picture Graphically Explained A Native of Africa. TU Wllll'll IM AIIDRI) THE LIFE OF CECIL RHODES, TBB WONDERFUL CAREER OF PAUL KRUCER. AND A COMPLETE HISTORY OF THE TRANSVAAL. THE HISTORY OF SOUTH AFRICA. THE DIAMOND MINES AND THE 60LD FIELDS. THE CARTOONS OF THE WAR EXPLAINED. CopminHT ttm, Tim RDurATioii*i. Co. QUBBEC. CANADA. I ! - ' THE BOEB DBMONSTRATION AT THK PAAROEKKAAL MONUMENT. THE PAARUKKBAAL MONUMENT. (iENEHAL JOUnEBT LEAVING PAABUEKBlAL. »owicimlIeii«Bat^fh™S!^5!H, tL ^***-??''--*^^^ ?*•' "P**"""'"™ Eoeni from all tuH. of i «.UMdermbie weight with the executive at IWril 1^\ "I^^„"rf..j^""??f,"'; '''<"'"""1« '.'" g"vernhieiit of t THE BUSH FOB THE WA0ON8 AFTEB THE MECTINO. tuL ™ — 7 ;;i;T~" "■. ■■"" '""■•••t^! monument to reuew tlieir the country. The re»luUon, arrived at upon the« occasion. ubhc and nrfai nn'i.in i_ •>._ t..-i fi cuuBiderabie weigm with the'executin> •> P^^l^T iV\ •"—-"• •";*• ~.""";'."i» icijiuuiiig tiic guvernment of the col THK HAADUAL OB OONKBNHKNT BUILDIMO, IN PEKTOm, V««N.O.Na. „«„ „„.0N ,K TH. TBANSVAA. P«,M CUP. ^WH, WBW IN THE BDBOHEEB' PABK IN Pi»mDt. ™„ «» PABK IN PKBTOBU, THB TKAN8VAAL CIPHAU ■*"">^ *«« TBAN8VAAL CAPITAL. PREFACE. ,1IK eiitir.- .•IvIIIwmI world Iihh Im-cii iiil( ivsh-il In llic r"<-iili'H( (Ic^i-,.,. ill III,. HiiiUh.u,,,.,. ^viir ill HoiKli Afrira. Tin. Kalliinl riinthliaiiH h.'iiI Hirii- HoiiH to ll};lil for 111,. Kiiipiiv ami show tli.-ir lo.vaK.v lo tht' (iiiicii, and llic rrnird of ilirlr iI.'.nllm<>nl; fav- maudrrH of .-arli Armv In II.,. Fl..|,l. h,. han !„.,.» ..nal.l.d to |,r,.H..nl I.. •'"^ I"'"' '' "'•' ^^■"'•'•" " NiMtorv of tl.,. CampaiKii in Houlli Afri.a that Ih lifrall.v ini|>artial; having had airosH to Stat .•um..nlH in lli.. l'or..iKn om,.,.N in UownhiK Hlr....|, In Lond(.n, and ili.' Soiitii \frl,an Ki-publlr at I'rHorin, ho hax not I , ,.„nip,.||,.d t.. d..p,.nd tl... KOHHip of tin. Clnlm or th<. va^n.. hiwhsvh and pirdl.ti..nK of tlu- n.-WH- paiH.r .•orr..Mp..nd..nlH In Northund.f.rlan.l Avrnu.. ami Trafaluar H.|nar..; in short. Ih.- lllHtorv h,.iv pr,.H,.nt...l .ontains, or. rath.-r. ,om- '"■'":''• " •""•'"' '-pi*"""- "f III,. niirrv,.|oUH «-ampal«n in Ih,. H<>iith<.rn '" ' •'"' '»"'•'« <'"»itinr.nt wh,.r,. Hritmh ami Ho,.r wn-Kthnl f„r ih,. mipn-niacy. In o(T,.rlnR thin v.dnm,. I., th,. Worhl tho PuhllNh.T w.ll know- that n,. work l.,.r..tr)for,. iHHn.'d on tliin s:ibj,.,t .an ,ompar,. with it for th,' reaHon that no lilHlorl.al writ,.r lutH ,.v,.r ha.l th,. fa,iliti,.K ,.xt,.n,l,Ml to th,. Author of thiH bo..k bv nati.MiN parti,.H t,. a c>,.nfli,t ranking with ,.|)<>,'h-niakiuK «.v,'ntH. H.. fnr as lb.. .omplaintH of th.- ritland,.rH. or fon-i^n ami disfrun- HiiM,., .•,.Hl,l,.„ts of tb,. South Afri.au K.-publi,-. an- ........r I it ,.an w,'.r; *'"' ''"*" '" *'"' ""''"''"'■ *" ^^■'''••'' »•"••»■ ''HIH-'i'Mli- <-bj,.,l..,l "FirHt-Tbnt depriving th,. nijr|, (V,„h „f th,. ,.oui,frv of th,. risht o t,.s th.. validity of parlianM.ntar.v l,.RiHlati..n. LawH pVononm,.,! bv th,. lllKh ( ourt to l„. at varian,',. with th,. t'onHtitution of th,. H.-nubli,- have b,.,.n ,.nfor,T,l b^- tlu. rre«i,l..nt and Exfcutive <\)iindl. "M,.,.ond— Tb,. ,.mpow,.rlnK <•' lb,. l»r,.Hl,l,.nt of th,. |^.puldi.• to n.n.ov,. ,lu,lK,-H wilboiil trial. Tb,. V f .Iii„i|,.,. „f n,.. TrauMvaal was r,.mov,.,l by rr,.Hid,.nl KruKt'r on a.rount of a .l,.ri.s a«aiiisl th- dl,'tal,.H of lb,. l'r,'Mhl,'nt. '•Tbird-Th,' |M.w,-r ^dv,.n to tb,. i'lvMl.b.nt of thr |{,.publl.' and h.x,..ntlv,. foumll to banlHh any rillaml,.r ami to n.nllN.al.' bin pi • crt.v for iMiliilial off,.|iH,. without trial. "I'',>urtli— Th,. rl;{|it of a TrauHvaal polio.man to HUjiprt-Ns a publl,- iiH'flinK '■ '■ -' in blK jml;!m,'nt tb,. lanj{uaK,' "W"! in in ,riti,ihiii of th,. IrauHvaal pivi'rnmi.nl. "l-'iflh— Th," law ,l,.n,vinpr .vbal Is r<.};ard,.l in a tru,. It,.|iublir as tb.. au'M bulwark of its lib,.r(i..s- il,,. riKhl of trial bv ..n.-V rs. In Ih.. Transvaal th.- II • aion,. tan sit in th.. jurv." Jn Ih,. |{,.puWli.' of S..uth Afri.a lw.,.-lhir.ls'.".f th.. p ilalb.n ar- r illiiml.n.. wb.. w.-nt th.-r,. b.y th.' ..xpr.'ss invitation .if l'r,.si.b.nl I'aul Kruf{,.r; th.-ir .apital an.l ..nl..rpris.. .l..v..|o|H.d what was .I.H.ni...l w..rlbl..ss lan.l into tb.. w.-altlib'st mining; s..,tiou of lli,. worl.l; lb.. Transvaal, which is at pr,'s,.nl ri.h ia in.'oni... was bankrupt pr..vlous to th.. arrival of tb.. Knjflisli. rana.lian ami Anifrban ..xjM.rt pr.isp,..iors. ..nKin.','rs ami .apitalists; lb.- outsi.b.rs h.mui own...l mor.. than half tb.. land in tli.. I{,.publi.. ami paid fully nim.-t..nthK of Ih. tax,.s, y,.t wcr,. p,'rsist,.ntl.v n.fnse,! a vol... in tli.. adniinistrati.in of >jovrrnm,'ntal affairs. Having b,H'n f.irtunatc in obtaiuinn th.> Kiifvanc's of b.>tb sidos to tli<. .•..ntrov.'rsy, and th,'r..f.tr.. ..nabi...! to b.- ahsolutcly just in sum- niiuR up th.. facts, th,. Publisher pr,.s,.uts tb.. r. suits t.i tb,. pnbli.- with til,, assuranc,. that th,> lov,. .if fairn.-ss whi.h .•baract..riz(.s it will pr,.vail an.l lead t.i th,- ,or.lial r..c..j»ti.(n of tliut which is a .•.irrc t bist.)ry of tb.- miy;bty .■.JuHict. Knibo.li,..l in this work, also, nrp tb," jxTwrnal ..xit,>ri..n.(.s of a.tual particiiMints in tb,. war; H,tldi,.rs who w.-n- on th,. li,.|d „f baltl.. an.l r..,',>iv,.d Ibe fire of tbo en,.niy; men wb.» assist..d in making hislorv for futur.. nen..rnti,»nH, w,.r,. ]ironiin..nt .haractors and ha v.. b..,. inini(»rfuiizetl iu consciueuct'. Tb,- bunibk' private. soldU'r, as woll w PREFACE. ho ,omn.iss,..n...l olli.or, t.-Hs his st..r.v; (l„. unrs,. i„ Hie hospital. t..}l.-th,T wirli ||„. C.ninuiiuliijn; (i,.iH.ral of tli,. Fonrs, iH mv,.,. (Ii.. oi.I...ituuit.v to ivlul,. wlial h,. saw; tlu- Ho,,- ami th.- En^ nan ^tan(l on ,M,ual poun.!, n.-ithei- Wnv^ favowi, for il„. i,,|t. i„ issuin- 'his 1 k has liccn the st.vcn.st ini|iaitiali(v. "^ Th,. l,io};,a,.hi..s nf (-.Mil UJUKles, th.. 'iMni.iir-l.Mil.h.f, lV..si,l,.nt K1UK.T, th.. irlijiioiis fanalic an.l propju'i, th,. fath,..' of Ins ik.,)!)!,.; till. m-,.r,l of ,.v,.nts from th,. fiist s,.ttl,.ini.nt of tlu- Tiansvaal, th,. Oianfj,. Fr,.,. stat,., Cai,,. c.l.n.v an,l oil,,..- t,.ml„nal ,liv!siou8 in South Afina; th," valiant ,1, s ami luioi, a,hi,.v,.mi.nls of tlu. Caua- ,l,.sem.,lly .•aiik,.,l am,.n- th,. most ".'■''"'"' "'■'^^'"•■" "f ""' w..rl,l ate ,.mlmlin,.,l in pi,tnf,.s,pie ,l,.s,nn. ion well w,.ithy of the waiT.ois wh,. pref,.|f,.,| ,|,.ath .m the tiehl of h,)n,u' t,» th,. hnmiliation or snrr,.|i,l,.r t,. a hat,.,l fo,.. A in,)st valii,.,l f,.atiire ,.f this pr,i,lu,tion, ami ,.ne to whUh the' I'ul.lisl„.r ,h.sir,.s to .all parti,nlar att,.|.tion, is the manm.r in whieh It IS ilhistn.f,.,!. Th,.s,. pi,forial |M,rtra,vals of o,-,„rren,-,.s whi,h ,-on. stitnte the main ,H.ri..,ls .,f the .ainpaijin app,.al to the imagination of the reu.ler ,u a more cl,re,t wn.v than written deseriptioun, for they Pi..sent ,„ th,. pl«in..st tnann,.,., on,, whi.l. all ,.an eon.prehend, junt .IS if the ,,bserver w,.re ,.i. an emineiuv overlookins; the field, tht' hap- lM.nin},'s ,.f which thev tivat. * tiv-.^tL^vI"!!-.-';;'" *,''''*''"""': ""•«"J^r^?j;:^rt*'i^^^ l'?« i1f?r ''?'I'"?S'* *? P°">'"TlT ?"" "r""" °' ^'«^.'''"' '^"'«" '" *« »""» "'=««'« waerelu It uuw stands wu at one time befoiiTohln'n^T,™ „,lVi'iV L srtii.irctl by the citizens of that city, who appreciate! the uiU fiuui Pretoria. The Dark in with suiUble »». «,d is now l^mc^tZJutifT^^lfZfC^^^ without a scrap of vegetation of any kind, "it was cleared, and then ^S fouuuin. The spray. „. beautiful •he^th'^^^rr^rfuTlf trrJik^-J.^L'^l^^i'/^i^^^ on^'<^^?lkrll?i^ """'' """'"' '" "*' '"■"' *"-'»»'"-8 «"^ havo rebe Cnnn eastt OIIAPTKU I. STARTLIXf} PlfASKS OF THE WAR. EATIl overjwl.m-fr„„, abovf, bHow, f,„„, all m.U.-d.uth i„ its „.„„t f,.ij,,.,f,.l f....„,; J . -».v. of ,he «rim .vnpn.V slu.ns i„vi;iin.; ^^^^^ r^^lrtVT"^ '■'"'"' "^ """'^"' ""•' »'"'» " f'"-»>l^' rei...r , tl... Mauser in tlu^ l.an.ls „f tl.o H,,,.,- marks- lueii has -, and often v.llevs were ,m ur d in . ':'''"""'" "^ ♦'"'"" """"'-V ""»" KaMlng- Piu.';::;;:;: Se';.;";;;;r;;:;;^r trr :r ^"r^ --'- '-^■ sky. would throw Hu.n.sei;: i ':';,,';';'■;;!;. '''''^^ ^■•"i'' " ^•^-- defenses that were inii.re.r„..M,. , " ^ r-'veuKe against Boer ■'■' "«"i"«i ."■■ »H,,„ j;t;„:A;:s,,:'', ;> ■"■"* "« ' ""■■ Al M„„.,,f,„„,.|„, „.„,„ .1,,. rii«l,laiid nrlitml, l„„ „ t„,,.|,. 18 m wi b „e ingbloud daHh ,.p«n n foe th.v .oul.l u„t sec, the roHult beiujf bat ,b,.y wm. ,>rmt.n.llv .ut to ,,i,....-s. Xo, „„„.,. that, on,- b.m.lred rj'tT ""'" "'"• '"'^ '"" """"" •■"«"^-"<'"'— H. of t.K. most ,11. rou« of !k. ....,.,.,.«„ to tbo MMtisI, anns-v l.il.. v..ll,>v affr volb-v I.m....l tbo on..on.in^r ,,„.ks of tl.e .Lvot..,] soI.li..,.s, wh.". f..|l bv b .f. .ireds .l..a.l a.ul .Ivin,, no, knowing at any tin... wbJr.. tbe .1 , v L •mn. fron. At last, .lispi.lt.Ml, tortun-.l an.l torn „v a fir. , vlM troops ..a.l n,.v.r b.fo... Ixn-n sM.,j.-..t...l-a fi.... so aV.-nraf. th. C great n.ajonty of ,1 m.ors «..•,• hml low-tl„. S.-ot.bnu.n th.-ir ,| .1 1, stn,,,., fron, tbelr ba.v l.-gs „y ,.,.. ....nol l.arbs of „.,. wh .'t n rg .•rs ba.l Strang ,n all .Ihv.tlons, sall.M.ly rKMv.l, tbeir angnisb all tL .nor,. , ...gnant b....aus<. tlu-y ba,l no o, ,„nit.v t,. f.-l tl.^rn.v Whi'U A\,.|lingt,.n fa,-e,l \apol,. u Wat.-rloo the opnosin.r li,,,-, .v^.. bat 1,.00 yar.ls apart; tl... ti..l.l guns of ,„at ,lay .!il, ZtZ tbat .hstan..,., wlnl.. tl.,. llint-lo.k n.nsk,.ts ns..,l 1,,- thV sol.li,.rs were not acnrat,. ,.v,.n at on,, l,,,,,,!,..,! ynnls. Tl.,. K,..ok.. r.ft.r ,.a,l. ,^s c-barg,. was sa.h as to b.-trav tl xa.-t wh-n-aboats of ,1... firi .g , •'. r„,.,H, w,.,.. n.ov,.,l in n.ass a,..l l,a,von,.t ,.l.a,-g,.s w,.r,. fr,., ,".,-!, x' fact, n.or.. .n,.n w,.r,. ki.l.H, ,,• tl.,. l.ayo....t at Wat,.rloo tluul ;;«„'„ C.n.par,. tl.,.s<. ar.l.ai.- w,.a|K,i.s witl. tl„. in.,,rov,.,l arms of to-.lnv A .no.l,.... r,H,. will kill a .nan at gr,.at,.r ,Iista..,.,. .ban tl.,. fl.-I,, X^^ >apol..on's .„,.. ..o,„„ ..,,,,,.; .„,,,.i..,. g „..liv,.ri..g f.-o... ,mZm Hbots p,.r n.,nnt,.. as w,.ll as oth.rs of ,i.,.t ,alib,v ,.s..^ in tb,. art rv can w.p.. o..t r,.gin.,.n,s at two an.l tl...... n.i,..; . f,,,,, .-Lai^ in,' b,. l,ayo„..t ..o.,l.i n,nv n,.v,.r rea-l. tl... 11,... wbi.l. is sta,..li,':g o.. , ! balf a n. 1,. of g,.onn,l, wl.il.. tl.oso ,v,.,.iving tl... .hargt. w.,nl,l safT,.r ,..n,parat.v..Iv littl.. loss. Tl... la..g,.r o,-.l..an.... of 1„. pr,.s,.n oarnii from t,v,. to ..ig.,t ...i„.s, an.l witl. ra,.g...tin.l..rs .1... g...;a..rs '. n p a" tbeir sl.,.lls w.tb.n a .•..n.pa,'ativ,.I.v small s,,a,,. ' Probably ,1.,. n.ost i.i.t..r..s.,,.,. ,.ngag,.„.,.nt of tb,. war was tbat at Rtonnb,.rg, wl...,,. tb,. nri.isb, n.anbing at night in .1.,.. o,-.l,r a ," .m.8el..slv as possibl.., ,l.,.ir i,.t,.n.io,. being ,o snrpris,. tl... Hoers" ..n! n,blenly bl.n.l,.. by tl... fi....,-,. rays ..f s,.v..ral s.-anblights tbrow, ,.,.m, tb,. r«l«„.„ fron. a high point n.,t „,o..,. tban tw., I.an.lr...! var.ls aX B..foro I,.. bewil.b.r,.l tr...,^ r.nUl vrM.r wbat tb.- sital.non r.^ wa« a tbou«and rifles in tbe bm.d« of expert shots blazed forth from STARTLING PHASES OF THE WAR. «i"U?;%brfn'r '"" ""^ ''""'^'^•' >"''^^' """ *'"• --"tion W.S nnnif^trTf "" "T "'*' '"'"''''' *"' "'"'^I""**"'. H'"* bundr«ls of men pa K-stnken «„,! ,.rai„.l witl. f..ar, rnsl„..l ,H.ll.n.,.i, fr.,n. tbe n2 Mr^Zv ;;'2^;^r^7" v "■'""" "^'"'^' "'"^"'« ^'- -i- ' l::I Z a bnlir,".-..''! r""i">' "7««"'"f'<'"." •ried a v,.teran offl,.,.r who fell with .««„::;:: sii: r,.:;r nU;;:^ - -- - -— inu' tte SMm'T;'"' '"""•"'"■" ^^■"'•^'"^' '"•••"S"^ '"to prominence dnr- fil .1 ' ***' •"'* ""■""'' ^" •'"' '""ff •"•'"««' "t which they w,.re t^m hey were not ..effective as anticipat,.d. flo^vever, whe, hev , L ig1.t «n.o„g a l..t of R.,ers the carnage was ....nethi^g awf.r ^ d.>nan..t,. gnns „s.-d l.y the Rritish did not .1.. the execution lo, k'nl f,, . n,.reaft,.r, according to tb.. most tb,m,nghlv.post,.d military ev isal 1 ,„ i , . , ' ''"■•' ""'•"'"'•"^ "•""' •'•»'"""« •"«">• miles. It IS als., pn.,l„.t,.,l that .,i.p.,sing armi,.s will lie within ..ntrencbments H n.uch as p..ssibl,.. I,.aving a gr,.«t part „f the work t be do^ bv - artilh^y. Battl. s will, i„ the future, be l,.ng--H-overi„g davJ^^whl e .. casualty list will not be so large as in the past. How, ^er^i^mW t.. men b,.|.i„,l tl.,. n.a.l.in. guns g.-t a g.,od range on a ..^en h latter w,)ul.l l.av,. a hard time ,.f it ^ ' "f « 1.1.11 tl„» ™bI„„ „„ ,„p„b|^. I. „ ,.„ „„d,.,„„,„,j^ Mk«^st It. I: execution was lulrwls of men, 'roin the ninks ;' the onlerH of iHc-flnNhes had flfty fe«>t they e stretched in lile lielpleHs to • wlio fell with (leroiis volleys _< ^ ..^ -hTl U :.^. •> V, »' J T^^: ■ifh M?.n^n?T^ f "' 1°^^'^ ?'"' '•"* "'*" ""'**' '""" '•■*'' ^*^»' »' Glencoe and took up a strong position at Elandslaagte. between Dundee and „i. ; J * S.**"'* '. '""^S* force of Free Slate troops were approaching from the Drakensbure and were monieStat^lvexi^tld ---•■• ""?•?«« »?" neceaaity of immediate action. enraired thi- n™.™ win. fi„.'^„aH~»n.'A» ™„.i™ .i..„ u...." .-_."-;,?._.'. "'.". "".o^'^'aniy Miiecied I^adyamith. "™S*Il'l'^"5?l°:S?L''n'!!i!l^'i??»?-rH';i„?J?,™!^^ il^^^f. Drakensburjjand .were momentarily expected. Geniml White, realiring the 'ia".'t 't. li" "!lTr, — ^••~xr.. =,.-..,?,- =:.•, inrrf i.'tUsiiL-ns CI iniantry, the whoic force under Ociicrai rViSL, J; ."""Ik' S^li"^.. !Lf^"}'""*'' 'i?"' the Boer guns were silenced, the shells then being directed French with Coi. Ian Hamilton commanding the infantry. _. ..„„.„ .„... „.„,„ flSSk tavX^tedlh^™ 'f^li^.^f^i'I?^'''' 'tTT*"' ""1 a" t*" "K" flank. Meanwhile, the Devonshire, and Gordon Hrgiri;ndrr;,TuVnrng\he7ncmy'"s"left tiSS»^H?^ion 5,5^ .,triW-^^K^„ Sk"?'''!^""??^ "'S'^JiS'?' "'•n>»'^ Boers retreated in broken order, the Lancers and Dragoons charging theii th^ STARTLING PHASES OF THE WAR. eral t to ith. the eral leir action everything would nnesHarily tlepen.l .ipon tlu- ,K.8i(i„n in which the KUHH were placed, the range, and the front offered by u body of the enemy fired upon. •' Everything will depend upon the manner in whi.li troops are handled, <.r n.aneuvred, in the warn to eonu-, as has b«.n den.onHtrat.Ml iu a n.easure by the results in the British-Koer .an.paign; although, should a conflict arise between two such nations as I'Vunce and Ger- many, which have the flnest artillery in the worl.I, th." outcome woul.l be more satisfactory to n.ilitary strategists than that of the Kouth African controversy. Them" two countries reju-esent the very hi.r|,f.Ht types of discipline and equipment, f.u- they have the latest improved guns and ammunitions, their artillerymen are trained to th(> Huest p.Int and nothing has been left undone to bring the service to as near per- fection as possible. Be this as it may, the British-Boer war has oj.ened the ey.-s of the world as to the possibilities for blood-letting offered bv up-to-date man-killing devices. Mr. Hudson .Mu-tini, inventor and builder of the Sla.xim machin.- gan, confessedly, in the opinion of experts on ordnance, the most deadlv war machine linown, said: "The Anglo-Boer war has proved the source of nianv um-ful lessons to military men. It appears from a review of the results of this war which IS the first of suBl.ient magnitude to give practi.al test to mo.lern' artillery an.l magazine rifles using smokeless pow.ler, that, instead of increased efficiency in arms increasing the casualties for the number of men engaged, the casualties are much diminishe.l. As we compare the areas over which armies now fight with the areas of buttlefiehls in former times, it appears that with improvements in efflciencv and range of weapons, the fighting areas are increased in proportion, and that, with the doubling of the efficiency of weapons, the size of battleflel.ls is increaml about fourfold. It is this enormous increas,. of area of the battlefleld which is resp.,nsible f<.r the lessening of casualties "By doubling the efficiency and range of weapons, the duration of ijatflPR H appart-iitly Increased in proportion with the increase of ficht- ng areas owing to the difficulty of coming to sufficiently close quarters to conclude matters. It is ..bvious to me that one of the next important steps to be taken will be in the improvement of means for counter- balancing the long range factor in modern land fighting bv the intro- 21 ductlon of means for coming to cl«se <,uarter8, means for enabling the attacking party to move upon the position of an enemv, while at the name time protecting itself sufficiently against the enemy's fire to enable the moveimnt being made without too great loss of life "The .leadly charact.-r of inachin.. guns and magazine rifles, with e «bsen..c o smoke on the fiehl of battle, renders it out <,f the quesTiou to attack as formerly, through the open, rush an enemy's position, and .1.S .dge inn. at the bayonefs point. Under such ..ondifion's there must < . cssurily be a death zone between contemling armies, which it will be in.possible to .ross, and battles must be long range duels between artillerists and riflemen." fa fe •» ueiween That the combination of the magazine rifle, with defensive lines, KUI revolutionized the whole practice of warfare as much as did the invention of gunpowder or the appearan.e of Napoleon was dearly shown b3- results during the war. It ha.l long been suspected that the fi St great European struggle would prove this, but nobody was quite p.epared for tlu. developnu-ut on the side of the Boers of the most adninced continental s.ience. Oenerals Robert.s, Buller and Methuen «e e faced by Boer lines twenty and thirty miles long. The field of >^ aterloo would be a mere pocket upon such .spaces. Shortly before the beginning of the British-Boer war a leading • Jerman military expert prophesied that trenches and barbe.! wire en angleinents, „i combination with the long-range rtfle, would turn eutren,he.l positions into fortresses and reduce everv battle to a siege Ihe cover for the defenders, the obstacles to the advance, and the dis^ tance at whi.-h the attacking foive began to lose, meant an exposure so piol..nged as to .•ompass the defeat ..f the offensive armv. To the new condition of things the groiiiul in South Africa was wondeVfully adapted, al hough he superiority of the Brttish as fighters was demonstrated by t le act that hey several times took entrenched positions at the point of the bayonet, while the Boers never tried such offensive tactics Every EiiroiK-an power has sown its frontiers with fortresses offeriil" 1 1?-"' '""""?'■''•' *"''' ''"'"'"'■> *"" ^^l^^i-i'-nt-es in South Africa offered nothing conclusive, as would be the case where two first-class nations faced each other, for the Boers acted entirely on the defensive Theie was no record of an instance where they took entrenched positions n ox Ills WAY TO Tin: VEMi: COXrKnKNTE. From "St. I'lml ridii.cr-i'icss " Some I iiiK' lM.f„r,. wiir broke „iit l„.| "WILL THE ARYSSINIAX \Jf TAKE From "St. Paul l'i(.ii,.,.r.J»r,.ss.- HAND?" out •"a/K n?M l^^" ^rSsirf'"^ !'-is ......stion who,, it ,v«h r„,„or «a„H. r„..i. Kru«er':.„Vr;"Hl;;;e:;V.".S'^'vY'"yT '" '"" "• i;;j. on th.a .. w«h friendly to En.lanll ' d^^.^dS .(^^U;;;! inorcd Id jmol io JHHt ¥ BALLOONS USED IN MILITARY OPEBATIONS IN SOUTH AFBICA. TAKINU OBdEliVAIlONS FROM A BALLOON IN THE SOUTH AFRICAN WAR. MILITARY BALtOONINQ.-Th* positions and strength of the Boer forces.. with this spiwratus. ( 1 . ^ We illustrate the system S^^iuT^^S^;^ tangly; ■ Tw^ rf^he^fflc^is ^^^ u^'duri;;^^^ iulVl^n^^ tSe B;itish- \^-^j^^Z^;^,^ ^/^is bX!^" " ^' imith •Iw Wog provided with an equipment. At Modder River the British unde r General Methuen accomplished successful operations with the aid of bis baUooM. the oroun'i, Bv •hia means the whereabouts of the enemy was ascertained am 3 /' m ?pj i « S ■- n js -o a 2 V k " ,■3° «?|- - •S ? » AFKirAN KHIMHLH llEHE an- 12,(HM),0«0 H.inatv iiuU-h .iiul n.'iirly 17.-.,- 0„«,0(»0 i..'o,.<,. m Afii.n, under '"""";;:;>";,• ; anil Mon-n.', Ub.Ha an.l ALvsninia. NMh-. X';.tr known, went ^. war wUU.n«^.n,.^ ()ran«t. Fr.-f State was an in.le,H'n.l.-nl H "K. »' *^ Ca,H. of (lo.Hl llnpe to Kcvpt, »"''f., T , .nHt-uns an.l the Kn^lish ..ort ..istanee of ^^^;::^2X^:^^:>:.^s : W.> s,nare lanjjnane prevail. AUo(;<'t»«» i>n(,imi" miles of territory in Afriea. , dianiontls of Tlu. Kimberley n.ineH f«rn.H»' "' ";;^,)^^ , ^ , re now tl.e .nain the world, while the «..hl m-h Ih ..f <;-';;;",,,, „,„„ ......dneed ,,o«ne of KnKlandV «old supply. «•» . l«f'4 over »3tUM)00,(M)0 worth of the .^^;".';:\'7' • ^.,„, „„,. „f „„. .H.snihilitieK I)uri«K the pn^resH "V'";/ i , • ^ uu,^rV s a,. Lthreak of whhh always fri«htenc.l the «nt.sh '"—;;.,.,. „,, „„..,.« for the black p..pnlation of South Afrua. Tl.e nativ.H the traditional eruelty of the latter. ..opnlatu.n in The disproportion between the »'»"'\" '' ? ,; ^^J ^ .,f the Sonth Afriea is enorn.ons. In every ^r;;, '' t te t a'^reUer or eontineut the biaek f^^'"^ ""^^^ j't" ^"^""^ '" " ''"'"'' less extent; in some instances the tllsparuy is si"i TlIK IIIHTOWY or lill'^ SOlTll ', OUTllANSVAAL. ('(iiintry. ("ape Colony Itliodesia 'I'ransvaal Natal Ilasuttdnnil Orange Free SI a Swaziland Hritishfenlial A |{ecliuanalaiiil . ■ Ic. . . frica DIack. . l.titMMlOO . I.OIKMHK) . sritl.OtId . .-ilMMMMI . •jr.d.mHi . •_'(»(I,(KM» . sriii.tioti . •J.-|(»,0(M» While. ;*,oiKi titIO St),tl(ll) nmi 2,(»t»0 .,,,,,,,„,,, .,f HMcivs. liH luMHvs. Ml JMiu.uie is naturally tlu. ^^^^^^^^ vial here llure are S^,t.,<.(M> ..alivs and -'.-t»,tMI(» whites. Ih. natlNes „: ; • c:!;;.::.'i .o n,: -.hcin poitio.. or ,he ;;'-i-^^ •;• ;,^;!; ; Transvaal natiMS .ii. i ,,„, swazi.'S n.nstitnte a s:>noU8 ,,,„.,, n.«-^-";;; ;•;;'; :,;':;,1, ,„.. uandi,., over of their """"'" :"^T „ H .-s a d .nve ..v.-r and ov-r a.ain pleaded for ik'nvi-vn tiif-' • "'-T -• -' 25 28 ] m "f MnlavH mill "Oiim. Hovs." t|„. |,,„..,. „f „,, ,-':.;s::;:;t;;;::;';:-^^^^ H«.rt',;i;::::;; ;::;i;:;;:;;;;;,:;^::';;;' -^f'';" - „.. natives ,„Ml f,.w,.r ,hau .-,,r - whius n. n ' '' I''*''" " '""""" ;.;•.' H50.000 nn.lvos an., 500 :uZ i^J^'^^i^: C'^''''! ""•'" "analan.l, now f,„„,allv ann,.v, ,„,.„. , i" " ' ' "'='"• ""'*' vaMttn,H,,flan,la.on.:,inM konv^! 'r ' • ""' ""'"'""»'' "'" n..jT.. .,..n.k...,H.,.s, a., ,i,.. n.-Hj;;:; ^^ z ;; r:r;;'vr :■' a..".- nil zS;';$;a:;; •;':;;;:;;::;':;:;"; ^*;-'-'- ^^"'.'•- .-1,., .-.O.(.0<. whi„. folk. T . . V * V U :^' ""'""""" •"•"•""•>' ""•' habitant. Tl... Znlns a •■ fin . """""" *" "'*''>■ "'•"*' i>- not .on.an.inatHt I o."" ;.;:"•■' "'T""""'« ••"-'' """' -"«■" in the southern an,, oasteru ^etio„H of t,. (Ci„e„t lie tLo Priti^U ^'^^ .-Jf/f/c./.V COXTIXEXT, '"' I'- •'.«....«.. I.. MM, i, wan .ri . , ■ V *""""•* ''*"•••"••'•"'"'*■ '"""'Kas, l...liatonmanv..M.ahl ih ^ ' """"' "'"' '" '"••-' 'lu- ""^ i:;;"'^- ,'-' "-""■ '.rM:;;;::::';:;:,:;:;;""""-'^ ■• Na.al. «.|.i..|. „,.H no,;, si f^H,*^;',:'' ' .'!'-'•''•• fa.l ..f ItN .iiH.ov..iv l.v il„. I'oHM.n . ' "•''•"''.'»'•'* "« "ani.. fro.n ,1,,. to..«alan.l w..,-.. inrorpora,;!,; Ivi,,, j';'"' """ '" "^"" ^"""""<> a.-, An.a- 00... ;:?:.i:;;:;; :;;s;::;;rs;:.r"*" ""' " •""""•""•" - ^^^- Bei,ii;ana,an(,, noitli of rai... Coi,,,,.. 1. . P.v...nn...u( of |{,.o,|,.sia in „n -I 1 '.';'" "'"' -•'""MMM.. ri... "".v. ,t Ih on., of flu. most „, van...; .1 " ">"" Iti-itiui. f..«»« 14.. iml.., ,h. E„„.„., He. ,,„„.a E.., A.ri,.. .„ ™i,™r;,.„„„ ZULUS SERVINU AS POUCB IN NATAU NATAL POLICE.— The native police force is made up of picke6rdi*iS i" riue of attack. They are u nothing of the English language the white ofliccr is necessarily obliged to speak the Zulu language. AN ENVIABLE PHYSIQUE.— Our illustration shows a type of Zulu of enviable physique. This i» •cteristica: u type not to be found in the cities performing any kind of labor. He takes care of the cattle anil take care of the crops of corn on which they chiefly subsist. Being constantly out doors they develop a mus. ed tribes of southern Natal. The native women of Natal are never employed in any domestic or other servic IS to 23 years. AN ENVUBLE ZULU PBYSIQUB. each chief of a kn».\ sends to the government at least six men every i such as are engaged in domestic or other duties in the varions towns. I noiselessly on their beats. They carry no other weapon besides the ful in keeping control of the native population, and knowing utile or the put«-blooded Zulu and differs from the Natal Kaffir W many char. Irinks his "umjuaala," sometimet going on hunting trips. The women ular and splendid physique and are much envied by the more restrain- all of such being performed by "umfaans," boys ranging in age from IHMMi /^ ''■■■^''mmmm^^^^^'^>^\. M^^^^ the siege owing to their lack of water mi,ied .hem and cut off the V aUs hili.v „f ."'"' """' '?' ''rinking purposes ' Tl e foers wen, fiiT^ .i^ m Yk"" "'"'J- ""'y. "-ere iver Mountains, not far from the solid wall of rock it has subtemnrnn csnals th£t r;:- in bathjng in the cool', "clear Ti,« S™,. """ X"^""'"^ ''"'*'■ "■» nearly dry. there ^i^^fX'rj .^■lir.r^'!!'!?.--? ot th^'natw: THE AFRICAN CONTINENT. 29 extending nortliwontcily to the Upper Nile Valley. Englnnil's otlier IMmseHsiouH inchule Soniulilaml and the Urilish Nifjer coiiiitry. Events durinj; the paHt few years have made the South African Ue- publie, or Transvaal, one of the most prominent countries of the world, although the popnlation was not large nor the inliabitants advanced in civilization. Being the richest gold-bearing section on earth, and jios- 8e8sing men who not only claimed independence, but were ever ready to light for what they laid an English tlag was raised theic. It was first visited by Diaz, the 5;reat I'orlUiinese explorer, in 1 JS(>, wliose sovereign gave the name to the Cape of tiood Hope. The Dutch founded Cape Town in l(i52, and Hollanders iiiinraled Ihei'e in considerable numbers afterwards, heliiing Ihcniselves to the land they wanted. When the Dutch (iovernors sought to lax them lliey resisied and trekked north- ward and eastward as far as possible to be out of the way. Even to this day the Boer, wliirli is Dutch for fariuer, dislikes to pay taxes to anybody for anything. From 171)5 to IMOl* Knuland held South .\frica, jestoring it to Hol- land by treaty, but in ISOd, to keep it from Napoleon, ICn^laud took it again, and held it !iulll ISI4, when she bought Cajie (.'idony and other territory from llelland Utr :iii:i(t,lltm,tHI(», which ended tlie history of the legal o<-cuiiatioii of So\ith .Vfrica by the Dutch. In ls;U the (ireat Trek occurred, when about 10,(HMt Dul and the Dutch, the latter being badly beaten in a light at Boimiplats, in the Orange Free Slate, in IS 18, having resisted the attempt of the British to ex- ercise sovereignty over the Orange Free State, .\fter the battle there was another trek, headed by A. W. .T. Pretorius, who led his jKirty across the Vaal Kiver and set up an indejH'ndent state, which was recognized 30 THE AFRICAX COMTINENT. bv En}j;lnn(l after a ronfci-cticc kiuiwu as th,. Sand Kivcr « 'on vent ion, Jannaiy 17, 1S52. The (liKiinicnt sipii-.! bv the Hiilish (\.niniiKsi(.U(Ts au Irib... , wh.., 8.Mm after his cl.Mti.m, regrett..d that lh.y had chosen a man not „ mtlve or a religious fanati.. IMvsideu. Burgers told the Boers th.. i:,.n„blic slumld attain standing and high dignity am..ng the great p..«- ,>rs of the world, bet insisted this could not be brought about with... t extensive public improvements in the way of r..ads, bridges and rail- ways lie adv.H-at,.d bett.T laws, especially th..se dealing in a broader ^.J ;,.uh oo-rnm-nt hm,U and native lan.ls, and legislation having in view all tlu's,. improvmeiits in admi.n«trati..n an.l g..v..rnment was m- tuallv secured. Then the PiTsident made a visit to Europe t.. obtain the monev for the vast schemes ho had outlined, but it was a compara- tive failure. Instead of the $1,500,000 he^ aimed at he only secured ab.>ut #450,000. >\ ith tins he purchased the material f.ir building a railway, and had this transport.'d proipptly to L.>renz.t Mar.iues, where it lay uiidisturbe.l f.ir years and went t.t rust and destruction. Du his return lie f.iund that the a.ting President, Kruger, wh.) was chosen Vi.'e-Pr.»sident at the time of Burgers' election, and ('oiiimandant-(ien- eral Joubeit, had w.irked u|) a great public sentiment against him, mainly .>n the groun.l that he was a heretic, an infi.h'l and an unbe- liever, who did not believe in giving (Jod credit for everything; but, in fact, was sacrilegious enough t.i deny the Cieator th.' honor due. Be- ing the wildest, sternest and nmst unc.impromising of oig.ds, this sort of warfare apiieal.'d directly to the religiors faiiati.ism .d the burghers, the consequence being that tliey became .ipeii enemies of tlie Presi- dent; deliberately igimn-d the legislati.in he had secured and ren- dered it impossible f.ir him to r.'alize a number .»f his administrative schemes. Everything seemed t.) w.u-k against President Burgers. In 1875 a dispute ar.)se with the Bapedl tribe, I.hI by t'hief Secocoeni, regarding some land, and Burgers, at the liead .>f a force .>f 2,500 Boers and 1,500 black allies, atta.k.'.l the Bapedis, being suc.essful in the first two bat- ties of tlie campaign, and .apturing the stronghold garrisoned by Johannes, the brother .if t'hi.-f Secoc.ieni, after whom the city of Johan- nesburg was nani.'d. The taking and sacking .)f the place was assigned to the black allies of the Boers, the Svvazis, who pniceedwl witli their w.»rk in the most inhuman manner; the place was destroyed; J.diannes was slain, and tlie w.mien and children, after being subinittert to the most horrible t.ntures and atrocities, waiit.mly murdered. This was the sort .if warfare waged by the pe.iple .tf a nation des.ribed as distinc- tively religi.ms, who carrhHl on these pra.tices under the cl.)ak .if Old Testament examples, and mad.' slaves of those captives they did not kill. But vengean.-e was at hand. On the 2d of August, 1S7(!, the B.iers attacke.1 the mountain on whi.h Secocoeni himself was intrenched. The Boers had not the c.mrage to face tills problem with any sort of liersistence, for, as soldiers., they had been accnst.mied t.i fighting in the open with those who had no firparms, and from behind breastworks and trenches when dealing with those who had them. The attack failed, the Boeis returned iu disgrace to Pretoria, and I^resident Burg- mmmm 34 "".I '''-.MH 'J";i;j;;:';:;';;":;;' ';:.:^ '"" •""'^.t to nH.,v..„a,.i..s. f.-". l.n-.s of So„u. Af..i,.a , " t "?"'*: '" "'■•^'""' ""^ ^' f" "-..■'l ;:ov.rn,n,.„, an.l ,,v H./il.; ,'''*';'''!''''''•''' '•>'' -••''•''•'l Hvil- '•"'-■'""• '''"" -ar lini . , , r 7"".""''"''* "'•" '""' "••<"<'f"i f"." ^nlus an.l Su ,,.is ,1.,, .1. ',:, ,'"■''''''''•■•''''«■ '"" '""viHions „f ,1.!: ^-'•" .1.1.^. ,na.I.. „,. „i, n, I ,::;:;•, ""■"^■"•^•"' '"" l'<-.-.fal "s.-If for ,„vi„. „u. ,l,.|,r of I I. : , . "*'•'•■ "'•l""-<"'"f.v woul.l oftVr "••"••■ '"""•'""'■" "< <"'■ t • . : rr'"' '!"■ '""'"^ "^ f"" "•"••". f"".v .aiTi. „, „,H,. pa f , . r ',"'"'^'"' ''•"■■• ""■>• ''■•>.l fnitl.. '■'•"'■. f«"' •"<-"-iv..s in,,/,,,,,. ""■"• """ "■-.'..nn.-n,. an.l ^^^ ;:;,!'''','' [''"' """ '"•■■"■""".•'I nn....,- '•'N.sons fop ,l.o w,.akn..ss .,f t,,,.' l{ ..'o ' ' ' '""' """■" "^ ""' f-''^'-''^ ^" '"-• ■ -nin,. f.a. ,ri. ^;:;;S?' "■ •• "•■ -^••- -<--"-^ "• '•-'; f, f lu- . a n.li,la(,.sl„.i„.,.,, ,4,1, .'„'*'' -^''■"•'" '«-l"'"'li'' was no.. ."a-a..o...al ..u... ...eve. .^^I^n l^' ^ i.::;^: '/■///• AhRlCAX COS'Tl^EMT. f'Miu.l i„ til.. (Jo>e,i„n..„t Offlres in tnn 1 • "'•V"nHn..nt l.o ,.at,,,, ,.„, „„. ,,/; // " ^ ' '"' •"<''"<• '"ti.o „„,,,,. „„. "••"•"*♦ against annexation an. ,, ! r? •'"l""afion to Lon,|„„ ,f, '■;"'"" '"•' "'"l-f"--'.", l.n ' !£r "'-^ :'!*^""" '•"• "'.roloni.., re. "'"f annexation was tinal ' "' '"'" ""'"' "« "".v ''a.l .•x,..-.te,l, |.-aufs, ,H.ar,il, w.-l^.n....; ';.:;. ';;;:;'"'''';^' i'" ""^ <'"nnnu inu.; - ''<'f«-..n a harassing. pov..rtv an. ?.',,. 7' '' """'""" «"' ' '•"^"•-" " ;'.' •"" H".-s ,li,| .„.f approv, ,;:,•; ' •'^"'■""'- V-t th.. n.ajo.i.v '"" "•'•'« l^-'I" aliv.. 1.V , .„ p,.r ;, , 7 ' "' "^*'"' '.""' f'-i'' -Nssatisfa.:. '",""' »-<-ts t., wl.i..,. tl.::t ;,,':,.;;;' ;■'' •••""- "-"'in.s, forn.n- ^V,"":"^'"- """^'l"*" with tl... ..X.!.!, "f ' ' ' '""' •'*■"" '"f-f'-v.! •;;< .•.■«l,.rs of pop,„,„i..„, l,.van.. it 1.... r ■'"''"' ''"''"f '''''">•"• '"•' "■•i'isl. ConMoission.; all v^, tl'w ';•"""" "' ''"' "«'^""""^. -«"...-.:.l i. ontir..!,, an.. y^uJuZV^^^Xu !'^ r^''"'''^ '"• '"''">• '■'■'"'"'"" "'" '"'"l-'H Hvr,. allow .1 "■'"'•'' '""''■"'' lik"..l..'n Hiitisl. (!..v..r„n,..nt pr.u.n.e 1 o . ,. .'T !''"''' '"''"' '"♦""<'»' <'f t«Ml pny « LdikIou to I'l" Hion aiKl ^'oloiiics, if- I b<'tt(.|<'(lii- 'iDiiii iiiiini- •Mliffcrciice i between a lie iiiajoiity •lisHutisfac- Vite-I'resi- l^S, foMiill- illfeifeicd f, (lle.v f the „1,I. llftitatioiis. "I- rather like open liiiSH (hat nie of the iiipreN.sioii provide a lit white vledjje of I'lniatioii lilic waH i-inectiii}; la mat ion 'I'l were !> «'"'••" '1-= -a^rls known. This i^Si^^ by the ^li^'a^J ^^^Jt}!^^^^.:^::}^}"::^'^^- "'"g'"..': ^adie or u^.:,, -- V ' ":\"'" »;"""■« '"i" ine wax anu DecomiiiEr so firm i >', mumi E.i 8 OIA fiHi- 5Ji *-2 "fs - PBr..;'S5§| a libs §5 U •sll ill |i| s|2F:ilia- a— ■- « jj euu u ^.* IS. r|l.5:g1||- F1 O AI •■• M U S Jl 8«r B M o if* 1-2. 5 a ■C iiiilllll mni ■a n S °;a t-S r//C AFRICAN CONTINENT. garded merely as au Intem-gmini when the fuuitiou» of the repub- lican government were in ubeyance, A messenRer w.ih also sent to RiitiHJi ( •onnuissiouer Sliepstone au- nouneinR tliix action and nivinj,' liini fort.v-cijrhi hourH to snrremler tlie i<)Hntr.v,altli.iU!J!li tlilw same day tljihthiK benan at I'otcliefHtroom, wliere tlie HiK'rs attackiKl a patKd of Kufjlislimeu. On tlie 2«tli tlie first blood wa« Hhed at Hronker's Hpruit. Colonel Anstrnther, with 250 men, met all at once a force of about '.00 moanted Hoers, and wliile nefjotiatin}; under the white Ha^ the Hoers took up every vantii;;e point. Then Colonel Anstrnther was (old he must cease ids march to Pn-toria until they heard CommiHsioner Hliepstc 's answi r to the proelaniation of the Hepublic. Anstrnther repliea Hill, one of the most remark- able fucurrences in military history, (leneral Kir (Jeorfje Colley, with (100 men, occupiev..rni ,t appointing a U.-sident at Pretoria who sh.mid supervise the relations of the Boer people to foreign Gov- ernments and natir.. tribes outside and within the Transvaal. Oreat Britain had spent In four years, in the administration of affairs, sub- i/olmllim T V'T •'':"'•' "^'"" '""" '"'" '••"" '••""'^■•"1 '» ♦»■''-. "»'"-'f ^l,im,m), but the lrans^aal was re.piired to assume only #l,:t00 000 of this as a debt. ^ ^ > > It was not until ISSIl that the S«.uth African BejMiblic #as fullv r.- habilitated, at which time Mr. Krnger a.hieveii ileiiiamleil of l.nl-d Deiliv roiiijijete iiiile|iemleni'e avdiii}; the iionii- iKii'ies as a wlnde, lint takin;; the matter up in detail pi'eseiited tiie Itritisli view of tlie case witli clearness and precision, the result beiiifr that the llepnlilic, while olitainint; iiiaii.v accessions of territory did not \H'\ what it mainly ilesired — the lar<;e tract of land lielon^in^ to tribes under the control of Kii;:laml, which tlie Transvaal had lonj; coveted. Tlie matter with which the dele^i-atioii was most concerned, how- ever, was tiiat of suzerainty. This word had occurred only in tho pre- amble of the Pretoria ("onveiitioii of 1S8I, and a word hitherto iiiiknowii to international law or to any of the relations of the Hritisii lOnipirc. Its sifiiiiticance was defined in the articles of llie convention, and es- pecially detined by the presence of a Hrilish Resident at Pretoria throii;;li wlioiii all the coiTespondeiice of the Hoer ondin}; with foreiyrn jiowers was roundabout and roniidicate Itritisli Resident were they able to coiiiiiiunicati' with native chiefs outside of the He- public, it "had led to a i^reat increase of cattle thefts by the Katllrs"; tliut the Transvaal Uovernnient was hindered in its adininistratiou of justice on its own borders. The depiitiitiou also claimed that, inasiniicli as all new reKnlatioii8 rejrardiiiH: the native inhabitants of the Transvaal had to be approved by the Mritish represent all vt', the iuterests of these natives were in- jured rather than conserved by this method, while "milder and at the same time more satisfactory measures could be taken, if we were at liberty to at once make provision suitable to every eiuerj;eiicy than if a previously sanctioned law has to provide jienerally for t\{'Vy possible occurrence." When the articles of the fonveiition were tinally approved I,, Lord I>erby and the Hoer deputation the word suzerainty was indeed miss- iilK, but tlie Fourth Article read as follows: "The South African Kepiildic will conclude no treaty or ennajiem.-iit with any state or nation other than the (halite Free State, nor with any native tribe to il astward or westward of the Kepublic, until the same has been approved by Her Majesty, the (iueen." Naturally eiiotifih, this, in the eyun of inttrnational law, deprive .B.C S ^ = *• KU " JT'O n K-3 2 a :■.?&««•««» ill! eni- ili M -• ^ o." ■!: g »3 c a r» O ft Tl n V (fl n A} ^ o era B B »i I. E CO 5 ET OQ J g. : S*pj S i5 K a ° B"0 ^ o :"2 b ■ — F i a C ?=..'( a.ic o r* 1 9 S ?^ S 3 2.^ =■•2. 5 D IP — as a" :■• •« S If a S a SH =• g.,5 S „ at n " f^ S* s a ° ir=5 to 5 = B"=-3 ri e.'y." " <» a a c." C- Q. m ,33 B s-s" <. *! It f* u C 5 m '■= = £.2 5 p. o !1 B reSJS £• ^ ~5q E C "T 03 B «?5" 3 S i ^ 5a, 8 i » "'T 5.3 S 5 3- O &^ O' 3* «;. "£ cr ^ > » S" E tr. — rt fi c^ 5.^-3 — :r.w c w c * S»Q < -. 1 = 2"!? 2: r. t a Cr* rt is =11 » » CB C R -S S ^ C.B cr cTM S^ "^ S S 3 ■SHHa «« 5, a g B.EB gj! J Ik'cii iiiitl Don HOIIII Hllcll WIIH tnin ^ J 1 foiitei and .1 OIltHtl upon api)e« f 53g.|3g||g S-C;* s*-. ^..S'g ayl^l'S'S 33 : jj.Ss 5 * ^i.g .0 -S 5 -s -s a „- S5 a ' V.- ^ s • s t^ - - r//£ AFRIC.IX CONTINENT. plo.vf of lli(> MritiMh Hoiilli Afiiciin Coiiipan.v in itci'lniiiniiliiiul, wlui liiiil liccii li'l into (ln'H(Mrcl,jfallici<'titt A../ ♦ iKADIAI-LY ()ATIIK|{|\(i TIIKM ALL IN. From "liidianapoliH News." Tlio Lion ha.s captiiicd I,ad,VHniitli, KiiiilHth-v, .lacolisdal, RIocin fontcin )innpr or later. InipresMiMl with the |HiMibilith>H of a re.voll, was preparinir their relief. ^ •lamesoM, however, knocked (he fat into (he (ire, and of the litlanderH wuu worse than ev<'r before. «1 (neoHiires for the condition LI(»X AND HEAL- (MJOWLlNd AT KAfll OTIIKH. From "Indianapolis News." Fufjiand, the Lion, is rejiresented with her forefeet planted upon the body of the i.rostrale South African Hepnblic (a Hoar, which is u pla.v njion the name (.f Hoer), urowlinfj .it the Russian Hear, which has been casting envious jrlances upon In.da while Knj,'land has been busy in South Africa. The Lion is, however, ready to fight the Bear at auv time, and so tells Hruln. F IWillTake CHRISTMASDiNNER In Pretoria I>I!)N"T TAKi: IMS CM IMSTMAS DIXNKIi IN I'lJKTOKIA. Ficmr "St. j'lnii I'iniiccr-I'rcss." When tide tinallv turned and .IWlnter, Auckland Park.— This beautiful retreat is but two miles from the hot, dusty city of Johannesburg, and at all seasons of the year is a favorite spot for those who delight in nature's artistic creations. Even in winter the blue-lilies bloom in the ponds, while the grass and foliage afford an enjoyable relief from the sandy desert upon which the city stands. (5. ) Camp Drift, Umslndusl.— Another of Natal's peaceful, luxuriant scenes. The drooping trees and dense tropical foliage on the grassy slopes of the river's banks lend an air of quiet and rest only to be found in the glorious climate of the "Garden Colony.'' g jj u o ■ - ^ « ») TJ 3 ^ « ■^•^ 3 s n V H H 41 2 91 "S M •«-ta- - o g 4^ *^ o "^ 9 M§ o ? 8 ^ ca fc — " <3 ,- O U O ^iS-SI Sella ci^oS .5^5 2 9 ■?•" 3 K o a al|3 g«j tf) (t tf] It £" _5S J^ .5 .-i "Ill : » „ be h ■•5b SB 3^ a B " c " i X h ^ V ^ a =11 "^ll/ Ion uS8 32 8 -SS^*! 2 s 6*a Q rt ^.s ,^ « i u *2 .a .| 3 != ^ s •■ ' .s t] h e ■] niAl'TKH HI. THE ORAXOE FHKK STATE AND HOW IT CAME TO BE WIPED OUT OF EXIHTENCE. ;nE Kj'public of till' Orany;«' Free Slato, wliidi was iu t'xistfiuc until the Hritish tiDints caiUurcd its taiiital city, Hldt'infmitcin, on the 12tli of March, 1!K)(), was founded by tlic Hocrs who cniijtiati'd from ('a|M' t'olony at the time of the (iicat Trek, was Mci)arali'd from tiic latter by the Oran};e Uiver, luul British Basutolaiid and Natal nsible for them. The fact that tliey settled among natives in territmies which were not British did not seem to the latter authorities any reason for disavowing their citi- zenship. This i)rinciple was always acted up(l in tl.o Volksraad, of rtftv-H.'lit Mi.'ml),.rs, ,.|,.,t,..l by sutriao,. of tli,. I„.rn|„.,.s. VuWvx nmsi 1„." wliil.- :Mr.ulM..s I.y l»i-ih or iiatniali/.atiou, 1„. own.Ts of ,val ppoiHTlv ..f ii.>t fss than £!.-((, „:• |,.ss..(..s of iral proiH-riy of an annual rental of £;{)!, oi- liiivc a yeaily in.onu- of not less than VMi), or 1,,. .miuTs of ihtsoiuiI '"•"l"'''> "'■ ""• viil' f CMO, and t x.-.-ntiv.. in a l'i-..si.l,.nt .•l,os..n loi- tn.. years l,y nnlveisal sutrrap., who was assiste.l l.v an .-xccntivc '■"iinnl ,„nsis,i„o .,f a (-...vernnien! Screiary, th.- I.an.l.lrost (Ma};is- irat.) of tl„. raiiital. an:.stion was as to vhieh eonntrv should rule it. Finally th.- Hritish seized and oeeupied the Diamond I lelds territory, afterwards awaidii,;; it ;o fhief Waterl.oef, of th.. •""1"" "■''"■• "I"' '■'"■" ' i'- ^^■|"'Il WateW.oer ask he Hritish State «4r,0 - IHM) lor yiehliiii; its claims. ' l'r..si,l..nt ISran.l was unusually ^s,.e an.l fa; s.-.-in^'. ami ha.l I... l>.-.'>i l.v.u^ in isiii. tlu. orat.j:.. Fr.v State w..nl,l n.-v.-r have h.st its 'd.-ntity, f..r !.-• woul.l n.u liav.' joim..! with th.. Transvaal in the w-ir against Fn^laml. In ISM, wh,.n th.- Transvaal Hoers w.-re prepai.ini; ..r war, I'r..snl,.nt Hran.l r.d.ulT..,l all ..v. tur-.s for .......perati.ni In l.^S,. wh..n I'r..si.lenf Kn.^M-r went to HI...Mnf..nt..in an.l pr..p„Hed an Mumrr for .■omnieiYial an.l military pnrp..s..s. I'r.-si.lent Brand in THE ORANGE FREE STATE. '•<"• t..n v.^,rs bttt . V . , • ^'" ''■•■'■ *"""■ *'""' » '""'uallv .^"i«.d...ii:Su:::; ;;::.,;;;; ;";;■;• ■ --1.,... „.._ ,.'''""^'' "ak.. the Tvansvaal's .iause also t'h.. slnii-tly aft.'r war was .I.'ti<^^^^l ^^ . ^■^■"dlt^^^H .. '^^^ *^ # S^vl^ k .■ ^*T --■ .■■ai.« ■'' ■■' 3^^ ^s^swr''!@fw ■-— . . •»7t ^V^ '^R l£» r. ■■■',. f.' liSWffWBRiR;!- •^ -■" < 'i'.'-v. < fc.> y THE PRESIDENCY AT BLOEMFONTEIN, CAPITAL OF ORANOE FREE STATE. A BOEB AND HIS TEN SONS EQUIPPED FOB FIELD SERVICE. itlAKKuT SQUARE AND TOWN ilALLi BLOIIAIFONTEiN.— Bioemfontein, the capital, ia the most progressive town of the Orange Free State, jteing essenuaily an agricultural country, the capital is the chief market for all products of the Boers. During the week the Market Square is crowded with bullock wagons loaded with wool, hides and sheepskins, forage (oat hay), and bags of grain. It is located directly on the line of railway connecting with the coast. Boers of the Free State are more progressive in agriculture than their kinsmen of the Transvaal, and nave become prosperous through their dealings with the BngtSih. The town ball of Bloemfontein is used in the civil government of the town. Tm PrMldcncy eX Bloemfontein is built in a distiuci style of Dutch architecture and is compoted of stone and brick. It is the executive mansion of the Chief of the State and all diplomatic functions are held here. KrOMtad is the second important town of the Free State, and like Bloemfontein it is located in the center of an agricultural district. Th« Qroup of Bmm. father and ten sons, shows the fighting spirit and determination of this hardy race. From mere childhood the young Boer is taught to handle a rifle. The Boers marry at an early age and usually settle down on a farm adjoining the old homestead. Thus a small settlement is established, over which the older Boer is supreme chief. DYNAMITE HOUSK NEAR THE MINES. METaoD OF Landing cattle. m-' %- #^ ^^ NATIVE MINE POUCE AND THEIB WIV«a Hi th( tht del Wli n-ii oui n\v bel lidi b(H' miH tli<> t(>( |H>I1 nat fJATIVE,WA8H-WOM«N AT WORK. -eventing dl.tarbu.cet ud thefu of wld^ T^ey .re^„ mL.i ~L L.'°P'''^'^.J» '•'»'«" '" »»»• mine. ^e» otbe. are .pread upon biuhe.. ti». an.i f.W~-r^r?ir^ °° "'"«" '™ _tnine. R^irrar tin/l*«> rrtnt-i^ -.f ai.-«-> , «. .--, ™™ ., tt. ^Tjsxis^ i^i^sjsr.s.'s aai^ tHB ORANGE FREE STAT^. 4d tliey nro now guilty; tbt' object of which is to cud the independeuce of the African nation. "We are related to our sinter Ueimblic, not only by ties of blood, of coniimHsion, and of coninion inti-rest, but also by a formal treaty, ren- dered necessary by circnnistances, and we are bonnd to assist' them whenever they should be unlawfully attacked, whicii, alas, we have had reason to expect for n long time already. "We therefore cannot tolerate that wroufj; to be done to them, and our own liberty, acciniied at so hifrh a jirice, to be endanjtered, but are as men bound t.. opinise it; trnstiii}; in the Alniiffhty L(U'd, in the tirm belief that U> ill never sulT(>r wroii},' and Injustice to triumith, and con- (idinf; in our {•nod rifjlit in the eyes of ilim and all the world. "Thus if we opjM.se a mijility enemy, willi whom we have always been desirous of liviii-; in friendshii., in spite of wron<; and injustice suffereil frcun them in the [last, we solemnly declare, in the presence of the Almifjiity Lord, that we are driven to do so thron>{h the wronj; ilone to our relations, ami throufjh the kuowl(Hl},'e that the end of their inde- IH'udt'Uce will lender insifjnilicant our own existence as an indeiwudeut nation. "Let none of your deeds in the war, to which we are forced now, IN THE OLOAMINO. "Have B care, Paului, or the wind will blow your llitlit ou>.' —Prom "Judy" (London). be such as would not beseem a Christian and burgher of the Oranue Free State. . " "Let us trust for a favorable end to this war, relying niton the aid of Him without whose as>r-rn\si " ^l'l{ESn>EXT KIHMSEU AXI> FHW PIPE DHEAV. From "St. Pa,,! PimicorPrcss." H!,».mf»!,f,.i„. Unt,.!,, nmlor (i,-,.,.,,.! E,...,.,!,, on the I'Ml, of .M^o' l".M rosttlont kntKor is s.nokh,- liis ,,i,.,. an.l .ItvaniittK >l.at i • s Iriv in!; the Knt.sh out of Bloeinfoiiteiu, but it in merely « ,],,'«, *^ 3 a " 2 ^c " S „ (t "1 'Di p) I 1 2 er' ) 3 tt ( f' ansa s\n rfi a ?. g c. tn ff H E ; 11 o B cr c C3 Q< c GO ff*i ' r-ogz ^ 2 if n 1"? ' O 1 ». -i rt rt y = 1^3 ■< B S < 3 =-B>?B S. I? rt B Sid is"" B-B- «! tr.-. c ff.Q ^ST B 2 cr'" •?> a ** o 2 '^ BJE el ft?" 3gS S _ o c ::,a &0 r* S 8twSibIemome^ S-l^irh^.^^ v ^"}*' "' «>eol(l in till' Oraii;;*- Fret- Slutc and llii> TrauHvaiil, Houtli Afiica would liavc rfnuiiiii'd an aInioHt nn- known land to tlic world at lai'(;i>; tlicrc wonid liuvf Ix'cn no rnHli to that H<>rtion epitomized in a para<;ra])h. Diamonds were first discovered in Mouth Africa in 18()7 and 1S(!!), but it was not until 1870 that the rush set in to Oriiiualand West, which is just to the westward of the Oran}{e Free State. Ten thousand miners encamped in 1871 in Kimberley, where, within an area of three and a half miles, nine-tenths of all the diamonds have been discovered. The diamond mines are craters of extinct volcanoes filhMl with blue }{rouhd of Igneous orij!;in. The De Beers Mining; Coiiii)any was first founded iu 1880, with a capital of £200,000. In 188:1 De Beers expanded Mito the De Beers C<)us(didated Mines, Uniited. In 1885 there were jtractically only fcMif mines yleldinp; diamonds, but they were in the possession of forty-two <;anuition It had dipped as low as 18s. (Id. The annual output of dianu>nds avera;;es over £;!,0(»0,0()0, one-thir^oU\ was in tlie hands of a great cori>orntion, of which Ce lalcH raii;:e IJiver, foniid some hriyht stidies in ilie lied of the stream. Tlie farmer showed these to a l>assinn ostriehdrinter named t/Heillev, who took them to (;• iham's Town and had them lesteil, the resnlt liein^r that llie.v were proiKMiined nnusiially pure diamonds. Some of them were parcliased l»y Sir I'liili|> W'odehoiise, liovernor of ("ape Colony. Children niiiiinned to )Miint the way to wealth, for in 1S70 they nnearlhed diamonds where their existence was not suspected— on tlie lii^ih tableland between the \aal and the Modder rivers. In tlie mud, which Farmer Dii Toils I'an used to build bis house, children dii-; out a diamond, and in piilliii;; u|i a plant another child found a diatiiond wei;;liin;r >-\ilh{y carats clinjrin^r to the root.s. In .liily, l.>'i71, tlie richest mine of all was foiimi on the KolesberK- Kopje, and then came I)e Heers' "new rush." Kimberley was founded in the iieiy:liborl d of this mine, which was named the Kimberley, after the Mritish Colonial Secretary. Later small di;;^'int;s were fouiid in the ()raii;;e Free State, Kossifontein and .Ia;;ersfonteiii. Kimberley is now itself a veritable diamond mine, for stones to the value of £1MM>(HMI (*!HMMHMMMM») are usually stored there in mammoth vaults, ;.niiii-ded liy armed men. This was one {jreat reason wliy tlie Hoers were .so eajrer to caiiture Kimbi-rley, and why Cecil Rhodes pre- ferred to endure the inconveniences of the siey;e. The diamond mines under control of the I>e Heers Corporation pro- duce .'»,.')<>'• carats per day, the stones hc'iufi at once sent, under stron>j escort, to the comjwny's headquarters at Kimberley, and (lelivered to "'"■ " "'""'•'* '" « li"i«<'. I'ii'sl Ihey are cleaned by bolliuj; iu u mix- line oi iiiiiic and sulphuric achls, then soii.mI in respect to siy.e color '""' l""''^' "•"' 'i''"'b I'lid out on a br.u .imter covered witli si is of while paper. The nllMeiiin}; heaps or diamonds of all shades deep .vellow. blue white, deep and liylii l.r.wn, a varh-tv of bhies, greens "" "''•''• '""'^•' ■' "'"^' I'l'-'imitiii;.' spectacle, whi.h few perHonsJiow- ever, are ever permitted to Maze upon. The sortin;; of thes(. sl.mes is 'III nil ill itself, piod, ke.en eyes and sharp jud-iiieiit beinj; alike neces- sary, and expert diamond. sorieis aie jiaiil hiyji salaries. The lai-est dJaili 1 in ihe world, called 'he "FxcelsiolV wei'dliU' %-| carats, was found in l,s!.;! at .la-erslontein. It is not tlie'iiio-'i valuable, liowever, as it is not aliscdiilely iniie. i'onirary to current opinion, dianiomls of ijie -reatest value are mt fouml near the surface of ,1,,. -loinid. line lev. I of ih,. mi-litv Kim- berli.y .nine is l,.-,-!! i.vi ,|„wii in tlie bo«..|s of the ..a.ili. ai^.l another '■•'' '•'• '" >"l'"" '"I'll" >'( iIm- sulfa..-, ill whi.h the eariv pros- pc.tors f<.iiml their wealili. has „ ,lu- throufih ami the -I'lu,. -round" IS iM.injr work.Ml I.I iiiipr...e.b.nted deiuhs. This peculiar formation ap- pears to be practically inexhaustible. Nowhere else is this ii.Miiliar blue ipiartz to be fonii.l, so it has be.-n calh'.l kimb.-rlite. The .lie^riiiKs at Kiiiiberl..v hav.. .1 niu.li to .x- plain the formation of i iani.m.l itself, for kimlierliie is of ..fuptive ori-in, the diamon.l in it having: I n forni.d bv Ih.- tremendous h.-at (ieneratc.l at the time of the .rui n. It is verv linnl, but alters ami softens under moisture and air, so the niim-rs haul ih.- bin.- -romi.l ti. the surface and spr.-ad it out t.i .jisinte^rrale ii;ii iirallv. Tlieirit is hai- r.iwed and allow.-.l to stay for six m.inths „y a v ■.afterwards being sent to tlie.rushin- works, where it is wash, d an.l rolled bv niachinerv until every bit .,f f.^vi-n matter has b means the dull pebbh's <'omnionly des.Hbed. On tli.' .■onlrary, they are bri^dit and sparklin", but of .lilT.'ivnt values, the .jeterminathin of whicli is a matter of flM' very hi^rhest skill. Katlirs are n.niulv on.pb>yed for f),e !,,.iivv WoHda- of thr mines wiehliiifr ,he drills and dointr the blasting'. Thev have neither tlip ambition nor tlie . apncity fo ris.' above tlie laborers' state. Owinp UK iu u uiix> hi HJ/.f, cnlor I Willi nIm'i'In sliililcs, llt'l'jl )liii's, jircciis t'I'HOIIN, llllW- 'HC HlldlCH is iiliki- iii'i't-H- r," Mfinllill;.^ Ill till' iiHi-'i iiliic arc iini iiiylil.v Klm- aiiil II Mill her ' I'iii'l.v proH- •Iiic ;:i'(>unir' iriiiiitiiin tip- I ii liaH lii'cii IllUrll III i-x- iif t'l'uptivc ['iiiloiiH Ii,>at r altiTs ami (' firdiiiid 111 I'll it !■< liMi- viinis lii'iiifj • iiiacliiiii'ry I* (lianmnilH ' iiii'ki'ii out lull pi'hiilcs I spai'kliii;,', IftlT of till' ii.'" DiiiiCR, ni'itli(»i' tlip to. Owing WiiAf k''*^'*'?'^'*^'^'*'*'.^,"^ FORCE,-When General French Iwgan liis anipaign for the relief of Kimtjerley he had before him one of the severest tasks of (he war. Z,}i W ■ "PPli" at Naauw I'oort, he moved northward. The Boer • .rces were divi.Ied iulo two principal divisions, the one in the east before Ladysniith IjeiiiR under tin conimaud of General Toulwrt. and the one in the went nii-r.lp.h«f.. ..!i.J..rO»n»r°!'''-""i» u was "— '•^'•" ■■•■"— i' -h" — 'ro— r.-l '" al F-.-si-'i a-i ' who piauuci Mj .utceasiuiiy themanir repulses the Bnttsh met with in the wesrbe'forethey finaUy"«eVe successfu"ir "The" ifiustVation he/e'gVve'nis'of General French 'scavalrir mfles in eit^t'°"'^°" "* * Orange I'ree Sute border iu the viciiji.y of Colesbeig. The troops are moving forward in squads scattered over a territor)- oi .|°sl u-So ■On .-.3 »i;a5-& sail's -^Sg.^ s Ts Zl >» !; o r BS bo" " -Z «i3 s !: •) 00- ~ -Z ui --If IIP Sua E a <_•¥§«' lllll ill! "Ifgl ilil ,Q S O g 3 D "•" tfi tn g Q °J >-.h| •§ &| ^ « 5 2 1 3 B 3 „-"5 I "".2 3 I ■c 5 _ « " -^ S 2 - « Ji "« S iHs* u ti o I ill -o.a *a o THE DIAMOND AND GOLD TREASURES. to their natural aptitude for thieving the most elaborate precautions are taken to prevent them from stealiny diamondH the.v find. Ah each man leaves the mine at night he striiw to the skin and submits to a search of mouth, ears and nose. Wen' he to swallow a diamond he would be caught, as this is an old trick and worthless. The compauies try to prevent stealing by offering j)remiums for the fiuf his ability in manipiihstin^r st=;rk conipanien. lie had iiiilc ednra tion but was adapted to just this line of business, and for yeai-s made money with phenomenal rapidity, built a palace in London, and for a 57 few years his name was familiar to al.l Ejigland. lie formed new com- panies by the dozen, sold the stock at a high figure, and was regarded as a man whose luck would carry him through. lie fli-st ajipeared at Kimberley in IHTl as an actor, but soon de- serted the stage for siK-culation and diamond-dealing. All South African stocks were known as "KaiWrs," and Harnato was the king of Kaftiria as long as his good fortune lasted. The English were .razv on siM'cuIation and the stock of every "Kattii-" projeeople in England were utterly ruined. Harnato's mind failed and he was put on board a steamer at < 'ajx' Town for LiverjMM)!, acconipanitil bv a guaid, but he succeedwl in escaping the laftei-'s vigilance and threw himself over- board. A strange feature of the case was that his body floated on the surface of the water and was recovered. The gold mines of the Transvaal were first worked to advantage, or in a practical way, in 1887, since which time, up to January, IJtOO, about £50,000,000 (1250,000,000) worth (.f .uv had been taken out, while dividends to the amount of fully £9,000,000 (i«!45,tmo,000) had b<-en pai,i at £20.0(I(M»0() ...ul oMs;;^'!':; l!--./!^^r"l'' ";'"•"' "'•■•'^'"'^ "■ *"" ^.-ansvaal at the ;s.r;:u:;:i!;;;:;;:i.r;.;t.:;=^^^^ ;i;r;:::.;;i;::'i:;:.;r--- The .,uautit.v of ^ohl n.ine.l i„ the Witwatersraii.i uohl i fs for a S ;:;';;.::'■;]•:'.";: '"r "' -""^ '" '■""^"'•■""' •^--!'. -.^;;;: p.l. M.tlOUS. this iH-IUj; ,1,.,., .„ jr,,..,t „„,„„,„, ,„ „ I.,,,,,,,,,,,,.:..,.,.. small cost Of fretting the metal out of the groumi. ^ ""'1''" <'»'*« '> 77//: niAMOXD AXD GOLD TREASURES. 4/v TKYIN(J TO HITTT TIIK |{(„'k OF I'I!()(,KKS8. Fnun "Denver TimeH." 1 «.»gH's«. John Bull ,H lookiuK "n and Retting his gun ready. if showed men from :'>ee State 1 the way the artist le rock of ■berleyS Rh«k?lwTt tt~p™fit If^rm^Tduri^^^^^ ■?•"' »«'»?»"«!•• the world In a speech made shortly after the relief of ctlon, .„ .hat the profits will bL sti?l"reater i^'tlS ve"™"""«ole"' ffi ^"4i't*'^rd=""k^--i^ '""''f "l'" T'i ,*' r °'" ,*'"•'«¥»;'■ """». «"•' ^e Kimberley, indications 1 .«..,^ „,, §rcat that no estimate uflTicprobai)!^ rxi'rurMn'^lje niLd»'"'Thi"iiVri\!T.;.i ^^"^.^™.'i""wT '"-"T"" p-/;-;"iri-.g esrt;-, !!-,si •,my V^ reaci.r.! by Ihr workings of these mines i>iao older.. The diamond mines of A ricrhat^for mZy vearXl^u^l nv,r ^« ^^ '"fit *'" mP "'1^ i"« Government cf JohanneSbui. where he h3d. C il,;^.*£'SP?rf-?i QENERAL JOUBERT, the Commander in rhi.f '^i ,'u.'^ --!-—. — .^.. .— .„., ^„„ „,c ripprnva! or tnc great ualiuu* of liie world. = CIIAPTEU V. CiECIL B110UE8, BUILDEK OF AN EMPIRE. HE KciMs liutt' till' EngliHli with an iuti'iisity that is littlo less tluiii i)lu'ii()nn'iiiil, and the essence of thia liatred is directed toward Cecil Khodes, in whose iKTson the Transvaal burgher fluds the embodiment of everything! Hritish. Oom Pmil invariably refers to Khodes as "that murderer," whenever he can so far over- come his loathiuf{ for his enemy as to refer to him at all. ^'ext to relirce and sheer weight of jiersonal i)ow('r, hesitating at n<»th- ing, never ((msidering fdistacles, and deeming no sacrifice too great when an end is to be attained. Lobeiigula, a Zulu chief, once said of him, "Ho eats a whole country for his dinner." A writer of prominence, who visited him in South Africa at his 61 home ami had a good opixtrfunity to make a careful study of this won derful personality, summed him up as follows: "He has the face of a • 'aesar, the ambition of a Loyrda and the wealth of a Croesus." Khodes is btit forty-seven years of age, having been born in IS-jS, and, like hi.", arch-enemy, Kruger, is a jih; ' al as well as an intellectual giant. Over si.x feet in height, he is broi;,., heavy and muscular in ])ro- Iiortion, and Colony on the south, thus virtually placing England in control of the richest, most fertile and most valuable part of that country. As England is mistress in Egypt as far south as Om- durman, which is across the river from Khartoum, and from the Cape north to the scmthern line of the Transvaal, tiie completion of the contemplated railroad would afford her a line of communication that would bring the Soudan and South Africa so closely together as to make the real distance between them upjx'ar as nothing. Khodes wants England to exercise a sovereignty over Africa that cannot be disputi-d. (Sreat Britain is extending her influence by nego- tiations and treaties wherever it is not absolutely necessary to do so by fighting, but she causes it to be understood that she is ready to fight at any and all times, no matter who may be her opjionent. She relies upon Rhodes in a thousand ways, and there have been instances when be wa., consulted even over the heads of the Queen's immediate 62 CFXIL RHODES, BUILDER OF AN EMPIRE. I! \/ m ofBcial repivspntiitivos for tbe reason that he nnd.'i-Nlond th<' situation iiiori' tli(H'<>ny;lilv. Wliilf- I..' loves ni.mc.v, it is iiu.rd.v for tiit" aid and assistance it rcndcis in tlie cairvin},' out of liis aniltitions piojccts; li,. loves iKiwer, l>iit does not caic for .dlice or station; but alxive all, lie is Hlled with' the desire to see. befoiv he dies, tli(> tdiisninnialion of his life-work, the realization of his dieaiM-lhe Wnyr „f K„jjia„d floating over Afriea! Never in the historv of the world was a man so eonsnnied with ambi- tion solel.v an.l wholly for his eountry. lie eared 'or nothiuj,' eiw; of himself he never thinks; Kii-land is all to him. Hhodes is not at all .scrniMiloiis as to the methods nsed in arriving at a Kiveii iM.int or Kaiuin;,' jM.ssessicm of what he seeks. Human life IS not refiaided as worth savin}; if it stands in his wav, and this is why Oom Paul ref.Ms to him as "that mnr(h.rer," or the I{oer exeeiitive lias held Khod.'s responsible for more than one of the wars in South Afri.a. II.. has also sai'-l "".i tlieir power broken, and their i »" '•'>'«''"urs beneflt. lie does not b.dieve si ha •n.ghty territory as tli,. Hritish ,M,ssessions in South Afriea have ..rown to be shoub be rule.l from Lon , by , who have never b.-en fnriher awi^v from lioii.e than Brighton or ,M.ssibly l-aris. He i„ „ p.,„, ,,pa| „f "" •':;";";;'"• ^"'' :- •"•• ••""•- i.. t...xatio„ without representation. L.t them go ami rea.l the Constitution ..f the United States" he exchiimed upon one o.casion when tl. hom. rule agitation was going .m ,n Lnglaml, "instead of speculating on this am nbting on that There is n.. s|M.culation or doubt about that .b.ciiment. Home rule i. •H.tan exiH.r.ment, for it has been worked out an.l solve.l succe.ssfullv in t!u> lilted Slates for more than one humlred years, but some of fho«e ofh.ials in Kngland never r,.,.! anything. Tli,.y don't want to learn " wh..;V/"""/"""' r!''" *'"' '■^"«"'^'' "'■««I"M-.H were filled with abuse of Mi.it they termed "South .yri.an ambitions," their villification of him ..-..g unusually bitter, he ,.oni. ited ,,uite freely upon the attacks and said, among other things: V ..L-7'"" 'V'"" T "^ '""' "'"* """ ^" •'^"'i">rt"". Hunker Hill and \o ktown. ^ow, I ai yal to England. Nobo.ly doubts it. The Cane 'H loyal, too Hut in England they shouhl remember that <.,mtinued nsi,.e, deafness to protests and misrepresentation will alienate the tines and tnost loyal citizen or subject. If England interferes with n« name." ' "™ "^ "*"""' ''^^^'''' "*'"'"''"'' ^'^ " bad-sounding To combine all the elements in that region and form them into a " eoherent inasH ,s hanlly among the possibilities, but when Rhodes threatened the ,.olitieians of Englaml they knew h.. meant something at least, even if they di them on." The sentiment expressed so concisely to t ieneral out of the ground in his claims in ..r.ler tliat he shimid not miss lliem, but in si»ite of all this Midas-like gener- osity of old Mother Nature Kliodes never exhibited elation or suTprlsc. Mis head was never turned. He was simply forging the key that was to unlock the docu- admitting him to a more extended and wider field of action. Oidy (ince in his lifetime, so a voracious chronicler at Kimberley relates, did this strange nam ever take an apparent interest in uL wealth, or any part of it. «»ne day, to the surprise of all, he filled a pail to the brim with bright ami shining diamonds, and then poured oui the glittering lieap again, repeating this action several times with an almost ,. lalt-i- will, a l,i-,is.|".'n....M almost appioarlnnj; iM.I.-m.ss. \k t" la.in^^ a woamn-halMr. as has ofK-n l.m. rl,ai-,.,|. h, „|,.s i|,ai j,,. IS auvllnnK "f Hi." soil, sa.vln^r ,|,a, „s I,., has no tin... to .h-vot,. to ||„.„. lit' H,.,.s no .-..ason wh.v h.. sh„..hl s.-ck th.-ir .■.mipanionshl,,. F..,.|h,.,- than that, h.- is also ,|uot.Ml as sa.vinfr, h,- is n..t awa.v that w..m.-n hav.- aii.vlh.nf; to roinplain of, ns th...v hav lost nothin-, in his ..pinion |,v licmy: (h-piiv.-il ..f his s.icictv or fnt-i.tlship. Ili.s ..in- w.akn.'ss is his low f,,,- thinj-s that aiv l>nt,l., a.ul th.. "I'l.T th.-.v aiv tl... l,,.tt.r h.- Iik..s lh,.|i.. His houses aiv li with th.M.. aii.l ho shows thon, with tl„. ntn.ost pfi,|,.. ||.. has s.-vial ics n.u-s" oa.h s.iiionn.l.Ml l.v ...M.-nsiv fffonn.ls, an.l i a... of ih..s,. k.-.-ps nianv ''""""'••■■■""'<•<■ in Natal, th.. two hast..nin^Mo< iH.nm- lan.l M ,.si wh..n th,.y h..ar.l ..f || iamon.l .lis<-..v,.ri,.s th,.,,.. Il..rl'..rt "■'"* '''"'■'' "•' I"".tin^^ an.l IWU .•on.l„,t,.,l the mim.s al.m.. l...intr n.ost sn.r,.ssfal. Having m.w pl,.nl.v of m.me.v h,- r,.t,.rn...l to Kn.Han.l au.l f„„sh,..l h,s,.on,.,s..at ()xfo,..|, faking his .1,.};, aft.-r whi.h 1... ,■... """7,'*'" ^ "'"I"""'" "f. "'«""■'<'«. whi.h w..r,.h„at,.,l,„.arKiml.,.,h.v 1-or v,.a,s th,. min..s in an.l a, 1 Ki,n|„.rl,.y ha.l !.,.,.„ fallini; into the Lan.ls of a f,.w shr,.w,l „„.„ who w,.,v .l,.t,.,.,nin,..l to ...nt^.l th.. output of th.. .Iistrht, until the.v w,.,v all in th.. possessi..n of th.. r^v.. 'T,.'"', " ^'^'""""'"-^ .•..n.panh.s, two l.itf.r ami ,l,.t..rmin...l malH. I{|,o,l..s was .„„. of th,. ,,rin,i,,al own,.rH of tl„. 1>,. B,.,.rs sto.k havtnfT I .,.,, a ,,ui,.t pur.has,.r f..r thre,. or fo„r y..ar«, an,l, in I.SSS,' co„..,.,ve,l th,. ,.l..a .,f ...nsoli.Iatin}, ,h,. tw., int.. o„,. ..omp,,,,,., whi,h would become the master of the diamond iudustrv of the world I're- Cr.Clf. RHODES. lUlinilR OF .l.v liMIVkn. Heutlu^. the H..he.n.. to ,h.. Uoths.hihis in l.on.l |{| « .a..,.,.,..l,.d ">"-n.nK .h..m as his ha. I..,s ami ,1... an.al,.., a.i..n was ... .'I MIS. I u. n..w .•..mpany was orf;ani/...,l with a .apiial ..f £4 (KMM)OI) iiH.ml mims b,.in« m th.. n..i-h(,o, h.MMl .f a,(H((MMIO ''""'« •^'■"■'"""1 of f;>eat protiis in his .liamoml min.. inveslmeut " . s ."<■" . M........ his at...ntion ... th,. ...hi ,h.|.|s ..f th.. Tran ' . ;'" : '"' '•"' """""■'• <'l'l-H"Mi.y ..f ,1.. nstraliuK Mis abili. ';"'"""'f.^^'"" "" '■■•" "''i^ 'I'-ls." That 1... was a ^i , 1 '<"' -Ml most a.lioit in .ariyin,. ..n, what h.. ha.l ...mei a ' ai ; ■•'-'-..a,..,, f.,r i, was not hm, b.-n,.. l... ,,.s as intia,: M |X « l.l-mtmn. w..rl, as .lia ..I ..ir.l..s, his ..,T..rts having r..snl t. I i, "" '"•"":••"".' "^ 'V"-.M.Iat.,l ( I n..|.|s..f S.mth Afri.a, Lin U . n ".«an..a,ion so p..w,.,f„, as to .... th.. virttm .tat..r of I ^ ^ -Hat . t.. th.. p,...,m.,H,n an.l shipin.n. .,f th.. j,ol.| of ,h.. ....n,in..r ' ,,, '' ^ ''"■*-'"" • '" "f " vast Miitish S..nth .Vrri..an empire '' ""^ ""• """••' '"-"•■ "'"•' • w,.nty.|iv,. y..a,.s .,f a,... II.. w , ^ ""■ «ay to j;,..at ri.hes ,h..n, ami ...nfhh n, t nshh. T.f ,..n y." I's o he W..MI.I ... ,if,y tia.os a milli..nair... It was not ,...,, ho .... "'" ;•'"'•;• "11 •l.in,^s ..ntir,.|y, so h.. wnl int.. politi..s .-arl • an was' ;■;" ." "":< "I.e 'arlia n, as ,1.,. .,.pi.s,.n.ative from Ma k v" Ms .n.an.-.a ability |..., ,o his app..intment as ,r..asur,.r f.'.r V^. « "'">'.v. «"•! Iat,.r as .■ommlssi.aa.r .,f works, an.l his shr..w.ln..ss n "I him to H...huanala...l, wher.. ..i,iz,.ns of ,1... Transvaal ha.l set "|. .«o .ii.l..p..n.l..n( i..pnbli.s. ,.«,.!, v..ry small, bat of snfli.i,.nt size .» l«-nmt th,. fi..,.boo„.rs .ar.yinj; ...it ,.xl,.nsiv,. s.h,.m..s of r,.l,berv. "". ler th.. admin,strali..n .,f .,„.. .1. Van Ni..k..rk, a .ifi..,, of th,. Trans- vaal, wh., ma.l.. Vrybnr,. the .apital, proini»,..l to b.. troubl,..som,. by elosiMK up the roa.l to th,. int,.rior. Int,.nt upon H....nrinK eomin..reial as well as polKi.al a.lvantaK.s, Kho,I,.s pursu,.,l a ,lilT,.r,.nt .'ou..,,. from that o.itlin.Hl by tl„. Hritish .■on.missiom.r pr,.viousIv s..„t tlu-re ami by s,ein,nfrly P'antiuK Van Xiek,.rk favors, an.l apnaivntly ....iu! .HiinK in l.lH .iaims as t.. th,- l.-jrality .,f th,. spuriouH little republ'ie s,..nr,..I a ,..,stp.,n..m..nt in the .arryinjf .,nt .,f vari.ms freebo,.ting M-ojee.s, and so effe.tually lulled the ba.k.rs of th,. musbruom nation CECIL RHODES AND "LONa CECIL." When K.r„i,erley was besieged by the Boers, the British were left without guds of sufficient ranue to oronerlv rt.f^nH l?!"?f.'«"- The_ Boers from theirslroriKtrenche. hurled shells into the town at a fearful rate. A Prenchman. M, Ubram*! who wr^t iimi^rl.v ^[in^/ALt .Se !.t;!mir-.!mtr.r! a itrtig-ii,!-- ytic, ric urgiin uj- mriKin^ tnc tooir. ncccssarv to construct the — ... ,. .ii =. -uc mine. . ... - - ".. iresaii uj ui-.iiiiii; 111= luuiL. uttusiary .„ cor.iiruci lue guu. Tl.c uuu was compieted in three Weeks at thpinmrka nf tttl'nl n.l,^ In like manner ammunu.on was »«'le /or it, JVhen pjaced i_nj»M^^^^^ "Lon^.C^ciV' workS^ rdrntab^ an^wL r„stru„^„?/,Y„' keepi^ng the Boers at bay until relief came. The.illustration s^hows Cecil Rhodes watching the ef!ect on the enemFoTthe shells thrown IT'lZl cTtiV'" MTabr'am wa killed by the last 100-pound shell thrown into Kimberley by the Boers. . 7 .«. vu.uwu ..y i^ung \.eai. m. t,aDram wa was 5.g; V g =» &s^.S-<» 5- 1^ 'Ml, I tfl o 3^5 «■* u 5 _ E .^ (T O.T} 4j %i --■a .. p »< P &'>,fc,.i6 J 31 the ( CECIL RHODES, BUILDER 01- AN EMPIRE. s!( S-'-- '3 14 I 0. ['♦3 ^ B 8.0.5 into a U'vWng of faiulc.l Hccuiit.v Hiat wln-n tli<"y thought they wm- on llria gniuud ami r.-allv Hafc, thi'.v were tliKl th.' HritiHh ill full poMHCHHioii of .•v..r.vihiii-. S....minjjlv .liivit in fVt'othiiiK h<' atl..in|.t.Mi, Ithoilcs often ,, V u .■iiTuitouH loulf in anix- ing at a jfivcn poim in order (iial t.i .ii-, ,. '• niiKJit !»■ (i.-ccivtMl ami ihtiH iciiilereil Wm ,0(K» to aid in the openiiif; up of .Mashonaland, this bi'lnji taken out of the re- served surjiius, it lU'oved to have been the best investment the De Reers directors ever made. It was about 1«H1 tiiat Kiiodes made his first «leclaration as to his itnperial ambitions, when lie said ii.- was determined to see that the nritish eniidre siiould be ( xtemled to tli.. /ambesl river, which meant the weldinjf of scores of inliarmoiiious states, tribes and i.eoples into one homotjeneous dominion. Hince tliat declaration he has {rone steadilv forward towanl his Koal, but even though it slu.iild not be reache.l duriuf; the first .piarier of (lie jiresent c. iitury, the honor of the con- ception will always l:e awarded Khodes. The latter even accepte.l F)arlininentary censure rathtr tlian abandon his ideal, which lie felt sure would be realize.l, but feari!i«- betrayal chose to dose his mouth in order to effectually jirotect his secrets. It linH been sniil of Rlioilou fl..> ^.o- .• ...:ii: -• -...^i. ... imagination which placed him in a class all by himself; he has been described, too, as an imperial Socialist, who accepted the doctrines of the State scientists and put them into practice by acting upon them. ' • • ^* ''' '• '"' ''"T""-' ''•"••" tl- average Socialist, wiio miMinill coie .'H Ills atfution .o the social side, but both were in' accord in beliei,; l.at the service of the community not the building up of ...eat ortuneH was the duty of a man who sought to benetl' his feMowl. Klnides being a man of |„ „n for throwing money awav without object. "m'osI millionaires degenerate into safe-keys in bnvclies, their liv.-s r dreamed of before Rhodes began to pay it to them— the restilt being that when they are too old to work they have enough to keep them tl To CECIL RHODES, liUlLDER OE AX EMPIRE. II tli." ivmaimlPr of tlit'ir lives, f„r H,,. Kaffir r.M,uin-s but litth" for his wants. In his jr,.|,| mines, also, notwitlislandinj; 111,. r\^n\ disciiilim', 111.' wofkincn aiv lanjjlil lo savo soiiu-iliiiitt. Kliodcs Las always souf,'lil' to itrol.'.l (leoph. afjainsi tlicnisclvt-s, wliitcs as woll as bja.ks, for one of the wist' saws Ihal forever ^uuUhX him in his .ourse was ••.Men ar<. bat .hihlron of a lai-er growth, wiih less s.-nse in the main than in- fants, for Ih.. latter drea.l the tire lliat on.e bnrne,] them, while men return to I he Hanie to be burned apiin." One of Kh.ides' friends, who made a riose sindv of this remarkable iiian, havin- been aieord.-d an inliiiiar.v few ev.-r enjoyed, is autliorilv for the asserlion Ihal lliis eni|.ire-lMiilder was -yer essentially a reli- flionsl.y-ni.lined nian;lhai if oneeould but iniaf;ineoiie of Hie oldKoman emperors .rosse.l xviih one of Oliver fromwell's Ironsides, Hi.- result bein;,' bronchi np at the feet of lf.r„aii„s Loy„|a. th.. -realest of Jesuits the anialt;am w d liav.. been the stranf;e prodint im-n railed I{|i s' Like iiian.v sons of ,ler,«yiiien he was n.-ver a .iHiivliman; born in a reetorv, h.- ae.rpte.l nothinfr he did not und.'istand, and in spit,' of the awful inassaer..of the Matabeles, wliieh he deeme.l absolut.dv neees- sarv in ovn-omin}.' I.obeufriila, their ,hief, his moral sens.., a.eor.lin.r t.. assertions lua.l,. bv hi ■evolle.l at the i.l.-a of a.r..pli,i^r as of .livine ..riffin tl... Il..br, w wrilin..s whi.h ..xnll.-.l in Ih.- horribl.. sla.iL'hter of the Anialekites. X,.ver .■oiil.l h.- b.. iiia.l.- or in.liie,..l t.. believe in •■••■nial pniiishni..nl; and in numerous thinjis h.- fre.,nentlv «ss..rt..,l that he was an airnostir. niteratin- the stateni..nt, fotimled upon v..ais of retl(.(tii,n, "I do n.it know." H...ause of this < ),.... Paul always spok.. ..f l.'ho.U.s as in iinb<.|iev..r an.l w..rk..d up the FJ.,. is f., a frenzy aj;aiiisi tl,.. man who did not ae,.,.pi' as .•ibsolulelv true ..vervthinK in the (H.I ,ind Xe-.y T.'staments. Kho.les eii.l..avor..d f.n' a Ion- lime lo make frien.ls with Mr. Kriip'r, bu» the alter lurn...l from him as a son of .larkn.-ss and wouhl have nolliin.' to do with the ...•.•..iitri,. Kufrlishman who b,.Ii,.v,.| half that was in the R.ble an.l repii.lial,..l the ..ther half. Klio.les Nvas n..t ,.v,.n anii..v...l nineh I..SS aiif;..r...l, wh..n O.uii Paul turm-d his ba.k. 11,. ^yas in ir' dent adniir..r of the .d.l I{o,.r, wli.ise natural frifts had attra.t...l his attention soni,. y.-ars piv.vioiisly, an.l what the r.-snlt luiKht have b..,.ii what the ,.|T,..t upon Ih,- history .,f the Transvaal an.l. in.h'.Hl. all South' Africa, ha.l I'l lent Kru-..r half way m,.t th..se ami,abl.. oy,.rtiir..H no one could have the tenueiity to prediet, but th.-r,. is „„ ,l„„bt that I will, a b..||er un.lersian.liiif; belwe,.,, the two ni..n, ,.v..nts wonl.l at l.'ast hay., ass I a dilT,.r,.iit phas,-. Wh«t,.y,.r i.l,.as W s may hay,, ha.l ivpinlins f'ligiou were n..t p..rniitt..,l t„ i,.„.i.fe,.,. ,yi,h his p|.a,.ti,.al or w..rl.lly s.hemes, for the foriiu.r were never intrii.l..,l up,,,, th,. publi,. • allow.'.l to b,.,.,mie a fa.tor 111 Ins ,l..alinf;s with men or iii,.asiir,.s; an.l, aft..r a .•areful view of th,. hel.l h,. ,|,.,.i,|,.,| „,„, as 1„. ,.,„il.l not a...ept all the tliinfjH th,' ' l".r.li put befor.. its f.dlo^y..rs as truth.s, ||„. .lomaiii of iHditi.s offer,..! """■" <.|.p<"innili..s f..r advan...ni,.nt. lie aifiue.l within himself Ihal "... ivason ,.xisl,.| why |„. shouhl not as|.ir,. to th,. Tap,. Pr ,.rship, I'lid applyinfr his attention to that, h,. b,.,,ini,. Prim,. Minisl,.r in 1«'<"' Afri.a shouhl b, ,„iiti„m.,| by w.'rkin- ilnmiKh rolonial .hannels, a iH.li.y that met with small .•oimi.l,.rali..n in Kn^riaml „..vin- to the ojH'nly ,..xpr..ss,.,l ,„nl..inpl with whieh th.' -"loni.-s ..f 111,. Kuipii,. were r,.j;ar,l,..l at Ihal per After KnKlan.l ";"' '"''" f""'.* i"t<'iVNt...l ill 111.. Hrilish-lt • war of 18!t!» she .haiifjed h,.r opinion in ,„iiu...'tion with th." Cdonh.s. An anhnt Tap,. < ■.d..nisl, .l,.iM.nd..|it iip.m tli,> snp|M.rl of the Dnteh V..I...S, h,. f,.Ii ilmi h.. was .•,.nip,.ll,.,| t„ shap.. his ,.ourse to pl,.ase lh,.iii, nl hoUKh Ih,. inl..lliK..n... in the Colony was y..st,.d, in the main, in the whiii.s; ,ui 111,. „tlier haii.l, as th,. iii„st iiiilu,'iilial |H.rsoiiaf;,. in the Hril- ish South Afri.a ( •|iart..r,..l Coniiiany, th,. r,.al r..pr..s,.ntatiy,. ..f the ':'"'•"' v..rniii,.nt for the ..p,.ninj; np an.l s..ttl..iii..nt ..f th,- vast tei- nt..iies pla.-...l at his .lisposal by Kiiy;laii.l. he .•onl,ln..t do anvthin- .l.-triiii..ntal t., British iii|,.r,.sls. Pr,.si,l,.nt Knip.r ha.l ,.h..Vish...'i !ir..al hopi.s reirar.liiiK Swazilaii.l. a t..rril..ry Ivin^ b..|w,...n the Trans- vaal an.l th.. s..a, but when Sir Ih-nry Lo.h, Hrilish ili^di erHonalIy f..r the Hr8t time, and while the falli,.r of the burKli,.rs, wln-n ..nfrtaininK the great Englishman aD«I i I'lits would at r«'li{;i()u were ■ sclieincH, for »<><1 to bfcoiiie I cjiri'fiil view he tliiiifTH tlit' oliticH offered himself tliiit l'reinler«liij», lister in 18!»(», f of llie policy by world 11 jj considerulioii III which the fter Kiifflaiiil of 18!>J) she of the Dutch please them, main, in the I' in the Kril- alive of the the vast ter- do anything d cherished n the Traus- ommisHioner the Premier, ml it would laland, Oom This was the hitter's its i'ommer- • into n fed- leiw Kiuger d while the Isbman ami iVLV (illil.s UKKlSNd HAIR. LOADINI} (BATTLE ON THE AFRICAN COAST istoiii iiiudi m vogue wltu iiie uatives oi '^.Tl'lrl. " ^'"" «'''■" "^"^ '^ " '-« '-'•^'^ »I^» -'•> •''■•I'ow'u.^wr Thtin«'7CteS«tri^:^^^ Oae oY the ■""■" " " " ■ "' "^'"'""^ ""j™ in vogue wUli liie utttivesoi and n.r(e1?lZ'=ouKe-v?ri'i'ar .^"^t'iaT^^^^ f "e on board the*;tea„,ers. the .„i..,s a« tied to the aide, of the boat <-j„i "*!"A'**BAAN DANCE in n native compound at a Johaiineaburg mine. This form of dance is one of the most curious customs of the Kaffir tribes, and which th,. indulge m upon festive occasions and on Sundays, when sometimes many hundreds take i>«rt In scanty annml and fc^Jnin^ »4m. .„ »h. kIS.i_»^ . . I?'^ stamp their Set upon the ground, clap their harids, gesticulatiuK and twiLng their bolii.l fnto^^^'Je^ons"?he^l°f ch"ming\nd «™ntCa «rsTaln^^^ unpronounceable guttural sounds, fn the compounds the dance is deprived of some of its fantastic features in the alMnM of !he °f «»«?J^ -iIS*.w^?^^ ^^^ authorities do not permit within the border, of t&e ReBublic. At their kraal,. h„ Jv" f h, n""^ .1" ihlf ?""^J?JS^^ !;"<:'> *^ nf *.hi*K^J""o''i':^'."™ Vi" »"",'"• '"""'.'""'•""K i."",' »^*«Kais anrt shields as they cirile round and rouS their fea8trng"k{n»""Arthe"cI^'rf iii"'amMiS^'^m^^^ of the 1 ght,",a most wonderfully impressive scene is the sudden prostration to the departing sun, after an outburst of the wil" ■ ' - " """""'' *" '*•■' balf an hour silence falls upou the well-nigh frantic horde, ! wildest gesticulations and war-cries, when for 1 CECIL RHODES, BUILDER OF AN EMPIRE. 78 drinking coffee with liim, felt drawn toward one of kucL eonsnmmale ability, he inBtinttively feared the ultimate rcHiilt of the workiuffH of the mind which could devise sclieuiew that, by heighteuinj? the [)ower of En(;laud, meant destruction to ^ > liepublic of the Transvaal. The crowning achievement o. Mr. HliodeH' life, in the opinion of many, was the formation of the Kritish South Africa 'liartered ("om- IMUiy in 188!), tlie granting of the charter by the Parliament of Eng- land, which assented at the end of a session at an hour in the morning when legislation of such im])ortance was not looke honors of the earth were bestowed upon him. These he did not care for, as there still remained too much to do, but he ob- sen'ed with satisfaction that events were being shaped to his liking and that the realizalion of his dreams was diiiwing nearer day by day. England would yet be the mistress of all Africa, and Cecil .Tii'iin Khodes would be her recognized and acknowUnlged prophet. Then came the so-called Jameson raid, the insurn'ction at Johan- nesburg and the invasion from Uhodesia. Premier Ithodes insisted from the first that Dr. Jameson acted without aiiHinritv from tlie Chartered Company. When Rhodes heard of Jameson's entry into the Transvaal from Hechuannland at the head of nearly 800 men he trie<1 to reach him, but tJie wires were cut and communication Impossible, so that the first definite news of th"e invaders was only received after the Boers had killed, wounded and captured the raiders and strung the wires again. Not only Jameson, but scores of othei-s jn-ominent in the raid were conntK-ted with the South Africa Chartered Company, this being the reason the latter, and esp«Hially Ithodes, were accused of being in the conspiracy. About 150 of Jameson's force were killed, nearly 100 wounded, 500 taken prisoners, and the others made fugitives. Prtjsident Kruger refused to have any of the raiders shot; most of them were released, some imprisone of Commons to give his testimony regarding the Jameson invasion he delibenteiy refused to an&wer numerous fjuestions as to any previous knowledge the Colonial Office might have possessed in relation to the raid, and at the time it was openly charged that the ox-premier was shielding the Secretary of State for the Ck)lonies, t CIICII. RIIODIIS. BVILDliR OF .l\ liMriRE. •Tosopli Cliimilinlniii, who had known, it wiis ulic.nc.l, that JanicHon was .■onicniphiiiiiM and pifpaiinji for 'lis foolliaid.v fci-t. It was oven said llic Hiitisli ivpivscniativo at ('iipt' Town knew of tlic lisin- of tlic •lolianncshiir!.' I'ithuidcrs, hut not dccniin-; it a vciv scrions matter paid iilil.'oi- no attention to it. Thonsands In otticiai, |)iditical. Hnancial and nioicantih- ciiclcs knew of it. also, lint who conli: have vcntnrcd a prophiMV of siicii an oiilconi<'? As to wliat Secretary ("lianiberiain niij;hi have known, or ilid know, Mr. ltho(h's never (iivni<;ed, and when the Sehrt < 'oniniittee. in Its report to the House of ("oninions. relh'eted npon iiini in seveir terms for his reti.enee he never lifihtin- was };(Hnt' on, althotiuli not a s(ddier nor .arryinj? arms, and well awaiv that. If captured, he would not be accorded the treatment jfiven prisoners of war. On the con- trary, lain- c.u-dlally hafd by the bbn'ks, he knew h.. would in all pndiability b.. put to (U-ath with Ih,. most horrible tortures when the ivveuf-efnl chh.fs -ot tlu'lr hands upon him. This, however, ma.le m) <, but thev will often Iksteu to reason. I.e» m<. ..o and ,-ee the nat,*. chiefs, liav a talk with ' :em, put the situation dearly before them, and it is jiossible we r^av settle this matter with.uit further li.;htin;.'. At least th-re's nothln- like try- injr. Somethinfi: may come of it." The Matabeles occupied impre-rniible positions In the MatopiM* Mills, beyond the reach of Kritish f;uiis, and were sullen ami deHant. No one expected Kho.les would come back from an expedition deemed literally suicidal, but he knew better. He had simlied the KoiKh .\frican sava-ie's character and was aware of its strom; and weak points. These children of iiatiiie loved phenomenal dariu}; ;" tlii-y would not torture or kill a prisoner who had shi.wn extraordinary bravery; they locked upon an absolutely fi arless man as a fiod. Therefiu'e, when' Khodes, alone and nnarined, walked into their camps and made ;iver- tni-s h)okln}t to the settlement of the ipie.stions involved in the war they pizeil with siirpri.se and admiration upon this man who inviti^d death by appear! Ufx before them alone and helpless. Il(. was taken before the leadiiif; imliina, or chief, the situation w.-is t'oiie over th-.n'- oujrhly, other chiefs were called in, tlieii {{'■••'van.eH heaij and dis. cussed, and the outcome was that Khodes secured .. cssaticn of hostilities after promisinR that every wroiifj complained of sheuM be THROUGH THE BOER LINES.- So watchful were the keen-eyed Boer sentries at their out-post» that the British found it utterly impossible to send dispatches by their own regular bearers, and were obliged to mnVf use of natives of tlie district, who were thoroughly accjuainted with every inch of ground lying between the British and Boer camps. The photograph shows one of the rialive dispatch bearers, having passed through the Boer lines surrounding Ladysmith, with dispatches for G r^ral White. Entertaininga wholesome fear of the Boers, the natives would use the utmoo*. caution in attempting to pass their out-posts. Creeping through the dense bush .^^ ' their black bodies being undi-ccmibic against the dark fci:3;;c, and at night n:n' : r.; rrith ^rmt ?p::ru thruugh thr inore open countr}-, they would cover great distai ■ '.70 or three days with perfect ease. On such journeys the natives carry but little mi'., and that being but a few pr •.: ; - if "stamped mealies" boiled with salt and . "U in a piece of cloth suspended around the waist. In their efforts to earn a reward and the unstinted praise that is bestowed upon them upon the successful delivery of u:;.patche8. they become greatly excited and enthusiastic. CECIL KHOnilS, BUILDER 01- AS EMPIRE. 77 righted. The chiefs believed him; they withdrew tlieir fones; Rhodes liept liis word to tlie letter by !^;vin}{ the Matabeles a better and more intelligent government, and the latter are now friends instead of ene- mies of the English. Their love for Uliodw is unbounded, for he never lied to them and did wliatever he said, he would do. Tr-ith, and a love for truth, are the predominant trails of the uncivilized natives of the forest or plain, and Rhodes knew this. Rhodes and tieneral (}ordou, the hero and victim of Khartoum, were close friends, although stt dissimilar in characters and tastes. Oordon was the living embodiment of gentleness and self-effacement; Rhodes the incarnation of force and wif-assertion. (i(U'don, though a s(ddier, was a man of jteace; Rhodes, a civilian, believed in the tyranny of arms, and yet they were almost like brothers when together in South Africa, where (iordon had been sent to seek the (juieting of some • tcllillfr •liillR off MOUNTING A 8-INCH OUN. EHBABKATION OF CANADIAN MOUNTED RIFLGS, WHERE A BOEB SHEI.L ENTERED r A KIMBERLBY HOUSE. "LONG CECIL," MANDFACTUBED AT KIMBEBLBT. heav. of teh MOUNTINQ A 6-INCH NAVAL flUN — When the war in South Africa broke out the British did not have enough heavy guns at the front to successfully meet the p'>.^i'tment of the Boers. To supply the deficiency they landed naval guns. These had to be mounted before they were of service. The illustration shows tbe kind ?ii liiM'i' prlHoniTH hIkiuIiI IIh' Kii^riiHli soldifrs, pris- oiuM'H of war in the handH of the ItocrH, HiifTcr bad treatment. ThiH threat waH not Idly made, for Oom Paul L;- .j- it* not a man to waHte words, lie Ih not an orator, yot his hIkii ', criHp menteneeH, containing common-seiiHt', wit, wisdom ant n wonderfnl knowlnljje of men and events, are earnerly listened to. Xot that tjie father of the Unr^liers of the Transvaal, iis he is lov- ingly callt' s a bloodthirsty man, for he is not ; but President KrujJter, bein(r n I <'r in the teachings of the >(osaic law^"An eyi' for an eye and a i for atooth"^wonld not hesitat(> to carry out thai stern mandate to the letl< i: Therefori', had the English tak<'n the life of a single Itoer prisoner In revenge for anything, no matter what, the sjH-ctacle of the son of the most powerful man in all the Hritish eninire dangling from the end of a rop« might have btn-n presented to the gaze of an astcmisheil world. President Kruger has taken rank, in the opinitm of the shrewilest observers, with Hismairk and hi I In tig < 'hang as a nmster of diploni:icy; a Boldier who early demonstrated gri ai military ability; a man of action and unfailing resource, and a giant in intellect. He is a born leader, and while at times it may be that he has been somewhat arbitrary and d03p»'»tlC', 11 in <*i|uiUJy iriK- iiifll |M-rinianded it. Simple in his tastes, living as unostentatiously us many ef the Hurgliers, who are not by any means classiil iinii.ng the wealthy, Ilerr Kriiger, although many times a millionaire, has none of the character- istics which so plainly mark the vulgar rich, lie is a deeply religious man, one wlio miglit be properly callid a fanatic, is devoted to his Mundayschool, is never absent from congregatitnuil meetings, is as p'ompt in those snuiller iluties of life as if the weight of the cares I state were the merest trifles, is a model husbami and as much in love with his wife as though she were a rosy-cheekev n wfck at U-i\M; ami U..I ..iil,v <|ii| vniiii- KfupT will, iHil was far i'IkmimIi alit'atl ii> take a iVHt, pick up liJN liilc .iiKl iuivc a i|mI<'| Imiiii all liv liijuM.'lf l.cfniv (he llfNl of the wiiiilldiiwii savafics piii in au appciiraiicc. .\k til lii.s pfisiuial inuiani' lualtliv. plilcfrmatj. in ii'inpi-ianu'iit ami iii'vcr iiM liiii'il to ;iiv,. wav to an opponent in an.\ sort of an arnnnn'nt, lie alwavs kipi his head, no matter liow jifave ilie ilan;;er ei.nffontiii},' liim, ileteiniineil tii win the vieton if |N.ssil.le, ami if not, to tlie only after havin;; eansed his enemy all the lioable in his power. If the head ..f the Moer repnldie has .,ne weiiKiiess it is his rabid hatred of (ileal liriiain ami everythin}; Kn^jlish. Jle has persistently lefiiseil to learn the lan}:na;.'e of llis enemies, altl ^.h lie iinderstamis it when spoken, and will edUvtTse in iiothintr Iml the I»Mteh of his failiei's. That he is a follower of amieiit Dnteh rusioms is apparent from the faet that he is the fatlier of sixteen children, this number only beiiiy: exceediv by the ori;.'inal Kramer, one .laci.b, who went out from Hi I III! in 17i;f, i.> whom his wife bore ei^fhieen sons and dan);h- tiTs. Old Jacol) was the founder of tlie Kramer element in the Trans- vaal, whicli is distinjiuished for its pu(;uacity. brains and «eneral pro- ;;ressi\eliess, Ooiii Paul was born in ("ape Colony, at (Vdesbni;;, Octolier 1(1, 1,S2.'>, Imt when ten years of ajje his family trekked northward throiifjh the Oranp" Free >!tMte into the Transvaal, the party, of wlii.h the Klimer- ites formed no considerable niiniber, beinj; composed of about one Imn- dred persons, all mid. A tierce attack from the .M.itabeles was siiccesN- fully withstood, the intrepid Paul handliiij; his little ride with accuracy and effect, for he was even then a rare marksniau. The women of the party loaded the guns and kept them in jjood condition during: the li;;lit. Kvery Hoer, boy and pirl, is taujiht the use of tirearms as soon as they are able to lift a weaisin, and the women of the Transvaal are proud of the fact that they Ir. Kruger's char- ncter was always impressive. Flis zeal, enthusiasm, love of country, hatred of everything thai promised io endanger the liberty of his fel- low-citizens— these, combined with his giant Htature,' herculean strengtli, leadershij* in all field sjMirts and jsiwer (.f will and purpose- foJ^o!^:LlJ^yTJ.^,tr^r^^^^^ ♦'■tf'""^.^« ''•^«"^V """^ •-»>'"> engage.. .h«t part of tl,e Boer was detailed to go td'it. relief. Whi.. Hearing KitnCley he came upon a Boer coZov?,f Z^^.^'^J""^ ^''" '*"-^*'*'' ^'^y'^ "°f"' """^ '^'^""al French with his cavalry besieging the town. General Frenr« ..«^.. *,;_ ^ _*_»! _i _. »» .1. «. -^ scenery thi; boy grew General White wan t;.. . Durban, with Ladysmith as the headquarters esdurcd a siege of marly four montbi < ".\ ^hTJLvr , "r-"i^" "" "^^^ ■ '■""■""=,. ?"<> '» '"ualea at forlstewart m the county of Derby in central England. Amid this strong luid rugged ■ := nT-.? ^ A ■°°' °° y,^ central figure but one of a nation's solicitude in the South African war. When the war broke out in South AWca ii;i, .. l. ^° ?" - '" J 'i "'"' about 15,000 men under his command, sUtioned at NewcasUe, Glencoe, Dundee, Ladyamith, Colenao and ^ly fowLonthi ' "*'" ""''■ " °' °''°''°'' ^'""*" "^ ^'''•'"° ^ '""*" '"" *"P^ "P inUdysmithrwhere thSy nd ica ind My PAUL KRUGHR. I'RESIDIIXT OF Till- HOER REPUBLIC. dii caused p<>ople to regard him as one who was a natural-born ruler; they looked up to him, as people will in a new country, to one who dominates physically and mentally. It was necessary that a man should be able to take care of himself in any sort of a contest, and this young Kruger could do. In all the Transvaal — in fact, in all South Africa — there was no man who could wrestle, run, ride, shoot, swim or climb as well as he; who could endure or stand as great liardshii)s with less murmuring, lie overrode everything that stood in his way, not front a htve of brutal dominance, but because he was masterful and it was simply right that he should be the tirst in all things, and be aning themselves only as the humbl(> and unwo.-thv '■A- lowers of the Havii.r. The DopixTii, by their stand in favor of this Ktraightforward and unostentatious way of woishiping, attracted the large majority of the earnest and severely religious class of Hoers, who allied themselves with this branch and have remained steadfast ever since, constituting the main j)art of President Krugei-'s supinirt — that is, being fanatically devoted to him, they will go to any lengths in his behalf, obeying him willingly and without hesitation, and who can be dependinl upon to follow him anywhere. At the same time, the two other divisions of the l)ut( a Keformeil Church, although what might be ternuMl mcu'e liberal atul progressive than the DopjM'rs, did not hesitate to recognize the ability and acumen of the Dopper leader, and many of their miMubers were also ranked among his supjMirters. As might be exjM'cted among a |Mipulation so puritanical as that of the Boers, religion and jiolitics have never been separated, and the main source of Oom Paul's political intluence has therefore been through his churcii connection. The Ilurgher of the Traiif^vaS! vrtuiu !!•' nH>re divrtrce l-iri iv-i'lginii frt.-iit his imiiiics than could the old Ironsides of England or the Puritans who landed upon Plymouth flock, and he cannot see why they shouhl be separated. One is his soul's preservation and the other is the safeguard of the liberties of his country in his mind. ' Kruger took naturally to soldiering, and at seventeen years of age was made an assistant tield cornet, being a full-fledged cornet at twenty and leader of a commando. Ilis time was fully occupied witli the sur- rounding tribes of savages, and such ability did he manifest that he rose by rapid and numerous proportions to the chief military com- mand, that of Commandant-tieneral, which he held until 1870, when he was elected Vice-President, the late C.eneral .loubert succeeding to the military command, which Kruger had retained lifteen years or more. The new President was not a Koer, but a EuroiM'an,'Thomas l'\ Hurgers, an able man, but unfit to lead a lot of famitical religion- ists. In atldition to his alleged "irreligion" he was not a soldier, and when, under his command, a Poer force was defeated by a native tribe that had revolted, the Burghers were aroused to fury. They felt hu- miliated and disgraced, for never before had a Boer turned his back upon a savage in battle. Vice-President Kruger, then forty-five years of age and in his prime, had developed an ambition for the chief executive office, and was mucli chagrined when Burgers was decided upon. <"ommandant-(ieneral Jonbert was also dissatisfied, and neither he n to the sort of attack so cunningly made upon him. He was accused of being Utile less than a heretic be- cause he did not belong t(» the Dutch |{eformed Church, and this, of course, was enough to coud the time when a new President was to have been chosen, and Vice-President Kruger had announced his candidacy, the conservative or pro-religious element being at his back. President Burgers desired to succeed himself, and the little republic was torn by conflicting ixilitical contests, which had the effect of materially reta-ding the growth of the country and serl- .Sfi p. in. KRrcr.R. prf.sipf.xt or the boer REPrni.ic. (luslv iid'cclcd lilt' tiiisiiifS8 iutfTi'stH v iiiaiiv, the Hnrjiliers beiiifj in siicii an excited conilition tliat an a])|)eal to arms l)_v some hot-iieaded factionist niifilit liave precipitated bloodsiied. \'ice-l'residen( Ki'ii<;er, however, remaining; cool and calm, held his followers in check and the l)rosp(Mts for his success were ver.v trood when Kn^land, deeminu; the oi)portnnitv a more promising; one than would l)e offered afiain, pro- ceeded to carry into effect her lonfj-cherished plan of ann:'xnti(i!. Ciimmandant-Cieneral Jonbert at once lesifincd, but Vice-1'resident Krujjer held his ottice, beinj; jjifted with the wininn;; faculties i.f pa- tience, perseverance and loufj-sufl'erinj;. Annexation was evidently not the paiiaica for the ills the Trans- vaal was thtn enduring, and the English tioveriiment found itself c(infi'onteople into a war that would cost the eiiipiic heavily in men and money, and lose her the Transvaal in the end. Oom Paul knew that hostilities could not lonj; be delayed, for so in- furiated was theyounjier Boer (dement that it re(iuiied all of his tact and infiuence to prevent an attack upon the British representative, Kir Barlle Frere, who, allhou}.di [M-rsonally liked, was linn in his defense of annexation, lie could not see what was };oin^ on arouixl him. that the Bur;rh*-rs were in a mood tnat promised troid)le, and that actual preparations foi- war against the Kn};lish Government were steadily l)rocepublic, many of whom iiad been removed by the British, proceeded to carry on the business of their various de- pal intents as though nothing had ever hajipened. No President was clHPicn. It was not the time for that, and Mr. Kruger could wait. In the meanwhile he would see that no oiu' else got the coveted jjlace. Kverything was ready. The Boers, hating the I'^nglish beyond ]iower of exjiression, were delighted to get at their haughty, overl)earing enemies, who treated tluMU with such irritating, undisguised conlenijit. Nothing was to he feared from savage foes, as the Zulu po\\('r had been destroyed and the other dangenuis trilx's lirought into subjection, while, with Kruger and .foubert to h>ad them, the Boers were jier- fectly confident of victory. Proniptwl by a rabid desire for revenge, their native jvride having been humbled by men who had taken no pains to conciliate tlu-m, the Burghers were eager for a chance to try their rifles on the red-coated by the undisci- pliuj'd Boers over Kngland's nmguiftce'nt troops. At Bronker's Hpruit a force of .")()(• was forced to surrender after l.")0 hail been killed and wounded; neral Cronje, now a prisoner at St. Helena, forced the sur- r(»nder of the garrison at Potchefslrooin, while 'Jcneral Colley was de- feated at New<)islle, Ingogo and Majulta Hill, the last-named Iteing where ir>0 BotTs scaled the mountain, attacJieil (iOO English soldier.-t, and drove them out of an impregnalile position after great slaughter, (icneral ("oiley was among lh(> killed. >'ice-Presidei'1 Kruger had general supervision of all military op- erations, consi'uted to the anuistice asked for by the British after Majid)a, and directed the negotiations entere ('(invention of Pretoria, the result of whiR time. DuHng the South African war this beach has been used as a camping ground by refugees who left their homes in the sections in which the war has been conducted. The illustration ia of a camp of these refugees. r e o / e I' I WBBX'K Of ARUORED TRAIN AT FRERK. >lAJon-li, in which battle he was killed. This was one of the w rilEKS. army. He led the charge of the Highlanders at the battle of Mj^ersfoiiteiii, p«e!nl«r II, 18<>i, in which battle he Vaa killed. "TO« wiro"nTrf'the'JS™i'e"t''irat"l"»of the war, the Br.tuh losing ^-.0 men killed am) bounded. Wrecked Armored Tf.ln. -The armored train illuatrationa are of the trait, that waa lent towards Udyamith last Noveralwr lor the relief of that plajs. Within a mile of Frere the Boers had lorn up a rail in the track. After the train had been derailed, and while the Biitish were ciS"'*'bUl*& °° tb* "w 'd' "^'' "''*' ' ** *"" planted on « new bill, tbrowuig the 3titi«:j iato conlu»ion, aft#r wblch tiwy were c«pt«red, Winston PAUL KRVGER, PRESIDENT OF THE BOER REPVBUC. 80 least a i>ortion of the independence they had f(>uj;lit for. Furthermore, they had shown the British, and all the nations of the earth as well, that they could tijjht. As a rewanl for his labors in behalf of his people, Mr. Kruj<;er was elected to tlie Presidency of the republic in 1883, his lif(»-unibiti()n beinff thus satisfied, but liis work had in reality just begun. Business was paralyzed, the pu.ilic debt was enormous, and the people were jjosscssed of a strong antipathy to paying ta.\es. Furthermore, a real independ- ence for the republic was to be achieved. President Kruger recognized the fact that time was n most im- portant factor in all things. It was never a good i)hui to be in a hurry, he knew, although his burghers were manifestly dissatisticd with the results of the Pretoria Convention, and he felt that sooner or later there would be an outbreak in jirotest against the half-independence, as they termed it, graiitetl by England. He made another visit to London, this time in 188J, and in accordance with his requests the British Ktsident at Pretoria was removed, the- Transvaal debt was reduced and other benefits granted, for which England asketl nothing in return. She refuseil to give up her right of suzerainty, however, and held to her authority to control the foreign relations of the Transvaal, as well as maintaining her position that (she could not regard the Transvaal in the light of a cont acting power. With England's consent President Kruger visited several European capitals in connection with the project of establishing railway coniniunicution with Delagoa Bay, on the Routh- east(vm Africin coast, and before returning home obtained important conceMsions from the Portuguese flovernment. Oom Paul's visit to the English capital resulted in what is known as the London Convention of 188-t, and the daini of the Boers was that as the matter of the suzerainty of the Quwmi wan not mentioned in the articles drawn up iit't<-f' the negotiations, the British had iib'uuloned it as untenable, in reply the British (bivernment said that wl'.ile it was true the question was e.'iminateu from the body of the articles of the Con- vention of I^oimImij, it nriained in the preamble of tlie articles of the CoQventio!! of 188L u ■ ><' ' > vlng been nio.rked '■■■t iliire still stood In full forci'andeffec* Ah a mailer of fa. t, t! r- cueslion of suzeraiiily was the spark that was finally fanned int ^ 'i-: f',;mi of war In 18!>9, all the other matters In conlroverpy being secondary as compan'd to it, but no one at that date realizwl it. It was evident, however, that sooner or later serious questions would arise, but the British Government thought it had made concessions suflicient to keep the burghers in good humor for a period of yeai-s, while the interim might develop circumstances calculatcnl to l)re8erve peac(». President Kruger had expressd his gratitude while in London for the generous concessions granted by England, but as the Euglish at that time did not understand the crafty Boer as thoroughly as afterwards, they were lulled into a sense of security not justified by the facts. It refpiired all of President Kruger's ingenuity and craft to steer tli<' ship of state successfully amid the rocks and shoals that aboundeil in its cours*', for the Boers were not entirely tractable. They resented the drawi;ig of the line of the western boundary of the Ti-ansvaal the British insisted upon, for they hud small respect for the rights of the native tribes tli<> Engli.sli thought it their duty to protect, but the Volks- raad was finally induced to accept that part of the London Convention pioviding for this boundary. Later, when parties of Boers ventured into the districts on the western border and established two new republics in the region proclaimed as a British protx'ctorate, President Kruger "annexed" one of these republics in plain vi(dation of right and justice, (ieneral Joui>ert, realizing the mistake, resigned his office of military commander, and the British, dispatching a force under Sir Charles Warren to the western border, wiped out the immature repub- lics and establislied British power there more firmly than ever. Oom Paul did not see fit to interfere in any way, being glad to allow matters to take their own course, for it was not advisable to come into open conflict with England just then. Meantime, however, in consiHjuence of the discovery of gold in the Transvaal, prosperity was returning to the Boer republic, money was becoming plentiful, the resources of the cotmtry were being develoijcd, anil incidentally an egg was being hatched that was to bring forth more ills and troubles than were ever concealed beneath the lid of Pandora's box. In 1885 the real rush of gold-seekers into the Transvaal began and new elements were suddenlj' thrust into the even nnd quint life of the stai0(»,(>(l(» tlial had prcviimsl.v "^onc l)cei.s for they would liav<' r.-be I had he given the r'itlaiiders what they demanded. They, naturally euough, wanted to keep the power in their own hands, the result being that resirictive laws were pas.sed by the Baad, ami approved by (torn Paul, imposing restraints ui)on outsiders that did not exist when the rush to the gold fields first began. Pivsident Kruger is credited with being tl riginatcu- of thi^' legTsla- tion, and also of having hampered, by his methods of administration, theenactnn'nt of those laws the Kaad jmssed which promised to relieve the ntlanders of some of the burdens of which they constantly eoin- plainetl. The ntlanders were at a distinct disadvantage, and in a nuMsiire at the mercy of the Transvaal (iovernmeni, for when they had invested their money in n:ining and other property of a permaiient S(ut they could not afT(U'd to be classed among agitators and disturbers. Althoinjh they asked for a franchise law liberal in its provish>ns, the liaad Itlie Transvaalnati(uiallegislature) went no further than pass an amendment reipiiring fourteen years" prol)ation after having renoiiiiceplicant resided beiiig olitained. tb" latter even then could not become a citizen until the Kxi-cutive Council and the Presi- dent of the republic had given their consent. Before that, onlv two years' residence was rc-fpiired. Harassed and badgered in a thousand ways, President Kruger « ■urinv^*- THE Bia aUN "JOE CHAMBERLAIN."-Ia the twgiuning of tl>e South African war the Boe- a «rere better prepare.! with big guns and ammunition for Uiem than weie lUc Uiilish. This was felt parJcaia-iy ir. -.he campaign aroun;; i,aay=mt:!. Thr B-jrrs' bi;; j:.!ii -I.'-Mii; T.".." iV.-^^:^.^', t.-. !.n wr.r.iw .••ami at .,a<.yf.:!;it.i ur.ti! tje naval brigade from H. M. S. "Powerful" brought up one of the big naval guus to counteract the e^ect of the Boers' gun. What the naval brigade gun was in the campaign at Udvsniith, the big naval gun "Joe Chamberlain" was in the campaign at Modder River. Tae gun wan christened "Joe Chamberlain" by the men on their way with it to the front. The illustration shows the way the gun was transported to the front by ox teams, H •" y « I «'f 5 * fan ?|--I:S" (fl tf) n * ^ 3 * ^ a O dj 4J w ofe|5| « «j'S.2*' o5 o — §5, SE S-B 3 a «£J3 o ■•5 ^ o .2 g O.S « die-" .a H y S w ° p C-C S a » " , '.2^ PAUL KRVCER. VlUiSIDllNT OF THE BOEK REPUBLIC. 03 kept one idea in view at all timeKt— tlif abHolutc indcpi-ndcntc of lln' Transvaal. Ah the ntlandtTH tlu'niHflves were not always In accord Lt' gaini'd thno by playiiif; ouo failion apiiiiHt anotln-r, hut he felt lliat 8onu> day (lit" loniplaintH (if the oatsidtis, the {{mit majority of whom were Kn}{li!*li, would bo pioHcntcd to the Cabinet in I.ondon in Huih a forieful way that the Impd'ial (lovernment wotdd take coKnizame of them. When Oom Paul berame I'reHidenI the revenues of tla- TraiiH- vaal Ooverninent were about *1,000,000 yearly, and the expenditures approximated if(!.JO,000. In 18!l!) the ii'venue had increased to !|f2(t,()(K),- COO, the ex]iendilures on account of administration and preparations for war, « xceedinfj f 1!M»()0,00(). In all the years intei vt-ninn between 1885 (when the rush of }j;ohl- seekeis to the Transvaal first bef,'a«) President Kruger had' kept one probability always before him— war with Enslaiul. Hather tlmn run any risks, he would send to Holland for a man needed for the tJovern- ment service. Never would he trust an Knfflishman in u position of trust or responsibility, for he always dreaded the i)ossibility of tlie conseciuences of a Hritisli subject (jaining a footliold anywhere. Hy a most iufjenious system of class taxation the I'itlanders were compelled to pay on increased i)roperty a8s«'ssments every year, al- thoufih rei)ivsentation continuiHl to be denie republic the greatest anxiety and concern, the iiiost iin]iortant (luestion to be decided being that of retain- ing, in the hands of the nnnority I?(ier element, absolute control of affairs. During ten years of Oom Paul's presidency this place grew from nothing to a busy metropolis of over 100,000 people, the majority of them outsiders, or not natives of the Transvaal, while the property- owners were almost exclusively Europeans. It would never do, in the mind of Mr. Ki uger, to allow the Johannesburgers to govern themselves, and therefore while the doughty old Boer controlled things they never dir advantage of having the government of the' country at his back. There were constant com]>laint8 regarding the management of affairs from the I'itlanders, but Oom Paul was too suspicious of them to even permit himself to be honest and just with them in even- case where the righting of wrongs was asked; it was plainly tn bo seen that the tinie would come when England would take up the cause of her subjwts and demand for them "representation with taxation." The Transvaal had become the main source of the Kritisli Empire's gold supply, and Oom Paul was becoming appre- hensive, and not entirely witUout cause, that England would not hesi- A^TJ^ int.- i„ s...un. ;,s liim a f.M.linf; „« possibi,. in su.h a ri.l, counlrv, ..v.-r wliuli she had never aban.lon.Ml lici- ,laini of suzcniintv. With the Tiansvaa) j;nnvinK >i< h.-r all th.- lime,' iiwin}; to th.- .st..a.lv ,l<.v,.|„|micnt of th,. -ohj-niininfr in.lnsiiy. with tli,. .l.-mamls of llic I itlan.l.is iMToniiMfj sf.adii.v inor.. insiHiwit, with lli,. naliv,- J{,„.r l-ciu- fria.luall.v fom.,1 int.. the backKn.iin.l as a , iviliz,.,] fa.t,,,. willi tiic hiitriislinian lo..niin}j iij, a« the man of the lioar, the nvator of th<' |.ros,M..it,v visil.l.. on all shies. President Krn«e,- b,.,a,ne nio.v ,.n.. "'""•';.•. than ev.T in his opi.osith.n to the -ranting of privileges to t '<• I itlanders which wonl.l enable them to b.r.mie i.artieipants in n th,' south,.ast so that one or m,.re p,.rts ,onl.l hi' obtani. .1 on that si,l.. of the .-ontinent. So lo„f; as his t,.rritorv was iMit out fi,.m th,> sea (),.m Paul e,.ul,l not hope to };iv,. th,. Transvaal the stan.hnf; anH.n- nations to which she was, in his ,.pini,.n, ,.ntitl,.,l "Once an Kn};lishman always an i:nfrlishman," was . v,.r ,.ne ,.f th,' Dutch I'.,'si,lenfs buf;b,.ars. He di,l not beli,.ve a form,.r subj,.ct ,.f th," gu,.,.n wouhl be a loyal citiz.-n of the republic if it ..am," t,. a ch,.ice b,tw,.en En-land an,l the Transvaal. He ,lid m.t think it was .mssibl.. for an Kn>;lislinian to tell the truth about anything; that a nriton lia.l rather li," than be lion,.st, even wh,'r,. it was policy t,. f,.r,.«,. ,lupli,itv His trips t,. L,md,.n had impr,.ss,.d him with Enjrland'H Kr,.atn,.ss, but h,.always said that wh,.n war came it w,.ul,l m.t be foufjlit ,.ut in !.,.nd,.n «'r.:n th,. s, a; the Rritish troops w<.uld bo compelled t,. fa,e the bundi.'rs in th,. latt,.r's own fastnesses, and struRfjle amonf; th,. ro.ks'.f a thousaml impref^nable im.untain fr,.r^r,.H „„,! canv,.ns. Oom Paul ,1,.- [X'n.l,.,! ,,uite as much up,.n the ,lefens,.s with which nature ha,l pr,.vi,l,.,l the Transvaal as th,. in.i.n.v,.d ,.rdnan,.e, sm,.kel,.ss p,.wd,.r and Mauser lilies he was s.. busily };atherinp an,l In.ar.lint; for th,. bl,),.,lv ,.m<.rKen,v that so constantly and j.ersistently reared its head an,! filled the burchert, with such a sj.irit of unrest. "When th,. British make war with my burKhers," sai,l President JM-Uger a short time bef,.re hostilities began in 1899, "they will h.so or illli BOER REPVBLIC. of n.mht of '.!;;;;:";"''',''■' t """'■• •"""= "-^ "'" •"• ■ ""■'"-•« Hi. I... ransvaal is un..on,,u,.,abl,.. „■ when the m..„ a,., all k II, 1 "^;' P"t«',.t,c won,.„ will tak,. up tl„. ,i„,.s a,i,l shoot th.. inva l.r as . »';'v.nic,.s. „nly wh..,. th,. men an,l won.,..., to«..th,.r J ih ., , i ir <;■" "".'"Kl. to lift a «u„, „r, slauKhte,..,!; o,..; wh,.n th,. t „h j, niin..s ,l,str,.y,.,l, will th,. IJrilish b,. th,. vi.t,..s .,„,l ... •"•"•""•'•■.ationsof the worhl will p,.,.n.i, this" ' '"" ""•'""" "The |.:,.Klisl. s,d,li,.r fifrhts for ;;lo,y, f„r prom,„h,„, ami foi ,.„. ations a..,l pri... ,no..,.y, or loot; n.y b,„....,.is (|.|„ f.,r „, ,, t, , • „ . . S.;;:;:: r ';;;;:- ;i;\-'t an i;:;:^ =::;•' '^r;;;:r''' i..."-i';r^^^.:":'Ti;r;;;: Fill d w<»., the faith of fanati,ism in th,.ir l,.a,l,.r, th,. Uo,.rs after he Ja.....n ,ai,l of ,H9«, ....gan vigorous preparathms f. ■ ^ :: w M^ :'T' '•'""" •^'"""" <"''"-"l..'flain b,.,.am,. S.-cretarv of S ,. , ViCV" ""7" -''•"^' ••abin,.t he at on,... took „ , th,.^!;!.': • th. .«;;«' '•".•""■•'/"•'"■ «'-i.-van,.,.s an.l ask,..l for a , li.ation . f th, Ia«s .vganlin}; the franchise in th,. Transvaal. In , piv IT,.si- anting of full ..l.-ctora those who paid ta.x-,.« in th,. affairs of «ov,.rnn.,.,.t; an,l, furth,.-, sai,l ho^ Th """"'"" '^"*""" ""^■" '"•' '^•""" •"•"•'•H,;nal privi ,.ge ' Tiansvaal sh,.u ,1 be t,vat,.,l by England as an i, pe, nt stnt,., the «onv,.„tt..n o Lon,lon ,18S4) having fail,.,l to m,.ntion the matt,.r f aSn ",;:; '"" *" "" ^'"^ "^--"i"'.- ti.,. .-„„..«, ..f ....fna un, n on' 7r'"'T ""■""''" '" ■'-'"'••"•"'■'♦.V. ..n,l its on.ission in the ..n^.nti,.n of Lomlon convin,,.] Mr. Krug,.r, so he wrot,. S,.,.retnrv ( hamb,.rlain, that England ha,l aban,lon,.d the .laini. This was a ,lirect challenge t,. Ei.L'Ian,!. an-l Me.f..t.j!y C •.,,■'„'- accept...! it at on,-e. In plain an.l unmistakable t,.rmH hetohl Pr,.si,ient' Ivrug..r t lat England insist..d upon h..r rights as suzerain ; that the Transvaal would not be treat..d with n.,r n.gard.-d «s an in.lependent I I IVRW SOUTH WALES TROOPS BMBARKINa.-Tliis illustration is of a patriotic occasion in Woolloomooloo Bay, Sydney, Australia, hiuI represents the steam- enthusiasm that reignecl among the people of the town. Every available space on the lock and in the vicinity of the wharf waa occupied by spectators as the steamshio cast loose, the smalfer bov, even wading into the water up to their necks that thejr might be nearest the heroes as they departed. Theri |ml>lic must rt'tdjrnizc KnjjIuiKrH (Idiiiinatinn. KcniniiizintJ the irilhal wlalc of uffaiiM Mr. Kiiincr look steps to put till' lounli-.v Ml as pciffcl a stale of (lefeiise as possible, orders for anus ami aiiiuiunilion were liiirrinl to rretoria, ami when the fli-st shot v,as tired that marked the l»e}{iniiiii},' of the nritlsh-Hoer war the Transvaal was readv. The at?lis. Kluxer was her own cook, and in defeii nee to Hoer customs, never sat down at table with her lord and master. When her husband had ^\\w\>k she waited uj)on them. She would never have thou^rht of joining in Ihe convei-sation unless <,Mven permission; altlioufjh the wife of the head of (he State she could not uncover her head when in al tendance ui)on relifjious I'xerciwK of any sort, evpn when f;rac(> was saiil at table. The Roers do not rcfjanl wcmien too highly, although the men in matteis of morality are held to f !u- ritfirti St accoiini, and Ooni Paul, beinji very rljjid in I he enforce- nient of the rubnt of his household, has never failed to compel all the women therein to obey thi- very letter of ih, lunsli and iiiicompromisinR Ihier law ami tradition. Tin refoie the man is the all-impoiiani factor in Ihe houKehold; his wife and daughters must wail upon liim, niiisl not interest themselves in affairs of business or Stale, but devote I heir entire time to the house and the reariii},' of children. Oom Paul has never slept after live o'clock in the morn iuj,', and all others were retiuired to be up at the siiiiie lime; jaayers were scheduled for an hour later, and woe to the hiKpird who attempted to offer ex- cuses, for that only made matters woi-se. rnbeiidinf;, severe, jjiave, self-centered, harsh and intolerant, the name of President KruKer, with the religious failli of a fanatic and the zeal of a convert, narrow-minded and illiberal in his ideas, will live loufj in the history of South Africa as that of one of the most remarkable men of his time. President Kruper had many thrilliuj; exp«'rieneps dnrinn the war, one bein},' of a peculiarly exciting nature. In fact, he was very near death, and escaped only by what seemed to his barfjhers to be a miracle. Heiuf; a soldier of lonjj trainin|ici'atioiiH. W'lnii I'rcsiilcMl Kiiifici's |Hisiliiiii liail hccii ast'crlaiiK')! as i-aic- fiillv as iMissililc ilif lti'i(isli ailillciv sIicIIimI the kjioI and ki'pt ii]i an inxssant lite all aiouiid llii' ewet wishes you to leave this place; it is too daup>rous." The President inn liately turned to his driver, uttered a hoarse word of .'oinmand. a.id off winrled the c;;rrias>4' in the direction of Itloemfonlein. lie had not proceeded more than one hundred yards when Itritish shells hejian to fall thickly in the vicinity, coveiinj; an area of several hundred sipiare yards, renderinj; it dan>;erims to remain. Presidei.t Kruiier was, to all aiipearances, entirely undisturlied h\ the daiifier of his situation when with Oeneral Hewet, his natural stolidity nuikinjj; itself manifest when hi at first resisted all entreaties to proceeil to siune safer spot. He was always what luis h.'en {rcnerally termed a fatalist, insistiiij,' that he was under the imme- diate prolettion of (Jod, who wcnild not permit harm to come to him nnlesH tli»> time Imd arrived when, liiM term of UKefnlnefw being end«Ml, <)o*l had decreetl his death. "I willdie when the tiuu' comes," said llieajjed President (oOoncrul Mewet, "and not before. Tliese Kiijjiish gunners do some good Nhooting, though." he added reth'ctively, and not entirely without admiration for the accuracy of the nuirksiuaiiship of the arliilerynien of his hated foe. Th4' representati\e of a Paiis paper was present at the time of the visit of tlie Moer President to the tiijhling line, and he sent a graphic description of .he scene when (ieneral l»ewet and other oHicers crowded arounAHK HADIIIT IN A I.OOSK lUURH-PATril. Inr KkI.IiIi (KrtiKiTl w.mcliTi! wh«l Hr.T Knx iCIiainbiT- liilrii Kwlti^- ti-r do now. Knmi •I'lilun -I'limi.-ii'' ihinilfril. their President t.i he th<> actual representative of Ood upon earth, added their siipplicaiiony. Then (» Paul ijave tl rder to have h!.. .arriage put ill readiness. However, it was not until tJeiieial Dewet told Presitb'nt Krnger that everything tlepeiided upon his life that the latter consented to go. tieiieral Oewet said t.iat if he (the Presideni) were killed, the men would at once throw down their ariat and refuse to tight further, as tin y reganled the chief execiuive of the Itepiiblic as the only one who could lead them to victory, or, rather, the only one who could wcuw a promise of victory from the .Minighty. -,.^nut^^^?!fj^^^^\u^\-°^^t-r^:^"^^'^ ^""' *'''<•«"«»-'• broke out tlierewere many Bocn in Cape Colony and Natal v-ho aympathized with their countrv- bSnff MoVu™T"tTv"the"nritl«li Mvli'i^ '"I ™.».LT; »H„ .t,'i '^ '^^ "" u ""^S'"!' ..""^ "J"""- . The 'iIu.li«lioti U of « caiup of Ihi who Have l«n .urprised and are iMlng capturea >y the Britls'i cavalry. A reason why the Boers were such good fighters from the be^nn ng of the wa.- is that the Bo .vemment had anticioated the ?h'^;?I?."'"Vh'.'L"!;!"r' T7 ."'"^'.'"I^^ •*■: '*"r,r'"'-... y^^ ■■"?•..*?!« «» «'* '<" '"-K^' P™ct^. « tl.t the men we™ not only arti^^S pmHent i X uU^^^^ noliw ' '" ■'' "^ wMivided into commands, which made it pouible to get the burgher, into the Lid Jmost on a day°s the- rilAPTER VII. a. TIIK MKN WHO EXUICIIKI) ihhfi,'.\\m, althongh at the same time acknowledg- ing that they were the ones who had devel(i|M>d the miinng interests of the country and enriched it to a fabuhais degree. The evolution of the lloers from a tribal life into a feeble, disjointed state, torn by in- teiiiecine dissensions, and menace Transvaal if the English had not stepped in in 1S77, and, by annexing the «listracled state, put m-w life into it, replenished tlie empty treasuries and made once more secure the endangered borders. When President Hurgers stepiwd out of the Presidency, just after the annexation, lie snid in his flmil address to tlip Volksrandj or national legislature: "I would rather he a iiolicenian nnder a strong government than the President of siich a State. It Is you— you nsemlieva of the Hand and the- Roers— who have lost the country, who have sold your tiidepend- TIIR TKAXHVAAL AND TIIKIU HY PKKSIhKXT KltniKit. ence for a oupe |driiik|. Voii have ill treate.1 the iuilives, von havi' shot them down, you have sold them into shiv.-rv, and now von have to pay the penalty." The principal thing, he ciuitinued, which had brought them to (heir present position, wan that to which they would not give attention. It was not this or tliat thing which imiiede.l their progress, but thems.dves who stopped the way; an.l if they asked him what pi-v.-uted the people from remaining indepemlent, he answered that the Kepuldic was itself the obstruction, owing to the iidu-reut incapacity and w<.m Paul Kruger, at the head of tlie Dopper party, worked with th.' Knglish faction for annexation. Tu acc(unplish his emls Kruger ns((I every means to thwart the Hoer Republican iSovernnunt, encouraging the burghers in tlieir refusal to jiay taxes and in every way seeking to umlerniine Hurgers and his fcdiowers, in order that he n.ight oust the former from the Presidency and get it himself. Ooni Paul was then Vice-President. The unhappy Hurgers sh(.w<'d how lie fought again,-^! the element who were working in secret for Hritish interference, an in- terference "whicli," he writes, "got a strong support from the Hoers themselves, and our. of their ( hief leaders, P. Kruger, who had betrayi-d me, after jiroiuising me his and his party's support." >\ith the return of prosperity and security .iro.se again the old in- t(dprnnce of British rule, and then came the historic incidents, battles, ifcaiies and ((inventions of ISSl and 1><84, by wiiicli the Transvaal be- ennie the South African Republic, free to transact all its intornal nf- 101 102 77//; .u/;.v inio eskiched the tk.wsia.ii.. faiis iiihI oiilv iTspoiisiblc to Omit Rritaiu for iln rt'lalidUNliip wilb for- (•i-;ii loiiiilrifs. Willi llu'Sf unnls llic new (lovcnniK'iil, of wliitli Mr. Kiu;:tr wiis I lie ixct iilivt- IhikI, ciitcrctl upon ils canci': "To iill iiihaliiiiiiiis, willioul cxifpliou, we promise tlio prolt-rlioii of the law aiHl all llio privilcp's allfiulaiit llicrcoii. ••To iiilialiiiants who arc iioi linrjilicr., and y entail t.i the families of the vo.ir- irekkers. The measure was .uily easrie.l liecause of the Htrenuous sup- port ^'iv.n liy the ritsiih iii liotli within the Itaa.l ami at those privat." mi.li'iias wlii.li .h-. i.l.'.l III.- imp.irlant liusiness of the ..mnliy. In^lSit:? a p.-iiiion siijii.-.! hy V\Sm) ali.'iis pravinir for an .•xt.nsi.m .,f III., fiamhise was preseiiteil to the Kaail, ami ree.ive.l liy that lio.ly with "r.'Ml laiiulii. r. N'oihin!: .laiinl.'.!. Ilie Nalhuial rni..n fi.it up aii- „il,..r"p..lilion~li.' roliowin- y.^ar sitrm^i! l.,\ .TMS:'. Citlamlers, llie an swi r to whiih was Hie tinal fran.hise law above refi^rreil t.i. wlii.h shut III., il.ior tiirhli-r than ever an.l put the k.y iiil.i the I'resi.h.nfs p.i.kel. Tliis law wa:* .airi. d a^'aiiist the wishes .if th.' niosl ini.-lliK.'Ul n hers of th.. Kaa.l, for It must not he f.irfjutl.'n that .luriiii: their y.^ars .,f ajipi'al an.l p. rni..n th.. ritlamh-rs lia.l with them smh iiilellifr.'nt men as ili.' hit.- (i.-n.Mal .l.iuliert. Smuts. K.^itz ami l...v.Mlay. who stiio.l out to 111.- .'iKl for a mor.' pni-i.^ssiv.- le;;islalion, ami .mly >.'av.- up lli.^ strufijih' wh.-n il .aim^ I., th.' .juestion of tlir.iwiiiK in Iheir lot with thai of ih^ir .■oiinlivmen. Wh.n this fiamhise law was .arri..! s.veral atn.in},' the mori- inielliii'iil an.l ..nlijjhtem'.l of the Kar.il ineinheis sai.l that il meant the loss of imlepemlem.'. "Now," saiil one ohl Ho'-i', "'Hir lli|llllcill of • , but II l''iiro|((', tlu' iioro ajipanMit noiiopoly, also ' iiiiiu's for the iiiiiistratioii of vas entirely In rt'injf. Nevor- CONTINaENT OF CEYLON MOUNTED INPANTRV.— Ceylon has proved that it can turn out not only good tea, but also good men. The illustration shows the Ceylon contingent of Mounted Infantry Voluntecra for service in South Africa, as they are marching to embark at Colombo for the front, February I, The contingent numbers I JU, including officers, non-commissioned officers and men. The men are mostly tea-planters, and are good riders and good shots. Captain Rutherford, ot the Dublin rusiiiers, ius the charge a: this gaiiant basd. The men had seen service before going to .ifrlea, so their gaiiun: esnduet iu tuc tieM is but the logical result uf trainiogi Gonpled with a patriotic deaire to Mrve the motber couatry. TlWN inea have been beard from oo several occasions since reaching the front. w R * O J 5 S -S.* js a < p 5 ..a llllll Tnn MF.x WHO r.XKiciir.n Tim rh'.issr.i.ii.. 108 ■A S5 (iu'lrHH, from n (ttih (ii ii ttilril of tlH> iiiiliv*>H winking in ilit> iiiiticM wi'ic liiibiiiiiillv ili'iiiik. Awiili- rniiii ilii' Krcal Iohm i-iiliiili'Hin^ tile fi'llK'dy iil'fjcd liy tlu' Sdilc Scc- rctar.v, Hialc Attmncv and Ilic liflli-r |Hir(itin of liix adininiHlralion. I'l-cHidi-nt Ki iip-r rnrtlim- alicnalnl the HynipatliicK of llie rillandcr |)o|Milati(iii liy inilialiii'r and tanNiiip; to W (laHHi-d in IS'.lT llic law i«nl>- iirdiiiatinK tlic Ilifrli ((inil in l!ic VolkMiaud. TIiIh law, known an "Law- No. 1 of 1S!)T," i-in|MiW('ri'd him lo ciuvt aKHiiraiici-H frmn ll><- jiid};<'H Unit llic.v would rcMpcct all iisidnlioiiM of the VolkHi-aad i\n liaviiif; tin- font' of law and dcrhiM' IlK'niKclvcH not cnliMcd (o lest lli<- validity of a law hy il8 aKrc<-iniMil or contliit with the conHtitnlion, and the incaMiii-<> fni-tlicr I'liipowm-i (I the I'lCMidmit in the cvt-nl of liis not licin^ satiHticd with tho I'haractm- of tli<> rcplicH lo Kniniiiarily disniisH ilit< jod^t-M. .IndKo Kotz<>, who luid Norvcd Knif;cr and hlx Il(dlandi'ri4 faitiifiilly formally yt-ars, protcstcti Htroii<;ly aKaiiiHt tliix law, and in loiiKctpifnco wnH itM Hist vi< tiiii, KnitrtT fXcrciHin;; IiIh |M)W('rH by rcinoviiifr liiin from his (liit'f JiiHlict'shi]). Mr. .Tnstlcc AmfHhof, who had alwi niadi> a Htaud aguiuiit the I'resideut iu tbin mutter, was likewiHe rt'iuovtil. . STANDIXO ON TIIK VKIfY HIUNK OP WAR Froin "Denver Tiini*." The bone of contention between the Hritixh Kinpire and the Kmith Afrirai. Kepnblie is represented by the Transvaal, wlii
  • rn fjiiiis. Tiirat.l- there with LIETJTESANTQENKBAL J. D. P. FBKNCH. MAJOR-UENKKAL T. KELLVKENNV. Amonu the Uuders in the British South African campaign who have ina.le themselves conspicuous by valiant service amouK uic icuucis 111 luc u _ J Oeneral J. I>. P. French is in command of the_cavalry Jivision tn Th.' ani- er«' with QENERALS FRENCH AND KELLY-KENNV areGeneral Frencli and Gvneral KellyKeiiny, "«""\^ P"'''7"»°L *'»'"?" ,™^^^^ His former war ^a.,,h iffi-a »"'l hu.wnn renown bv his briUiKUt leadership. Ik formeriy belonged to me 1 t abamloii her ilaiiii to the right of suzerainty over the forei}.'!! alTairs of the Transvaal, but in the ulti- niatuni submitted to the Itritish Cabinet the day before war was declared the Hoer Oovernnieiit also retracted one of the concessions it had pro- fessed its willinfiuess to make — a tive instead of a seven years' franchise. Hut tlie crux of the . , ultimatum, of course, was the determination of the Uepnblie to abide lr in the Convention of ISSl exjiress reference was made to su/eralnly, as well in the preamble as in the articles, whereas no such reference could be found either in the preamble or in the articles of the 1W4 conven- tion; and he therefore maintained that as, wherever i! was the intention to jtreserve any siipiilalioii of the old Convention of tSSl it was rein- serted in that Of 1S^'^, it was a necessary conclusion that what was omitted was not intended to be reallirmed. In support of this contention the Hoers invoked the testimony of 10» the Hev. I), r. Fanre, who accompanied the Tiausvaal dek'uatiou to lyondon as interpreter, and who wrote that "it was clearly understood ami ajjreed by both contractiuf? parties that Her Majesty's suzerainty should be abolished, except to the extent detined in article t of the Convention of London, subseciuently si;;iu'd. And the Transvaal de|)U- tation left London conii)letely satisfied with the result of their mission, except with re};ard to the new boundary line." On behalf of (ireat Hritaiu, Sir 1{. (i. W. Herbert, who was con- nected with the Earl of Derby's "government, declared that Mr. Faure's nu'Uiory was at fault, and recalled that "Lord Derby was aware that the formal withdrawal of tin- ()n. 'n's suzerainty would be liable to be interpreted as the surrender of the claim of (ireat Hritaiu to contnd the foreijjn relations of the Transvaal; and accordin;jly, in bis letter to the delejiates, dattnl November 2!t, 1S83, he informed them that a draft treaty which they had submitted for adoption as between two e (luestion taken by Her Majesty's (iovern- ment, and this view was maintained steadily. "The preamble of the Convention of 18S1," wrote Secretary Cham- berlain in the early part of ISilit, "laid dovvii the basis of the future mu- tual relations of Her Majesty and the inhabitants of the South African Kepnblic. To these inhabitants Her Majesty {irauted internal inde- pendence. To lierself she reserved the position of suzerain. The ar- ticles of the (\)nvention of 1881 deflninl alike the general character of the infernal indeiH-iidence and of the suzerainty. "The articles of the Convention of 1884 substituted a fresh defi- nition for the former one. The preamble of the Conv(>ntiiui of 1881, the basis on whidi these deflnitious rested, remained unchanged. If no coxriiXTiox ui-.a.uatixc the cox\iixiio\s or i8«i .ixn 1884. thill picimihlc liiMi licfii rcpcalcil iint oiil.v uniiltl (lie icscivalion of '.ilc lo ((iiisidcp aiiv |irii«llv on their iiccciitancc of tliis view." KcfiiiidiiiiU' the frciincnt assert hms isia(h- tliat Kii},'hiii(l was li«;liliii^r the IJoers only for the i»niiMise of "the };ratilieati f the lusts of f;Tee.l,y lords who desired a partition anionf; themselves of the ;jold uinl dia- monds of the Transvaal," the .Mar«|nis of Salislmr.v, I'reniier of Kn^jland, saiil in an address at tinihlliall, in October, IS!*!): "Now, I Ifji to assure evervone that Her Majesiy's Cabinet have not had a fartiiin}; from the Transvaal or from any other jjold fields. There is Yukon, about which there is no contest. If there had been an.v chance of onr fjaininy; advantajies, these Yukon <«()ld tields should have ,vielde furtiier. Kn;riand as a whole would have had no advantage from the possession of the pdd mines e.xcept as her (iovernnient con- ferred the bl«'ssiny:s of j^ood administration upon those enjj;a<;ed in the industry. All successful indnstiy breeiiverniuent than under any other re;;inien in the world. Hut that is the limit of our interest. "What we tiesire is e(|nal ri;;lils for all men, of all races, and secur- ity for our fellow subjects and our empire. The hour for askiii;; l»y what means these results can I btained is not yet conu', but tlieHe are the objects, and the only objects we seek. "\Ve do nut allow any other consideration to cross onr path." su/.ei'ainly on the part of Her Majesty have been I'epeaieil, but also the ^M'ant of internal independence lo the inhabitants of the South .\friIarch 17, ISM — that is, immediately after the conclusion of tli(> Lon- don t'oiiveiition, in wliich the speaker said: "W'hatevtr suzerainty meant in the < 'on vent ion of Pretoria, the condition of things wliidi it iin- jdied still remains." In his rejily to I'l'i'sident Krii};er's n- erumeut, claiming the status of a f' C"'"^?!, '^*'* »'^'^'le ^^ Uiem«Mve. ana siuDDormy protested the further advance of General French's forces. But the kfiid of determination displayed m these illustrations won the day. ■6i BRITISH WAB8HIPS AT DELAOOA BAY. PHILOHEL-S" ANURY SHOT. hr*n in^SS n^r^;^5?l!^ ,^I P^u 9^^ BAV.-Delagoa Bay being the natural port of entry for the Transvaal, most of the aupplles and mnnitiona of war have been lauded there to be forwarded to the Transvaa . Uuiler treaty with Portugal the Transvaal Ck)vernment was forbidden by the British to make use of this port after nlf 1,°." . J!f .inl • "' *",'' """* .""'"'? *"!: "l"^ were stationed at the entrance to the bay to prevent any infringement of this order. A wwtch was kept^ay and nigut, andaiuncoming vessels were stoppe.l aii.I their manifests examineeut« of troops which have arrived In 8(mth Africa since June 1, 18i)1>, shall be removed fn)m South Africa within a reasonable time, to be agrewl upon with this Oovernment, and with the mutual assurance and guarantee on the part of this Oov- 113 ernment that no attack ui)on or hostilities against any portion of the jHtssessions of the British (Sovernment shall be made by this Republic during tlie further negotiations, within a period of time to be subse- (luently agrtvd uimiu between the (Jovernments; and this Oovernment will, on compliance therewith, be prepared to withdraw the armnl burghers of this Republic fr(un the borders. "Fcmrth — That Iler Majesty's troops which are now on the high seas shall not be landed in any part of South Africa. "This Oovernment presses for an immediate and aflirmati' e answer to these four questions, and earnestly requ<*sts Iler Majesty's Oovern- ment to return an answer before or upon Wednesday, October 11, 1899, not later than five o'clock p. m. "It desires further to add that in the unexpected event of an answer not satisfactory being received by it within the interval, it will with great regret be comp<'lled to regard the action of Her Majesty's Oovern- ment as a formal declaration of war, and will not hold itself resjMmsible for the consecpiences thereof, and that, iu the event of any further move- ment of .roops occurring within the above mentioned lime in a nearer direction to our borders, this (Sovernment will be compelled to regard that also as a formal declaration of war. "I have the honor to be, respectfully yours, , «F. W. REITZ, State Secretary." I On the night of October ICth the Secretarj' of State for the Colonies at London sent the following reply on behalf of the British Oovernment, it being received at Cape Town by Commissioner Milner and trans- mitted by him to Pn'toria: "Chamberlain to Milner, High Commissioner: Her Majesty's Oov- ernment has receive*! with great regret the peremptory demands of the South African Uepublic, conveyetl in your telegram of October 9. You ill irsT lu'FORi: TUP. lu.oonsiir.n nr.c.ix. will Infoiiii I he (ir, in a speech before Ihe IJaad, or Hoer Parliament, said: "Fverythinj; points to war because a spirit of falsehood has over- taken other countries and because the people of the Transvaal wish to ^;. "Dear and Mm h I'steeined Sir: "This is to thank you heartily for your valued letter. I re};ret that I cannot write in the Knuiish lanjiuajje, and I have none of my children here, as all my sons have j,'one on commands to join the troops of our land on the borders where Ihe British forces were mustered, ready to invade our countiy. "I'erhaps before this leller reaches you some of our burfjhers will once mor<' perish .'it the hands of Her Majesty's aririy. "II may be that r if all Kn^land comes with alt the colonies fnini which Chamberlain wants help, they are too strong for IIS and too ]H>werfnl. "I have prayed luuch and many jn-ayers Imve goiio np to the tliron(» of (iod from all over South Africa to avert this war, but I'hodes ami his |iarasites <1emand our blood. I had always hoped that war be iiverted, but what can we do, what is there to be done in our land? \o franchise, no redressinj,' of the Out landers' {{''ii'vances, nothing will avert this war. Our i»rayer.s, our {jnintinfj; of franchises have been in vain. "Kveii if we were to wash Chamberlain's feet that would be in vain. The Afrikander bund has put Rhodes out of Parliamentary [Miwer, and this is enoii,<>h — tli«> Transvaal must be suppressi'd. "Now, as I cannot hope this letter will reach you before the liritisk ATTACK ON SPiON KOP.— After <5?ys of Kvcre fightiug to relieve Oeneral White, cooped up in Ladysmith, Grncra! Bullcr's forces, Jaauafy 24, !900. attaokec! and capturrd Spion Kop, a eertral hill said to have been the key to the Boer position before l^dysmith. It developed that the attack was a blunder on the part of some one. The Boers, instead of being driven back from place to place and finally losing their strongest position, Spion Kop, as reported, seem to have led the British on step by step until covered by Boer guns, while the British were inable to bring artillery up the steep ridges or obtain water, though they had been informed that there was plenty of water on top of Spion Kop. The result was the British were obliged to abandon the captured position before the next day, and the army compelled to retreat across the Tugela river, after Buffering heavy losses. sS OS B g.s a; -55.: ■s o ti at"' s s ^•ga s| lis pig S«=3S»3'SB 5?" 3 : 1 rss i is **-■?§£' ''Si* « ^ " 9 *S Jiu-sov *- Ji k- 2i 2 P So O Js *» o g fc- « " ^ .ran &c*i ^ Js llpllfl [(•2, "■Su _-S 5 ;2 t a S = .5g-gS»g S C*8.B o O 9 a-t^ ^l^c 3sS-2S,f sti ".5 "Sm iS Mi JUST BEFORE THE HLOODSIIED BEGA^. lit troops utiiuk us, notliiii},' al
  • ver, the friendly nature of these discussions has assumed more and more a threatenintf tone, and the minds of the isMqile of this rejtublic and the whole of South Africa have been excited anil a londitiou of extreme tension has been created, owin;; to the fact that Her Majesty's tiovernment could no longer afjree to the Icfjislation respectiii}; the franchise and the resolution respect- \\\\i representation in this republic, and finally by your note of Septem- ber 'Z'l, lS!l!t, which broke otT all friendly corresisindence on tlu' subject and intimated that Her Majesty's tioverninent must now proceed to formulate their own jiroposals for the final settlement. "This (iovernnient can only see in the above intimation from her Majesty's Oovernment a new violation of the Convention of London, 1SH4, which does not reserve to Her Majesty's Oovernment the rifjht to a unilateral settlement of a question which is exclusively a domestic one fin- this (Jovernment, and which has already been rej;ulateil by this (Jovernment. "On account of the strained situation and the consequent serious loss in and interruption of trade in jjeneral which the correspondence res|MMtin}i the franchise and the representation of the pwtple of this republic has carried in its train. Her Majesty's Oovernment has recently |)ressed for an early settlement, and tinnlly pressed, by your interven- tion, for an answer within forty-eif^ht liours, a demand subsequently somewhat inodifleil, to yiuir note of September 12, replied to by the note of this Oovernment of September 15, and to your note of September 2,'>, 18!>i>; and thereafter further friendly nefjotiations were broken off, this Oovernment receivinj: an intimation that a proposal for a final settle- m«'nt wonld shortly be made. "Althouch this promise was once repeated, the proposal up to now has not reached this Oovernment. Even while friendly correspondence was still going on the Increase of troops on a large scale was Intro- lis JcsT liF.roiH'. rill'. ni.ooDsnr.i) lu'.a.i.v. (liKi'tl liy lIiT Majfsiv's (iovcrninfiil, (lie iroops liciii}; N(aliiiiii'il i.i ilit- iii'i;;litiiii'ljiiiMl iif llif liiirilci-s of this l{<'|iuhlir. "Iliiviii}- r<'j.'jiril to (MciiiTciircs in iln' liisioiv of tijis K.-piililic wliicli il is III cssiirv licrc to liili to iiiiiiil, litis |{i'|iiililir felt (ililijjcd til t'l'^iii'il tliis iiiiliiiii'v fiirif ill till' tii>i;ililiiirliiiiiil nl' its Ixirili'is as a liiiiat against tlic iiiili'iii'iiilfiiic of ilu- Soiitli Aftiraii Hfpiililic, since it was awaic tif no ririiiinslaiK'cs wlitfli would justify tlic iii'cH.'ncf of siirli a iiiililaiy I'oirc in Soiitli Afi'iia and in tin- .ici^'Miorliood of its liolilcls. "Ill answer to an ini|iiii'\ witli fesperl tlierelo. addressed to Mir. Ivxeeilelicy the llij.'li < 'ominissioner, tllis (iovel'liniellt rereived, to its ^ii'eal astonisliinent, a veiled iiisinnation that fioni the siilc of Ilie |{e- piihlie an attack was liein('. The Roers, in their own words, trekkeil, liecaiise they wanted to 'wallo]> tlie nijjjjers.' " Di8CU!«sin<; the question of Hupromnr.v, Mr. riiamborlain said: "The wlnde idijecl .d the Itoefs lias been to onst the (Jiieeii from her position a suzerain. Now they have thrown olT ihe mask ami declared themselves a so-erei^n, independent Stale. Ili'r .Majesty's (iovernmeiit has had a siisidcioii ainoiiiiiin<'ver eiit should be enabled lo Hlren^'lhen the military forces of this connlry by callinj; out the Ueserve. For this purpose the pro- visions of the law iM'iider it necessary that Parliament should be called lo>.'etlier. "Kxcept for the ditllcullies that have been caused by the action of Ihe South African Uepiildic, ihe condition of the world couliniicH to be peaceful. "Oeiitlemen of the House of Coninions: Measares will be laid before yon for the purpose of providin;; the expenditure which has been op may lie caused by events in Soiilli Africa. Ksliniales for the ensiiiii}; year will be siibmilfed to you in due course. ".My Lords and l'. i^ii iMiwcrH li In iliin^'t'i'- if iil'iiis, I lie I'.v State ill the }{reiltest ilit ofililTel- I lie (lettlilH IT 17)li tlie III after llie 1^^ tile illter- MMlleiil that itar.v forces tse the pro- Ill he lalleil lie actiiiii llf onliiiiieH to rill he laiil wliii'h liaH lies for the of doinestii' I'riiid, when III has been •riler to nsk ill iKTforin- le fjnitlaneo he flovprii' has oceurre.1 tn-tween^h^IIHUsh a^d^thl^'JL^Tire' fiR^rf i^^^^ »" *"';''*''! .«'»' T^ ^ ~'^ '° ''»^^ ^^ *•>« ""'y diplomatic affair that he was a B^r .get and acting in « way injurious to th^e firiUsh caX ult«J , w ^ / ^ T''" "f '■""'.'' '." ^"'Ji"" •''>' "»* «""''' undercircumstances lh,>t showed that interrn<;ated bv Caninin P«r^vSc"M eoijiin3n"s-Tt -' n """*" S""^' .He was therefore taken into custody. The illuntrntinn i« nf !h» o<-pn« wh»n K' U"'- -as ^'■^3 ">""**' "'^^^'' President' Kru^r" he' WmpuTnotm^''theXuLh''^ufhnri,'i!i;'^ "l" ""-" I""""" °' ?»«")«*"« M^- Marks was seriously corsfd'errf. woiUd be tbgt u repri»«l ^ i»">upuy noaaea uie Bntuh authonUe« that if Mr. Marks was executed, six British officers, ptiaoners of war at Pretoria Jm limn S£ 5 a .-p'-o s M JUST BEFORE THE BLOODSUFD BEGAN. 131 § •"Sag M^ P HlronncMt nation lian never In ItM HlreuKtl" tlone to any opjMinent it luiil cliallenKed. It iHwued a flellanrc mo amlaeioim tliat I eoulil Keartely depict it williout UHinn words uiiHuiled for tliin aw- Ncnilily, and by ho doinj; tlicy liberated tliix country from liie necen- Hlty of exphiininj; to tiie people of Knjriand why we are at war. Hut for thin no one could have predicted tliat we would ever be at war. "There have been very (jrave «iueHtionH between uh; but, up to the time of the iiltiniatnni, the uiodes we had KUKp'stiHl of settlinn them were succewMfnl and the 8iiirit in which we were met was encouraninf;. We lately had lio|M'd that the future had In n-serve for us a belter fate. "Hut now all questions of possible js-ace, all questions of justifying the attitude we h mI assumed and all i|nestionsof point iiif,' out the errors and the jjrave opiu'ession of which the Transvaal (iovernmeni haw been ({uilty— all these ipiestions have been wiiwd away in this one ^reat insult, which leaves us no other course than the one which has received the assent of the whole nation and which it is our desire to carry out. "It is a satisfactory feature of our policy durin;; these later days that, on (|nestions involvinij; the vital interests and honor of the coiiii- try, tluTe are no distinctions of party." Tlie I'remier also said that he believed that a desire to fjet rid of the word "suzerainty" and tiie reality which it expre>ise<'ide whether ^lie future of l^iutli .Vfrica will be a growing Dutch supreiiMcy or a Haf< |M>rfertly estub- llshed supremacy of the Knglish people." (ieneral I'iet J. .loubert persoiuilly assuuit-'l ••<»mnui'nd of the Boer forces of the 'fi-ansvaal and (leiieral l.iicas Mey. ^sume-l Ihi- diriM'tIo of the forces of the Orange Free Htale. The 111, ~ of the 'wo republics asserteil that they would put about KM (HtO niei. the field, but after- wards said they never had more than .(MMM) at nv piic 'lae. (Ireat JOHN BULL THOUGHT :E would have the DOAR (BOER) DT CIIHTSTMAS. —From "Tno Denyor Tlm««.' Britain at first thftught * ",000 men would be sufficient to put down tlie Boers, but by the 1st of 'ay, 1!)00, they had 22r),000 men there, by far the largest army Englan. had ever raised. Majortieneral Sir Uedvers Buller was the first Com nander-ln-Chief, but was later superseiled by Field Marshal Lord Koberts. The Boers i'!uiine TOO SOON. FiKiii "DciMvr Times." np«Hof Ksabandouuifut was iciciv.Ml. -i-j. ^.m » 122 1UI> noYS FOOL TIIKIU UN( LE PAUL. rritiii "Denver TiiiieN." Iii'l.; I'lMil KiMpr hii.l a hani tiiii.- „f it March liXtO when ■■ I I; '"Hi -.V.S ..f .lie Mei..hlM.,.h„.„I t....nM..t of faet, ,a<«», when a In) ,if 'iHl.v iiiul, in fad, Hilary bird, Lad.v- l"!'"!!'.!. kn(!\V!l its N'd finlititif; liiill- III for liis life and UtrTARY ATTACHES IN SOUTH AFRICA, SIB ALFRED NILNER, PREMIER OP CAPE COLONY. DDDUicn ^^ ^^.^^ MIUITAKY ATTACHES IN SOUTH AFRICA, «^ P«^',ER..OP CAPE COLONY AND mUTARYATTACHES.-SirAIfro,lMnn,rth.Pr»M« of C.^.Oo!r„vh.-^--^^ -^ . ■ rsmpirc tinnuj; inc last few montlis. lie U xku in Ihe iliusirntion in tin, our.ionc „f .i,.'„„.".."_r.~ . . "-^F^ "■ "i""> , na.. T)rcn Ihc busiest and most anxious man in the fighting in order to pick up bints for the benefit of their own armies liolil n uniaue liwiiinn Ti.L ,^- Vi ^ AttechM.-The foreign niihtary attaches, who go to see the ni.j,^b. .ealing tbunaer tL sonie .U. ..lay be useU againrtS^^^^^^^^^ 1 Mi CHAPTER X. FIRST FIGHTING OF THE WAR. 11 HE British and tlie Boera came togetlier on the battlefield at Dundee just a week and two days after the declaration of war, and the flglit was a bloody one, the Englisli losing heavily in oWcers, among them their commander. General Sir Wil- liam Penn Symons, mortally wounded while lead- ing a charge. The next day, October 2l8t, there waH another sanguinary meeting at Elandslaagte, near Ladysmith, where the Boers lost (leneral Jan H. M. Kock, second in rank to (Jeneral Jonbert, general-in-chief of the combined burgher forces, and General Viljoer. In both actions the Boers were beaten. Each side exhibited the most admirable courage, the British being fierce in the charge and the Boers stubborn in defense, but the latter finally gave way before the impetuosity of the English onsets and retired, making stands now and then and inflicting considerable loss upon their pursuers. In both actions the Boer artillery was poorly senetl, much of their ammunition being worthless, also some shells not bursting at all. In these two engagements the British hsler his command, opened e.ii (he buighc-rs with his artillery, at «::10 a. m., just as they were at their coffc-c-, and tlic-n sent the Manchester regiment to lead the charge. Sc»„ii i.n.i «ar,is, with a wide sweep, the Imperial Light Horse drove the Boe-is from the- hills, while th,- dismounted troope-rs and the Lnnc-ers did good service. Meanwhile^ under a hot Are, ruled out in long lines, n b'rt'2Py^defed'dfn«"k^ni?^^ri'^lS5'^h^ I' "'' i" '°<=*^«'" j" G">«"l P«nch-» campaign which resulted in the relief of Kimberley. The Yorksl ""p'l.'i .^,°'°?" l°Pl* of considerable imnortoac. H-ar 3Hsgera»oat«a. Thr odds «:rr against fhr Vnrtshirrs and thfy wr? in dsucrf of fe he«Sohh"en;m;fltd"b^forelhr'8«> "«' '""y on a ■•kopje." One Boer wa. bayo«tted on th^l^.^ of ■re icvuiiuc enemy nea oetoretBe New Zealandera' ininefnou««■»« nf th. v._ 7A>i.f.ai>. i« thi. i_..M._» _. ~._i^j._j -< .?. NEW ZBALANDBRS Regitnent were bravi •^?i;,'-'^.te"«rt of th" enemy fltd tefo~1hril 7-.',"*'^ "??« ¥^ ^ililmbr'c^ia'^the enemy on a aopje. wne ooer wa. Dayo««e. About 4:;iO oVlot k the Manclicster rcfjiment and tlie (Jordon Hij^li- lauderH Hwuiijj round tlie left to piiu the hillH, but the Devonshire regiment hehl on. The Dragoon (hiards forged ahead to the extreme left, elearinjj tliat flauk and menacin}; the line of Hoer retreat, and methodieally and steadily the {jallant burffhers were forced to fjive ground. Hit by bit tiie Mancliester regiment and tiie failed, owing to the failure of tieneral Erasmus to co-operate with Oeneral Meyer at Dundee. This was explained by tli(> fiit at Dundee. He made a jdan of campaign with ("oni- mnndant Erasmus by message. Erasmus, however, failed to apiiear. "JOUBEHT." fleneral Yule succ; MORE TROOPS NEEDED FOR SOUTH AFRICA. From "St. PanI Pioneer-Press." l'n Riill at. the Teleplione.— "Hello. Tentral! Hello! Hell— Don't bar . "' Wh\ T'l;;'.',' • . •;'' ;"" "'" ''•"•"'«" <»•"'"- ;, howeyer, the losses were small on both sides. By Noyember 1st Ladysmith was inyesled ((unpletely, and (Jeneral White shut up there with 12,«0(> n>en. K.'fore this was llone, howeyer, (Jenernl White did some sharp ti},'htinf,' around the place in the en- deayor to roll baik the Free Staters, but witliout result, lie inflicted some severe losses on the Roers, l)Ut suffennl himself, iiarticularly at Niehnlson's Nek, wher(> a battej-y of six anm and the better jjart of two rof{iments of infantiy, l,10(» men, were forced to surrender after exi)eriencin^r nuiny casualties. (lenernl White's tirst official rejiort on the disaster was as fidlows: I "Ladysmith, October 30, ISftO, ]():;}.-> p. m. "I have to report a dlsHsler io the odiimn sent by me to take a position (m a hill to niiurd the left flank of the troops. In these oiH'rn- tions to-dny the Itt)yal Irish Fusiliers, No. 10, mountain battery, and 133 th.. Ohmceslershire reKin„.nt were surrounded in the hills, and after l'.HinK ["'■avHy had to capitulate. Tin- casualties Imye not vet I, ascertained. "A man of th." Fusiliers, employed as a hospital orderly, came in under a Han of Ivuce with a letter from the survivors of the column, wh.. asked for assistamr to bury the dead. I tear th.'re is no doubt of the truth of the report. "I f..rme. m., .)n the ;'flth inst t.) mar.h by iiiv;ht up R.dl's Spruit and s.mz.> Nich.)ls.)n's Vek, or son.e p<.siti..n near Ni.li.ds..n's Nek, thus turniuf; the en..mv's ri^dit flank. "The main advanc' was suc<'essfu!!v carrie.l oiji, thr- objeetiv of the atta.k b.'iiif; found eva.uat.'d, and artillery duel between our field batteries and the enemy's fjuns of position anil Maxims is understood to have caused heavy loss to the enemy. i:il /•///; nis.isii:h' .it xkiioi.soss xr.K. f '•UcionniiiHMiiiKr forced the cnoniy to full.v iliscli.Hc Mn iMmiiiuii, iintl, lifter ti siioii;; coimler iiiiaek on oiii- linhi infiiiiliv Itiipole ami tiiviihv IuhI been repulHeil, llie troops were mIowIv widiilrawii lo eaiii|i, liirkels lieili;; left in oliser\atioii. "l-ate in llie eM;;ap'nienl Die naval eontinKcnl, uiitlei" ('a|ilalu l.ainlilon, of Her .Majesl.v'n xliip Powerful, came into action, and sileiiied with extremelv accnrate tire ll nem.v'H ;;nns of |H)Milion. "The circiimHtances which attemled the movements of Coloiiel t'arleion's c(dnmn are not vet fnll.v known, lint fi i tlie ie|ioriM re telved the col n a|i|iearM to have carried out the nifjlit iiiarih iiiiiiio. lesii'd until within two mileH of Xicholst away with practically the whole ^un e<|uipiiient. "The {{leater portion of the re};imental small arms and ammunition reserv,' was similarly lost. "Tile infantry battalions, however, fixeil bayonets, and acconi- IMinied by the personmd of the battery, seized a hill on the I. ft of the road two miles fr:.'{l» a. m., when strong; reinforce- ments eiiabletl them to push the attack with y;reat ener^'y, "The fire became wry .searchinf;, and two companies of the (ilon- cesters, in an advanced |Misition, were ordered to fall back. "The enemy then fiii'ssed to short raiifje, the losses on our sulo becomiiij; very numerous, ".\t .! p. ni. our ammunition wns prnctically e.xhausted. The posi- tion was captured, and the Hurvivors of the colunm fell into the eneniy'H hands. "The enemy treated our wounded with j;reat humanity, (ieneral Jonbert at once dispatcliin^j a letter trani/,alion of the (Ji iV forces was elTecied. IHlTereiii battalions of regii ,ts were sent to colonial iHissessions controlled by the crown and there reory:anized. The llrsi and second battalions of the re>{inienl prior to thlN terri- torial orpinizal onstituted the Kiuhlyseventh IfeKiment Infantry or foot regiment. The reginiental district is th.- section about ArmaKii, Ireland, where the re};imental depot is located. These men and their pivde.essors foiinht in a long lin<> of famous battles, as their regimental standards ami the ariiiv lists show. Tlwir •• '•« '"'•••.V '•'<• I'l"""' "f ll'<- I'rime of Wales, an eagle with a wreath of laurel, the harp and crown. I'rinc.ss Victoria's cor.met and a sphinx supers.rilMHl Kjrypt. Ou four continents these n h,ive battled for their sovereigns and their coiintry-froin .Montevideo to Sebastapol ami the ICgyptian campaign of l,sxi> and IHKJ, conchnling with the bat- tle of Telel-Kebir, until forced to surrender their Hag to the Hoers. The battles in which the regiment claims honor because of partici- I'l'* '"■•' -Montevideo, Talavera, Uarrosa, Tarifa, Java, Victoria, Xe- ville, Niagara, (trtlies, Toloiise, Peninsula, Ava, Hebastapol, Knviit 'lSS2 to IHH4, and Tel-el-Kebir. The (Moucestershire regiment is one of the oldest and inoHt hon- orable of the military organizations of (ireat Mrilain. ll used to be '' ' f B0ER5 QUARCHNa THEIR HORSES.— After selecting b line of "kopjes" from hcliind which to fiRht. the Roern trnA their hnrva to the "^or tl'st they m«y have ihem in readinen ahouid a change of position ))ecome necessary through hafrt pressure by the enemy. Tiie lilustratlon sliows a line of "kopjes" in the distance tVat It being held by the Boers, and along which a battle is raging as evidenced by the smoke along the crest of the hills. The Boers are so expert at handling horses that during the fight a few men guard the horses of a whole commando as shown in the drawing. If the battle goes against the Boers, these men dHve the animals up to the retiring force. When the horses are not eipected to be needed at a moment's notice, they are kace-haltered and left to limp around and graze. Knee-haltering consists of tying a forward leg so close to the bead that the animal cannot run. THE DISASTER AT NICHOLSON'S NEK. 137 : ii Ing Ing somewhat smaller, acconling to Opncral Joubi'rt. So figures were given, however. The battle at Lombard's Kop, outside Ladysmith, on October 29th, was fought by General White with nearly 13,000 men, the Boers num- bering about 20,000. The theater of operations wa« semi-eircular, with a radius of two to three miles, at the center being Ked Hill, at the western limb Lom- bard's Kop, and at the eastern limb a series of hills. In front of the center was a small hill on which the Boers had planted a forty-pounder and several twelve and flfteen-j)ounder8. Disposed in front of tlieir guns wefe the Boer forci^s. Tlie country in front was broken and hilly, with a few trees and bushes scattered here and there. I'ractically all the Britisli forces, artillery, about forty guns, cav- alry and infantry, wore engaged. Our object was not to dear the hill, but to squeeze the horns of the Boers in a half circle together, to silence his guns and to compel him to retire. Morning broke with clear and warm sunshine. At 5:15 o'clock the Boers began dropping 40-pouud shot into Ladysmith. The English cavalry was drawn up on tlie soutli side of KjmI llill. At 6 o'clock a sputter of rifle Are was heard from the hills io tlie west, and socu tlie British artillery, Maxims, Nordenfeldts and rifles were in full blast, the engagement taking place all along the line. The Boers' great force was disposed in a semi-circle, and by ~:IW o'clock the thunder of big guns and the rattle of musketry was terrific. The top of the hill on whl) Cron.je iiiifl hin iiicii ,.ii (heir way to St. Helena on 1 nl the Hritish warship "I'cnclopc." Thc.v were treated well on the voyage, and at St. Helena have no complaints to make, as they are well sheltered and have jdenly to eat. WILL HE OVEHrOME THE TEMPTATIONS? From "St. Paul Pioneer-Pre8H." Distri) t Messenger Smith, of Phlhuhdjihia, departed for Pretoria, South Africa, in April, 1!MM), to carry a mesHane from some of the school children of the (Quaker City to I'rcsidcnt Krn|;er. .!ii!iM Hull iK K(nfrerinff teniptatioiiH la The shape of (ipuetteN iind yellou-covered novels in McsseiiKC'r Smith's wny iu the hope that he will forjict to deliver the iiiC8t;aj,'t' to Ooin Paul. 138 1 I'toria, Hclitml 'H and le will IIAJOB^IENEBAL N. O. LYTTLETON. MAJOR-GENERAL E. R. P. WOODOATE. MAJOR-aBNERAL E R. P. WOOIXIATB.— General Woodgste commanded the QUi Brigade of the 5th Division of the British armv in South Afrir- „»j ^ dangerously wounded at Spion Cop He was torn in 1845 and educated at Radley and Sandhurst.^ He entered the artny ?t" °«&5 as an ensigT'^ He has seen nmch 1.1» •erV!ce in Asia and Afnca. and wui in command of Regimental District 17 (Leicester) when in November, \m% he was called to assumecommand of the yth Brigade K.'^wcflu.'gx;*.'?' 't.fr.v.i JJ t-IBiaRBii ' TRANSPORT WAGONS CROSSING THE VELDT.-One of the m«t «_n»rkable tbinj. .bo«. the Bn^h e.m»^^ been manifested in geUing.uppUe, to the variou.divUion. of the army. Unje anniea have op.r.£ \-f^'^^'^''^^'j!^,':SS^t I'^lS^ZI^^ transportationfand yet no reports have come of any aenou. lack of «'her Provision, or ammuniUon It do« not «^^ j^ ^^ ^^ _ gotten to the front. A. much ability in generalship his been manifested in k«ping the «™y sup^i^ .. m dirwtin^^^^ ?he moWng of one of Sir Redvere Buller'. training the officers in comn^and have had rnconductfngcampaiKni in territory not •"•y.';^^'''!;^'^^^^^^ " supply trains over the long stretch of veldt to Ladysmitli, and typically portrays the hardships connected with such an eipeoition. CHAPTEU XII. LORD METHUEN SMASHES THE BOEKS IN THREE BLOODY BATTLES. ^NE battle followed another in quick sutiesHion, demou- strutiug the eagerness of the troops of eaeh army to Lget together and settle the problem as to which was the better man — the EugUshman or the Boer. After each contest they had more respect for the fighting ) qualities of each other than ever before. General 'Sir Redvers H. BuUer api>ointed to the command i^of the British army in South Africa, took charge of afftv^'s on November 1st, and all England had its eyes on him. He was a fighter, who loved to hammer away at an enemy and never failed to attack him wherever and whenever found. Unfor- tunately for the cause of the British arms, however. General BuUer's tactics were not what was neev<'d. ThiH would require a strong column, aa the Boers were in force as far south as the Orange River. 141 Again Kimberley must be succored, for the Boers were pressing It closely. The garrison under Colonel Kekewich was in daily conHict with the besieging Boers, and asid" from its priceless treasure in dia- monds it was reported that 125,000,000 in gold was stored there. Be- sides, Cecil Hhodcii, the dominating figure in British South Africa, was there, whose capture would gratify the besiegers more tl:an the taking of the town. The Boers had set a price of |2,000,000 on his head, which showed how much they thought of him. The relief of Kinibeiiey would be followed by the relief of .Mufe- king, where Baden-Powell was holding out with very little to eat, but making the best of a bad situation. General Buller at once divided his force into thr«'e columns. One, under General Lord Methuen, a gallant but somewhat erratic soldier, was sent to the relief of Kimberley; another under General Sir W. F. (Jatacre constituted the center of the advance, ultimately going to the reinforcement of Methuen; the third and largest, under General Cor- nelius Francis Clery, was intended for the relief of Ladysmith, and (Jeneral Buller went with it himself. Within a short time each column had been terribly wliipiK-d, and the blood of the nuist heroic of Britain'.i sons flowed almost as freely as the waters of the mudily Modder or turgid Tugela. The Boer invasion of the eastern part of Northern Cape Colony began in earnest on November 6th, when a commando was nu)ving in the neighborhood of Aliwal North, De Aar and Coles- burg. A skirmish occurred on the 10th near Belmont, eighteen miles north of the Orange River, a station on the Kimberley line, in which Lieutenant Colonel Keith-F.ilcnnor was killed. Bolmnnt is fifty milPR south of Kimberley as the crow flies and eighty-six miles north of De .\ar by tL ■ same measurement, showing that a strong force of Boers w lilt- i»in-r l^l^^ ^\fi!s jilM liOl'lI JlcllniCII S linicial mmi m iin- cil^il^icrtlCIII III' SJIKI, IllKlcr (liltc Ol the l':i.l: "Alliiikcd ilic ciiciiiv iit iliivliicnk lliis rniiiM. ||,. ^iis in a strmiji- pi'siliiiri. Tlircc iiilj;cs wci-f ranicil in sn.ccssii.ii, the last altac k bfiii^- |nislit'(l iiv siii'a|incl. "Iiifautrv bcliavcil sijlcnilidlv ami rcicivcd sii]i|miii from (lie naval hrifjailc ami ailillcrv. '•Tilt' cnciiiv fdiifilit Willi ((Milage ami skill. Mail I allaikcil lalrr I sIkmiIiI liavc liail far licavicr loss. "Oni- victoiT was complctt'. Have taken foil.v prisomis. Am bni'.v- int; a piod nninlicr of tlic Itocfs, Imt tlii' niiaicr pail of tin- oncniv's killiMl ami wounded were removed liy llieir eoiiiiades. Have eaptiired a lar^ie iminher of horses and eows and desiroyed a laijre (|iianlilv of amnninitlon. "Urijfadier »» tl'«'.v wr,., the Hoers when allaeked, wlii.h was in th.' nature <.f a siirpris.- under cover of si - ' arkness, held their uTonml with -ivat tena.ily, but couhl not staud the l)ayonet. , „ ''"."■"' f '• " «"^'' '"'* ^' I>« li<'l.- rest, for he left Uelniont the f.dlowin- dav. ami on th<. iV.th found the Ho,.rK at Fnslin, oftener ealliMi <.ras I'au. ||e at ..me attacke.1 with the Naval Urip.de, the Ninth Urijiade, the hills. The ti};ht affaiu op,.„ed in the earlv morniiiK l..;l on tins occasion lli,> Hrilish gnus were bn.uffht into plav before tin' infantry advanced. The shell tire was continuous and terrific The Uoer position, a stron- one i , the kopj,.s, was shelled to such an .xtent that the Koer tiiv slackened and died away, and not .. mail was to be seen on the line of hills in front. Then it was that Lord Methueu gave the order for the force to advance and occupy the kopje which formeil the center of the positiou and the stronghold of the Hoer defense. This was the jrreat feature of the day. The men advance.l to the sijrn ..f an .■iminy. When the naval men wer.. 2t)0 or m) yards from th.- Uoer line tli.-y w.'ir met by one blaze of fire from the k.)t.je so niiirdei-ous and well sustained that n.> tnM.ps c.nild live before it' I'alliiiK ba.k f..r a few ..-.-inents f<.r ...yer the .dinrffe was Ofrain sounded' an.l, rushiufr from \M,Uit to point, takiufr all the shelter the Kfouml alTorded, the men reacliwl (h,- foot of the kopje. They halted for an of Ki JK*"«^rfo?Md™'^„r/°"^^^^^^ a\" rii"'o/i:;!.u'l'„";;^,? %tr'^lr ""«""^ '^•V" •>'' ■"'-"« f™™ orange River to the „lief pre««d forward in the face of a perfect haiUtorm Sf^sUot and shell"S whft r^V ri^y bc^eraed one onh'^",SZ"r'i''t "if ^?""'/i«"<= cheerinfthe Brit sh infl^try Guards ruBhed Jnto action with their band playing, and succeeded in clearing the lerondlinr^fknni^ w °.i ^e»P«"'e attacks of the war. FrSm the left tht S pushed forward throuBh a firtsswem »nne of M.,f.»,. ».,ii= .-.I'l '..■.*. _5-_ _**?'?.'*, "°? 9' kopjes, but with frightful loss of 1 fe: whilr nn ti,» ^„iwu- ^_™_'^°"' buard. rushed into action with fceir teSd pTayi^gTVnd suTc^ed in c^arirt^he i^^^^ '^.!,""?X 5!«P*'at^attacks of the ;,ar. "FrS,; th^ le thJS pushed forward through a fire^wep. .one St Mau*«r balls and death car^^„re"~?hin^Lfire^°E itilThe r"i^^^ ".?« ofWev-hi'e on the right the r*n%^°S "" " '"' '■" ^- •■ ^^}^ «lreal_witU heavy, loi. /rhe -Jntire^poJuron wrtakeT ^nd a^uJ^r% 't'l°? P^l'i'".".*/."- P"»'^'""- T°"""'y ?«™ wsy Bi the pomt or the Myonct, ana Ml back iu retreat with heavy loss. The 'Entire Wiironwartaken' «,id'«'i'.™'fjr' rV""'« position after position, eventually ga™ camp equipment, and many prisoners were captured. The Britlsh'loss iu killed anrw§SnnwT2!?0 "the exact S^r 1^ Is'SuLCn, ""' '"8" '^""^ "^ ammu^igo™ I LORD Mirnirnx s.u.isiins run boers. Instant only, and with a wild ypll went up llie hill, burninff to reveuKc theniHelveH for tlu- Uxm of offlcci-H and coiiiradcH. The J{,„.|s conld not stand it, and Hcd. The few that held their ffround were killed. The fl^ht was Honiewhat of a revolation. How the Itoers lav low under their defenKeH without nuikinf; any v.\^n during the terrifle "shell- ing of the Uritish artillery waH a feat scariely expected of them. On the other hand, the eoolnewH of the Hritinh under tire, the determined work of the HailorH and marines, and the persisteney with which all anus climbed the hill was remarkable. The Hritish loss was 1!>8 killetl and wounded, while tlie Hoer caK- unities were about 275. With rare detennination Lord Methuvn pushed on and reached the Md the burghers +o quit their position by the sup«'riority of their artillery and rifle Are, the retirement being accelerated by the "fact that Oenernl Pole- Carew, late in the engagement, succeeded in getting across the river with a force. No pursuit was possible as Methuen's men were simply ready to drop, and the Boers saved all their guns. Oen. Lord Methuen's dispatch to the Queen after the battle was a most remarkable production, and tendwl, more than anything else, to revive the stories that he was not entirely responsible fiir what he did and said. It was as follows: "Her Majesty, (he Queen, Windsor Castle: "Tlie battle was the bloodiest of the century. The British shellwl the enemy out of the trenches and then chargw!. The nwilt w.ts terrible. "METHUEN." 145 His official n-port, which was ver>- short, was clear-cut and graphic '" 7'"\'/. ♦" •' '•"' """•"'• "• ''"P*- Town, who forwarded it to the London War Office, lie sahl: "Modder Uiver, Tuesday, Xovember 23, 189!). Re"'' •''^ "Oen.>ral Poh-Caivw was s.iccessful in ge(ting a small party across (lie river, gallandy assis(ed by ,'{00 sapjM'rs. "f siM-ak i.. (<.rms of high prais*. of (he cond.ic( of all who were engaged in one of (he har.l<.s( ami n.os( (rying flgl,(s in (he annals of tl... British «,-,..y. If I can mendon one arm |.ar(i.ularlv, it is two bat- teries of artillery." folonel Albrecht, who directed the artillerv work of the Boers in opposing Lord Mefhuen, was originally an offl.er In the Austrian nr„,v. lie en(ered llu> Free State army and s(.on bro.ipht its artillery to a high state of efficiency, being known as an able artillerist and 8tra(egis(. It was throughout an infantry battle, in which every division was engaged. With all their disadvantages in point of ground and inter- vening river, the British troops, nevertheless, drove the force of 10 000 or 11,000 Boers off the field. ' The British attacking force consisted of the second battalion of the Toldstream (Guards, the first battalion of the Scots Ouards, the thinl battalion of the Orenadier Ouards, the first battalion of the Northumber- land Fusiliers, the second battalion of the Yorkshire Light Infantry (the King's Own), a part of the First Regiment, the Ninth Lancers the mounted battalion of the Koyal North Lancashire Infantry, three bat- Ui\ LORD MRTiirnx sM.\snr.s r/ii: liiii.l lliKlilaiiilcrM (I'liiMM'ss Lniiisi.V) ; ■ "";■.'' J'"' "' ' •■"•• ""• 'i«'n. TlH. h,m|.. ,„,,,,. ,,v ,1,.. ItH, J, 'I M.ix.i,.> an.l llM. „n|l..|y ,li.,.| iMst.,! son,,. |„.ms. TImt,. w.k •, •"■^"'"•/'"•' ""■" •«'•!" •■■Minv ..lv.„..,..l .....ss p,.i , ,™ 1 . ' I ■ '" ".Mih. Ilii'\ hlKl III) cover xviilli'vcr iiiil ii'..i... , MK ll„. |„i,N,. I..||„ws ,|M| uut .-..liv,,! ,„, in.h. Th,. I!,„.|- (iiv WIS I lilisli li,„Mv;is,.|ifiljHl...l. ' "-'"'"'"' ' ," ""? ''■"' " '"' ''""■" '" '■^••'i|'<' '-'» H,.- Boers no rest. "iiiixli forcPH h,. gave the II wpnr (I HiifTcrcd 'fore tlio 'roiii !!»• iavo the CAUGHT ON THE HOP, the battle ' ently cost estimated „ illustration . of lite Boers iiiR Kiniberlev was •, althouKli it a'ppar- Thc Eocr loss was >• shot down. The shown, that some * -wi* ■^ < I nil- A i" ,**#'•■ \ :.> 1. r. ^■^^DMBBj^HKHI^jj^pi ■ 1 nient Only t Ktorm 4;.iB,,--^|gS under Htaff I croHN t COHt tl l.<.ld victorj It L THE STROnBERO PA5S.-Thi« ia the pnM made famou. by General GaUcre's unsuccewful effort to .urpriae Stromberg. Unofficial advices show that General r»t.Trl wM cleverW led into a trap by treacherous guides. On the evening of December 8, 1S99, he left Putter's ifraal to surpriae the Bom. The moon was down and fvemhiw faW the BritUh a^^^ BSerfhad about 7,000 men fn the vicinity of Stromberg The British .rived within two mile, of their dest.n.tion when ever^imng i«»"/TO \^^ ! .j.VJL. c a ..—.- •!-.„ i... tij. Bos" ''om -•'"•"' "-••inn* •filrh threw the British into confusion. Thev i allied noblyiDut were Iw^ to^iuS^^nlmMy men in kiuVd7wouidi^"and MptuWd,"«id wme gunTaird Winiiiition. General G.ucre wai seveiely cnUc»ea for thi. movement. eat th» they d queror Tiigels hlB ma wait a niAl'TEK XIII. \ f Y ^Si^TrA lirSIIINO, bowildorinu Hnrpriws wcro awaitliif; Uciicrtil Hiillcr, who, iKitwitliHtuiHliii^,' the iiii- IHttit'iifc of the iK^>|»h' in Kiijjliiiul, . It won felt tliat Honictliin^ of import- ance Hliould b(> (lon(> nH t*oon aH poHHililt> in a mili- tary way by (Icni-ral Hullcr in order to prevent ali tile Koutli African Datcli from openly eHixniHin^ tile canB«> of the Koern, and also to ciiecli tlie audacity of the IiurnlierH wlio were not at all diHlieartened l)y the rcKultH of the en|{aKenientK at H<'lmont, KnHlin and the M(Mlder, whicii they did not deem defeats. After the latter flj;ht tlic 'ii^liHli general Hat down to wait for (he n«'ceHsary repairH on the Itrhlf^e, .iiid the rein- forcements he had calle . i; his forward move- ment until December 11, when he fell into a trap at Mafjersfontein. Only the day lirfme (leneral (Jatacre had met with a bloody repulse at Stornibern, while on the l.^th the main ci'himn of Oeneral Huller'H army, under the commnnd of (leneral t'lery. liic ('oinmanderin-Cliief and his Hiaff beinK with it, wan cliecke Colony, (i( -al IJartun occupied Kstcourt, (leneral llildyard drove the Hoers from Meacon Hill, near Kstcourt, and (Seneral Huller prepared to cross the Tugela ISiM'r, where he exiH-cted great opposition. Apart from Metliuen's ojierations the only diversion of conse(iuence was llildyard's victory, the story of wliich (leneral Huller t(dd in a dispatch to tiie London War Oftice, dated Pieternuiritzburg, Sunday, November 20111: •llildvard, fimii Kstcourt, made a successful attack November 23, with thre<> battiiliuiis, one tield battery, a naval gun and 700 mounted troops, on the enemy occui>ying Heacon Hill, wliicli dominates Willow (Srange and had interruptenv. It is a railroad junction, tifty miles north- west of tiu.M.nstowii an.l ei^'hteen miles fr..m Hurslu'rsdorp. The Stc.rmbern Mountains which surround the f.wn ar." fjreat masses, with manv pr.Mipices and cover.Ml with bowlders, makinj.- a favorable strong- hold" for fi!.ditinK' under the l?o.-r tactics. The ascent to the town is made bv zi^'zafi trails, which for a {jreat portion of the distance win.l betweei. precipitous declivities. olTerins; exceptional opportnn.tu.s for ambuscades. . .i . On November 2t; the Hoei-s in force occupi.'d ^tormber};, thus cut- ting railroad communication b.'tw.M-n (ieneral tiala.re, with ii in g.t.id s|>irils at the ]>ros|M>ct .>f a tight, stiimble.l along over ro.'ks anil veldt firm in the c.invi.'ti.in that the Ho.'rs w.'i'e asl.'eji. On the c.intrary they were very wi.le awake and waiting. The .'011111111 arrive.1 safely within a ciuiide of miles .tf its d.'stina- ti.)ii, the .(Illy incid.-nt .»f Hie niar.'h being an occasional siid.l.'ii .'all .if "halt," under the beli.'f that the IJoers were near. Siid.l.'iily a t.'friti.' tire .ipened simiiltane.iiisly .in the British fnint and right think. Th.' Koyal Irish KiH.'s, which f.iriiied the advance, s.iught shelter behind a neighb.iring kopje, an.l were sjic'dily joined by the reniain.ler of th.> c.iliimn. It was s.i.in found, li.iwever, that this p.isiti.in was also covere.! by Ibi.'r guns, wlii.'h wer." in. ire jHiwerful than lia.l been snpii.ise.l. The tr.i.ips, th.'i'ef.ire, stiiight a saf.'r p.isiti.in ab.iut half a mile away, tw.i liatt.'ries in Hi.' ni.'antim.' engaging Hi.' Moei-s and c.ivering the tr.mps in their with.lrawal. The action nowji.'.'am.' g.'iieral at long range, and a .leta.'hinent .if m.iunt.'d infantry iimv.'d northward with a view of getting on th.' enemy's right Hank. Sii.ld.'iily a str.iiig c.iinnian.l.i was se.-n in.iving fr.ini Hi.' n.irtli, an.l the H.iyal Irish Kitles an ine.'t it. It was so.in dis.-ov.'r.'.l, li.iwever, that the H.mm's had machine guns well jila.'.'.l, ami th.' Ilrilish w.-r.' .'Oinp.'ll.'d l.i fa.'.' a terribh' fire. N.it .inly .11.1 th.' two r.'giments suffer heavily in kille.l an.l w.iun.l.'.l, but th.' major part .if their for..' was tak.'ii jiris.iners. (ieneral Oalacre, tin. ling himself I'.inipletely .'utrappe.l, c.ill.'.'ted his fore.' and had a running tight fr.im ridge t.i ri.lg.' f.ir nine niil.'s in the r.'treat, losing two guns, the excell.'Ut han.lling of the lield buttery 111. III.' enabling the main b.i.ly t.i esc«|M'. The FusilieiK and the Irish HiH.'s were captured in small groups at. .lifferent times, many .if them being iinablo to join the oidunm when th.' retreat was begun. Titer.' was consi.lerable .'oiifusi.in ir tiie course of the retreat, but the Uritish Iro.ijis .'.iii.liicted themselv.'s with most a.lmirable c.iurage. The H.iers, taking advantage of the condition of the Itritiiih column, surpriBP the a jj;rt'iit('r mis- lu'iiiy wiis tlu» I'ct <»f a Hfjlit, ction that the L(h' awake aiitl of itH (h'Stiua- suihhMi call of p Rritmh front 1 the advaiut', siHt'dily joiiH'd 18 also covered MUppost'd. The iiilc away, two I'in^r thf ti'oo])s I a di'tachiiicnt jjetliiif; on the (H seen niovin;^ ortiiinnbci'land 1 niacliinc ff\n\>i tcrrihlc fire, in killed and •isoncrH. PImmI, collected ir nine niilcH in he field battery Kinall {n*')"!"* >i''- e r(dnnin when the retreat, but lirahle courage. Brititih column, AnUSEMENTS IN CAMP.— The Kaffir helpers uronnd the British camps are a continual source of amusement to "Tommy Atkins," particularly thoae ^h" have never Men stationed in Africa. After lUc Usuitl un,iii;n({ paiaucsauj camp duties arc over, liie ioiij;. dreary days are nven over 'to games and other amusements The photograph shows a nutnber of the camp Kaflirs performing in front of the tents, giving an iraitHtion of a war dance, which ia always a matter of great enthusiasm with them. In place of shields and assegais, they use hiiig sticks for tlie occnsion, their shouts and cries Iieing weird, while the gesticulations and fantastic twirling of their bodies are moat grotesque. One of the peculiarities of the natives is the manner in which they endure the terrific heat of the sun, being bareheaded all the time and absolutely with no kind of protection from the fierce rays. Besides the war dance, the natives indulge in foot-races and sham battles, the latter becoming so fierce at limes that "Tommy Atkins'^ finds it necessary to rush in between the opponent* to prevent serious injury being done the excited men. .aua i i i fuujAj SSS SS8SSKZSB Ml V 5 i'sissS 11 GENERAL GAT ACRE'S FRIGHTFUL SURPRISE AND DEFEAT. 153 •11 I B i ril brought their guns on the tops of tlie kopjes and followed the retreating troops on the road below for miles, sending shell after shell down into the valley. Oeueral (lutacre's first report of the battle, dated the 10th inst., was contained in a few words, and was as folhiws: "l)eei)l,v regret to inform j'ou that I have met with serious reveree in attack this morning on Htormberg. "I was misled to t'nemy's position by guide, and found impracticable ground. "OATACBE." He reportwl ns his casualties, two killed, twenty-nine wounded and 605 missing. These were all augmented by htter reports, which showjtl that the Boers had ••apturtMl *''2 i)risoners. The Boer casualties were comparatively small, ns th - ' ■ re intrench«>d and took the British com- pletely by surprise. (ieueral (latacre's hvtwna report, dated December 11, was more explicit. It was sent to med to ])romise certain success, but the distance was underestimated by myself and the local guides. A isdicemnn took us around some miles and consequently we were marching from 9:30 p. m. till 4 a. m. and were landed in an inii>o8sible position. I do not consider the error intentional. "The Boers commenced tiring from the top of an unscalable hWI and wounded a good many of our men whil<> in the o|M'n |dain. The Second Northnmherlands tried to turn out the enemy, but failed. The Recoiid Irish Fusiliers seized a kopje near and held on, supported by the mounte«l infantry and Cape p«dice. "The gtins under .Teffray could not have bwn better handled. But I regret to say (hat one gun was overturned In a deep nullah and another sank in (piicksand. Neither could be extricated in the time available. "Seeing the situation, I sent a dispatch rider to Molteno with the news. I collected and withdrew our forces from ridge to ridge for about nine mih's. The Boers' guns were remarkably well served. They car- ried accurately 5,000 yards. "I am holding Bushnmn's Hock and Cyphergat. Am sending (he Irish Rifles and Northumberlands to Sterksstrom to recuperate. The wounded proceed to (jueenstown. The missing Northumberlands num- ber 366, not 306, as previously reported." President Kruger caused the following dispatch to be sent out from Pretoria on the night of December 10: "Pr»>toria, Sunday, December 10, 1899. "President Steyn has sent the following details of the fight at Stormberg Junction: " 'The British, with six caunon.attack.-d the Boers under Swanepoel and Olivier and stormwl the Boers' entrenched jxisitions on the koi)ji's. After a severe flght they were compelled to surrender. "'The prisoners are Major Sttirgis, six officers and 230 uoucoin- missioned officers and men of the Northumberlands, and (wo officers and about 250 non-commissi(med officers and men of (he Irish Fusiliers. " 'It is impossible to state the number of dead or wounded British. The Boers captured thri'e cannon and two ammunition wagons.' " Later it developed that but ffu' (he magnificent work of (lie Bridsh artillery the disaster would have been far more extensive, as (he inces- sant Boer shell fire in the midst of the rejiuised infantry uKlmately led to difDitler, which only escaped developing into a nmt through the bat- teries of artillen- occupying successive positicms, covering the retreat, thus drawing a portitm of the Boers' galling fire. The .British were set an impossible task and most treacherously guided. After a trying march and being under arms sixteen houi-s they attacked the wrong part of the Boer position, where tlu' hill was '\\n- pregnable, and the burghers, who numbered (i,000 men instead of 2,500, as the spies had rei)ortetl, had nothing to do but to shoot tlie scddiers of the attacking army down as they stotsl in close order uniii)le to help themselves or definitely hn-ate their foes. On December 12, Oeneral Oatacre fell back to Sdrksstroin to allow his troops to i-est and recuperate. His defeat was the most serious the British had sustained up to that date in the campaign, and was entirely unexiM'cted. Its effect was to increase the disloyalty of the Tape Colony Dutch and to dampen the spiiits of the British at home. 'tt 154 GENF.RAL GATACRE'S FRIGHTFUL SURPRISE AND DEFEAT. Mudi had boon oxpootod of Oonornl Oatacre, ns he was a sohlicr itf l>rov(' (Iwdration of thi' Distiiifiuishi'd (Service Order. He fought bravel.v in tlie Woudan, and had previously evineitl great ability in handling large bodies of men. At the time of the Storniberg battle, he was flfty-six years old, but young-looking for that age. Wis first regiment was the (Seventy-seventh foot, eommonly known as the "Die-IIurds." He sjH'nt some years in India previous to the Hurmah campaign, and then retunuil to Kngland to receive his promotion to the office of a maj()r-general at Aldershol. His chief characteristic was tremendous energy, and although he made great calls on those he commanded he never spariMl himself. He made a record ride in India under adverse circumstances, and his ad- vance in the <1iitral cnmiMiign contributwl much to its success. TIutj'- fore, the fact that he should have bwu so terribly defeatein on the 1st of April, litOtl, when Colonel Broadwood. of ihe Twelfth I^iK-en.. was ambushed and lost seven guns and 350 men, 150 of whom were killed and wo\inded, the Boers compelling the others to surrender. The snare was so well laid, the British never suspected it. but none n on the Ijimcei-h, lom were urrender. , ' •f :-::% _ ■■ilHllii iiii i Mi In ^^ i^piMI Pi > SS^lSsi SLl pMMM^'^'' ■ v-**^ iMliiiiiM1WMM8?^'. ■ :-lW^' ' ^^.i ">'^W»»Sf |^^HBBi||9M[fflpii^inp^^^^« ^ipnnmipwn m^ m*«'-* ■'i fUt." «v«f- -■■.«5--r' -•■■"t v' ^> ;'v, . ♦ ' i. • -■ n v.; ~ s . . ■ - 'I _.v»°-*».'" ■ft ■ ■.'•.■.:•-"'* ,^-'' ^ ' DB AAR,— Tl' A is a little station situated aouth of Kimberley on the Rimberley line railway. The principal buildinffit are the railway station and the hotel, both of which are well l>uilt iid of imposing appenrance considering the location and surroundings. The illustration is valuable in that it conveys a good idea of the vaatnessof Soutii African ianiiscapes. '* Kopjes,'' or hiiiucks, and rocics are shown in tne foreground, 'these are found everywhere, and afford s'lelter to the Boers while in battle. Then there is the broad plane or " veldt," which in many places is very fertile. In the tiackground is a chain of mountains of the kind unong which the Boers have established their strongest fortifications, from which they hght desperately and with telling emsct. ALL THAT WAS LEFT OF THEM: — This is a mtiable scene. It retjresents the Hisblsdd Brignde reforming afi^r the Unt Attack In the battle of Mufferttfontein. This battle was foughtDecember II, ISW, and was the hottest battle that had so far been fought in tbe'Soutb-African war. The Highland Brigade led in the attack early in the morning and continued fighting throughout the day. The Boers were strongly entrenched alonK a line six miles in length, and while they suffered heavily they inflicted severe punishment on the Bntiah. The Highland Brigade alone lost 650 men in killed and wounded, of which number ten officers were killed, thirty-eight wounded and four were reported missing or captured by the Bocri. It was in this battle that the gallant Andrew G. Waucbope was killed while leading the attack of the Highland Brigade. Ma iiifT croi uoii trn] tine ( I III the t'usi ueu ank tlrn p08 CIIAPTEU XIV. MAHKACRK OF TIIK ilKlllLANl) HHKIADK AT MA(iEI{8F()N- TEIX, WHERE U)I{I) METIHEN'H ADVANCE WAH t'llECKEI). MMEUIATELY followiiifj (J»'iicr;il (iattun'V iH'pulHc — ill fact, the very ucxt da.v, nccoiiibcr 11 — tlic world was elect rifU-d by the news of tlie defeat of ^"^ Ivfti'd Metliiieii at Maf^ei-sfonicin, jiiBt north of the Modth'i- River, and the aInioHt total annihilation of the Highland lKinient alone iosinj{ IW.'t men. The .Manpils of Windiestei, Major at the Second <"(ddstreains, was aiso hilled. The Highland Itri^iade was misled while niarchlnjj; in the dark diir- inji a drenchinK rain and suddenly exposed to a destructive entiladin^ cross tire. As at Stormberfj, the Hoers' position had not been i»roperly recon- noitered, and the Ili};hlanders were entansb'd by barbed wire and en- trni)ped while niarchin;;- in close order. The battle opened with a disastrous repulse, and while there was tine artillery jiractice afterward on the j)art of the Itritish and tlic^ tSuards' Hripule checked a tiank attack by the Hoers, the blunders at the outset could not be retrieved. It was Storniberi; over a<{ain, with the exception that the Ent^lish casualties were fj^reater. (Jeneral Wauchope, who led the Highland Hripide, was found dead near the Hoer trenches, his body literally covered with wounds. Lord Methuen, havinjj; a force of 11,000 men, the reinforcemeuts nnkf'd f<.r havtiifj nrrived, dccidi".! tss atiack (Jeneva! (Vonj!!, who w.'is flrnily entrenched. The latter hud improved the time by making his position ubs(dutely secure, and in the battle which followed he was 167 aided by the fact that the Hritisli were led into another trap and made their attack at the wron^; point. On Sunday, I)ecend)er 10, the kopjes occupied by the Hoers were shelled by the Naval Hriifade and all of the regular artillery attachj-d to Methuen's column, to which the Hoers made but a feeble rei)ly. At midnight, therefore. Lord Methuen decided upon a surprise attack and sent (ieneral Wauchope with his Highlanders to move on (Jeneral Cronje's position, the Scotch contingent consisting of the First Highland Light Infantry, the First Argyll and Sutherlantl Highlanders, the Sec(md Seaforths, and the Royal Highlanders or "Hiack Watch." They were leo by guides through the night, the darkness of which was intensified by a heavy rainfall. .\t ;}:20 ('clock, on the morning of the 11th, while still in quarter c(dunin, they ran into an ambuscade and encountered terrific Ure from trenches at the base of the kopjes in occupation of the Hoers. Although not yet daylight, tiie burghers' volley did such tremendous execution at a range of three Iiuudrers were in such dose i)roxiniity, searchlights were suddenly turned upon them, the bright rays completidy blinding tlu' men and rendering them incapable of doing anything whatever. The brigade suffered a heavy loss, and the Royal llighlandeis in particular met with terrible punishment, only KiO uumi being mustereil on re-forming the battalion. Some companies were practically wijied out. Nothing more could be done until the rest of the main body had ronie up. Then, at daylight, the P.ritisih artillerj, tuiirtirfiing of thirty- one guns, began a bombardment which lasteil throughout the day. the howitzers, as before, using heavy lyddite shells. KSsrrr — swwr- 168 M.4SS.ICRE OF THE HIGHLAND RRIGADR. m Til-.' Itocrs made no serious nttcinpt to rcpl.v willi their };niis, but tlit'ir ritli' tire wiis so iicrsislt'iit, roiicciit rated and well directed that it wasabsolutel.v ini|M(ssible for the Hritish infantry to lal;e the [tosition by assault. In till' conrse of the forenoon the (iordon Highlanders were sent to the front b,v I-ord Methiien and advaneed with the utmost pillantry to attack the Itoer center, close to where lay tlu'ir dead and wonnded comrades of the Highland Itrijijfade. The Hoers were, liowever, so well inti'cncheil that it was found i)hysically iinitossible to carry the position, and they were also compelled to retire. Allo!;etlier, the I1y:litin}; at Ma^ersfontein was of the most desper- ate nature, but what dispirited the Itritish more than anythin;; else was that they could not see the enemy. Not more than one hundred Itoers were visible all dnrin;: the contlict, even when dayli}jht came, while all around the Kn^lish troops were falling in rows. They could noi even tell where the Hoer lire came from until late in the tlay. The llif;li- landers did all that the most pillant troops in the world could do, but it was im|>ossible to face the terrible fire of the Koers, which was miraculously accurate. The Hritish artillei'y a};ain save shelling from the adjoiniu}; ridges, they ('ncount('red and cut u]) a sti-onir Hoer picket jiosted on a hill for ])urposes ()f obsen'ation. All the iuenibers of the picket were either killed, wounded or taken pris- oners. The Hoers foufjlit throufihout with the utmost frallantry, and their sliarp-shoott rs seldom missrman ap|M'arance, faultlessly dress<'d, with jxtlislied top boots, a shirt with silk rultles nnd a cigar in his month, walkinf^ among the ant hills, picking off the Hritish. He was ipiite alone, and it was apparent fnun the tre(|uent use he made of field glas.ses that he was singling on! olllcers. A wounded Ifoer, who was taken jtrisoner, said that a lyddite shell from a Hritish gun, tired on Sunday, fell in the middle Of an open air i»rayer meeting held to strong, uiuler tJeneral Wauchope, should get close enough to the lines of the foe to make it jiossible to charge the heights. At midnight the gallant (ieneral moved cautiously through the dark- ness toward the kopje where the Hoers were most strongly intrenched. They were led by a guide, wlu) was siipposed to know every inch of the country, out into the darkness of an African wight. The Hrigade marched in line of <|uarter column, each man step- ping cautiously and slowly, for they knew that any sound meant death. I']v«'ry order was ;;lven in a hoarse whisi)er, and in whispers it was passed along the ranks from man to man. Nothing was heard as they moved toward the gloomy, steel-fi>onti--< >h'" vt-re ~»ope' :>'i Cronii- at I'aardeberg rAKt;*> cLL lO iVlANiTOBA DETACHMENT.— The uieu wht» nirined ti^t: detachment from Manitoba for the Canadian contingent for service in the South African war met at Winnipeg and started from there for Quebec, the place of euiburkation, while their British Columbia comrades of the Manitoba and British Columbia detachment met at Vancouver, whence they went to the port of embarkation. The illustration por*' ays vividly one of the scenes of the day on which the Manitoba detachment left Winnipeg for the front, and is onje, as reported to the Lon. t ■,...' ...■ ..~f s; "T \ '■/f; •■:"^ ■ . '.■■■'■, - : '■- . - y j.P''^^^^^^ ' BRITISH COLUMBIA DETACHMENT LE AVINQ VANCOUVER. -In raising the thousand men to form tlie Canadian contingent for the South African war, British Col- unibia and Manitoba as one niiUtary district were assij^iied the privilege of raising one company. This was Company A. The British Columbia half of the company assembled at Vancouver. The illustration is of the scene at the time the British Columbia detachment of Company A boarded the train at Vancouver on their way to Quebec to join the Canadian contingent for embarkation. The day the detachment left Vancouver a pouring rain was falling, but the enthusiasm which prevailed in tlie town was so great that vast crowda assembled at the station to bid the men of the detachment good-bye ""W good luck. The train departed amid checr.i and good wishes. * II n? UKUTENANT FBKD C. J0NK8. LIKUTENANT C. W. WKUJON KcLEAN. «nt alarge contingent to Vh^Yront, amUhtrTwa, no Uckh.'ko^ ii:- CANADA'S ROLL OF HONOR. 249 HarriHon, l!^uthci'land, Proulx, Roy, Thcriault, Kagot, WU'bt'i't, Mathi'soii, \VuHtlt'lI ami Diinahiic, late of the Sixlli t'nitcd States Infantry. Ottawa— I'rivatcN MacDoiiald., Ilollaud, Croft, Liviii, Brady, ThoinaH, Hpraj^uc, <" ritles of the burghers without flinching or stop))ing for a moment. Heing in front the Canadians took the worst of the continued volleys, but before t ; had their revenge the white flag was hoisted. (teneral Cronje said a'terwards that he appreciated the hopeless- ness of endeavoring to check such an impetuous advance as that of the Canadians. This tribute j)aid to the gallant-y of the Dominhm Contingent by such a tried warrior as tin- greatest of the Hoer commanders, coupled with the praiwe bestowed by Field Marshal Roberts, the greatest of Hritish leadeis, has gone around the world, and has been the means of elevating th(^ Canadian soldi«'r to the jilane he is so well worthy of occupying. The dispatch from tiueen Victoria, expressing her gratitude and admiration for the heroism of her Canadian troops at Paardeberg, was not the only one s(>ut by Her Majesty. I'poii the departure of the. Third section of the Second Canadian Contingent from Halifax for South Africa, the tioveruor-Oeneral of Canada, Lord Minto, received the following cablegram from lion. .To.seph Chamberlain, Secretary of State foi the Coloni»'s, date; the ('iiiiaillaii ("oil- liaticnl at ModdtT Kivcr, cxprcssliij" tiu' {{ratinidf of (lie (^i n's cable was received with deafenin;; cheers. The heavy losses the Canadians sulTered were almost f(U'p)t(eii in (he }ieiieral Joy over (he record (he (roops had iiiaile fxir (heir coniKry in beinn; in (he principal tifjhdn}; preceding the capture of (ieneral Cronje. In the Lejtislatuie at (»((awa on (he af(eriioon of the 27th lion. tieor-re \V. lloss, Premier of (tnlario. and .1. \V. Whitney, leader of (he opposKioii, referred (o (he losses the Canadians ha wajt Ixun a( CIin(on, OiKarioj in lS4:i, and commenced his niilKary service in IS(il at Toronto. In l.«(!4 he was a licn(enan( of the Queen's Kitles. Then he be.'anie adjiKant of (he cominanded his baltalion durin<; the "pilf,'rima};e riol.s" in Toronio, (heC.rand Trunk Railway rio(sa( Helleville, and (heceiKerof (he l{a(tleford column in the Kiel rebellion of 1SS4-,"). lie was in command a;tainsl (he Indian chief, I'oundmaker, and fou-iht him at Cut Knife Creek. The year 1S!M1 fmiml him an inspector (if infantry, (hen seven niondis' service wi(li (he Imperial army, and tinally <|ualitica(ioii f,0()0 strong, but it was not permanently attached to the colors. The third section of the Canadian army consists of the entire male population between the ages of 18 and (iO, the constitution of the Dominion permitting a general call to arms if required for the defense of the country. The Canadian militia forces at the breaking out of the war included thirteen batteries of garrison artillery and seventeen field batteries. There were also two companies of engineers and thirty-eight squadrons of cavalry. Major-General E. T. Flutton was the commander of the militia when the war broke out, but was shortly afterwards ordered to South Africa by the Imperial War Office. Whdn appointed to the command of the 258 militia of the Dominion in IH!)7 he was colonel in the British army and an aid-de-camp to the (Jueen. Previous to his taking command of the forces in the Dominion, (Jeneral lihtton was best known in connection with the Mounted Cavalry, and had been employed as commander of the military forces in New South Wales, where he was instrumental in bringing forward the (piestion of Australian federation. For this ser- vice the Ciovernment of New South Wales gave him a vote of thanks, and in consideration of the work he did in that colony he was appointed honoiary colonel of the Mounted Bitles. Ills rank of major general was conf( rred ni)on him. when he went to Canada. When the First Canadian Contingent was ready to sail, which was within ten days after notification from the Imi)erial War Offlc(> that it would be acceptent her thanks from Windsor, and on October 27, 1S{)!>, T»rd Minto, governor genera! of Canada, sent this reply to the cablegram from Josepli Chamberlain conveying ller Majesty's thanks to Canada for its manifestations of loyalty and patriot- ism in sending trooi>8 to assist Great Britain in the Transvaal: "Ottawa, October 27, 1900. "The people of Ciinada have received with sincere gratification the message from Her Majesty the Queen, conveying her thanks for Canada's contribution to the British forces now en route to South Africa. The good wishes expressed by the Sovereign for her Canadian troops will inspire them with (h-ep sentiments of loyalty and patriotism and with a determination to sustain the reputation that Canadian volunteers have earned in the past history of this part of the Empire." The Militia Department in recruiting this contingent had to con- sider the feelings of the different provinces, each of which would will- ingly have supplied the whole number required. In consequence, each •/■///:■ nOMIMO.VS rKOMri KI-SI'OXSE TO Tllli C.ll.l. lOK TKOOPS. I iiiilitarv (listrict was oidcivil I., rocniil mid supply its >iu(,(ii, )in plivsiiiui' of till' iiii'ii, ami « lio saiil lio liail wiltti'ii to Sir Ifnlvcis HiiIIit tliat Canaila "liail s.-iit him of Iut b.-st." AfiiT the roMtiiiKriii bail bmi ivvii-wcil anil ailihrssiil b.v ilii> (iovi.|iioi-( Jnicral, Lord Minto— wbi. aiiioii}; otliiT iliin;;s said lliat "Siiivl.v wv bavi- lliis ila.v opcm'd a new • liaptcr ill till' liistorv of our Kiiipiiv"- -tli,. tlioiisaiid "tnmps iiiar<-li0 pi'o])!.., will) iii.wili.il till' wliaivi's, Willis, the tcmui-, and ovItv avaib'ibli. sjiot. Till' iontin>;»'nt aiiivcd at Cape Town on tlii' 2!»tli of NovcnibiT, tli.- Sardinian liavin^^ niaib' an iiiii'vi'iitful voya};i., and tin. troops w.-iv r,.- icivi'd with tbi. };ri.ati.st I'litlmsiasni. Tin- im-n wcr.. si.|it a( i.n«<. to the division I'oinniandi'd by (i ral !,ord Mcfhncn, anil about the 1st of Dcicinbi'r iiiovid from tlii. Moddor K'ivi'r, with thr llorsi. Artilb-rv, Ihi' Australian innlin^ii'iit and tliri'i. ri.};ular infantry ri.t;iiui.nts to tin'. I>|. Aoarand I{|.|nioni lini.. Tlii.y wi'i-i- f^ivi-n ait ivi. I'mploymi-nt of all sorts —stiff work lik.' buildiii}; sidings, I'li'itiiifi platforms and other duties iniident to routine serviie— and showed themselves zealous in every- thing they were ordered to do. There was tiKlitiiii; ahead, and thi'y hungered and thirsted for it, loiitentinK tliemselves as best they loulil until the tiiiie lanie to have it out with the enemy. This i.reliniinary work was },'oik1 exeiiise for them, and they continued in most excellent health. The C'anailians, in eonne.tion with the Australians, had, in the latter part of December, the honor of strikint; the first blow on the west- ern frontier since the battle of MaKersfoiitein, when tli,.v eaptiircHl the towns of Sunnyside and Dou-lass, constituting a tlyinjr column umler Colonel Pilcher, and liberated a number of loyali.^t refufjees. After that the flyinst I'olumn returned toward neImout,"actinj,' !>.« an escort for the refugees. The immediate re.siilt of Colonel IMIcher's success w«a the entire dispersal of the IJoerH who hiid been RoverninR the counlrv for li.e pre- vious six weeks. Several bodies of Koet-M were encountered bv the column, but the Torontos, abnie and unaided, dispersed maiit of ihe,,,. hi other in- stances, they acted in conjunction with the Aiislraliaiis. A report of the ocnpalion of SnnnyHlde and Douglass, sent oiii on January ;{, l!»(ll», said: "After Sunnyside was captured the Torontos occupied the laager for the night and joined the main body the following morning, brin-in- the whole of the Hoer tents, wagons and loot, and leaving the Cornwalls Ml garrison at Sunnyside. The Hritish force then started for lass the Torontos bringing up the rear in wagons. In the afternoon the troops enti.red the town unopposed and amid extraoidinarv scenes "The inhabitants were ovi-rjoyed and crow 1 about ihe soldiers shaking hamls with them, and when they learned that their il,.|iverers were Canadians and Australians the enthusiasm became frenzied There were deafening cheers as the troops traversed the main street' mill It was almost impossible for them to make priigri..s.s, the crowds being so eager to shake hands with the colonials. "It appears that the landdrost and all the mounted rebels .'vaciiated the place on the previous night. The unmounted rebels are reported to '• •'■•'"'■'' ' <•'«' vicinity. (iuantili..s of ammunition were canture.l and destroyed. "The Canadians acted as an escort for the refugees, siiigin-r as tliev marched, and carrying babies in t heir arms. The account of t he marcii to Dover farms reads like a iday revel rather than serious warfare but the whole effect of this demonstration of imperial gallantry ami loyalty is inspiring. "Many prisoners were taken at Sunnyside, Uiese being ilisatTected Hritish subjects, who wi-re not treated as prisoners of war but subjects of the (ineen caught in open rebellion." Cidonel IMIcher's raid was not an isolated luoveaient from Relmont but, as given out from the Imperial War Oftice in London on January J, was supported by a preconcerted reconnoissance by a nioiiiit,.il force from Moihler Kiver. conducted by (Jeneral Babington.' Colonel IMIcher's flying column was .ouslanlly iu touch with Ueneral Afi'thuen's cavalry At the Modder Hiver camp, where (}, neral Lord Methuen had head^ •luarters, the conduct of th.' ,• niafs was greatly admired, while the fill' tiM' pre- mil, liiil (lie n otlicr in- Hcnt (lilt on tile liiiiKcr i;;, liiiiiH:iiiH; ' <'orii\vall,s I' l>llll ■ SCI'IICS. Ill' widdicrs, r (li'livtTcrs «' fi'tiizicil. mill sti'cci, I III' (TowUh 1 1'Viiciiati'd I'I'lldl'Icd tn »' ciiptiiii'd iiit; as ilicy (lie iiiandi IK warfare, laiitry and li.safTcclcd It Niihjccts I Ht'liiKint, II •January iitcd foirt' I I'ilclK.r'H 'h cavalry, had head- while th(! CANADIAN ARTILLERY ENTRAIMNQ AT OTTAWA. From C«iuuU'« Snows to Alrlc't Sunoy Fountaliu. I'ruMi Greenland's icv mou'ilaina Froni ineny 9.ti «ncl?nt riv^ri I'rom India's coral strand, From many a palmy plain, Where Afric's sunny fountains They call us to deliver Roll down their golden sand; Their land from error's chaiq. JW •«-• tis tr%-^ I"^,^ '/: •■|»f ('uimillaim and AuHtrallanM. (Irapliic arcounlH wcr*- |inbliHli. Tt)riiiit/, 1SM^M.*>, fur wliirli honiN Kiel HulTcrcd death, that ranadiai li" |im liad '■ en under lire. In Toronto tlie IntereNt wuh greater becaut ' hu- iiiaj<>i ,v of tlie eoinpan.v eiij;aK«'> T,,,o|,t,,. Many of the privateH were hoiih of weaitli,v fanner^:. k:..ierM HerviiiK in llie raiiiiN had held coniniiHHioiiM, whieli they reHi)riied to have a cliaiiee of '.'ettiu^ to the front. The following eablenrain waH received on January .'I, liMMt, by Ooveruor Oeueral Minto, at Ottawa, from Jtmepli Clianilieiiian, Secre- tary (if Htate for tlie ColonieH; "London, .Ian. W, UtOO.— I congratulate you on nallant behavior of the contingent in enpifjeiiieiit at Hiiniiyside." IVo conipuni<>H of CanadiaiiH were deMpatched from lU'lniont to cover the return of t'olonel IMIcherV coluiiiu, and occupied a paHH nix iiiileM out from the town to prevent any attempt of the lloers to cut off tlie force. The Domiuion was apiin roiiHed to enthiiMiasm when word wuh reci'ived from the Imperial War Otilce at London tliat the olTcr of a Hecond Canadian contingent had been accepted. Minister of Militia Horden announced in the Parliament at Ottawa that tliiH contingent would have u Htrength of 1,(144 men, conipri«iiin tliree H(iuadronH of mounted rifles, numbering in all Ml, to he taken from the Ncntliwetit mounted police and the other lialf recruited from the different cavalry corpHof the Dominion; and three Held battericH, selected from the differ- ent batteries in Canada, 5L3 offlcers and men. A cable despatch received from Secretary Chamberlain said that the officers need not be members of regularly drilled forces, but muHt be good shots and rough riders. When the first contingent was liciiig formed liundreds of Northwest mouateii ptjlke and caTa!ry!ri?n n?re H--xi.->up t'> vidnr-tt^^r for ^orvicp, but the troops were then restricted to foot soldiiTH. The second force was mainly mounted, and was as fine a body of men ai ever went to war, for the jsilice iMissessed every (|uulillration for llie style of warfare prosecuted liy the Hoers. The second Caiiadiaii niiitingcnt for Hoiitli .\frica sailed from Halifax In three sectit i:k, tlie lirst, consisting of tli<> artillery, leaving on till- steamer Uii.renlian on .laiiiiary I'l, tIMMl, .Major lliirdiiiaii in cliurge. At Cape Town Colonel Charles Willlaiu Dniry look coiiiiiiaiid. .V large number of peojile from different set iIoih of the maritime prov- inces were (in hand to se(> tlu soldiers depart, the railroads having alloW(Hl excursion fares for the occasion. The scene along the streets as the soldiers marched to the docl^yani was one of great eiithusiasiii. Thousands assembled along the roiit(> of nian li ami gave the men a tiiiuiiltuo'is ileiiionstratioii. The crowds cheered almost constantly and waved Hags and hiiKdkerchiefs. Hefore the lutilleryincn left their armory lliey were aduressinl by I Ion. Frederick K. H(M(len, Minister of .Militia and hefenseiii the Ottawa cabinet; Oeneral lliitton, commander-in-cliier of llie military, and Hir M. K. I>aly, Ooveruor of Nova Hcotia. The artillerymen arrived at Cape Town on I'^ebruary 17, and were welcomed by Major -lohn llanbiiryWilliams, Military Secretary to tlie Ooveruor of Cape Colony, and the Itrilish High Coiniiiissioner in South .\frica, Sir Alfred Miluei, on behalf of His Kxitlieiicy. ColoiK-l Drury conimenced Ids military career in the New Rruiis- wlck Oairison .Vrtillery, January 2, 1H74; later, while attached to ".V" Knttery in (Quebec, he was piaceil in charge of .Meteorological Works; in lS8iJ he was appointed A. 1>. C. to the OoveriitU'tieneral of Canada, the Mar()uis of Lome, and had served the Karl of Aberdeen and Lord Minto in the same capacity. Hedistiuguisheil himself during the North- west rebellion in 188.5. .lust after the outbreak of the British-Hoer war he was sent on special service at the Cape. Tlu» second section of tlie Second Contingent, comprising the North- west mounted men, or Prairie I{ang(>rs, under command of Major Williams, sailed fr(un Halifax a few days lat<>r. Many of the men were of independent means, one being a millionaire, and yet he went as a private. There was much blu(> blood aiiioiig the mounted prdice volun- teers — sons of English aristocracy, who joined the force purely for love of advciitUrt-. PtdifrlUari IlaFcOUrt, for iiistaiitt-, WilS A riiiii of !3ir WilHum Vernon Harcourt, former Liberal leader in the Rritish House of Commons. i>58 THE DOMIXIOXS PROMPT RRSPOXSE TO THE CALL FOR TROOPS. I'll' II were rcln.irkablc fur (heir siilciidiil idnsiiinc anil liorsc- iii;iiisliii> iinil all wvw expert iiiarksiiicii, the nccessarv ;reat, iM)werful nations of Fraiue, Kusida and tiernmny is a )|ueNtiiin that will lUidiably never be answered. --^!: rapnn nn boiny; • weight of itH 1 Aiiicrica jiiid Friiiico, |{iiMiiia iinswi'ivd. i. STALWART OROOP. EMBARKATION OF SECOND CANADIAN CGNTINOENT. * ■it- 1 •^.. ^.-l" m* - ^ .mm WlNNIPtU DIVISION. THE PICK OF IIBITISn COLUHBU. SECOND CANADIAN CONriNQENT.— Tl 7 Canailiaus liavc I)e«ii excMiliiiBly enthusiastic ami patriotic in tlieir attitu>1e toward Crreat Britain in the lutter's war in South Africa. Wlien it was learneil tliat a continKiiit of one tliousand men would be accepted from Canada for service in Soutli Africa, tlie interest was so great througli- out the Province* that this nunil)er and more could easily liave Iwen raised in any one of tliem, and eacli Province wouhl have been glail to have furnished the full quota. The first contiuBent was a splendid body of fightine men, and they have won laurels on several battlefields. A second contingent was raised, but for some time there was a question whether this contingent would be ueeded. The illustrations given here ore uf end in connection with the Second Canadian Contingent, for which the very best of Ccnmd*'* men were accepted. fl ^i sg" l^g-a rs m] ! S S; 3,2 i 1^5 rf c ^ o » = CHAPTER XXVII. Sir TFIOAXT DP:M0NSTRATI0XS of CANADIAN LOYALTY TO THE EMIMKE AND (iKEEX— STHEXCiTII OF THE DOMINION'S OI!renticed to the sea, but after a short but adventurouh career on the ocean, the tiiiijjit»i(jr iif t"i*i!i't iiiUK (if Iwjrder life iuduceil the vttistlt in ijust the sea and he became one of the earliest recruits of the frontier force. Upon the outbreak of the great Indian rebellion he v/aa given a separate 261 (■(Uhnuind, and as the leader of Steele's scouts performed yeoman's service. After the rebellion Colonel Steele occupied many difficult posts, and his skill and diplomacy in dealing with Indians and others were beyond all praise. Tliis caused him to be chosen above all others for the ditticult task of maintaining' order in the Yukon District of the North- west. The magnitude of tluit task may be in part ajiiireciated when it is recognized that at one time there were assemliled in Dawson City no less than 28,000 men. Like to every other new mining camp they numbered amongst them the scum of the earth, including 24(i known murderers. The fact that under his regime crimes of violence were con- si)icuous by their absence spoke volumes for his administrative ability; and that he was three thousand miles from his base with but seventy troopers was but additional evidence of the value of the Canadian Mounted IVdice. In recognition of the fact that mounted infantry must form a most important part of the armies of the future, the attention of (Ireat Britain, has been directed toward Western Canadi.i, a country of siii li ningnifl- cent distances that everybody living there must ride, whil'- iire so cheap, owing to the abundance of free i)asture and the siiiii nf raising grain and jMittiug up hay, that the poorest farmer i.^ ily owns a saddle-horse. Then the abundance of game and the privilege of shooting it anywhere and everywhere bring it about that every settler possesses a gun (in' most cases a Winchester) and knows how to use it jw.nerly. It developed during the British-Roer war that the Canadian soldier was about the handiest man in the service of the Empire; also, that I'(i •2W2 SICMI^IC.IM Dli.MOXSTR.lTlOXS Ol' C.tX.lPl.lX LOVALIY. m 14 . p •: Western Ciiiinda was the best reeruiliu}; criiiind Ku^laiul possessed for imiiiuted iiifaiitiv. It can be saitl witlioiit fear of cDiitradiction, tliat evei'v abli'-biidied settle!' ill Weste: .1 Ciiiiada is just as capable a fighter on tlie defensive as tlie lioer, and as good in offensive o])ei'utiody lives any length of time in that couiiiry without learning to chop firewood, cook a meal, groom a horse, hitch up a team, and perform all other necessarv "chores" or odd job.s about a farm or ranch. The horses of Western ("anada are among the best in the world foi- st reiigt I. and I'liduraiice. The ICiiglish thoroughbred, wlm is the corner- stone of r.ritish su|U'eiiiacy in horse breeding, is the produit of a century of scieiitiiic breeding on strictly comiiion-seiise lines. Kngland has not iiuKle the mistake of cultivating mere racing machines as the trotter and the iiacer; a mistake which has had most serious coiise(|uences in some other countries. On the Alberta ranges the stock-raisers bring their stallions from Kastern Canada, where horse-breeding is as well under- stood as In the .Mother-country. And the >\'eHterii settler knows that a little Knglish blood means greater stamina, greater adaptability to circiiiiistames, less vice, and more "horse-sense." Wlicii recruiting began in the l>ominion for the Canadian Mounted Kifles, jiractically the whole of the Northwest .Mounted I'olice and eighteen hundred others voiunfeered and underwent a very stringent medical exiimination, l,ess than S per cent of these candidates were rejected on the score of |)liysical unfitness! Again, when the call came for viduiileeis for Slralhcoua's Horse nearly twi thousand offered, and of those Ic^s than 10 per cent failed to jiass the doctor, albeit the loss of a single front tooth in one case was made the excuse for rejecting a cnndiilale. On both occasions very short notice was given, and it was inipo'.isilili' for many range-riders and dwellers in the out-lying settle- ments to send in their names in time. Moreover, married men wer«» debarred froiu volunteering, and nearly all with n Htnke in the eoiiiitry abstained from doing so; for it was felt that the Kuipire was not in danger, the result of the war being a foregone conclnsiou. However, had any Kiiropeau Power consented to help the Hoers, the wliide of Western Canada woiilJ have risen in defence of the Empire. llow great a force of mounted men could be rtiiHed in Western Canada is a ipiestion often asked. Figures at hanil show that the North- west .Mounted Police has an ellicient strength of Til) otticers and men. Then thei't- are at least 2,IHMI settlers, who have served the minimuin term of live years in the Northwest Mounted I'oliie; liirtheriiiore, there are at least 2,.">II0 settlers who have served in an liii|)(>rial regiment or ill the Canadian Militia; lastly, there are nearly 2t),(H)U settlers with- out military experience of any kind, who are able-bodied, able-minded, are betweeii'tli(> ages of twenty-one and forty-five, and who can ride and shoot. Not more than a month's drill would be necessary to jiiit the latter class into shaiie, for tlie Western Canad-aii land his horse as wtdl) is amazingly ipiick. It is understood that the Canadian Militia Department has been considering the (piestion of organi/iiig the great latent strength of the Dominion, the main features of the scheme being as fidlows: 1. The Northwest Mounted Police to be under the confnil of the .Minister of Militia instead of the Minister of the Int(>rior. 2, Men who have served in the Nortliwesi Mounted Pidice, and all others now serving with the Canadian .Mounted Uitles and Stratii- coiia's Horse, to form a reserve. .'{. The existing Kille .\ssociations, etc. (of which there are about thirty in NN'esterii Canada with at least two tliousnnd members in all) to receive a full measure of siip|iort from the l>ominion and Provincial (iovernmeiils. The Lee-.Metf4ir(l (or sonic other ajiproved weapon) to take the jdace of the Martinilleiiry; the rilles, of crMirs(>, remaining the pn.perty of tiie Ciovernnient. Amniunition for annual trainings to be furnished by the (Soveriim.ent. Instructors to be supplied, {'it: 4. Competent indiviiluals to lie authorized to raise bodies of .Mounted Infantry, which should receive grants in ]iro])orfion to their efticiency (a) in shooting (b) in cavalry drill. 5. ManoMivers to take jdace annually in June or July, nt some central and convenient iwint. Tr(M»iier Zaeliary It. 10. Lewis, killed in action at ? 'aai'i.'ucrg hi the il. ro was not in )n. However, the whole of lire. (1 in Western hat the Xorlh- cei's and men. tlie niininiinn lerniore, tliere 'Hal i'e};inient settlei'H with- , able-minded, ) can ride and put the latter ■se as well) is lent has been ren^jth of the ws: i'ontn>l of the )r. d I'mbers in all) nd Provincial d weapon) to se, remaining I traininjTH to lied, etc. ise bodies of riion to ilieir hily, at some ''»wrg in the SECOND VICTORIAN CONTlNaHNT.- The peop!;' of AuitratU have been enthuaiastic in their support of their mother country in the war with the Boers. In fi .:. this enthusiasm has been general in Great Britain's colonies, and shows the strong uond that exists between the different pans of the British Empire. It is this Ixjnd oi n common cause and a common interest that makes Great Britain strong not only), war but in peace. Great Britain wn-fd have been seriously handicapped in the So' African war had it not had its sturdy colonial troops to depend upon. The illustrati-ri here given shows the second . ■: i ian contingent marching through Melbourne i.'. ita w»y to embark for the Cape for South African service. This contingent left Melbourne January 13, 1900, commatif'c ' ^y Colonel Price. ^^M BIB DONALD A. BIUia-IX)BD 8TBATHC0NA. NEWS OF THE RELIEF OF LADYSMITH. as the Strathcona Horse. Col. Sam Steele, a man of inon «TBATHCONA — ThUeentlemanis the Hi«li Comuilssloiier lor Canada in Lomion nml g<>vrfr.--.r .-,f !h in F^rry?."a™ ffcT^he .cstf^prain^^^^^^^^ h ..n,rience on the Dlains. was »»"«'"'™'Sii Rrttel iTL^dySm^ -T^TiCrration is of the scene when the first man from Ladysmitb, after the relief, anive>y vUttawa) of the IJoyal i'anaduuiH. A boh of the hite Ur. Ix'Wis, and a nephew of Ari-hbishop LewiH, of Ontario, Anj,'li'ice8 to the Empire in the Boer war. He was graduated from Magil University, Montreal, and was born in 1802. Lieutenant McLean, of Kt. John, company "«," Koyal Cunadian Il<'giment, who resigned to join the Imperial Field Artillery, was much ccmimended by Lord Methuen for his maps of the country. Lord Methuen was highly impressed with Lieutenant McLean's efficiency, both as cartographer and officer, and promised to endorse his application for a cimimission in the Imj)erial Army. Lord Methnen carried this out, and thus the Koyal Canadians lost one of their most promising subalterns. 265 TUYINO TO TRIP JOHN BULL. From "Minneapolis Journal." The couibiuatlon between Tresident Paul Krugef of the Transvaal and President Hteyn of the Orange Free State did not trip John Bull so . easy as they thought it would. i tm^ n '(" Ijpll lp.» III § il i gvS e s - bo «■- p ? fi rS '? §"3 * ^ 3.0 _ S ^ja RAMMINQ THE CHARQE HOME.— The illuatration here given is of a sizteen-pounder made about 1770, which the British garrison, besieged at Mafeking, unearthed. The guu is of the ancient naval type, and bow it came to Mafelcing is a mystery. A resident of the town recalls that it passed into the Mafeking district in charge ci ;:tc Ccnnass nciiriy forty years a^. ihc Hriiiah, ^rho tycrr auppHctl r.'ith no ariiiicrj' except 7 pounders of the Crimean period, cleaned up the gun and turned it against the Boers with good effect. At first it was tested with two pounds of powder, which threw a ten-pound ball more than two thousand yards. The charge was increased to three pounds, which threw the same weight boll more than two miles, thus making the gun a valuable means.of defense. < r FIELO-MABSHAL LOBO BOBBBT8, V. C. lUJOR-OENEK . TARD KlTCHENbn . n'r^^hPlCl^'^^u^h.^'r?*? ROBERTS' V.C.-Appoiiited commander-in-Chief of the British forces in South Africa. He is recognized as one of the moat caj^able as well as th .i.j»t popuiar generals ot the Bnlish army. His bnlliant successes in the field have made him the idol of "Tommy Atkins," to whom he is known iis "Little Bobs." In India his dii ^ross, he Being in moat of the famous battles of that country, including Lucknow and Delhi. His famous march of 31.3 miles with a force of 10,000 men, fr ,, days and at once engaged and defeated the besiegers. For this he was elected to the Peerage and has since been known as U>rd Roberts of Kandahar. ..j.i.'V"^,?'^'*'^'^?'*^^,'''"^'* KITCHENER.-Appointed chief of sUff to Lord Roberts in South Africa. His recent achievi.m,.nts in Egv, ihe eubii and the bnlliancy of his diplomacy at Fashoda, have endeared him to the British public and soldiers alike. His remarkable genius at mii rgam pfrter,;.-.,. t,ir ngj-pirati srsiy, of irhich he is Sirdar. He is thchighcit type i i icieuliiic soidici thai the English army iMsaewcs, uudaaau env- 5i many of his brother officer* is hit wonderful command of the Arabic and other languages of the East •• ■> r j. KHished servces earned for him iheVi'ioria iiuul ' o Kandahar, be accompl.'.ued in twi-nty ition of the hordes of barburiai ;ht napping at Wtormbeij;, and in y* ,>,LW^^ April the Imperial War Office published a des- -S^/IKw^-^ jmtch from Utrd Itoberts, dated February i:5, in which the Field Marshal severely criticiswl (ien- eral Huller for haviug permitted the abandon- lueut of '..ion Kop. General Warren and others were also dealt with ill no „(ntle wa' Lord Roberts, in subinittinj? General Ruller's des- patdi.s descril the Kpion Kop 4tnd other operations from .lunuary I" to .January I iplained that the plan of operations w as not clearly described, \flei ,r|. hinjr General BullerV intenth)n8, as coinmuni point out that Biiller appears throughout to have been aware of wliiS was happening." TlCIHMri OF GUXKRAL III'LLHU M'TIRF OF IJLOFMFOXTEIN VY FIGHTING. Regarding the withdrawal from Wpion Kop, the retenlion of which had become essential to the relief of Ladysiiiilh, Lord Roberts said: "1 regret to be unable to conoir with Huller in thinking Thornycroft exercised wise discretion in . idering the troops to retii •• I am of the opinion that Thmiiycroft's assumption of responsibility and authority was wh(dly inexcusable. Duri^ ■ the night the enemy's fire (ould not have been formidable, and it wuidd not have taken more than two or three hours for Thornycroft to communicate by messenger with Major General < oke or Warren, ("oke appears to have left Spion Kop at !>:.J() j>. ni. for the purpose of consulting with Warren. Up to that hour the idea of withdrawal had not l)een entertained. Yet, almost immediately lifter Coke's departure, Thornycroft issued the order, without reference to supc i.ir authority, winch upset the whole jdan of operations and ren- dered iiuivailing tlu sacrifices already made to carry it into effect. On tlie other Intnd, it is only right to state tluit Thornycroft appears to have behaved in ,i very gallant nutnner throughout the day. "It is to be regretted that Warren did not himself visit Spion Kop in I he afternoon or evening, knowing as he did that the state of affairs was very critical and that Mie loss of the position would involve the failure of the operations. He consequently was obliged to summon Coke to his headi ' i. 08 of this nntun> nniy be trifling in themselves, yet they may exercise an important influenv a ►iuhofdiiiatc olliccf." . ,''■''" '''"••••'""'"■"'""•■''•■'•''■h..Knitif.viii-f,,il,iiv„fihmMl..s,,at,.|i,.H m th.. .i.liiiiial.lr behavior of th.. troops thronnhoiit \\w opcialioii." U.ii.Tal Miillrr's ivport, , omin..ntin« on «J...i..nil Wam-nV imports of tlif niptnivai vacnalion of Spjon Kop, afi. ,• .lisputiii- tl... ,„mMi- ncNs of Noiii,. of Warivn's ass.-W s an.l .l.snilmif; tl„. .lant;..r- ni.iv...l. th.. wh..l, pla... w.nil.l hav,- l)....n l)|...iini„ ,„„i,,,, ,.,,j;„|,„. „,ilifnrv .•..minan.ls an.l th.- hills wonl.l hav.. lM...n h.l.l, I am siir.. Unt no arranrnK'nts w,.,. ma.l... Cok.. app..ais t.. hav I,,.,.,, onl..,.,.,l awav just as h.. w.inl.l hav.. l,..,.n ns.f.il, an.l n.. ..n.- sik-c,.,..!,.,! him. Thoso on t..p «•,..•.. i(;n..rant .,f th.. fa.t that the n„„s „•,.„. ..on.inK "P, an.l iH'mvMy th..r.. was a want ..f ..r};anizati..n an.l svs|..m that a<.f...l ni.ist nnfav.irabl.v on t I..f,.ns,.. It is a.lmitt...! thai all ..f Tli..|.nv..r..ft's .•..nimnn.l a.t..! with th.- Kn'at..si frallantry thnMi^hont the ,lav, an.] m.ll.v sav...l th.. sitnath.n. lint pivpaiations f.ir the s.M'on.l' .lav's .l.'f.'i.s.. sh..nl.l hav.. b....n orpn.iz..,l .Inrin}; tlio .l int.. his ..ripnal plans, as his instrn..ti.ins w.-n- t.. ...cup.v a plain north of it. On .•<.nsnltati..n with the .•nmnian.l..r-inrhi(.f .lannarj- 21, h.,w..v..r, when the .p.^^stion of n'tirinR fr,,,,, or atta.kini; Spion K.,p was discuswd, Warren .'xprcssed his preffn-nce for attack- ing. T ,lH wu« «iu.,.eHHfnll.v a..,onipliMh...l bv (J,.n,.ra: W.wi.lanlo Thon """",""';" '• "' "'"• "•""nan.l..r.in...hi..f to pnt Th..rnv.r.,ft in .om- ''' "' •'"'/"""»!<• I" tl. antini.. Warren ha.l s..nt"(>enernl C.ke up to re.,.nfor.... him, with .,r.l,.rs t,. asHuii... ...miinin.l. InelTe.tual .•IT..rtH w,.r,. niak.. to h,.|i.,grapli Th.,rn.v..r..fi an.l ask wheth,.r he had '-uni...l ..oninian.l. T.iwar.I «uns..t he was tlnally ..nabl...l to p.f or.b.rH H.iough an.l .■on..lml,..l the p.,„iti.,n ..ould be li,.|.l th.. n..xt dav if gu. h ••.Mild b.. pr.)vi.l..,l an.l Nh..|t..r ..btain,..!. ^ '' Said ,.n..ral Warr.-n sai.l: "I, in „ ,„„tt,.r f.,r the com- n«n,l..r..n...hi,.f j., .le..i.le whether th..r.. will b.. an, iinvstigation i „ the .p„.st,.,n ..f the unauth..rixed ..va.natl.m ..f S,.i..n K..p " «!,.neral Hnll..r isNiied a ginu-ral ..r.l..r t.. his tr..„ps. after La.lvHinitli was r..lieve,l, ...mnien.ling tli..ir f.ntitu.le an.l gallalitrv. NVarl •2,4 ;;";7: ';:"' '";'";■•;'': '":* ""* "^ *"""" '""•'"« "•■""'••« ♦•'•• <«">- ov .i^ht. S:: HiX:;:.'"'"^""""' "-' """"^ ^'^"« "-'-« "'« -*'- -- After* commander-inKiliief a hearty and n"yal reception whrn he reicbld the . llic Mutider River camp. The inen were hilarious in their ' were made of the stuff that would follow a dashing, daring rriri: WJr-^ rwODcns greeting of •■l,iltle Bobs," as lord Roberts is fara^iarl/rnown aVon^^'he t^n^At^'d^'o^^^^^ "' "'" """j"' ^T' ""^P' ''''' ""' *«« hilarious in their and successful commander wherever he led."rtl':''rpS'gr.SSf follorAr^rrri^lirbarU^^^er^^^^^^^ tlM commander g»v« was not empty. I!. 1 1 THE C. I. V.'S BAPTISM OP FIRE.— In Lord , Robert*' ailvance on Bloemfontein, after General Cronje'a aurreuder at Paardeberg, the capture ot lacobadal bv General Wavell's brigade waa an incident that not only involved aouie hot fighting with the Boers, but gave the Ciiy Imperial Volunteera an opportunity to receive ♦heir- baptism of fire. Not only this, but thev had the honor of being the first to enter the town. In reporting the action, lA>rd Roberts sent this inessage to the Mayor of I^ndon; "The City of London Imperial Volunteers came under fire for the first time yesterday under Colonel Ohnlmnndelev Bt lacobedel. £sd behav^ piast ssllanti^ •• ;Moi only did they behave wel) wtii|c under tire, but after they enteted the town. The iUustration abows them entering Jacobsdal under fire. IgaliamijT ' LORD ROBERTS' SEVERE CRITICISMS. 273 "The turning movement was necessarily wide, owing to the nature of the ground, and the cavalry and horse artillery horses arc much done up. The fighting was practically confined to the cavalry division, which, as usual, did exceedingly well, and (icneral FreiK'h reports that the horse artillery hatteries did great execution among the enemy. "Our casualties were about fifty. "Generals DeWet anil Delarey commanded the Boer forces." Lord Itoherts' ar of the Dutch line of defense among the hills and captured many prisoners. The Hoers left one hundred dead on the Held, while the British loss was heavy. Their retreat entirely uncovered Itloemfontein, which was abandoned, and General French reached it on the evening of March 12. On the way he had a hard fight, losing si.xfy in killed aud 321 in wounded and missing. Lord I{(d)erts' first rejiort was: "General French r»>ached Hloemfontein last evening and occupied two hills close to the railway station. "General French encountered the Boers in force and won a hard battle. "The cavalry division is astride the railway si.\ miles south of Bloemfonfein. "Polonel Fmheley has died of his wounds. The wounds are as a rule mo-e serious than usual, owing to the expanding bullets which are freely used by fli(> Boers. "A brother of President 8t<>yn has been made a prisorer. 'The telegrajdi line leading northward has been cut and the rail- way broken up. "I am now starting with the Third f'avalry Brigade, which I called up from the Seventh Division near Pelrusliurg yesterday, and the mounted infantry fo reinforce the cavalry division." The Boer losses in the fighting preceding the capture of Bloemfon- fein were much heavier than those of the British. Lord Roberts' second dispatch on Bloemfoiwein was as follows: "Bloemfonfein, March l."}, 1900. "By the help of God and by the braveiy of ller Majesty's soldiers, the troops under my command have taken posse*i»ion of Bloemfonfein. The British flag now flies over the presidency, evacualed last evening by Mr. 8teyn, lafe President of the Orange Free State. "Mr. Fraser, member of the late Executive fiovernmenf ; the Mayor, the Secretary to the late Govcrnuient, the Landrost and other officials met ine two miles from the town and presented me w if h the keys of the public offices. "The enemy have withdrawn from the neighborhood and all seems quiet. The inhabitants of Bloemfonfein gave tlie troops a cordial wel- come. BOBERTS." On the day Lord Roberts entered Bloemfonfein the Orange Free State ceased to exist. President Steyn led the retreat of his forces fo Winburg, HiO miles north of Bloeiufonteiii, and established his capital there. Just after the capture of the Orange Free State capital a pretty exchange of compliments took i)la who, in the transportation of their guns, generaUy used own, which were peculiarly adapted to the i '. it •JM'J3 s 3 B § s o-c5 . g aas- * » «< flH be>H - S -* 8 fiaaa-si.g.-fiK's* sii||iKy §■5 «* 55 = 5 i; i, ClTAPTEn XXIX. "ON T() PHETOKIA!" — LOHD ROBERTS' CUITICI8M OF GEN- EKAI.S METIIUEN' AND GATACKE — DEATH OF (JEXEHAL JOUBERT — DISAHTBK AT BUHIIMAN'H KOP. IIE crj' of tlio British bciug "On to Prptoiia," Lord IJobcrfH set his iiiiiiu>nM(> forpe iu motion to flear the Oran^'e Free State of Boers, and it was not long before lie liad tlieni on tlie run, aItlioiit;h the En|;lisli oonunander suffered severely at various times. On March 15, General Pole-Carew occuitied Bethany, General Gatacre crossed the ^t^/'^feJBM) Oran<;e River and occupied Bethulie, Generals S '^n^N^ Clements and Brabant advanced simultaneously, r^3d^t^ reniainin>i in touch with Gatacre, while Lord I{<)berts remained at Bloemfontein, but was not idle himself. The Frw State Government having surrendered its ea]i!tal, a military government was substituted for it. lie kept various municipal and State oftices in operation under the general supervision of the military government, and by proclamation and practice encouraged the jieople of the Free State to follow the rxam]*le of their own autho.'ities and withdraw from a. hopeless struggle. Ex-President Steyn, njion his arrival in Kroonstad, issued counter prodajuations and strove to rally his troojis in defense of the Republic, but the old order of Government hatl lost its jitditical center with the surrender of its capital, and a new order of administration created under the British flag, which greatly discouraged his followers. Lord Rdberts' main ".-crij during the next fortnight wn/ onr- of parifi- ration and restoration of order. His paymasters bought sujiplies for rm army of 50,000 men, and his disciplinarians enforced r>sjM'ct fm- pi-ivale property. 377 With gold to pay out and with soldiers under rigorous discipline. Lord l{oberts proved a succe.^sful politician in Bloemfontein. His first work was the opening of the railway southward to the Orange River and the abandonment of the convoy system of supplies from Kimberley. The entire district south of Bloemfontein was cleared in the course of a few days and railway tratHc restored. The occupation of Bloemfontein was a peace measure of great efficacy. Tlie capital welcomed Lord Koberts' soldiers and rejoiced that so far as the Free State is concerned the war was virtually at an end. The influence of the cajiital was felt north and south. The forces blocking the advance of Gatacre, Brabant and dements continued breaking up, while the commandoes in the north thinned out nightly from desertion. A relief column was organized at Kimberley to assist Mafeking, being recruited from voluntccs and local forces, aiul stiffened with regulars. General Kitciiener was clearly at work ther(>, and t..e seizure of Boshof was connected with the nu)vement. .\s there was a Boer force at Fourteen Streams, the column, it was predicted, would have severe lighting before it f!:i Hi- re being THE REWARD OF TREACHERY,— The reports that have come from the forces in the South African war indicate that both sides are animated by a spirit cf Atlimoaitv not cntnmnn in wArfHm. Thp CAiispa tlmt nrnmnti^ thp war nn Iwith airlAa oMkni fn liayp PfiQi*' IfotriA tC *^'^ in'^*"i'^Ua^ a^MtAr <»i»h " for'^ *hat *n°^" him relentless when he faces his opponent in battle. This spirif of resantment in many instances seems to have passed the boundary of ordinary warfare, and led to acta that cannot be harmonized with civilized methods of conducting a war. The illnstration is of a case in point. Major Woods of the Red Cross and hospital service was attending a wuunded officer when be was fired upon by a mounted Boer. The officer's corporal seized a rifle and shot the Boer as a reward for his treachery. in time ■ ■ „ ^^_-_. , , .-jL s^lT! ?sr R U t 4j 2 " B S S = « ll-f " ■c - ij-o g H « " S ■ ■K"^ 5 B « "-^ 3 8.° "o.v 77) pREioKiAr—nn.riii or ci.m-.km. kh nr.HT. 281 . K^ 4/ ed a -J 2 " S'S < 3 a-g< >.aeg* to pr<'\ lit till- (Icviatioii liriiiuf fi'om lu'liin ciniiiilflcly (IcwtriOftl iiiul lo secure llu' imllt till llu' N'lial. ••Tilt- Kii(;lisli iniiil was ilispiu lied fniin licic l),v mil yoMtcrday, anil to-nioriow tlif ri'j^iilar railwii* service witli Cape T^vn will be re- (i]ienele«'arew's force lias retiirneil from Spri .iiiein, where II junction was etTedcd with (ieueral (latatie. "(Jeneral Tolefarew also jiroceedeil to Norval's Tout, from which point he lielio^naphed to (leneral Clements that l.SIKl Free Slaters had submitted at Kdeiiliiii),'." A I'ni.iiia dispatch of Friday, March 1(>, said: "The chief of the intellifience department, McdeiiKraaf, aiiii.iimceH that the federal losses prior to the relief of Kimlieiiey and Li'd.N smith were: Killed, ti77; wounded, L',l-'!». Accidents, shkness and other disablin}{ causes, he asKerts, liiin;i the total to 4,:?."1." Lord l!ol;<'rts, in a hiilleliii to the London War (tlHce dated March 1»(». announced that Lord Kitchener had occupied Prieska without resist- ance after the rebels had surrendered and the Hoer leaders had escaped. Two hundred stands of anus were captured and thirty-three prisoners, and the rehclli.Mi in tlie "jioor wliile" district was apparently suppressed. Lord Holf 'is also reported that the ISoers were be}iinnin}j to sur- render on the Uasuto bonier, I that K.x-I'resident Steyn was cireu- latiujt tt uolice that burKhers sit;iiin;z the declaration made in accord- uuee with the nrili-rs, field cornets and lieutenants were selected. Every man in the Transvaal became a trained soldier without leaving his farm. Every man had a ((nnjilete military eriuipment at home. To mobilize (he eiiiiit- fon-c u" the repnbliv -Toiibert had but to send seventeen telegrams. It reipiired but forty-eight hours to place the entire nation under arms, fully equipped and provisions for a month. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // /./ A ^ /a- >V' 4Kp 1.0 I.I Uilil 12^ 1.25 iu ■ 2^ MnBB 12.0 1.8 1.6 150mm V ^^ ^> d? / /APPLIED J IIVMGE . Inc .^gg 1653 East Main street .^^ li Rochester, NY 14609 USA J^g "^ Phone: 716/482-0300 .^S'.^SS Fax: 716/286-5989 e 1993, Applied Image. Irw, All Rights Resarved =J\ i M \^ A. 282 "OX TO PRETORIA:"— DEATH OF GENERAL JOL'BERT. TliiH Htdiy wiiH told (if .liMibcrt timl Krugt-r iu I'iiimm: The pMit'ial WUM iiskol litiw lie li'iiiiUMl I he Hiit'i-H to such N|ilcii(li)l iiiiirkNiiiaiiHhi|). "We art' licft'iiilarv inarksiiirii," lu' said. "We hail to kcikI our t'liililrcii Id sclionl, and the couiitrv was full of wild (leasts and Kattli'S. So every liov had to earrv ii rille and know how to defend himself and his sisters, lie was ex|ie('leivine services weie held in his camps every Sunday niorniu};. He was a lirm believer in d throughout the Transvaal even thoup;h his ]iolitical vlfws varied from those of many. When he set his I rap for Hr. .Tameson and iiis raiders (Vonje carried out Lis orders and did the Ughting. It wuh Joubcrt who said: "l.iet them come on until they think we have Hed, Then Are." His instructiouM were obeyed. His military tactics ehwely re- sembled tlniBo of Stonewall Jaikson— to mystify the enemy ut all times, and avoiil so fur as possible an open enpi^emeiit with a prepared fuv. In the war lie planned the sie};e of Kiniberley and that of Lady- smith. It is now known that he inteiuled to capture both pla<'es before the new year came, and then to move tin t'ape Town. It is believed KruKer materially interfered with his plans, and that also Steyn and the Free State men were not helpful allies. At one time it was reported that ln' had }{'»'>«' insane. A^ain, he was injured sever«'ly by being thrown from his horse. He was personally without fear. He s|H'nt a >;reat deal of time in the trenches, encourajjinjj; the men, and was always receivtil with joy, not cheers. The plile};matic bnr^fhers do not under- stand the cheer. One of his early instructions to his fon'es was: "Make of yourselves sharpshooters and watch for the offlcers. Always let them come on until you are reaily and tln-y unprepared." Oeneral Louis Itotha was named by .lonbert before his death as his KHcc«'ssor. Hotha had seen a {{feat deal of service, although the youngest general in the republican armies, having commanded the Hoer forces at Colenso and Spion Kop. Hotha was appointe . The itIUBlialiuU Iiere giveu sliowo the quarters of the nurses at the general hotpital at Rondeboacb. Siiter Brown and Co:. Wood are seated. Major Keogb, the secretary, stands. The Canadian sisters are known by the red brushes in their hattt ' -1 m iia-^T-i 'rfm-jiaf' •ox TO PRETORlAr-DEATH OF CEXERAL JOLBERT. 285 lis nil If OS'S III ° 2 Si -ax S,4| ^13 til Zi!>. 11 ^ ()n>' of tiK' iiu'ii who Willi np Ww hill a( Hpioii Kop miiUI nt-m-ial Kolhii wiiH olio of llii- liiNf to ifiirh Ihc HIM it, niid Ihiil hi- hiiiisHf look two lillfH from the liaiiilN of Itiiliwh Hohlicrs, one of wlioiii he kmuki'd lo the jjroiiii.l wilh Ihc hull iikI of his irvolvii-. lit' wan l»iav«'i-.v ilsi-lf. Uiiriii}; Ihiw pi-iio.l of nppaiciit iiuulivilv oiil.v Hklniii»hiu(,' wan in- (liil{;i-(l III. A (linpuKh from tin- IJoi-i- 1 iimi» a( Ukaicm', dutfil Friday, Match 2;t, lltUO, Haid: "Xo allack Iw I'xpcctcd lo lie made on tlii' HotT forces In Xalai. (icncials itolhii and Meyer have lieeii joined Ity their wIvch. I'reloriiiK, with a paliol, not helweeii an advance ^naitl of lancern and its main body March 22. t)iie lancer, wlio refuKcd to surrender, wuh hIioI. "tJemral llotha deiilcH the reporix that Transvaal women were wound«-d in llie Tiigela Ireiiches. tieneial Itnller has sent the Hoers a list of Iheir wounded, wtaliiifj tiiat he Imried sixty men. (ieiieral Hollia says this is impossilde, as IiIh rolls do not show any such loss." A Ladysiiiilh spe.ial also saiil: "A printed docnmeut has been found nivlnjj the Hoer losses at Siiion Kop at over 2,0l)t»." l^ird Itoberlti benan iiioviii;i ti ps northward from rhreinfonteln ou March 2S, and about the same time tieneial Oatacr.'- i.irces bejjan to arrive at lliat place, tieneial fount de Villebois, the French strategist who had allied himself with the fortunes of the Hoei-s, was at this time appointed commander of the buifsher forces in the Free State, lie was the scion of an old Mr 'Ion family, served as a lieutenant during the Fiiincol'riissian war, and achievi-d an enviable reputation as an orpinizer of the tiisl class, lie was an indefatipible student of the literature of his jirofesshin, and was said to be an expert in the use of larfje bodh's of mounted ritlenien e irkintf in a broken country, lie was called the brains of the ISoer forces. Vhroutsli Dr. Leyds. the Hoer re,.ieseiitative in Kuiope, I>e Villebois was provided with an agreement under which on arrival at rretoria he was. yia/.etled to the rank of lieiitenantjseiieral. The count's success in assistiiifr in the defeat of ( 'leiieial Unller at < ",000, but this [ileal army was an absolute necessity, us captured places had to be ^-aiiisoned, and the Urilish, beint; invariably the attuek- \\iH imrty, were compelled lo use lar{,'e bodies of iiieii, as the HoefB were always on the defensive. The latter part of .March and the early days of April were dlMtin- finished by rather heavy tl}{hlin};. tin March 20 the Seventh Division and (ienertil French with two cavalry brifjades attacked and dislodgeil the Hoers from several kopjes at Karec Sidin;?, a station on the railway einlit miles iiort h of < Ih-n. The Hiit isli loss was over 180 killed, wounded, and inissiu};; the Hoer loss somewhat smaller. The victory had little result, as Lord Hoberts had intended to envelop and capture the burgher force, yet throufjii some bunfjiint; in the execution of his orders, such as occurred at I'oplar tliove, no Hoi-r (fiins were captured and no prisoners taken. The secondary object, which was to prevent the enemy's outposts from raitliiijj liie conutry to the inunediute north of nioeiiifontein, was secured. Ill his report Lord l>jes they had occupied near the Kar.-e Kidiiifj station, a few mllea south of nramlfort. "The operation was succt xtoi-.v in his i-ciMiit to lhi> Wat- Otticc: "Hl(i< niftintfin, Apiil I, 1!)(M). "I I'fccivcd ni'Ws late vcslcrdav cvcninn- ffoni ("nh(n«'l ISi'oadw I, wliowasat Tiialia X'fhii,iliirtvcif;ht niih'scast i>f jit'ic.tlial infmination liad I'caclici' liiin tliat tlic t'liciiiy was a|i|)i'iiai'liin^ in two fori'i's, from tlic north and (>aMl. He stated tliat if tlie repoi-t pi-oved true lie would retire toward the waterworks, seventeen miles nearer Itjomrontein, where we have had a detaeliiueiit of mounted infantrv for the jiroie-Mon of the works. "Hroadwood was told in replv that the Ninth Divisiuu. with Martvr's .Mounted Infantry, would uuirtli at