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Un das symboias suivants apparaftra sur la darnldra imaga da chaqua microflcha, salon la cas: ia symbols —► signif la "A 8UIVRE". la symbols y signlfia "FIN". Maps, platas, charts, ate. may ba flimad at diffarant raductlon ratios. Thosa too iarga to ba antiraiy included in ona axposura ara flimad baginning in tha uppar laft hand cornar, iaft to right and top to bottom, as many framas as raquirad. Tha following diagrams iliustrata tha mathod: Las cartas, planchas, tablaaux. ate, pauvant Atre filmte A das taux da reduction diff^ants. Lorsqua la documant ast trop grand pour Atra raproduit an un saul clichA, 11 ast film* A partir da I'angia supArisur gaucha, da gauclia A droita, at da haut an bas. an pranant la nombra d'Imagas nAcassalra. Las diagrammas suivants lliustrant ia mAthoda. : t :^ M >■: ' 3 % ■;.. f » . t .. :' * ■ 6 » } MzmyyiT bbill '■.Mtin' woMtB^vm^im miMR' MB WlBHmMlB- 't9 oomrnkxtm^ tsb wmn wmt^ ,., -ii^^ i.ii»*,'Yr>E, COMMANDING THE ACTIVE FORCE. COMPILID BT JOHN OABVEH. CiPTAiK, 1st (ou Fbikob Of WJlIM) RltlM UaOiUUKt, MONTREAL: PRIKTED BY BOLLO CAMPBELL, PLACE D^ABUES. 1862. ;,/i FI0Z<6 P R E F AC ?)j^ZQr'2- The soldier most perfect in bis drill Wins promotion, honor,, and good will. It is a well-known fact, that a well-drilled and highly disciplined army ia almost invincible in the field. Napoleon and Wellington owed their greatest yictories as much to the high discipline of their troops, as to their own strategy and genius. It is true that a good coinmander often inspires con- fidence in a body of undisciplined men ; but it is equally true, that the commander of such troops has little confidence in them when brought into action with a well-disciplined army. Instances are not wanting, where large bodies of nndis- oiplined men have been scattered like sheep by a mere hand- ful of well-trained soldiers. It will be seen, therefore, from' the above, how desirable it is for an army to be well disciplined, especially if it has to engage an enemy more numerous than itself. To facilitate the attaining perfection in drill by the Canadian Volunteers is the object, then, which the Compiler has in view in publishing the present Woik, entitled the " Military Drill and Riflb Instruction Book.'* It is thought that the present is a favorable time for issu- ing this Work on the Manual Exercise, and Manoeuvres of all kinds, requisite in the Drilling and Training of Volunteers in Canada. It is nearly the same as that used by the Volunteers in England at the present time, which has been recommended by Authority. This Work has also received the approbation of the Officers Commanding in Montreal^ and they recom- mend it to the attention of the Volunteers now raised or about to be raised in Montreal, and in Canada generally. In conclusion, the Compiler hopes that the Book will receive that support which its merits deserve, not only from the Active Force of the Province, but from all those who are now enrolling themselves to fight for their Queen and their Country. JOHN GARVEN. MoNTBSAL, January, 1862 S ^ r -\ ■u \ i CONTENTS. FAO«. OiNKBAL RbMABKS 5 FIRST DRILL. 1. Squad falling in 6 2. TelliDff off. 6 8. Method of Teaching 6 4. Opening for Squad Drill 7 6. Position of the Volunteer 7 6. Dressing in Open Files 7 7. Standing at Ease 8 8. Facings 8 9. Closing the Squad 10 10. Dressing in Close Files 10 11. Dismissing a Squad 10 SECOND DRILL. 1. Falling in, and Facings in Close Files 10 2. Cadence and Length of Pace 11 8. Marching in Quics Time 11 4. Stepping Out and Stepping Short and Marking Time 12 6. Wheeling 12 6. The Diagonal March 18 7. Breaking off, and Re-assembling 14 8. Marching in Double Time 14 THIRD DRILL. 1. File Marching 14 2. Wheeling in Files '.. 15 8. Files forming Squad 16 4. The Side or Closing Step 17 FOURTH DRILL. 1. Manual Exercise IT 2. Trailing Arms 28 8. Marching with Arms 24 4. Method of Piling Arms 24 FIFTH DRILL. 1. Platoon Exercise 26 2. To Shoulder and Order from the Capping Position 81 8. To Load from the Order 81 4. To come to the Ready 81 5. To Fire and Re-load, Kneelins 82 6. To Shoulder and Order from tlie Capping Position kneeling. 84 7. Platoon Exercise in Slow, and Quick Time 84 ^P % ' 4 i SIXTH DRILL. 1. formation oFSquad in Two Ranks 8A 8. Tellins off 85 8. Munual and Platoon Exnrcisea 85 4. Movements in Two Ranks 85 6. Firings S6 6. The Formation of Fours 87 7. Wheeling in Fours, and forming Squad from Fours 88 8. A Squad formed in Fours closing on a Flank, and Re-forming two deep 88 SEVENTH DRILL. 1. Oeneral Rules for extending in Skirmishing Order 89 2. Extending from tLo Uult 40 2. Closing on the Halt 40 4. Extending on the March 40 6. Closing on the March 41 6. Advancing in Skirmishing Order 41 7. Retiring in Skirmishing Order 41 8. Inclining to a Flank 41 9. Skirmishers changing Front or Direction 42 10. Firing in Skirmishing Order 43 11. Forming Rallying Square 48 12. Preparing for Cavalry 48 18. Re-iormiug Squad 44 EIGHTH DRILL. 1. Forming and Numbering off of the Company 44 5. Posts of Officers 45 8. Dispersing and Assembling 46 4. Advancing, Retiring, Wheeling, ^0 47 6. Wheeling into Column of Subdivisions or Sections ......... 47 6. Manual and Platoon Exercises 47 7. Formation of Company Square 47 8. Dismissing a Company 48 NINTH DRILL. 1. The Company Extending, Closing, &c 49 2. The Alarm, or Look out for Cavtury 49 8. Skirmishers closing on the Support \[\\ 49 4. Relieving Skirmishers [[[ 50 5. Reinforcing, or extending a Line of Skirmishers to a Flank ! 51 6. Bugle Calls 52 T. Proving a Company \\ 54 8. Marching at Ease \\\\ 55 BATTALION FORMATION AND MOVEMENTS. 1. General Remarks 55 2. Foi mation of Open Column \[[ 55 8. Telling; off the Battalion 1 1 .* 5g 4. Pivot Flank \\ 5^ 6. Formation of Quarter Distance Column ,. 56 6. Formation of Line \ 5g 7. Telling off afresh \ gg 8. Squares " 57 9. Skirmishing 57 10. Inspection " ] * 57 11. Formation of an Advanced Guard on a Road ','.,'. 59 u pn or ep vo or w] p« til in di ai li &i ii c c 1 y • 1 # il 8A 85 85 85 16 87 88 88 INSTRUCTIONS FOR THE TRAINING 89 40 40 40 41 41 41 41 42 48 48 48 44 Of VOLUNTEER CORPS. GENERAL REMARKS. 44 45 46 47 47 47 47 49 49 49 50 51 52 64 65 65 65 66 66 66 66 66 57 67 67 59 ^ i I. Volunteer corps being composed, for the most pnrt, of men \vhose time is much occupied with their ordinary pursuits, and who consequently are not able to spare ' many hours for drill, it is recommended that every volunteer be provided with a copy of this drill book, in order thnt he may read the instructions between the drills, which will be found a great assistance. II. No instructor could possibly teach a whole com- pany of untrained men placed together in two ranks. In the following system the volunteers will first be instructed in small squads. In open files, and in single rank. The drills ^'111 then be repeated in larger squads in two ranks, and finally, when the volunteers have learned all the pre- liminary parts of their drill, they will be exercised together as a company. III. When a corps of volunteers is first assembled, if there are no regular drill instructors attached to it, the commanding ofiicer would do wisely at once to select a certain number of the members, in tlie proportion of about 10 or 12 per cent, to act as such. These men may after- wards become non-commissioned officers, and rank accord- ing to the aptitude they show for military duties. IV. The volunteers thus selected should lirat be trained in a squad by thomiielvcs, citer which they will be employed in drilling the remainder of the corps, and time \rill eventually bo gained. V. The corps being assembled, and the drill in- structors ready to begin their worlc, the volunteers will be divided into as many squads as there are instructors, and each instructor will proceed with the following drills. VI. The volunteers, when at drill, must remain per- fectly silent, and give their whole attention to their in- structors. VII. The volunteers should be perfect in one drill, before they proceed to another ; eacli drill may be repeated as often as it h found necessary, and time will permit. VIII. A system of mutual instruction will frequently be found advantageous ; as the volunteers get more ac- quainted with their drill, each in succession may be called out, and directed to put the squad through one or two exercises, under the supt^riutendcnce of the instructor. FIRST DRILL. Section 1. Squad falling in. The squad will fall in, in line, that is side by side. The right hand man being first placed, the remainder will then fall in one after the other, touching very lightly towards him ; the thick part of the arm just below the elbow is the part that should keep the touch, and will bo tho principal guide when marching. Section 2. Telling off. The volunteers will number off from right to left, each man calling out his number thus,—" one," " two," " three,'' &c., the right hand man being " one." It must be explained to them that odd numbers are called right files, even numbers left files. Section 3. Method of Teaching. In all the following exercises, tho instructor will first give the word of command in the margin distinctly, in the ordinary tone of his voice, the volunteers remaining steady ; he will then explain to them, in the words of the text, the movement required. This done, he will repeat the word of command in a loud tone, the first or caution- ary pi or »yl and cl Riofr ONK Foil LEF1 ONI STEI M Tl posit heels angl the s bodj it m head strai T Dati EYl %[2 ary pnrt, slowly and distinctly, tlio last, or exooutivo word or syllnltlo, on which tho ineu will niovo as dirootod, itharpl/ and decidedly. Section 4. Opening for St, keeping t. i toes and ft on both gether. RIGHT ABOUT- FAv'^E. TWO. THREE. RIGHT (or left) half-face. TWO. RIGHT (or left) about, THllEE- QUARTERS- FACE. On the word Face, place the ball of the right toe against the left heel, keep- ing the shoulders square to the front. On the word two, raise the toes and turn to the rightabout on both heels. On the word Three, bring the right foot smartly back in a line with the L left. . On the word Face, draw back (or ad- vance) the riglit foot one inch. On the word two, raise the toes and turn an eighth of a circle to the right (or , left) on both heels. When it is necessary to perform the diagonal march to the rear, the volunteer will receive the words Right {or Left) About, Three- Quarters Face, upon which he will bring the ball of the right foot (not the ball of the toe) to the left heel, or the right heel to the ball of the left foot, and will make a three-quarters face in the required direction, in the same manner as he faces about. 1 The volunteers will also be taught to face, judging their own time, that is, without the words Tivo, or Three, rest- ing a pause of nearly a second between each movement. '' When it is intended to resume the ori- ginal front, after any of the foregoing facings, the word of command Front, may be given, on which the whole will facf as accurately as possible, to the fojr front. y ^ When the volunteer has .^^^'°"!^y faced to the right-about, h^^'- 1'"°"5 7 the right-about, but, if V^*^ ^f ®^ *T. 10 if. Section 9. Closing the Squad, RIGHT PILES- '^ ONE PACE STEP BACK. LEFT FILES ONE PACE FORWARD- MARCH. On the word March, the right and left files will step as directed, with their left feet, thus resuming their original places in line. ETES BIGHT- DBESS. Section 10. Dressing in Close Files. On the word E^es Bight, turn the head and eyes slightly to the right, and on the word Dress, shuffle up or back with very short steps, till you can just see the lower part of the face of the second man from you I at the same time, touch very lightly towards the flank on which you are ^ dressing. In like manner volunteers will be taught to dress by the left. These practices should be repeated several times, after which the volunteers will be dismissed, in the following manner. Section 11. Dismissing a Squad, TO THE RIGHT- FACE. BREAK OFF. As already explained. On this word the volunteers will take a side pace to their left, at the same time striking the palms of their hands together in front of the body ; after which they will disperse quietly. To save time, the voluuteers should be warned, pre- iously to being dismissed, when and how they are to fall '^-^r the next drill. SECOND DRILL. Section Falling in, and Facings in Close Files, The squad wiv fall in, and tell off as at the first drill, fir,^ Zrlj'^'^T f .^^"g^« '*»1^' i« ^^^^^ oJ-der they will first practise the facin&f ^^aamg their own time. B W 'I Q si 81 11 ) and left iheir left al places the head id on the with very the lower man from ry lightly you are dress by mcs, after following will take same time s together hich they rned, pre- are to fall Files. first drill, they will BY THE BIGHT (or left). Section 2. Cadence and Length of Pace. It will not be necessary to teach volunteers to march as accurately and rigidly as soldiers of the line, but practice in the quick and double march is necessary to enable them to move together. The length of the pace in the quick march is 30 inches, in the double march 36. The time or cadence is, in the quick march 108 steps in a minute, in the double march 150. Section 3. Marching in Quick Time. On the words, by the right, or by the LEFT, remain steady ; it is simply to warn you which flank is to direct during the march. The man on the named flank will take two points, such as stones or tufts of grass, one beyond the other, straight to his front to march on, and as he approaches the nearest point, when marching, he will select a fresh one further off, so that he will always have two to keep him straight ; the remainder of the squad will touch very lightly towards him. The flank which directs is called the pivot flank, tho opposite flank the reverse flank. Before the squad is put in motion the time should be beaten on a drum ;* when the drum ceases, the instructor will at once give his command. On the word march, step off" together with the left foot, keeping the time given on the drum as nearly as possible. While marching, retain the position already taught, the bjdy inclining well forward ; let tho arms and hands hanp' easily, neither clinging to the thighs »' * partaking of their movements. * To enable the drummer to beat the time correctly^g j'^j- j, ^j^jg should be used ; a variety of instruments are cousl^^ ^^^ jg ^^^ purpose, but a leaden nluramet suspended by af' S^j^ j^^ ^,f liable to stretch, will do as well. The Icngt*- "rr,„^„.l. suspension to the centre of the plummet musP^ *^ iouowb . j.ches. Hundredths. Quick time • ^'J og Double time ....*'' , ** QUICK-ifARCH. I -t I j '■ I I I 12 On the word halt, complete the pace HALT. ■< you are in the act of making, bring the heels together, and then stand still. The volunteers should not be halted if they lose step, but be allowed to move on some distance. RIGHT ABOUT- FACE. BY THE RIGHT (or left) QUICK- MARCH. HALT— FRONT. When at the extremity of the ground the squad will be faced about, and will then be marched back again. RIGHT ABOUT- TURN. As already taught. The volunteers should also be taught to turn to the right about while marching. The turn should be ompleted in three short steps. The fourth must be a full pace in the new direction. tS. 4. Stepping Out and Stepping Short and MarkingTime. Although 30 inches is the regular pace in quick time, a •'olunteer may occasionally find it necessary to lengthen or shorten his pace in order to conform with the move- ments of the rest of the squad ; he may also mark the time by raising the feet alternately, without gaining ground. When necessary, the whole squad may be ordered to MARK TIME. If required to mark time for purposes of drill, from the halt, the command will be mark time- quick, on which the squad will mark time, commencing with the left foot. Section 5. Wheeling. On the word wheel, the right-hand man will face to the right. On the word mawcu, the right-hand man will stand fast ; the remainder of the volunteers will wheel round the right OUICK-MARCH. -{ or pivot man, touching towards him and looking outwards for the dressing. The left-hand or outward man will move at a full pace of 30 inches and look inwards. On the word halt, the squad will halt, .and every man will look to his front, un- ( *«ss ordered to dress. RIGHT- WHEEL. HALT. < Wheeling to the Itf^ ^i\\ b© practised in like manner. ■f J^ •4 n'! n 18 the pace bring the till, lose step, le ground and will be taught narching. in three be a full king Time, ck time, a lengthen he move- : the time ? ground, rdered to irposes of XK. TIME- nmenoing ight-hand ight-hand ier of the :he right him and ig. The novo at a inwards, will halt, front, un- tanner. I A squad may also wheel in any direction while on the march, by the words, right (or lkft) wheel, on which the pivot man will mark time, moving his shoulders round as the squad wheels round him ; in other respects the wheel will be performed as already explained. On the word FORWARD, BY THE RIGHT (or LEFT,) the squad will move on in the direction it happens to be facing when the word is given. A squad may be wheeled from the halt on a moveable pivot ; the pivot man marking time, as he does when changing direction on the march, in this case the com- mand will be ON THE MOVE, RIGHT (or left) wheel, quick- march ; this would be done if the squad were intended to move forward in any direction after wheeling. Section 6. The Diagonal March. RIGHT (or lelt) half- face (or ) As already taught. quick- march. halt-front. On the word march, step off, each man moving straight to his front and retaining during the march, his relative position with the rest of the squad. As already described. If the march has been properly performed, when the squad is halted and fronted, it will be found in a line parallel to its original position. Volunteers while marching to the front in line will also be taught to incline to either flank by a half-turn in the direction required, as follows : — BY THE right ^ (or left) V As already described. quick-march. ) C On the word turn, each volunteer will RIGHT (or turn his body the eighth of a circle to the left) half- \ right (or left), as directed, and move on in TURN. I a diagonal direction, without checking the [ pace. front-turn ^ Q^ ^j^g ^^j.^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^^g fj.^^^ BY THE RIGHT > ^^^ ^^ j^ Hneto the original front, (or left). ) ® I I ) ! I ! !* i* 14 If the squall inclines to a flank in this manner while retiring, and is required again to move straight to the rear, the word will be rear jurn. When marching diagonally to the right, the right file will direct, when to the left, the left file will direct, without reference to the flank that was previously directing. Section 7. Breaking off and Re-assembling. TO THE RIGHT 'j FACE. FOR A FEW MOMENTS ONLY, BREAK OFF }■ As already taught. FALL IN. DOUBLE- MARCH. The right or left hand man being placed, on the word fall in, the squad will form I upon him at once in the plaos they pre- \_ viously occupied. This should be done frequently ; it is a very important practice. Section 8. Marching in Double Time. The time will first be given on the drum. BY THE RIGHT ( ^° ^^® "^^^^ MARCH, step ofT With a for LEFT ) I ^^^^ ^^^^ swinging step (36 inches), the nonm v "^ body well forward, and carried smoothly ~ J to the front, shoulders square, the whole y position easy and elastic. HALT. As in quick time. Volunteers must also bo practised in changing the pace without halting, from quick to double anrl from double to quick. THIRD DRILL. Section 1. File Marching. Volunteers should never be required to march any dis- tance in files, in close order, except when extending from " the Halt ;" it is not therefore necessarv for them to attain great accuracy in this difficult movement. The movements described in sections 2 and 3 of this drill are taught in files, as they will be found hereafter to apply also to fours. TO THE RIGHT ^ (or left)- > As already described. FACE. 3 I .11 15. er while the rear, right file , without g- \g placed, will form they pre- Important [)ff with a ches), the smoothly the whole nging the om double ;h any d la- ding from u to attain iiovements taught in o to fours. QUICK-MARCH. HALT— FRONT. On the word march, step off together with the left feet, one behind the other. In this march you must keep step, and take care to step off at once at a full pace. On the words Halt — Front, halt, and face to the original front. Volunteers while marching to the front in line should also be taught to turn to the right (or left) into file as follows : On the word Turn, which should be given as the left foot is coming^ to the ground, turn the body at right angles to the direction in which you have been moving, and move on at once, without checking the pace, in the new direction in file. On the word Turn, which should be given as the right foot is coming to the ground, turn again to the front and move ^ on without checking the pace in line. squad. TO THE right— TURN. SQUAD. FRONT-TURN. BY THE RIGHT (or LEFT.) SQUAD. TO THE LEFT- TURN. SQUAD. FRONT—TURN. BY THE RIGHT (or Volunteers will turn to the left in like manner, the word being given as the right foot is coming to the ground, after which they will turn to the front, the word being given as the left foot is coming to the ground. left). A volunteer will always turn to the right, on the left foot ; and to the left on the right foot. If the word turu is not given as the proper foot is coming to the ground, the volunteer will move on one pace more and then turn. Section 2. Wheeling in Files. The squad, when marching in file, must be taught to wheel in eithev direction, files following successively without in- creasing or diminishing the distance from each other ; in this movement each file will make its separate wheel on -a pivot moveable in a small degree, with- out altering the cadence of the march, but lengthening the pace a little with the outward foot. Right (or Left^ Wheel 16 Front Form- Squad. Forward or Halt- Dress. Section 3. Files Forming Squad. When a squad is in files, and tho original right file is leading, it is called right in front, the direction in which the men are facing is then called the front, their left which was the original front, is termed the pivot flank ; their right tha reverse flank. When the original left file is leading, the squad is called left in fiont, right is then the pivot, and left the reverse flank. To the Front in Quick Time. — When the squad marching in files ia ordered to form to the front, the lead- ing file will mark time ; the remaining files, when right is in front, will turn to the left, and wheel to the right, look- ing to the outward flank and feeling inwards, as described in section 4 of the Second Drill. As soon as the quarter circle is com- pleted, the word Forward will be given, if the march is to be continued, or Hcdt- ^ Dress, if the squad is to be halted. To the Front in Dovhle Time When a squad marching in files, right in front, is required to form to the front, in double time, the leading file will move on steadily in quick time, the remainder \rill make a half turn to the left, double up to their places, and take up the quick time suc- cessively as they arrive in line with the leading file. f To the Pivot Flank. — A squad will form '■ to the pivot flank, the original front, simply by halting and fronting as already described. To the Eeverse Flank. — When march- ing in file, right in front, at this word of command, the leading file will turn to the right, take two paces to his front and halt ; the remainder of the squad will form on the left of the right file in succession. In Double Time, Front Form-Squad. HAL-P-FRONT. \ 6S THE LGADIMQ FILE, BIGHT FOKM BQUAD. '$ w form that as it RIOl ( J SQU V man V nun: Thr ■thei E the witl 1 and 17 ight file is a in which • left which ank ; their left file is is then the Time. — in files is the lead- remaining will turn ight, look- md feeling }n 4 of the cle is com- 1 be given, }d, or Halt- ilted. me. — When ht in front, tt, in double ) on steadily \fill make a up to their i. time suc- ne with the ad will form jinal front, J as already hen march- b this word e will turn to his front the squad right file in ON Tnu LKADIN'O FlliP;, KICillT AllOIJT FOJtM-SQUAD. To the Ru/ht Ahoiif. — At this word the loading file will wheel to the right about, and take two paces to tlie front after wheeling ; the remainder of the squad will march on in files, wheeling to the right on tho spot where the leading file has wheeled, forming to tho. right by succes- sive files, as already described. When marching in files, loft in front, a squad will be formed to tlie front, to the pivot flank, to the reverse fiank, that is the left, or to the left about, on tho same principle as it is formed when the right is in front. Section 4. The Side or Closing Step. On the word March, each volunteer will turn his eyes slightly to the right, and will carry his right foot as far as the foot of tho man next to him, and instantly bring up his left heel to tho right ; he will then ])roceed to take the next step in like man- ner. The direction must be kept in a straight line to the flank. During the side step, the touch must be kept to the closing flank. At the word Halt, the volunteers will bring their heels together, turn their 1^ eyes to the front, and remain steady. Volunteers will be practised in closing to the left in like manner. Volunteers will also be practised in taking any named number of paces to either flank, the word to be given thus. Three Paces Eight Close, Qidck-'IIarch, no word Halt is then required. moHT cr.osR. QI'ICK- MAUCU. < SQUAD-HALT. A 'Before dismissing the squad, when this drill is perfect, the volunteers should be warned to assemble the next time with their rifles in their hands. FOURTH DEILL. Section 1. Manual Exercise. This drill applies equally to corps armed with the long and short rifle. i i«e. ARMS. < 18 The volunteers will fall in ns usual, with their rifles in their right hands, and will first be taught to stand with their arms at the shoulder as follows :— The rifle when at the Shoulder is to be carried in the right hand at the full extent of the arm, close to the side ; guard to the front, with the forefinger and thumb round it, the remaining fingers under the cock ; the upper part of the barrel close in to the hollow of the shoulder. Th«y will then be taught the following movements :— Seize the rifle with the left hand at the lowest band, raising it a few inches by slightly bending the right arm, but with- out moving the barrel from the shoulder, SECUKB. J and slip the thumb of the right hand under the cock, bringing the fingers under the guard to the front, and slanting down- wards ; both arms close to the body ; left hand square with the left elbow. Pass the rifle round to the left side, and cant the butt to the left rear, with the right hand, bringing the rifle under the arm ; then drop the right hand to the right side. The cock to bo close up under the armpit, the barrel to be uppermost, the muzzle slanting downwards to the right front ; the rifle to be firmly grasped with the left hand, which is to be rather below the hip ; the left elbow a little to the rear ; the lock not to be visible. ^.B. In marching or standing at ease, the right hand is to grasp the rifle above the lowest band, the sling or stock to rest on the left arm, and the left hand to lay hold of the right arm above the wrist. Carry the rifle to the right side with the left hand, and seize it with the fore- finger and thumb of the right hand round the guard (remaining fingers under the cock) at the full extent of the arm with- out constraint, the left hand to steady it in-the shoulder, arm close to the body. TWO. Bring the left hand to the left side. TWO, i 2nd. SHOULDER, ARMS. I I I ''I 10 Srd. ORDER->UUS. TWO. FIX BAYONETS. SHOULDER ARMS. TWO. 6th. PRESENT ARJUS. r Seize the rifle with the left hand, thumb I and fingers round the piece, the little -{ finger in lino with the point of the right ] shoulder, but without moving the barrel \^ thorcfrjjra, arm close to the body. Slip the rifle down with the left hand as low as the left arm will admit, keeping the arD> and rifle close to the body, and with the right hand, which is to seize the rifle between the bands, place the butt ■{ quietly on the ground even with the toe of the right foot, bringing the left hand at the same instant to the left side ; the right arm to be slightly bent, the thumb round the barrel, pressed against the thigh, , Qngers slanting towards the ground. 1st. At the word Fia, place the thumV of the right hand, as quick as possible, behind the barrel. 2nd. As soon as the word of command is fully given, take a gripe of the firelock, and push the muzzle a little forward, grasping the bayonet with the left hand, the elbow kept well forward, so as not to interfere with the left-hand man, and fix- ing it with the utmost celerity. The in- stant this is done, return, as quick aa possible, to the Order as above described, ^ and stand perfectly steady. f Raise the rifle with a smart jerk of the I right hand, and seize it as described in the position "at the shoulder;" at the same time seize the rifle also with the left hand in line with the elbow to steady it \^ in the shoulder, arm close to the body. Bring the left hand to the left side. -{ Seize the rifle with the left hand as ia the first motion of " JSccure Arms,^ no II ill I -i >x\ ■ \ I'l ' i; i 111 TWO. TIIREB. 7a 8H0ULDER- ABUS. TWO. Sth. POUT-AIIMS. TWO. Rnlso tho riflo with the right hand per- [)en(licularly from thu sliouldcr to tha jxrise, |jriiiL':iiic: it in IVcit (W tho cfiitri.' of tho body, lock to tlu' front ; nt tho same time \ placo tho loft hand .-niartly on tlio stock ' with thu tingors^iioinling upwards, tlio tiumd) ch)so to the fortTniger, tlio i)ointiii lino witli tiio mouth, tho wrist on tho trig- ger guard, tho loft elbow close to tho » utt, the right elbow and butt close to th' ^ d.ly. Bring the rifle down with pq'ii k nution as low as the right hand wiH adii't \' i.hout constraint, guard to die froin, an i ginsp it with the left hand, the llttit lingerto'sching tho j)rojection abc i o the lock plat», thumb betwcon stock and barrel, at the same time ■{ draw back tho light foot so that the hol- low of it may touch tho left heel ; lightly holding the small of the bult with the right hand, fingers pointing rather downwards ; the riflo in this position to be totally sup- ported with the left hand, close in front of and opposite the centre of tho body. Bring the rifle to tho right side, and seize it with tho right hand, tho thumb and forefinger round the guard at tho full ex- tent of tho arm, remaining fingers under the cock, bringing tho left hand square with the left elbow and the right foot to its original position, both arms close to the body. Bring the left hand smartly to tho left side. C TV? finv)o v.'^ the first motion of ^'Secure \ Ann ?." i^iiii^ tho rifle in the left hand to a diagonal position across the body, lock to the front, and seize tho small of the butt at once with the right hand, thumb and •{ fingers round the stock, the left wrist to be opposite the left breast, both elbows close to the body, the muzzle slanting upwards, < •iglit liand por- ler to thojmise, ; ct'iitif of tlio I lie saino tiino y oil tlio stock upwards, tlio ')', tlio point ill 'i-it on tho trig- oso to tho ' !.itt J30 to tl' ' '.I'.ly. rq-. kn.ition aJu 't hout 111, nnJ ^a.nspit linger touching ek plat», thumb it tho sauio time io that tho hol- ft heel ; lightly It with tho right ler downwards ; be totally sup- I, close in front ) of tho body, right side, and , tho thumb and 1 at tho full ex- 5 fingers under jft hand square he right foot to 1 arms close to f to the left side. )tion of ^'Semre left hand to a le body, lock to nail f>f the butt ind, tliuuib and a loft wrist to b© >th elbows close lUting upwards. so that the barrel may cross opposite tha point ol tho loft shoulder. ^ ( )n the word Dai/oneta, the front-rank raon wii' make a right half-face, the right toes to point to the right, the left full to tho front, and bring 'lown the riHo to ^Ih. nearly a horizontal position at the right ciiAKOE- •{ side, with tho muzzle inclining a little ■AvoNBTs. upwards, the right wrist to rest against the hollow of tho thigh belov^ the hip, the thumb of the right hand pointing to the muzzle. The rear-rank men will stand still, remaining at the " Port." Whenever a company in line charges with bayonets, the \rhole are in the first instance to advance in quick time with shouldered arm>s ; at the command Prepare to Charge, the rifles of the front rank will be brought to the long trail, and those of the rear rank t the slope ; at the word Charge, the rifies of the front^ rank will be brought to the charging position, and the pu^e increased to the double march, carefully avoiding too mu h hurry. On the word halt, both ranks will halt and shou der arms. Raise the rifie to a perpendicular posi- tion at the right side, and oize it with right hand as described in the position " at the shoulder," at tho same time face to the front, the left hand holding the piece above the lowest band squaro with the ^ left elbow, both arms square ti > the body. Bring the left hand to tho le:t side. ( The same as the first motioa of " iSe- (cure Arms.'* Bring the rifle on to the left shoulder, muzzle slanting to the roar, an seize it with the left hand,the first two joiits of tho fingers grasping tho butt, thumb alone on the heel of it, the guard pressed gently against tho shoulder, loft elbow close to the side. Bring the right hand down to tKe right side. lOth. SHOULDBR- ARUS. TWO. nth. SLOrK-AKMS. TWO. HKEE. !! I V\W 12th. STAND AT EASB. 13th. ATTENTION. Uth. CABBY-ARMS. TWO THREE. 15th. ORDEB-ARMS. IQth. VNFIX BAYONETS. % n. Bring the right hand smartly across the body and place it on the left hand, thumbs of both hands to be on the heel of the butt, that of the left nearest to the lock ; at the same time move the left foot six inches to the front, with the toes pointing to the left front (feet separated), the left knee to be slightly bent, the greater part of the weight of the body to be brought . on the right leg : no constraint. Bring the left foot back in lino with the right, and the right hand smartly to the right side. ( Seize the small of the butt with the (right hand. Bring the rifle to the right side and seize it as described in the position " at the shoulder," carrying the left hand ^ across the body to steady it. Drop the left arm to the left side. [ As already detailed. At the word Unjia!, slip the thumb of the right hand in rear of the bjtrrel ; at the last sound of the word Bayonet, force the muzzle a little forward, bring the left hand smartly to the upper loop, the thumb pointing upwards. Seize the socket of the bayonet between the forefinger and thumb of the right hand, pressing the spring back with the first joint of the finger, the back of the knuckle of the second joint being at the same time placed against the bow; raise the bayonet to disengage it from the spring, and when it is as high as the turn, twist it to the left to disengage it from the muzzle ; let the bow fall over the thumb, and the two forefingers on the top of tlio sook(;t, with the left hand force the luiizzlo of the fire- lock back to its proper position ; at the same instant bring the thumb of the left 2ftc across the nd, thumbs leul of the ) the lock ; ft foot six ea pointing d), the left reater part be brought t. line with smartly to t with the t side and •sition " at left hand side. i thumb of bftrrei; at ■yonet, force ing the left , the thumb J socket of efinger and ressing the int of the skle of the time placed bayonet to nd when it to the loft ;le ; let the d the two oc'ket, with of tho fne- on ; at the of the left 11th STAND AT- EASE. SHOULDER- AKMS. TWO. TRAIL-ARMS. TWO. TRAIL-ARMS. " CHANGE ARMS. CHANGE ARMS. I hand on the top of the scabbard, -for tho I purpose of guiding the bayonet into it ; I and bring the right hand fcmartly to [ the position of ordered arms. Push thft muzzle of the rifle to the front with the right hand, arm close to the side, at the same time move the left foot six inches to the front, the knee slightly bent, and the principal weight of the body resting on the right leg, as described in Drill I. Section 2. Trailing Arms. ,-. •.;..• From ordered arms, bring the rifle to a horizontal position at the right side, hold- ing it with the right hand behind the lower band (thumb and fingers round the ^ piece) at the full extent of the arm. Raise the rifle to a perpendicular position at the right 8ide,and seize it with the right hand as described in the position " at the shoulder," the left h.md holding the piece above the lowest band square with the left ^ elbow, both arms close to the body. Bring the left hand to the left side. Seize the rifle with the left hand, little finger in line with the elbow, arm close to the body. C Raise the right hand and seize the rifle I below the lowest band, thumb and fingers J round it ; then bring the rifle down to a I horizontal position at the full extent of I the arm, and at the same time bring tho ( left hand to the left side. I Bring the rifle to a perpendicular posi- I tion at the right side, and seize it with J the left hand close above the sight, and I carry it round to the left side, bringing it I to a horizontal position at the full extent [^ of the arm. \ Bring the rlflo in like manner back to ( the right ssdc. 24 N! a ORDER ARMS. i BriDg the rifle to a perpendicular posi- tion at the right side, placing the butt quietly on the ground, and come to the position of " order arais." Volunteers will also be taught these movements, judging their own time, in the same manner as they have been taught the facings. When volunteers are required to go through the manual exercise at a review, they will perform it judging their own time. If the platoon exercise is to follow, the three last commands will be omitted, viz., Order Armsy Unfix Bay- onets, Stand at Ease. The platoon exercise will be per- formed with fixed bayonets. Section 3. Marching toith Arms. The volunteers will then be practised, with their arms, in marching and turning, in quick and double time. In turning to the right about with trailed arms, they will bring the rifle to a perpendicular position on the first step of the turn, and trail again on the fourth. When moving the trailed arms, at the word Salt, arms are to be ordered, and when the men are at the halt, with ordered arms, on the words Quick or DoMe March being given, arms are to be trailed, as they step ofl^, without any command to that effect. If volunteers are required to move a named number of paces backward or forward, or to move to a flank by the side step, when at ordered arms, the rifle is merely to be raised from the ground, the barrel being kept close to the shoulder ; this positiou of the rifle is called the short tmil. In ordering arms from any position, the greatest care is to be taken to prevent the rifle falling on, or striking the ground, and it is not to be unnecessarily shaken in perform- ing any of the motions c^ the manual exercise. Section 4. Method of Piling Arms, For this practice the squad will be formed in two ranks or lines, one behind the other, the rear rank a pace and a half (45 inches) from the front rank, measuring from the heels of one rank to the heels of the other. It will then be told off from right to left, the front-rank men only call- ing out the numbers, but the rear-rank men equally attend- ing to and remembering theoi. i 20 < PILE-ARMS. r At the word Pile, the front rank will draw back their riglit feet in order to face to the riglit about ; at the word Arms, the front rank will face about, bringing their rifles with tliem to ordered arms ; the whole will then place the butts of their rifles between their feet, locks from them, barrels to the right, after which the right file rear rank and the left file front rank will incline their rifles towards each other, and cross ramrods. The front-rank man of the right file will then seize the rifle of the front-rank man of the left file, with his left hand, round the muzzle, bearing it from him, and with the right hand he will pass his own ramrod between the ramrods, and muzzles of the two firelocks already crossed ; the left file rear rank will then lodge his rifle between the muzzles of the rifles of the front rank, sling uppermost. When there isan odd file, that is a right file without a left file, each man of the file will lodge his rifle against the pile nearest . his right hand. STAND CLEAR. ( Ranks take a pace of ten inches back- ( wards and face towards the pivot flank. Ranks facing towards the pivot flank, will face inwards and close on their arms by taking a pace of ten inches forward. At the word Unpile, seize the rifle with the right hand under t^e top band, front rank at the same time drawing back their right feet in order to face to the right about ; at the word Amis, unlock the ramrods without hurry, by inclining the butts inwards, and come to ordered I arms, the front rank will thon front. It is necessary to be careful in piling and unpiling arms to prevent damage being done to the ramrods and sights. Odd numbers are right files, even numbers left files, as already described, cxce[)ting when the left file of the squad STAND TO. UNPILE-AEMS. < 26 I ■I iPlii I'HI I! I i I is an odd number, in which case it will be a left file, and the left file but one, though an even number, will be a right file ; the third file from the left of the squad will then be called an odd file, that is a right file without a left file. Should there be a blank file, that is a front-rank man with- out a rear-rank man, it will invariably be placed the third from the leffc. FIFTH DEILL. a Section 1. Platoon Exercise. PLATOON EXERCISE BT MOTIONS. STANDING. AS A FRONT (or rear) RANK. PREPARE TO . LOAD, TWO. LOAD. To serve as a caution, the squad stand- ing with shouldered arms. From the 'shoulder. — Seize the rifle as described in the first movement of " order " arms," and make a half face to the right, left toes pointing to the front, right toes . to the right, eyes to the front. As a front rank. — Carry the left foot ten inches to the left front in a diagonal direction, carrying the body with it. At a rea/r rank. — Carry the left foot six in- ches to the front, moving the body with I it, shoulders to be square to the front. Bring the rifle down in the left hand, and place the butt quietly on the ground against the inside of the left foot, barrel to the front ; at the same time slip up the left hand, and seize the rifle round the nose cap, thumb pointing to the muzzle, arm close to the side; carry the right hand at once to the pouch (elbow to the rear), take up a cartridge, holding it with the forefiDger and thumb close to the top, with the bullet in the palm of the hand. Bring the cartridge to the forefinger and thumb of the left hand, and carefully tear off" the end without spilling the powder, then replace the finger and thumb as be- fore. 27 TWO. THREE. FOUR. ROD. TWO. Bring the cartridge to the muzzle, and pour the powder into the barrel, turning the elbow up, and palm of the hand to the . front. Reserve the cartridge by turning the knuckles to the front, and put the bullet in the barrcL nearly as far as the top, still holding the paper close above the bullet, ^ elbow up. By a turn of the wrist from left to right, and dropping the elbow into the side, tear oflf the paper ; when this motion is com- pleted, the little finger is to rest against the side of the barrel, the knuckles in- clining towards the ground. ( Seize the head of the ramrod between FIVE. } the forefinger and thumb, knuckles to- { wards the body. Force the ramrod up and seize it in the middle between the first two fingers and thumb of the right hand, the remaining fingers to be closed In the hand, knuckles towards the body, elbow as high as the wrist. Draw the ramrod straight out, turn it over towards the front, and place the head of it on the bullet, still holding the ram- rod with the two first fingers and the thumb, the remaining fingers closed in the hand, knuckles to the front, elbow near to the ramrod, shoulders square. Force the bullet down till the second HOME. ■{ finger touches the barrel, bringing the elbow close to the body. Slip the right hand up to the point of the ramrod, and seize it between the first TWO. ■{ two fingers and thumb, knuckles to the front, the arm to be kept as close to the ^ ramrod as possible. S Force the bullet steadily to the bottom, bringing the elbow down close in to the b»dy, inclining the knuckles to the right. • ;,K 28 I' ic iMi II I ill roun. RBTDBN. TWO. CAP. TWO. TBRHB. FOUR, FIVE. ^ By two Arm pressures, raising the I ramrod about one inch on each occasion, •\ ascertain that the bullet is resting on the powder ; all sirokos which may indent the [ point of the bullet to be carefully avoided. ( Draw up the ramrod and seize it in the ( middle as in the first motion of the " rod." Draw the ramrod straight out, turn it over, the point towards the front, and put it into its place, pressing it towards the body in so doing to prevent the point catching the band, raise the ri^ht hand, place the second joint of the forefinger on the head of the ramrod and force it home ; then seize it between the second joint of the forefinger and thumb, .and slip the left hand down at the same instant to its full extent and seize the rifle. (^ Turn the shoulders and body a half face j to the right withnut moving the feet,bring the rifle to the right side, in a horizontal position, with the left hand, which will grasp it behind the lower band, thumb between stock and barrel ; at the same time meet the small of the butt with the right hand, fingers behind the trigger guard, half cock the rifle with the tiiumb, left arm close to the body. As a front rank, the small of the butt must be press- ed against the hip ; as a rear rank, four ^ inches above it. ( Advance the fingers to the nipple, and \ with the forefinger throw ofi^ the old cap. (Carry the hand to the cap pocket, and take up a cap between the forefinger and I thumb, the remaining fingers to be closed L in the hand, elbow to the rear. 5 Put the cap straight upon the nipple, \ looking to the front after doing so. Press the cap home with the flat part of the thumb, with the fingers closed in the hand atid against the lock plate. 29 raising the ach occasion, sting on the ay indent the uUy avoided, eize it in the f the "rod." out, turn it ront, and put towards the it the point ri^ht hand, forefinger on •rco it home ; lond joint of 1 slip the left nt to its full ly a half face le feet,bring a horizontal which will }and, thumb at the same 3 butt with 1 the trigger the thumb. As a front ust be press- ' rankf four nipple, and he old cap. pocket, and efinger and to be closed • the nipple, gso. le flat part s closed in plate. SIX. AT — YDS. READY. \ Bring the hand to the ** small " of the butt, and hold it lightly with the fingers behind the trigger guat'd, thumb pointing to the muzzle. Carry the right hand to the sight, and with the forefinger and thumb adjust the sliding bar, placing the top even with the line, or to the place that indicates the elevation necessary for the distance named ; then raise the flap without a jerk, from the top, if required ; after which bring the hand back to the small of the butt, and full ccck the rifle, and hold it lightly with the fingers behind the trigger guard, thumb pointing to the muzzle, and fix the eye steadfastly on some object in front. Bring the rifle to the shoulder, carrying it well to the front, so as to clear the body as it goes up, keeping a firm hold of it behind the lower band with the left hand ; raise the right elbow as high as the shoulder and a little forward ; press the butt against the shoulder with the left hand, and bring the left elbow well under the rifle to form a support ; hold the butt lightly with the right hand, the muzzle pointing a few inches below the object which the eye is fixed on, the forefinger along the outside ^ of the trigger guard, and the left eye closed. It is very important that the volunteer be well practised in bringing his rifle to the " Present," the instructor will therefore cause him frequently to repeat the motion as above described, directing him to bring the rifle down again to the right side at the words, as you were. Place the forefinger round the trigger like a hook, that part of it between the first and second joint to rest flat on the . trigger, and restrain the breathing. Raise the muzzle steadily until the top the fore-sight is brought in a line with the object through the bottom of the PRESENT. TWO. THREE. V. "'I [^ notch of the back-sight. 80 ! { ii tlljiillli FOUR. ( Press the trigger without the least jerk or motion of the hand, eye, or arm until the cock falls upon the nipple, keeping the eye still firmly fixed upon the object. \ I FIVE. Bring the rifle to the capping position, and shut down the flap, but without moving the sliding bar, and immediately seize the rifie with the right hand close in front of the left, fore arm close to the barrel ; and after a pause, taking the time ^ from the right, turn the barrel at once downwards, and bring the rifle to a per- pendicular position opposite the right breast in the right hand, then seize it with the left hand at the nose cap, and come to the position of " prepare to load," second motion. »» The volunteer should always be taught to aim at some s iive object when bringing his rifle to the " Present ;" lor t\^ s purpose small bulls'-eyes should be painted on a wall or fence, one above another, two and four feet from \:he ground, and at lateral distances of three feet; they should be white, the size of a centres the size of a shilling. crown piece, with blac k Particular attention is to be given to the following points, in the *• Present," the body is to be firm and up- right, the butt to be pressed firmly into the hollow of the shoulder, the rifle to be held firmly in the left hand, the sight to be upright, and in aiming, the muzzle to be steadily raised, until the top of the fore-sight is aligned upon the object on which the right eye is fixed, through the bottom of the notch of the back-sight, the left eye being closed and the breathing restrained. In delivering the fire, the trigger is to be moved by pressure alone, without any motion of the hand, eye, or elbow ; the right eye to continue fixed on the object after snapping, to ascertain if the aim has been deranged by the movement of the trigger or body. least jerk ' arm until eeping the object. ig position, without nmediately land close ose to the g the time el at once e to a per- the right »n seize it cap, and re to load," im at some * Present ;" tinted on a • feet from feet; they vith blac k following m and iip- ilow of the ; hand, the zzle to be is aligned d, through le left eye delivering >ure alone, ; the right apping, to movement SHOULDER ABMS. TWO. OBDBa ARXS. < if 81 SeotioH 2. To Shoiilder and Order from the "-tpping Position. To Shoulder. — At the word shoulder, bring the left foot back to the right. At the word arms, turn upon the heels to the front, at the same time bring the rifle to its place at the shoulder, seizing it with . the right hand. Drop the loflb hand to the side. To Order. — At the word "order,*^ bring the left foot back to the right, and seize the rifle with the right hand close in front of the left; fore-arm close to the barrel. At the word arms, face to the front, and with the right hand place the butt quietly on the ground, and drop the left arm to the left side, in the position at ordered arms, explained in the manual exercise. SeetioH 3. To Load from the Order. When required to load from the " Order," on the words Prepa/re to Load, the volunteer will make a half face to the right, as in loading from the shoulder, moving his rifle with the body. On the word Two, he will bring his rifle with the right hand to the loading position, seizing it at the nose cap with the left hand ; in all other respects he will proceed as already described. Section 4. To coma to the " Beady.** From the Shoiilder. — Make a right half face, the left foot to point to the front, the right foot to the right, at the same time seize the rifle with the left hand, the little finger in line with the right elbow. Bring the rifle to a horizontal position at the right side, grasping it firmly with the left hand behind the lowest band, thumb between the stock and barrel, left arm close to the body ; ^as a front rarjc the small of the butt must be pressed against the hip; as a rear rank, four inches above it. Then carry the left foot, as a froni rank, ten inches to the hf£t (jront ▲s A raoNT (or reap) SANK AT — YARDS. BBADTi TWO. I ! i' ; l9 m I,: I iii ^ ^ i 1 11 iiS A FRONT (or rear) RANK AT — YARDS. READY. TWO. in a diagonal direction, carrying the body with it', as a rear rank, six inches to tho front, moving the body with it, and pro- ceed as already described in the " Ready," page 28. From the Order. — Make a right half face as before described, carrying the rifle round with the body. S Bring the rifle to a horizontal position at the right side, grasping it with the left hand, and proceed as above described. Section 5, To Fire and Ri~load Kneeling. FIRE AS A FRONT (or rear) rank kneeling at; — YARDS. BEADY. PRESENT. TWO. THREE. FOUR. Sink down on the right knee ; as a front ran\ the knee should be 6 inches to the right, and 12 to the roar of the left heel ; as a rea/r rank, 12 inches to the right and 12 to the rear of the left heel; the right foot upright and under the body, bod ;' resting on the heel, the lower part of tb.e lefib leg nearly perpendicular, at the same time bring the rifle down to the ready position, adjust the sight, and cock ^ as already described. ( As when standing, except that the left \ elbow is placed on the knee to form a I support, the weight of the body still on (. the right foot. \ As already explained when standing. Front Rank. BiiDg the rifle down to the capping position, at the same time raise the body off the right heel, e .J place the lett fore-arm square on the left thigh six inches be- Itear Rank. Bring the rifle dovrn to the capping position, at the same time raise the body off the right heel, and place- the left fure-arm square on the left kuec; then shut u ig the body ches to tho t, and pro- " Ready," right half ing the rifle position at ith the left escribed. Ing. i ; as a front iches to the le left heel ; o the right 't heel; the r the body, B lower part cular, at the lown to the it, and cock that the left ) to form a ody still on standing. r Eank. he rifle down ping positior), (\e time raise off the light place dhe left quare on the i then shut I bind the knee ; then shut down the flap without a Joric, and return the FIVE. LOAD. TWO. THRKB. FOU&. FIVE. CAP. 1 hand to the small ol the butt. After a pause come to the position uf '♦prepare to load," by carrying the rifle in both hands round in front of the left teg, turning the barrel downwards at the same time, and with the left hand passing the butt close by the body over the right heel to the left rear to the extent { of the left arm, meeting it at the same time with the right hand, the thumb in lln« with the muzzle, then seize the rifle with the left hand at the nose cap, after- wards '3arry the right baud to the pouch and proceed as already de< \ scribed. down the flap withotit a jerk, and return tho hand to the small of the butt ; and after a pause come to the position of "prepare to load," bj turning the rifle over in the left hand and placlnK the butt on th« ground, lock uppermost, under the shin of the right leg of the frontrranK man of the file on the right, meeting the barrel with the ri^t hand thumb In line with the muzzle, which is to be as high and In a line with the right shoulder, pdntlng to the rear, then seize the rifle with the left hand at the nose cap, afterwards carry the right hand to the pouch and proceed as already described. Afl already explained ' when fltandlng. With the left hand raise the butt over the right heel, dose by the body, in a slanting di- rection, until the loft elbow is brought In front of the hip, at the same time dropping the right hand to the right side, then bring the rifle round In front of the left leg, to a horizontal position at the right side, and the shoulders to the right half face, placing the left fore -arm at once square on the thigh six inches behind the knee, As already expUdnod when standing. With tho left hand bring the rifle to a hori- zontal position at tho light side, muzzle to the front, and let the body resume the right half-face, place the bft fore-arm at omw square on the left kn^e, at the same time aaeet the small of tiie butt with the right hand, and hold it lightly wUh the fingers behind the guard. aLd half cock the rifle, the thumb to remain on the cock; the rifle to bo grasped with the left '1 M g up in like :icne seize tho lose in front of IMS, proceed as ' ordering from ng. Quick Time. ht by motions, repeating the xercise in slow will make n first, rear- n^ards; they lie comes to nake ready, after which ependently. •ing in the '0 the first waiting till )aded ; but in one line n 87 f On this word each file will complete its I loading, and " shoulder arms ;" if any CEASE FIRING, -j man has "made ready," he will half cock his rifle ; the rear-rank men will resume ^ their proper dista-.se as they shoulder. As a general rule it will be advisable, when firing vol- leys or file firing, to direct the front rank to fire kneeling. Section 6. The Formation of Fours. SQUAD, FOURS — DEEP. SQUAD FRONT. SQUAD, FOURS — ABOUT. SQUAD FRONT. SQUAD FOURS — RIGHT. SQUAD FRONT. SQUAD, FOURS —LEFT. On the word deep, the left files will double behind the right files by taking a pace to the rear with their left feet, and a pace to the right with their right feet. On the word /ron#, the left files will move up in line with the right files, by taking a pace to the left with their left feet, and a pace to the front with their right feet. On the word about, the whole squad will face to the right-about, and the left files will double in the proper rear of the light files, by taking a place to the front with the right feet, and a pace to the left with their left feet. On the word front, the whole squad will face to the right about and re-form two deep, as already described. On the word right, the squad will face to the right, and the left files will form on the right of the right files, by taking one pace to the right with their right feet, and one pace to the front with their left feet. On the word front, the squad will face to the left and re-form two deep, as al- ready described. On the word left, the squad will face to the left, and the left files will form on the left of the right files, by taking one pace to the left with their left feet and one pace to the rear with their right feet. u ■ M 'll\ SQUAD-FRONT. 38 On the word front, the squad will face to the right and re-form two deep, as already described. By the arrangement of the odd and blank files, when such occur, as explained in Section 4 of the Fourth Drill, the left four of a squad or company will always be complete. The squad will be practised to form fours on the march. In these formations the left files will move precisely in the same manner as they do when forming from the halt, the right files marking time two paces to enable them to do so. When forming fours to a fiank, the volunteers will turn instead of facing. When advancing or retiring, the words of command for forming four deep will be, fours deep, and for forming two deep, form two deep. When moving to a flank in fours, on the words, front (or rear)-tum, the vol- unteers will turn as ordered, and then form two deep without further word of command. A squad moving to a flank in fours may be ordered to form two deep, on which the left files will fall back or step up to their places in file ; and at the word /orm/>ur deep. the left files will resume their places in fours. S. 7. — Wheeling in Fours, and filming Squad from Fours. Wheeling.— K squad taking ground to a flank by fours, will wheel to the right or left, in the same manner as it wheels in files, each four wheeling successively round the same point. Forming to the Front When a squad taking ground to a flank by fours is ordered to form to the front, the lead- ing file will mark time, the remainder will turn, if right is in front, to the left, if left is in front, to t'.e right, form two deep, and proceed as described in Section 4 of this Drill. Forming to the Reverse Flank or to the Bight or Left ahmt, — When a squad is ordered to form to the reverse flank, or to the right or left about, it will at once form two deep, and then proceed as described in Section 4 of this Drill. Section 8.—^ Squad formed in Fours closing on a Flankt and Re-forming Two Deep. A squad having formed four deep must be taught to close on the right or left ; the four men on the named flank stand- ing fast, the remainder closing on them . by the side #ep. on the right (or left) close. quick -MARCH. 89 FROM THE BIGHT (or LEFT,) RE- FORM TWO DEEP. QUICK -MARCH. In re-forming two deep, on the wora* quick-mwtch, the four men on the nameC: flank will stand fast, the remainder will open out from them by the side step, and the left files will move up to their places in line in succession as the intervals are ^ opened for them. These formations must also be practised during the march; on the words on the right {or left,) close, the files on the named flank will continue to march straight to their front, with a short pace, the remainder will close oa them by the diagonal march. On the words /rom the right {or left,) re-form two deep, the four men on the named flank will continue to march to the front with a short pace, the remainder will incline outwards, and the left files will move up into the intervals, in succession, as they are opened for them. A large squad or company may in like manner be taugh^ to close on its centre, and re-form two deep from the centre, SEVENTH DRILL. S. 1.— General Rvlesfor Fxtmding in Skirmishing Order, I. The volunteers will next be taught the following movements, which are necessary in skirmishing :— II. An intelligent man should be placed in the centre of the squad for these movements. III. In extdnding, as a general rule, it is the business of the rear-rank man of each (ile to regulate the distance, and of the front-rank man to look to the direction. IV. The number of paces that files are to extend from each other may be specified in the caution by the com- mander thus : — three paces from the right-extend. When no number is specified, six paces will be the regulated dis- tance between files. V. Men in extended order may be directed to increase the distance between their files any given number of paces, from either flank, the centre, or any named file. The com- mp/ud will be given thus, to eight paces from the right- extend; if no number of paces is specified, or if the bugle sound the extend, the skirmishers >vill open out one-half more than their original extension ; thus, if they are at six paces distance, they will open to nine. 40 n illtt on the right (left, CENTUE, or Iso — file)- CLOSE. A squad may be extended from the right file, left file, or centre file, or from any other named file. Section 2. Exiendinc/ from the Halt. FROM THE f On the word Extend, the file on the , RIGHT, (left I named flank, or the centre or named file, CENTRE, or ^ will kneel down, the remainder will shoul- No — file)- J der arms, face outwards, and extend ia extend. y quick time. The front-rank men will move direct to the flank, cover- ing correctly on the march, the rear-rank men will cast their eyes over the inward shoulder, and tap their respective front-rank men, as a signal to halt, front, and kneel, when the} have gained their proper distances. Section 3. Closing on the Halt. On the word Closet the file on the named flank, or the centre or named file, will raise, order arms, and stand at ease ; the remainder will rise, face towards it, and close at quick time, halting, fronting, ordering arms, and standing at ease, in succession, as they arrive at their places. The file on which the skirmishers close may be faced in an y direction ; the remainder will form upon it, facing in the same direction. Section 4. Extending on the March. On the word Extend, the file on the named flank, or the centre or named file, will continue to move straight forward in quick time ; the remainder will make a half turn from the flank from which they are ordered to extend, and move ofi" in double time. As soon as each file has extended to its proper distance, it will turn to its front and resume the quick time, the rear-rank men covering their front-rank men,and the whole keeping in line with the directing ,file. When a company, extending on the march, is halted before all the files are extended, the remainder will make a second half turn outwards into file, break into quick time, shoulder arms, and complete their extension as from the halt. FROM the RIGHT (left CENTRE, or No — filb)- EXTEND. 41 on the right (left, CENTRE, or No — file)- ADVANCB. Section 5. Closing on the March. On the word Close, the file on the named flank, or the centre or named file, will move steadily on in quick time ; the - remainder will make a half turn towards it and close in double time, turning to the front and resuming the quick time as they arrive at their place. When a company, closing on the march, is halted before all the files are closed, the remainder will make a second lialf turn inwards into file, break into quick time, and complete the formation as from the halt. Section 6. Advancing in Skirmishing Order. On the word Advance, the volunteers COMPANY- J will raise and step oflF in quick time ; with ADVANCE. I trailed arms, keeping their distances from [ the centre. Section 7. Retiring in Skirmishing Order. f On the word Retire, the volunteers COMPANY- j will rise, face to the right about, and step RETIRE. 1 off in quick time, rear-rank in front, keep- (. ing their distances from the centre. Volunteers in extended order will invariably face or turn to the right about, whether they are advancing, retiring, firing, or not firing. Section 8. Inclinina to a Flank. On the word Incline, the skirmishers will make a half turn to the flank to which they are ordered to incline, and move in a diagonal direction, until they are ordered to resume their original direction to the fi'ont or rear,by the word of command Ad- vance or Retire. If the skirmishers have made a half turn, and are again ordered to incline in the same direction, on the second word /ncZ/ne, they will complete the turn by making a second half turn, and will take ground to the flank in file. On the word halt, when volunteers are inclining, they halt, front, and kueel. To THE RIGHT (or LEFT, INCLINE. ADVANCE, or RETIRE. HALT. N |! ' li ^■ li I FRONT TO THE RIGHT 42 When inclining to the right, im, right file directs ; when inclining to the left, the left file directs. On the ■word advance or retire, the centre file resumes the direc- tion. Section 9. Skirmishers changing Front or Direction. 1. From the Halt. — A line of skirmishers halted, can change front on any two named files that may be placed as a base for the rest to form upon. A change of front in this manner may be made at any angle. CHANGE f On the caution the two named files will , V J rise, and the instructor will dress them ii» [pv left; on i ^^jg direction required ; as soon as they rpTTTJ' TWO • 1 1 ™ / are placed they will again kneel. RIGHT (or *^ JO left) files. On the word march, the whole will rise, and if all the files are to be thrown forward on a flank, they will make ahalf- ■ face inwards, and run across by the shortest way to their places in the new line, dressing on the two base files, as they successively halt, and then kneeling. If all the files are to be thrown back on either flank, they will turn round, move across and halt, front and kneel successively as they arrive at their places in the new line. If tl change is on two central files, part of the com- pany will be thrown forward and the rest back, as above described. On the March.— Pi line of skirmishers on the march may change its direction gradually, on the same principle as a com- pany wheels when in close order. On the word wheel, the pivot file will halt, and the remainder will circle round it, the front-rank men looking outwards for the dressing, and the rear-rank men keepnig I the distances from the pivot flank. DOl'BLE-- MARCII. SKIRMISHERS. RIGHT (or left) WHEEL. CC UI lirocts ; On the (lirec- tion. ed, can e placed e at any files -will them in as they hole will e thrown ,ke a half- by the i the new 5 files, as kneeling. her flank, ront and n the new the com- , as above kirmishers 9 direction B as a coni- rder. On ! will halt, und it, the •ds for the en keepuig ink. 48 On the word forward, the whole line POUWAUD. { will advance by the centre in the new direction. Section 10. Firing in Skirmishing Order. The men of a file nuist always work together ; both men should never be unloaded at the same time; they will fire alternately, commencing with the front-rank man. On broken ground the volunteers must take advantage of all cover, and when advancing or retiring they will run from one place of cover to another, the two men of each file keeping toget!i r and taking care not to get in the way of other files. When moving, the loaded man should al- ways be nearest to the enemy. Seetioti 11. Forming Rallying Square. The instructor will place an officer or man as a rallying point in front of the squad, facing the supposed enemy. He will then call out any two men from the ranks, and direct them to fall in on the right and luft of the rallying point, facing outwards ; then three more men, who will form in front of those posted, facing to the front ; then three more, who will form in rear of them, facing to the rear. The instructor will next cause four men to take post at the four angles, and others to complete the differ- ent faces of the square, and so on, till all the men are formed. Each man as he moves to his place will fix his bayonet. After this, the squad will be dispersed, and the rallying point being placed, the volunteers will be order- ed to form rallying square, on which they will run in, and form as above described : the great object is to form a compact mass as quickly as possible ; provided the vol- unteers crowd close together round the rallying point, and lace outwards, it matters little what places they take. Section 12. Preparing for Cavalry. When the square is to prepare for ca- valry, upon the word ready, the first and second rank will sink down at once upon the right knee, as a front and rear rank knoeling, in the manner prescribed when at the capping position, and ai; the same time they will place the butts c»f their ri- i u ^\ PREPARE FOR CAVALRY, BEADY. Acs on the ground against the inside of their right knees, locks turned upper- most, the muzzle slanting upwards, so that the point of the bayonet will be about the height of a horse's nose ; the left hand to have a firm grasp of the riflo immediately above the lowest band, the right hand holding the small of the butt, the left arm to rest upon the thigh about six inches in rear of the left knee. The third and fourth ranks will make ready as a front and rear rank standing. Muz- zles of riiles to be inclined upwards. The standing ranks will fire by files, and the kneeling ranks in volleys by word of , command. When the sides of the square are less than four deep* the front rank only will kneel. In this manner dispersed parties may be formed to re- sist an attack of cavalry in an open country, either in one or more squires, according as they may be more or loss dispersed ; each square consisting of any number of men. Every man will run to the nearest rallying point, but the larger the square the safer it will be. Section 13. Reforming Squad. "When the square is to be re-formed into a squad in line, the right or left hand H man will be placed facing the supposed I enemy, and the remainder of the men will (^ form upon him. EIGHTH DRILL. Section 1. Forming and JShimhering off the Companies. The company will fall in in two ranks with ordered arms, in the same manner as the squads have been taught. It will then number oflF from right to left, and will be divided into two subdivisions ; and four seciions, as near- ly as possible of equal strength. When one subdivision has a file more than the other, it will be the right subdivision ; if one section has a file more than the rest, it will be the first or right section ; RE-FORM SQUAD 45 side of upper- rds, so (viU be tse; the the riflo nd, the lie butt, h about J. The [Q ready Muz- d3. The and the yord of ur deep* d to re- er in one re or loss r of men. , but the e-formed left hand supposed men will pawes. ordered in taught, id will bo as near- e other, it has a file t section ; when two sections have a file more each than the other two, they will be the first and fourth, that is, the right and left sections. If three sections have a file each more than the remaining sect' , the first, second, and fourth will have the extra files, the third being the weakest thus :-- A Company of 17 Files " 19 " " 20 " Left Subdivision. 4tli Spction. 17, IG, 15. 14 18, 17. 16, 15, 14 19, 18.17, 16,15 3rd Section. 13, 12. 11.10 13. 12, 11,10 14, 13. 12, 11 Right Subdivislou. 2nd Section. 9. 8. 7, 6 9. 8, 7, 6 If, 9, 8, 7, 6 20,19,18, 17, 10 15, 14, 13, 12, 11 10,9,8, 7, 6 1st Section. 5, 4, 3, 2, I 5, 4, 3, 2. I 5, 4, 3. 2, I 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 When looking at this Table the volunteer must suppose himself to be standing in the ranks. Section 2. Post of OJicers. When a company is in column w ith other companies the post of the captain or senior officer jiresent is on the pivot flank of the front rank ; the remaining officers and the Serjeants are called supernumeraries.. The post of the senior supernumerary is in rear of the second file from the reverse flank, that of the second senior in rear of the cen- tre of the company, the rest of the supernumeraries will divide equally the spaces in the rear of the two subdivi- sions. When a company is in line with other companies or is formed singly in line, the post of the captain is on the right of the front rank, that of the senior supernumerary in rear of the second file from the left, the other super- numeraries will be posted as in column. In column the post of the covering Serjeant is in rear of the second file from the pivot flank. In line, on the right of the rear rank, covering the captain. When a company is formed in column of subdivisions, the post of the captain is on the pivot flank of the leading subdivision, that of the senior supernumerary on the pivot flank of the rear subdivision, and that of the second sen- ior supernumerary in roar of the second file from the re- verse flank of the rear subdivison, the rest of the super- numeraries retain their posts in rear of their respective subdivisions. n I '< h \ 46 When a con9])any is formed in column of sections, the post of the captuin is on the pivot flank of the lending sec- tion, that of the senior supernumerary on the pivot flank of the third section, that of the second senior supernumerary on the pivot flank of the fourth section, and that of tlie third senior supernumerary on the pivot flank of the second sec- tion, the rest of the supernumeraries retain the posts they occupied in line. In column of subdivisions or sections, the post of the covering serjeant is in rear of the second file from the pivot flank of the leading subdivision or section. In the above formations the supernumeraries form a third or supernumerary rank, which is one pace from the rear rank when the company is in column with others, or i» formed in column of subdivisions or seotions, and three paces when it is in line with others or is formed singly in line. When there is not a sufficient number of sorjeants with a company, corporals should be taken from the ranks to take their places. When a coippany is in column of subdivisions or sec- tions and the right subdivision or section is leading, the column is called ricjht in front ; when the left subdivision or section is leading, the column is called left in front. When Bight in front, the Left is the pivot flank. When Left in front the Right is the pivot flank. The same rule applies equally to the companies of a battalion, a column being called Right in front when number 1 company (which is on the right when in line) is leading, and Left in front when the highest numberered company (which is on the left when in lino) is leading. When the captain falls out in order to drill his ct)mpany the next senior will take his place. Section 3. Dispersing and AsscmUing. Volunteers after being told off and proved should be wheeled into coluum of sections, and their leaders placed in front of them, so that they may know each other, and during a drill the company should frequently bo dispersed and then ordered to close again, on which the mou will run in and form on their section leaders, who will stand in a row one behind the other, to mark the left of their respective aectioi s in regular order, at section distance 47 the sec- ik of urary third Isec- they )f the n the )rm a m the i, or is three gly in ;s with inks to or sec- ig, the livision I front. When me rule column f (which in front i on the wmpany lould be placed in her, and dispersed uioii will dll stand t of thfcir diblauce BY FUBDlVISIONi ^ (or HKCTIONH) LIGHT (or Lkt'T) WHEEL, or ON THE MOVE RIGHT (or left) wheel QOICK-MARCH, HALT-DRK8S, Or rouwARD or COMPANY QUICK MARCH, BY SUB- DIVIPI0N8 or bectionb (right (or LEFT)WUKii:L. from each other. Volunteers must also be taught to form company at once on the captain, or on cither of the flunk men. Section 4. Advancing/, Uetinng, Wheclinr/, S(c. The company will be practised in advancing ami retiring in line, in wheeling, and in all the movements they have learned in squad drill in two ranks. S. 5. Wheeling into Column of Subdivisions or Sections. Volunteers will also be taught to wheel to the right or left by subdivisions or sections, either from the halt or on the march ; each subdivision, or section, wheeling in the same manner as a squad. •• When square, on the words Halt- Dress, they will halt and dress in column, or ou the word Forward they will move on in column ; the captain and supurnuincruries taking the posts described in Section 2 of this drill. forward. J A column of subdivisions or sections will also be taught to wheel up into line both from the halt and on the march. Section 6. Manual and Platoon Excrcines, ^c. All the volunteers of the corps must also bo practised together in the rifle exercises already taught. Section 7. Formation of Company Square. On the word 'ections, the rear ran'' of the second section will take a pace of 24 inches to the front ; the first section \ will face to the left, the loading files dis- engaging to the front; the third and fourth sections will face to tlie right, their leading files disengaging to the rear. On the word march, the second sections will fix bayonets, and the remaining sec- tions will step ofl* and form close column on the second section, tlic roar ranks closing on the front ranks during the j march ; each of those sections will, halt 1 front and fix bayonets without word of command as it arrives in column ; the t distance between sections will bo one pace. POriM CLOSE COLUMN OF- SECTIONS. QUICK -MATICH. 1i • !l { 48 ^ On tbo wortl Prepare for Cnmlrif, the oflicei's and iioti-coinnii!iMi()iie(l uflicora wilt inuvo into tiiu uviitro uf tliu culutiiii ; the lufii will thou fnc'u outwards, so as to show afrontof ccjunl strength in every diruetioii. On tho word Ready, the men will pro- oocd ns directed in the rallying squuru. Tho company will bo ro for mod as follows : f On the word column, tho men will face BK-FOllM COLUMN. ^ to their places on the tlanks. On the word Company, tho first section will face to tho right, the third and fourth to tho left PllKPAllli I'oic CAVAMIV. READY. . to their proper front in column, tho cap- • tuin and supernumeraries will move out UK-FORM COMrANV. On the word March, they will move out, the right section will turn to tho rear when clear of the second section, will halt, front, and dress upon it ; the third QUICK-MARCH. \ '<^^^^ fourth sections will turn to the front in succession, when clear, and dross up into tho lino with the second section without word of command, tho rear-rank resuming its proper distance. If the men count the number of paces that take them into column, ly taking the same number when re-forming company, they will bo able to turn together. Tho bayo- nets will bo utifixed by word of command. A close colunui of subdivisions will be formed in the same manner us a close column of sections, the left sub- division moN ing in rear of tho right. Section 8. Dwnissinc/ a Coinpany \ As described in Section 1 1 of the I'irst \ Drill. ( At this word the men will port arms, and in so doing the front rank will take I a side pace to the left, and the rear-rank l will take a sidejjace tj tho right, and af- i ter a pause the company will break oil', (^ and quit the parade without in'ice. TO THE RlGli'I FACE. LODUE-ARMS. m I ih'ii, the i!or» will 111 ; till) to allow ii'L't'tion. will pro- quuru. will face tlio uap- uovo out t section id fourth ill move n to the !tion, will tho third the iroiit dross up d section roar-rank take them •e-forming The bayo- icd in the ! loft sub- if thu rirst port arms, i will take 3 rear-rank If, and af- 1 break oil", I'ice. II 40 A company without arms will bo dismissed in the same manner as a squud, see Seetion 1 1 of the First Drill, ex- cepting that the rear rank will take a side pace to the right. NINTH DPILL. Section 1. Tim Cow pony KjUndbuj, Closing, SfC. The company must bo practised in extouding and clos- ing from the halt and on the march, advaming and retir- ing, inclining to the right and loft, and changing front, as already dcscribt d. The volunteers should also be instructed to form close column of sections from extended order on any section ; but their usual formation will be on the second, that sec- tion closing on its loft file. Thoy should also be practised in forming rallying square or squares, as already described. One subdivision should also bo taught to extend while the other remains at I 50 or 200 paces in roar of its centre to support it ; when two companies are moving together, one will support the other. Section 2. The Alarm, or Lock out for Cavalry. When skirmishers are unexpectedly attacked by cavalry, the bugle will sound the alarm, or the words look out for cavalry will be given, on which the skirmishers will at once form close column of sections, and prepare for caval- ry, unless in disorder or scattered, in which case they will form rallying squares, which may be signified for parade purposes by t^ Jout le being sounded after the alarr . The supports wii, lorm close columns of sections and advance by comujaid of their captains. If one subdivision only is skirmishing, supported by the other, on the alarm each will fvnn a rallying square. W hen the commence firing sounds, the support will halt and prepare for cavalry, and both squares will cv^mmence firing. Section 3. Skirmishers closiny on the Support. Calling in Skirmishers.— On the w urds close on supports^ or the bugle sound close, the two cent! > tiles will retire in quick time, opening out as they move to the rear to clear the front of the support ; the romaiiiing files will close upon them on the niureh ; when at tjuarter distance in rear of the support they will turn inwards, shouldering arms as they turn ; and when they meet in roar of the centre of the support, they will halt front, order arms, and stand at ease. . I 50 Closing for Cavalry. — VVlion skinuishora are not closely pressed by cavalry, the word or sound close will be given, followed by the alarm or word look out for cavalry, on which the support will advance, and if it is a company it will form subdivisions on the march, if a subdivision it will form sections. The skirmishers will move to the rear at the double, closing on the in»vard files of subdvisions (or sections), as described in the preceding paragraph, except that the centre files will incline outwards when they com- mence to retire, in order to keep clear of the front of their support. As the skirmishers approach the support, the latter will halt, the rear subdivision (or section) closing on the leading subdivision (or section), each fixing bayonets as it comes to the halt ; the skirmishers will turn inwards, and form close column of subdivisions (or sections) in rear of the supports, fixing bayonets as they halt and front. The square will then be ordered to prepare for cavalry, as described in Section 7 of the Eighth Drill. If skirmishers cannot reach the support, which will be signified on parade by repeating the alarm, they will, if a company, form company square, if a subdivision they will form rallying square ; the support will also form company or rallying square. Section 4. Relieving Skirmishers. When skirmishers have suffered considerable loss, when they are iatigued by continued rapid movements, or when their supply of ammunition is getting low, it will be ad- visable to relieve them. The most convenient method of effecting the relief is to order the support to extend and relieve its skirmishers. When retiring, the successive relief of the skirmishers by supports, is the most effectual manner of keeping an enemy in check. The ofiicer commanding a support should there- fore be constantly on the look-out for good positions, in which he may extend his men with advantage, suoh as a bank, a ditch, a wall, or such like cover. After relieving, the new skirmishers must hold their position until ordered to continue the retreat. The following general rules are laid down for relieving skirmishers under diiferent circumstances : — Relieving Skirmishers that are halted. — To relieve skiriuisiicrs that arc halted, the support will tjxteud in the it 51 closely given, \lry, on pany it ti it will rear at ons (or , except ey com- of their »ort, the osing on )ayonets inwards, ) in rear ad front, k^alry, as 1 will be will, if a they will company ;o33, when , or when rill be ad- relief is to lishers. uishers by ; an enemy mid there- )sition8, in such as a relieving, til ordered r relieving To relieve tend in the rear, out of immediate reach of the enemy's fire, and then run up to the old line. The old skirmishers on being relieved, will run straight to their rear, and when out of immediate reach of the enemy's fire, will close on the centre and form support. Should an immediate advance be intended, the old skir- mishers, on being relieved, will remain lying down till the new skirmishers have gained suflicient distance to their front ; they will then rise, close on the centre, and form support. Relieving Skirmishers that are advancing. — The support will extend on the march and then double up to the old skirmishers, changing into quick time as it passes through them, on which the old line will He down and wait till the new skirmi.-hers are sufl[iciently advanced to protect them from immediate fire, when they will rise and close to the centre, forming the support. Relieving Skirmishers that are retiring. — To relieve skirmishers that are retiring, the support will halt, and front, at a considerable distance in the rear, and will then extend, each man, if possible, getting under cover. When the old skirmishers arrive within about twenty or thirty paces of the new, they will run through them to the rear until they are out of immediate reach of the enemy's fire, and then close on the centre and form support. Section 5. Reinforcing or extending a line of Skirmishers to a Flank. Reinforcing. — Any part of a line of skirmishers may be 1 v-inforced, by throwing forward the supports or part of them in the same manner as they are thrown forward when relieving skirmishers, but on joining the old lino, both will remain and skirmish together, dividing the distances. A line of skirmishers may be diminished by calling in any portion of them, who will retire in the same manner as skirmishers are brought in when relieved. In this case, the remaining skirmishers will divide the space left by those who have retired. Extending. — When it is necessary to extend skirmishers to a flank, without weakening the rest of the line, fresh skirmishers, with supports of equal strength, may be extended in the rear, and then ordered to double up and join the general line. w % I I. Extend. P :pe:I 9' — • 11 II. Close. li feasf III. Advance. i3^: c*: ^^W: gll^tifJl 32 When a captain brings up his company to relieve or rein- force another that is extended, he must call out for what pur- pose he is come, that the captain of the old skirmishers may know how to act. Section 6. Bugle Calls. The following bugle sounds may occasionally be substituted for words of command when skirmishing, but the voice is less liable to error, and commands can be passed down an extended lino with great rapidity by the supernumeraries : — One G sounded on the bugle denotes the right of the line ; two G's the centre ; three G's left. The G's, preceding any sound, denote the part of the lino to which it applies ; for instance, two G's before the extend signify to extend from the centre ; one G followed by the close, to close to the right ; one G followed by the incline, to incline to the right ; three G's followed by the wheel, to wheel to the left. ■"-««{ IV. Halt. This! or nighl -I-l =EfE|:^ o s The Halt annuls all previous Sounds except the Fire. Il^ re or rein" what pur- \ may know istituted for ,s less liable lended line jf the line ; r the line to tend signify ose, to close jline to the the left. iS^ 58 V. Commence Firing. '% '?• -fi •"» ? EH tSL[J^-^ :s:3=l m m 5 EESfcE=?3£SE3=3 I m ^-w VI. Cease Fibino. 3 s i VIT. Retire. 3^^^5^3H^ggS^^^g| Ipiff?:! f^3;3: VIII. Assembly. i piii^^^^ This sound will be used to turn out troop6 in cases of alarm by day or night, but must not be used at light infkntry drill. IX. Incline. le Fire. -j^fgfgS^i^gg!g^^^g| u 54 X. Wheel. ^^^^^^ The calls IX. and X. must be preceded h^ the distinguishing G's XI. Taa Alabk or Look out for Oatalrt. pp^ gE?SE^ I ^i Proving. B^ion 7. Pr(mng a Company. After a company hab been told off on parade, it will be proved in the following manner :— . Mark time-Quick. Subdivisions right- Wheel (when in eohellon), Mark Time. Re-form-Company. Subdivisions left-Wheel (when in echellon), Mark- Time. Re-form-Company. Sections right- Wheel (when in echellon,) Mark-Time. Re-form-Company. Sections left-Wheel (when in echellon), Mark-Time. Re-form-Company. The company will then be turned to the right about, and proved in the same manner, rear rank in front. Halt-Front. Fours-Deep, Front. Fours-Right, Front. Fours-Left, Front. Fours-About, Front. The Company will also be proved, rear rank in front, in forming fours to the right and left on the march, as follows : — Mark Time — Quick. Right-About— Turn. Fours-Bight, Rear-Turn. .^ m fuishing G's r. m: it will be eel (when n), Mark- f ark-Time. lark-Time. ight about, root. ik in front» le march, as Fours-Left, Rear- Turn. . ' . - ; . ; ^' Halt-Front. Form close column of Sections, Quick-March, Re-form- Company, Quick-March. Right sections, first and third. Order- Arms. Left sec- tions, second and fourth, Order-Arms, Right subdivbion, Stand-at-Sase. Right subdivision, Stand-at-Ease. SectioH 8. Marching at Ease. ^ Volunteers should not be required to march long dis- tances at attention ; they should be ordered to March at Mase, on which they may carry their rifles in any manner they please, and loosen out their files to the reverse flank; but they must take care not to hang back, and open out to the rear, nor lose their places, lest they retard other corps that may be following them. On the word Atten' tiotit they will close in again to the pivot flank, and trail arms properly in the right hand. BATTALION FOBHATIOHS AlB M0VBHEVT8. Section 1. Gmerd Remarh. Although rifle volunteers are organized in battalions, and independent corps may occasionally meet and move together, it is not necessary that they should learn many complicated battalion evolutions. The following formations and movements are all that can be required, and as they are simply combinations of the company movements already explained in the manual, it is only necessary for the officers to study the details. Section 2. Formation of Open Column. In open column the companies will be formed one be- hind another, each at a distance equal to its own front from the company that is next before it, measuring from the heels of the front rank men of one company to the heels of the front rank men of the other; this is also called wheeling distance.* ♦Covering Serjeants, in taking up wheeling distance for their companies, may remember that by multiplying the number of files by 7, and dividing the product by 10, they will get the required number of paces. I 5 \ \ Hi • 06 The captains will t. o post on the pivot flanks of their respective front ranks, ccvering correctly one behind an- other, the men touching in to them. When a column is on the march the captains must be careful to preserve their proper distances ; but they must not attempt to preserve their coveriug in one straight line from the front to the rear of the column, unless they are marching on an alignment, each captain should follow the footstep of the captain next in front of him. Section 3. TdUng off the Battalion. When the battalion is formed the commanding officer will give the command, tell off the hattalioit, on which the captains will take a pace to their front, and face towards their men, the captain of the leading company will call out No. 1, the captain of the second company will then call out No. 2, and so on to the rear ; when all are numbered, the commanding officer will give the command ^es-front, on which the captains, will resume their posts. Section 4. Pivot Flank. An explanation of the Pivot Flank has been given in Section 2 of the Fourth Drill. Section 5. Fomtcftion of Q^arter Distance Column. The formation of a quarter distance column is the same as that of an open column, except that the companies are at a distance equal only to the front of one section (quarter of a company) from each other. Section 6. Formation of Line. When the companies of a battalion are formed in line there will be no interval between them, they will be placed in regular order. No. 1 on the right, the highest number on the left. Each company will be formed in the usual manner, as described in the Eighth Drill. When a line is ordered to advance it will move by the centre, the captain who happens to be in the centre must therefore be careful in Selecting his points to march upon, as he will direct the line. Section 7. Telling off afresh. When companies lose their relative position in line or column, which may frequently be the case after skirmish- ing, they can tell off afresh. ^^w 67 Section 8. Squares, The simplest method of forming square to resist cavalry when in column, is to close to the front on the leading company, the rear ranks also closing on the front ranks, then face outwards and prepare for cavalr as in rallying square. When in line, wheel into column, and proceed as above described. Section 9. Skinnishing. A battalion may send out any number of companies to skirmish, according to its strength, and the extent of ground that is to be covered ; each company that is sent out to skirmish must have a company in support, as a general rule about 200 yards in rear of its centre ; the reserve should always be composed of at least one-third of the whole battalion ; it will be placed at about 600 yards in rear of the centre of the skirmishers. When a line of skirmishers composed of several com- panies advances or retires, it will move by the centre of the whole line, except while inclining to a flank, when it -will move by the flank to which it is inclining. A line of skirmishers composed of several compaD'.es will change front as described in the sixth lesson of '/his manual, the supports following the movements of the { kir- mishers. The directions already given for the movements cf the skiimishers and supports in case of the approach of ;aval« ry, are equally applicable to the companies of a ba^l^alion ; the reserve will advance on the first alarm, and form square when necessary ; the captains must as far as possible form their squares so as to flank each other. When required to assemble, the skirmishers will at all times form first on their supports, after which they may both be brought in, and formed at quarter distance in rear of the reserve. For further inforraatior. the ofiicers are referred to the " Field Exercise " for regolar troops. Part IV. Section 10. Inspection. When a corps of rifle volunteers is inspected it will be formed in line, the officers standing with ported swords three paces in front of the front rank, the commanding offi-. cer six paces ; if the commaTiding offioer is mounted- * \ / .^" 08 [■ mil eaitry his sword. The commanding officer will be in front of the centre of his corps whether it consists of & single company, of several companies, or of a complete battalion . The senior officer with each company will be in front of the second file from the right of his company, the second se'::iior in front of the second file from the left, the third senior in front of the centre. The officers will be brought to the front in the following manner, on the words ojieers take opi>7i ftrder from the commanding officer, the officers will recover their swords, move out and place themselves respectively one pace in front of the files abo^'<) named, the second and third se- nior officers of each company moving round the left flank of their company. On the word march, the officers will take two paces to the fronts look to the right and dress. The major, or if there is no major the officer on the right of the line correcting them ; when dressed, on the word steady from the major or the officer on the right of the line, the officers will look to their front, port their swords, and remain perfectly steady. When the reviewing officer approaches, the officer com- manding will give the words general (or royal) talute, pr&- sent-armSf on which the officers will salute with their, swords, and the volunteers will present. On the words shovUder'arms from the commanding officer, the officers will come to the port, and the volunteers to the shoulder. After the general has ridden down the line, on the words officen take dose-order, from the commanding offi- cer, the officers will face to the right, recovering their swords as they draw back their right feet, and on the word march they will return to their original posts by the same way as they came to the front. As volunteer corps are not intended to march past in slow time, it has been considered advisable that they should move with shovUdered arms when marching past in open column, and with trailed arms, when marching past in quarter distance columns. At the end of the review, if required to do so by the general, the corps will form in line on their original ground, and the officers having been brought to the front, the line will receive the command the line toUl advance in review order, quick-march, the bands and drums playing;. -»r^ 60 be in of ft plete ill be pany, left. 1 1 when at 30 or 40 paces from the genet ai the ban«ls and drums will cease to play, and the lino will be halted and ordered to salute in the same manner as when receiving the general. Section i \. Formation of an Advanced Chiard on a Road. Formation of an Advanced Guard on a Road. — When a column is marching along the road, the advanced guard will be composed of one or more companies, divided into four parts or sections ; the two rear sections (under the command of the senior officer) will form the reserve in front of the column ; the second section from the front will form a support 200 yards in front of the reserve, under command of the third senior officer ; the leading section will be 100 yards in front of the second section, ard will, detach a corporal and two files 100 yards to its front and two files to each flank 100 yards from the road and about 50 yards more retired than the corporal's party. The senior subaltern will accompany the leading section. The detached files must carefully examine all houses, enclosures, &o. within their reach ; but should more distant objects present themselves, patroles must be detached from the second section for their particular examination. Single files of communication will be placed between the different divisions of an advanced guard, and also between its re- serve and the head of the column. The distance between the two latter must be regulated by circumstances ; but it will generally be about 500 yards during the day and about 300 during the night. If the company is weak, it may be advisable to send on only one file and a corporal in front, and one file on each flank. In open country an advanced guard is simply a line of skirmishers, with a support, and, if necessary, a reserve.