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J, 
 
 A Review and Answer to Mr. Maxwell. 
 
 i- 
 
 "DAILY WORLD," S^-pt. 18t4i, 1896. 
 
 Ottawa, Sept. 12. — The following ih a verlMUiiii report of the iiiipor- 
 laiit s|M?eeh delivered by (teorjye R. Maxwell, M. P. for Itiirrurd District, 
 on Wedne«lay afteniocm la«t: 
 
 ^Ir. Maxwell moved for : 
 
 Copies of all petitions or memorials presented to the Government on 
 the subject of C%iiner>e immigration. 
 
 He said: Mr. Speaker, 1 deeply regret that my first venture in 
 addrefwing tAiie House should Im* in ccmnection with such a s;tbject as this, 
 but as I have receivc'd a mandate from my con.'^tituents I feel under 
 obligation to bring it before thiH House for conMidenition and to press 
 it as plainly and yet as strongly tt.s I [lOHt^ibly uim on the attention of 
 the Government. One circumstanee makes this question a little peculiar, 
 and that is that it ixirbicularly IxOongs to the Pnwii^ce of British 
 0)lumbia. I wish in some measure there were Chinosc in all the pro- 
 vinces, because I am sure I would then s])eiik to a more sympathetic 
 iiudience than I do to-day, lionoi-able members generally not knowing 
 very much about tliis qtjestion. But in »pite of this fact, thoug4i there 
 is not a Oliinese question in Ontario, ManitotMi, Nova Scotia, I'rince 
 Edward Island or even in (Quebec, thoug'h 1 notice from the Montretil 
 ■"Gazett'j'' a few days ago a great many of the citizen-* of that important 
 <lMty have begun to be alive to tlie fact that they have more than enough 
 of those distinguished gentlemen, and that some restrictive measure must 
 •be brought into existence or therr will be another British Columbia 
 practically in the Pro\'ince of Quebec. I think I may appeal to members 
 of the (iovernment, not to look at this question fnmx their point of view 
 but from the point of view of those concerned. We the citizens of that 
 Western l*rovince, notwithsbinding our Province is 
 
 RICH AND FKRllLE, 
 perhaps far beyond the wildest dream of the wildest imagination, yet 
 hope you will regard iia otit there as jxm art* rogaixled, namely, that we 
 are .striving to the Ih'sI of »>ur etforts to make that p<jrtion of Canada 
 A place that will be a home for a happy, cont«>nt<'«l and prosperous class 
 of people. Sir, one thing encourages me in bringing this question l)cfore 
 tlio House, and that is that it is not a jxirty question; that is to say, 
 there is nothing of the Conservative or what you may cull the Lil)eral 
 •element in it whatever, but it is mniply a (juestion on which the large 
 inajority of the people of British Columbia are agreed. During the late 
 contest both Consser^'ative and Libera! candidates were pledged up to the 
 hilt 8»» far as this question !•» concerned, and I believe if my opponent 
 !had been elected in my place he would have done to-day what I am 
 
3 
 
 tryiiif( to <lo. uiKi |M'i-1iH|)H witli iiioir uhility. Ilowrvcr. I tiiii hU^ 
 rihouruKcd witli rcKiml to thin l|ll(^4ti<>ll, niiil I Iio|n* timt wlint I may 
 Hiiy will strik«' ii rmponnivo rlionl in liin frciU'roiH lioart, hihI that, tof^otlicr 
 vitli tliWt (fOvi'i-tiiiH'iit, he will do M4Mii«>tliin^ t«»war«lH helping th(> |i<>o|>lc 
 of Itritifih Cuhnnliiii to frw tlnMnMHvw from what may 1k» cj'IIwI u gnnv- 
 ing <>vil. If my np]N>ni>nt in tlic hit** oUt-tion siiil what was true — lUitl 
 1 h«ive no roason what«'v<'r to doubt his word -th«'n the honoruble, the 
 I^nider of the Opixwitiof* (Sir CharlcH TupiMM) in likewise ple<l}{i>tl t«) the 
 eounideration of thin (|ue!4tion. In faet, it wan Htat<<<l uptm the publie 
 platform during the la^t election that the then I'remier was prepannl to 
 d««l with thin <pi(>Htion in symimthy with the winhen of the i)eo()Ie of 
 l^ritirth C'ohnnbiti. 1 nmy tiien take it. Mr. S|M>aker, that rto far hh thin^ 
 lIouHe in eon(*4>ru<'d. there In noMiiu); of a party nature in the queHtion, 
 ami that as we try to H«>lve what may he n'pmb'd an a knotty, delieate 
 Hubjeet we will approaeh it simply from tfie stand|K>int of i'itixeuM in- 
 terested in theiilevelo|iment and in the pnwjMTity of the jM'ople of (\inadu. 
 To Moiiie, my i>osition on this tiuestion may se<>m a little Htrange; that i» 
 to nay. nxMt people t«»-day wlio take a br<Nul view «if things are in deep 
 sympathy with what is eiilled the brotheilMNNl of man. I do not for a 
 moment «leny thut duR'trine on the IIckh- of this H4ms4>. I ai'Ment to it with 
 all my h<>art. I believe that the time is coming, it is now on the winj? 
 though it is yet far distant <rf w'hiih our .S-ottisdi banl has so swe<'tly 
 
 Bunii : 
 
 When man to man the worhl o"w 
 
 Shall bj-othei-s 1k> and a" that. 
 
 But, I hohl that the elaim whieh the iieople of Hritish ('(dunibia make 
 
 through their represt-ntatives do«'« not in any way Hash witb what is 
 
 now justly regar<led as one of the n«oblest dreams ever o»MM'eiv«l by the 
 
 mind of man. I may aiy. that when I went to British (jolumbia m\ 
 
 years ago, 1 
 
 WBNT THKRK I'llhillDICKI) 
 
 against the Chinese agitation. In tlie sint-erity oi my hmrt I believe<l 
 
 the opinions of s<mie of the dintinguishitl men in this country, who 
 
 thought that (liineHe immigration would give a glorious oi>portunity to 
 
 the ehureh to ehristianisc> them. I was kindly disposeil towards them. 
 
 I have no ill-fivling towards tluMu yet. but when I I>egan to come in 
 
 contact with the tix>uble — bcwuise thei-e is a very nerimis trouMe in con- 
 
 netrtion with the motter — when I begjin to realise how these Chinese 
 
 gentlemen afTectetl the moral and material interests of our own CSinadian 
 
 people, then, 1 found that it wan our self interent to do all the justice 
 
 to our own peoj)le that we possibly could. 1 unhesitatingly aay, from 
 
 observation and coniact, tXiat an things have l)c>en going on and as they 
 
 are going on at the present time, we are doing a positive injustice to those 
 
 who are bone of our bone and flesh of our flesh. I heard the Premier say not 
 
 long ago — and, Mr. Speaker, I desire to congratulate him on obtaining 
 
 hid present honorable posit&ioa, and on the high vantage ground which 
 
 ho now hoid« in our political life. I am glad 'at after breasting the 
 
3 
 
 blnwn of cin'uinrttaiHv lie iimv " ohii >«Iih|m' tln" whisiMT of a Throiw an«r 
 WJiiiUI a iniKlily Stote'n tUvivw." I luanl fnnii liin lips iiot loiiR an^> 
 ilif HUUiiiont : timt »Hf |nv»«<«rn>ti«»n wax Uii- law that wv an» IxMiiid to 
 olwiTve. I anj-ont to that (UK-tiine. It in only thnm^li s«'lf pii^wrvatioii 
 tliiit any om> of nn t-an attcinpl to fwl th«» inipul-««>!'o of what ih nilhii 
 altvuirtni or tin* liigluT life. \V<' niust |>n»t«'«t onr own iM'opip. Tin- 
 laiiil is thi'ii»^ I «lo not think that i« a stranj^o »l«K'trin«' to prnu*)i on 
 thi' lloor <»f thin Koumh-the ininw are thfivH. tin- Hsln'fiew aro tiheii-s. the 
 op|M>rtinuti4'H lire Mieirn, ami I do not think it w a wiw |>olicy, y«i, L 
 think it Im a mirnm'-niindrtl |M>licy to till tin* laixl witli MMni-lnirlmrianH- 
 and to tirivo out our own p«>ple who «>ujfht to posM^H tlio«« things, and 
 mIm», if they |kih-vhs«1 tlw-se filings, w«»ultl niakf Iwtli tluinwlvpn and 
 Canad.i the pri<h' of fclie whole eartli. Now. I want to state brietly what 
 ! !is Int-n doiM' in rejjard ti» this ('.hinetu> «|U(>stion. This House of Com- 
 luons i^x exceptitHiul iMxcause of the (freatness of the number i»f new 
 nu>nll>er^, and I tlierefore wish to remind h«>uorable );entleiuen that tins 
 is iH)t the fIrHt time that the <|uefltion has l>een brought l>efore this, 
 honorable HouHe, Ah far iNiek as IHH4 a cinnniisHion ^vas ap|M>inte«l by 
 the tlien (iovermnent. That eominisHion was eonip(»Hed of the Hon. Mr. 
 Chapleau, the Hon. Mr. (Jniy, Judge «rf the Supreme tVnirt of Hriti(*li 
 Columbia, and the Sei-retary of the commission was the diHtinguinhed 
 aihI poetii;!al member of Went Ai«iniboia (Mr. I)avin). I'revious to that 
 a motion luid Imhii mmle in the House to bhe following eirei-t: 
 
 That, in tlie opinion of tliis Hoump, it is ex|)etlient to enact a law 
 prohibitiiiig the ineutning of CliineHe to that portion of Canada known as 
 Mritii<li Cidumbia, 
 
 That motion waM withdrawn on a proniis<> l>eing given by the Right 
 Hon. Sir .lohn A Mat^onald, on behalf <»f the (iovemmcnt that a vum- 
 mission idiould be isoued to enquire into and report upon 
 
 THK WHOUO SL'RIKCT 
 of Cliii)eM> iinmigmtion. It may not l>c aniisH to state that one of 
 these tJiiingM wTiieh Inxmght this question to the crucial point, was the 
 unfortunate i-omriact that w^is made by the then (><»vernnu-nt with Mr. 
 Onderlonk who built what wa« called the Onderdonk section of the 
 Canadian Pacific Railway. He repreHcntetl that it was absolutely neces- 
 sary f'o import UliineHe in order to couvstruct that i>ortion of tlie railway. 
 It was likcwrse a jwrt of the contract that after the railway hatl been 
 eon^ktructetl, these (Hiinese hiIio<uM b<^ sent back again to China, but un- 
 foi-tunat(4y the promiceH both of the (Jovenunent and of the contractor 
 wtTe not carried out, and instead of b<>ing a<'nt Imck to China as they 
 ought to have been, they were let loose upon Hritifth Columbia, and to 
 that we may trace a great deal of tlie trouble that has arisen in our 
 Pmvinee in regard to this Cliinese question. At the <^)ening <rf the com- 
 mission to which 1 refer, the Hon. Mr. Oliapleau (the Chaii^man) said : 
 
 Rritish Columbia has repeatedly ,by her Local Legislature and by lier 
 representatives in Parliainent, solicited the Executive ot Parliament oi 
 
</anada to enuot a law prohibitiii|{ t>ic iiii-fniiing of Chineue to J)ritii*h 
 •Columbia. 
 
 Now, I want to wy that the Hon. Mr. Oinpleau in makinf^ that Htnte- 
 niont said the truth, the whole tnith luul nothinji^ but the truth. 'Iliat is 
 still he opinion «>f a large majority of thr peofile of Britinh Columbia. Hut 
 what 1 want to huj' ig this: That coinmi'mion brouj^ht in a report. I 
 have read that report and it is to my mind one of tlhe most outrageoiiH 
 reports that ever was presented to tlnn Iionorable House. Our I^ocal 
 I^egislature and the Federal meml>ers from Kritish Columbia, had repre- 
 sented wliat the |>eople wanted, and yet tliiw eommimion — on the strength 
 of what evidence, I cannot {wssibly make out — bring in a report almost 
 to the effect that tlie Oiinese were a h1e!«sing to British Columbia and 
 that the more they had of tliem the better it wouhl be. 1 wish to say, 
 Mr. Speaker, that tliat report in no way voices the sentiment of British 
 Columbia. While there is a great deal of evidence in that report the 
 j?reater portion of it i« »imply the e>-idence of men who are interested in 
 having the Chinese there, and so far as the mass of t)he p<»oi>le were con- 
 cerned, they were not represented on the commission as they ougfit to 
 )»ave been. If they had been properly represented, the evidence would 
 have been so overwhelming tluit the commission would have reported 
 in favor of w4iat had been demanded by the representatives of British 
 Columbia. No\v. I just want very briefly to state some of the arguments 
 with regard to the Oliinese. Tliere is vcSjj^ is called the moral argument. 
 I do not want to bring this quei^tionup uL^^e House in this public way, 
 nor would I pretend to say that the whites aW^to^ether clean and pure. 
 I know that we have our vices as well as thb iCaiaeso, but> there is t)his 
 difference: ITiat while our vices, so to .speak, are controlled, and moulded, 
 and influencetl to some extent by the higher forces of civilisation, not to 
 mention Christianity; the vices of the Cliinese are dominate, and in- 
 fluenced by the lower forces of barbarism. I need not tell this House 
 that the Chinese are universally addicttnl to opium; that they are in- 
 Teterate gamblers; that tliey are grossly immoral. These things are so 
 well known and authenticateid that I do not wish to dwell upon them in 
 the Chamber. I might mention also, that according to the evidence 
 which has been produced in several countries, the Chinese are mostly 
 jneml>ers of secret socities, and tliat the law of these societies is the law 
 which they are compelletl to obey. We have leprosy out on the Coast 
 in connection with the Oiinesc. How it came we do not know; but at 
 considerable cost to this country we have had to transport them to an 
 island, and at the present moment, 1 understand, they are being eup- 
 ported by the Dominion Government. From these Chinese we are in 
 constant dread of a return of what may he call^ the small-pox scare. A 
 few years ago, the small-pox cost the City of Vancouver, the City of Vic- 
 toria and the Provincial Government each thousands of dollars, and 
 paralysed the wh(de trade of the country as long as it lasted. It may be 
 true that the Chinese are not as bad as they are represented to be; but 
 
no M>lf-r<'H|>octinfr |)e(>pla <-iin> to Imvo the Hcriiin of CliiniMc life iluiupc<f 
 rif^lit into their miilfit It may Im> liunl for me U* tell wliat influence- 
 tlierte Cliinej^e may have u|M>n the ntonil life of the |teo|»l«>. Hut I aak 
 hononible g«>ntlemen to think of tlie lowent cUx^ieH of (1iine>4e heini; dump- 
 ed in tens, tiftiett, hundreds or thoumimU, into their midst, and doing Huch 
 tliiuKH nH we know they do nnd then to Hay that they will not affwt the- 
 mora! life of the people. For u* to imaf^nn that ttiene p<>ople have not 
 deleteriouH etTert upon the |)eople aiiionf; whom they live, would be to- 
 imagine something not true to eonuiion ex|>erienec. Our children to-day 
 are iMH-oming famiriar with their gumhling deuH, their opium-funoking 
 and their filth; and I ank you. tihuuld not the higlier moral coneern» 
 of the people take precedeiwe of all monet^iry ctHiHitlerationH? We white 
 people may not be iierfeet; 1 agree that we are not; but when you have 
 a rttrenm wIkmw hmuree is tilth, and u"hieh (lows over he<lR of hmg^ 
 aecumulatetl filth, floM-ing into the m«>ral life of our p(H>ple, it ntandH to- 
 eomnion M>nHe that their moral life will Im rimw more an<l more con- 
 taminated. It may be true that the CHiineHe are industriouH. I will 
 grant that for the time l>eing. It nmy l>e that they |>erform 8er\-icert 
 which are useful. Kut I ask you th's : Will it pay Canada to All K^iti^'h 
 Columbia with thouHandn of men who are 
 
 THK <)FF-S<?()URIN<JS 
 of the jailx and the hnvest life of the (*hinese? What will (\tnada gain,, 
 ifshe a(vompIif<hes the lowering <>f the nM>nil tone of hei- own citizens T I 
 saj' we ought to face this questitm; and if I were not what I am, I would 
 press it home with mUII mon> earnestness than I am doing to-day. Hut 
 1 ask you to say, with tiu> |HM))>le of Hrititih Columbia, ihc moral con- 
 siderations are of more concern t«> tlie |)eople of Canatla than a mere- 
 question of dollars and cent<v. There is another aH|MH't of this question,^ 
 that is. the labor aspet-t. Tliis is the esMsnce of the wh(de question. Put 
 in common language, the <|Ucstion of the (1iin«>se is the «|U«-Hti<m of bread 
 ami butter. If you feed thre<' Chinainen, you take the breul out of af 
 white Mian's mouth; you clone up a home; most likely you drive a family, 
 out of the Province altogether. 1 have n«ad very carefully the evidence; 
 that ban been adduced on this subjc<'t, and the gist of that evidence is. 
 this. British Colunnbia wants cheap lal>or; C^iinese labor is cheap labor; 
 therefore, the more CIiin<>s(> cheap labor we have in Hritifiii Oolumbia^ 
 the l)etter it will be for the develo|Mnent of that Province, Now, there 
 is no more rea.son why we sliould have (.'hinese cheap labor in Hritish 
 Columbia than there is that we should have it in any other part «rf 
 Canada- Our mines, our forest^s ami our waters are surely rich enough 
 to imy white men white men's wages in Hritish Columbia as well as in 
 any other i»rt of Canada. Some men who are in favor of having the 
 C^iinese in British CoIumbia,talk as if our newasities were exceptional. 
 They are no more so t^an those of any other part of Canada. Y<m have- 
 your public works in different parts of Canada; but who raises the cry 
 that you must have Chinese labor to build those public works ? You 
 
6 
 
 huvfl H«'conipliHlic(l thinf^H in otlitT ptirtn of <^iia<la miv\\ uh \vr liavp never 
 ntteni|>t(Hl in Itritiitli ('(>]iini)>iH, anU yet y<ni uiv iilwayrt ii))le to employ 
 white men an<I pay th(>in wliite mm'H wntfett; ami 1 wiy that Mritit«h 
 <Vilumhia i* fare more ahle, Hcenrdinff tijiiier re<^>KiiiMe(l wealth, to innploy 
 white men and to )(ive them rtiieh wageH an will enable them to live in 
 <'onifort, p<>«ce and plenty in a (florioiiH Province, wlm«h (>inI haM wonder- 
 fully emlnwed. SoinetimeH in thiit evidenee yon will reud that one of the 
 reasons Mueh men have for favoring; the (1iinev^> i»< thai they are ho d<M-ile, 
 that iri to my, they tliink t4iere iH mMueiiiin;; atlvantagfouH aWut a 
 Chimvuian be<-an>M> he jurti «loeH whut he in t«>id to do. Now, I know 
 that there in a jjreat difference iM'tween the d(M-ility of n (Chinese wlave 
 and the dwllity of a white man. The difference ix that some of thoi* 
 people want men to wx>rk f<»r them whom they can Mwear at. and, if their 
 tcm|K>r be at the boiling; p4»int, whtMn they can kick. Thank )(<M)dne4rt, 
 no white nmn will ever Htand huHi treatment: and it aujrur-t a very low 
 Htandard of morality and of hiimiuiity, when a master makcM it a boaitt 
 that Ire liki>M men whom he cm kick, lM>tter than thone whom he cannot; 
 and that is piMKically the <a«e with the Chinese. You also hciir it re- 
 marked that there are no .■*trik<»s erf Cliinese workmen. No; and why ? 
 HiH-ause the C'hinama'i in 
 
 SIMPLY A M.\<'HIMC 
 in the hamls «>f tlu Imhm who can dr> with liim just wiiat he pleases. I do 
 not want to )r<» into the questiim «if strikes-, but thiw I will my: \Vli,v 
 make a distine^Hm in favivr of Kritifii C^olumbia 1 Masters and men have 
 their striken in ()tta>va, in Montreal, and in Toronto; but, jifter they have 
 fought the (piesticm out they n^r e tt> l)e^in aj^ain on (]uite harmoniotiii 
 terms; ami I can assure you that lie men who liave maile Kn^lnnd. S<'ot- 
 land, Ireland, and th» different parts of Ciinadu, are quite funnl enough 
 t<) ujake Kriti^h Cohnnbia all she ever ]nf[^^•^^ to be. Someti^nes you hear, 
 AH I have heard over and over ajjain from the em|>loyers of lubor out 
 tlieie, "Oh, the white men are so Imd and di.-'vontented that we cannot 
 ^et on with tlieni; and the Chinese «i-e so ^cxhI, and conteut*^! and. happy, 
 ami they just do what we v ant thnu to do." Now, I would not malif^*- 
 any class. The white man nuiy Im> bad enou;^h ; he may have his mi's- 
 takes. his vic*es and his fault«<; but bad as he is, lie in a. thousand timeii 
 Ahead of the Cliinanian who cames from the jails of China. Hence, I 
 auy : Like master, like ?iervant ; where jxm have a bad nia.ster you will 
 have a bad Hen'ant. Jjet our capitalists he gtxNl men, and let them treat 
 their cmiployces kindly ami synipathetically. and in Itritish Columbia, 
 as everywhere elHe, these men will do their l»e-t in the interest of their 
 masters and their country. We oI)ject to these Cliine^e bei-ause they do 
 not become eitixenn nmon^ lis. 1 do not know that we want them to 
 become citizens; but they, <m their ])art, do not evince any desire to 
 liecome citizena, either. They leave China for the puipose of m-Jikini; 
 a little money, and, aftei- they make it. they desire to return to China. 
 If they tdiouki die before they can return to China, their bones are sent. 
 
Imck t«» till' lioinf>n of thrir f<»i'cfatli«'rH. Tlu'y «»hj«'ct to )»ayin}{ taxw. 
 \\i> have in HHtMi <N»liiiiil>ia a ]miII tax of )|(.'t ihm* ImmiI for <><lu<>utioiia1 
 ]Mir|Ni'.H<-H, hihI tlif diincrtt', to e>«cu|M' that ta.\, will lie like triM>|M>rrt. (hir 
 «'lii«'f olijcc tioii, ln»\v««v«'r. to the ('liiii«M<« in that thev tako away tilu' brinul 
 4iiit of tlH> inoiithH of tht> wliitc iNvpiiiutioii. SoiiictiiiKM it is i-(>|>r(>-H*iitr(l 
 that thi'i'f (iiinanim iiiaki' work for oim* \vhit«' iiiaii. Tht' very «if>|M»sit«! 
 i» tlu' cam-. Tak«' thi* i|iii'r«tiini of m>rvaiitH. It in tlu» «lo!*irp of cvory 
 oiu> iu> doubt to hav«- nipalth', tiiii>-l(M>kiii}; MTvantn, and I MiipiH*^** that 
 yuM all kmnv that th«> Chinaman tak<>H the |Ha(«' of th<> stTvaiit ^irl. It 
 Mtaudrt to «<HnnH»n hmis*' that if he in cniployi'd sli«> cannitt Im". and whera 
 un<* Chinanian ix t^iiidovdl. it nutiniH that a M'lvant ^irl im out of employ, 
 jind to lie out of em|>l«»yment me&uH f<H' that •(ill poverty, perhaps ^tar- 
 vation, and \vorH«< than all. vt may iiuniii that she may Ih> diiven to a )ifu 
 4if Hhaine in our ^rtiit cities . Thii;k M''\at H4>rvant ^irln mean to the com- 
 iiiuiiity. They |NitroniHe the Htorei*, !|itv lielp to till the ehurehes, and 
 from thin ela^H a j^reat many youn^; men obtain the wiven that are to 
 hweeteii and bri^rliten their hoUM- What then 'loes the employment* 
 
 4)f a (liinaimin sifrnify in the mm >.iuity ? It nieaiirt nothing', ubrtDhitely 
 mithiii);. He in what we out in liriti^h i'clumbia eiill a "nueker." taking 
 in all he ean };et i^iid giving; out n<>* *iiit<; or an little an possible. It in 
 not dillieult to see whieh of tin's*' ciasse-. is the l)est for Mritish Columbia, 
 Then 
 
 L(H)K AT Ol'H Kii^HKHIhX 
 Take, for exatnple, our ean.ieri(*s. I <lo not wani to siv u single hard 
 word so far as this )|ueHti(m is cnnei'rneil, and you will ;;et to know by 
 and bye of the immens<> im]>oi taii<e of tlM*se eanneries and the immeniie 
 amount of money which is f;oin); into tlie p«H'kets of a jrn'af many yieople 
 in Hvitir<h Columbia from our lisheri««w. (wr int«) thes*' (aniieries, and 
 yt>u will find that every man empl«>yed there is a Chinaman. You will 
 flnd huiulreds aiul thousands of thein swarming up and down during 
 tlie lishing si^a^^oii. Will any sensible man tell me that the employment 
 of so many Chin«'s«» do<"s not ki'e^i white men «mt of w«)rk, yet that in 
 what we are ask«tl to believe by tho.-«' who are in favor of the admission 
 4»f Chinamen. It stands to reason that if thtmsiinds of Chinamen are' 
 ^'inployedin our I'l'oviuee, white men cannot be frettiii); the employment 
 which they have the rijfht to expect and which they oujfht to demand. 
 (lO to our mines, and see the Immense richj's there, and you will find 
 liundreds and hundr(>ds of (^hinanien employed in tlicsi> mines. In Home 
 <)f the pits, you will find more (liinamen than whites. Take our market 
 jpirdeneiiH. In market ffardeninjf the Chines«' an' a {jreat success, but 
 what d<M's this nu'an 1 It means that either the white jranlener has be«'n 
 driven out or that he ■< borderinjr on starvation. Why 1 Because the 
 Chinaman can live like a ho<;, on the swill of the hoteK It mean-'> that 
 what is a profit to Chinamen wf>u ■ ' Im' death to the whites : they live on 
 the refuM', on tln' swill, and they (innv rich (m what would be lUarvation 
 to a white jfardencr's family, so that there iw no class in British Columbia 
 to-day inoiv oppostnl to Cliinamen than our market jfanlenei«. 
 
C)ivili>''itioii aiHl cIiriHtianity have tuii){4it iniui iu Uke a lii^lu-r level 
 in this life. They have tnu)>4it Irini to have a h(»iiie for hiiiisolf, to have 
 a wife you will brif^ht^n his ittrugjfle for existence, to liave diilJren 
 perhaps who will till his 'hoine witili their merry prattle and .•onjjs, and 
 whcrevei* you ha\'e the»<e, you have what indicates prosperity. The monv 
 white men are etnployetl, the more white homes are in existenee, the m<M"e 
 is every industry l>enettte<l ; and the fewere of these yoii liave, the uiore 
 will all legitimate business suffer. On the other hand, tlie more China- 
 men you have, tlie fewer stores and industries will flourish ; ami the- 
 more you intnHluee these ba rim riann the more you introduce barbaraniMU 
 and drive out rhnstianity and eivilisativm. And so, in tlu* iitime of 
 my fellow citizens 1 appeal to this House tlmt you, in your wisdom ami 
 righteousness^ may help us in some way to get rid of this great evil, and 
 that you will by y<mr actions proclaim, st> far as tlie futun' in <-on<-erned,. 
 that you are on the side of your CVinadian brethren and are determined 
 to give them all flie faeiliti.es and advantages which this magniticciit 
 eoiintry can furnish them. .lust one w<n-d more, and I have done. The 
 United States have hati to de»il with this (piestion. The legislatures of 
 that country iKK>li-jM>ohed tlie agitation and the (b»siie of the working 
 clajijrtes, but 
 
 RU>1>; BROKE OUT 
 in Nevada aiid Oregtm and ditTerent otlier States and at last as the- 
 culminating act (rf the efforts of tliese st^Ues^iicn the (Jeary A<-t was 
 passed, which is simply an Act of pix>hibition. I may also refer to tlie- 
 struggle which it>ok platre in New South Wales on tin's (piestion. Itut 
 instead of wearying you witli the Act which has Im'cu passed in connec- 
 tion with that struggle, I will simply say that the law is tliere tliat «icl» 
 Chinaman entering New South Walew ha.s to pay a per capita tax of $r)00. 
 So far as British CVylumbJH is concerned that is the demand that I have 
 to make to-day, namely, that the jmt capita be rais<'d from $50 to $5()0. 
 With all due respect to I^i Hung Chang that is our opinion an<l we ought 
 to. know the coiwliticm of the country a great tleal bett<'r than that tlis- 
 tinguished gentleman. You may ask why we demand an increase of this- 
 per capita tax. We ask it in the fii-st place liecauae the $i)0 tax has 
 proved insufficient to prevent this immigration and the influx of ('himjse 
 is going on as fast and as furious to-day a« it ever did in the hisrtory of 
 the country. The cause of this is chiefly, first, tyhees or Chinest'. 
 bosses. ITiese men are comparatively rich, and they make a profit on 
 importing their fellow countrjinen into this Dominion. 'I'^iey jmy the 
 $.'>0 tax and furnisih all the necessjiriea required to these men, and they, 
 become their slaves until they have paid out in toil what the coni|>any. 
 exact from them. Any legislation, as far as the imposition of a per 
 capitax is concerned, umst be legislation which will prevent these tyhee» 
 bringing in their <'ountrymen in onler to make them slaves ami at the 
 same time fill up this country. Another thing which has been against 
 us in this matter is the Canadian Pacific RiiiUvay line of steamships. I 
 
9 
 
 do not want to say a word derogatory to tli.it CVwnpany or to their 
 stmniers. I feel m proud of their niagnifiient sseevsl a« any man in this 
 Dominion. Tlioir ver«el« are in deed a crwlit lM>th to this country and to- 
 the Company that owns them. But we must speak the truth with frank- 
 ness and sobernesH. You know, Sir, that the Company ret-wives from this 
 (loveniment an annual suhsidy of $(i(),(HM), ami from the Province of 
 British Columbia an annuai .nulwidy of $14,00(). I do not object to that, 
 but to this I dn object. If you go on boanl any one of these steamers, 
 v-ou will find them ni'anned by Chinese sdiIoi>4, and filleil with Chinese 
 firemen, waiters and cooks and otiier servants. In fact you would al- 
 most fancy you were in a Chinese town. Now, 1 put this (picstion to 
 honomble meml)ers. Is it fair that the i)eople of Canada should e<m- 
 tribute from their substance to the sup|K>rt t»f a magnificent line <»f 
 steamers in order to enable this Company to employ Chinatnen to run 
 these ships 1 I tliink the jieople who 
 
 MAN THliJSE SHIPS 
 shouhl be taken from the people who contribute: the money. Should not 
 these positions be given to Canadians 1 I know that there are many 
 wJjo would be glad to fill them, and I think we are making a mmlest 
 demand wlien we ask that the«e stetuners should be utilinetl for the 
 l)enefit of the people w hoi-;e money is subs'idising them. But I may l)e- 
 asketl will not this mean total proihibition. 1 cannot say whether it will 
 or not. but I tell you sincerely I hoiw? it will. I hoi)e sincerely that this 
 tax will have the desiivd efl"e<'t of preventing any more Cniinamen from 
 coming into British Columbia or Canada. 1 now want to answer those- 
 men who cry out for cheap lal>or. Now, 1 grant that we must have 
 cheap labor of some kind; but I hold that there are enough white men 
 in Canada to do this labor and they C4Ui do it ;us well an<l as dutiply as 
 any bo<ly of Chinamen p^Msibly can. Wliiit number of Chinamen have- 
 you in British Columbia 1 Accoitling to the last «-ensus we had lO.lXMV 
 Chinamen there. But I suppose honomble gentlemen are aware that 
 census returns are not to 1k' i)etlended \ipon. In tlie course of the in- 
 vestigations of the comnussion of 1884, it was admitted that there were 
 18.(MK) Chinamen in Britisih Columbia. During 18!>2, 3,278 came into the 
 Province. Altogether I l>elieve 1 aju well within the mark when 1 say 
 that there must 1k' in British Columbia at the pre-ent time alx>ut 2l),(¥m> 
 Chinamen — one-fifth of the whole |N>pulation. SupiKwe we grant that 
 cheap labor is alwolutely indis|)ensible. ami even that Chinamen are 
 nee«led to do it — iiave we not enough Oiiinwiiien in the country alreaxlv 
 for this service 1 Are not 20,tKH) enough to do all the cheap lalx>r nece*- 
 S4iry for the development of the Provinw of Mritish Columbia? There may 
 be objections to expelling those that we have amongst us, and I do not press 
 that |>oint. But 1 say. knowing the facts c f t!ie cjise and anxious to do justice 
 to all interested that are com-emed, we have enough and more than enough 
 Ohinamen for all the industries of British Columbia that m.iy require their 
 services. Now. let me say in i>onclusion that this is a burning (piestion. 
 
10 
 
 The people of British roluinlMa are tle<'ply interestttl in this subject. I 
 will not say that they are indignant, 1 will not pitrtuiv them before y«)U 
 jis boiling over with righteous wrath. lint this I will my — that hojie 
 deferretl inakcth the heairt »iek. I appeal to the (jovernnient, ami siiy 
 to them with all earniestness, now is the time to eiishine them.selve» in 
 the hearts of the ])eople of Itritish Colimibia, a |M>(>ple as honest, as in- 
 •iluft'trious, as good as may Ik> found in any ytart iti this in igniticent lam', 
 this Canada. Answer us aetimling to the desire of our hearts and we 
 will make you a Pix>vinee that will be the bright«'Ht gem in the coronet 
 with which the fair bmw of Canada is em-irchil to-day. We want to till 
 that land with hom'st men and bonnie la^sj-s. We want to fill it witli a 
 people who have resjxft for our laws, who will Un-ome citizens of the 
 <»oun'try in which they live and who will be the stnvng support of Cana- 
 <iian and iiritish instituticms. Deny us and let thc.M» people come in. let 
 them fill ourjndustries in the future as they have done in tlie pant, and 
 you will give iw sueh a condition of things as that which (loldsmith has 
 ]>ainfully describ«l in Th(> Dt»«>rted Village. Hut anr^wcv us a<oording 
 to tlie desin» of our hearts and we will give you a Province which will 
 be as Robert Burns describwl his native Scotland : — 
 
 BeloviHl at home, revered abnmd. 
 <Cheers). 
 
 "DAILY WORLD.* \«nco.iver. 
 
 In tlie curifut issue of the "Presbyterian College Journal." ])ublisln>tl 
 in Montreal, there ajiftears an artich> from tlie pen of Mr. (Jeorge U.' 
 Maxwell. M. P.. entitletl The Chiner^e Questitm. and whic'h lia.s called forth 
 etnisiderable comment in the eas^tern |»rcss. .\h the subject is one of 
 ■general interest to tlie i)eoi)le of Hritish Columbia we herewith reproduce 
 the text of the iirticle for the perusal of our readers : 
 
 It is with con.sidenible hesitaticm and trepidation tliat I send an 
 article on this «|ucstion to Monti-ejjl, and especially to a journal ass<K'iate«l 
 with the Pivsbyterian Clmn-h. 1 cj»n rememlx'r that i'mmediately after 
 my biinging the views (►f my fmstituents In-for*- the Mouse of Commons 
 on this matter, thut one of the few bodies which condemned my con- 
 tentions was the learne<l Presbytery of Montre-.il. I have great res|K><'t' 
 for the fathers and brethren who coaupose tliat iniluential Presbytery, 
 I admire the soundn«»ss of their tlieology, t'lieir theivlogical a'ttaimuents, 
 imd their g(MMl work, but it seems to me that tlwy are haixUy fitt<><l to 
 pronounce uiwrn this vexwl ciuestion. at least in the manner indieat*^!. 
 While it is tnie that this (piestion is looming u|» in all <nir great indus- 
 trial centres, yet it is only in British Cohimbia w h«'re you -ee it in all its 
 repulsive features, ami iti s British Columbians who not (vnly to be heard, 
 but who ouglit practically to de^-ide wliat should be d(H«e with the (^hineso 
 emigrants who are coming to our shores. 1 have, however, in this 
 article no ex|>e<tation of converting the old they are always hanl to 
 «*onvert— tJie reason is obvious, but the "hopefuls" of the church are more 
 
11 
 
 pluHtic. and 1 triist that aijiioii^ these we may tiiul t-hampioiiA, who will 
 4.'>iaiupioK our oaiir^e wortliily. 
 
 Perha|w I may Ik* luiidonecl for one more referent'e to the older, and' 
 «hall 1 say wiser IimuU of the ehiiwh. Their |M>sition prom-^ts my 
 sympathy rather than my condemnation. Melievinjr, as they do, in the 
 fatherlKMKl of <io«l, and tlie brotherhood of man. the demand to tax, and 
 to td.\ highly, u brother nnm coming t(» our fair Dominimi seems, to »ay 
 the least (>f it, unbrotherly. Perliaps stronjjer telius mi^ht be in order, 
 and from a sufterfieial ci>nsideration of the (U^timHiK niitflit bo perfectly 
 Justifiable. I ean rememlM'r the time wben I would have charaeterised 
 thiH agitation as almost a disgrace to our common humanity. But 
 dmtrines are nixt the criterion by which pruve nor-ial, indurttrial and 
 ]N)]itical evils are «leci»led. Sentiment is not .ilways a safe guide. It i* 
 true that «'iivunistaii<-es alter and must alter chm»s. Theories Hometimes 
 work badly in jjractice. Certain ci>nditions demand the application of new 
 remedies. This is one of these pivuliar caM's w jiich upset the theories of 
 ]i<)liticai wonomisits, an<l make it im|>o.ssibIe to carry out the tetu-hings 
 4>( c«'i tain noble dectrines. much as we woiiM like to do sa. We have »e<»n 
 the evil complained about. For seven years we have been face to face 
 Willi it. We have i-ome in c«>ntact with all its raiuitications, so that hav- 
 ing seen what we Imvc si'cn. we haven't the sliglitest hesitation in saying, 
 that a pnihihitory law would not only be gcMRl for JJritish Columbia, 
 bill would be g«K)d for the Chinese themselves. . . . 
 
 Let me now deal with a few |M>ints whi< h have Mome connection with 
 the Milijjvt in hand. Fii'st. the Cliinese are kindly treated in British 
 <'olumlmi. I make that statement, because some might imigine other- 
 wise. Small boys and dogs are their woivt enemie-t — especially the latter. 
 It is strange but true, every «big has a gniwl for a ChiiKiman. I can 
 give no explanation. You Uiust draw your own inferences. There have 
 been a few as.-».iults made on our Celestial band but v«*ry few. They 
 ■4'njoy the same protection as any other uM'tiiber of the community, anil 
 an assault upon a Cliinaman would be nn)re sr\crely punislted than one 
 upon a. \\ hite man. They are, as a whole, spe ially favored. They are 
 permitted to ctMigregHte, to huddle t<»getlier, wlien white men would be 
 brought up and fined for violating the s^mitary laws of tlie City. Kveiy 
 church is oi)en to them.^ Kvery domination has s|M>cial clas.ses for them. 
 They are given secular and religious (nlucation often without money and 
 without price. To draw them more ^xKverfully, a great many young 
 ladies become their teachers. Ninety |H'r cent, of them iiiake fairly gooil 
 wages, but .loliu is like many Sm tciimeii — he won't pay if he can get 'Hit 
 of it. Xo dxiibt be is amazed betimes at his own self-importance, .is 
 niiinifc led by t!ie solicitude on tiie part of the chmches. and when he nees 
 them ,-<> eager to brinj,* himinto indtistriil cinijietition with his white 
 bioMier. he says it's a g{M)d joke, but let them i ay for it. Tiie kingdom 
 of money is of far .more importani'c to,lo)in than llie kingdom of Heaven. 
 Our jails are open to him, and judging from statistics, he o cupies far 
 
12 
 
 more than his «Imie of sm«h phu-eH, at «the oo»t of the Caiiadiaii bread- 
 winner and taxpayer. So. tlien. John has fair play given him. However 
 the British Columbian may growl, and he has good r«a.son, as *we shall 
 see. Jolm is aa safe, and as higlily respected, an if he were in \im own 
 land. 
 
 Again, we do not ai^k for the expulsiion of the Chinese. A great 
 many speak an if this was our eontention. Nothing of the kind. We are- 
 willing to allow those who are with us to remain and make tlieir prle.' 
 tiranted what some say in true, that a certain amount of che«ip labor is 
 requiretl; we reply, that we have enough, and more than enough. W& 
 wi^i to treat fairty a*id squarely every Oiinaman who has been brought 
 into the eountrj'; but, at llio same time, we claim the right to have a 
 law hat will make it dittii'ult for intending emigrants to get in. No 
 injustice is intended. 
 
 Again, the demand made that the tax should Im' raised to $.100 per 
 capita is not a new tiling. Of coui-se, neither iis newness nor its oldne!«- 
 makes it riglit or wrong: but there are some people who have a jjerfec't 
 1 .rror of a new thing. To say that a tilling is new is suHicient to con- 
 demn it in their eyew. History tenches that it is hard to estaWi'sh new 
 things. So far as this question is concerned, there are quite a few who 
 think that this <lemand is a new thing, and therefore iinprecedenteil. In 
 short, because it is new, it ougQit not to l>e granted. But it is not new. 
 Other countries l)cfore iw liave had to grapple with this self-sjime ques- 
 tion. History is only rej)cnting itself ko far as (Canada is coiicerneil. 
 Selfishness is largely resjionHible for what has taken anil what is taking* 
 place. Sometimes Chinamen 'Spot" a countrj' and make a rush for it. 
 They crowd in. and keep crowding in. More often it is employers of 
 htbor. who, having failed to carry out their avaricious designs, have in- 
 vitcjl Chinamen to cotne and help them to make more money than they 
 could or can make by means of the white workingman. That's where 
 and how the evil lia.« In-gun. and the rea>«n why this emigralion if* com- 
 mended and enciHirrtgtd. One of the Austrjilrais has had to impose a 
 $500 tax. New Zealand has followed suit. Hawaii luis closed its 
 doors against the (Miinaman, and we all know what Americji has done. 
 We in Canada, then, who are asking the Hou^ie of CVwnm^ns to increase- 
 the tax to this amount, are but asking for legislation that other countries 
 have passwl, and have been compelled o pa.ss. The very same thing.**- 
 are staring us in the fact as were before them, and I cannot see how we 
 can avoid doing what they have done. 
 
 Again, it has lM»en urged by sK^ne, that were our House of Comnir,n» 
 to iivrease the tax to the amount desiretl, it would be vetoed by the 
 British (Joveritment. This objection i* purely imaginary. It is one 
 of those hobgoblins which an objector will raise for the purptw of 
 frigli<tening the agitators ; but there "ain't nothing to it." The very 
 reverf=e will happen. While (treat Britain might for her own interest* 
 wish that we sdmuldn't do anything of the kind, and while she might 
 
13 
 
 tliiiik it objectionable legislation, yet dw would do as she has done 
 Already with the colonies previously mentioned ; that Is, she would do 
 nothing. Our problems are different from lieis, and she is wise enough 
 not to allow us to 'se^le such questions as this a.s circumstances demand. 
 We have now arrived at the crucial i)oint, viz., why do we demand 
 fresli legislation \\"it)h regard to tho Chinese, or, in other wonls, what 
 reasons have we which together make it necessiuy that something along 
 these lines should be done. To discuss thit* matter intelligently, one 
 must have evidence to guide him. We may fonu our opinions and give 
 our judgment either by means of what we have seen ourselves or by 
 means of what others have seen. We in lJriti«fh Columbia have all the 
 evidence we reijuire at our doors; you in the east n>ay consult the report 
 of the Comniisaion which was upijointed in 1884. That report is a 
 voluitiinous volume, well printed and handsomely got up; but while there 
 is a great deal of matt*»r in it — not alwaj-s bearing on the point — and 
 while it is not so strongly rqjresentative of liritish Columbia's opinion 
 on this 9ubje<'t, as it ought to "have been — if the people had been i)Top- 
 •erly consulted «nd ropi-esented — yet one will find enough in it to con- 
 vince tlie moHt .sceptical that we have a great desil of right on our side. 
 As 1 wish neither to overetate nor miB-state the evidence, we shall glance 
 At it as fully as possible. 
 
 Firstly — Some aay the agitation against the Olifneat is purely n 
 political que»*tion. One gentleman who handed in his evidence to the 
 •Commission says: " The agitation against the Chinese has been almost 
 eaiTied forward, chiefly by politicians who have sought the suffrages of 
 the laboring man by keeping up the cry of ' the Chinese must go.' " I 
 havent's the slightest hesitation in saying that that statement is not 
 true. There is no l*r(>vince in the Dominion that has had fewer poli- 
 ticians and less ao-called politics than British Columbia. Party politics 
 up till the last election have cut a smalll figure in Provincial elections. 
 Hence the agitation is not the work of the politicions — it ia the work of 
 the people. Sometimes this objwtion has conwderable influence in form- 
 ing the opinions of others i)n account of the standing of the men >v*ho 
 make it. A gi'eat many people rigihtly or wrongly are pi-ejudiced against 
 politician's, and will believe any charge that is laid against them. I 
 Avill not defend the piofes.<doniil i>olitioian; he can defend himself; but 
 I say it is cruel to charge these men for doin}^ w hat they have not done, 
 for if ever a question was a people's question, this is the one beyond all 
 mistake. Never was there more unanimity than on this, and they (the 
 people) will fig^lit for the triiimph of their views to the bitter end. We 
 have no sooner disposed of this than another from a different quarter 
 confronts us. A doctor, wlien rqjlying, and giving his learned views aa 
 to the yource of the agitation, insteaxl of laying the bhime on the poli- 
 tician, throws the blame on those who throw their earnings away in buy- 
 ing whiskey. These are the responsible ones, according to this disciple 
 of Aesculapius. I characterise this as another departure from the truth. 
 
 
u 
 
 Tliese may gi-owl, but if such chHract<>)V4 ulon«' ilanioun-d for tliiH, why 
 there would Iw no ('hiiM'f»e quPHtion in UritiMli ("oiuinl»ia. I niakc thV 
 Htiitenient witiiout fnir of contradiftion. tiiat l\u' uwwt sober, the nuwt 
 intelJi>i;ent, tlie most moral, the most relijjious men \\v liave are the ba<'k- 
 Iwme of tiie a;.'it»ti()n. and tlieir .-uperior cannot lie found in any part of 
 Canada to-day. 
 
 Secondly — Moral considerations constrain a ^jreat many in deinandinK^ 
 this legislation. I do not wish to enter into tliis (|u««Mti<m fully— jis w halt 
 I could say would not grace the page)* of your ".lournar — but thos«« w ho 
 urge this point are in the right. You will no tloubt be told by some that 
 the Chinaman is a paragon «-om|)ared with the white man; but these, in 
 my opinion, «poil their cam*. The Chinaman is not an angel, ah these 
 would have you believe: he is, in truth, a fallen man. As the Hon. 
 John Robson sjiid — who was a good I'resibyterian and an elder of the^ 
 church — "I consider their habits «re as filthy as their morals." ITnder 
 this head we inigQit state that their habits are most obnoxious. A greiit 
 many people, esper-ially in the east, think they know all alH>ut this prob- 
 lem because they have three or four Chinamen in their town. lx?t me 
 Siiy, with all possible respw-t to th«*s<>. timt they don't know anything 
 about it and have no means of knowing about it. A 
 Chinese qunrter in a City — such as we iiave them on the 
 Coast — ^is a danme<l s])oit, a si>ot that no }j(K»d citizen can l>ehold Avithout 
 indignation. They crowd and huddle together. In small nxMus they 
 are packed like herring in a barrel. The smell of opium i» stifling. You 
 oonld set potatoes in the dirt. In the woixls of our late Premier, their 
 premises are filthy. Hut ijerhajjs sonie may .isk, why don't y(m make 
 them live decently 1 Why t because they won't, and you can't make- 
 them. As the Superintendent of the City Police f«id, it is imiM>ssible 
 to make them comply with any law, ami especially the 8*nvita?-y laws. 
 That is as true to-day as it was l;{ yejus ago. only the evil exists in a 
 more aggravateid fonn. 1 i)ass ovef these things lightly, beca\ise this 
 di-^als with evils w hich no one cares al>out handling in pjiblic. Tlwy are- 
 there, however, in their most malignant and revolting forms. They are 
 Asiatics, and bring their Asiatic civilisation (t) with them. They pnu'- 
 tice their vices withoiit »hamefacedne><s. They give ns spectacle after 
 spwtade of the oi)ium field, and breed lepnmy in our midst. Why- 
 should a self-rewjxH'ting people l>e cursetl wiith such things ? Why should 
 the fairest Province in the lX>minion be compellwl to nurture siu'h things 
 at its heart ? Why should we lie forced to admit within our gates such 
 a mass of comiption, then have to h»ok at it from day to day, and at last 
 have to suffer fr<Mu its corruptive influence ? Why, T ask. in the name- 
 of our w)mmon humanity ? I hold no reasonable man can answer. 
 
 Thirdly, Oliinamen give endless trouble. A gi'eat many of them are- 
 criminals: in fact, we could not expect anything else, considering the claa» 
 to which most of them '»>tlong. The>' commit olTences, minor and major. 
 A CliiiiMnan can take a hand at anything in that line. From keeping 
 
15 
 
 lioiiH4>s of priHtitiitioii, to };aiiililin}r, sttnilint; iiml mniip^lin};, they iiiakif 
 U|> a pretty ci-j^litahU' i'i>c(M'«l «'very yejir. A larfje portion of the tiiim 
 of our polic<' in devoted to tlu**e ('elewtialH without wlnjjfs, hihI I lielievp 
 our p«»liee fon-e lias tc) lie auKutented in order to uM>et tlieir demands. 
 They are exptft liaix. As one capable witnesH says : " We have j»i"e«t 
 difliculty in trat-in^ ciiuie tlinrtig>li their ivluetance to ^rive evidence, and 
 b«Taus«? tluiir evidence cannot Im* relied upon." Another : " If any 
 ciinu" is coniniittcil. ycni cannot >i«->t anytliin^r out of thetn. They ti'll 
 you. when anked. ' They do not savey.* They are strangers and foreign- 
 ers to the truth." 
 
 Fourthly. Their su'civt wK'itiew are a positive nuisance and inennce to 
 our civil institutions. It is not nweswary to enter into tlie vexe«l (pies- 
 tion of secret sm-ieties, but such «s are founded for benevolent and charit- 
 al)lc pur|K>s<>s reipiiiv no defence ; their gt>od (Ic<h1h vindicate them at all 
 times. Jf such were tlu' kind of stx-ietis which Chinamen iniporte<l they 
 should haxc my wiirmest prais»». Unfortuimtely for our country, they 
 are of another kind. They baulk our law, and frustrate the ends of 
 justice. Within their secret conclaves conspiracie,-* are hatchet!, and 
 murders dclennined. As yet t'hes<» rival organisations have not «larctl 
 to siiow their denunrisit nnichinations to any great extent: b«it we are 
 familiar with their workings in places like San Fmncisco. What they 
 do their will l)e done here whenever it suits their purposes. We are 
 alive to the {MMMibilities, and we are detennined that such things shall 
 not b tolerateid umler the Maple \A\\f. 
 
 Fifthly, a large n>im'l>er of these Chinese emigrant's are nothing but 
 sla\es. We are all oppose<l to slavery. The very name is abhorent. As 
 things stand w<' hav(» u band of the most hopeless and helpless of .slaves, 
 and the law as it stantls encoumgcs and recognises the sann*. The uumIuh 
 oiK-'randi is something like this : We have Chinese l)088es. These are 
 our slave ownei-s. and their grip is tight. 'i'hey hire their w««ker 
 brethren in China, and by psiying their expenses and other im-identals 
 become the loixis of their bodies. The slaves contract to remain in their 
 service, to do their bidding until the uttei-most farthing has been paid. 
 They land on our shoren, and are at once Uiken pos-session of by the slave- 
 masters. From that nuwnent every de>-ice is practisetl to make it impos- 
 sible for these poor creatures to get rid of their indebtednetw. We want 
 to braik up this slavery. The prasent tax only bonds the fetters the 
 firmer. The slave-mw-ster c«m pay it, ami by paying it, makes the slaves 
 more and moi-e his own. To get rid of him, and to get rid of his ne- 
 farious art, we must raise the tax to such a point as will make his busi- 
 ness impossible, and in our humbyle oi>inion the $500 tax is the remedy 
 
 at hand. 
 
 Sixthly, the Chinese are binla of pasfla^. They are no^ citizens, 
 and have no intention of becoming citizens. They have not the slightest 
 idea of what citizenship means. Tliey come for one purpose only, and 
 that it to make money. That is, no doubt, a weakness characteristic of 
 
16 
 
 more than Chinamen, but every other nationality gives something back 
 in return for whait they obtain. They are suckers. ' They will help 
 
 nothing. Every Canadian institution which is our pride and our boast 
 would wither and die were it left to the tender .sympatliies of the China- 
 men. They bring nothing in save a few rags, and t nice all they can beg 
 or borrow out. They impoverish everyone and everything but them- 
 selves. They are of no u«ie to our chunnhes, schools, merchants; they 
 which beoMnes the more intolerable as their number increase. \Miat 
 British Columbia, requires and demands is citizens. Foreigners are out 
 of place. We have many things to offer; we have untold wealth. I ask 
 .any rcasonoble man if our demand is unreasonable, when we demand that 
 those who come flhould and must come to help us to build up those insti- 
 tutions which are our glory. They must be given as well as receivers. 
 .Schools and churches must be supposed. Municipal, Provincial and Do- 
 minion governments must be maintained, and for such the Chinaman is 
 himply no good. He cmiies to us a stronger, he leaves us a stranger, and 
 .all the while he has been with us he has evaded every tax, and refused to 
 bear a portion of any burdens being borne by the people. 
 
 Seventhly, the Chinese are stumbling-blocks in the way of our own 
 Avorking people. This is the strength of the whole agitation, and is to 
 jue the chief reason why Chinese emigration should practically cease. Our 
 working classcifv are those who are pinched; they deserA'e and demand to 
 be heard. Of course thei'e are some, capitalists or the friends of capi« 
 talists, who say that the Chinese make work for our own people. That 
 i.s errant non-sense. I glance over the evidence given before this com- 
 mis.'^ion, and it is overwhelmingly against this preposterous statennent. 
 Tlie Hon. A. E. B. Davie, Attorney-General, says : "A laborer will 
 usually find a market !av his labor, but finds he cannot compete with the 
 Chinaman." Dr. Hehncken testifies: "The Chinese take the work 
 from the white laborer, and take it at a oheofper rate." The representa- 
 tive of the working chisbes declares : " Their mode of living, a few 
 cents per day, and the absence of families among them, will make the 
 white men poAverless to compete against them for labor." That is the 
 real Chinese question. Now, my sympathies are all with our own 
 people. Charity begins at home, so should fair play. We ought to be 
 just before we are generous. I wish no harm to befall the Chinaman, 
 buti say thait our first duty as a church and as a nation is to see that 
 those who build our churches and support them, that those who are 
 building up Canada, and helping tc maintain her institutions shall have 
 fair play, so as to earn what wM'l support not only themselves, but also 
 their wives and families. In spite ot "gush," I say it's a crime to storve 
 our own people in order tihat Chinamen may become rich. But it is 
 said : We require cheap labor. I am no lover of cheap 
 
 labor. As a minister, I know what that means. A cheap 
 minister is a dear minister. Clieap laborers are not very 
 beneficial to a country. Cheap labor is synonymous with poverty. 
 
sa 
 
 piu>iiii<>s, Itiit lie does not know tiie reaflon. Any Honniblp ninn ciin divine- 
 tiu' reason. Tlio boy^, through nejjlect of their parenta. hav»' no sense 
 and know no bettor. Tlie dojfs are trained by men, and are naturally 
 inclined to attack stranj?ers. 
 
 If a Chinaman has a )M>y and a dog, and they see Mr. Maxwell for 
 the lirst time dressed in his be»t, I think it is very likely the dog will 
 growl at him, and the boy ga/e at him in astonisluuent, i>ut would have 
 learned enoug*h from his parents not to insult him. I think tliis is a 
 self-evi<lent fact to any intelligent j)ersun, though it may not be .so to an 
 ignoramus. He a(rus«>s the Chines*' of being the oir-soouring of tiie gaols, 
 slaves, etc. I wonder where he procured his informatiim ? Can he 
 distinguisli which is the slave who sold himself, and wliich the slave boss, 
 an«l can he prove the truth of his sttitements ? If he cannot prove it, 
 his abuse is an invention of his own to cast aspersicm on the China- 
 man. Can he stand before (Jod, and in the face of Justice of the l^md 
 and contrary to tlie teachings of the IHble. He who is a minister of (iod, 
 and a member of the House of Commons, can he. I say, disregard the 
 biw ? If he does not sj)eak the truth, how dcM's he expect to convince 
 or teach the i)eople if he does not treat them right ? He says the Chinese 
 fill the gaols. The (Jovernment can produce the evidence which can 
 upset this statement. Surely he does not mean to say tiiat all the 
 pri-soners are Chinese V All intelligent persons know bett»>r. 
 
 He says the Chinese are universally addicted to smoking opium. All 
 intelligent perstms know that opium if abutted is harmful. Who intro- 
 duced opium into (liina and forced China to take it ? f say it was 
 Kngland, and the sooner England aboli>«hes the opium traflic, the better 
 it will be for all parties. Hut no, gentlemen, England never will, there 
 is too much nioney in it. 
 
 If you •'<lucate a man to be a gentlenuin. he is a gentleman always. 
 If you teach him to be a rogue, he is a rogue always, and each has his 
 own particular liking. Scmie like opium and some like whiskey, both 
 of which are hantiful if abtised. Which, T ask creates the gre-ater harm 
 and mif^ery. There are two classes. The good and u|)riglit will do 
 what is right, wliilst the low-minded follow what is evil. (Jod created 
 all things in the world, botli good and bad. and in spite of all good tcadi- 
 ings the bad element will still show itself : they cannot all folhvw the 
 good way of which they are advised. How tlien can he say tliat tlie 
 Chinese are the only bad people '! 
 
 As a member of Parliament. Mr. Maxwell is sui>poscd to be u])- 
 right and intilligent. and was elected to pnmujte the welfare of the 
 country to which he belongs, and should be eai-eful in all he says or does. 
 and w ho would not then agrw with him ? Mut if lie is abusive an«i un- 
 just and «leceiving how can he expsct pe<nJe to be satisfie<l V 
 
 If this country is not going to be benefitted by the Chines*', he can 
 talk about keeping them out, but shouhl not abuse and insult tliem. 
 
34 
 
 Ahiine nnd insult uro nnt tlM> \v«-aiMin!« with which thin queHiion HhotiM 
 be foup;ht out. 
 
 You sj»y thcChiiM'rte quarter in a "*Iuiiim«>*1 rtpol, a spot that no g<KHl 
 eiti/en can hcliohl without in«li;jnation.'' Ho in very (jnick to cast rcllec- 
 tions of a daina^in); cluiractcr, hut liow doi-s ho account for it that wliite 
 nieix'hants who have doaliufrs and coiuniercial iiitercours«» witii tlie Chinese 
 never niuke any coniphiint such as that nuide l»y Mr. Maxwell, and apiin 
 duriu); the Cliinose New Year celebration all the lioiHt |>oople of your 
 City of both sexos, old and youn^, make the round of this "dimmed 
 spot" in honb's, iu honor of the iM-oLsion, prai.s«! evi-rythinj? they m»o ami 
 further enjoy the hospitality oi the Chin<'so by (Nirtakin^ of the jjooil 
 thin<;A provided for the oo«ision. Would this bo the case if our spot were 
 s\u'h »is Mr. Maxwell would leatl jjeople to believe. So you see the evil 
 intent on Mr. Maxwell's part is so ;jlarin*j tiiat one wonders how a man 
 ordained as a Christian minister and teacher can so far for;jct himself 
 and {live vent to such fabulous exajifjerations and untruths. 
 
 He wants to increase the tax from $.■»(( to .^.KM) to prevent them from 
 comin<; in. Why then does he tax them iji'UK) and let them come in 'i 
 Why not exclude them jiltoffether ? 
 
 He says they won't be<'ome citizens ? \\'»'ll he knows why. That 
 is beeau.se they are ill-treated by whitemeu. He says " Chinese must <ro " 
 restriction to-tlay. exclusion to-nuuTow. and .ii")(K> next day and .so forth. 
 I feel n.shain(Hl of this mj'self, and am not happy and am consequently 
 in constant f««r of s<mie harm l)«>fallin<j me. ()n« will naturally seek a 
 place where his ha]y])iness is not in c(»nstant danjjfcr of beinf; summarily 
 nmrrcd. 
 
 lie .says a Chinaman will not pay if he can <^et out of it like a 
 Scotchman. As far as '' the Scotchman '" ^'oes, Mr. Maxwell is possibly 
 comi)etent to si)eak. but it is very evident lie can know nothing of the 
 Ciiines«! race on this particular point, as 1 venture to state that they 
 are ])unctual in the fultilment of their obligations with white men. while 
 th(' reverse ctmnot always l)e said, ami ()f Chinese transjictions amonjjst 
 themselves, ho knows nothing. (^hinese doinjj business with whiles are 
 very little indebte*! to the whileman, wheniis the whitemen owe lar;»o 
 sums to the ('hinese. It is a well-known maxim with all nations : '' If 
 he can't pay, he can't and that ends it." 
 
 He .sjiys the Chinese are increasing, and restriction must be i)ut on 
 to prevent them from taking the country. On account of lack of imluce- 
 nii'uts. such as work to k<»ep themselves, they come in luTo and pay )i!.">0, 
 but do not stay but go to the{^tat«'s and other places in what numbers 
 T am unable to .say, but Canadian Customs will .sliow. 
 
 Canada opens its doors to us, still the ('hinese do not increase in 
 number. At presi»nt 1 am. sure there are not more than 10,(M¥) Chin(>se 
 in the whole Dominion of Canada. Considering the area of Canada, there 
 is any amount of unoccupied land, and I do not see how 10,0(K) Chinese 
 
35 
 
 f 
 
 aiir nuiii).' to ruin tli*> |ni»)*|>«'«'tH of tin* vountry. So far u^ I can we, the 
 < 'liiiu>iM> ini' a ^rrcat lu'iu'lit, a.H for iiiNtancc Die ^^aliiinii caiinerivs (Miiploy 
 from :{.<Min tu 4.()0(), iiiiiiorH ].(MHI, faniici-H 7<MI to H(N). alxnit I.IMNI art> in 
 nuMcantiU; I)iis1ii«>hm, the coiil niincr.s cniploy from 4(M) to '»(K> and otlicr 
 kinilH of work from H(NI to tHN). 
 
 Till.' <-tiiinin)r l)iHin«*Hs is that in vhicli thi- ( 'hin<>K(> an' most oxtcnsivi'- 
 ly cmphiyt-d, and their rarnin^H di-rivrd from each si'asiHH work are 
 hardly suliicifnt to kiH'p IxhIv and soul to^rcllu-r on at-counl of thi' >hort- 
 Mt'ss of tlu> st'as«m. Tlui best hands put in tliMM- or four months in a year, 
 and earn about iHl'iO. less board. th<> ordinary hands work about a month 
 01 six wt't'ks and «'arn bctwH'u .If-VI and )|!)tO, less boaixl. which hnives but 
 a small mai'<rin. and so you s«>4' they ar«> (-ompt'lh>d to work unless they 
 fid something; steadier. Tliey |>i>y Provincial tax. $.'i. and roud tax. $2, 
 fln<l neither run away from it or contest their liability in the <'ourts, 
 and there is so little left at the «'nd of the seascm that tiiey are rompelled 
 to be frugal and do tlie best they <-an by living cheajdy in small plac«'s. 
 A nnin of wealth would like to live in comfort in a lar<;c place, but thv 
 poor workin*; man with no family has to live in a small place just the 
 name as the wliite working' man. 
 
 The tin. piy hiid and other ;i(MMls used in the canneries <'<rmes from 
 Kn;;land. but in return the pr(«luce of the canneries is sent to Kn<rhui(l 
 and other countries. nn<i thi> money is brought into the Province, and in 
 order to compete witli American canneries where ChiiU'sc are employed, 
 and with better facilities and advanta;res. the Hritisli Columbia canneries 
 have to em]doy chea]) Chim'se labor, for white labor would he too exiM»n- 
 Hive. and mak<> the product <»f Pritisili ('(diimbia canneries t(H> hifih as 
 (■om|mred with that of the American canneiies. hence I say tiu' Chinese 
 are a benelit and not a detriment to Hritish Columbia. 
 
 As for yold miners, the (liinew jjo over the ;;round the second time 
 after the ground lni.s \ufn worked and abandontnl by whitemen. With 
 a little i)atience they <j;ather up all the {fold that has been lost. Their 
 industry in this ])articular may be considered a {iift of nature and Canatla 
 is benefit t(>4:l thereby. 
 
 The Chinese farmers raise crops of ve^jelabb's and cereals which other- 
 wiw would have to <m* impoited from other countries. My s<( doinjr they 
 open up ajfricultural lands, fertilise the soil, and I fail to understantl 
 why this is no benefit to Canada. 
 
 In mercantile business they do both an import and an «'xptnt trade, 
 and I cannot see why Canada is not benefit t«Ml thereby. 
 
 As to the laborers, who amount to a few hundred, they would like 
 to {;et as {(oo<l wa<;es as the white laborer, but men of small means or 
 workiufj for small wa^es cannot afford to employ a man to work for 
 him who exjMH-tK to jret a.s nuich wa^es as his employer. The enqdoyer 
 must ^et eheaper lahor than hi.s own if lie wishes to have sivme one to 
 work for Iiim. 
 
J6 
 
 Mr. Maxwell MiyH a clieap man in a diMr man. rndpr certain <-<>n<li- 
 tiunH this may Ih> corni-t, l>ut I r>ay tlial a man eurninf; a Mmall ineom« 
 cannot atroni to hire a hi<^i wa^e man. and conHefpipntly <*hea|) hibor irt 
 of benefit to thoMe whiiMe t^trninKM are Minall. 
 
 .Mr. Maxwell sav.i the ('liineH«> take all their wealth to Chi 
 
 na. 
 
 I rtllV 
 
 it eortts money to come here, and we pay money to m't in here and npend 
 
 He d<H'H not nay anything about t'oreijiners 
 
 nionev w 
 
 hil 
 
 e we are Here, 
 
 from other coiintrien who come here and make from $1(N>.INNI to .1(2(KI.(MN> 
 and then leave for their liotnes. Why doen he ke<'p Ixtth eye.n o|»eii to 
 watch for the Chinaman who ^(H'.h away with his |Miltry hundreds, and 
 not reserve half an eye for the other forcifrncrs with their thousands t 
 Ah I understand it, the tn-aty is to promote trade and commerce lietween 
 the two nations, China and Kn^'land n<»t to restrict it. 
 
 He calls them "semi-savages." Tliey were born in Cliina and have 
 been there for th««isands erf years, and are •'«lucate»l ami civilised aecord- 
 in>i lo the manners and custo^ms of their country, in the sjime way as the 
 inliabitants of any other country. Mere, irf course, tlu'y are stranj^ers 
 to tlie manners and customs of tlie country, as whitemen are when they 
 ^'o to China, but they know rif^lit from wron),', and they study the law of 
 the country and abide by them to tlu* best nf their ability, and I er 
 
 heard cf a Chin'.iman abusing a whiteman. but tlu' whitenian abuse- iie 
 (liinaman, and I say that the few Chim'se who are liere do not prevent 
 whiteiuen fnnii coming here to settle. 
 
 The strong conservative princi|»les of the Chinaman as evinced by his 
 4-ontinue<l use of the Oriental dress, and the <|ueue i^ a mark of fidelity 
 to tlie i»r«'sent reigning dynasty by whom that particular dress was in- 
 troduccil, anil shows their loyalty just as the Knglir^h are loyal to their 
 (/ucen and the Prince of Wales. 
 
 The manner of education is principally the cause of China's want of 
 progress. She has ncrt jiaid pro])er attention to those of her race w ho are 
 not so well eilueated. and as they find little to do at home they are com- 
 pelled to go to foreign countries to better tlieni.selvew. 
 
 It is to be regrett(Hl that China, ha.s no representative liere who could 
 plead on behalf of its people in such eases as the jjretsent. Know ing this 
 .Mr. Maxwell has taken upon himself to abuse then) in their helpless con- 
 ^lition, as he knows they have no one tt> represent them who can answer 
 him face to face. I have, therefore, tried to explain the truth in n'gard 
 to the Chinese question, and I hope the honorable gentlemen of the House 
 of Commons will seriously look into this que.stion, as between man and 
 man and do justice in tlie discussion of this juatter as regards the Chinese 
 who Are in Canada at the pi-esent time. 
 
 («UNG C^HUCK. 
 
 President Chinese Hoard of Trade. 
 Vancouver, K C, April 9th. 1898. 
 
:i7 
 
 Ttiu lioiiiirahlc ^entlttiicii ^*i tlic ll(»iiHt' <if CoiiniionH at Ottawu uru 
 the jii(l^"'s aiitl jiny in thin inattt-r, and taking that vit>\\ «>f tlir ciim' 1 
 hi'}' to <lra\\ tlifir atttrntioii to tlit* s|H>«fli of Mr. (icuixf K. Mavvvrll «U- 
 livfU'il iM'fon- tlu' lionnral)l«> };cntl*>ni<'n on nie )>tli of Sopti'inhiT, A. I)., 
 iKlHt. alnu tilt' letter of Mr. ('. .\. Coliuan. .MiMMionary of tli«> I'li'Hliytt'rian 
 Clniri'li in Canada to tlic (Niiiii-sc in Hritisli Colinnltia. an<l Mr. W. A. 
 ('nni,\()\v. Cliiiifno Intrcpctt-r of tlu* Mainland of Mritinji Cohinihia in 
 rchnttal of tli«' cliarf^cH niadi' in the lionoralilf ;;('ntU>nian'H t|K-«>«-li aliovu 
 nitntioni-d. .Ni'xt I will draw you attention to an article writtor by the 
 honoraldc •rcnllfnian to the " Prci-ltyterian Collefic .loiiriial." piililiHlusi 
 in M<intr<-al. on |i*>ru»:il of wliicli yon tannot ii«-l|> noticing to what a }(r<nit 
 (•.\tcnt tlin lionorahli* irentleinan lia>^ drawn in his horiin in ciiniimrison 
 with the -|H'»'ch made liefore your lioinnahle body, sliowin^r thai then' 
 was <>(mmI ^.'loiind for the statements in rebuttal made in I lie letters of 
 .Mes-is. Ciilman mid Cuniyou. 
 
 Next I woidd draw y(»ur attention to the fireat versatility, if it may 
 he so termed, of t he lionorable };entlenian who preaehed a s«'rmoM before 
 the Or.in^ie Society in X'aiicouver on the first day of Ntivenvber, ISIMI. in 
 whii I' the followiiij; passjifje (k-cims : 
 
 ••rii;inks flirt lier to tlie ^jrowinji )irominence which has lan-n ^iiven to 
 the fatherhdii.l of (iod and the hrotheriiood of man. we realisi> that 
 thoii;i)i di\ ided in our opinions or our views of divine trulhs. that tliou^')) 
 we worship in dillirent churches, witli ditieri lit rituals, and that tliou^li 
 we have diflVreiit diiiouiinational names, yet we are all the otV-priii}; of 
 one Father, and luellireii of the Lord .l«>sus Christ, the Son of (icui. the 
 Saviour of uu'ii. Yes. I repeat it. we live in better days. The truth d* 
 clearer, the li^rht is purer, cliarity is -tweeter, men are hiimaiier than ever 
 before, and our duty is. lud to set man a^'aiiist man. not to stir up strife, 
 not to throw Imuics of discord amoii^ those who lisp the s.iimi prayer, 
 Kin;,' the same sonars, adore the safu»> (Jod. and who arc strivinj; to reach 
 the same Heaven, but to do unto men as we would likt> men sliould do 
 unto us. In other w<u'ds in these days our undividtHl aims should be to 
 teueli that point : "' 
 
 '"When each ean feel hl» brother's sigh 
 
 And witli him be.ir a part : 
 W'lien s(Mrow Hows from eye to eye, 
 
 And joy from he.ut to heart. - 
 
 When free ,*roni envy, scorn and pri«lo. 
 
 Our w islios all above, 
 I'^ach can his brother's failings hide 
 
 And show a brotlier's love. 
 
 When love, in one delightful streuin. 
 Through each bosom flow>< : 
 
 When union sweet, and clear esteem 
 In every action glows. 
 
38 
 
 Love is tilt' golden chain that binds 
 
 The liappy houIh above ; ■ • 
 
 And he's tin lieir of Iltviven, that finds 
 
 His bosom glow with love." 
 
 From this, Iionomble gentlemen, we may see that this so-called ora toi- 
 ls all things to all men, a veritulilc jumping-jack in oratory, and judge 
 the case accordingly. He would li-ad you to believe that he is an <'X- 
 
 pert on the Chinese question, us it e.vists in Hritish Columbia, whereas 
 his exjjerience has only been amongst the few of the lowe-^t class of Cliin- 
 ese, such as wcjod choppers, market gaixleneis, swill giithercrs and (ish 
 liawkers. Of the letter class of ( liinese lie has told you nothing, for he 
 knows notliing. To him all Chinamen are alike, and like many otliei-s 
 wliose wisii is father to the thought, he does not kn(vw one Cliininian 
 from another. Again, by showing y<m the number of Chinese wlio land 
 in \'aneouver by every trip of the Empresses, and adding them all to- 
 get'JHM'. he would lead you to believe that these are all landed and remain 
 here, and conse<|uently that tlie Cliinese |K)j)ulation is lai'gely on tl\e in- 
 crease, whereas if he did not wisli to iioml-wink you lie would jiiocet-d 
 to inform you that scarcely one in ten of the Chinese landed lu'ic i*>main 
 in the country. 'I'iiey are only birds of passage on their way to tlie 
 States, Mexico. ( hile. Havaim and ot'iier jdaces, where Cliinese labor has 
 to be employed on account of the torrid nature of the ciiniate. He gives 
 you 20,(M)() as the probable number of Chinese at present in IJritisli Colum- 
 bia, whilst the missionaries who are pi-etty well posted on the matter, 
 place the number at less than half his estimate. Now. gentlemen. I ask 
 in all reason what dependence can you place on the utterances of tiiis 
 honorable gentleman who sees <mly the side of the (juestion whicli suits 
 his case '! A man who gives you a most en::ggeratetl statement <vf the 
 evil he proclaims, and within two months afterwards preacl.es to his 
 Orange brethren on the fatherhood of (iod and the brotherhood of man. 
 ^N'liich side of bis statements are you going to believe. Tliat there are 
 black sheep amongst the Chinese in British Columbia. I do not for a 
 moment deny, and where is the HiK'k without its black sheep ? 
 
 I will now answer a few of that lumorable gentleman's remarks in 
 his article to the '* Pre-byterian College Journal,* an article whicli you 
 will see has been very ably critieisetl by a newsjiaper which has always 
 been strongly Liberal in its pnx'livities. and has always posed in l?ritish 
 -Columbia as the organ of the J.,ib?ral party in Victoria. 
 
 Tlie first remark in the above-mentionwl article worthy of comment 
 is with regard to the treatment of the Chinest* in Hritish Columbia. He 
 says : " They are well treated " their greatt>st enemies being bi>ys and 
 dogs, especially the latter, and he says : ' 1 can give no explanation." As 
 to the b( -s, if they through neglect of their parents bou.sting of high 
 ^'ivilisjition cannot set a better example, what iiin you exiKtt of af(>reign- 
 ■*r ? Hut you «»nnot exi>eet any better of the boys when men like Mr, 
 
39 
 
 ^riixwfll (who is a Cliristian teaclier) s<'t them -suph a bad example in 
 rtficird to speaking tlie truth and throwing nuul. The uneivili.seil C'hina- 
 ;iian as taiiglit by Cliristian il«K>tnnv treats ail of this with silent eon- 
 t«'nipt. they care for none of these things. 
 
 lias the honorable gentleman ever visited a Siwash ranehe. If lie 
 ever does he will find that Siwasih dogs know the difference between the 
 ordour of sanctity of a Presbytennn parson and the fishy iM»rfume of 
 their lonls and niast^Ms, and express their feelings accordingly. 
 
 Another thing too, the honorable gentleman well knows that many 
 of the dogs bel()ngi..g to white men have been trained to attack a China- 
 ni-an or an Indian assoon as they scent them. I don't agree with him 
 that the Chinaman is well treated. He dcM's not even enjoy the privih'ges 
 V hich a Siwash does. 
 
 , He then makes objwtion t'- their huddling tog<»ther as contrary ta 
 the Minitary laws of the Cit'. There is a cubic air by-law which is 
 rigidly cuforcetl by the Sanit iry (Hllcers, lK>th in Victoria and \ancouver, 
 ami Ihe Chinese have ccmformetl to the law as far as I know, as other- 
 ivise they would iiave lieen severely punished. If the law is not enforcetl, 
 blanif the Sanitiry Offiei'r, why blame the Chinaman. 
 
 He continued with regard to the attempt by the ivligious de- 
 nominations to Chnstianise and cdu<'ate them, and in some cas«>s I am 
 happy to say with gcMxl results, and wejv they accorded the wime treat- 
 ment ou'side as they receive within religious circles there would V)e more 
 likeliliood of their assimilating themselves with the manner ami customs 
 of their adoptwl country, but under the existing circumstances a nimiber 
 of them join thes»^ classes solely for the purpose of lejirning Phiglish as 
 quickly nus po-.jsible, and at tlie least ex])ense. For their own adv.mce- 
 nicut. 
 
 A.' regards offences against the law inspite of the large Chinese jjopu- 
 latirw! w iiich the honorable gentlenuin would have you to believe to be in 
 Vancouver, there has not l)e<'n (Mie single case wheivin a Chinanuiti was 
 a<-cnsed f)f murder or attpmj)te(l murder since N'ancouver iM'came a City, 
 and the worst crime that oui be laid to the charge of the ('hinese in that 
 time is that of petty larceny. But is this only found amongst the- 
 Chinese V Statistics will show it is not so. 
 
 He tlicn claims under the lirst head that this is not a ]M)litical (|ues- 
 lion. The best answer to this is to ask another t|nestion. ' How tlu'U; 
 was it that every candidate for election, on the 2.'}rd of .lune. 1H!U!. for the 
 Hoii-e of Counnons. whether Libeial or Conservative, devoted so much of 
 his time in addressing the electors on liis views of the Chinese question, 
 and all ended up the discussion with the cry 'the Chinese must go." 
 It is a certain fact that any candidate wlu^ disagreetl with that cry luid 
 no chance of Mn-uring the votes of the majority of the electors which 
 belong essentially to the laboring class. :in'! I believe that the views of 
 the learnetl diK-tor spoken of by the honorable gentleman contained more 
 truth than tietion, as the bar-nHnn politician is. of all others, the most 
 
40 
 
 hitter ii};aiu«t the Chinese, and wciu he to work more ami pay h'ss atten- 
 tion to the tlowin}? bowl there would be less objeetion ajifaiust tlie ("hin- 
 eso. 
 
 As a politician, if Mr. Maxwell were to pay nun'e attentiiHi to tl>e 
 wants of hirt district tlian ne does to the Cliinese question (abcKit whieli 
 lie know-. notiiin<;). and would direct his efforts to JcK-al iniprovements 
 he would save nuicli valuable time and be of niucli {greater bcnclit to his 
 district. 
 
 He jjfiK's on lo say that tlie iii(»st sf>ber. intellij^ent, moral and n;- 
 lifjious men we have art^ tlu* backbone <)f tiie a<i;italion. On tlie con- 
 trary, it is aiuKist without exception tliose atldicted to tlie abuse of 
 stronj; drink, the poorly <ir totally uneducated, t<K) lazy to work, and 
 those whom morality and religion are oidy a myth tiiat are the jfreat- 
 esl opponents of the Cliinese, wliilst tlie most intelligent, n«jht thinking 
 relijrious and industruHis aiv preparwl to },dve the Chinese an ecjual chance 
 with the whites. 
 
 Why, {rentlemen, no one ever heard «i word from the reverend {j;entie- 
 man apainst the? Chinese until \w aspired to beconu' a politician. He 
 only runs them down now because he has an axe lo <jrind. His chances 
 of re-election, which are slim as it is, would be nil if he left the Chinese 
 question in abeyance. 
 
 His next lemarks as to the n>oi*als and defrradinj; habits of the Chin- 
 ese have already been well ansiwered in the letters of Messrs. C. A. Colman 
 and W. A. Cumyou. both of whom have seen nK>re of Chinese life and 
 numners and habits than Mr. Maxwell ever dreamt of. 
 
 Further, were their habits .so filthy and de{i;radin{r ;i- he would have 
 you believe, is it likely that so many Chinese would find positions at 
 fi;o<Hl wiifics as cooks and {,'XMieral servants, and in other capacities in the 
 l>est hoiise.se. the best fanulies and the bes-t hotels ? (JentlenuMi a word 
 t() the wise is enoug*!!. 
 
 His next diatribe as to the criminaliiy of the Chinese has already 
 been answered to some extent, and i may add that aecordinp to him that 
 which is slurred over as a minor offence, and even w inked at in a white 
 man is a horrible crime in a Chinaman. Keepiii}; houses of prostitution, 
 framblinji. stealinji and snni<i^lin<r — 'are the Chinese the oidy delin(|nents 
 in these cU'enct^s V 
 
 The secret .societies in Uritisli Columbia which he cimdemns in the 
 Chinanu'ii are not one particle different from those of the Oranju'eiiien 
 and the Catholic s(Mieties, further than, whereas, the latter are relifjious 
 those i;f the Cliiiiese are |)olitical. antl that not of this Continent, but of 
 China. 
 
 In ^iin Francisco it is different, there are so many factions, each of 
 wliich has their own factories, which aiv fiphtinjj each other all the tinu\ 
 and this is carried on to such a dejjree that the efforts to cut under one 
 another leads to reprisals of all kinds, und Hoinetimes unhappily to 
 murder. Hut thank (»od there are no sueh 8oeieti««s in Canada. 
 
Tlit'ij' <l(H's «'xist li«»r«*als<> a IJcncvolent Society, which is iiu'oi|Mirat(Hi 
 ami is a roaily \v(nthy institution. The Chinese Consolidate*! Ik>nev<>lcnt 
 -Soc'icty of Britisli ('oliin'')ia to-«lay wired $3,r)(H) to relieve distress caused 
 by the drou^jht in the Fhovince (.f Canton. 
 
 I lis next outc-ry is apiinst slaves. Here a^ain tlie iionorable frentU-- 
 raan is drawing on his imagination. The so-called slaves are no more 
 slaves than the men hire<l by the C. P. H. contraetors for Crow's Nest 
 Pass or for the Stiekine-Teslin J^ake Railway contract. The men enjpjwe 
 of their own free will. The Ixwses [wy their fares and expenses over' 
 here andniake just the sanu* terms for rcjmyment a.>? tliose made by tlie 
 white ccmtractors. the principle is the sjinic, and as a matter of fact those 
 of the Chinese are moie liberal th«n those of the railway contract (Us. 
 
 In proof of this assertion, I bc<j to draw your altciiliou to the evi- 
 dence taken under the Crows Nest Pa.'is Commission as pubiislied in tiie 
 Toronto "Mail ami Kmpire" of 'Mhh March, l.S!>8. which is to tlie fol- 
 low inj; cH'ect : 
 
 Montreal. Mardi 2i). — (Special.) — The Cro.vs Nest I'as^ Commission, 
 composed of .Ju(l<,'e l)u<,'as ami Messrs. Pedley and Appleton, met here 
 to-tlay and heard tlie evidence of .several witnesses. Tiie first witness 
 examined was a laborer named Pierre Denis, who was hired to <;o to the 
 pass in Octoljcr last. He was to work as a blaster at the rate of $l..")(> 
 per day, and pay .$4 j>er week board. He went up with !)") others, and 
 resiched McL<'0<l on (K-tober KJth. They were lodfjinl in an ol<l house, 
 whine the jj;lass in the windows was broken, and they had to slee[) on tlie 
 floor, there l)einjr no beddinj;;. Tiie house was liltliy. and they had to 
 pick uj) straw from the outside on which to sleep. There were then 
 over 3(H) men at Mclx'od. They were put to work levelliu},' the road, 
 and were s<'nt u]) to the mountains. 
 
 A DIRTY LOD(!lN(;. 
 
 They slept in this old hou.s<', for three nights before the boarding-ear 
 known us " .Fumbo " arrived. In this oar they were all hiuldlctl together, 
 each man being allowed a s])iice of three feet by six feet. They had no 
 water with wliich to Wiush themst»lves. The only water they had was 
 from the re«en'(Hr of the locomotive, and it was greasy ami diity. As 
 only half an hour was given for breakfast, many of them had to go with- 
 out their morning meals. (''here was no ventilation and no light, and 
 Dr. Kennedy, the C. P. R. dm-tor at Meljeod. threatened to condemn tlu; 
 car. They had to dress in darkness, and one doctor said they were ex- 
 posal tt> cholera anil fever. Four of the men fell sick, and remainc<l in 
 tlw cai Witness fell sick (tf rheunmtirtm. and ultimately had to come 
 back to -dontreal, after having been in the hospital at McLetKl. He was 
 IJfiven a paHS back by the doctor. From October !)th to De<'emi»er «Jth 
 he drew $13 in ca.sih and some gootls. . ; . 
 
n^ 
 
 42 
 
 DID NOT CiKT A JX>LLAR 
 
 .Jaint's W'liite, alw of tliis C^ity. wuji engaged on (Jctober 4th at .$l.r>() 
 per (lay, witli the privih-ge of paying $4 a week for lii.s lM>ar(l or hcmnling 
 himself. ilv rehitwl liis (experience in tlie filthy ohl iioiise at ^IcI^'ihI. 
 He* worked 1(» days in (Moher, 22 (hiys in November, and some live d-ays 
 December. After u time he was sent up to the mountains from McLcod 
 along witli trtliers, and tliey were two days without fiKHl. When they 
 ivaclied tlie jwss he could not find any work, and with others tramped 
 back to McLeod, selling his blanket.s for sometliing lo eat. lie called 
 uj)on the jjaymaster, and when his account wsus drawn up for ti^nsporta- 
 tion, Ixxird, mcKlicnil fees, etc., he was told that he owed eigiit cents. He 
 askcil Mr. Turnbull to l)e j)ut to work.as it was agicwl that lie would 
 get si.v iiumths' work, but he was refused, and told to get out of tlu' oflice. 
 The men olrtaiued food fnvin one of the councillors of Mcf-etHl, and slept 
 in box cars without fires. He did not receive a dollar for all Ills work. 
 With two otluMs lie starteil on his way back to Montreal about Christ- 
 mas, and reache^l here abcmt two weeks ago."' 
 
 I venture to say no siu-'li treatment as is here discloseil lius ever been 
 accorded to t'hinest? workiiu'n by tlu-ir bosses. 
 
 It was only during the construction of the C P. K. that (')iincse were 
 engagetl and brouglit over to iJ. C in this way, and none since. The 
 laborers were engiigeii at .so much per month, and anything tiiey rc(|uire<l 
 besides was furnished by tiie contractors and charged against their wages, 
 just as is done every day in our midst by wiiite merchants and otliers. 
 
 Chine.se laborers are just as anxious to go to a foreign country to 
 better theni.-*<dves as nuiny white men are to go to Klondike, but are un- 
 able to iK>y their way. so by w(nking <m the railroad for tliree months 
 tiu\v get a stake to take them on to wiiere they wisii to go. Is that 
 slavery t Slavery such as exii*ted in the United States, wliere the labor- 
 ers were owiu'd by the bo.s.ses, and were bought and sold as goods and 
 chattels, and further they receiv(Ml no wages for their labor. Such does 
 not exist amongst the Clnne.st\ In this Wtistern Province many white 
 mercliants send nu)ney back ea.st to their friends to come out here and 
 work, and such advance is repaid by a deduction from the weekly or 
 monthly wages earned by the persons so brought out here. 
 
 In the canning business, the Chinese contractors hire tlieir men a 
 month or more in advance, and pay them advance money and give them 
 their board up to the time of commencing work, so as to bind them, the 
 same as paying advance numey to s»iilors which advance money is to be 
 repaid by wmk ? Is that slavery 'i 
 
 1 have no hesitation in saying. No ! 
 
 Tlie next point is that they are birds of pa-ssage, and do not become 
 scitizens. and only come here to make money, and who does not ? Cun 
 you expect a Cliinamtin to like to become a citizen of a country where 
 he is not acconletle tbe privileges of a citizen. He is not allowed to vote, 
 he is despi.s<Hl, kicketl and cufTe<l like a dog. Would any one remain 
 
I 
 
 43 
 
 in a country where tliey wore r«> trwitetl t Teiifli tlieni to lM?foine citi- 
 zens. TrtHit them as men and onlifjhten tlicm on the benefits of civilisti- 
 tion, unci they would iHcfer to stay and spend their money in the eoun- 
 Iry where they made it. hnivin}^ «mly wlien their raee is nifjh run out to 
 return to tlieir home and lay their bones with tliose of their forefathers. 
 Can you ask them to do more 1 
 
 lie next (-omplains tiiut tlie Chinanmn av(«ds paying taxes. In an- 
 
 swed I would say that in industrial institutions wliere Oiinamen are 
 employed, nine-tenth of tliem fmy their Provincial and lioad Tax, antj as 
 to the merchants they always jmy up when callwl up(m to do so without 
 any <lcmur or complaint, and in this ca.s<' they pay not only the Provincial 
 tax, but also faxes on real estate and personal i)roperty. A;i;ain suppus- 
 inj; a laborer wlio has already jmid the JfioO tax to the l)omini«m (Gov- 
 ernment for the privile^re of landing here wishes after a time t() return 
 houK! on a visit, he is only allowed six months" leave of absence, and 
 should hv. exceed that j>eriod by one week lie has again to pay the .$.)t) 
 tax before he is allowed to land. 
 
 His next ap]K>al is with regard to cheap labor, comjwratively speak- 
 ing, (.'hinese lalxu- is no cheaper than white. Two sober and reliable 
 whitenu-n are equal to three Ciiinamen and sometimes more, and as a gen- 
 eral rule the whites are theuj.selves alone to blame for the employment 
 of cheap labor owing to their inebriety and unreliability, were they s(>ber 
 and industi'ious they would have nothing to fetir from Chinese comjieti- 
 tion. As it is, the Chinaman is re-ally the governor siifety valve which 
 j)revt'nts the white laborer from casting discretion to tiie wiiub and strik- 
 ing for higher wages. bistly. the people of all nations are here for the 
 purpose of making money, and if a man who can and does make money 
 i« not able to take cjire of it, he has no one to blame but himself, and lie 
 has no right to blame the (liinaman because he is industrious and thrifty 
 and saves his money. If a man goes to a country where he is disagrewibly 
 treated, he do<»s not expect to live there longer than is necessary. Ho 
 makes all he can and leaves. So with the white** and the Chinese. The 
 former come from the e*ast to settle here and nmke all they can, and in 
 a few ca.ses to make their home here. The Chinaman comes from tiie west 
 for tiie Siime purpose, and if they are allowed the same privileges do like- 
 \vi.se, but failing the jirivib-ges they cannot jusitly be blamed for nuiking 
 all they win and then le-aving an atmosphere that is antagonistic to them. 
 
 lie says that you go into a Chinese house and the air is stifling with 
 the -mell of opium, and potatoes could be set in the dirt. I verily be- 
 lieve that the honorable gentleman, though himself an inveterate smoker, 
 does not know the diflerence between the smell of opium and tiuit of 
 Chinese cured tobacco, and as to tlie dirt, if h«? will make the round of 
 all the cabins in Vancouver he will find that the majority of Chinese 
 habitations are just as cle<inly as those of many whites. There are ex- 
 ceptions certainly, but they are few and far between, and the kitchens 
 
 I 
 
44 
 
 •of many wliite** who have (.'liineHe cooks will put to shunie those of the 
 majority of white cooks. 
 
 He continues, " they are expert liars.'' I think after honorable {gen- 
 tlemen have perused this ctise thoroughly they will come to the conclu- 
 sion that expertness in lying is not confin. d to the Hiinese alone. There 
 are others ! 
 
 x\s we have no consular agency here to represent us, we are coriipelled 
 to defend ourselves the best way we can. Had we had a representative, 
 1 feel sure Mr. Maxwell's remarks would have met the saiue fate as thoee 
 of Mr. Mdnnes in regard to the Japanese. 
 
 In coni^lusion, 1 ask you gentlemen, to conjpare the honorable gen- 
 tleman's speecii nuule before you in September, 1890, and his article to 
 the "Presbyterian College Journal." — as T am sure you will — for a correct 
 estimaite of the honorable gentleman's acquaintance with the subject in 
 question and again contrast his utterances on both occasions witli his ser- 
 mon to tlie Orangemen cf Vancouver, two months later on Xovemln'r lat, 
 ISyii. 1 also ask you to consider carefully the different letters, csjx'ci'ally 
 the one written by the President of the Chinese Bo«ird of Trade, and the 
 ♦Mlitorial from tlu; Liberal organ in rebuttal for the Cliinese side of the 
 ^|uestion, and from these datn. after giving the matter your mos<^ earnest 
 attention, 1 am convinced your judgment will arrive at the conclusion 
 that the honorable gentleman's statement of the case is not to be relied 
 upon in any respwt, that it is only an enormous attempt at political clap- 
 trap, and give your verdict accordingly. In the name of liritisii Justice 
 and Fair Play render your judgment not as between whitemen and China- 
 men, but as between man and man. 
 
 On behalf of the Chinese in Ibitish Columbia, 
 
 GOON SUN. 
 Preaident of the Cliinese Consolidated Benevolent Society 
 of British Columbia. 
 ])ated, Vancouver, B. C, April 9th, 1898. 
 
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