^J ■.%. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-S) 1.0 I.I ft! 1^ 1^ IL25 mil 1.4 2.5 1.8 1.6 FhotDgraphic Sciences Corporation ^ '<>^ « y V l\^' ^\^N^ \ :\ 9) V Vf^J^ <^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 872-4503 ( meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. IVAaps, plates, charts, etc.. may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames aa required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: L'exemplaire filmA fut reprodi'it grAce it la g^nirositd de: L^islatiire du Quebec Quebec Les images suivantes ont At* reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition at de la nettet« de l'exemplaire film*, et en conformit* avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. 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Les diagrammis suivants iliiiistrent la m*thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 5Sr QT* A n HISTORY, } OoMPiLBD vvnw /■ ^ 4 I W. 8. G 1. .., ^HE SKETCHE OOMPILBD UHDFH AUTHORITT ol EMBBACIKO 0P,4T8 HISTORY, POSmoiSSOIIRGES AND IlOMlES, ' FbRNOR IK THE INTKBEST OP EMMRATIOK, By S. i^t'.WoQRA.CKKN". 4/ _ LANSING, MICH.: W. 8. GeohGE * On.. State Po^^^r,.^,.^ , — BmruKRB. 1878. , u,H*P|iifl^^lffiii;|pp ST. t 'J K HISTOf COMPILI T II E STATE OF MICHiaAN: E ^I U R A C I N O SKETCHES OF ITS HISTORY, POSITION, RESOURCES AND INDUSTRIES. COMPILKD UNUKR AI'TIIOIMT Y OF TIIK GOVKRN on IN TIIK INTKUKST OF EMIGRATION, Sy S. U. McCRACKKJSr. LAVHIXO, MICir.: W. S. Geokge & Co., !State Pkintehs and Binders. Ihro. Tho o))Je( institutional of its histo niivy !)(> loo: origin with i jfration, it h rt))fiircl, and |)ru<'0(lont, H I'onipilur, l»ii lio Hou)^)]t n and ill Nome adapt it to 1 rassinpiit in thu KoiuM-al tllDniHOlvOB I to thuni all done, if entr Tlie cize wei-L prohici voliiinln(u;», work, ixirpoi of its objoct littlo laljor; consists in tli been omployi tion, and in t Tlio State practical)le, a hav(5 cliodrfii qnotud from, ruport of tlio rosports, it it anil resourcet industrius, in Upon oomii inK public, int in tlio work, in a most gr reason tliat ol Moem partial, ; response to tli ever, Ijuon urn hoped for iiioi That entire Peninsula, tlu knowledge, an season. The gentlemen fai wliich are not desired and in present, then PREFACE. "f it« history UH .K.y Jrtr hwr^l n V'^ ""i '"''^' '"' »Ii<''"tf'"'. «ml,ra,-in^ «o m.,ch origin with tho Stuto Oentonnial IJoarl of Mi ,,J 1 . T , '"■"•'"''' "^ ""' """•'' '""' 'ts »rr,u,..,n, It «oo,n... to com^ 1 ^-tn t l v'Thrt^^^ '-oinK so .llroctly In the Interest of eml. regard. an,l ,t has been done m,, is , , .Hti 'Z"V"'L "''''" """" '*"" ''"'""'"' '" ""*' |.r«<'e.lent. an.l the stylo and method .d' wh h .n,",! i "'"'' """ ''"■ ''"'''" "»"•« *v»» "o '••""Pllev. bnl had to ho wrouKht nd h a n " "'""' ''"'"'' "' "'■«' '" '"« '"'"" "f the '.0 «""^ht out. an.l .nueh la S\ \r;ss r , r^^^^^^ "T''''' "' '■>»'>'-">»tlon had to and In some eases work over w I h ",T,,eh tl .V . . " ""•'' """"*-' "'"""" "'*"•« I"-"'l"'"«'• f"" """••> '">'l«ir. the general Interests of the Stale, there irrfew "p„T' '' ■"'"""*'" "'" >">f'"'""»>- with themselves suffleiontly eonversan tw h .il! of ! "'^ "'. ''""'«'^«'- "»'• Informed, who will deem to then, all in a wor/of his ■ .ra s , 'f. T'l """"i?'.'' '" '""' -•""'""""' '" "" J"«''<-e ..one If entrnstod to a hnreau inr^r of to L slnKri.orT:,:" '" '" "" """'^^'- "' ^*""'^ '^ -» wer;:.:;!;;^ ,!i;;,Srr:t;:;rasSe';hoS;rfS'th^'"'""'? ;'^ --" '- '-"-"- "••"-. voluminous, bu^, few persons would Xe It a" t temi« 'h ,""""• '' ""' ''"''' "*"•" ■»""" work, purporting to represent the varie in ere s ^^ri it '>^. "' "". !.''"/'"""" """"' " «">»» of Us ol.jert. A large volume migl t e made n. fr *^ ? "' '"""" ^"' "'^'"' '•""^""'^ '••'l little labor; but next to farts themselves 1 e ir o lef vlT "'" '" '""'"*'""'• """ •'""'Parativoly consists in their u.,.,.„ ,......"• ' _'7 '^'""f ^'"t"-' »« "* m^ans "f .' ..sj,, .,f„nnation. Is Work have f^f in forma- ' ' far as rtrlan, ^■rally The consists in their grouping and arrangement. The time and thon^'ht i;;.". r,r:d" nC""*^"'^ !" ""^' '"' ■'■"'' "« '" '-.-.irra^: inv ug r T^rstate ";,;'''■"■'' '"'■ """ ''-•'•'"''<'"»•'">» Of Huch information who, • Ihc state department reports were rea.lily acoessilile and have b praefeable, and all persons connected with ti,e .lepartment at i ar ' ' have cheerfully aided in all possible ways. VVal ling's u las ^fMi'.d Slno^Z'^^uf'"^' " '" :'"' "'"'"'^'"^■' "'."■^'•aJ.n-.'lnd ;:^tSl,> :^:: i:"^ ZL r:;::;;: i^;:s:r.i^::^.r;f'r^" <.Hi..n«abier w. and resources of the State. Tin ^ lle'ved t„Z ""•;'»!'"''«•"'««. to the materia, .nterests industries, in which connectlor , ^l , ^ „S o I'^r ^V'" '''"" '" """'"'' '"'"""■-■t..rlng Upon comn,euci„g the work c r.M !• rs and b Ue !''.''■ '"'"""•■'"' "" ""«'' ""^hty. ing public lnstituti,L and s'; a i e res ^ a rinrwrittn T'" '" "'""' """""« '-^Kosent- .n the work. A few onlv resp de n , le rn ""-itten statements In a forn, to be cmbo.lie.i in a n.ost gratityiug "^0^^ wi " i,e ^.^ es.s ri'^:! ,r;"\V'' '»'^'«'- "'""••'«" -"n.i.vin, reason that other sin.ilar interesls are not e mv rcM esen te „n^"'Io "" V"""' ""'"""• *'•"• '"« Hoeu, partial, and would break the uniforn.it " the work i.h.r "' "'" "*' '*""" "'"""' response to tl.e.-.c re,,ucst« has been used will, n^or. or 1.. ,' u '"'' ""*"'"' '""""■'"^''t in eve... been under th. necessity of . ,, awi L ,n 1 i, . """"•""""• The co.upiler has, how- ho^l l.r .nore detailed stateL-ntrnruZ ;:;;;;L.rT;ra T'''' """^""^ '''^^ '^ """ p^JZzz comS^Stiuth";:;;:!':^ 't -"""^ ''^««"-''"- ^^« '- '"« ^.>p- knowledge, and the -.im.M.lt of ^^Z ^Z^^^^^^ ^'"^ }" ^ "-"' of personal «eaHon. The matter relating to the t i i r P, . V " ""'""" ''"'''"K the winter Kcnt.emen fa.uiliar with tl.ose ,.t re Is' w h^ rj^l'If ■■"'' '"•'' ''"'"''"'' "^■-' «""->""ed to wl.icl. are noted ao the en.I of the work V iust ZY""'"'^'''''"'' '"" '""'*' "^^^'"'"*' °f -Icsired «..d Invited; for by such LZ nrroV^. r"' "•'*'" "♦' "'« ^^ork as a whole Is present, then by some futui^ ' " """ '"'"■'••"•"'■"■^ ""'y "^e corrected-if not by the COMPILER. — — «S^ : Pom ir. III. IV. .iliit«, , 'itnii.niL lilies, (jciiuuii siiiiiiuuiy lor ihe c..a„u n... Kail,.,.,. i'u:,:i:«ri::;:a/i;:!:r "* """^^^ ^-''^^-^^ «"- ^--^ '"•^:r"v;u;rx;.a,::;;;:::Ln"''"^''""''""- x..a..,onaci.. .; ... up^e; i.;.... • .0..; U,....,„.l,.aU„..a. an,. I'Hvai^c'li:;::'::..^^ H^i^ ' State .,HculUu.l Col- an,. Tn.:un,.n. ol U,e Insane, r.,et;.2'; .^r ^c ' 1' ir^'" '^'"'"^ ""^" "^'iv:;;-:;;::::n;,::.;i::::-..r:^r ^"•«'""-''"- ^^ -s..K;e«ates . igan; Lake Manne an! ^u 1^ m"ei;.u''s'^''^^^ OiUes; iiankin^ in Mn.... i«an; Inlernal .(even ue Tax^ a ,f.nM 1 'Tv ''''"'''-' ^'•"'^■••^i""« i» Mieh. ^Mar„uettu and Jlaok „«„««.„,' s ,u^ ^'- -N'^-wspapers; T.ie Fur Tra,.e; . B„arU«; Correct.,. an;Kn"::u::;n,t>::ei;rr^uSl: ""^^"^ ^^^ ""'" Pine 7 lU II 13 III 20 ■20 au 48 74 77 80 81) 94 97 113 IIU 1:^ 124 Tlio first Michiffjiii, wi tlir()u<>h the St. T.awr('iic< th«^ Urst ext< was in 1(541. stock is ('l(«ii furnished nia 1 ruder tli( ei.ited with t of the war of >^tates until 1 of lier territo imec of '87," " .Vortliwest ' H'Kvcrnoi-, a s( iiiakiufif jMtwe <^>eneriil Asseii district shoul ordinance con' tlnee nor nioi diana. Illinois 'i'he first s( tlic now State ilividcd ])rci)ai "Indiana Terr iict of dainiary I'ilory, tlic san scat f)f 'rovcrni of Michigan w *Tlic U. S. ccrp <'iiin|iilcil hv |i;irli l:nlliiT iKiflli I ha 'nil', f\ti'iiiliiiK ti I'iinillul. STATISTICS OF MICIIIGAN. I. POLITICAL IIISTOKY. FIKST EUKOPEAN SETTLEMEXT. riio first Enropfiiin scttlonu'.it of the torritorv cf)) Michifriiii, was by th,> Froiich. who; tlirou<>h thinted by Congre ' ', . 1' iak.ng power was vcs,ein. tl.c''now"^.n!"!f o.*^""u"""" "''"" ^•"•'"^^••-^ '^'-•••'t.'.y was at Chillicothe. in H H.v st,t„ ,„ Ohio, liy act of Congress of May 7tli. 1800, the territory wis ; vnl.Ml pivparatory to the adn.ission of Ohio into the Inion as a S a . ml U^ ...l.ana Terr.tory" was erected, with the s<.at of gov.M-un.ent at Vi i mne iy .. .hmuary, 1805 the Territory of Michigan was set otf n-on. the Indi, a" T^' o, tin. same system ot government being continued as originallv provided the ;. of govern.nent being established at I>ctroit. Hy this act the sou'tl ern bound iry oO l.chigan was tixed by a line dra^n. due east from the southerly bend or ex- '"»■. <'\t(.iwlinK I.' fJ" 2', anil llVn . ' Milv . r , " niu'rlinu .■.■s.si,,,,,- m-si north ..f tli.-.t I'iinillol. '^ • ^""' "" M.'s'ac In. belts .cssicn," oMcmlinK l<> nuar Iho loily.nitU it Statistics of Michigan'. treme of Lake Miphiiyan until it intersoot Lake Erie, and the western bonnrlnry tnronjrh Lake Mk-himdary in accordance with tlie claim of Ohio, luit p:ivino: to Jlicbi.o'an. instead, the territory known as tlie Upper Teninsula. The conditions havinor been accepted l)y Michigan, the State was formally admitted into the T'nion by act of fongress of January 26, 1837, COXSTITUTIOXAT, UROVISIOXS. The system of ,rty to the amount of five bundrcil d(dlars, and a liome- stead of tb(. value of fifteen bundred dollars, are exempt from levy and sale liy execution. Liberal provision is made for inihlic education, as will app(>ar e]s(^- where in Ibis publication. Corporations ("except mnnicipnl) are formed only ]iy general laws. Aliens are guaranteed ecinal rights of proiierty, and are cntilled to the elect clured th The ] and tlie s Samukt. C M. i)K Mo M. DE All M. i>E La M. DK Lai M. DE Air M. DE AR( Baron de M. DE MEi M. DE Co Count de •Tames Mvi Guy Cakm FlJEDEKICK AimujR Si Williasi it Stkvexs T. ^^^if.r.iAM W •f. WlfKillT ( -lOHN S. Bai Alpheus F]- ^V'lr.i.iAM L. '•^I'Ai'iiuoDrr •foitx S. Bah The seat ( for its remoA ever passed, of this State •^iipplementar <'omniissio Hie site of lb section,"' flier '•iiilding, eosti "le snmnier o iiiul has ever .< !iot was passec *i)i(.ii wiiiie ill .St('y('iis T. IHiisoj li'lt'uteuaiit G< Political Histoky. 9 the elective franchise affr r a residencToT^!! ' ~ ' ~~ GOVERNOKS OF MICHIGAX Ihe names of the Governors nf \r:^i ■ «..<. .ho .„vece,g„,y „„„„ .rr:c.:i/:*'s'';;,c """■ """" UNDER FRENCH DOMINION lC:i-M635. , M. de la Barre. of service. Samlet. Ciiaau'laix M. DE MoNTJlACtW M. DE AlLLEHOUT, '. M. i>E Lauson, . M. i>E Lauson (son),* . M DE AlLLEHOUT, M. DE Aruensox, . Baron de Avangour, " M. DE MeSEV, . M. DE (.'OITRCELLES (-JOUNT DE rROXTENAC, •Tames JIurray, «UY CARr.ETOX, . Frederick Haldimaxd . i(j;{()-i(j47. ]C4«-Ui50. l(!r)l-16oG. Ifi3t)-1G57. 1C57-1C58. l(io8-l(JC0. lC(i 1-1003. lOd.'MOCo, 10«r)-1072. 1072-1G82. M. DE XOUVILLE, . COUXT DE FROXTEXtC M. DE (Jallieres, . ' M. DE VaUDREUIE, M. DE BeAUIIARXOIS, :«!. DE GaLISSOXIERE, M. DE ],A JONQUIERE, M. DU QUESXE. . . 17,v, 17S- M.DEVAUDREmLDECAVAONAcj?5t]?G3: lG82-lG8a. 1C85-1G89. 1689-1698, 1699-1703, 1703-1725. 172G-1747. 1 747-1 74t). 1749-1752. 1752-1755. t-NDEU HRITISII DOMIXIOX. 1703-1707. 1708-1777. 1777-1785. Henry IIamietox, Lord Dorchester, territorial goverxors. ^orthH■est Terrikmi. \ Arthur St. Clair, , . " i79«_i8oo - Michigan Territory. r T ' \ ''II'LIAM IIl'TT Indiana Territory. \ Lewis Cass ' ' • William Henry IFarrison, UNDER state AUTHORITY 183i JSOO-1805. iS™^^^™'* -■ -■ Stevexs T. Mason, . HlILIAM WOODHUIDCM-, •'. ^VRKillT (JORDOX.t 'foHx S. Barry Alpheus Felch, .' ]\ ir.LIAM L. GREEXLY.t l-i'Ai'HRODnxs Eaxsom •foHx S. Barry. . 1785-1786. 1780-1796. 1805-1813. 1813-1831. 1831-1834. 1834-1835. !r)-1840. 1840-1841. 1811-1842 1842-1840. 1 840-1847. 1847-1848. 1848-1850. 1850-1852. ROHERT McClELLAXD, AXDREW PARSOXS.t MoSES WisXER AusTix Bl.ir,' . ■ . HeXRY ir. Cu Apo, . Hexry p. Baldmix. •l«>nN ,r. Baglev .SEAT OF GOVERN3IFXT AXD STATE ( VPITOL 1852-1853. 1853-1855. 1855-1859. 1859-1861. 1861-1865. 1805-1809. 1809-1873. 1873-1877. -": ^7"."iv'rin;:;;:;;, t ";:;;:;;„ ;™" '- -- - -„ „..., •■vor passed. Affer the enaotin-r cJ. L ,> "'"^ "* ^"" •^'^^^''t*^'* I>"Wio acts <; tins State shall bo in the lo;, j ^^ V^S!^ V "^^^ ^'" ^'^^^ of ivernn;!:; >.., plonientary act was passed, howev , p ^ Zl " ' f ''^""^^ "^ ^"S"'^'"- ' A ' "n.n.issioners wo.e selected to .w..' ^'"\"'"'" '"'' ^J's removal. "H> site of the present clti^^Z^Z^ T "''"'" ^'" ^°-" of Lansin.., and -tion,-' there „ein. bnt 'a si!;^ 'St^'^ "^^^ J^^^'^' ^--- it was a 4;, J "<""^^ ™stin«., with an addition sin e ,,. , T^^'^T ^'"'"^^'- "^ ft-'^>»« "- sun.n.er of 1847, and ocn-pied bv l.e il^is,. "' '^''•;""' ^^''^^ ^^^^ted during "";' "a.^ over sin..e been the ''State lloe-'U ■'';'"■ '''' '''"* of January, 1848, ti-lcuteuaMt Governors acting «« Govgruor. ■V.eu.tavy ot the- Territorj-, 10 Statistics of Michigan. State Buiklin<>; (,'oininis.sioiiers" was provided for, who solicited coinpetitivo de- signs for tiie new eapitol, the proforem-e being given to tlie design furnislied by Mr. p]. E. Myers. Tlie eost of tlie building and incidental expenses, was limited to $1,200,000, $100,000 payable in 1872, $200,000 in eacli of tlie years 1873, 1874, 1875, and 1876, and $300,000 in 1877. A preliminary appropriation of $10,000 was made for plans, etc., in 1871, and iu 1875 special appropriations for lieating and ventilating, for changes and improvements, roofing, cornice, etc., were made, amount- ing to 8175.(X)0. The length of the building, exclusive of porticoes, is 345 feet; width, 101 feet; height of lantern, 2G5 feet. The edifice is designed to accommo- date the Legislature, State oftices. Supreme Court, State library, etc. The corner stone WiiS laid on the second day of October, 1873, and the contract time for its completion is the first of December, 1877. A lithographic representation of the new Capitol forms the frontispiece of tliis worli. II. GEOGRAPHY AND TOPOGRAPHY. The State of Michigan occupies a position approximating the center of the continent of Nortli America, and is embraced between the parallels 41° 692' and 47° 478' north latitude, and the meridians of 82° 407' and 90° 536' of longitude west from Greenwicli. The center of the State is marlved by the position of Carp Lalce. in Leelanaw county, which is 070 miles in a straight line from New Yorlv. The land area of tlie State consists of two natural divisions, Ivuown as tlie Up- per and Lower Peninsulas, and adjacent islands. The Upper Peninsula has its greatest extent from east to west, and the Lower its greatest extent from north to south. The following exhibits the length and breadth in miles, and the num- ber of square miles, and number of acres, in each peninsula: J)IVISIONS. l-cngth. Hrcadlh. Square Miles. Acres. Upper 318,104 277,000 104,280 259,056 22,580 33,871 14,451,456 21,677,184 Lower ... Tlie two peninsulas are separated by the sti'aits of Mackinaw, and are totally dissimilar in character. Tlie Upper is rugged, witli numerous roclcy oxposurce, and mountains which in tlie western portion rise to the height of 2,000 feet. Its products are almost exclusively mineral. The Lower Peninsula consists of plains occasional prairie, table and timbered lands. Its products, in the cultivated parts,' are agricultural, and in the northern part, lumber and timber, with salt, coal, and gypsum in some localities. The specific features of the two peninsulas will more fully appear in tlie details of this work. Their climr.tes are as distinct as their locations and tlieir topography; and, in all statements respecting the climatic fea- tures of the State, tliey ought to be separately treated. The meteorological means for tlie whole State convey very inadequate impressions respecting eitlier of its natural divisions. In this connection reference is made to the meteorological data ill HKil! **'' Wl B^'v^ ' jqII w m [»M\ Hfe Wt m W wXfi^' .i- — ' A I. V O N^A ■ , T>J>ur(KMUlj (hlWHllM ,.rti(iiHf!l icwiirfl Gurnpyl Warreotowji |J.ibBi-ty\ iilfli,'; ' \ :-fHiu-iit[il .«»*'—:: ■ ^^ii!i ..:!,■.«.■■■■ ■ ! i .ft , '"*S|?7C^ . ITS : 11 I 6/^-^ % 1 ! f ^ m. W4 ,iU .B1....U1^5^4, / 4 r SOUTH i> iVl f^jfiue*™© . /wMrm---^^ f ^iT^'T'- is>^w V'''**'''-.i '^-Js^^ CoDHIautincI 1 Brrin MICHIGAN riTv ^p^^'Y ' lil"'" \1 s. n^oshen ^'"V^ Alliion ^hi«^; 9*>< v^v? T>>Walkprti)ii /) liiUnii i m ' , i7 ' ' i I /riiSra Ar C WM BGoltongcCoTw i:A<.' o mpejjf thp l}in^it^qL£^} S'^^ "f^ MhsJa n/ttori . ^ ( 'wliiif SSpr^^CcTj-^ ColbytaJ (hnreOvCi (ttlaKd _ ^^'^ ('LTlfT(Tx '•'>^> 5 "^*'^p<^Pt-H^^i' 44° 15' 4:r (W 42° ns' 4;!° m' 42° 42' 4-2° ;wi' 42° i(i' 42° lit' 42° IH' 41° .w i c , 1200 (i:in (!• (110 TM ■IHH .">«.■< .'«10 H.V) 510 ft!l5 Hfi8 SH4 /; 5 12 i:t XI '2H U 4 II IH 4 7 r>H 30 7 IS Hl'KIMI. Mkan. 'Min. * 1 1 7.2ft m 4.71 10 7. in 2.1 5.07 1.5.7 4..V.I 10 4.07 22 5. Ill 21 11.117 2K.ti H.02 24.5 !i.:i7 24 K21 27 0.12 20 H.«0 24.5 H.U 25 H.11 25.5 SCMMKII. Mkan. Min 0.OH 2.:h ;i.os 1.74 i.,">;i 2.KI .•1.04 (i.70 0.00 H. 10 0.li»< 4.tKI 4.M) 4.4;t 4.50 7.2.1 7.21 8.00 o.4;i O.OH ■1.01 H..'K) 10.(W 0,75 7. .11 ».,57 7.H8 1 1. 15 11.0.5 0.85 m ,'10 20 .11 ;i7 20 .14 25.3 :io ll» 31.5 25 31.7 .'14.5 31 ft. 15 4.88 3.0ft 3.)ilt 3.11 2.31 7.77 .5.!Mt 0..50 4.07 5. .52 4.10 4..50 .5.77 CIO AlTIMN, Mkan, It. 83 0.25 8.85 10.4)1 7.(H1 0.41 7.72 0.73 8.8(1 12.21 7.00 8.04 0.28 7.07 8.27 •20.4 2.5.8 2.8.5 ;i4.5 28.7 3(t.5 3(t.4 24.4 27 31.5 23.3 28.5 2ti.4 •25 •20 MiN. (1.78 4.08 3.44 ,5.45 I.. 58 •2.44 4.13 .5.82 4.03 1 1.02 •2.80 4..M 4.03 ,5. w 'INTKII. Mkak. MlN. t t ja S J! ^ s l'Zlt2 ,U7 11.711 tUt2 •24.0 ;i.08 0.14 l)t.7 :i.05 5.(K1 1(1.(1 •2.40 .•1..58 14.5 i.rw 3.8It 18 '2.88 4.04 18.3 3.84 8.02 22 5.75 17.0 4. .15 0.01 2.5.5 8.07 5. ,52 18.2 3.84 .5.45 17.3 3..'H1 (1.0,5 17.2 1.88 4.82 15 3.(Ht .5.56 17,4 3.11 Ykam. Mkan. Min. t . a M ^m 37.2;i ;io.oo '24.20 at. 00 31.(t2 '28.84 30.28 12. 11 •24.58 11.70 ';•< 09 17.(10 •2.5. '3 21.03 .•fit. 8 1 .•10.73 3'2.)12 '25.75 38.8(t .•t,5.0!l 30.31 '24.. 58 3l.;an are taken: "The sinuositiop of the several Hue.'! [as .shown in the eharts] will demonstrate at a glanee the it(>ouliar eharaeter of (lie I'liniate of Michifj^an, and tlio fact that, both in summer and winter, It is better adapted to the interests of atitab]e to tlie iutliience of th(^ (ireat J.akes, )»y wliicli the State is nearly surrounded. Jt has loiifj been known that consideralile bodies of water exert a local influence in modifyinj? climate, but it has never before been .sus- pected that Lake Micbijian. for instance, impresses ui)on the dinuitic character of a broad re<>;ion an influence which is truly comparable with that excited by the great oceans."' "The excess of the warmin'"Porta„t •••••"•'"""•'••Ml th.f It is not th./ ov-r tv ^t / ^•>'l-H.ltivution. It will bo -/m... whi..h ..o„„|,i,„ s t 1. m n , ; ' f ^^"'"^""^""< ''"^ «»'•■"' of th. winter On. killin,. iWoze In « fl , ' . , "'..'.T/'' "l'""^ ""■" ••'-'•"<'tiv, frost. nac The wholo ...st sl.or.. of I.ako Mi,.hi " ', i v '" "' ' ' "' "' '''^'^'■■ of the plac.s just naine.l As ,m,.,.,.. . i . """"'' "'•'"'■'- "'■'•" «»>' Dorfectly secure alon;. Hu- wh, le xte.t ,/^^ f '»••■ '■•"cls an.l vh.oyar.m are «'«»ni,.aratlvely low ..apailty of witerL s. !f ^ ' t-ase of extreme weather O.n .- ' ten.leney ig „,ost ,Iistinetly felt ^.•..orally tron. the I :;.t au^^Z^lir T"- ""'^''''^ ^"^' -"" ^'ows distance of lOO to 200 n.ile., nn ij^s 1 Z" "^ '"'" '"'*' ^''^■"'^'"' ''"'• «* ••'•''-• ' * The rore,.oinJ Lrr,,- t Js^^r «oieneeofn.eteorolo;.y ar^ihim,!^ rlo,; ,?^" " ""•""•• •" ''"ta of the 'l"'-i"« a A.W year, pit to i "o i ^"^."^^ti:! t "^ r "'""^^ ""' "" '^""^^^ '""^^^ -- aion. the -ntire heit tvon. ^^:^^'i::a:::^^:::^:\^^^^^ arc '•' " ' " '- ■■■::^.i;- rr^.;;v--:!-i! '--'-^.^p:: rior friilf ,...^i • " ;;enerauy acknowledo-f.,] HO, t.ult-produe.n^r ,,gUm exist, within the Inited .Stakvs.'' IV. POPULATION. i" '"u>/':sr";; ;Lrs: ^riSo'tv^r"-^ '■• ;- -- -- -^^ .., '■'"01>t'LATI0N. KTATK ANK (dlNTIKS. Statk Alooiiii AllcKiui Alpcim Antrim Harry Bay HchzIo IJerrh'ii Branch ,1(;() i.;{i7 21,80:{ 1,071 3.724 840 i,:i82 400 1,251 22.221 5.02!» 5,500 3,482 W7(i. 1,184.282 70(5 :I2,105 2,750 1,085 22,200 15,!»00 2,184 35,104 2(5.227 30,571 21,000 1,724 2,107 1 .(iOO 3(!0 22,851 2,4.. 25,103 1,211 33,805 4.443 11,808 31,(i8H 13,882 !).048 25.208 27.(575 3,175 4,113 3(5,040 32,0(15 424 .50.410 4.20(5 548 21.342 4..577 45.001 10.335 1.715 27,(510 (5,074 801 14.278 3.20(5 5,(545 1,895 3,283 1.30 27.475 13,041 14.892 7.292 IH74. 1,334,031 1,214 32.381 4,807 3,240 22.051 21.832 2,(503 35,020 25,72(5 35,(!5.5 20,525 2,3(50 ,3.070 2,170 1,354 23.0(51 4,741 2(5,007 1,272 34,,508 5,34!) 13,880 31.5(5(5 1!),030 1 1 ,!I04 2!».1!»3 28,37(5 4,782 (5.059 37,988 .32,284 1.259 02.(571 .5.415 1.813 25.140 5,031 40.084 20,32! > 1.4!)(5 28,305 8,4; 1 057 21,940 5.3(51 0,132 3,400 5.30(5 00(5 30,1 1 1 20,815 1!».375 8.758 I'lT Cut iif Knell .Sex III TiiIhI INi|i. IllutiiJii, (871. Ma!u.. iionmlon. 52,20 5(5.(57 52.42 58.41 50,04 52.55 54.99 53.39 51.22 .50.(5!) 50.!I2 51.(50 54.23 55.57 50.31 55.02 51.40 (50.78 51.50 52.ri) 50.72 52.3(5 52.5!» 50.50 57.87 55.28 52.08 .52.11 5!).78 .54.01 .52.2(5 51.3(5 .54.00 51.07 59.77 55.08 52.08 53..50 50.4(5 5 1 .08 51.13 50.75 .50.50 55.40 58.74 55.41 53. 37 03.4 55.1 2 05.18 50.81 .54.34 55.54 55.70 47.73 43.32 47.57 41.58 43 !)f> 47.44 45.00 40.00 48.77 40..50 40.07 48.39 45.70 44.42 43.08 44.07 48.59 30.21 48.43 47.40 4!).27 47.03 47.40 40.40 42.12 44.71 47.01 47.88 40.21 45.08 47.73 48.03 45.03 48.02 40.22 44.01 47.01 4(5.49 49.53 48.01 48.80 49.24 43.43 44.59 41.25 44. .58 40.02 30.59 44.87 34.81 40.18 45.05 44.45 44.29 Population. 15 TAHI,K OP POPULATION.— CONTINUKI). STATE AND rofNTIEH. Oiikhllld . . JJ''"""-^ Oiifoiiiijjoii Osocolii Otfavv.i ril'Hqui' Isle [' Sa;ijlniuv Haiiiiiic "'.;; Sdiookraft . . . ^'. ... Stiljiwasseo . Ht. Cliiir .'..'.... St. .I(IS('l)lj TuK.'oIa .'.'."!.";■ Van Huron. ......... Waslitciiaw ... )^i.v"«' .".".'.v.;; Wcxfoid UMorjcaiiizod C'ouiitrcs' a 1H2U 185.-) 185') IS(il) ie:i7 1871 183.-) 1818 1871 1837 1821 1820 1850 18:J7 182(j 1816 18G9 l-OPlliATION. l»S4. 31,757 3,024 7,293 'Y,m 3,521 "7,4U l(i,825 15.021 1,503 7,720 28,554 04,700 1H64. 33,025 2,373 5,408 15,050 10,083' 8,853 13,514 27,501 22.550 0,083 17,820 34,048 83,292 "]",i05' 1870. 4l),0(KJ 7.222 2,840 2,104 20.050 355 30,008 14,505 700 20,822 30,750 20,272 13,715 28,835 41,440 119,008 050 1871. 38,082 8,:t(10 2,4(M; 0.210 29.920 1,015 48,409 10.202 1,290 21,773 40.(i8S 25,00(i 10.008 20,15(1 38,723 144,iK)3 3,01 1 IVr C/Mif „f i.;,„.i, M"X fii Tcitiil I'ou. iiliilli.ii, 1H71. Stiili'H. {KininlHi. 51.0(1 54.70 53.03 50.1(i 52.75 52.00 .53.04 53.10 (i3.87 51.73 5-:.()5 51.21 52.05 51.0(1 50.49 •':>,89 .'8 .8 48.9;j 45.20 ((i.lKI 43.83 47.24 17.30 4(l.:{5 l(!.80 30.12 48.20 17.04 I.S.78 17.34 48.33 40.50 50.10 41.81 CHARACTER AND NATIVITY OF THE POPULATION. di- Itiflo.!'" U ''" ?f ^''■'"^"'' ^"'^ ''''' •"■ "" «'• "'"• "-ver .states, i.s .son.cwhat bam<^ unu, bi t \\hicli has been checked diiring the pa.st lour or live vo'irn hv tho ^ Hu:;';; ;':!;:rf "V" "■""" ""' '"^'"^^^- '^"« ™- ^'i^rZ^z^Z 3 hi ' '''"'^^"'•<^' '"•«» "' the cxx.nt.y fron twctv to twcntv-iiv. year, and UL«, to a great extent, ceased to bo foreign, .asshnilatin-^ itself as rlni.fh .s' he cmM-euces in langnage and cn.ton.3 will ;.U, and i^th du. r : o^li e Tho IT , ' '".?''' "'^'"^ ''"'>' ^^•'^" "'^' "^'t've popnlation. the nu.'l °'of fh' ''?'"?''r' "■"" "'"^ ''"''•'^' ^"^'^^'''^ -"-- "f ^«'0, will show iiic n.it.Mt^ ot the pnncipjil classes of the popnlation: HOUN IN THE LNITED STATES. Michigan New England New York Ohio._.. Pernisylvania.. States. .. 507,208 41,308 231,509 02.207 28,507 Indiana New Jersey . Illinois Wi.scon,sin . . . . Other States.. 12,140 8,033 0,055 5,98G 12,940 16 Statistics of Micuigan. BORN IN FOREIGN COUNTRIKS. British America gy r)00 J^»ffiii'i»i - - - -' mm Ireland.... 42.013 Scotland 8 ")")•» i'r»ssia : v.;;:;;;.28;o(io Otlier Gorman States :i"),483 Holland 12 559 Sweden V... . 2A0(] Norway _ i'^jq I'oland . . 947 jf™"™ :.::;:;;:;;:::: 3,121 Switzerland 2.110 Hohoiniii ' '" i']f)7 ^Pl^i'i"' II. ./.]][[ 832 Austria 705 Denmark ...... 1.354 Other countries 1 158 PEJl CENT. OF ILLITERACY. The total of persons in the State of ten years and over who could not read as per United States census of 1870. was 34.013, a small fraction less than 3 5 per cent of the whole population. The number who could not write was 53.127 (indudino- 1,81.3 Indians), or a fraction over 5.G per cent of the whole population, classified as Whites. 10 to 15— males. 4,728; females, 3.204 Whites, 15 to 21— males, 2,073; females. 2,125 Whites. 21 and over— males. 17.5-13; females i; Colored, of all ages and both sexes Indians ,080. Of the foregoing. 22,547 were of native, and. 30,580 of foreign birth. 8,022 5,008 35.520 2,075 1,823 V. FINANCIAL CONDITION. THE DEBT OF THE STATE. AXD PROVISIOX FOR Fl'S PAY.AIENT. In the year 1843, the State of Michigan was encumbered witli a debt of §3 304- 005, which was <>qual to $15.08 per capita of the th.M. population. '|'h(. amount of this debt outstanding, as adjusted and payable on the 30th of September. 1875, was $15,140.07. Some additions wer;> made to the State debt during the war so that the total interest-be.aring bonded de))t of tlio State at the last named date less cash on hand applicable to its payment, was 81,130,315.73.* Of this sun/ $358,000 bears seven per cent, interest, and the balance six per cent. There is .also due to Ihc educational or trust fluids, the sum of $2,000 058 84 which is interest-bearing, but which is not regarded in the light of a pu'l)lic debt' as the State has received the money dollar for dollar, and simply holds it as trustee for the several funds to which it belongs, p.aying interest for Us use, wliidi IS expended for the support of educational institutions wilbin the State and for its benefit. The onstitution (Article XIV., sec tion 1) provides: ■•AH specific ..fate taxes, *K.vclusivc of $46,000 Sault canal bonds, the interest nn wliidi is i,ay.i1il<. fronTtlilZ except 111 be applie herein rei due to edi 11 part of vides: "1 thousaml compound increase ol gnishinent oducationa Tlie Old provision, 1 of the Stat yielding ai not only ni afTord a sui debt, thus source now ill fact, tha live, an ac rates as tlu best iiitere.' purchased u per cent. Legislature general fiiiu the terms 01 taxes can b accumulatioi c'ebt by the I>irect ta: ernment, anr rate per ceii named, are s (feneral for ] named: FixANCfAL Condition. 17 '>e applied in payiu^ ii^"L;Z'!''^^ eo„.pa„ies of the Upper Peninsula, shall I'erein rodto.l. „„til th ex ^ i „: '/'f^n'^:!^. "' '''' ""'''' ^'"^^^ ^» the order cl"o to educational r.u,::^;:'::^:;,^J^^J^;;^ other than the an.ounts a part of the prin.ary school interest fund "^ / f'^""^ ^° '''"'' constitute vidos: "The J-egisIa„ro shnll nrovi J ^ i ^"" ^ °*^ ^^'^ ''•»'"« '-"-ticle pro- M'onsaml dollars a vCu- o 1 ^' ^'"'' " ''"^'"^^ ^""" "^ =^t '0'^-«<^ tw^Uv -.npoun.l interest at t^.e rut" oT'iv" """'^'"^ """"'•^^^' '"^'' «"3^-^-«^ wHh increase of at least live per rm.f tn in *'v' ,''"'^' ^^°^' •'^"'"""' '"ifl an annual Snislunent of the prind 1 of the st te'd.^': 'T^ '" '''' ^''"^^''"^"^ -'^' ^^t"- oclucational funds, and shil be eminued^^^ '''' ''"^«"»^-^ ""« *« The only direct taxes levied for "n *^-^ti»S<"^l.ment thereof." provision, was one-sixtee. tl o a mH orir'Tn^'^r'^^''^'"' ^^ ^^^ '^^ f«r''goi"g of the State, runnin;? fro „ is'l trjifi '^ ''""''^■: f "^'^ ^''^^''-'^^'O" ^^ the property yiehii,., an a,,re,,ue o;v!:}^^T%::';:::!f:^::':rV'''- ''"' "^''''^ not oidy meet the interest on h,o «. .."'.■ If ^'""^ ^.ixes applicable to the purpose afford a surpi... nioll t li^ s n ti 't^'n'r^he'r'T"- ''*' ''''''''' •-""' ^'-^^"t debt, thus nieetiiiiv the reouire nei t fo J ^*"; .'"''^^"'•'"^ Vrimiiral of the bonded -urce no. avera.^s about 'So rpen^u;; "?,'"'''• '"I" ''''''''' '™'" "^^« >» fact, that at the leoislative se sion of ST- r* ., "^^'"'""lation was so great, tive, an act was palsed autho X the^ rates as the Governor, StaTe Trea fer ind'^ r "/ """'-■^^"'•-^' bonds at such best interests of the State. rX this .; ?'' ?'''''''^ ""^'^'* "^•^•" ^O'' ^hc l'.-rchased up to the :iOth of Sep e . .er la4 at a "l 1 *'^"'"'^""^ ^'25,000 were per cent. To further relieve the i ir, i, !' Cov 'n T "' '' "■'''^'''"" °^'«'' ^^ree r^egislature of 1875. reeommended th -^ n^f 7^'^'' '" '"'^ '''''''S' ^o the general Am.l of some ml^of tuZ^^^^"" I'" ""''"^ "'"' *« '''' the terms of the constitutional prov ioi o .^o tl" ,' ''""'•'"'' '''^"^""S'' ^^ taxes can b,. diverte.I. The ( overnor s IT "^ *'^^'^'""' '"-''i-'l? from specific accumulations to the sinldn/fu, d wi H be t^' I ^ '-o-'ipntaiion. that the ^'ebt by the flrst of .Tanuar'lv iS '"'"' ''^ "'^'^ «"* ^''^ ^>»ti>-« >^onded TAXATION' AND TUEASIKY AGGREGATES ernm^^al^rmc::^.^^:;;;;..::;;-;-;- "Tir;:;7ofrt " ^n"^^-" --- n:::enrr-:;ir^r^iw;;r-;'r^^^ C-eneral for 1875. Also, in 1 V t'eoh'^^^^ ^o"t " ''' '"^"'"^ '' "'^ '^"^"'or named: ^ '"'""""• "'^ treasury aggregates for the years 3 I if 18 Statistics or Michigan. VALUATION, RATE OF TAXATION, AND TREASURY AGGREGATES. « B < 1838 isao 1840 1841 1842 184;j 1844 1845 184C 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1853 1856 1861 1866 1871 Eqi'amzkd Vauatkix. * $42,953,405 (11 40,192,702 2!) 37,833,024 13 34.603,021 85 29,148,03!) 19 27,090,940 41 28,583,007 32 28,922,090 59 29,309,005 07 27,017,240 13 29,908,709 25 29,188,070 45 20,384,270 00 30,976,270 IS 120,302,474 35 137,063,009 00 172,055,808 89 307,905,842 92 630,000,000 00 Ycar'si Tiix. 18;i8 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1840 1847 1848 1849 1850 ( 1851 \ 1852 I 1853 \ 1854 i 1855 ri85(. I 1857 1858 1859 1800 fl80] i 1802 { 1863 I 1804 1.18C5 1800 1807 1808 1809 1870 1871 187 Amount of Tax \\i]k tionod. 2 18-3 187.. 1875 §85.900 !)5 92.385 43 75.000 04 103,8:^7 02 58,290 07 55,393 88 57.100 01 72,305 23 73,562 15 09.043 10 150.719 33 102.400 75 113.709 56 106.000 00 110,000 00 10,000 00 30.000 00 40,000 00 05.000 00 85.005 20 85.0(15 20 202.003 154.003 404.166 483.17 440,000 79 470.000 7.) 642,407 581.922 880.739 713,747 405,264 97 395.204 97 757,020 05 829,970 05 982.230 50 903.434 50 521,232 50 liATK. 31ills on SI.0O. Per (.'iipitu. In Ticji.-mrv for ISIO unil follow, ini; yoaiti. 00 00 50 48 97 30 84 2 2 2 2.5 2.5 2.5 5.039 3.531 3.923 3.421 3.551 .083 .249 .332 .472 .618 .018 1.472 1.123 2.097 2.808 2.5.57 2.731 3.734 1.889 2.«59 2.317 1.517 1 .283 1 .201 1.317 1 .559 1.434 .827 80 30 47 25 21 21 24 23 19 36 23 ■I 00 02 0( 33 08 SS4,05l 71 79.014 01 87.103 19 79,092 fH) 86,085 40 106.809 36 101.212 45 70,932 98 146,305 19 139,708 97 137,379 96 128,897 24 174.159 01 (i3,523 96 .38,047 15 54,710 46 55,385 04 113,487 80 13.5,100 81 208.019 04 160.823 91 400,619 (W 473,813 80 425.809 22 517,121 59 632.723 08 .590.019 89 8(:5.0.18 43 722.409 57 532,783 27 482,418 53 577.117 05 928.152 23 903.883 08 970.504 00 $11,529,013 48 §11,431,018 40 * By Bo.a.(ls of Supervisors up to 1S50, iukI thoroafter l)y Slato Uoiwl of KMunTi^uk^ The taxable Lands of the St.ite, which connect themselves w-'ii linance hi the light 01 taxation, are shown in a table under tlie head of "Afrricultural Interests." CASH RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMKXT.S. Tlie following exhibits tlie net cash receipts and disbursenionts of tlie SfU. treasury on .ncconnt of State revenue for tlie years state.), iw sliow, by the Audi- tor Gener.il's report for 1874, page 385, .appendix, and report tv, 1875, pa.n> 8 appendix: i t 'o-^ ■ Yeam, 1836 1837 1838 1839 1840 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1861 1852 1853 1854 1855 Aggrc Tlie fo under app Yea Nov. 3^), lS.-)0 IS.11 \X-rl. is,-,;i is,-)i. ia-.r). ISjIi. ls,-)7. L-(,->S ]«(». " ]S(io l,S(il lS(i-J " ISC'i 1S(J4 ISIW. " IHIK) 1S(!7 ]*iS.. wa 1S70.. 1H71.. 1«72 . ISTS.. Wi.. 187r>. . sepL ;», ' Incl III It's ury ainoHiits t Vontiiic Asvli reepocUve lies Financial Condition. KKCEIPTS AND DISIiUKSKMKNTS. 1)1 9 (W ;{ SO 2-2 1 n;* ;? (18 it 8!) 8 ■i;? !) a 7 I'll Yeam. 1836 1837 1838 1839 18-10 1841 1842 1843 1844 1845 184G 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 1853 1854 1855 Ufceiiits. SI 10.300 22 487.550 88 1,509,780 01 910.391 03 504.420 59 895.721 03 222,433 07 243,309 98 257.801 49 138.152 91 247.253 32 200.810 00 188/248 Gl 23i;432 95 221.520 43 239,005 SO 279,775 51 445,505 21 342.390 30 339,834 25 I>i-7,G10,140 00 Diebiirsemoiiti'. §428,999 41 "08,114 84 432,200 23 442,229 97 442.002 39 855,587 08 065,540 74 822,017 02 1,359,023 03 1.219,408 54 1,034,850 72 1,040,813 80 810,401 07 1,510,902 00 1,3.:, 380 84 748,740 50 962,530 96 1,080,950 54 1,398,855 89 1,453,887 43 $20,793,808 62 APPROPRIATIONS. Thi! followins: table shows the amounts nnM fi,„ , • . under appropriations n.a.le by the Leg^sla'ur!': " •"^"'"*'*'"^ "-^"^d. VtARe. Edicatiovai, Institi'. TION«. Nov. 3.1, law.. 1KV.> ls,-.,'i . lX>t... lS.-)(i. K")7... L-i,->,S 1S,-)!I. l.S(il. l*i'J " I8(;;i " M;r> 1H(!7 Wl... 1«7.! . . lH7t . iH7r>. . . Hcliiiol. «470 ;«) .'t,(X)0 (i'» .'I,")')!! HQ .•{,.iO(i nii r<,7W 8,-) ;i,i()t 10 7.HSt hi; ii.tm 77 7,71(! V\ H,ti.'i'2 7.-): r.,i;«) no! AKricuItunil Reform tVillfgc. School. KeIOKSIATOUV AM) 1'enau SepL ;», r.,771 '2li n,!);i> SI 7,i)s;i ;it! r>,i!)s 7(1 r>.»i' r.i 4,!ir.' 00 H.iWI 20 i.'i.ni' !)2 ir.,o.i;i 97 i.5,isi m V.t.iXl !I7 ir,:.m 07 •-'2,80;; 07 i«,o;ii m "J .•14.18J no 4S,(iI!» 01 .'i, 1 ")S K) 17,(i7t> 4") i:t.'2I!» 4.) a.rtOi 50 l.'t/KXi (12 8,000 00 K'.OX) 00 Ifl.OOO 00 lo.OOO 00 20,000 00 20,0i)0 00 4"),(KH» (H) '.'S.OOO 00 'i8,750 00 IS.'iW 00 •r>,(t9« 00 .■i8„')B2 S7 IH.tiOO U Stato I'l'laoti. *lI,G,a ,s!) l.'i„i!;2 Ml 18,77;! 7(i iri,ooo 00 17,000 00 '27,174 !I0 I7,i;i7 r,-i •-•0,181 7(i lti,(IO<) 00 17,,Tl{! 4'i 41,200 2-> 22,48;! ,51 02, Xrt7 02 44,787 H< .'iti.Oi') ... ;!(l,l>'200 (K) ;i 1,400 00 •20,000 00 $0,000 00 (>,000 00 i),(HK) m !>,.'>00 00 io,r)0O (X) 40,(i>,i ;{7 4 1,!);»0 00 47,!i:ii» 00 ;i4,!t!»',) 00 lil,;i7.i c;! Joo 00 •22,0mt 00 ;!0,000 00 17,000 (H( ;!:!,000 00 ■2.!,500 00 ;i.'),ooo 00 ;!t),WIO (H) 17,(ki,022 8;! * Iiicluilf-, j2I7 ury amounts nppr Pontine Asvliiin. reepocUve lieadf. |«>0,3I8 07'«l,0^ri,812 7l| $83S,r20 M Aegregat*. *7,OI4 «! 10,(i57 87 1-2,040 43 14,794 &i 41,814 GT) vii,,i07 aa 141,589 42 178,404 21 115,578 19 • 10|,4'27 98 J'2';, la! 0;l 70,0;!4 97 112,402 64 87,6;t2 81 ll!l„5n9 83 177,954 95 \r>7,:m m 2li9,40!t OA '2.51,208 88 ,'!00,040 47 184,;!10 50 18;.„'«l 88 •2Jt,'!,570 02 ;i81,'25«^orthwest (accessibility to the .seaboard markets bein..- consid- ered) offers better opportunities for settlement upon public lauds. th.-,!i Michigan. GOYEIIXMENT LANDS. Vn^uZ^"'" ^""''' ■'''"''' ''""^ •"•^'••'^•^^ '» t'^" ^tatc, as follows: em tieis ot to%Nn.s. Also, Alpena. Moutnioreucy. eastern half o" C ^o ill (M.c boygau except the western tier of towns, Presque Isle, and the ., f m' "k u " Office, Detroit. Kogister, J. I}. IJloss; Receiver, J. M. F.arland ^^1"'1^'»«^- bVGiN.uv DismiCT.-lucludes all the counties not included - „■ Detroit Dis Sdhml ru."- r'"''"-^ «'"-va,ssee, the four northeastern .. , „,s of Gi^Uot" M land Ua.lw.n the eastern half of Koscommon. and the eastern half of (W r« w « ' r. '^""'"'- ^''"'''^'•' ^'- «• ""^'^'-^ l^^^'^oiver, F. J. Burton Gkani> River Di.sTi«cr.-Includes all of the State vest of the Detro .p- \ ...• Sce^S'iSef ;■':; j"^^"'"'\^^--- ''^^^' «-^' -^ "- ':::z. wmte, louia. Registei, E. Stevenson; Receiver, J. L. Jennings CiiKHOYOAN DiSTRiCT.-Includes all north of the Grau.l Rher and west of the Elver, „„aGn;„."T™v„,f;;';:;:i.fr '"'■■" "'"-" °">"""" "" "«"".«-.i The fac the State lauds lyini depression sought for The Sta swamp Ian lands, such made in tli settlement required in The auu tember 30, number of t Primary Scl l^niversity . Normal Sclu A.sylum Salt Spring Asset , Agricultural Swamp land Swainp (oxc Swamp (liom Primary Sch Internal imi: Totals . . * Dediictliiif !»2.'l.65 acres. Public Lands. 21 DKTROIT mSTKICT. r.UAM> RIVICU DISTUICT. Iti this district there are about :}0,000 acres nu«okl lo ono of xvi.i .u ■ .. county, and the balance chiefly in ^^-o i CONDITIONS OI' 8AI.K. The only lands Hold by the State in any eondderal.le qnantilx. as ^vlIl ho «oon ^rio of '■'•""'^ ^^■'.'"'; ^^^^■-'"'^"'•"1 ^«"<^^-N -"1 -van.,, lands. The n ni , m price of Prnnary School lan.ls i.s fonr dollars per aero for farnnn^^ lands, lifty e eent ot whn-h .s payable at the time of entry, the halunco at the option of ho purchaser with interest at seven per cent., payable annnully. The mini „m pnce of the A^ricnltnral College lan.ls is three dol-ars i.m- acnf for farnnnndT Uv^enty-flve per con., at the tin>e of entry, and the balance on same term^ ^^.bove Pine a.nl o her timbered lands in this chvss. live dollars per acre. Thrsutmn iS'iT thetar"\r "-;\r"''"-'^'' ^-- "^ ^'- best Varmin,; and ti-XS ands in the State. Many of the legal subdivisions have no swamp at nil nnon them, but tho .^otions npon which they are situated were noted upon the govern ment snrvcj . wamp land, from tho presence of swan.p or overtlowed laml SLrbv tj:.' '^ f ""' actions, and hence came within the teimTof t" cos .on by the ge.,e,-al governme,.t. The mininn.m p.ice of these lands is ono cu V hIkI r'f """ ""1 '".'■ ""'^' '-^-'y-^^-- Por cent, payable at the time of nn IV ; . ocmmed within one year; other ter.ns of pay.nent same as noted above for other lands. Settlers have the right of pre-(Mnption howoveT prt:;!:;^::? .r " '•^'"? '^'" ''^'''' '"'"-'^ ••^""^•' "^■^' years':;.c.C"y'.n7 ^ provemont and npon complying with certain co.iditio.is :is to drainage When TAIil.K OK LANDS UY OOUNTIKS. The followi. r table shows, by counties, the nu.nber of acres of land of the three chusses named, hold by the State:* CWINTIKS. Alcona AUega.i , . .. Alpena Antrim Bay ; Benzie Charlevoix . ('heboyga.i . <'bipi)ewa .. <-lare . CJravvford Delta E.nmot Gladwin . G'd Traverse Oratiot .... Houghton . Huron Iosco Isabella... Kalkaska . . . . Keweenaw... Lake Leelanaw . Mackinaw . Manistee I'l'iniiiry SoIkxiI I.iiiuIk, Agr. Coll. LuikIh. 20,1 50.43 1,280 11,098.53 (j,'08() :i,n25.0!) 5.135.04 4.440 ],08;}.7« 7,(i40 5,120 2,743.72 2,400 2,100 9,247.44 30.930.21 2,355.4!) 5,723.50 17.749.50 5.877.50 1.731.97 2,045 1,080 20.809.35 0,537.50 5,094.83 1.720 0.280 4.008.40 2,997.05 1,547.75 10,089.851. . 3,408 10,520 Swiiiiip LandA. COUNTIEP. Primary Heliodl LhikIk. Agr. (\)11. Lands. 1,000 20,995.88 0.515.31 28.354. 2,570 111.983 3.008 9.837 5.495 0.088 44,142 t443,972 0.951, 17.238, 147.372. 18.084 8.702 5.358 4,050 t70,059. 27,009. 25,550. 1,880 12.372 t4.007 3.782 2,518. t293.485. 11,904 .09 Maniton .03 Marquette . . .8li Mason 1.04' Mecosta .10 Menominee .98 Midland .03| Missaukee .. . .41! Moni-oe .44 Mo.itmo.-oncy ,30, Muskegon ,p9' (Newaygo . . . 39 Oceanii .7l|jOge.naw .59,|0.itonagon . .47i Osceola .83 Oscoda . . .82lOtsego .12|Presquc Isle .07iiKosco.n.iion ■08, Saginaw . . . .92 Sa.iilac .. .13|;Sohoolciaft .99|St. (^hxir :2r)!|Tuscola . Wexford. 2.015.55 43,148.87 2.405.40 001.91 15,.502.25 1.335.12 3.040 25(!.9] 7.200 2.878.28 2.515.84 (i80 3,702.09 38.039.90 2.(i39.40 (i.200 5,888.38 8,831 4,005.80 2,770.89 7.440 i7,002.97 300 3.040 3.720 Swaini) Landd. 3,915.94 9.922^95 17.105.27 0.470.13 9(i0.00 28..30O 2.744.75 t220.54o.70 8.327.83 2,.'J25.84 101.234.00 3.555.29 24.225.18 3,881.31 43.707.91 4,032.80 5,074.85 3,040.20 7,327.38 93,909.48 3.004.40 4.003.89 12,747.02 124,008.34 31.789.50 4,227.03 27,354.50 t404,044.84 4,410.81 10.348.59 .3.480.00 private .ntry. ,>euan.g ll.o «„,..•.{ It grants maao ■for-mUroi.dpVu^'^ses'l.i'^^^^^^^^^ ^'■°" Public Lands. 23 RAILROAD AND CANAL LANDS. aittin.ilo Mction.s of lan.l to a given extent sliould bo griuitea to Michi.r.m for the purpoM. of bnihling certain railroads. The principal grants v re o the FHn FUNT AND 1-KUK MAUQUETTE HAILWAY LANDS. Of ur.Ini'V"".' ^'^'^^',^:"-^'>""t« K'^il^vay offers for sale the entire unsold portion of ts land grant, consisting of 250,000 acres In the central portion of the Lower rf";;;;:t.; '•; r'if ;£'s" ""' ";' '"''' '"'^^''^'"'- '''^^ '-^'« "« - •^^'if rd 01 till, load west of the bagmavv river, and in the following counties- „^'":'"'y- Acres. M'f1'"Hl 14400 Gludyyui .2.200 ^''V",, 21,000 i?'"'«H* 7:800 Mecosta ;i;j 100 ^^"""'y- Acres. ?«fola 0,900 'j;^^^ 65,200 ^[''^^"yS" 36000 f^™'-^"'' 0900 M-'**0'' 05,100 The lands in the seven first named comities lie east of the Muskejron river and are farnii,^ lands, with the exception of 17,500 acres in Clare cttrand ^Ztr^'nle ;■"?' *•-"">■•.•"-■''>• -.l"<^"lo for pine, of which there Is a bea t fnig a„d';.;nir" " '"' '"'^'^^^" '--^ ^^'--^ '^'-^^"^ ^"^"'-' ^— » falMlowever '^i/'ST^ """ '"'":' ^"""'"'^ '"'^ ""'^'-''"^ "'-'' -'»> sufilcient fall, ho^^ eve., lor good drainage, an.l are mainly timbered with hard woods-oak beech, maple ynn or basswood, elm. etc.. with some scattering p no Tit lands' n Gladwin, lare. Isabella. Jlecosta and (X^ceola counties are ^ontlv rollim. of . loamy, gravelly soil, with nmnerons springs of pure water. The timber s"'prhi- cipally beech an.l maple, with occasion.al belts of pine ^ The east side of Lake and Newaygo counties is substantiallv like the foregoing with a larger proportion of pine. In the west part of Lake c^^nnty are found S siderable sandy ,,Iains. v.-.y easily cleared and cultivated Mason .and O.rana counties lie on the east shore of Lake Michigan, in the cele- brated fruit belt Of Michigan. The lands are timbered with bce^h. „ ip ia l wood, hemlock, pine, etc.. tlic soil loamv and productive The pine lands have been carefully estimated, so as to show the (uialitv and qu.an ity, m thousand feet, board measure, of the timber on e.ach foitv. e lot am he price o such timber lands will range from $l.->5 to $2.50 per' tt, sand nit ImT" , n"''v ''".""■" """"'• ^"""•^- -although valuable mainly fo t le wt; ';';■;!'"■"."'• *»•• «=^''ning purposes when the pine shall be removed What are cal ed tanning lands as .listingnishe.l from timber lands, are those vl ^re the principal timber is hardwoo.l. such as beech, maple, rock elm ef. The a e good farming lands and arc held at from five to ten dollars pe acre. Terms of payment on tanning lands are one-quarter down, and balan e in three to five annual payments, with annual interest at seven per cent. On tin bei and ot- quarter down ,u.d bah- i„ three annual payments, with interest as abov^ t land to be paid lor before the timber is cut. The oflice of the companv Is • t Last S.aginaw-Wm. L. Webber. Commissioner. ' LANDS OF TlIK (iUAND KAl'ID.S AND INDIANA KAII.KOAD. The limits of the grant to the Grand Rapids and Tndiamv Kaihvav are twentr imles oa either side of the original line of 'survey of the rou'te of Uifroajand 24 Statistics op MrciiioAN. .•oini.ri.s..s l,l(!(),;t82 acvs. some 8;W,21!) of whirl, have 1«.,m, ,-0Mtln.,..,1 fn tl - n .V..I.S. ilu. ia„,ls ot tl„. C.n.pany now -.H,! (br salo aro lo,.a((.,l as lbll„v.s- ,;''"""J- Acres. Montcalm— alioiit 10 000 ^*'^^">'.":" .--'-'.'.." 22,000 .'^^■J""'*? 'I . 2r..ooo /fl"'"'^ 500 "«f»l'l 87.000 '"■''^<' (11.000 CiilMily. AVcxlbrd ^lissaiikcc < J rand 'I'ravcrsc Kalkaska Maiiisicc Anli'hn <'liarlcv<)i\- ... Acres. 12!),000 fiS.OOO (Id.OOO IM.OOO 4,000 8«,000 (12,000 Already about 150.000 anvs l.av. U-.n di .,,os.mI of for „..arlv ^OOOOOO Tho... lands are tin,., .rod with l,....!. and n.aple, eln, and other 1 a.'f 3^^ :im.ss,b e t.. the best n,arket, by water and ,ail, an,l a.-o in a ,,,,• f tl Sf' e uneqnalled for health, well wate,-ed, and eon.i;,n.ons to the -neat it L..'" tioa of the oast .shore of Lake ^Miehi-r.,,, " '"'"' '"'"'"^ >'*'''• their wealth and hnsim-ss power ^ul:^VZ:^t^rt''::rZ'T''l 1.000; irowa.-d (Mty, 1,000; Hi, Hapids, ;,,200. ^.d ( .an, L^Lr^;.;!;^' ^""'"^ '''^''^y^ st.r?irt'r,-:^';:;:.;;:.";:,^S ;^;:ve,:^ ';i;^ --.,.., -extend., n..., the line of the road, and when it is e..nsi:,:::;:, ;H:^'^t^e*;. il riaiirma ^ "^l hem, are eove,-.M. with n.aple, beeeh. ash. oak. lynn, bireh an.l e^^.a /e "pe^^ .;r ' . r . '"T "'^""'"^ '''''■'>' '""' -"".v-loan,, an.l riel, riv.M' 1 ., ton seet on of M.eh.o-an nu.st ..v.M.tnally be..on.e on., of ^n.n in.portanee a ,.1 we.,1 . r..., 't'u •"; »'."J""='""" "'• ''H" .'-.Mties ,lir....riy north an.l . .,Kl,-> "s .r « and Kap.ds, .s ,,„,te 250.000. and .-apLlly in..reasin., whil.. th,- bnsi.u. ^w ami mannaetn,u, i„,.M.,.sts of (i,-an.l Kapi.ls. IJu.kfor.i. O.lar Sp,.in Is MoX ' and leoskev. all on the line of the n.a.l. ai'e evi.len.'.'s „f ,h,. .-uiiditv w h whieh the natn,-al w.>alth of tl„. .section is bei,, develop...! ' ' Ihe Company^ otlu... is^at (i.-an.l Kapids. AVn.. A. Ifowan, bein. Con.n.issioner. ivonS4;oSl) .."'■''■•'' "" '""' '"•'""•^-'"f- '!'"« ln'"l^ a,.eheld at lion, «4 to $10 per acre, one .p.arter down, an.l the balanee on time payn.ents. LAM).S UK nil.: .,ACKSC.X. l,AN.siNO AM. ,s.V(iIXAW HAII.UOAI.. The lunlts of this gfrant are flftee., .niles on ea.-h side of the ori-nnal line of be eontirmed and patented to the Con.pany. The Jaekson, Lans in,, .t l^n^^Z llZ t • ^^'''"''' * '""'''""^ Kaih-oad also exten.ls alon.r the west sule of the g,-ant and thn.ngh the n,idst of the lands in the northe.". counties! Portioi Hinori TI,o wood, 1 Oak is Other \ ash, th»! from til the n,aj oi-eeks ii The as follo' County. Gratiot . Saginaw Bay Ogemaw Roseomri Missankt The.se and loca ment.s, w longer t; Commi.ss Of the St. Mary' constrneti Houghton "Mineral no data ii Horatio I] Aggregi; follows : Oovernmei State land Railway la Canal lands * Not repoi flUor tlio nan 20). Tlio Von acres, mostly per acre. PlTBLIC LanI>S. 25 Tlio lan.lH uro well i 1 ' ,' , u ^' '" "T7 ''"''''' "^ "»«^° ''''^^^'^ W00.1, ash, honno.r n " ; ' ,: l' "' ' ^"7:'^^ 1^"-' '"-!"«, beech, bass- Oak is fo„..., 1,. .;,.., ;oc ion . Ov ' o ^hS'^i'^l ""^^ f "^^''^ "-* -'th- Other valuabhi tin.l...... ,..„ e, ., . ' "'"^".f''''*! of the lands are "ph.o lands." as The, amount of unsold lauds of the c„„,pany In the several counties is stated Acres. County. Acres. t»ratiot y„„ g^"- -•y.---y.v-:: 3,?SS Roscommon .... iz^'^ Missaukee.. ,M^^ (),0()8 on Barnes, County. Kalkaska ,,,,„„„ <'niwf«rd ,'Xl Otsetro 148,252 Antrim..::; ^iw ^'I'cboygan. .:::::::::;::::::::;: iiff ments, with interest annually at seven n».. " ., "■'^*' ^''^''''^ '*»"»al instal longer time if desired LjoZJv^ '^^^^^^^^^ ^^'^rmlng lands will bo sold o Commissioner. Company s olllce is at Lunslng-O. M. Barnc 8AULT ST. MAKIE CANAL LANDS. cOLStrnotlou of tl,o work, abi, 10 ()(£,..». ? "»,".»""» »f the Company on tho "Mincal E.,„gc," au,l the .eiiialiKler »ro a. ,-l™i Z i , '^ f"' ''" "■'»" "■« no ,lala at lm,ul f,on, whiol, to °t,ril!f , , ," ""'"S"»"». There is Iloratio «l,e,ow, or «„,.„,„ Mar.;,';' Pr "ll^rjth:' ^i^L'r '""^ "" "="■ RECAPITULATIOX. f«.t^:r'°"' ""' '""•"" '""* o-™" '» ™"T «."■ «.t.cme„. ■„ M,eh„a„ „„ a. < el Government Htate lands: Railway lands . Canal lands lands* Primary Hciiooi Agricultural College Swamp lands . Other State lands '" Acres. 451,500.00 447,318.87 165,504.57 2,514,364.43 8,126.84 1,514,202.00 130,000.00 until ICO.OOO tl.25 26 Statistics ok Mich rr; an. VI [. ACnnOULTlJKK Tho yarioly of nffrlnillural pro.In.-tlon, and its .lisUlbiitlon I.y vmnUlcn, mo sln.wn !)y llio tal.l,.s xvl.irh follow. I.i n-no-ato products, Mm oI.I.t .•ountlos of iio.<(<8- nil 1,0 h.un.1 lo hohl Koo.l In all parts of ll.o S.alo wl.oro in.,„ovo,nont an.l cnUl- vation l.ayo .vol ,oaoh...l. II is l,a/,ar.lin- nolhin- to say (l.ooanso proven by oxporl- inont so lar as it has Loom l.a.l) that will, a .iillonMU'o of n.oro ihan four ami n half .loffroesot hUltu.lo, tho samo orops, sul.staulially, ami uilh II,., sa„,o avo.a-o of pro.h.otio.,, that a,-o smnrsslully j,n'ow„ oi, a li,.,- .hawi, oast ai,.l wost wlih it« oxlTo.nos rosli„o.o„.AIo,„-oo a,„l I?o,->'io„ oountios, will l,,, r,-ow„ wilh o.p'.al sikmmvss In I ros,i,.o lslo,Cl,ol,oyj:an,ai„l |.;„„„ot oo.,„tios. Tho only j.art of tin, Stato that can p,-oporly lHMlosin;„„,Ml as.lislin^.nisho.l for any s|,ooial pn..lnollon, is tho woll- known "l.rnit JJoll,- oxton.lin- alonj; n.o sho,.. of I.ako J\liohi;,'an, f.-o,n tho south- west oornor of ll,o Slato, p,-aolioally to tho .Sl,-aits of Mackinao. Poaohos and l)crrios aro thus far tlio distins-nishino^ prodnotions of Ihis .T^rjo,,, whilo pn.spoct- Ivcly s:,-apcs will no .lonl.t l.o la.-ftoly cn.ltivalod, as Ihoy .lopond npon Iho samo Kei,o,-al oond.t.ons of soil ami olimalo. I5nt whilo thoso aro tho spoolaltlos of the "lM',„t l?oll," |l„.y ai-o also s..oeessf,dly , raised will, olher frnlls of tho orchard in tho cenlral, southern, and oastorii parts of tho Slalo. r.EOLOOY OF Til 10 SOU.. The limiis of Ihis work will permit '.M.t a cnrso.y ^.lance at tho composition and capacilies ot soil, and nothln^r f,„.thpr will bo olVced under Ihis head than a few comments by r.-of. ^Vinoholl, in an address befo,-e the Htato A-'rieidlnral hociety ,n ISO,.. After explaining at some len-th tho prol,ablo Koolo-ical foi-m.a- tion of the soil, ho says: "Thus was conslilnted the basis of onr soils. Xo olher soils In the Ion- his- tory of tho world have been fonndod upon a proparalion so vast and so complete, iho o-poat abundanee of snperlleial materials has caused the rocks to lie for tho most i)art, several feet beneath tho surface. The dei,lh of Ihis subsoil secures al; loiust two i.nporlant advantages: First, tho droushis of sum.nor cannot .Iry out the soil, lor ca]>illa,-y attraction continually replenishes it IVon, below. Secondly wo have an inexhaustible slo,-e of Iho saline conlituenis of soils, which aro per- petually drawn to tho surface with the moisture which rises in obedience lo'eapil- laTor •'*'""' '""' '"'" '''^1'''''^'''' "^ *'"' •'^""■'■"''^' "■'>'^" "'^'t moisture escapes in Of variety of productions the same writer says: "Our soils alVord us eve,y variety of crops" which flourish in tho temperate zone. _ Ihere is „o State which yields better returns of the cereals. In re-.ird to fruits, It would seem as if Pomona herself had selected Michigan for her chosen abode. I am prond to travel over the northwest and hear tho acknowlod-nnent made, that lor their line apples Ihey are imlebted to :Michiffan. * Tho samo is true ot- stiawberries and other smaller fruits. Behold how nature herself has selected Michiffan as the Held fo r the perfection of some of her wild fruits. The raspbor northwi nuts pr( and tho Rtaple I successfi Htato ca prodiici, Rtill UIK prime ri tor dei>e poet of Undei remarks The \ in the SI Under ;( Three an Ten and Twenty u Fifty and This li of 8mall I T/ The fo I. Th.> ]8(M, and 1804, 1870, ties of the II. Tho tho averaji oonnties ol III. The If. in rcfija IV. Tho of tho Stat in the Stat \ . The : cinnf com of sheep sIk For the counties of Kula, are no counties." AoiirfULTmiK. 27 nulM ,„..,. ., I /ah/,., t .. ; r """ '■'•••"""•'•••'-• * * <"• Mil tl.„ 'U..I ••- n.n„or ovn/ll ot,, X 1 :;;.;''''' T.'"'' '''■";^''"""" •" ^'"■•"K"". m.,-..,.ssfnlly r..an., N, x l'„ i " '"'""'' ''"' ""'"•'*''» '"" vl"" nniy bo pro,l„..., „on,; ..„t IH, H . „o, ' , ^ ;i:;^''''r'^ ""'■'^' "'''' '""^ «^- Htm un.h... ti.„ sl.,ul., of ,1,0 n,n.s. ( , L ''''""'T ^T "' """^ ^'''^" '« prl.no r,..,u..,st a,„o„^. ,.av:tlry „ II... . A „1 . ' '!'" '''"""•"' '" ^"'"•"- '"■« '" poct of Hoon HluM.lln^^ pn.,.ml„!!„t." '""~'^"'"'«'"' "^''"'J" l%>.,with a fair inos- Tfador tho hoaij of " M..|c...n,l..;ry .„„i (;ii,„„,„ „ ,„,„ , . , remarks applicabl,, .....I.t this hoa.l? '"' ^"""^ """'° ^"'•"'O'" NllMHKIt AND SIZK OF FAFIMH. Tlio United Stales coiisns rnnnrf fnv i«7n „i .• la the Slate al Uat tln.o ,1 Sv„: ' ''" '"" """""'' '"'^ '"='° "^ <•""» Under ll acres j... Three and nnd.M- 10 " it-r',.'.. Ten and under 20 y,W,\ Twenlyan.l inider r/o.; •wy,,- Flfty and under 100 ',j ■^■^ One liundred and inider 500 12 175 I'ive iMindre.I and under 1,000 "" '57 One Ihonsand and over "'■' k Tills last sehednle is of InLeresi Of Bn.all ,arn,s in Ihe larn.ln^ indniuy :d- u!e ^::!r'"' '""'"'""""y "'" ^'^turo TAXAIU.IO AM, rnvnOYED LAND AND FAIIM I'ltODUCTS. The followhl" five (ilili'i: ii.!I.,.i <• .t I. The nnn.her o ^1 7 J ' Hnd ^ "'"^"77 "^"'^ '' ^«"^' «^-^ = 1S.M, and 187.,, and the n.nnl e of . .-e" ot n ro'v^T' ,' ''" "'"""■^ "' ^'^^' 18C4, 1870, and 187.|, exhihitin-' f„r , le S ..f ^"Tr \ ""''' ''" '•''l'«>-t«'l «» 1854, ties of tl,; Slate; ' '^'""'"'- '^^" "'« '^l'^'" ""'I for Iho principal improvo.l coun- tho'avX"yu'!;c-"r' r uirsiT'^^ i '''-'-'' '^^ ^^"^^^ ''--^«'^. -<^ .o.n.Ues o^U^ Sla^l l- r uio'JealJ^^t^crlrmJr ^^^^^^^^^ ^vhoat-^rowin, il. i"n^::;..rt:r;u'^^ ''-'- -^ ^" ^"^ production of ;orn, as are .hown In tabic of u!!: sui"::^ K^xie vir^r iS':;d^!T ^^rt^^ '-•^"-"■^ -'-"- in the State in 1803; ' "' ""'' "'° *«t^^'^ «*' ^''"i^'"- Prodnction \. The mri.ber of the diflbrcut kinds of live stock named in (h. ... ■ , ..r;i:;f:,.T:;,.:i :;;"„^;,"- ""'- - -■■• »"" - "= '-^ .8c.r'::7'ir; coiiiitlcs." o=".'=-"i» Bonig iiiduilcd miller the head of "otlicr 28 StATISTICH of MiCtfKJAN. Statu . . . Allcjfiiii Hurrv Uuy: Bprrioii Mriiiuli . .. . . <'lllll(Mlll _.. . ( 'il.XM . ('lllllOII... Eiitoii tJoiicsco fjon Nfwavtfo Oakland Oceana Osocola Ottawa Saginaw Sanilac Shiawassee .. .. St. Clair St. .losoph TusiMila Van Huron Washtenaw Wayue Other counties . I. At;UKa OV T/VXAIILK A.M» IMI'UOVEIJ LAND.* HTATi; A Nil (OlNTIliS. Taxaiii.k I.anii. 7,!i2i,r)(ii I7i 225.;t27 I'liHim of IMII. 2l!).2t!5 128,lti:{ 481t.22."> ]!)0.s:is til,!»2f< ()(i.(>40 ;u!.4: . 302.r>4^{ 4i,!)i;j lit7.278 41(Mi07 :<25.;{80 ]10.(i50 12,08(1,(1(11 27(t,;i7!» 258,! I! H) Mr.,r.(i2 :«:!4.7(ii 281.478 ;t8!i.irt2 2!t|.S(;i 2(12,524 :i2i.!i:<() 27!t.!»2l 54.78!) 151.(121 :{:t!t,578 141.014 2;i!».508 242.175 20.112 428,10(1 :u;i.i4:t 407,1188 i:t;i,40!) ;{04.58!) 22.41»1 :t!ti,i;n ;M(i,85:{ 257,;t48 ;n 8,2(18 :ta.;»i:» 44,!t02 2i,:ti)0 280,558 251.55' ii;{,:i(K8 21 0,48! » 511,017 1:17,881 1(11.112 l(l!l,52;i l(!7,!t20 2tl;l.27(> 282,188 2!W.(;80 127.788 301,;U)5 410,901 ;151).408 .04(l,0i»l) i VriNiiM 1H7». iMi'mivKU Land, rtlMIIN lif 1S04. 2(l,5:tO,1 (18.85 2,1i;i,!l85 .■1,(177,(145 50!l,2(l!t.27 ;i:i7. 107.80 4(15,252.54 :t;t(l.(12(».05 ;ii7,;i8(i.75 4:t!l.(12!».IO .'(02,081,75 .'158.251.(17 ;t5(t.!t50.7(l ;t!l4,757.4(i 2(12,721.88 :152.05!I.45 ;i(17.2I2.75 4;f5.|07,(!(l ;t40.277.;M :t:t8,7 17.50 :M5,742.»14 4:i7.152i75 :i4;t,4(i7 528,77:1.28 202.!ttlO.!H! 415,(H):t,.50 14!),:t47.80 45!),752.22 :15!).472 28!(.8!H1.7;{ 25i».:»(!:j.5(i 252,:125.04 ;i42,oi:».52 777,4.-)4,78 :i42,2;t5.27 44i,:t04,;io 270,157.01 4!t5,40O..50 5:t(),8.')8,25 2!)(!,520.28 :i27.844.4(i :i:t4.77:i.22 48i),o:{2.!t:» 548,1 tK),52 :i2!>,;t04.8ii 427,58:1.1 (i :105,5:12.50 470,418.0:1 :t80,45G.24 4;i7,7:i!).i;i :i77,;0!).:i:{ 0.(142.700.15 I'llMtlN I 1*14. 22.078 27.807 4(1.0.58 (l!t.485 I2i,02:t (17,0(10 28.S70 ;t7.'25;i 54.058 III !I5,8:{0 44.8(14 47,20(1 140,(171 !l5,0;t(l (12,054 44,2!"»i 14:i,2!Hl 101,147 85,415 (10,775 5,977 :i.6.'..s 213,728 1,S,:178 2,072 C.788 :to.o4:i 22,258 10(),G70 2.481 :io,8:i8 177,024 95.451 5,104 " 000 •i,:is() 4,i:ii 00,122 122,(111 1IM.055 12:1,20:1 (17,(Kt7 77,:t80 05,:i41 4,5();t 10,841 1(10,010 (1.080 8;t,(ioo oi,(i;t(i 2.475 2l4,!t(17 174.054 i:!5.0(i;{ 2,270 78.4:t!» 2,771 210,2(18 144,18(1 10(1,077 1.1.54 77(1 2,(1(18 1,701 100,!»55 24,1 111 8,701 12,!)41 278,747 :t,879 4(1,101 24,585 21,142 04,01 ;i 00,740 ioi.:i(ii 1!»,785 8:1,751 224,024 1:17,708 11,!)45 ('cnxniiiir I.S70. C'ciimiit of JM74. 5,088,057 5,540,8:10.0:1 1OI.208 llO.:ilil 7,(145 i:to.i 47 i.5o.:t(iii 2io,o:ti 102.471 ii;i.:ioi 115.701 172,18!! 14,004 40,870 102,070 25,284 127,7:10 15(1,007 15,077 251.0(1!) 200.118 20:1,710 408 108,120 11,47(1 20:1,240 17!».748 1.5:i,(l!)l 2,401 4,:i74 10,704 5,251 I2:i,:t85 48.422 10,745 21,!)87 ;(:i5,404 11.844 4,582 82,002 ;i:i.:i85 45.80;i 110.840 105,22:1 105,5:18 48,400 124,522 28:1,001 172,21:1 35,790 144,028 14S,707 11,484.50 151,117.24 1(18,40:i.50 242,.520 i(io,(io;i.5o 144,508.25 i:i0,8|8 170,.54l.50 I5,o;io 50,088 215.'>08.5() 28.110.50 i:i0.877.50 ].52,;i(10 18,120 251,077 210,880 218,081 11,087 127,557 i:i,:io7 250,502,02 185,002 15:1,222.75 0,5:14 0.1:14.25 l!l,(124 7.001.55 127.:i00.1(l 57,5;ii).5r> 20,174 20,1 !)1 3:11.100.25 1!),;175 8,010 87.0:1:1.12 07,020.12 (i:i,018.55 11 8,781. .50 101,58I).o0 107,404 00.501 147.501.50 200.715 180.254.75 74,820.41 f 8TATI AMI COl'NTI State .. . Allo^riin . . Antnni . . Harry . . . IJa.v Berrien .. Hnvneh. . . (y^ilhoim.. ( 'asH Clinton.. Eaton (ienoNeo CJr. Travel (iratiot Ilillsdalo. Huron lufjliani . loniii.. Isabella. •'ackson Kalaniazo( Kent T.apeer ... l-eelanaw . Lenawee . Mvin^stoii M.-iconil) . . IVIecosla .. Monroe ^lontcalin . Muske^foii . Xewa\ iiro . Oakland... Oceana ... Osceola Ottawa... Saifinaw.. Saidlac Shiawassee .St. (Jlair... St. Joseph.. Tuscola Van Ilureti. Washtenaw Wayne . . . . Other couni • Tho fiicts of tliis t!il>lo nro rolovant to ilnaiu-o in the lijilit of tiixiition, ns writ ns to nsriculturo. lO tille " 1 - ' ' • ' " ■ . .. • poses or not Tho title "iiuprovoil liiiul," ooiui>vi'hemls iiU iiiiproveVl l.Vnas.Viicther i^sea for "aKricurtiinVlpur. not. '^ '^ Agricultuue. 29 BTATK AMI COINTIKH. 8 TATK . . . Alloj'iin . . . . AiitHin Hurry IJay Horrloii nr.uicli (.'alhoiin < 'iiss . . . <'llMtOll Eiilo'i (iciipseo <0 i2.:i(io 8,747 28.2.12 25,1 !)2 i(i,;)o;( 'i:i.r)r.8 1,5U4 49,17-) r.-.,ftfl5 109,444 ]:ji),2i)r. 207,!)74 48(l,()4!( 20i»,022 08.7;»8 112,028 ](i4,10() Avpr. icon 12.1.3 ia.;i8 Ki.?).'! i:t.8!) ir!.2:t ]2.7:j ■ 'io . .,fj 1H«.'). Acr*'H. 1,227 :m 541 0,111 1.482 24.(i7() 117 4.022 43,528 11,31)2 850 341.247 1(5,00!") 171,102 054,201 :i5;t.,sn 170,281 141,803 540,l("t2 300,425 200,005 103,077 17,150 ' -M-io 779.044 10,571 7.210 10,930 74.171 23,074 305,021 3.102 03.011 759,572 171,200 2,540 15.42 13.12 14.27 14.20 10.94 13.77 l(i.21 19.;"t2 14.30 12.30 12.62 10.75 '7.48 15.84 843,881 10,291 77 25,190 149 2(i,039 27,W)5 5(i,923 37,751 14,054 1(!,751 l(i,485 1,031 3,034 .35,301 1.3!»8 18,(184 34,107 484 50,0(10 1 49,970 43.405 15.1 !)7 311 40,3.58 33,295 19,800 420 15,32 4,943 1,298 2,174 55,352 044 llunlii'U. 15.95 21.41 20.20 12.13 15.50 14.81 27,02 13,70 17.45 15.03 8,008 3,222 4,172 14,950 10,03.3 45,049 4,091 21,587 47,723 13,235 985 0,088,027 210,454 (!7(i 272,380 1,291 341,303 407,949 835,583 307,741 97,i>0.3 105,454 117.820 12,154 18,871 479.80!) 13,784 181,. '(02 214.5(12 .3,201 7.i3.558 082,032 3.30.374 108.715 2.!)75 477.825 290,734 220.732 4.877 179.(iO(l 50.525 10.078 1 1!).317 (i05.5!)0 7,459 AviT. 87.885 20,542 3!),211 109,301 102,207 517.495 30,385 295,135 714,909 181,145 8,970 11.48 12.91 8.77 10.81 8.00 13.10 14.01 14.07 10..*)3 0.08 9.87 7.14 11.78 0.21 13.5!) 0.85 !).70 0.29 (i.V3 73.09 i;i.04 7.74 11.10 !).50 11.83 8.7.3 11.14 11.44 11.71 11.43 12.84 8.88 10.!>4 11.58 10.89 0.37 !).39 7.31 10.18 11.48 8.89 13.07 14.08 13.08 W7a. Arrpn, 1,134,484 20,812 708 39,01 1 514 33,354 3!),013 05,777 43,403 30,97!) 20,581 32,173 2.272 9,2!)0 42.902 4,089 30,715 38,221 2,812 01,349 03,478 41,!)32 22,704 1,827 41.588 43,081 21,270 2,450 17,9f)7 10,251 2„320 3,!)95 08,010 3,074 !)88 14,4.50 5,030 11,250 30.541 15,330 55,223 9,185 30,729 02,310 14,330 3,810 Iliinlicli'. 15,450,202 3.'i0,883 10,852 555,584 11,042 442,554 48(1,089 951,828 588,241 5(J5,552 432,55!» 478,710 28,441 1.33,997 550,502 07,407 478.922 594,519 4.3,491 739,075 82!),.321 5(;9..35.3 352,075 20,023 554,720 608,.58() 277.010 43,017 201,173 1(50,372 30,.355 53,003 840,714 41,809 13.927 217,594 104,333 147,118 403,412 210.140 503,241 140,070 377,813 870,401 170,033 57,607 Avdr. 13.02 13.31 15.33 4.24 21.48 13.20 12.47 14.47 13.55 15.29 10.27 14.87 12.51 14.42 12.81 10.48 15.59 1 5,55 15.40 12.0.-) 13.00 13.57 15.40 14.24 13.33 13.10 13.05 17.80 11.17 15.04 13.08 13.26 12.33 13.00 14.00 15.05 18.51 13.07 15.17 13.09 10.74 15.00 12.20 14.06 12.28 '• ,,:> 30 Statistics op Michigan. III. CORN IIAUVKSTEU, AXD AVERAGE YIELD PER ACRE. STATE ilNII COUNTIES. Acres, State 327,042 7,818 "7,020 12,158 i;j,41o 10,072 21,858 4,490 5,100 7,09? 13 i3,Gi4 0,033 0,005 Allegan Antrim Barry . . . Bay Benzie Berrien Branch Calhoun Cass Clinton Eaton Genesee Gr. Traverse . , Gratiot Hillsdale Huron Ingham Ionia Isabella Jaclison Kalamazoo Kent Lapeer Leelanaw . . Lenawee... Livingston. Macomb Manistee . . . -Alasoii Mecosta Mitlland.. . Monroe Montcalm ... Musivegou . . Newaygo . Oalvlanil Oceana Osceola Ottawa 2,838 Saginaw 253 Sanilac 175 Shiawassee 4,111 St. Clair.. .... 1.99;} St. Joseph . .. 27,845 Tuscola 307 Van Buren C,824 Washtenaw ...1 17,080 Wayne l],805 Other coiiatie.s 394 7,035,473 113,504 14S",879 402,935 373,820 389,021 570,4:39 118,080 100,951 1 13,972 250 345,064 14.51 21.18 17,189 17,317 8,977 0,016 23,230 10,204 14,064 104,964 151,680 374,820 503,741 207 728 120,754 '5'M;J53 .779 1,473 33.14 27.80 24.20 26.37 26.39 20.72 10.00 19.23 25.38 10.190 37 10,947 117 241,895 1,135 214,189 2,587 17.39 22.96 21.80 32.55 23.14 18.25 '21.57 19.00 10.31 9,745 982 " " 405 23.801 179,435 19,001 5,144 478,090 62.498 6,903 3,010 64,947 47,278 044,482 6,454 210,254 438,583 31. '5,224 7,001 18.41 19.90 ii.oo 20.11 22.02 27.28 20.60 15.79 23.72 23.14 17.58 30.81 25.07 20.70 19,998 17,447 19,118 20,912 6,498 7,498 8,085 370 2,277 22,044 219 8,993 7.485 578 21,915 22,471 10,507 0,079 499 29,027 14,540 O.-'Ol 59 98 219 153 l.'>,879 2,080 703 1,642 22,315 024 4.061 2.177 273 6,428 2,763 26,590 2,332 13,074 20,716 14,540 75 010,170 498,372 528,338 G9<,074 109,472 108,698 198,158 9,386 52,605 555,009 3,098 193,893 159,420 8,639 042,174 714,572 219.768 141,904 11,216 726,778 317,896 232.988 1,224 2,581 3,220 3.650 347,110 39,570 18,423 19,080 796,30 15,019 23.72 30.07 19.50 22.11 . 103.774 40,054 4,817 120,070 45,923 044,020 42,599 405.587 673,735 340.024 2,025 30.51 28.56 27.63 25.81 26.08 22.49 22.81 1 25.30 23.12 24.53 16.88 21.56 21.29 14.94 29.30 31.79 13.31 23.34 22.47 25.03 21.85 24.01 20.74 20.33 14.70 23.85 25.00 19.02 26.20 11.61 35.68 24.06 22.26 18..39 17.64 20.17 10.02 21.21 18.26 20.06 32.47 23.79 19,045 597 17,089 474 734 27,795 27,210 27,711 35,509 13,827 25,808 14,102 1,108 6,658 29,881 595 1 15,318| 15,996 1,758 29,203 27,201 19,186 9,704 1,313 32,871 17,300 15,033 648 406 1,210 503 18,420 5,420 2,123 2.829 30,804 2,465 740 12,072 5,314 888 10,750 0,080 20.771 5,564 23,739 20.208 19,930 2.008 I 500,001 12,711 021,982 28,853 15,622 829,718 878.294 1,079,161 815,571 496,207 649,043 394,882 30,495 208,105 1,270.919 14,427 021,723 474,015 57,308 1,172,851 867,498 504,902 295,205 20.754 1,395.092 511,508 373,339 19.723 13,558 37,579 18.309 002,9091 173,030 49,540 00.615 945,533 55.205 15,081 317.692 199,955 28,194 391,745 191,127 843,fi70 187,901 C62.087 052,282 681,200 30,854 29.40 21.29 30.39 60.87 21.28 29.85 32.27 38.94 22.90 35.88 25.14 27.88 26.10 31.25 42.73 24.24 40.58 29.63 32.64 40.10 31.89 20.44 30.42 20.37 42,44 29.40 24.83 30.43 27.33 31.05 36.39 32.72 32.03 23.33 23.54 .'iO.OO 22.30 20.37 28.80 37.02 31.75 36.44 31.13 28.3:i 33.77 27.89 30.33 34.10 Agriculture. 31 IV. GUAIX, OTIIKU THAN WHEAT AND COKN, AND OXIIEB FAKM PKODUCK. COUNTIES. Allegan... .. Antrim Barry . . Bay Berrien Branch Calhoun Cass Clinton Eaton Emmet Genesee Gr. Traverse Gratiot .. . Hillsdale . . . Huron Ingham Ionia Isabella Jackson Kalaniizoo Kent Lapeer Leelanaw . . . Lenawee . . . Livingston.. Macomb .... Manistee . . . Mason . . Mecosta .... Midland Monroe Montcalm . .. Muskegon . Newaygo Oakland Oceana Osceola Otta\va Haginaw Sanilac ..... Shiawassee.. 3 1. Clair St. Joseph . . . Tuscola Van Buren . . Washtenaw . Wayne . . . Other Go's Total, 1873 18G3 Gmin, otlior tlmii Whciit and Corn, litislieU. 264,485 17,819 2()0,0()3 23,875 217,012 245,222 417,081 152,130 449,423 428,393 9,635 655,127 44,707 197,731 290,335 118,077 372,438 444,830 00,479 374,854 177,000 503,433 402,122 41,928 410,440 438,521 608,284 •21,070 10,481 09,410 27,585 412,450 140.841 58,358 01,220 879,29 40,5«0 30,303 330,038 207,974 359,088 356,432 093,973 123,047 232,195 149,330 443,741 020,950 121,013 I'otlltOPS, 112,024 40,215 105,840 61,472 97,400 135,300 144.533 88,035 90,390 109.473 24,898 183,000 56.017 07,478 110,394 07,500 122,383 140,884 35,285 158,115 90.888 203,860 133,209 54,154 145,638 121,703 188.890 32,735 44.199 50,523 22,410 117.904 84.549 43,591 45,005 332,106 59,337 30,135 160,387 105,243 91,394 110,280 201,239 110,423 146,102 82,912 143,008 262,338 306,009 13,209,758 1 P,G1 8,863 14,058,271 Hn.v, Tons. 31,548 2,093 23,409 5,810 23,798 23,489 31,377 18,509 28,106 27,714 225 34,962 5,247 13,662 39,158 8,631 33,400 33,484! 4,819 82,207 22,870 43,552 23,860 3,436 70,380 34,738 27,965 1,919 2,145 6,038 3,401 31,337: 13,970 7,718 9,106 51,048 0,714 2,307 20,190 22,857 10,124 29,007 29,895 20.309 17,075 22,034 51,927 39,849 18,606 Wool, 114,040 365 173,570 1,041 98,000 191,048 486,355 131,018 175,909 104;393 120 300,090 1.355 46,029 308,799 14,235 237,109 299,816 7,388 568,497 283,911 251.072 184.557 1,077 472,521 435,171 202.178 528 40 4,073 872 119,277 52,096 9,438 9,952 595.180 2.811 1.830 56.901 25,512 37,447 180,277 103,450 101,190 49,982 127,879 797,892 141,000 2,042 1,134,077 7,729,011 843,347 7,260,934 Pork, Llie. JIuikc'U'J. 1,039,700 16,325 1,237,337 8,192 2,240,067 2,(il3,828 2,331,092 4,852,011 1,040,847 1,123,936 9,147 876,132 3,517 203,333 2,930,753 24,479 1,208,072 911,359 38,502 1,882,172 2,743,470 1,145,944 676,560 3,355 4,303,879 1.001,756 920,089 15,141 4,150 15,521 3,910 1,268,507 219,852 CiiceBc, 34,308 "4,93i 49,630 70,188 10,498 0,092 21,916 184,468 44,400 2,092.097 93,590 5,420 305,240 106,746 168,045 793,640 344,137 2.294,270 151,071 1,843,985 1,763,199 1,226,037 55,105 48,434,106 33,135,(i02 140,800 150 3,473 243,046 140 114,203 47,479 250 0,908 10,128 17,285 10,800 200 2,005,909 2,255 73,105 10 10 ioo 69,353 0,165 150 203,057 135 14,709 12,715 8,7(iO 34.380 128,351 555 24,235 117,092 80,990 258,035 186 4,101,012 1,580,945 liuttcr, I'uuiiiis. 1,101,970 41,309 880,9691 83,935 539,444 935,342 1,019,921 455,184 811,820 910,554 2,507 904,482 94,042 387,893 1,281,995 137.904 1,025,039 700.819 111,978 900,139 728,200 901,808 059,162 58,304 1,831,950 725.941 709.120 38.550 35,306 80,307 54,023 741,207 299.247 115;927 151,103 1,824.391 132.493 34,101 650,860 405,368 340,954 743,353 719,312 042,350 432,430 044,474 727,079 845,709 184,204 27,972,117 13,835,452 Cider, liarrelg. 2,465 4,253 7,920 9,403 li;309 7,886 3,529 4,743 8 4,333 7 CO 0,718 93 0,831 3,897 2 12,820 7,192 2,272 2,792 14,360 5.512 3,209 8,812 297 5 30 10,307 12 '289 135 35 3,507 1,158 9,306 30 5,583 13,332 4,887 182,347 04,810 32 Statistics of Miohioan. V. LIVK STOCK IN THE STATK IX 1874, AND TOTAL FOU 1804. COUNTIES. Allegan . . . . Barry . Bay Berrien Branch Calhoun (/ass Clinton Eaton Grenesec Gr. Traverse Gratiot Hillsdale.... Huron Ingham Ionia Isabella .... •Tack.^ion Kalamazoo... Kent Lapeer Lenawee Livingston. .. Macoml) Marquette .. _ ]Nrooosta Midland Monroe IMontoalm . . . 3Iu.>*kegon . Newaygo Oaklaiul Ottawa Saginaw Sanilac Shiawassee St, Clair St. Joseph . . . . Tuscola Van Buron Washtenaw Wayne ." Other counties Total, 1874. 18G4.. Iforso» Ono Your 01(1 ami Ovor. 7,190 0,817 1.415 7,820, 0,8i»0| 10,004 0.r)47 0,7!)!) 7,050 8.201 58;} 2.72!) !).578 1,300 7,018 7,753 0!);{ 12.247 !),411 10.8!)l 0.7201 12.5481 7.730, 8.7S8. 1.558! !)47l 058^ 8.201 I 3.214' 1.802: 1,03!) i 14,130 4.0!)1 4.5!)5 3.321 5.985 7.853 1 7.7301 3,1 !)4 7.1751 10.!)08 13.!)30 8,038 281,394 179,101 Hiilofl. 1.35 130 13 141 94 134 101 103 78 73 20 !)0 153 59 01 71 28 187 88 124 (J3 179 79 37 119 28 ;ti 124 79 07 35 14!)| 0( 52 24 83 55 104 33 98] 103 132 277 3,900 1,115 Work 0.\oii. 1,739 1,132 338 374 318 440 102 1,915 1,278 1,233 443 ],3(i5 377 1,382 1 939 1,754 053 380 278 1,009 1.210 3(i0 027 240 141 733 301 242 1.23S 14(i 707 333 1.17! !)49 1 .()()() 1.407 1.083 103 1.890 778 100 257 4,071 Milrh COWB. 38,901 00,043 9,009 7.309 1,443 7,822 10.504 10,804 0.144 9.150 10.272 10,227 1.171 4.025 11.583 2,573 8,()97| 8.912 1.331 10.428 8.200 11,587 7.44(i 17.187 7.438 9.954 572 1.223 080 9.580 3.500 l.!)40l 1.490 14.397 7.878 0.070 4.!)79 8,419 11,03!) 7,078 5.301 7.50(> 11.044 13.857 9,!)39 321,732 225,188 OiiH Yciir 01(1 luul Over.* 9,470 9,(i33 879 0,771 11,140 9,490 0,301 11,405 10,335 10,427 1.205 5.539 !),732 2,719 8,930 9.414 1.314 !).577 7.073 1 10,!)55 8.018 14.4(il 9.230 7,941 59 1.127 700 !).917 3.128 1.50 1.800 11,02() 7.404 0,827 0.030 9.()!)4 10.957 0,027 5.50!) I 0,031 11,084 8,114 7,208 307,554 210,785 .Swine Ovpr Six Months 01(1. 10,000 12,349 779 10,248 1(!,032 22,712 22,093 10,705 10,979 9,210 075 5,093 10,924 2,(i34 11,588 10,584 1.453 14.754 10.740 13.200 7.281 18.812 !).301 !).295 219 !)45 453 10.555 3,995 1.875 1.733 13.(i98 0.31() 5.197 4.138 8.1 .32 1 8.843 1 10.847 4.208 12,!)35 12,330 9,742 8,205 * Other than work o.xon and milch oous. 401,719 335,288 Sliocj) Over Six Montli, OIJ. 31,192 41,289 292 25.505 40.004 81,405 30,974 43,004 4.3,090 00,219 422 12,359 59,119 4,051 54,545 07.001 2,352 112.974 55,534 00.571 38.815 !»0.919 !)0.225 57,211 1,300 270 32.048 13.544 2,700 3.051 120,370 10,450 0,470 !).492 43.403 20,8!)4 32.083 12,2221 31.128 143,102 31,910 2,802 1,051,903 2,053,350 No. of 8ho(>p Slii'nrud in 1S73. 27,508 44,955 234 24,092 41,804 !)0,849 29.719 42,312 4.3,034 05,502 284 11,582 0;t,'^90 3,240 4!),348 71,546 1,804 118,547 0.3,854 57,195 38,003 !)9,259 90,4«0 55,879 """V,67!) 210 30,100 13.959 2,048 2,040 128,1!)3 14,290 0,441 8,710 41,580 24,343 35,217 10,050 29,307 150,934 31,843 2,241 1,070,176 The by coun STA1 ANI COUNT Statk . . Allegan . Barry . . . Berrien . Branch . . Calhoun . Cass <''linton.. Eaton . . . Genesee . Gr. Trave Gratiot.. Hillsdale . Ingham . . Ionia •rackson.. Kalamazoi Kent Lapeer . . . Lenawee. . * Tlii.s col reaches COUNTII Allegiin Barry Berrien Branch Calhoun .'. . Cass . . Clinton...! Eaton Genesee ... Gr. Traverse Gratiot... Hillsdale... I nghain Ionia •Tackson Kalamazoo . Kent Lapeer Lenawee .. . T-ivlng8ton . Agriculture. 33 KRUIT, GRAPE, AND WINE PRODUCT . 'r .::, r r rs.:r:7 r s,:.~rs r -ess ^rm of Orchards, and Bushels of Apples liaised. State Allegan Barry Borrleii .... Branch Calhoun . . Cass v.; <'llnton Eaton Cenesee Or. Traversed Cratlot . Hillsdalo Infthani Ionia •rack.son Kalamazoo Kent Lajjnor Lcnaweo 237,098 7,243,140 5,928,275 7,()9r 5,743 14,001 7,727 8.071 0,207 C,f)04 0,934 7,033 1,133 2.419 9,180 0,419 7,040 9.430 7,040 9,972 4.750 10,508 09,293 152,481 200,810 303,839 322,713 143,233 180,390 232,925 270,571 3,241 24,407 307.212 253,703 230.404 334,110 2(K),(i20 282.780 220.887 400,044 99,247 105,030 370,225, 302.040 325,427 178,0031 105,205 137,779 140,008 4,952 15,181 350,245 182,301 129,355 392,204 171,030 11 5,850 i 113.040; 432,129! COUNTIES. I'ivingston Macomb Mason ] Monroo Montcalm 3fuskegon N(>\vaygo Oakland . Ocoana Ottawa Haginaw .^ Hanilao Shiawassee St. Clair...;;; St. Joseph Tuscola -...;; Van IJuren..;; "Washtenaw Wayne Other counties Arplon, Bushelo. 1873. 200,544 134,897 3,073 270,440 24,431 9,519 9,024 357,878 12,012 39.494 21,001 18,024 114,811 77,047 180,485 21,917 102,705 333,819 221,770 17,081 ^^^-^ches^^ ,r Vineyards-arapes, Wine, and Dried Fruits Produced. COl'STIES. Allegan Barry Herrien Hranch <'alhoun .' Cass . Clinton...;;; Eaton Cenesee Cr. Traverse.. Gratiot .. Hillsdale I nghani Ionia •Tackson Kalamazoo . . . Kent Lapeer Lenawee , . Livingston .„ IVai'licH Itniacd, III], 1S72. 32,737 3,042 140,450 3,441 4,953 7,031 I'carlics VincviinlH, Riiiw'. <1 1, Lis. 1872, 1,005 293 3,501 813 433 538 '225" 130 150 41 290 453 381 211 3,657 474 118 204 •lii'i'd, l.lig. 1873. 1,731 297 5,4as 807 0(i5 494 '"140' 408 212 03 394 484 437 246 3,314 791 1.34 3U5 Winn I'ro. ])h Van Biiion Waslitenaw . . . Wayne Other counties. ronclios Uuisi'il, Uii., im. 215 l,2(j;{ ](i4 1,7G4 11,G70 4,r)!)!V G2,92!) 3,022 1,155 IVnrliPB liaiHcil, lln,, ;io Total, State.. 318,554 2(10 287 375 701 12(V 0,072 88 VlhcyarilH, Aires niiil lOOlliB, 1874, Oiiii H I'lo. Grnpps Pro. (III. .il Lbs,, ilui'i'il, LL»., lH7i 1878. 382 22,0G9 5.31 1(10 158.4!) 1,U8'J 58.75 1,2S(J 1!).25 250 7.60 110 11G.04 2,721 ----- 235" 42 (i!)0 7.25 3()7 40.75 841 21.88 1,025 1,029.04 23,235 123 2,20!) 1,002 300 lOH 3,773 2i6' 881 530 7(iO 1,807 \Vln«i I'm llllCl'll, Cilll., 1.S73. 29,001 500 34,300 480 1,410 "18 0,028 100 120 1,500 50,851 I'rlid Fruit Miukotcd, Ivl-N., 1873. 28,098 45,537 04,774 1,49^? 4,581 28,014 00,888 80,402 140,044 20,201 10,002 2,004,709 AGGUEGATES AT WEFEISENT PERIODS. A Study Of the foregoing tables will show iu what counties the various articles are produced or the most largely prodn.vd; but the more concise suunnary of the Wheat— acres harvested pnu-eding vear Wheat— bushels raised jirecediiig year Wheat— average inunber bushels'per acre Corn— acres harvested preceding year Corn— bushels raised preccding'year Corn— average number of busliels per acre' Grain— (other than wheat and corn) bush- els raised preceding vcar Potatoes— bushels raisc'd preceding year " Hay— tons cut i)receding year Wool— pounds sheared preceding year Pork- pounds nuirketed precediii"- year Cheese— pounds made i)recediiig year..] Butter— pounds made preceding year Fruit- pounds dried for market nreeedinir year '' Cider — barrels made preceding year Wine— gallons made preceding vear Iruit and Vegetables— cans (2 'lb) cainied for market preceding year. Maple Sugar— pounds made present vear"' Horses, one year old and over, immber of Mules, number of Work Oxen, number of . . . ! Milch Cows, number of '_'_'_ Neat Cattle, one year old and over (other than oxen and cows), number of Swiue over six months old, number of Sheep over six months old, immbor of Sheep sheared the preceding year CoUSUH of 1S71. 1.134,484 15,450,202 13.02 041,320 20,702.01 1 32.42 13,209,758 5,018,803 1,134,077 7.729,011 48.434,100 4,101,912 27,072,117 2,004,: 00 182,347 50,851 1,003,803 4,310,793 281,304 3.900 38,001 321,732! ■ I 307,554 401,719 1,051,800 1,670,170 C'cnsiirt of 1S70. 10,205,772 i 4^374,038 10.112,483 10,2;!] .033 1.285..')3( 8,804,80() i. '700.420 24,300.139 CCIIHIIB of 18UI, 22,01.') 1.780,041 220,247 2,302 30,482 251,270 285.449 404,701 1,984,904 843,881 0,088,027 11.48 427,520 11.007,203 25.74 4.195,244 4.().->S.271 8.i;i.340 7.200,0:!4 33.135,(;02 1.580.045 13,835,45-> 04.810 5,550 4,048.000 170,101 1,115 00,(i43 225,188 210,785 3.35,288 2,053,350 (.'oriwiiB of 1S5J. 173,451 7,128.U)4 15.05 327,042 7.035,473 23.30 2.290,541 2.942,520 400,351 2,(i80,747 11,274,571 770,630 7,020,552 1,042,250 01,713 100 07,057 130,209 141,310 239.901 004,331 As tr and Stat obtaiuin above re the Stat rcliabilil census r( the grea approxin From 1874, the There els. Thi average j total yie cent, mor census of There average o vested in more thai In 1804 heading, only tiie wheat and classed in was incliul iu 1874 is buckwheat The yif 4.012,170 bi The ha; cent, of th( for 1870. In 1873 per cent. c( pounds. I AURIOULTUEE. 35 IJELrABILlTY OF THE .STATISTICS. nmi sutlstloi f(,i- 1874, coininonts at consldciublo ]ci.-(h upon tl-e difflciiltv nf obtaining am.ntto information lu rogard to minor l^rodnitn b„t «"'?. "^ ' above ron.arlcs are in „o way applicable to the Htati^tlJs of tin staple pioducts of const" ^;,. o?*;;-""' " '' "" r*''''^''" ''^ •''"'""'^^"- ^» ^»- U,.ited1 vtes census repoit ol lh,0, expresses a ^iuillar opinion, and hence it is bellevrwl t\,Tf :;si",:"S™;."-« «"— """■"-. "-: .-. «o,-:J",.:;':':;;:^'^.';;i; COMPAKATIVE ACIGREOATES OF PRODUCTION. i8,r,x "i;Tj«''rx'n- "" """ "■""""" "■ "- ^'"» ""'- "'»" »' WJIKAT. els. ihis IS 34.4J per eent. greater breadth than Mas harvested in ISOa The average per acre was L1G2 bushels. The average In 1803 was 11.48 bushe it 'rhe total yield was 839,570 bushels less than in ISGlC and 5,707,575 bushels, or ,0 52 per COKN. avertTorfJVr f'?'/ '"''''^' '' '"'•" ''•■''•^^•^^'■^' '" ^«^^' ^'•"'" ^"'•''''^^ '-^-e^, an vnOnfV /, '^' ^'"' '''''• '^'"''^ '^ «'^'«'2'^ l^>>^h«l« >"ore than was u.r- more than was harvested in 1803. The average per acre in 1803 was 25.74 busheL. AM, OJIIICU OUAIN. he.ui!,wfS'^"*''H'^"' ^'•'''•''^y' '^"^''^^^J'"'^'. =i>Hl ".met were included under the abovo ho.uhng. Lor the census of 1874 the strict letter of the law was followed Z only the munber of bushels of "all other grain raised" (i. a. all " a n etent (i.issul ui lible 1 for 18<0, and it is not probable that n.udi if any other -rain b:o;^;i;:t"^;o;;:d^nl^.'"" "■"• ■""" ^"^"' ^"^ ^-^^^ -^ -^^' >->-^' ^-•^^■^-^ -' I'OTATOl'.S. The yield of potatoes was 1,500,502 bushels "-reater in IS?-? ti,.„i ,-,. i«e-j i 4.012,170 bushels, or 82.08 per cent. U.s than wasCporLI in 1870 ' ""' IIAV. The iuty crop of 1873 exceeded the crop of 18G3 by 290,731 tons, or 34.47 per unt.^of the fonner crop; and was 151,459 tons, or 13.35 per cent, less Umn reporled WOOL AND SHEEP. oe/?.enfL"'° *'*'f ";?.°^ Clip Of Michigan was 7,729,011 pounds, an increase of 6.44 I>ouruls. I« the intro.Iuctory remarks to the statistics of 1S04 the average per if ifii 36 Statistics of Michigan. head in 1849 is s ated at 2 pounds 11 4-5 ounces; in 1853, 2 pounds 12^ ouiices; in 1859 2 pounds 121;, ounces, and in 18G3, 3 pounds 8>^ ounces. If the whole number of sheep reported in 1870 were the number sheared in that year, the average yield per head was 4.40 pounds. The average yield per head for six years, sfated in fs^eXa^r i8?rS; ilil 4T'' '^ " ''"""= ''''' '•''' ''''' '•''' ''''^ ''''^ The total clip in the State in 1870 amounted to 8,864,896 pounds. The number of sheep sheared in 1873 was 1,676,176; the whole number of sheep reported in 18/0 was 1,984,904, or 308,788 more than the number sheared in 1873. The munbcr sheared in 1873 has been estimated by the Secretary of State for 47 townships cities, and wards, from which the reports showed the amount of wool but not the' number of sheep sheared. The basis upon which the estimate was made for any locality was the average yield per sheep in the townships of the same county from which full reports were received. ' rORK MARKETED. _ There were 15,298,504 pounds of porlc marketed in 1873 more than in 1863-an increase of 46.16 per cent. BUTTER AND CHEESE. The number of pounds of butter made in 1873 exceeded the number of pounds reported in 1870 by 3,071,978, or 15.11 per cent, of the production of 1870, an exceeded the production of 1803 by 14,136,665 pounds, or 102.17 per cent Tlie production of cheese in 1873 was 4,101,912 i^ounds, or 133 per cent, greater than ;rt'i8n''''rS"' '''''^''' ^*'""^^'' •'^- '''^' ^^-- -"^- «-^t- th^fu,: pUS: tion in 1863. The common practice among dairymen 0" sending their milk to the cheese foctory for manufacture, renders it not improbable, undei- the present sys- ir//. f ";^ "^"^ '-•'^'T' "''-^t «o^"« «f the cheese may have been reported twice, once at the factory and once by the dairyman. CIDER AND WINE. There were 182,347 b.arrels of cider made in 1873-117,531 barrels, or 181.33 per 0^1877''.' "" •'"' '"'-'""f^'r'^ "' ''"'• ''''^'' ''''' "«* '•«P«»'f'^^' Jn the census of 18.0. Ihe wine product of 1863 was reported at 5,556 gallons, for 1873, 50,851 gallons, an increase of 45,295 gallons, or more than 8.15 per cent. The q lan ity reported in 1870 was 22,015 gallons. According to the present census ther" w re four wine making establishments in the State in 1873-one in Bertrand, Berrien Paw Van Buren county. The statistics do not show the quantity manufactured at these establishments, but the aggregate amount reported fro.n the townsh'ps city and ward where they are located is 42,350 g.allons, of which 31,500 galions' were reported from the third ward, Monroe City. MAPLE SUGAR. The maple sugar made in 1874 was reported at 4,319,793 pounds, in 1870, 1,786- *41 pounds, and in 1864, 4,048,099 pounds. In 1860 the numbJr of pounds repo ed manufactured was 3,973,780. The product of 1874 exceeded that of 1870 by 2 833 152 pounds, or 141.78 per cent., and that of 1864 by 271,694, or 6.71 per cent. ' ' LIVE STOCK. ^^^^LT""^ ^^^'^^^ ^''"^' ^" Michigan in 1874-an Increase of 53,147 over 1870 and 102,293 over 1864. Tiie .umber of mules was 3,906-1,544 more' than in IsJo, and 2,791 more than in 1864. The number of milch cows was 321,732-70,456 more it (( u Agriculture. ^t^ than in 1870, and 90,544 more thun in ih«4 mu than oxen and cows one year o a n.l ovt It ToTm f T ""^^ ^''^^^^ compared with 1870, and 9(^769 compared with 804 ^^^il"'""" ^"«f« ^^ 22,105 8lx months old was 401 719 ThisTooso T A • '^ number of swine over in 1804. The nnmber of work oxin f '^/^^^V'"'" "' ''^*^' ""^ ^^'^^ "^^^o than than m 1870, and 2]!742 1esthanTn 1864 T. ' '^ '''t "" =^«'»01-2419 more old was l,C51,899-a decrease of 3s5n.T f'"!^'' ""^ '^^^'P ^^•''- «^^ "^^^ths with 1804. ^^^'°^" compared with 1870, and 401,457 compared FRUIT AND GARDEN VEGETABLES. ' lishfd^mt tteltfte'lr SeriL"^^ ''''''"''''' ^^^" ^^^^^^ ^'^ ^"^ both of the unmount of land devo-dtf., ""T"''- ^"^''^ '''''^' ''' ^^^ S^ate, tables, and of th fru t p oducls o' 1872 a'nd' !«-?'"" "' ''"'' ""^ ^'''''^ ^S^- 1874, are presented in thJ f^lSn^ stateme^s ' " "'"^^' "' "'"^ '^^"^"^ «^ Za«c? Devoted to the Production of Fruit and Garden Vegetables. Orchards-apple, peach, pear, plum, and cherrv '*'"'"■ Vineyards '^ », aim cnerry 237,098.00 Raspberry bushes ! 1,029.64 Strawberry vines 947.52 Currant and gooseberry biisheV 1,648.32 -Melons and garden vegetables 387.37 8,421.00 quantity and Value of Fruit and Garden Vegetables Baised in 1872 and 1873. Apples-number of bushels „ ^^^^" ^^"• Peaches— number of bushels 7,243,146 5,028,275 Fears— number of bushels 318,554 22,069 Plums— number of bushels 33,932 40,857 Cherries- number of bushels -- *^'301 3,607 Crapes— number of cwt 60,958 66,746 ^Hrawberries- number of bushels 23,235 29,601 vau,c Of .„, .„e„ f„„f .,„, ,.Mcrv''.'i'e?S".*;;;:::;;;;;; «,g?|J« „|i»;S VALUE OF STAPLE FARM PRODUCTS. the flrst «„a S'ntt S™ of ,h/,l T ""' '"" ""■=" ■°'>""« '»' '=»™. »» liftcoMlh days the 1». two ,wt . "" "r""" "" ■""»""=»• ■>» ""> «"« «1 the entire twelve moutta for bZlnn"/"' "I "" ""■" »""' »"''•""■ "»J" <>' ^.ee„.,. .ay, of aT.^ LS:r,rarer,;Sf» tTol'^*""' '"» *" '"O Value of wheat raised in 1873 corn raised in 1873 «23,410,140 " potatoes raised in 1873 10,500,420 pork marketed in 1873 4,(582,385 butter made in 1873 2,654,898 cheese made in 1873 6,713,308 ^^ wool sheared in 1873 591,358 fruit andgardenvegetables-raiVedinl-873,-as.hownby-census:: l^fi 38 Statistics of MiciiirMN. CHEESE AND BUTTER FACTORIES. The number of cheese and butter factories, and their nrodnrt u nr«,,n i sented with the products of agriculture Thev a e tw "' ' , ^ ^ ^ ""'P'"- census report, 1874, page 351- ^ '"^ "'"' ^*''" ^^ counties-see STATK AN!) COUNTIES. State Branch Clinton Eaton Genesee ... Hillsdale . . . . Ingham . . . . AViioi.E Nlmdeii. 36 1 1 3 4 2 2 Capital In- veated. §90,900 2,000 3,000 7,300 4,900 10,100 2,200 Viiluo of Producta.* COUNTIKS. $328,022 Len.iwec. . IMonroe . 3,862 Oakland . . . 2,371 Tuscola 17,000 "Van Buren. 13,669 Washtenaw . 20,653 Wayne 1,875 Wnnt.E Nimueh. Capital III. VONtcd. 10 2 1^24,000 2,700 2 1 11,400 3,000 1 1,000 2 5 4,000 15,200 Valiio of ri'oducta.* $162,137 6,000 33,610 2,000 6,100 10,000 48,745 Of course distinct from tho much larger product of priv.ito .lairica STATE AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY, •27,964.66, with a balance in the treasury of $5,338.36. ^ NUMBER OF ENTRIES AND PREMIUMS AWARDED is a clajsifled statement of the number ( amount of premiums oflered and awarded, for the year 1875: !!!'. ^I^!^? '' a cla.sifled statement of the number of entries, and of the CLASSIFICATION. Cattle Horses Sheep and swine Poultry Farm products Farm implements Vehicles Machinery Manufactures ...[["]][[ Musical instruments and sew- ing m.achines Painting, needle work .and art generally Miscellaneous Entri rKEMUIMS OFFKnED. Miiiiry. 164 $2,741 J 84 2,674 204 953 100 332 691 Si)0 227 725 42 185 77 138 582 a Totals Speed department . 10 752 61 2,656 1,052 50 122 6 17 92 11 39 38 Medal. rilFMUMS AWAHDED. ?Ioiioj-. $10,216 50 5,045 $15,261 50 71 27 1 11 32 16 $1,795 2,028 810 107 648 650 103 Sledal. 223 12 24 9 6 16 308 65 015 50 70 $7,058 50 4,785 $11,843 50 1 13 8 90 26 From tl oflerei That tli Sho' The pre The awi Sho\ Next reported follow ar It will b forth thai is one of engaged Aware of tries of tl letters wc for inforn that no d timber .^h the facts i For tho the State, Lumberm.-i For tho borders, th< Among (he the pre-oni find the '-N of warmer '. Tho whil from Michl; of the ash highly valu agricultural mental llnis] the list of V Lumber and Timber. "^mrS^^S::^ l^ ''''' '^" -- *hat the total of ordinary premiums mat tho amount awarded was"!."'!''. Tho'i^iilif.,^"^;;^^'^';!;!^ '^'^'^ over awards!!' The awards amounted to ^ . ' *''^'''"'' amounted to Showlnle. forth than those of the harder woods for Jho^. W! ''' "'°''*^ BPeciflcally set is one of great .nagnitude, i nc^^t co-oner. iT" , '* "'• ^^'"° '""^^^^^ "^^•^•"•'^^t engaged in it, through wh oh s atfctlc.l nfo .^ V °'"^'"'" ""'''''' "'"""^ "^ose Aware of the great Inn^ortance 1^,4^1 o^oth 7- '1 ^'}''''''' "'"^ l"-'^^'^'-^<'«l tries of the State, and of the diffl,,^ Iv^f ' ^'''"" ''^ *''"^<^'-' ^^ the Indus- letters were addreVsed to tt ;^m;"^^^^^ ^•elatlvo to them, for information in reird to t 2 ^'^"^''•'^tl-i? the timber regions, asking that no distinction is Co Lr' fen '"'"'• "''''' *"*''" P'"^' «'^1^1'<^« «ho| timber Shipped, and hen tll^;t ^atioT^Jrf" *° ,''," ^'""^ ''^ ^""^^ «^ the ..ts accessible on this -.^oct r '^^^J^st gL^^l^l^Ll:^^-"' '' *^^' TIMBER AREAS OF THE STATE the'^Llerthe^n^irr^.;;'^::;:^^- r^r^^ ^"•"^- -^^ timber interests ot Lun.berm,-xn's Gazette, of Bay City: ' *" ""'''■ ""■ ^^- "^^chkiss, of tho VAUIETIKS OP PINE TIJIREH. bord::s:th;sS: TuS:-::::z:'JIi:t^ ^^ ^^^'"^^ «^ *^-^- -'".i„ i.^ Among these varieties we C n e lo "f ^^^^^^ ""'"" "'' .Msterhood of States, the pre-eminent position, lotlf .^s o xten i ^'T " ^"''"'■' '"''''''^ '^^ ''^'-S find the '-Norway" pine a varietv.nLn '^ '■"^"'"' '"'^*^'^ ''^'"""^ ^^-'"^'h we of warn.or latitudes^pLr^^jj/j^^"'^'^^'""" ^'"^'•^ '"^'-^''^^ ^o the "Southern pine" «AK AXI> OTHER HARD WOODS. The white oak resources of thr. t;rnf« , .n Michigan taking tl^lSl^: ^^ ^r^.ll'r^^ J!! '"^'^^ -^-^^^. the timber n-om Michigan l^ld;;^ l^V^,^ . nk i h;'""" ^^^ "''^^ ^'^^'^ - "- of the ash fa,nily, both w Ue a. 1 bad ^e ^'"7-"'' '''''''- ''''' °^<'>"bers highly valued, the' former en rf ^ H.elV .to t." '" ^T ^'°'"^'"'' '''^' «^« agrlcult,„-al implements, the latte i^unrTiv .o- n ?• "''-^""^'^^ture of wagons, and n^cntal finishing timber whici^ s ra kflv rll-t^ '' .'"'''''• ""'^ "" ^-^ticlo of orna- the list of vahmble fancy woods I vln,! "f *''""'^' * Prominent place la oj woods. In years gone by black walnut and cheiy have 40 Statistics of Michigan. In .ome BeetlonH of tho State entcrtul largely Into the llHt of n.unufacturoH for export, l.«t no consUIorabl,, ho,li... of thorn varlotlo. „ro „ow to be found. BoTh hard am sot n.aplo arc still fo.nul In groat abundance, but have not an ye entered largely into the manufacture or export Htatl«tlo« of the State. In ad^- TIMIIKU l>ISri£ICT3 OF TUK STATK. tho^r''''T*'''^-"V;'\""'''""'''^"''*'''^"'" ""^y ^« '"^'<''"' l''t« three sections, within he boun.ls o. which two snb.llvl.ion.s nuiy be n.a.le to distinguish her va le timber resources: v.imlu DoLu rjjiz:,:™':,^.;," '"■"'• """"« "■" "•»'" "^°"' °" '"» ""» °f "- III. The Upper Tenlnsula us a whole. These subdivided, we will consider as representing the two varieties of timber -"hard" and "soft." The territory lying south of the llrst named lino (a I majority of t utt north of the second, Including the Upper Peninsula), may be cJ down as hard wood lands, upon which the different varieties of oal^^ as ^ mlpTe b ack walnut, cherry, hen.lock, and other varieties, as distinct and se^ara e ftom pine do now, or have In the past, abounded. The souther.i portion of the State received the earliest attention of the pioneers who first enUgrated to Michigm. and by the necessities of settlement and pnltlvation, the valuable timber of the' section has been greatly reduced as an article of commerce. Of this, however t r'n intellt f f "''^ "n "'"' '^""^ *" ^^P"^^*'""' '"'"^ conse^u'ent Tel.'u of .in intelligent people, the manufacture of the thousand and one of the smaller art des of daily consumption and use. In agricultural Implements, ft.rnlture e s leading to the conservation of the remaining timber, which is yet to prove a source of no inconsiderable wealth to the State. Between the first and second lines is embraced the chief wealth of Michigan, as ,nn , f ^' '"■' f '•-^t'^f ^'^ "»^1 valuable tracts of pine timber to be found. The T^nTo'L f ""''^^'•/"-l timber, by careful computation, has beeu ascer- tained to u ye been in lumber, shingles, and lath, during the year 1875, no less han three Mkon, Uco hun,Jrea and tkirty-eujht mlUon, nine kunarel and sMylfJe thol sand feet board measure. The amount of timber manufactured and shipped prin- cipally beyond the bounds of the State during the year named, fell sE of"^ t^ e product of severax previous years by at least 800,000,000 feet. These figures start- tMb y\''-''''r:: ^^•!" g've a faint idea of the immense industries^nd 'yearly wealth accruing to the State, from this source alone; but when we consider that X; ' fi fC^^r'T' Tr'''''^ ^'•^ P'-^^"* ^'^'^ «^ consumption can be mlin- tained for from twelve to twenty years to come (authorities diflering on this point), and we find that at the shorter period Michig.in has still within hfr borde thu^-n.,^ Mlions of feet of pine timber to be utilised in building up the citS within her own borders, and those of her sister States, some slight comprehei^ion may be derived of the wealth of her timber resources. EmLced witTr he district under consideration, are the more extended and valuable of her resources f anv s borl f ;^^ T^' '^^ "^"'"^'' aggregate value of which can fall but little u any short of the value of pine. is a^eo.!nfrv '^' '' r "'^ •'"" "'^"*'«"'^''' ^'^ extending to the straits of Mackinaw, ve adm xf.,;?, nf ? '" T^^'' '^'''^' ''•^^' °'^''^' '"^"'^ •^^'"' ^^'^t^ occasional exten- sive admixtures of pine. Here are to be found some of the choicest ornamental IvUMBEK AND TlMBKIl. il J. great THE LUMBEIi PJtODU( T • The S„gi..aw Valley ^^ if JS ''' J™"'"'" "»•'''■• t»"ee ...hilv Ins- I • The Shore, oxten.lf,,. 7.'^ / s. ' ^"^' r"^''""^' and Bay counties * no.. ., to a,HM ,.,„,^, CV J;;!;','^''^''"-- '-^ver alon, the east s.Ue o^ the State "I. iiH^ iCuilroiKK Of llic t '^"" *■'""■■■"'■ VAI,LKV. .ho 'orrL;;''4C:,^»',',';^;^' ;» "a;.!: "'" '."''^ "'O.-o »„« b,„ 01 ,„,p, ,„ „,, Miiliiv ,sa\v,«, Xo. ,g74 tarciilar saws, No., . <;aii^ saws, JSTo.. • iipual invested f'apaeity, feet l-miiber niaiiiifactured " <>ii hand unsold, Dee. ai" On dock sold. Dee 31 ' " ''f>f?s in boom. M(Hi employed I'irkets cut f>ath cut ..;;;; I'.'ith on hand, Doe.ai, .".;; 41 1(»0 (i7 «4,80f),(HK) 80"),r)0(),00() •'■'74.(;;(2,77i 100.01 7,(iG.f f'2,.'}!)r),20() .'{,82-) *>'()4,()()() 8,oi7,;jr)0 ].S7S. 38 91 G7 «r),033,000 «4r).(-)0o,oon •'>n, 401 .001 3!Hi,<;(m,r)3o 2r),r.9r),578 "l,84r),800 3,083 r)7I,]41 73,20!),2r,5 11,075,050 '"'<> i" l«^riU(ioo'S',;"''''' ;" ,"'" «"^i'"^^v river in 1873 was 130(518 550 -V; I^ay and Midland eonnu' s'at I T^::^!^!''''' ^'""^'^ ^^ ^--' "" S;;^^ Il'e oak timber trade has -row to ''""'"" "^ l'^""!- ;vas first turned in this dire/:; o ,! ('^ n" "' -"•■'*'^* '"'Portanee. Atte, tion "raneh of business), about m,^Vk!^ ',:^'ll^!Z '''''''''''' C""" "'onopoli/e hi" out on tho streims on,v. • • '"^ J^'" '''••^OOO enbi.. feet of fimi .uf«.ims eniptyina- into the Sa-in'uv Ti ,• ,V ^ ""''<''• ^vas -otten n """"• ^''^'*"»o"i"^' year new firms G 42 Statistics of Mich kj an. coiniiKMitiMl oppifttloii*, niul in 1873 ovnr 3,000,000 <>iililc fc.t, w.to xIiIpimmI from t\ui Sjij^liiiiw river. .Sliu'c th.-ii ih<- >lii|*iii<-iilH hiivc iailrn oO", owiug to u dppri'HKion III tlK' iiiiiikcl itiiil a limited ilimiikiiil. J,u.Mt year tlio imiiiifft wiw dull. The prospcits tlic incscnt wliit.-r mi' miult l)iiKlit<'r, pritrx liuvirij? mlvaiu-cd Aiily $100 por thonsaml ciil.lc loot, or from 0;J20 to »420 iit giiclH-i-. llii> priiuipal iilarivnt. Tho hulli of lilt' timl)(>r cut licre jfoch to (iuclioc, ami from tiami'o to Kuropo, Toniiwumla, also, taliiiig quito au amoum. It Is usoil principally for sliip-huildiiiff! The Htavo trade of the Valley UHHumcd it*; ^rreiiteMt Importaiico in 1873, wlicii nearly ten million i>iece9 Mere shippeetn.ll u,..J Hay city rnilu-liy i;«2,0|.|.212 ")7,:{ri(),(KK» a«,n;j«,ooo l«4,(Jfi5,000 •20,587,000 17.;(()(),000 4»,760,OCO or 1,..,,, „.„ „r ,.„™, »„*„, u.lLl^'^TLr'.Z'L'']' "",""'• »'■"' " "" K, "- ui noofa, » of poHtH, and 12 cf bark. Oenosee county TuHcola " it Huron Hani lac St. (JJalr T.apeor " Detroit Onind Jiapids. Manistee "..uerons n.yisions, and is f,Mven ...s a Knstcni Mid MiiHkcjfoii . WhiK^ Lako MiiniHtoo l.iiiliiiL' U. lllllL'Idll.. It- 'i lllll. 'it-it. '.'.:.'. I,l74,r.,54,7H44,'.'I2 H0,8(i(),0i)3 riT 1,000, (HK) •JH, 100,000 '-•(Mioo.mH) 14S,.-)0(t,000 4, 1 l.'i.lNM) 200,400,000 (irniKl I{ii))|i)8 ,7SO 77,5'.>,'),(K)0 117,,'j0(),000 aw.ooo.ooo 1!',000,000 4."i, 122,000 101,4S,'i,000 ;«', I4S,000 2(!,(H)0,000 175,000,000 1,383,870,000 t«,- .„;:, ;;:;;i;:",',.;;L:':i. ■uir.s.l'S;:,;;:;';:-**-";"?. ^™'- ".^^iiii^^r;;;:^. »t.,tc ,l„„„g „„. youi- ]«;,-, will ai,pr,.M,i,i,(„ 9.10,000.000 llie lumber statistics of the ITn,,,.,. i. • , _ ' ""' I Pl'ei- reinnsnla are me.-igre. M^.foJ'ii^r''*'''^'"'"- In tho geologi- 44 Statistics of Michigan. cal report of 1873 page GO, a list of seventeen saw mills is given, all b„t three of which were lu Marquette connty. These mills are reported to have procllcl IL; . ' T'' !", ', *° "'" -'""''""* °^ 13,500,000 feet, besides shingles, lath, and 8ome hard wood lumber. As this was mostly used for local consumption (.'d presumably the product for subsequent years), the lumber product of t lat sect on channel " ^"' "" "''''"*'' "'''' '''' ""'^"^ "^^° "^ ^'•«'» ^'-innug SQUARE TIMBER AND STAVES. The following schedule of the shipments of timber and staves for the past three MeHcW^F !"''f T^^^*''•• ""■ ^'' ^'^'^^^' ^°""^^*-^ -'t'^ the shipping' Jlse of 1; ?; yi7 * l^s«e'«tyn, of Detroit. It is intended to include he total ship- men s f-om the State, as nearly as can be .ascertained, without reference to he localities from whence shipped. It should be considered in connection with figures SE.VSON OF 1373. I'lXP A"^'.*^ ^'"'^. ^1"^'''^ '^'I'te o.ak timber. l,^uu ,M. Quebec pipe staves... 3,400 white oak AVest India staves 300,000 cubic feet square rock elm 800,000 cubic feet square white pine timber Destination. Quebec . Price. Value of total shipments to Quebec. ^?M'n^^ *^"^'.*= ^*^^^ ^*1"''^'"G ^^'''ite o.ak timber . o ii^^Vr^".^'"^ ^^^^ squa/e white pine timber 8,500 M. American pipe, hhd. and barrel staves' Total value at place of shipment SEASON OF mt. ^43^^ ?^^^\^ ^'^^^ ■^'^1"'""« ^^''ite oak timber 1,100 M. Quebec pipe staves o^ *r- "^^'I'te o;ik West India staves .150,000 cubic feet rock elm timber 700,000 cubic feet square white pino timber""" Tonawaiula. u Buffalo 25 150 00 45 00 15 15 25 121^ Value. $550,000 00 180,000 00 153,000 00 45,000 00 120,000 00 80 00 Quebec . Value of totiil shipments to Quebec. onn'^^ *^"P."" ^''"*^ '"I"'"''' ^^'"t" '"^" ^en and one-half million CEXSUS UETURKS OF THE LUMBER PRODUCT. ». i>'ri::r:!s„;.r:?:^r:- *°"- '"» "«""« »"-^"'". ■->.,.,.. ,„ ,s.a, SAW MILLS. STATE AND COUNTIKS. Staie Alcona . Allegan Alpena Antrim . . . IJarrv . . ii-iy\ ..:: IJenzie J>eri'i(Mi Jiranch ('■illionn C 'ass _ . <^'liarli'voix . ('hel)()y,2;an . Chippewa . Clare Clinton Dvlta I'laton (tenes(>e (iM Traverse '.'ratiot Hillsdale .. ^ ll<>n;.?liton . llnron lno Kulkassk," . Kent . Keweenaw. Lake Lapeer lA'chiiiaw . . Lenawi'e . , Liviiiifsloii iMaekiiiao .. . ^Maconil) . . . . 3Iaiii.«t(M:' . _ Maniuette . . Mason 3Ieeostiv . . . . Menominee Midland ... Missaukee . . Monroe Montcalm . . ]^fnske."• 17 S K) (> i:! I 4-» <;.") (IS •2(! 2(i •28 1 .1!) 42 •) 72 I!) .'{ K) 2(! K) 2(1 •)(; 23 10 I'dWKll CsKI). 0|M'mt('(l !>}• Sfcaiii. No. l.'l (i 1 10 1 ;{*■) ;{ 7 :i 4!) s 1 10 2:< 7 8 n (i 11 1 :t:{ 5(1 58 14 10 15 1 1(1 40 2 71^ 1 I 21 4 15 41 12 45 7 Olicrjili'd Not liy Wilier. l{ri«)rtc.200 54,000 1!;5,400 •>00 ii! .3oo; 2.342.5001 2(!.00()| 2.54!),(l()0' 10(l,!IOOi 52,000; 71,(iOO| 3(15.4(10 40,300! 102,(i()0! 2(14.8(10 i 57. 1 00 1 .11 4.300 1 !IO.!)OOi Foci. 05.475.000 7.7.38.000 1.345,0(10 5.838,()()() 1,020,0001 11!),i")28,0(IO (!5;i,000 3,400,:iOO !l4,07(),()(l(i 3,0,".0,()0() 18,8(;4,()(I0 4,000,(100 3,000,000 12,811.000 24(i,(!50,000 14.575,000 78.704.000 34.055.000 7(i.000.000 23.575.000 1.50.000 20.887.200 118,00(1.24(1 438.448.111 30,(!0,s.000 4,(i55,00(l 31.151,500 10,000 12,(140.000 153,215,000 4..")00,0(I0 332.(!:> 1.807 1 1.25(MIO(t (i.t 14,724 ll.55il.OOO' 50.5(10.(100 3.10l.(i(;2 18.745.000 43.(88. 1 IS 4.2!)3,00() 74.028,834 ■ 1 10,0(iO,()00 \alui' of I'lciUucts. Dollarn. i.oo(i,no() 120,174 15,075 70,4(iO 1 2,200 l,4(i(i,5(10 0,130 31,000 8(!8,3(1() 53.5 •> 221,5(i;> 42,700 40.000 2I4.5!)0 2,510.000 128,(!()0 780.4 1(! 445,5(10 (125,(100 2S4,(1.')0 1 .350 438,0()0 1,431,100 5,540,07(i 400,050 50,400 523,(175 200 105,000 2,004,500 57.000 1.102.050 143.80(1 07.000 120.500 727.850 .37.04!) 212.200 405,7(;8 77,7(15 ,4l3.(i50 187,740 l/isC: . Lumber and Timbkr. Allc'tjaii Alpena ... Bay ;;:;: Konzic Chohoyiran.. <;iiu-o ::: Eaton Houghton Huron ' Ionia Iosco Isabellii . Kent Liipoer _ . c (i 1 1 2 2 1 7 :i 8 4 21 ](i $!),oon 4(),()()() r),s,()()() ]0.(X»() lo.ono (1.000 lo.noo ;m.ooo 10.700 22.000 17.000j Ki.OOO] -in.ooo 75,700 «i;{ 7,000 KiO.OOO 102,000 8.000 5,000 11,500 .'{.100 (iO.OOO 80.;t(M) :{2,N0() 120,000 ;i;j,;t!)8 128,;{()() ;}41,40() Mecosta Midland ....V MonU'alni .. . . Muskegon Newaygo Oceana _ , Osceola Ottawa l'rcs(|ne Isle Haginaw Sanilac Tuscola .'"" Other counties Total for State 14 1« 40 11 I 4 I 1 15 2 II 14 aC4,500 5:J,5(M) 110,170 11(5,800 a2,500 32,000 28,000 5,000 7,000 185.100 25,000 :n ,!)()() 22,850 $288,400 207.7(iO 457.(iOO 1()0.700 i»n.OO() Ol.OdO 51.000 ;!.ooo 12,000 274,587 75.000 (il,!)50 :{7,250 223 $1,087,220 #2.950,585 SI'AVK, HEAUINCJ, AND IK),),. KACTOItlKS.* I! COUNTIKS. Berrien ... Branch Clinlon Eaton (Jenesee . . . Gratiot Hillsdale . Iti/^hain . . . Ionia . Kent Lajx'er licnawee .. Jiivingston Total, State 4 ] 2 2 (i 1 1 loj 3 2 3 5 .) I'liliital Jlivcatisl. $34,000 8,000 25,000 20,000 40,0(M) 5,000 5,00o' 1(!1.500! 32,000 13,000 12,0(M» 57,800 31,000 Villiin of I'rodiiit:*, COUNTIKS. «5!),000' Maconil) 2(»,500 Monroe 110,0(K)| Montcalm 13,800' Ottawa 72,400 i Saginaw 80.000 Shiawassee" «.<»'»0 St. Clair " 102,(K)8 SI. Joseph" 'i3,0()0; Tuscola '10,000 Van Buren" 44,1251 Wavue 153,500, Otii'er counlic. 70.0(K) lllVl'St('{|. $128,84!t 88.0(M) ]0.0(M) 47,000 21 .000 12,800 (17.500 13.000 8.000: 40.500] 7.000 j 1 4.800 j Vulm- of I'lodiictH. S225.084 174,000 2(1,500 (52,((00 11,500 12,5(!0 115,()(M) 45,(MM) !)7,50() 83.4(M) 5,800 15,020 * Other liimbei-iii liHhmeiits. .Xiinl miruiractiiritif,' industries a re ''^f'^'''/° ^^e ..-aplUcal distribution of ud ro^^ syst^l^^i i:!..^^^^^;^^^^'^ he stan.p nnlls are en.bodied in papers furnished bv Mr. TSIjo ' fo .i; 2 ears fanuhar with Upper Peninsula interests, and at 'present s.u"-intemle"tff S^srrSlSl^r"' ^"" ''''''- '- ''' ''^^' C^-nnial iar.rr mL^ DISCOVKHY OF COl'l'KK. The first account of the occurrence of native copper on lake Superior is in the work ot "Lagarde,-' published in Paris, iu 16.30, in Vhich we fin. som „ r t n " accounts concernin-y the richness of the country. He s.avs: " Tlie^ are mh.es of copper w uch might he made profitable, if th^re were inhabit u^a.^ woZen ^ho vould labor faithfully. That would be done if colonies were eV b i hed About e.ghty or one luunlred leagues fron. the Ilurons there is a mil o, tor' from w h... . ' Truchement Brusl6' showed me an Ingot on his return on, a vXe he made to the neighboring nation." fi^oj.nge ,J"''Z f'""^" ^V'"'"'' ' •''""" ■"'•^«>«"''^'y' ^M'o visited the region in IGGG S.IJ.: It happens frequently that pieces of copper are found wei-rhh... f,om ten o twenty pounds. I have seen several such pieces in the hands o t a^^es and s.nce they are very superstitious, they esteem them as divinities or as tes^ w Ui. 1 r ''"" ""■'^' l^-'^^^'^'-ve these pieces of copper, wrapped nn S^l as d^me^ ie ' ' 7 '"''' ''"':''''''' ^•"'" ^'""' """-norial-being cher- nr' f ^'"'""*'t"^. f •''• I'O'- ^owo time there was seen near the shore a hu-o ock of copper w.th its top rising above the water, which -ave an onno t n Uv to those passing by to cut pieces fron. it. «ut when I passc^cl t. t v d .i ^i^ thorn"!"' ^',"''"'' ^^""~'^- '"''■'= '■ •^'"^"- "^^'"S '••^'"•'"^'l the exti-emitv of the lake S H':Hr"? " 'r r -^°~ - - = ■^-' n.tj i-e lut like lead. On one of the islands near ('l.agneine.rou b-iv he roUto^ tha copper roc^^ and plates a.-e tmn.d, and that he bought o^ the stai^^r^H^ snpposes that thj^ have been denved from Meno..g (Isle lloyale). He ,ne..tioiis MlNEHAL KeSOUHCES. 49 fonneil in En^laml i„ ]77] wliidi .i.-h, .lu. , ''"''J'*^ ' /''=^*^ ■'^ '-'oPPer -company was nagon Hvo, ,:;.,e.. t..e .nl^;:ofT ^SlVnr^ ^f""^'"'^ "" "^^ ^^"^«- a better liistoriau tin., ,ninP.-- fn.. .f"' ^^'^^•"" '<^ Henry, who seems to have been Of hi« operatio;" InZuZa Z^^Z ',^':;:il ^T ""' ''' ^^"''''"" "»^ ment iu uwni„.r -that tlie .'o, , \ , "' '"' ""S"^'<-'es^fMl experi- ooppor can be A:ofitably .I'necT' ' '""■^' ""' ""^'"'^'''' ''»^' ^^^'^J^'-' ^-^«- t'- tl^olo^S ^^72^'!:::^^::^ """^7"'""" ^^ ^^".'- r-n,, passes along mscovKKv OF inoN okk. tJ"b^r:;^.^er"vr^;irg^o;:gS^ %-t -r --' '•Although hen.atlte ore Is abuna^v„tly^ll. e .Sod h oul'l. t '" '"' Z"';'^ mctaniorphio group, it does not appear in -ie t Zf " / ' '"'"' "' ?' that has been examined to be of nr >,.n...,i • l"'»'>t'l> ut any one point ton ha,l traversed the i, th ^l.ol ? t •'"Portance." At this date Dr. Hough- canoe, on Jo^:;LV".:!:'!:!.!I'"*' ^^ l'^^:' ^^l'--^'- ^vc ti„,es, in a sn.all boater It is, tlierefore, probable that up to 1841 no canoe, on geological investigations Indian traditions worthy of credence '{nZZ^^Zu'^'^'T'" ■'''"' "^ '" come to his knowledge. As th ^al-e U K ' u ^ ^'' '''^'°''''' «' "•"" «'-^' ^ad of iron ore which come ne.r t.,n " "'"' "" ^'""^i'lerablo outcrops plain that in ve U a^ ' ba" o o . '!• '"'","' "" ^""" «^ ^''^ l''-^^' '* ^^ have detern.ined no n r; ; it mZn " ?'"" ^""'" '"'^ ^'"'•'^ «'"-^'' ^^''^'l in the extracts given Dr I onlo ? T' ""'' '""''' '^ l""^'"'^' "'^"^'^ted i" 'ina.itity. untU the re urn 17a n , " '''"'"'' "' *'"' ^-^'•^'*^"^''' "^ ''•«» «•'« his exanunation in he V^o 'f t, :'' /'"'?' "' ""■"'^'•"■^ ^<^ ^^^^^'^ -^ ^^H region. * * * t A ' ' "^ the country having been contined to the copped existed in the Upper I'ea.lL, a o ' i^ t uT ll^^'Tl'T'u '^"^""^^'^^ Indians had previously observed the ore nT we.. . undoubtedly true that -ithout, however, bei^.g able to U]enti?,M;: """''' "'"' '""^^'""'^ "^ ^^' OKOUXJICAI, StavKV ;:M^ ^Ji^iS 50 Statistics op Michigan. In 1840, Dr. Hon-htou wroto to tho Hon. A. S. Tortor, under tliUo December 2G, rej^ar.lmjr the mineral Avealtli of tlie south shore of hike Superior- "Ores of zinc, iron, and munjranese occur in the viciuity of the shore, l.ut I .louht wlictlier eitlierof tiicso, unless it be zine and iron, is iu suHicient abundance to prove of niudi importance. On-s of coppe.- are much more abundant than eitlier of tliose before mentioned, and a snflicient examination of them lias been made to satisfy me that they may be made to yield an abundant sn|>p]y of the metal" In the spring of ]84;, pursuant to an act of ( 'on^rress, entitled '• \n act to establish a lunv land district, and to provide for the sale of mineral lands in the State ot Michigan," the Secretary of the Treasury api.ointcd Dr. ('has J .Jackson to execute a geological snrvoy. After having spent two seasons in the' j.rosecu- tion ol this work, he resigned. After the resignation of Dr. Jackson, Messrs. J. W. Yosu-v and J. D AVhitnev wl-o had been assistants to Dr. .Jackson, were appoint,..!, and the com,,letiou of the survey was contlded to them. They made twu reports - ISr.O-al These reports contain a vast fund of valuable information, and to-day. 2(i years after- wards, we find that very few facts have escaped their notice _ The i.henomenon of drift and alluvial deposits of this region hav,. been ably .nvx.stigated by Mr. Desor, and the resnlts of his observations will be fo.uul embo.he.l by hini in that portion of the reports which relates to t!ie superHcial and transported materials. "PLinuai A report of much value, made by the joint connnittee of the two houses of the Legislature, in ISd!), on the subject of a , geological survey of the State, o-ives a connected resume of the history of mineral exploration and discovery in the lake Superior region, and in urging the necessity of a ge.dogical survey of the r,,,,,.,- reninsula by the State, s. -s: ^,.. the meanwhile, those hardy pioneers hive hibored and waited, until now. with a population of near :ir,,000, a capital invented in 11-. compa.ue,. for developing coi.per. of $l(i.-i5().50(). upon which has been paid d.vi.lends ot $5,880,000. and an iron interest which, in the twelfth year of its ,oin mercial life, produced over one-tiftb of all the iron mined in the' United States- they have rights, and the State has duties-long negl.vte.l dnties-towar.l them' winch it were wise to no longer neglect." Animated by the sentim.M.ts expressed iu this rej.ort, the Legislature to which It was made passed an act appropriating .$8,000 per year for four v.Mrs for the purpose of a geological survey, one-half of which was to be applied "in the l„„er Peninsula. As a resnlt of this action (iu part only, for private enterprise w called upon to anl). the report of the geological suvvey of the Ipper Peninsula embracing the period 18(i!) to 1873, was publishe.l dnring the last named year" I he iron district was in charge of Major T. J?. Hmnks, and tl... copp.-r district in" charge of Prof. K. Pumpelly, while sonu. progress was u.ade by Dr! « '. Hon 'in-.;" in an examination of the Pahcozoic rocks. This work is n.fcrre;i to hen- as intTo- diiciiig Its reference in other places. GEOLOGY OF THE UPPER PEMNSll.A. saecharoi eonglouK have bee morphi(' granites, contorted ore: Oli. altered si The ei lime, mic copper or lluroni easiern ci Htratiticat This if the fissure rior overl dykes and The ro( alluvial di stones; th( separate 1 extends fr( second lies third is ov '•'uige. E rather snia white, gre\ drab color. The first That porti is W(dl kn( yertical roc forms. Th From the t of 200 feet, drifts rumii however,
  • -y^ i" tbo Ihe orystiiUuie limestones contain a .rro-.t v... p S'-nuto. lime, mica, titanic iron, ^M.ipbite ,' , ,.^ 'n,.V ''.f "•"""••'^^^•- i'J'ospbate of ™pper ores, nickel, an.i ^.^J^;;'/' ' ^•"'-''•••^'- ^'"Plmte of baryta, galena, hornblende, Iluronitin Siistpm. — Next cnmoa tho tt.. oas.orn coas, of lakeVruo^rS,^„KT;"e"V '"'•''■'"' ^^^^"■"- '^'•'"'"^ »- «tratincatlon,s the shists of the Lu,l;"n;iars;^tom '''■'"''' ""''^^"^ ''" """"^'^'^^ This IS composed of bluish shists with 'bivo.« «<• i. the tissures ..f which are tilled with n hcitr T.,! ;',"'"' '''™'T"-^ ^""'^''' :^::;:t:,,:ner- ^'— -•• ^^^^^:^::z ':;:rtdS aii^^'iT^;:: the^'s;ow;;;::^'^;r;iS- r'" ^^*^- "'-•■-- -- -« stones; the conolon.erates- the tr, , f ^ " vanegated, and red sand- AV,„......._T,„ ,J^^,^ ^, ; ; ^;;;:^;;-7''';--'<«; -Hi the granite. separate belts . „„i„. f,,,,,, oast to ,'- - '" "" ^■'"'' '" ^"'"'''^ ^'Xten.ls fro,n the Suult de S M. rieul t " , '•"':"''"'' '° """"west. The first .econd. lies between the ^^ ' ' c' ^.^^ '? JT' ^'"' TT '' '^'^^""^'"- '''^- third is overlving the conrnonu • ,t „' J ;"'" "* '^'^^^'^^''"■iw I"^i"t. The -"ge. Every..;:... the "s Z o " ; /nr/'" V ""'•^" "^ "^ ^-PI'-". -.l.er snndl strata or beds: at the np p " , :;"!: ' l'"-^"'^--^'-' "»'• -- in while, grev and variegated in In . f'e forn.ation they arc nearly 'Inib <.olor: at the lou,; pa,, '""''■ "'"' ''""' '''''' """- "•• J<^- of a T.Jt;::i.rt:i;:S!rd;srt:.r:;;;;%r^ """;■" "" '"'^- ^"•'"•^'-' vah.e. i^ w.ll known. At (Jra.u 1 Pm l' .nw i ^\I='71'"^tte rnnning along the Voast -.■'leal r..ck walls,w,d;:t m ; t ^ :; ,/:^fl.;'"' -:"f«- ''PP-.S in ;^=-t.Ji:p:r!;;i,:;. ^rr;::,:::- r-''--- - to ^i^t^rt' i;:-; -x - -. .teet^_ bnt not .1 ^.^^tti^.:;:!;-^ sr^i^^.:;^':.:!!;:.: ^S •Irifts rum.ing westward, wliere they lean or however, dip southward and -''"'t<'s; the strata, ^,^__^^^^^.^^^_^ 1 cutmNaul and disappear. .,r b„ry themselves nnder more recent 'I'iie second belt of sandstone extends i„ ., li <• the shore of Keweenaw point , h J ■ ' " '"'*"' '"" '""■'" *" ^onthwest from ^.•o::;v;:f:i;;- ;;::::;;;.r;r tii^tr^"'^ f t,f ,be ;tr;s 1.. t,. s^re '•-...re .:-in: tv o.:;:;:;,:^:/;^;:::;,:;:.;'"''"'^''"- '"^ ^^"^'-^^ •"'•-•^'- «^ ''- -H with lie la Rene, w c ! ! ^u 1^ P^i!;:":.'? :"•' ^^^-^^'^^ «-^' ^^ «» '^ 's <.n high plateaus. ' ^ °'*'^J^''' '=''^0 "»d Cntunagon, this line ■li !' iiM'l ,-uUti 52 Statistics of MrciiraAN. Noar I-a. hi I oil,. h.wI cUhm- phioos whom t!,o HruulstoMOH appoar a llttlo above on tin traps, h„,, sI.ow.mj, strong ,lislooatlo„s, wlH..h ln,ii..„t..s that th. a "i , U.1 .,. ..... trappoan .nass ,hn.n,.h ,h.. sa„.lst< s ,nnst hav. h.-c... vo y v 1 . Om Ih, .ontrary, wh,.n. tl... san.lst„n,.s appoar on .ho top ,.f tho phUoans u , i.' nir:.^;!; ;;;: ;^:::""^ "^ '"•■ ^"""^'"'- '^ - ""• "-^ "•■ '"•' — o;p; .•: '''""'";>•«' I";!', of san.lstoMo oxton.ls fVon, tho lako shoro ar Ka;vi„ ,ivor to fho -H' <;i n,. bo.ls with a woll .lotino.l stratitloati..n, an.l rnnnin,. in a .li .'otio ni r v parallol w.th tho shoro, ,ho ^roatost .livor,..n.,v boin,. n,"ar th,. st,. ".i of .iiuxiHAi'iiicAi, i.isriniiiTiuN oi- nil.; kock .sYsiKM.t san.is,.mos ami limoston^ .hi., is .^l^,:s:;;;;o,; • I' o^ji:. ;;;;;:;::-:;•'-;;; r .n uHks an.i tl... -..oppor ran-o " is llanko.l by a Silurian tlat on tho son , sl.lo whi..h soparatos it from tin- iron ran^nv until tho two, to-'oth r itl south ,.opp,.r rano-,., ....mo t.>...th..r Most of lak.- Go^obi... Abon tvo-t tho Tppor IVninsnla, or 0,9S. s.p.aro mil,.s. is ulJ^U^X'^Hl jr. Copppr-brarinn TPorA-s.— Thoso rooks, oorrosnon.lin.r uwi. «i , '"•-'7 ™:'7f,"«- ''» 'i™ .«:..-: ;,' r;!;:;™,r t' , z'l:z:: on ,.,IK0 . ih. 1 |,,,,.,. r,.„I,„„h,. Tl„.s,. ,„,*, l,„v„ ]„„ «,,„.,.n,.i. ,!?,,, r;r';i.:';n;r;^r;;;;z:: '^^ -"^ ■"»■" '•-« -;" -^^ «.'"; gan/l'^ik';,!)' """"°»i'^ I'a.-«gcne8i8 of copper and its associates, t Geological Survey. Vol. I. SCO Geological Survey of Jliclii- IV. (ll-u whioh are aH uiulorly FiOwor Hll ('o|)p(.t'-bo; Ilnronian . T,anrontlai Unknown . Total {'oppor siiioo.* I' tho form . wlii.'li was l.)gioal pr( its reality The (lie was prinoi] in a.lii.M'in (icminatod minors as rior is .lis Veins, — native ooj) ]. Tho rooks, an.l ilowuwar.l to 8°, 10°, ii of ivowoon A (lilVoront There tln.j of Kow.'.'ni •J. Tlio > niMlion of under th(> Most pr i'lKonix. til tlioy all .'a mine of II veins have woisrht. The Mil lirst syslon iiij:; .')10 t.M * " Tlio Co MiNEKAL Resources. 53 /r. aiiuiitrn.—Thi'Hi'. rocks, wlii<-h liiivn ho fur produced no iiHoful inincriils, and whidi arc ImlioviMl to be c(inivalcnta of tlio Laurcntian of Canada, are roprcHontcU HH underlying about 1,83!) wquarc niilcsi— crinal to 12 per cent, of tlio total area. KKCAl'ITi:i,ATI(>N. Arm. Hqr. M1II4. Lower Hllnrlan.. , j)9g2 ('..i.pcr-i.earin^.. ■!■!:!:::::::::::::;:::::::::::::; i]m Unronian or iroii-bcaring 1901 If"'*^"'''"' '-■■■■";:::::::::":::::::::;;:::; i>39 Unknown .... 'gyg Total area of Upper Peidnsnla, exclusive of islandn, about IsfiQl COPPJOIl ANI> (JOI'PEIt MINI NO. Copper uiinin;,^ on lakt! Superior connnenccd In 18-15, about twenty-eight years since.* Prior to tills date, copjier iiad l)een olitained tlirouj,'ii(.nt tiic world in the form of .sulpluu'ct. The discoveries of lake Superior were of native copper, which wus a novelty in copjjer mining, and so lmprol)able, according to all geo- logical i>rccedeuts, tiiat much doubt was e.\presseM tons. * "The Coppor Mines oC La'ic Siiperinr," l)y <). I). AMiloy— pimplilut, IST?. 64 Statistics of Michigan. /M/N -TiM. an.VK.iulol.l I.oUh, most know., in Houghton conntv, nu: tho Posvibl.. JHI. Kojalo l„.lt. |i„.y ,.,v all an.yn;.laloi,K l„a of a dilU.n.nl ro.npo.ition l>,„f . .! PHMM.t .h,.n.s,.lv,..s nn.l.T a va.-loty of ..ha.aH..r in .lifl-,.,-,.,,! I,.mN ,, ,| ii T::t^::: " "•' -'- """•"' ^" '^"-"■" ■ ---y -' '-••' ^'^^'t".;;:; :: 1. Th.. tiisi ,„.,. is faidu-st no,-ll,, „n tho H.itish A.noi-iran p.-o,...,lv in mtion 11, tow.. .8 no,th. .•ange .-.O w.s,. Thi« li.s no.th of tho Asu-IkmI. Th h ] Z :^^:i';i;:a.t^;:;;.::'''"'""^'-'" "■"• ""^ ^'--t--.-- i-i"-.. i..- a., ont^op ^vJ'b'"' '"'V /7^'r"'''" '«■'' fi:«'"ff t" tho south is tho Ash.1,0,1. This is so vol know., that it is not nec-ossaiy t.. ,ofo.- to it at lon«th. Su» Ice i to sav pruJ^r;.;::;; '''"'-' ''- " """"- -^ ^-^ - "'^ ^^'I'l- ----^ - tSi ston;'^'*'T;r! *' !''" *"l!":\"""*^ '^"'^- "'.V-g ^^o»t SOO feet north of the Green- stoie. rhis has '.oen falsely oallo.l the "Pewabio bolt." It has been too litt o explored to doeide ..pon its value. ^ to ^'oImT'^m""" I" ^° "«»'^'''" i« the Delaware ini..e belt, which is now opened to a considorab o extent in that n.ine; also in the old .Stoute,d,e,-ff n.i..o, an, to l.n . od oxte..t n. tho (^o.n.octicnt and A..,ygdalol.l ...inos. The gonerali; ."mL Tr::rorT/'7'''' '^"'"^ ""^ '^^^ '' ^ly wo..kabi,'w.u:;:;vA:^ t tin l^ '■"''^'"■'' '■'""• ^''''^ '•^•'^""^ "t tlie Delaware disproves this heory as the cross cuts have proved a dista..co of n.ore tha.i one h. n.hv' Zl trom ho vo.n, an,l show no change for the worse in that di.tanco «n.n" ^'";r''' ^f^ '" succession is ilic Modora, thou-h this n.av p.ovo to bo tho sa ne as the last .nentioned. Son.e rock take, f.om this n.ino with but lit. lo seloct.on, yloldod at tho C.itrstan.p null ,y^ per cent of d,-essc!;i c'o ;K.r. Gro;nsto;.o'." "" '' '" '"""'"'""' ''^ »"« ^'-- '-'>• -^^>-t 800 foot south of tho 7. Still taithor south, a bolt was opono.l upon tho M..nt.-oal t.-aet and iud-in- rri4:;r.,;;i:,',T """■ " '- ' "■ " - «"■»■"' ."-o;:'- _ 8. To tho above list mi-ht bo addo.I a bolt oi.onod upon Ibo 3Iendota n.-ODortv ■n sect.o,. 21, town o8, rau^o 21.. v.l.ich .ivos consido.-able p,-o.niso ' ' '^' in i^xz;'::::;^:;:;:^' "'"' "'" ''- --->-—• ^^^^'-i". -rth, 1. The Hancock conyioniorates; 2. AVost Powahic; ;{. Albany and Hoston; 4. 3IosMard; 5. Caluniot and Jlocla; 0. Koai-sai'go. ml.!er votT/'?' ''•'"''•""f''^"^ "••'^" '-<"' l'>«kod upon with n.isfust bv .ho "":.. ,! H b"""" ''' '1-My.aud we see to-day standi... .„ost pn.nu- the co..glo..u.raro of that nan.o. with a p,-o,luc.io.. of over 1.100 ,o..s o. ' • o" InZr''- ""^ ^'"^ """" '•""^"""•"-^<' -- '- Scboolc,.aft and Z.1 tin . n lv™...aw coun.y wo have .be Allouoz co..«.lo,no..a.o, on which is tho Allouo. !»"... .so.ne have assun.cl .„ have Id.'ntified this belt as the Mesnurd .•i.id Mineral Resources. 55 ollicrw 11." tlic Allmiiy and lloston; yet it lias not bcoii satisfactorily proven to be either. The KearsarK*' <'i)iijj;l()inerate liaH also been oi)eiietl In Keweenaw county, showlnj? eonsideralilc copper; yet very little exi)l()iln'!; has been done on this belt. S!;lonierate has been oiiened, ami is bidn;? now worked. All the bolts, both conglomerates and amyj^daloiils. Ixdon;? to the stamp lodes. The amyjfdaloids, however, produce ii good deal of Ijarrcd woi'k and slntt copper. Ores of Ci>}'p''r.—'\'\u' Moheniian or south range, forms the line of upheaval of the bedded trap aiul conglomerate on the north, and conglcmenite and sandstone on the south. This range rumnng paralhd with the northern one, is also trav- ersed by veins for the most part at right angles to the direction of the forma- tion; but unlike the veins of the northern range, they yield the grey anr. Ilou;4liton, was treated as a burlesque by seieutifie 50 Statistics of Miciiiuan. men, at home and abroad, who eallod It ' backwoods mfnonilopv.' His ronn-snifi- rn!!LT *°/'" *^'''"* '^'"""''""'" "f '-"IT^-- i"='''•' ^y ^'' MeClin^ock. assayer of the ITultod States udnt at rhiladolphia, In l.Sjr,. showed: .Sile.v, 7; metallic cop- per 70; oxyffou, 17.50; carbonic acid, of., r,S,(K Dr. McCliutock adds: .'The mass wbi .!M!r ';' wT.f "'■ *■"''""■' J"«''"^''"S 'V rich blue with a.p.a a.nmoMia, ^vh. h the ;,n,^u, carbonate, and the water uecossar.ly assoclat.Ml with it. The absenc of in.n, snlnhur, ^tc adds fn^ letlo :fr 1 •"" "•"' "^ '••'"'•'""" ^'"'' «"'^'^"'" ""-••^ easier and i"! Ing a better article when smelJod." NU.MIUCH OI- COl'fKIt MINI\(t COMl'ANIKS, AND ASSKSSMKNVS AND nivii)i:Ni)s. ,| -- . - .mv- .-.viiiv. i.xiii^ »vijit; still on the sauu. authority at $11,!) 10,000. A lar-c proportion of the companies never raised any ore, ospcci.ally in payi.ij.- quantities, and many ..f them ..ro pra.tically out of existence. The divid..n.I.payinjr n.ines do not exceed ei,.ht or ton in number, I'liill'ITAIil.K MIMXIi. As the counterpart of many unprofitable ...nt.ues, the followiu- further nuota- t.on IS ^nven from 31r. Ashley's pamphlet, pa-o 13- ^ "To onco,u-age ener-etic eflorts aud a lib-ral exi.emliture of cai-ital in pro.c- eutino: copper nm..n.o: on lake .Su,,erior. we Mav,- the astonishing- success of the -lumet and llecia the rid.est n,ine, as establ.she.l by its annuarproduct. of any in the world, whether of j;ohl, silver, or co,,per. Ju ],S-2 it ,,roduccd 0,718 tons of m.neral, or at ninety per cent. 8.7-17 tons, ,„• 17.-10-I.000 poun.ls of in-rot copper At an .■ivora,:re of ;i() cents per j.oun.l this would yi.dd .«o,-2 18.200. (Jalculatiuff Its rmfoon' ''"'n' •*"'; '";"".''' '!'" '"'' ''^ '"''^ "■"">"' '"• «-'-""",^«0, «"• H net profit ,.f 9J,1J8,020. Ih.s calculation is based upon nnollldal statenwuts. but that it ciinnot be t:u- iron, a.-fual results is proved l.y the fact that the n.ine paid $2,800,000 in cash dividends to its stockholders durin^r the year." The foreooin- extract is reproUucod, not for the purpose of a.lv..rtisii,.r the minii,^^ company mentioned, nor does the >om,,iler of this work assume" any MiNEUAL KkSOURCES. 67 THE COIM'KR PnoUUCT. Tho following flguroH are compiled from reports iiuulo to the Auditor Oeiioral of tlin State, frvtn data fiirnislicd by tlie Hon. .1. 1{. Doverciix, of Houghton. Aa the sev- eral sources of inforniatiou tliat liavo lieen eonsiiltinl agree Hubstantially, tho tif M-CB arc probal>ly a;) nearly accurate as it is possible to f;et tlieni. Tho aimexcd tabular cxldltit sliows: A, (lie gross product of copper ore, In U' ! (presumed to Ijo net tons of 2000 poimds), from 1845 to 1875, inclusive;' B, '., roximate product of ingot copper, in i)ounds, for erior Ingot cop- pi- for tho years ssliown; E, total value of lake Siipevior copper; F, total product ol Ingot copper in the United States, including lake Superior, 'jr a series of years: YEARS. 1845 to 1858 1858 . . 1859 1800 1801.... 1802.... 1803 1804 1805 18GG ... 1807 1808 • 180S) 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 A. 18.054 4.100 4,200 G.OOO 7.500 !).!)02 8,548 2.472 10.7!)1 10,37(! 11.735 13,040 15,288 10,183 10,071 15,100 18,514 22,225 22,058 It. c. 1). 27,010.000 7.000,000 7,0(;1),0(K) 0,000.000 12,000.000 h;,ooo.ooo 13.000,000 30c 28i^c 13.000,000 55 30 14.0(»0.0(I0 501 < 28 14.000,0(M) 41 J^' 20i.< 1(),4(M),000 20 211^ 10,!)70.000 24ii< 2114 24,400.000 20V:i 2iyi 25,802,000 22 19 25,714,000 27 21 24,2ti4,000 45 27 28,882,000 35 20 34,054,433 •251.^ 19 35,250,000 233,' 21 K. «in,ooo,50o 1,880,000 1,800,000 2,010,000 3,337,500 3,402.000 4,420,000 0,110,000 5,145,000 4,7(iO,000 4,140,000 4,502,000 5,308,000 5,000.240 0,171.300 7,774,720 8,200,500 7,770,510 7,843,150 F. 14,500,000 10,000,000 15,257,000 15,032,000 17,413,000 21,200,000 2G,5G3,0OO 28,335,000 28,104,000 2G,7G4,00O 34,882,180 30,304,433 40,000,000 ■ COI'l'EK rUODUCT »V DISTllICTS, FOU FOUR YKARS. The following is a statement of the yield of Michigan copper mines, in round tons, for four years, taken from the Detroit Board of Trade report for 1875; I>ISTRICTS. 1S75. 1874. 1873. 15,220 2.800 547 1872. Portage lake Keweenaw 14,025 2,400 GOO 17,OG7 4.140 080 12,012 1,836 725 Ontonagon Totals 17,025 21,893 18,G3G 14,173 I.AROK Sl'KCIMENS OF MASS COFPER. Largo mass copper is so jiormal a feature in the lake Superior mines that special mention of specimens seems unnecessary, although a few are noted. Tlic first renuirkablc sample, weighing over 3,000 pounds, was discovered in the rapids of the 58 Statistics of MrciiioAN. Ontonag..ii river, in 1830. It Mas removed to Detroit, but was claimert by the United States, and from tbcnoe taken to V/ashington, where it still remains. The largest mass of pure copper was found in the Minnesota mine, in Ontona- gon county, its Aveiglit being 44G tons. I,i dividing it into pieces, weighin-r two and a b'df to ten tons eadi, the labor of twenty men, during a period of twenty- three months, was required. The thickest part of this mass -vas a little over seven feet. Over 12 tons of copper chips were taken from it uiuing the divi linff process. *' The Cliff mine developed one macs weighing a little over SOO tons. Masses of 50 to 100 tons were of somewhat frequent occurrence, both in the Cliff and Min- nesota, in their earlier working. The riioenix has turned out a number of l.-irge masses, the largest weio'hinff over 200 tons. » s The Central has also produced a large amount of mass copper, tlic laro-cst of which weighed over 200 tons. A mass was found at the surface of this" mine partly mined by a primitive race, that weighed 53 tons. ' Mas-es of 80 to 100 tons have been found in the Copper Falls and National Masses of from one to 15 tons have been foiyul in all the mines that have been worked to any extent, except the Cidumet-Ilccla, th^ Schoolcraft, and Osceola. The largest piece found in the Calumet-llecla weighed less than a ton. Mass copper is being found in the Minong mine, on Isle Eoyale, The largest piece fo-uid so far as known at the time of writing, weighed about th je tons! ANCIENT MINE WORK. The evidences of ancient mine work by a primitive and unknown race are a notable feature of the lake Superior mines. The discovery of this old work was the d'scovery of the mines. In speaking of the ancient mines. Prof. J. W. Foster, in his late work on the Pre-IIistoric Kaces of America, says: "The high antiquity of this miuin- is in- ferred from these facts: Tliat the trenches and pits were tilled even wUh the surrounding surface, so that their existence was not suspected until many years after the region had been thrown open to ..•tive exploration; that upon the piles of rubbish were found growing trees „nich differed in no degree, as to size and character, from those in the adjacent forest, and that the nature of the materials with whicli the pits were filled, such as a tine Mnshcd clay envelotnng half decayed leaves, and the bones of such quadrupeds as the bear, deer, and caribou, indicated the slow accumulation of years, rather than a deposit resulting from a torrent of water." At a deep inlet, known as McCargoe's Cove, ou the north side of the island excavations extend in almost a contimious lino for more than two miles, in most instances tlie pits being so close together as barely to permit their convenient working. The stone hammers, weighing from ten to even thirty pounds, the chirf tool with which the labor was performed, liave been found in cart loads. They are cither perfect, or arc ;jroken from use, and the fragments of large numbers of them are found intermingled witli tlie d-hrix on the edge of the pits, or at their bottom. The sample of mass copper noted as taken from the Minong mine is more remarkable for these stone-hauuner marks upon its surface, tlian for its weight. Though it is probable that not one-tenth of these ancient excavations have so far b"on revealed, some idea of their extent may be arrived at, from the state- ment of a gentleman familiar with the mines, who has calculated that, at one point alone on three sections of land toward the iiortli side of Isle Itoyale, the MliSTERAL ReSOUECES. 59 amount of labor ixn-fornuMl by thoso iiuoieiit iiicii far pxeetds that of one of our oldest coppoi- iDiiips on tlio south shore of lake Superior, u iiiiuo which has now- been constantly ^^■orke(] witli a large force for over twenty years. Or, stated iii another form, that It would have required a force of ona hundred thousand men fifty years (with their moans of working) to do an equivalent amount of work. STAAU' MILLS OF LAKK SUl'EUIOn. * Every new miiiiiiK ilistri.-t liiis lia.l its own pccnliai- experiences in iiiventing and experiment- iug upon new niothocLs for the various operations of mining, ami more particularly in the pro- cesses of crushinp and (Irossinp ores. As a matter of course, .luring this j.eriod many old things have been reinvented, patented, and cast asid\ thr re to remain until at a future day other geniuses shall bring t'lem forth again as new. la this respect the copper region of lake Superior lias not been behind other mining centers, and probably in no other part of the country has more nuiney been expended in devising nevr machmes and improvements upon old ones for the crushing of rock. The appliances for wp.ih- ing the sand have not been so varied, simply for the reason that, iiaving but one mineral or rather metal, of liigh specillc gravity, to separate from roC material which varies but little in Its character in any one mine, it rc.iuires mu ellVctive oi)eration some two years ago. The peculiar feature of this machine, and tho one from which it derives its name, is the air cylinder, wliich takes the plate of the stamp head, and to which the shoo is attached. Through ;he upper cylio Icrhead passes the piston rod, which receives motion by means o:T an ordinary . annocting rod fmui the main crank axle. The piston, four and one-half inches in diameter, is lltted witli double reverse cup.b nther packings. The upper end of the cylinder is bored to receive the piston to a depth of fourteen inches. The working barrel of the cylinder 13 pierceil with two sets of holes, for the ingress and egress of the .dr, discharging tho air behind the piston after it has once been used as an elastic cushion. This elastic cushion, besides increasing the force of the blow, removes the Jar fr.uiv tho machine, prevents the noise incident to all such implements, and, by hastening tho descent of tho head, allows an increased speed. The crank • \le runs in iilummet blocks carried upon the top of the side frames, and can be driven either by a band-wheel, or by an upriglit steam engine, fastened dircctlv upon the side frame of the battery. Wlieu more than one battery is used in a mill, this latter method is not advisable. The cyli nder stamp head pns.ses through a deep guide-plate, wliich forms jmrl of the battery Kii*gineer's." '"''"''" ''" ''"'"' '' '"'""'>'• *^' >''•= •"'"*'• ''«f"''« tl^ American Institute of Mining 60 Statistics of Michigan. frame. Water is introchircil upon the upper siilo of this Ki'i'le-plate, and allowed to run down around the (•ylinder, thus affdrdiug a lubricator, and preventing the sand splashed up from the mortars from cutting the cushions of the guides. The removal of th; shock, and tlio i)eculiar construction of the cylinder, enable a high speed to be oblaino 1, and further, it m.iy be remarked, no damage can bo done by reversing the engine, a frequent source of accident with ilie pestle stamp mills. It is claimed they can run as high as '200 blows per minute, per head, i t so far e.xperience has shown that they should not be run more than about UO blows per minute. So far tlie best work has been to inilverize il)oat 40 tons per battery in twenty-four hours, or six and two-thirds tons per licad, of rock taken from a No. 9 Blake's breaker. It has been rather e.vpensive in repairs, but the weak points, rone of great importance, are being discovered, and no doubt upon the C'>nslrn(,'-ion of new miUs, these can be easily remedied. In general, the mill at the Phoenix mine, the only one whidi has, to my knowledge, been erected in this country, is giving good satisfaction. The size of a liattery is 02 indies between side frames, and 110 inches from crank axle to floi-r. Total weight 8.'.; tons. Another Slyla.—HtiW another style of mill has been introduced .it tli Petherick mine. This is only peculiar in its arrangement.". The plan has been called forth l)y the scarcity of water at the location. The rock from the Blake breakers (two sizes) is screeneil, the coarse stuff pc^sing thence through rollers. The line stuff from both breakers and rollers is discharged on to a jig. All the coarse from the jig passes i do the hopper of a stamp battery. In tliis way a very small pmount of rock reaches the stamps, and a modciate amount of water can be made to handle a proportionately large quantity of rock, and may ]>rovc very economical. It is but proper to state that there are those who still contend for the pestle stamps, on the ground of llrst cost, less extraonlinary repairs, and further, that small mines cannot afford to erect mills of a minimum capacity of 100 to 1'20 tons of rock per day— the power of one head of Bteam stamps. This the patentee has endeavored to remedy, by the construction of a smaller pattern, namely, one "f 110 pounds wciglit, with a duty of iO tons per day. Such a mill has not been tried, and it therefore remahis to be proven whether tliey can run at so small a cost on a reduced scale. It is further claimed that the steam stamps re-. alternate with ore, thus often dlvldhig the formation into two or more b ;d.. uf ore, separated by v. k. Usually the beds of both ore and r. ck tliin as they are followed m the direction of a st<-lke from a center of ir\axii:.niii thicki.ess, producing irregular lentiform masses. Since their original deposition, if we may assume they'Avere laid down imder water, the whole series, including the iron b.'ds, have been bent folded and coriiigated into irregular troughs, . ,i,,ins and domes, which often present at the surface thin vpiurned edges of pure ore standing nearly vortical. This structure, Involving sudden changes »n the amount and direction of the dip, from horizontal to vertical, woidd evidently ncocssitate, in the case of under- 62 Statistics of Michigan. groniid work, constant t-hiuifrcs in tho phin of attacking? tlio ore, as well as in the mode of supporting the roof. * * * These facts make open workings a practical necessity at the start, and tlie great economy of breaking oi from high slopes with lieavy charges of powder induces a continuation of tlie method, even when tlie rock covering lias attained a tliickiiess of many yards, and underground work would seem to he advisable. It is, indeed, hard to say what thickness of solid rock a Marqnette mine-superintendent would hesitate to remove if it covered a l.irge deposit of ore. * * * It would be (iifflcult to convince our peo- ple that having a large deposit of pure ore before them of unknown form and size, covered often by but little earth, and backed by perhaps but a small amount of money in the company's treasury, it is best to incur the delay and cost incident to sinking and drifting, to open ground already opened by nature, and ready to win. Wrought as open quarries, several of our mines have paid their way from the start, while, had they been opened on a regular system of mining, they would have required .an investment of $50,000 in plant and improvements before ship- ments could have begun, and at least one year's time. The transition from the present system of quarrying io the future metliod of unlerground mining, which will have to be made in the Marquette region, will bo .1 critical period, and will jiossess great interest, as affording a solution of a milling problem such as may not yet have been presented anywhere. Attempts at its solution have .ilready been made, but. as has been remarked, very little ore has as yet been extracted at a profit by candle-light. of PnODUCTION AND QtJAI.ITY Or lUON. Major T. B. Brooks, elsewhere noticed as connected witli the geological survey the I'pper Peninsula, in a paper written in 1870. and read before the American Society of Civil Engineers, says: "The product of tlie Jlarquette miues has nearly doubled during the last four years, and is now about 825,000 gross tons of ore, which will yield on the average sixty-two and a half per cent, of pig iron in the' furnace; hence, during the last two years, fully one-fourth of all the pig produced in this country has lieen from ' e Superior ores. About «0 per cent, of the shipments are specular hemat ^Iding Co per cent, of iron; 17 per cent, are magnetic ores, yielding Go pei " iron; 13 per cent, are soft hemati-tes, yield- ing 50 to 55 per cent, of iron; per cent, second class specular ores, yielciing say 57 per cent, of iron. One hi...dred and twenty-live fm-nace stacks use lake Superior ores wholly or in part; of these, 80 employ coke or bituminous coal, as fuel, 10 anthracite coal, and 20 charcoal. Eighty of tne bituminous and coke stacks are in Ohio and Pennsylvania, all the anthracite stacks are in I'ennsylvania and New York, and over one-half of the charcoal furnaces are located in Michigan. The iron produced is soft and strong, answering equally well for mill or foundry use. It inclines to red-shortness, without being decidedly red-short. It is too soft for rail-heads, but is unequalled for the base of the rail and for merchant bar, and is now being successfully used for 'Bessemer steel.'" The same writer, how- ever (geological survey, page 90), thinks that the flag ores may prove harder, and be adapted for rail-heads. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION Ul' Oi.KS. flh.apterX. of the geological survey, page 283, contains the results of over one hundred and fifty analyses, more or less complete, of iron ores from the Upper Peninsula, mostly from the Marquette region, together with five analyses of pig iron produced from those ores, and several analyses of ores from other parts of the United States, which are largely used with lake Superior ores ><« mixtures. In order to bring out the variations in quality of the ores, and to obtain reliable - ■^-' Mineral Kesoukcks. 63 practical averages, seldom less than two, and in one instance ei",'ht samples, were analyzed from tiio same mine. Tin; rejjort refers to tli(^ care talrior ores will at ouLo note that their furnace books often show a higher vield than 02.9 64 Statistics of MrcmoAN. per cent., whicli is given in the table as tlio average percentage for flrst-class ores This discrepancy is easily accotnited for: The clieinist's result is in jyure metaUic iron; the furnace man's is in pig irm>, ■vvhicli contains stiveral per cent, of carbon and silicon, and other substances. Therefore, tlie chemist sliould always find leas iron than is shown by the furnace aceoimts, if he has an average sample of the ore. Just what this dilTeren.-e is, depends on tlie grade of iron made, on the waste in the slag, and other things; good authorities have placed it at 2V^ ner cent. The analyses of ores from other parts of the country cannot be conveniently reproduced here. rnosniOKus i\ i.aki: sitkuiou oues. Pig iron, intended for the use of steel makers, must be remarkably free from phosphorus, one-tenth of one per cent., according to some authorities, being the maximum amount allowable for many purposes. As it has been found impossible, up to this time, to ollniinate this clement from tlie metal either in the blast furnace or in any of the various processes for making steel, it is indispensable, in steel manufacture, that we start witli an ore comi)aratlvcly free from it; and for the best bar iron, oidy a small amount of phospliorus is admissible. Us effect being to \h ' -e cold-shortness. 'J'he distribution of phosphorus among the lake Superior =>, it is stated, so far as facts go, follows no obvious law; it seems to have i..tle, if any, relation to the kind of ore. Some of tlie hematite ores are among the lowest, and otlie-s among tlu; ricliest in this element, and so of the specular and magnetic ores. A rule, but to which there are exceptions, seems to be, that the ores poor in ir.n and rich in silica contain least phos- phorus. But while a rich ore may contain more phosi)liorus than a lean one, it may^ yet produce a pig iron containing less phosphorus, because less of the rich ore is required to make a ton of iron. The interest in the subject, in connection with the Bessemer steel manufacture, leads to the introduction of a tabular state- ment, in which the mines are arianged in order of tlie quantity of phosphorus, beginning with the lowest. No mine is included from which less than two sam- ples have been analyzed. MINE. J Kind of Ore. .Jasi)ery Specular . Soft Jlcmatite Hematite Flag 2d class Magnetic. Hematite Flag and Specular Sneciilii Lake Angeline Winthrop ..!/....!. Silas (/. Smith (Cascade Edwards ....V^ Macomber Cascade _ " Jackson Edwards... '."'''.'.' "/.V.V.'M^^wxSq Slienanpo Illematite Champion i Magnet ic ami Slate Lake Angeline i Homali te Foster Ilcniutite . . Lake Superior _.| Specular Ji^okson Illematite and JaVpery." Cleveland Specular., Barnum Washington New York Specular Magnetic Specular . I'lius] hnrus. 0.031 o.o:j7 0.047 O.OM 0.0.-.;-) o.o.f-.s 0.0(il O.OGO 0.()(J7 0.070 0.072 0.071) 0.0!)4 0.104 0.124 0.120 0.1 :u 0.141 0.22.i Iron. f)3.S3 54.03 4!).70 49.332 40.190 54.92 51.253 03.715 01.60 50.315 03.55 50.70 52.27 fi2.11 57.155 01.092 01.09 (i 1.305 01.74 Mineral Resources. 65 ANALYSIS OP PIG IRON. By way of verifying the results as to the percentage of phosphorus, as shown by the ast table the results of Ave analyses of pig iron, n.ade fron. 'the same WivL ^l.^^''^^''^*-^"'' ^ «"^ containing no appreciable amount of phosphorus, is given. Ihe analyses are deemed to indicate very accurately the amount of phosphorus in he ores, which, as will be seen, averages about the maximum given as admissible in steel. CHEMICAL PROPERTIKS. I. IL in. IV. V. Average. Magnesia Q1 1*7.1.1 n..:i<^ •!• -------- -- 0.47 1.83 3.35"' 0.00 93.49 0.082 Trace. nllicie acid or silica . . Silicon.... "2.245" 2.88 0.80 93.201 0.138 0.011 0.174 1.16 '""3.72" 0.30 " o.ioi' 0.045 3.21 2.91 '3.61"" 0.05 2.28 r.rai)hitic carbon.. Combined carbon 3.39 Metallic iron 0.38 93.34 Phosphorus . . . "0.i2G' "0.692" 0.04 Sulphur ■ Metallic manganese . . .... 0.108 0.030 0.174 ■ _ — ^ _ — I. was chipped from many pigs of Xo. 1 gray fonndry iron, made at the Pio- neer furnace, Negaunee, of Jackson ore. 11. is a pig iron made from assorted lake Superior ores, at the Appleton furnace, Wisconsin. III. is also a specimen of Appleton iron. IV. is No. 1 gray foun.hy iron made by the Jackson Iron Com- Piiny, at layette, Michigan, of Jackson ore, with charcoal, and is extensively used in the manufacture of Bessemer steel. CO.Mr.U{ATIVE STRENGTH OP DIFFERENT KINDS OF IRON. The >'Xew York Engineer,'" of August ], 1857, in an article on the subject of Lake Superior iron, says: "To show the comparative quality of this iron, we give the result of the various experiments of Professor Walter R. Johnson, on the tensity of bar iron, from localities both at home and abroad." The result of the experiments is shown as follows: Strength per lb. Iron from Salisbury, Ct., by means of 40 trials ^'^""™ '^^l Sweden, by means of 4 trials " " Center Co., Pa., by means of 15 trials Essex (^o., N. Y., by means of 4 trials Lancaster, Pa., by means of 5 trials '" ' ^^ II Russia, by means of 5 trials Carp River, lake Superior, by means of i'trial.'."."."!;^' ".■;;;;;.' SLM.MAUY OF THE IRON PRODUCT. A gentleman familiar with the history ami progress of the iron mines, thus suminanses tlieir products: Beginning with a product from the Jackson mine in 1840 of about 5,000 tons-the only work done in the entire district-there was pro- duced and shipped from the lake Superior iron mines in 1873, over 1,100 Ono tons from over seventy mines then working. The financial panic of that year, .nd the' reduction of price, has since curtailed operations, although under these unfavorable circumstances, and in the third year of financial depression in 1875 tjiere was shipped over 800,000 tons from thirty mines. These figures are additional to the 58.009 58.184 59.400 59.9G2 58.661 70.069 89.582 an.ount used in blast furnaces in the district, and which is included in product pig iron, as follows: l-Mrst product, one fm-nace, 1,027 tons in 1858, representi of iting 66 Statistics of Michigan. 3,200 tons of ore; last reported, 1S74, seventeen furnaces turned out 90,500 tons ot pig iron, the product of 180,000 tons of ore. Tlie total manufacture of pig iron in that district, from 18')H to 1875 inclusive, was 000,000 tons, representing 1,200,000 tons of ore. The total amount of ore shippetl to same date being 8,.'J00,000 tons, mukes th" yield of the district in ore, up to December 1, 1875, as near as maybe, nine and a quarter millions of tons, the value of which, at place of shipment, has been near seventy miUion dollars. PItODUCT OF TIIK DIFFEKENT MINES. The three tables following, show the number of tons of ore shipped from the several mines for tlie years given. Tlie first two are taken from chart XII. accompanying the geological survey, to and including 1872. The figures since then are furnished by Mr. II. B. Tuttlo, of Cleveland, Ohio, .nnd are taken from state- ments published from time to time in the M.arquette Journal. From the same source the facts of the third table are derived, showing the products in gross tons, of mines not reported in 1872: TABLE I. YEAR. i 25,000 447 12,422 10,309 28,377 41,295 12,919 46,0y<) 77,i37 83,!K),5 05, ,505 92,287 127,491 130,524 12.5,908 127,642 132,2i)7 118,842 113,892 105, 6(H) 90,568 •J 1 o c c c3 1 1^ 1 c s o 1'^ li c -A Is 3 1854* 3,000 1,449 6,343 13,204 7,!K)9 15,787 40,091 11,795 40,,364 4»i,842 44,959 33,3.55 42,(i80 75,864 102, 1 12 1(K5, 133 132,884 U2,ti.58 151,724 132,082 108,.58O 133,875 , 66,850 18.56 1856 18.57 1858 4,658 24,668 .33,015 25, 195 37,709 78,976 86,773 .50,201 68,002 1 19,9;i5 1(X5,74.5 12.5,560 166,582 ]58,0).7 185,0/0 l«6,(ifi! 114,07.1 129,339 1859 . . 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 8,000 12,214 ;«,761 43,;W2 4,5,665 71,456 94,809 7(i,381 08,9,50 70,8,82 77,010 70,745 "l9,,5()6 20,151 24,073 46,607 26,651 39,6,94 53,467 3,3,645 35,221 4.3,933 31,526 26,370 1865 4,782 15, 1,50 25,440 :k,757 (13,229 79,762 48,725 38,841 .38,014 28,:t90 9,641 8!»8 68,060 .5,000 3.838 il2 1866 3, 150 9,075 8,2.57 14,148 24,871 33,3;>;» 17, KW 181 2,84;j 4,928 17,,360 21,450 24,2.'i2 t6,437 26,026 31,730 2,849 12,800 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 7,977 2,497 3,702 "l'i;974 2,148 ""3^088 t 6,000 14,,540 23,4.58 13„532 18,684 27,372 3,318 (!67 1875 1,635 Total.... 1,.568,365 1,393,690 1,680,215 673,275 400,838 98,230 107,571 387,731 18,341 110,.500 170,655 * And prior. f Previous to 1869 TABLE II. YEAR. ^5 5 3 e U 1 e is G 1 s K C Republic. ii 1868 6,2.55 7,414 73,101 67,588 70,588 72,782 46,769 57,979 14,.383 37,503 44,793 45,939 39,137 4.8,076 41,403 43,209 1869 "■ 1870 1871 ., 1872 ' 1873 1874 3,469 7,319 ]4,2;jn 33,546 8,242 7,502 4,8(36 15,942 25,030 38,969 2,641 30,407 ],8(i!t 2,921 9,92.5 6,629 '"'4,787 9,154 39,495 20,,507 16,931 4,071 "Y9,'m ,37,1.'{9 45,486 65,318 "is; 44.5 9,328 i87 11,026 105,452 126,956 119,7(S3 1,896 83 6,949 3,764 2,184 28a 1875 987 Total.... 412,536 295,443 74,317 97,85.5 22,271 13,941 84,723 157,003 22,960 363,201 13,179 Mineral Resouhces. TABLE III. NAMK OF MINE. UolliiiK Mill Allen ilurtmiin Klomaii I'ittsbiirKli an (I Liiko Superior.. .Sj)urr MlohlKiimmo Michigan Keystone Himrod 1872. H,707 7,833 1873. ll,.'ll!) .110 21,003 21,408 28,HW! 3,212 10,4-20 2,074 1874. 1875. 36,088 1,3«2 42,0«8 45,204 5,225 10,n4;t 37,800 130' 8,05!) 2;i,(l94 44,703 3,340 NAME OF MINE. Shennngo Cnrr BiiRaley Howell Iloppoek. Knmia (Jril)ben Goodrich Home Teiil Lake....:... Salisbury Kxcelslor 1873. 8,0,18 12,770 l,2.'t!t 7,137 4,.') 17 3,25-( 1,000 1874. 7,,'540 048 .141 000 720 3,1(MI 2, 1.10 2,010 7,4S0 1,005 07 1876. 1,780 2,860 AGOltKGATE SIIIPMKNTS OF KACII MINK. The following table purports to give the shipments of ore, in gross tons, from each mine, from 1850 to 1875, inclusive. It comes through the s.ame chiumel as the later facts given in the last preceding tables. It covers by aggregates the same ground, substantially, that is covered in detail by those tables, but it is reproduced hero for two reasons: First, because there are some discrepancies between the several aggregates, which those interested may be able to reconcile by having their attention called to them; and second, because the one table below mentions some mines and their products that the otlier tables do not. MINKS. Jackson New York Cleveland Lake Superior Champion .. Washington Republic Kloman (Cascade * Baruum Foster S.alisbury T>ake Angeline . Edwards Spurr Michigammi ... Keystone Mc(,,'omber Winthrop Saginaw Goodrich . Rolling Mill... Excelsior Marquette Grand Central. . Iron Mountain . Smith Total iron ore, all grades (irosa Tons. 1.. 507,285 0G9.42G l.:Wfl,708 1,600.320 412,397 384,964 363.261 64,212 80,749 2f)9.G65 105.138 11,810 397,570 108.450 97,095 119,104 18.999 96.170 74.317 167.103 8.138 72.540 4,681 S9.234 22,371 18,341 22,960 MINKS. Pittsburgh and Lake Superior Shenango Albion Carr '..'.'.. Bagaley ] _ lloweiriloppock ! Eninia Home Teal Lake Williams Rowland lllnirod Green Bay Gribben New England Allen ;;;; Magnetic 1 Fuiigerford ] . Parsons Negaimee Mather Franklin Michigan Quartz Stewart Other small mines (irosg Tons. 24,020 10,404 2,228 2,621 6,243 2,205 7,863 3.229 2,610 1,040 2,278 5.074 8,582 4,517 108,990 9,347 78 145 1,896 11,687 2,228 2,007 4,439 3,108 305 39,499 8,555,150 * Now called Palmer. 68 Statistics of Michigan. snii'MKNTS OF no moN. The following were tho totiil sliipinciits of pig iron from the lake Superior district to the close of niivigation, 1876: FU KNACKS, Pionpor Northern . . Collins Michijfiin .. Groonwood Bancroft . . . Morjifim Chain))i()n . . Deer Luke. Fayette (ir08« Tons. 101,381 16,068 43.949 41,H51 40.202 52.316 54,665 31,000 25,139 71,335 FURNACES. Bay Miniising Islipenilng Menominee Cliff Escnnaba Carp Iliver Grace Marquette and Pacific. Total shipments. Orogg Tons. 38,367 22,625 1,150 10.853 6,830 8,r)S0 1,445 11,346 20,790 ♦590,537 * Of which wore shippotl in 1375, 81,753 tons. But six of the above furnaces are now running, one after another having stopped in 1875. , MINKS AND FUUNACICS. All the producing mines are named incidentally in the foregoing tables. The first of the following- tables shows the name and the location by town, range, and section, of the mines in Marquette county producing 5,000 tons and over of ore, in 1875. Tlie other table shows tlie ownership, location, capacity, etc., of furnaces, at the beginning of the present year. rRINCIl'AI- rRODUCINO MINES. MINE- Jaclcson Lake Superior. Cleveland New York Barnum Ha^inaw Lake Angeline Kepublic Champion *VVaslungton.. Edwards *Klonian Spurr Michigamnie . . McComher Boiling Mill... Winthrop Kind of Ore. Bed Specular " " and Soft Hematite a lb 11 u ii u u >. a a Specular and some Magnetic Magnetic chiefly, some Specular. i, it. ii, i, it a n u Specular and Magnetic Magnetic Soft Hematite Town. Itange. 47 27 47 27 47 27 47 27 47 27 47 27 47 27 46 29 48 29 47 29 47 29 46 29 48 31 48 30 47 27 47 27 47 27 .Section. 9, 1 10, 16 10, 11 3 9 19 15 7 31 1,12 2 6 24 19,20 6,7 7 21 * Suei)cnclcd work in 1S75, because of unrcmunerativo prices. Mineral Resouuces. OWNERS. f IronfMlirOo Biiiicroft Iron (!o, . Nortlit'i'ti Iron Co.. Morgan Iron (?<>.... Michigan Iron Co. JuckMon Iron (,'o -{ I). L. Iron and LnmlJorOo. MiinisinK Iron (Jo Hay Fiivtiaci! On , Kscnnalia Iron Co M. & 1'. Itolliiij? Mill Co., Luko Superior Iron Co Carp Illvcr Iron Co.. Meiioininoo Iron Co.. IttOK HMBF.TINU FOnNAf'^EB. Poninsnlar Iron Oo ITnion Iron Co IXit. A L. Sup. Iron Miinf. Co. Wyanilotto ll. M. Co Kureka Iron Co I'iKOon Kiver Iron A Salt Co.. Mich. Ci-ntral Iron Co nanfior Furnace Co Frankfort Iron Co , I.coland Iron Co Elk Itapiils Iron Co TOWN AND COUNTY. Neffaunoe, Marquotto Co. Mar(|uuttu, " " . ? «tate is under a system o/ inspection established LMilybe reauS " "" ''''' ""P^*^'"' ""^^ '^^P""^« '' ^^^ P^^^s GUADES AND QUALITY OF MICHIGAN SALT. radeT- ''''* ^"'"^"'^' ^'''' ^*'*"' '^"'^""'^ ^^ *^^ Inspector according to the following Fine -111 barrels 280 lbs. suitable for general use for all family purpose. One ofT'T . "'?■"'' '''' '"'"■ '""''^^•^ '•"• l'''''^^^*"» --^"^^ ^^"Iking meat and fish. One of the best and purest grades of salt, and branded when coarse, "C Packers C" so^ar salt "'' ^ '"'''" ''" "' "^"''^ '" "" ^''^'^P^^t'^ ^o Onondaga ^eco,u; Q««^% -All salt intended for No. I, of any of the above grades, when for any cause it is condemned by the Inspector, is branded, "Second Quallt;," and sold as such. This salt is good for salting stock, hay, hides etc As to the quality of Michigan salt, the Inspector, in his report for 1872, says: "From all points reached by Michigan salt, we are having the most favorable ofThe west? ^ ' ""'^ '' '' '"^"''^^ ''^"'^ "'' precedence in all the markets ANALYSES OF HKINES AND SALT. The following analyses of Michigan brines from various localities, will show their constit onts: ' Saginaw City, Depth of well 830 ft.— Salonieter 86\ Lime Sulphate 0.098 Calcium Chloride 2.6'1'J Magnesium Cliloride _ . I.OC!) Sodium Chloride 17510 Water 78;g80 '■I'otal 100.000 East Saginaw. Depth of well 806 ft.— Salonieter 80°. Lime Sulphate O.lolG Calcium Cliloride 2.'2fiGo Magnesium CJhlorlde 0.9029 Sodium Chloride 10.8639 "^^'ater 79.7554 'I'otal 100.0000 Mineral Resources. 71 Bangor Salt Company, Banks, Bay Co. Depth of well 774 ft.— Saloineter 95°. Lime Siuphnte 0.0722 (Jaleinm Chloritlo 2.9611 Majjiiosiurii Chloride 1.2612 Sodium Chloride 19.8545 Water. 75.8460 ]Vhite Bock, Huron Co. Depth of ^vell 575 ft.— Salometer 82°. Lime Sulphate 0.2623 Calcium (Jhloride '__[_ 0.5373 Magnesium Chloride ." 0.4100 Sodium Chloride 18!9134 Water 79,"9764 1'otal 100.0000 Analysis of Michigan Fine Salt. Chloride Sodium 97.288 " Calcium ] o!329 '; Magnesium 0.340 Sulphate Lime 0.697 Moisture " L300 Insoluble matter ....I o!o4C Total 100.0000 East Tnwas, Iosco Co. Lime Sulphate 0.0350 Calcium Chloride 3!4843 Magnesium Chloride '_ 1/2433 Sodium Chloride 15(5141 Water 79!g233 Total 100.0000 Total 100.000 The last table shows the chemical constituents of Michigan flue salt, as distinct from the analyses of brines. The analyses of brines was made by Prof C A Goesmann Ph. D., of Amherst, Massachusetts, with the view of ascertaining their' commcrcal value The analysis discloses traces of iron and bromine, a-.d com- pounds of potassnun. SALT PRODUCT FOIl A SERIES OP YEARS. The annual salt product of the State from 1800 to 1875, both inclusive, was in barrels, as follows: 1800. 4,000; 1801, 125,000; 1802, 243.000; 1863. 466 356- 1864 Sn-n' !^S?'f"'^°^' 18G6,407,OV;; 1867,474,721; 1868,555,690; 1869, 509.688; 1870! 028,9.9; 1871,732,437; 1872,724,481; 1873,823,346; 1874,1,026,979; 1875,1,081,805. MECHANICAL AND CHEMICAL VALLE OF SALT REFUSE. Bromine can be separated from the magnesia, with which it is combined, and is now very extensively used in the arts and in pharmacy, as a basis for a large nu.nber of bromine salts, such as bromide of ammonium, bromide of cadmium bro- mule of iron and bromide of silver, nmch used in photography. Bromide of cal- n"'" .'I'nLn'?.'"'''*' ""^ ^'°^''''"'' ^'^^^ ''*'•'''»"' ^'^'y ^-^l»'^We medicinal remedies. Over 130,000 lbs bromine are produced in the United States, from the preparation ot the above salts. Bromine itself is a very valuable disinfectant, and is lar<-ely used in the army hospitn' in the treatment of gangrene, etc. " Chlori'''«kB, mon, bufflsh, and white briS^^^'lo ^ ^i' f produc.ng, in dilferent localities, com- hydraulic limestone, ^ton^f^^^^rnf Z'dl'.tt' T^ ""-'T' '''' "^""''^''^ materials, are gritstones hone^to,.-/ ,n?i' I "^ " ^'•"""''"S »'«' polishing rials, the grauL, sya^itelXi :^.Sl': f ;;? t^^^!' ^-.'^»"<^i". mat^ nounced equal to any in the worbl- nfc!, J ' , ^^P'^'' ^^emnsula, are pro- blui-sh and gray, buffls Ind Thi kh f. !" ' ' "'' ^^«^™' ^-^^'^I'^^h, and mottled, sand and grave, a.rborilrT rir'^'r "''; ?'"' '^""'"^'-'^ted ; also, limestones mottled, and cor'alli,; ' ^^.Tter Z^ZTu 1'"^'''' •'''' ""•'^^^' ^^^^""^ jasper, chalcedony, chrVsocalL Id^^ttram s e 't^ " T''' " ""'"'''^ both in spontaneous snrin-s vnd bv nr • , • """'^''"^ '^^^ers, found State, are classified as sXt crbol't ed ^^1^ 7"^' '? ''^"""* P'^''^^ «^ ^^e «ses, lithograpl^ stones, statioT ^J^ S S^ ^^ar/lllm^r ""^^"^ 74 Statistics ov Mrcni«AN. \ X. FISHERIES. Tl.o insular positl,,,, of Mlchijjn.i, :v.ul ils lar^r,. „„„,i„.r of intn-ior lukox «.iff. gcst tlio flshino; i„tcn-,st ns ono of its pron.iiicni. f.-nUircH. Kisli nilliiir .o fur a.s tho Imti'liin.,' aixl doposilioi. of tho yonn;,' llshns is conwrnod, Invs ll.s pla,-,. ainoiur tl.o nn'ognizotl inodi.n. arfn. To wliit ,.xt<-n1; tl.o lIsl.e.H (l....s .l.-posilo ay roach inatiirif,y,80 as to bo of vali.o, is poil.aps yoi, i„ (i„, real... ..f .xp.Mi.iKM.I, but it is !moxporii.,o..tul.i..h tl.o Staloof Mi..I.io;a„ is >.ivi„^r a tl...n>u-l. trial (l.n.uKl. hor llsl. coi.iiuissi„:i. II.M- ii.lai.il lakes, tho i..„st of ll.o..., aiv .Mp.al to Uio jj.-oat lakos on hor bordoi's for.l.'i.th a...l oloan.oss, ui.s, j.a-o ;! of appendix to report of lii.itod Ntiitos Coinn.issioi. of Fish and Fisheries, IST^-Tt, says: "The llshorios of tl.o hikes are an ind..strial interest of la.-o extent and conshlerahlo co.n.nerci.il val.ie, of wh.ch l.ttle is known oxcei)t ar.ion^r (i,ose dii-octly into.-osted * ♦ * Thoufjh tl.o risks an.] ....certainties of this vocatio.. make Vl.o yea.-ly incon.o very variable, tho invostn.e.its of llshor.non in their stocks are rp.ito respectable sums and compare favorably with tl.o fannino; com.....nities, bein- all the way f.-on. mo to 120,000, their sales .•eachh.s in some instances as hi^r], as $7,000 from their own nets. Th.s nteis to those men only who actually superintend their ow.i llshorios A lew dealers who f..r..ish the nets on shores sell live or six times as much iu a year." < UMTAI, INVKSTKI> AXI) MI.N K MIM.OVKD. Mr. Milner ;^ivo: he foUowino; schcdulo of investments in tishino- stocks on lake Michigan ill I ^...: 281 i.o....,l-nots avc-ao:.; value r.OO §1^0,500 ■,,i '-:■'"'*'*' '/'■'^■.V I-..!,'-," avoraf,^', vah.e 1)1725 7;{ i)5o .48 ^nll-..ets. '-l.nht rigs," average value $225 7^ ;{00 08 boats, avc.-ag.i value $500. ... 40 000 :W8 ]Macki.iaw boats, avcagc value $100 'J4 800 M:t ]><"iii«l-iiot ])oats, average val. 10 $50 - --- ^,^^^^^ KH) anchor boats, avc.-ago 'value $25 2'r)00 4 stea... lishing boats, average val.ie $1,800 7200 1 sohoonor .jVqq 500 sl.ant ios. average vdiio $50 "5 000 100 ice houses, avcago value $100 .."!"!!.'"!.". lOOOO Total of llsl.ing ii.vest.nent ^4j] 400 FiSIIKRTES. rs Th(> number of n working,' capiliil at 9 'I'lK ..n^..M.p,oyo.l IH stat«,l In rou.u, „..,„„crs at 2,000, an.l the ^^ Uy two-tnir,.s of the ,.....„ ,..ton.t' o„ iL 'IZ:.^: II the tiiiiio oHtimato troH 111 thn Htato of AMOUNT AND KINDS OK kisu f;^KKN po,:^„r!i::^s:::;;jr;;;:r;;i;;;::f • -"■■' "' "■" " "•■ •^n-..™,,. ♦Ifiinl fixh, pounds tSoft nsh, '• I.'t,fi40,(>27 JMixcdlish, " . 2,;)87,808 I'iikc hciiinn:, iioiiiHlH.. 1,153,205 Htm>;(.(.ii, " 4,122,021 ^^alt llHh, imiiiulM . ' " 715,017 io,i'jy,800 »..mni;;;\:;"i::;:,;!j';;;;;:,;t,,/r,,r;v™ ' "•" -'""■' - r^-o .» riSIIINC} AT r|£A\l) I/AVK\. •ago 270 days per .season, and Iho sail ))oats 220. itotlsh anrl trout, avoni-iu- about as follows: Tho fish takon are clih-dy whi 5 «( earners, 125,000 Jlis. each « sail l)oats, 70,000 JIjs. caoli 025.000 500,000 Total. .. ■ — ,,,, "" 1,185,000 pool flsh. Ao;g,-eg;ito values stated: made from the offal and 1.1.S5.000 Ihs. fish, 4(! 10,000 gallons oil, at sav"55e $-17,400 00 ' 5,500 00 Total i)er season r,,,,„ fl, """" 952,000 00 accessible markets. * Tno.liido.s wall whito fish, and ■ >t: 76 Statistics of Michigan. li f SA(;i\AW AND VICINITV. Tho catch of the flshorics of tUa, & .„t <''^'^«^S ItKl-OUT OF FISHERIES. Ino State census ronort for iS7- 0"^ Ann winter's trade. The same fir n ufnl he ' " '""?" "*' ''^' ""' *"" «"eceedinff about fifteen tons of fresh wh tefl ' :fd o. t "'Th "r!^""""' ^''^'""''^ --"^^^ having the entrails removed, and are Ikod and /. '" "''" "'■''^^^''' "« '"'''■ ^« portable ice boxes. In Petroit river nT *' •'"''Parted for long distances in trade by means of pens or "poun ,1" iJSl '"f ""^ '' '"'"^ '" ^"« -"itefish stakes into the bed of the rivers ffleionthfose to f ""'T'""^ '"'^^'« "^^^ "''""^ with openings into which the flsh run vn? "'"'''""^ '''" '"'^'^P« «f ««!>, bul fall Of the year. By this mea.t lu" ar "l, eT" '"'^f/'^V' P--.- - the a demand for them during the winter aTZ '^•' '^''^'''' "« *here may be annually secured, places the mni; lu ictooo "m^'ir^fl"?'" "' ^^'^ "^^^ "'"« cities east, west, and south. ' ^"^ ^^' '''"' -i ready market in FISH CULTURE AND PROTECTION not™y';srst:;^trt;^So'fn:"^^^'^^-''^^^^^ ^^-^ -^^h some protect them from needless wa^te "'' ""^ P''"^'"^'^ "'^ "'e flsheries and THK STATE FISH COMMISSION. miss^:?^^^t::.:n;r^^:;:' jtr;T^ '-t --^^-^ ^ -^-^ of com. 600 for each of the years ISra'^and 7/ At^ e T'^' '^ "^'^ "PPropriated 57, was made $7,000 per year for th and the L,n '''" ""^ ''"' '''' appropriatio^ the Board ^omewlut changed T^ 2!'^ .7'% '''"' ""' "'^ ^-"«^itution of Governor, Hon. John J. Barley Mi V~o frst organized consisted of the and Mr. George If. Jerome, o Nile r?t,^"^^ Ecorse, in Wayne county, ofllon. Eli R. Miller, of Rid,lamlK;hnra.oLrrT,"'^'"'''''' ""^ ^""^''^ ^^"^'^ts and Mr. Andrew J. kollogg, of d ; « "" w^rr ntendent. The expendifSes we,^ I '. 873 4 ^-CL? ■' ^"''''''^ ^"^' ^''P^- - 1875-., t.r the greater part of U.e Kal^^ -c^'S^;.; J3;^'^J;^:'- «^^ -^ PROPAGATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF FISH. '^^^:^;^i>^z^i^^ i^=r jr=r'- - •Saginaw Courier review of the business of tUe Vall";;;^ Watkr Poweu. 77 Atlantic Hiilnion Oalifoinlii «alinoii LaiKi-lockeil salmon Shad. Whiteflsh. Totals * Approximately. 1873-4. 220,000 80,000 210,666' *l,7f>0,000 1874-5. 700,0(K) .'i.OOO 2().').(K)0 2,700,000 2,200,000 3,058,000 1878-8. 800,000 18,000 8,500,666 9,318,000 roS.^,^n*Car:;4^^rr-ot;f""-"T" r^ ^^^^ "^'^^^'-'-" -e at sni.i,li,.,s that go to .nalo nn ho f , '"'' ''*'"' ^'"'" "^*''^"*'" '"««* «f the inirchasc, fro„routsir Th^ttwrtirMs': r7\'^^ ^""'^ ^-« ^-" i"I'"'" lakes and the oonnoctinra .li j'':f;'''"' ^"'"f ^^'^ ^'""^-' of the tho..e pa,t.s of tho State where ex ■ « on of S. l'"' "" '"'■"*'""" ^"'"^ ^" first to occnr. exnaiistion of the native stock of ftshes is likely l-UOTECTIOX AND PRKSERVATION OF PISH. -u,. .,..,., ,.„„ .',. c„r;:;;:;r.;:z;:,':';v,i';; ct:;-rr."-'* XT. WATER POWEH. country that is no't wate";/ a 'a^ i.' Id It TT' ""if"- ^ '•^^'"" «^ watered is snl.joct to dron-hts th.t ...n.- •? , ^"'" "''^^ is insnffleiently i-nity of lar^e bodies o S r .o n-es tZ' n'n J '7'''''''' '''"''''^- '"'^^ P-^' prodnotivenoss. The permeUion W . 7 ''"""''" ^""'"t'""'^ and to ensure to a country what t,.o' ^e j " - en? s'";:^^: ""\^""^"^'- '-^"^ «^ -'^t-^ i« graphic features. Michl-ran is ■ t nli •. • ?""""^ economy. I„ i,s hydro- r-Uion with reference t e I, T 1 S: ^'1 "f """"^ ''^ "'^•^''••^- "" '-".1 waters, with re^renee to I^^aul^ t?::e::rr:;;; tlCSL.'^ "''' '" 78 r SrATrsTrcs or Micukjan. Tin; avat?:k smkds. I'irsl. as toll.osnnunil I.-vHs, „ hi..|, ..„•,. ..ssn.li.l ■•.. M„nvin« tl,. .losn-i.t of the n.an.H ,...anl ,I.o ,■,•..:„ h.K.s on ..in.,.,, si • „... ......insula In ,. ., trm^ -n.y ...saul ,l.a. in „... ,„„.„. „..„i„s„la. ,1... wa,..,s ,,.... ..as.war.I . iZs' A (lc|ir( ion, liowcvi'i', cxIcnilH hrio an.lllnn.n, an.l w..s(wa.-.l ... lak.- Mi.l.i^a... .. ,H.,,n.ss„.n. howcv..,' .. from Saginaw Imy sont|,w..stuanlly (.. Uuuul Ilav<.n. (o.n.inK H... vaii.'v.s ^ Sa^Hnau a,-, (..-an.i |{iv..rs. a.nl .l.awinn- „. i, ,v,.n, ,|„. .....■(l.wani .nui MM.thwuni ho .ontln..n,s ,., ,i,os,. .Iv..,-. AI„n^^ .Lis .l,.pn.ssi..n Hn- lan.l ..l.-vali-.n .......s m.M on.. l.nn.nMl t.. (wo l.,,,,.!,-.,! f.-.f al.ov. II... 1..V..1 ..f ,l„. ,val,.,s „r lak... ant! linn "" Ml,..lj;a.., an.iirnn..,, uiiii,. n„r(l. an.l s,.n(l. ol i( (ho olovadons aiv ,nn.l, LiHi.T n.ark.n;;- as „,o|, as ,.|,.v,.„ i,,,,,,!,,.,! (;.,.( „n (1,,. Ii„,. l,,(w,.,.n ()(s,.o-.. an.i An^r'.n' ooun(i..s. an.l ov..,- six Innnhv.l (•....( a, (,f . .„• .1....... ,...in.s r, IliTls.la ,nn(y. I^Tw!!< ", •"•";' "'"';';'""^- ''"^ ""•>■ i".ll.a(..as.,.ll..i,.n( „,..an Hovadou* fbrm- or fall (.11- null pnijioscs. ' 1>ISTI{IHI TION OF WATKU I'OV.KK. I( ^^.n.l.l IM. In,,u..>ihl,.. ,vi.l,.M,(, v.,.y .,...a( lal...r. (., ,.inn.„.,.a(.. all of (1„. rlv- .>rs o. .Mu.|„^an .Mai Cnn.lsh l.y.ln.nli.. ,,.,«..>•. Tl.os-. .iv..,. h..low a,-,. .aU,.,, (V..m .0 -na,, hy ...ll.nv.n.u- t*.- .oas. lin... M,.,.,. „,-i...ly ln(..,i.„- ,iv..,s an.l ,.n...ks "'•«> ;"v .1... .■..n.lnon.s .,.• ,1...... „„„,.l. a.-, .V.n.. .I,..ir si/., an.i ..a,.a..|(v. ,.,,nallv' '•"""'■'' ><• ■"'•I'Mon. X.,,. is ..,.,1,... a.v.ra.y ..lain.o.l as (., poinis (.mk'i....1 n,,on. Tin; i;ami;hn and noui.ii.ijn si..*!-.:. S.ar.in.ij (V..in .1... s.,nih..as| ...„•„,.,• ..f .1,,. Slat,., nv hav.. th,. ,iv,.r Kaisln Im, ^,..^^,.on M ayn.. an,l Mo..r.... ..onn.i,.s: .1... Kon^M., ...np.vln- in(o l),.tn,i( .-iv,,,- a short ,l.stan,.o l„.low l),.(,-oi(: .1.." (Minion. s,.,.kin- lak,- SI. Claii- l.v wav of Monnt Clo.m.ns; ,h.> Hla,.k .-iv,.,-. n.a,.hin,,- lak,. H,„.,>n a. or n,.ar J'orf Iln,..,„: .ho ^Vi l.nvan.l I ar.n.lu;,. rixvrs. n.a,.h!no- .h,. san.,. on.l,.r n..ar tl.,. no.-.h..,-,. ..xnrn.i.v of Huron ,.,mn.y, and (ho Vmo rivor, r..a.hin,u Sa,s,Muaw l.av noar i'oint au Sauhl,". Directing .he ,.yo on tho niaj. (o Sa-inaw ..onnty, wo (in.l .1,. ('ass Flint Shi'i- wassoe, Bad a.ul Tl..al.awassoo rivors ..onv,.rf,Mns to lorn, (ho Saginaw, an,l\l,-ali,- ing tho Sag.naw Vall.y as hy a ci,rl,. drawn iron, northoast to northwost. with tho cty,.f sag.naw for its approximate oonfr. tho Sa-inau- rivor .lohon.hin-r i,„o Sag.naw bay. Passing np tho hay, wc lh,d (ho P otato. Saganin. I'ino, Jti.h., an.l » Estimated by Iliggius to be 100 feet above the lake level. ~~ ~ Watkii Powicn. 71> All (;rcM rivers, |||,, |.,( tli( 'I'l nor flo Tin; wi:sT|.:i(N am. nui!iiii;iin hi.uv'.:. ..--i :i.c:;;;';;r:;:/:;,;:;:';:;^n;::;;,- -i 'l;-;^ ;-r,.wi. :- ^i;™:- :::;:: iz:!zzi:i t:;;r P' ' ' }- -■" -- -: •I'"". «iiHl (1... thinl at (.,i,„„„ ,.^, ",,""', ""'■''"• "'" ^"'••""1 "' AiiiHtrr- .-...•. an.i M,;u!.u niriiii;::;; ';;: ! ji^^:;:::; ;^?-;:; '' ";';';•"; 'r'^'":'" '^""^^'- '' ""■•" •"• '"'..Mila.dirln., ..stal]i.l.,n..n|. in 1 S, . ^Z , .' ''■^' ^''- •'"'^ «iv<- will, sl.ain woul,iiMrn...Mli,. ni, I r ,.. "'" /^■""•'- '^ ..mm! i„ ..onnrrr ion '•"■ '<"'" '"• •'-• "s..., ist;;;:::;;;,r'':'t^'''"' .:^'!;';''-'''^-'^^ n'^ "••"••In/r and saw mills, of «l,i,.hn..r,. -v , '" 'M"c.-nin..(l indmlcH In U^aslunnuv ..o..„,, Vi ..s.a.llisimH.,. ""'"nn-r .mi •„.. of „.. latt.-r. otluTM o|.,.ral.Mi l,yuat.-r in pail, jrivi. •'".".""- """■'■' ^^'"^ "vo ar<' siti.atc(i on (he Huron river, '11%-!': lanir, if nifusiircd |,y a s(rai^ri,(, li,„. „f .■onrso of (1... stream uonid ^.ive a mn..h ^n enau-, 11,,. Ji„n.n doo.s Hcrvice in Oaklaml coumv, , re it r-ivin-stoii, ami la Wayiu, ooimtv after Ic'ivin.. w,... , 55 cstabllslunoiits „«, wa cm- no vo hi. . ^^' ■'■'"■"•■^"- '" Oaklaml county, iruroM rivers. FCent eo m, v 1 4 u- '"'":" *"'""^' ''^ "'" <'""<^"- ••'•" are in ,1... d. v of (;ram 1 ,^, ^ " , Tr'"' '''T'T''''' '"'"'■"^^'' "^ ^^' '^^ 2« .'Htabll.hnients in whi ^ U e mi ' ,'" "T ' "'"'" " •"'-•"•-'•••■ """"-r of l-s than twenty IK.r ■' . o 1 " ^'h '"''^ "•""^'""" I"-"'>"-"'ly not 52 water powe/eJtablish!;.,:; ' f": :;« ';^:rrv' '' '''''"'''' ^ '-'"^ distance of about as many mil •« '1 Kaiania.oo river within a llshinents, of which ov 7;;o ' ^m o d '"''; ^?^'''■'' '' "'''^"'- P^^^'^'" •'«'••*'> twenty-oiffht .•o.ntie.s c on titn i„^\h "' ?.'' "" ^'"'••""'•'^«" "ver. T„ the power esubiishinent. n^ir^t^i ^';;:!;;;;rt:; M^r^y'^/''''"'^-' ^' -^- Htate. These figures are not exhit.if,.,! f V ^'''"^"''•'' "* ♦''« <'"nre for the particular localities but to slmw ti,„ 1 • • PO^Pose of ^Mving proniiiionce to «..c„ . ,„„ ... ,« ;::.!-,:; ;;;:r;s r^:^ ■;;,;;:;;;. -: - - ^t Of this iminher ahoiit liO «lreani, and within a dis- w<.nty miles, although tho '. Before eiiteriiig Wash- it' It takes its rise, and in 80 Statistics of Miciiioan. THB POWKB PEHrKTUAL. reservoir, to keep „p ,1 1 ,,?,;',"" "7 T'-'"""'' ""' """>• """ " xri. manctfaotures. of localities witl. ^l^rTle w it r is f^'..M "T f "^■'^""'•«''^^'^''«« f«'" a "-.bcr hek„ ;r-othereo„„,le." "^ "°'' """ ""' "='""' •«e"S«t«1 -ler the ineluced dairy p,-oO„;« eWer!',,"™, et* °"'""'«""' ""*' " Agr-eulfue •■ I, M xNUPACTURES. 81 UTATK AND COUNTIES. FT^OURfNG MILLH, AND FLOUR MANUFACTURE'^. !'owx» Ukd. State . goO us Aleoiui . Allojriin Alpena . Aiitiini Bnrry . Bay...... Benzlo Berrien Branch Calhoun Ca88 Charlevoix. . Cheboygan.. Clinton .... Eaton GeneHce .... Or. Travt'i'so Oratiot Hillsdale. .. Huron Ingham Ionia Iosco Isabella . . . Jaclcson Kalamazoo Kent Lapeer liPelanaw Lenawee Livingston... Macomb Manistee Mason Mecosta Monroe Montcalm Muskegon ... Newaygo ... ., Oalilanil. Oceana Osceola ... Ottawa [ -Saginaw.. ...[ Sanilac Shiawassee St. Clair '_ St. Joseph Tuscola Van Bm-en .... Washtenaw Wayne Wexbrd... IG 14 1,764 .?7,037,C02 1,489 5,000 107.000 2,fi»M) 38,000 89,000 50,000 0,000 197,000 113.200 337,000 100,000 3,000 8,000 70,000 120,000 175,500 24.000 17.000 1(;5,700 24,000 ]«3,4C0 204,500 2,000 19,000 319,400 203,000 418,800 107,200 9,700 278,500 143,500 100,000 21,000 5,000 48,000 102,500 115,500 80,000 17,000 291,500 29,002 0,000 G5,000 194,000 41.100 184,500 59.500 201,000 59.500 136,000 257,000 1,305,000 0,500 1 47 1 5 35 7 3 05 30 72 39 1 2 25 31 41 5 10 55 8 30 50 2 71 in GO 39 5 C8 38 1 321 5 2! 10 3G 21 10 8 93 10 2 14 21 14 22 31 58 18 42 C5 07 2 »G,610 225 5,450 55,9«0 18,100 300 134.054 32,215 120,')33 48,!)(H) :^;,0 G50 28.480 'JG.940 2,200 8,000 13,200 7G.12G 3,800 60,271 C2,800 fc,lGO 173,700 138,000 159.?riO C0,550 2.700 91,032 32,200 5C,750 1,900 8,400 54,675 38,610 54,100 10.220 140.100 14.200 1,548 17,000 50,400 8.350 42,450 18,800 103.381 17.512 43,075 137,f-00 248,2:M 200 0,000 682.090 2,250 36.200 400,800 170,800 3,600 834,354 237.306 1,063,731 431,500 2,400 4.000 220.034 236.r)40 500,010 71,000 80,400 567,292 22.000 388,765 431.300 15,000 68,260 1,577,560 891,250 1,339.025 427,775 20,000 655,800 217,300 435.000 20,500 69,000 323,590 317.680 408,000 54,800 067,400 108,600 9.000 147,500 485,750 65.442 284.800 135,500 675.054 151.100 3; --oo 1.0.-2.000 2,514.(20 3,(0>> 82 Statistics of Michigan. COUNTIES. Allegan Alijemi Bay Berrion Ciillioiin Cliebo.vg.m.. Clinton Enton Genesee Gratiot Hillsdale.... Houglitoii .. . Infcham Ionia Jackson Kalamazoo . . Kent Lapeer Total, State. >L\NUFACTITKES BY COUXTIES. FOUNDKIKS AND MACIIINK SiJlOl'S. * i c Ciiiiit;il In. VhIhc (if ^ vosti'd. I'rcpiliut. 2 *28,000 $.'i,000 2 1 1,(X)0 20,00C 1 8,'i,7H9 15H,273 4 29,()00 14,500 (i 030,500 71H,80O 2 10,000 5,000 7,500 0,000 J> 23,000 ,')2,0(»0 V M),300 177,2(H) 2 11,000 i;i,500 J 10,000 20,000 100,000 i:t5,(«K) 6 54,000 2!1,(K)0 H 70,000 1 10,0(J0 11«,(H)0 15S,000 4 10,,'K)0 H,200 !) 212,700 .'iOO.OOO :! 21,000 50,000 COUNTIKS. Lenawee Livinffiston Manistee Marquette Mecosta _ Monroe (Jaliland Oceana Ottawa Saorinaw.. .... ! Sanilac Sliiawassee. . ! St. Clair St. ,l,J.SOl)ll Tuscola Waslitenaw Wayne Other counlie.i. s 1 3 6 1 4 S 5 ,1 5 28 7 Capital In V08te,000 1 19,000 24,000 11,000 2!),,50O 8,3(K) .^5,000 2!l,,500 03,,500 110,000 $5,700 115,000 7,000 20,.500 14,5,000 48,500 11,800 2(i,000 11,000 fti.OOO 19,700 201,000 225,000 Kent Lapeer Lenawee Livingston Manistee Montcalm.. .. O.ikland Ottawa St. .losepli Wa.'^htenaw Wayne Other counties. 5 $102,000 $220,000 1 15,000 20,000 3 40,000 44,000 4 9,000 10,500 5 14,250 12,000 1 15,000 15,000 t> 28,800 2i"),700 2 ;t;!,ooo 25,000 3 30,000 ;»,ooo 1 60,000 00,000 2 14,000 20,000 I 1,000 400 Total, State. Id. $002,700; $1,400,400 Manufactures. COUNTIKS. I-I.AK,NO ^yo Tt-HKmO MILLS. ANn 8A8,r, DO„H. AND BLIND FACTOKIKK AUcKnii Alpcnu Barry Bay Benzie Berrien Branch Calhoun Cass Cheboygan. Delta Katon (Senesee ... Hillsdale... Injfham Ionia Iosco ... Jackson Kalamazoo ., Kent _ Ivapeer 4 r, 1 7 7 R 3 2 1 12 10 3 3 (! Lenawee ..........J u t'a|)itnl Iiivcsteil. $44,000 0,000 22,200 173,000 5,000 fi!),000 4S,fl00 14 000 12,000 10,000 111,500 3«(;,400 25,500 itO,000 43,000 7,000 39,500 112,200 43B,000 30,500 127,500 Total, State. Yiihie (if I'loduct. $48,881 18,000 36,000 723,000 4,000 201,275 40,400 5!»,500 3,".,000 4,000 25,000 340,600 254,iKK) 11,000 119,000 68,500 10,0(K) 92,900 145,000 560,000 66,800 183,000 COUNTIES. Osceola . Ottawa Saginaw Stiiawasse*). St. Clair.... St. Josej)h.. Tuscola. V'anBiiren Washtenaw. Wayne Other counties. Sfacomb JIanistee Mason .1'..... Mecosta ..__ Monroe. ._ Montcalm ....'.'.^^^ Muekegou I Newaygo . Oaklaiul , ^ Oceana [" j 2 237 Ciipltnl Inypsttd. $21,500 2.i,.500 8,000 .•15,000 31,600 93,5m) 50,000 6,000 12,5(H) 6,400 8,000 • iS.OOO 92,000 33.200 34;00O .55,000 18,i)00 38,000 01,000 4.50,000 24, 100 $2,975,700 83 Value of I'nKliict. $36,000 13,800 74,000 12.i,00(> 110,100 101,000 10,000 11,000 5,,^0O 15,000 36,500 186,000 44,000 57,;i0(> 4S,000 .34,175 45,000 ];«»,ooo 9!»4,!«K> 37,500 $5,174,621 1 rUNIlIJiiK AND OIIAIR FACTORIES. Allegan Harry Berrien ,[ Branch Calhoun "" (Jass (,'linton (icnesee (iratiot . IliUsilale '..''_'.'. Houghton Ingham .Jackson Kent 4 $50,000 .'l 9,.'iOfl 6 140,(XH) 4 25,000 30,200 2 10,(K)0 70,200 7, ,500 1 8,000 3 91,500 1 5,000 4 60,,50O S 2.5,400 10 918,500 $48,000 3,800 12l,.5flO 30,000 02,,500 12,.500 .50,401 7,000 4,000 144,.500 8,(K)0 22,000 125,400 1, 180,000 I T-ajiPcr 1 I.enawee ^[I : Mecosta '" Monroe Muskegon.. Oakland ."..' Sliiawassee St. Clair .".""V .] St. Joseph Tuscola Washtenaw Wayne Other c.iiinties 10 $.5,000 44,000 10,000 10,000 10,500 10,000 51,200 9,.50O 2'0,30O| 17,000; 27„5(H)| 474,000 18,400 $8,000 60,000' 12,000 20,000 20,000 16,000 121,000 16,,50O .3.1,000 2;i,20O 82,000 375,000 2i">,450 IIAUUBL, KEG, PAIL, T.B, AND UI.M-AVOUK FAfTOKU lierripn... Hranch ... Calhoun .. Katon Conesoe .. Hillsdale. Ingham... Iosco Jackson .. Total, State. $29,000 6,2.50 11,0.50 ;t5,ooo 10,100 7,000 5,,500 10,000 1.5,140 $.52,000 16,700 37,200 120,000 2-4,300 11,800 4,(X)0 20,000 50,000 Kent Lenawee .' Livingston .. .Saginaw St. Joseph Washtenaw Wayne Other counties. 00! $181,800 $I.S!»,9,'!S 10,.50O 41,800 8,000 15,000 125, (KM) 60,000 6,500 .1,000 5,000 22,000 4.59,000 250,000 13,900 36,400 !f944,740 S800,63S r3»5 84 Statistics of Michigan. DIIRWEIUKH. COUNTIES. 'A 4 7 1 2 .'i 1 G 1 3 4 1 3 4 4 Cupltttl InvcHti'd. Vahio of Product Allogan 1-5,700 5;t,300 5,000 7,000 7,000 5,000 .12,000 7,000 10S,00() 1^,500 12,000 40,600 23,000 130,300 niiy $37,000 3,300 7,600 ll,(>l(i 15,000 20,930 7,300 100,300 14,200 13,500 4it,413 .32,000 13»,0SO Branch ('itllioiin (Ulnton Eiitoii (lonesoo HilUilalo : "■ lloiifrbtou Ingham Ionia JackHon Kalamazoo Kent Total, State. COUNTIES. Kowoenaw I^cniiwoo Macomh Mannietto Mason Mcnominoo Monroe Ottawa Saginaw Shiawassee St. Clair Washtenaw.... Wayne Other counties. Oiipltal In- VfHtlHi, 3 4 4 1 1 3 3 14 2 H 24 24 14S $6,000 30,000 i;,700 01,000 20,000' 9,000 44,.50O 8,300 loi,;«)o 13,000 31,000 34,800 88,3,700 43,000 $1,802,900 Vnhio of Product $1.3,230 24,000 15,880 128,270 10,000 13,000 27,000 9,900 1.38,405 10,000 65,500 90,500 840,118 64,440 $1,931,992 WOOr.EN ANI> COTTON FACTORIES. i Allejfan .. Cass Katon <.ienesee.. «Jr.itlot .. Ilillsilalo. Ingham.. . Ionia Lenawee. Total, State. 1 $20,000 3 2.3,000 1 5,(KK) 3 110,000 1 8,000 3 209,620 1 30,000 3 4.'),(K)0 2 108,000 $10,000 23,.500 4,o6o I5;),ooo 6,000 13!>,0(W 2j-),()00 60,000 107,610 Macomb Montcalm Oakland St. (^air St. .Joseph Tuscola Van Huron Washtenaw Other counties. $12,000 8,000 61, (MM) 2!t,0(M) .■12,0(M) l.').(MM) 6,000 31,000 8,M00 WOOD FArCET, CLOTIIES-l'IN, AND WOODEN-WAIIK FACTOUIES. Allegan.. Bay Uoirien... Cass Clinton... Kiton Hillsdale. Total, State. $.5,700 62,000 57,000 4,000 7,000 2.5,000 8,000 $5,000 84,0(K) 109,000 50,000 7,947 23,000 9,400 Ionia Kalamazoo Kent I.enaweo Tuscola Wayne Other counties $8„500 40,(MM) 73,5(M) 11,,500 5,000 17,(MM) 8,500 $10,000 10,000 70,621 14,068 8,000 2.5,000 5,28(i 19„500 9,200 $699,788 $io,.5no 3,.50O 92,000 30,000 4,000 4.5,000 18,0C0 $491,347 nniCK AND TILK MANIFACTOUIES. Ingham.. Jackson .. Kent J.enawee. Midland.. Ottawa... Total, State. $43,000 .30,000 ia5,ooo 0,000 5,000 20,000 $81,000 28,000 92,000 4,500 .3,500 24,000 Saginaw St. Clair St. Joseph , Van Uurcn Wavno Other counties. 47 $41,000 JfiO.OOO 40,540 48,,5flO 6,300 8,400 14,500 19,000 173„500 215,800 13,(i00 32,600 $300,440 $626,200 Manufactures. n. Vnliio of I'roduct, 100 $13,290 KJO 21,000 00 m.sso 1' Musical ishboard factories. instrument factories Ship building establishments Saddle, liarness, and trunk ''actories' ■Boot and siioe factories. Clothing mamifacturino establishments Whole No. 1 1 2 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 29 9 4 12 23 4 12 55 69 19 Capital InTeated. . * Wnvne ooiinty was not reported nt nil $1,jOO,000. ThLs .8 cx -l"-"">0" and STATK AND COl'.NTIKS. State . . Alcona . Allegan Alpena . Antrim Barry Bay..;; Benzie.. Berrit 11 . Branch Calhoun I'owEii Used. Stciun. 4,292 6 116 29 9 71 107 15 VM 102 100 2,471 3 53 19 Water. 1,004 52 24 36 00 (1 1 79 40 60 20 27 44 <'ai)itnl Iiivpsted. §73,893,428 87,000 925,650 540,500 352,600 294,530 4,678,089 349,700 1.177,750 502,650 1,612,250 Vuliio of I'roduct. «1 22,901 ,202 159,600 1.900,242 1,381,500 468,390 764,920 7,098,215 269,100 2,303,359 851,277 2,744,831 88 Statistics of Michigan. OENKRVI- HUMM.VKY FOR THE STATK.-Continuki). HTATK AM) Oass ('Iiurlovoix . . (■hohoyfraii .. Chi|)IM>vva ... Clan. Clinton Dpltii Eiito'i (ioncsee . . . . Or. Tniverse . Gratiot HUlsdalo iroiigiitoii Huron Ingham Ionia losoo Isabella •Tiiokson Kalamazoo .. Kalkaska Kent Keweenaw . . . I/Uke I^apeer liOelanaw licnaweo . . . . Tavingston ., Jlai'kinao.. . Macomb Manistee .. .. Manpiette ... Mason Mecosta Menominee... Midland Missaukee Monroe Montcalm Muskegon Newavgo Oaklaiul Oceana Ontonagon Osceola Ottawa Presque Isle . . Saginaw Sanilac Schoolcraft . . . Sliiawassce ... St. riair St. Joseph Tuscola Van Buren Washtenaw ... Wayne. . „ Wexford 78 14 2 n GO 112 2!» :<:) 07 10 40 8« 85 28 10 84 01 215 8 104 k; 181 4H 2 01 37 ;}o 12 42 41 1 08 120 125 40 104 44 2 2(i 88 4 178 35 (■ 58 00 82 73 110 125 318 12 I'OWKII r«Kll. Stcnni. 28 2 12 2 5 3-1 7 5(1 ('.2 18 57 15 42 (i5 43 27 11 3(i 28 I 00 .3 t 74 4 IKi 20 1 30 32 25 11 23 30 1 C4 10(i 78 20 p! 2(): 22 as 3'. 14«l 30 i 2: 24 50 23 40 Gl 45 101 8 'iVatcr. 34 1 1 1 33 10 10 3 23 1 11 2(1 8 28 2G 1 74 1 o 22 Tl 35 20 1 20 3 8 1 15 10 22 17 IG 52 18 8 4 3 21 12 30 13 35 44 14 3 N.it id' IHiitcd, 13 1 13 5 32 IG 2 8 1 2 "io 1 13 15 1 3 IG 4 4 3 40 8 18 1 12 15 1 3 3 15 1 15 3(i 4 IG 28 4 7 1 10 10 4 IG 10 33 73 1 1, 287 41 325 80 30 323 255 402 112 212 283 088 32G 753 80(( 71 G 714 14G 1.3G7 7GG 11 4.230 37 70 1 .007 1,37 1,730 181 45 G55 1,228 1,4.38 GIH 444 505 423 783 1,514 2,837 553 388 401 7 280 1,483 57 3.G75 340 313 3G4 1,452 574 305 030 G87 10,724 101 <'»|>llal IiiVKstrd. $277,500 38,000 255,C(H) 20,(HM) 24,0(M) 315,7(M) 425,(M)0 574,3(M) 1 ,(i3G,700 158,000 177,204 787,320 778,071 410.100 708,4(M) 870.300 74(i,(KM» 115,700 1.880.540 853,050 G.GOO 4,5()1,800 31.2(M> G7.8(K) 7G3,7(K) 172,400 1,783.550 204,300 117,(M)0 502,040 2,810,500 2.820.5(M) 4G0, 7,140,310 35,080 31,900 1,8G3,G00 320,500 3,472,101 400,GG0 40,000 1,121,004 2.010,700 1,970,470 801,410 020,240 040,200 531,900 1,350 1,838,500 2.383,880 0,721, G7G 571,450 1.292,190 74(i,775 3,800 270,000 2,852,400 (;9,700 G,410,147 318.242 482,0(K) 785,430 1,840,218 1,320,307 (iG 1,275 1.341,704 2.470,795 32,515,819 191,340 UArLIJOADS. S9 Xril. liAILUOAD.S. KATJLV UAir.WAY JOyTEUl-JMSES. by tho Hfate, u„,| (iris „,t.s - no it,? " '" """■"'^" '"'''"'* '- l.-rhasoa -Hi the lna„,.„.atiou of tho .t , iurn^": '" , "" •"^"*'' ""« »"o Union n.Hl Pontiao nUhoa,! oon.puny, .1. H n7 ./ ' v "'"'^ "^ *"" ^^^'-'^ I'iin.ls of tho Stato. Tho loa. was 1 , / i ■ ^'''' '"'"''' ""« '"'ver in the - .•ouhl .... oxpoeto.,, in ylJ^VZl^rV^'^y'''' "^ '••'^"""^' P--'-p' capital a,ul ,,ractioal skill i„ railr,.., 2 T l " V^' ""'' '""'"""" '•''^'k "f ■' ISr.-. It ..,s oo„M,li,Iatocl with r fkVu.l ,\r'"''"' '' ''^'"^'"^ •" ^844. forn.ins; ih. lino ..f tho prosont Dot 1 " l ' " '^""'/^^^^vvard, tho consolidation "Istory of tho st.to, .nm.-ro . o . , ' vf l'^''!"'';';'"^^ '" ^he oa.lior linos, woro ^ranto.l. (V,nsido ahl oi, o n i ? " '''"^' '■'^"^^■"^■^' ^^"'''"y ""^^t ""t gcnorally inyohin,. only C"' o V"'" "I'T "" ''""' "^ t^oso lines, tI.o Contral, tho Htato also nndor o ,^ ' ' f^""" " """"• ^'' ""'"^J"" to '•00 wostwanl. Tho fonnor l.u on :„ ^ ^T to" k" ""' " '"""' ""'"' *'^"- a point noar A.lrlan, at the tin.o of tloh 'ir hv n ''f :'"':^''"' '""' ""^ letter to oal ahan.ionn.ont of tho infrnal i, , v'mo ? ^''' '" ^^•*"' '-^'"l '^s practl- '-'-vn atUM- tho sale as U.o M l^ •" CZ '^f v" ''"^ """"""'•'' '^'^^•"'"'^ fonns a part of the trnnk uJTuol^^^Z^^^^^ S'!."""' '"^""'■■'' '"'" ""^^ These lines, traversing the S( >., r '■""' Michigan Sonthern. t;.o carlle.. ,la;s; and a^the't" r^'u;;.;": ^^S TT ^'^"""^ ^"""-^^ ^» n.o nioans of water transportation -ivL ^ ^^ ' *'f" '" '■"""«'''!'>» ^vlth facilities of connnnnicatio, .nnvMrl'M? .t . . V "7^''«^''"' l'0'-ti""« of IVIichig.n H.is connection n.ay propo y n nt o e'd ,""' '^. ""^ ^^"■'^ "^^ "'« ^-■'^'. ^n '^''7;"--twardtolaL.ilieli;;n, : ;:,P7-;J ^'^ ^ -'^ ^-n. Port .^n.l.h.no. and grading was do,?o o. tins tte hn t t "l '""''' '" ''"^ ^^-"^ ^^ ^v'"<:'' i'^ was prqiocte.l having suhsidod m ' M ' •''I'"''"'"tive in.pnlse under 'lio work was ,Iro,,pe,|. A p^.rtion f H.'" 'l . "*^<^«'*'^'-"->- "'^■'i"'^ being wanting, Cbicagc and Lake' Hnron ra wa^ h h i"th h""' '"" '"'"'"■^ ' ^'-'"'^ "^ ^iS between Flint and Lansing, wl lib, ' '"" ^'"'"l^^tion of the section Port ][„ron by way of f. a,?,; lintr .'mT'^T, ''""'' '^^''^bwostwardly from opening another throngh 1 no ' ' ""'"'^' "'"^ «-'^"'« ^^'^^^^ to Chicng^, thus KAPID INCREASK OF KAIJ.WAYS. 1)0 Statistics of Michigan. m' PI!' additional outlets for tho mitiiri'.l piodiiotloiiH of tlie Slate, especially lumber, tim- ber, salt, and plaster; and the cnorls of the trunk lines, which were competitors ill the extension of lateral and connootluo; lines; to which may be added the pro- vision of the constitution adopted in IHoO, forbidding' special «'harters, and subse- quent legislation providing for tlic formation of companies by general law, thus removing everything in the form of legal monoply in railway construction. ' LOCAL All) TO KAIL WAYS. A strong feeling in favor of extending local aid to railway enterprises sprim^t up prior to 1S6!), in which year the general railroad aid law was passed, (a num- ber of speelal acts for the same purpose having been previously passed) but this policy was early arrested l)y an adverse decision of llie Supreme Court. The rapid railway construction of the three or four years following, demonstrated the absence of any necessity for relying upon municipal aid, while rellection, reinforced by the flnancial depression and cc:nniorcial disaster of llie past two or three years, has produced a general conviction of the imi)olicy of thus pledging local credits.' COMMISSIONini OF UAILUOADS. In the winter of 1873, the olllco of (Commissioner of Kailroads was estal)lishetl by the Legislature, and tlie value of tliat olllce in systematising railway manage- ment, as an agent between tlie corporations and the people, and in the coUectfon of facts and statistics, is shown by tl^e work of the department. PIIOOKLSS OF KAILAVAY RITILDING. Tlio progress of railway construction in Michigan is practically shown by the following ligures, taken mainly from statistics published in 1873. The figures are approximations only, except for the past three years, which are ollicial" through the oltice of the C'ommissioner of Kailroads, and are designed to show the numb'er of miles ini 18G9, miles 111 operation at the beginning of each year given, namely: 1841, 138 lies; 1850, 3-12; 18.15, 474; 18G0. 779; 1SG5, 1)41; 18G(), 1,039; 18G7, 1,1G3; 1808, 1,199; G9, 1,.3-J5; 1870, 1,G38; 1871, 2,11G; 1872, 2,214; ^573, 2,975; 1874, 3,253; 1875, 3,315. A natural reaction iii)on ten years or more of great activity, the commercial and financial characteristics of the time, and a feeling of insecurity arising from organized ellbrts throughout the country that were looked upon "as iniiuTcal to railway interests, have combined to check construction, showing the marked con- trast between a total of nearly nine hundred miles built in tiie State in 1872, and sixtj--one miles in 1874. KAII.WAY MII.K.V(iK AND CONSTIilCriOX. Tlie ('ommissiouer of l{ailroads. in bis report for 1874, gives the miles of road owned by the thirty-four corporations doing business and reportin;'- to Ids depardnent, at 5,278.30, of whicli 3,314.98 miles lie witliin this State, "of the abov(> tlicre are 4,484.71 miles of main line, and 831.55 of branches. There are 304.5.j^ miles of double track, and 898.80 miles of sidings, exclusive of the Chicago and Xorthwestern. which does not report this item. Only one road, the i^Iinenil l?ange. 12).,' miles in length, is of the narrow, or three feet gauge. The net increase of mileage for the year 1874 was Gl.GO. The average number of miles of railroad constructed per year in this State for the last thirty-four yeas, from 1841 (o 1875, is 97i^; but if 'the average be taken for the ten years from 18G5 to 1875, the period which marked tlie greatest activity I I Railroads. g-t COMlMllA-rn B MlLEAliE IN MICiri.lAN M, OIllKI. 9TATF« WO™,; Mmi'n:;;::":::,:.'':.:,.::'!™';" r *"■'".»■■• ""^' "» -^^o- -i...-, ..,..,. ''><«"<■ o, „f ,„r,r,:,,: ; :, „;:?"i".'.': ;;' •"« «'»"■■ "'""•"•-^ ■'.« !)07,701, every 427 every 020 inlia proporl «""•» • '"Hur,;r;;,r;;f';:;;,vro;:;'r/rL:;;;:!:;,™r'° ■" "»"""■"- coaT,is„Eim:i.»K»» a.vd .:„ir„.,,EXT i.i.- „a.i,i.oa.,s Paid ill ciipitui si.hU AvoniKo per mil,, imicl 1» ^Oa,^:^!),!)] 7 80 FiiiKled debt 20,020 70 Debt per in i 1(> of r,iiid 05,074,237 07 An:gi-eg,deofpai,n„,f„,k-:Muldebt;: irO'Mi'lr! oH ,, , per mile of road 100,214,154 03 -. u "^""^ <-'^iS '>^9« platform cars, and 8,470 ore are 482 passenger cu^n.r, i'"''!'""' ''^"'^^P'^'^ ^^'"^ ".e airbrake. There their genend b^i ; ' . ' S'lst^^r"'' ^"";'". *"^ •^^'"'^«" ^"^'"^ ^^''^ |Ji-i"„ iiont mostly by means of mixed trains. NUMI.KU OV .STATIOXS AM, TKHSONS KMI-LOYED. The total number of static STATE LAX1> GKAXTS FOK RAIT.KOAD PURPOSES of Chic,,,,, „„„ „„. ,„„,„ of w,.<„,„,.„;:-"'T:i'°;;;,i,^;,7„;::"".;;";';r:::::' " "^«"> pa»o„ „„ „o, »p„„p,,,H„» „„, ,„ „,,,.„ ,„„ ,„„„„^ „^ ^„,^^ ^^^._^^^___ ^^^^^^ ^. IS? !^' '"i™»r-"™ ^ a .a".^ n.;;,; „:,;,;r,: peninsulas is prac- 1 is l)y way on of 1873, islatnre of IS i-t mere. >ed (he appropriation t Marquette, ar.d the Li o sixteen sections per mile, the road 92 Statistics of Michigan. to bo complntet'. at farthest before tbo thirty-flr.t of Dc.cnbor, 1878. A grant of flvo sect ons por .nil. of sw.unp lands was u.a.lo at tho samo sosslon to aid the construction of a railroad fron, I/Anse to Houghton, au.l a furtner grant of seven sections per n.ilo f..r a road frou, Kscanaba, westerly au.l northwesterly through niet onTf "m ''"'^'V ?,"«"• ^" ''"A"'*'^ «teps have yet been taken for the con- structlon of either of these roads. i 'ill lUII.WAY ROUTES. The map lu-conipanying this work, prepared by the Commissioner of Railroads shows very clearly the railway routes In the State. The following schedule; liowever showing the length, termini, and intermc.liate points of the various rail- ways, win be found convenient. It was prepared under the direction of the Commissioner: CHICAGO ANO .ANAOA SOlnUKUN', AM, TOr.KlK), CANADA SO. rUKUN ANO ..KTHOIT KAILWAYS. to Favou ' ,"",P'«"-'7! ''f t"° ^'-"""v •southern, wcstwanl fro.n Tron.on. on to Dot 1 rh^ S"ar^.:a.^SXn,.^tr'""" " "■"""" ^^''" ""^ '■""""" ^-"-"' --' «"•' "'"^"^ CniCAOO AND LAKE HIKON HAIMIOAD. Sh fni OS a n i Vi *'"\y''>'"' «'"'"• The lenRth of roa,l oon.pletcl i8 232 miles, of ( IIICAGO AND JIirniOAN LAKE SHORE. Uuus from Now Buffalo, by way of St. Joseph, to Pentwater, with branches from Ilollan,! to Grand Rapids, and fron. Mnskegon to I,i« Kapids, giving a total length of road of alc maes CHICAGO AND NOKTHWESTEUX. This is an Upper Peninsula road in its Michigan section, run.iing fron. Menominee to Lake »aTol"H '"'"? I' '""^'' ''"" "'""'-■■•""« l"-anchos iea.ling to several different iron mines. It Negaunee™' ■"' T ' "'" """"■'■' """ '"" '"'■"'""'"• "'"'«''"'" "*-' Ontonagrroad at CHICAGO, DETRO.T AND CANADA GKAND Till NK .JlNCrlON. a„.rn'""Ar\^'"''"''',.*^'"'?'""'*'°" '"''"''"■' the Grand Trunk Uailway of Cana.ln, at Port Hnron .and tho M.ch.gan 'entral near Detroit, a distance of an riles. It connects wi h the MicZ .' Midland and Canada, and the St. Clair and Chicago Air Line at Kidgeway. M.cniba, DETROIT AND BAY CITY. Tako'"«/''""M """"tJ' '" ""•'' *'"•''' " '"''""''•' "*■ ^"^ '"'"'*'' "■'"' -^ '•••«"'■'• Iro'" T-apeer to Fish «nc.'' r. 7 fT"''' """' '^ "™'"'" "' ""^ ^^""* «"^' !'"■« Ma.-.iuette at Otter lake Rochester, Lapeo.-, and Vassar aro important towns on thit line. DETROIT, IIII.ISDAI.E AND SOUTHWESTERN. Runs from Ypsila..ti, where it connects with tho Michigan (Jent.-al; through Ma.ichestor where .t crosses the Jackson branch of the Lake Shore and Michigan .Southern; and thro, gh uVll ! dale crossing the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern (n.ain Ih.e) to Bancker's, connecti.fg thei^ with the Fort Wayne, Jackson and Saginaw r„ad. Length, 65 miles. DETROIT AND MILWAUKEE. ExtemLs from Detroit to (i.-and Haven, a distance of 18i) miles, connecting by stean.boats with s 'ilnaw " oJoV'T'n f": '^ *^'"" """ '''"" '''''^'"''"' '' "°">' »'« ^-•^-"- I-"Bine am Sagma« at Owosso. the Detroit, T..a»s,n.:r .v„.l Lake Michigan .nt Ionia, the Uraud Rapidn, Xowaygcv Kailuoads. 98 "r« M statioMH. tl ,oHt l,„,M.rt«„t w , H, h. im V"'? '"""■'^"- "" '"" "'"' "f t»>i^ ro« jj^^^^ . KKTHOIT, I,ANMN(. A.M. I.AKK MIC.IKiAN. .""cni'th'!" l.m.?H?rrl!'iZr',o'S,!to„'|!f 2r:! """!"" """ '"'"""" """•""". " '"'•tanoe of ^60 "f tho Mike Hhoro an.l M,,,.,^,., Mo u7r t nn ? ""' '"'"»'"""' I-'ko Huron, an.l a brnnoh Howell and Oroenvllle «.•„ ln.J<.Han' v \ /t Z n!:;.""'' "" """■"" """ *^""'""'«' «t iZil. ., """^ ^'^^■^'•-. -'ACKSON AND SAOINAW. "...1 tlu. .Ja,.kH.,„ bnnuh of the Lake si or ,' m? ■"' ' ?""-^'' "''"■'^"""' ''-■•"«!"«'».,. SaRinav t- ..uu...ore a., Ohio at ro, ...a..;, a:.^^:^'^:;!'^:::.^'^:!;^ ^^Ct^';;^:;^ ' (iHANIJ llAriDH AND INDIANA. ^'urg,., l-lainwell, Kalamazoo, a.ut (Jrn .tU.il .V '■"'''' ^''""" l)ranches) at Memlo" ■■■■. "'"• '■i.ni.l l{a,,„lN, ^^ilh the and SlichiKiiii Southern at MUhiKan IVntral (main line ami ran he«) at Me„a,,n, Iu.lanm/.o,.. and (iran 1 ,„ ,, ' ,. ""-'"" ''"""•"' ('"'"" ">'« «"^1 tho Ora„,l Hapi,I.,Xc.«a.vKoan,l Lake Slu re at Tu V< e eU .""t'"""" ^'"'"^ "'"•"" "' Vi..k«burg. City, tho Man8,lel,l, C'ol.lwater an,l Lake M .hiln , A, •. "" "'"" """ ^'^"'•^ '^""'luetle at Heo. ItapULs, the Detroit, Lan.^ing an.l Lake M • ifn "t ,,'""""■/.■'•' '"-"■•"'' »"" ^Hlwaukee .U . Irand -nKe .^hore at (.'ran,! I{a,,i.|.. an.l llig .(a„i.l Til-e 'M-e'H- .V """ '"" ''""■"«" """ M''^"'««» I'".. iiiete aie Ho stations on this line. ""AND «A1.,DS, NKWAV.iO AND I.AKK M,„„K. HunH Ironi (irand Kapiils to MorL'an ui,„..,. ■.^ ChieaKo au.l Miehigan Lake Slmre. Th V H o iV4r,ni;e:;"''' 'I" ^"« """'"-^ '"•«■'<•" of tho Newaygo. • '« *^ ""'I's I-'tr. It.s most important station is r.AKK .SIK.UE AND MICHIGAN .SO IIKUN. to JaekHon. 41 nules; the Northern Cuj;h£i: """' ''V''"''' """''''^ fon. Adrian ma.ooan.l White IMgeon, and Kalan.u.oo. Vll 4?, '^ ! ", f ":""'.'"" *" '^"■"'"*^' """ »"« ^ala- f.-on, While Pigeon to (irand Hapi.is. ( n a 1 ",1 i,..: " "".'?' "'"'•" ""f'^'"" "'ake a line there are 82 Htations. ' ""^ '"'^'^ operated by tlrs eonipany in this State, T„i. ■ , . MAKQl KTTK, Il.,l(i„TON AND ONTONA.iOV u has se:r;;;Ss ^.J^r^jriX'nr ^^r '■ ^ ""■•""^"•' - — > - --. western at Negaunee. There are 18 stations on thls"li„e. '"""' "*'"' "'' ^"'■''■'"'° """ ^^'"•">- Ran MICHIGAN CKNTltAI. . Ann Arbor. .L.^ok-.o,,. Albioii, lh.» company operate un.ler lease, the Grand Marshall. TlaUle .:.:.,^ ,-,,: ""/'"•' ""' , ■ii.tn, \ ,..h, iVtU.'Uiiazut), anil Nilcs. 94 STATISTIta OF MiCIlIOAN. KlvPi- Vullcy, fnim .raokmm to Uriuid Uiipll-, HI miIIom, the .lilt-kHon. I.«iihIiix uud Siinlnaw, fiom .fnckHoii to (iiivli.nl, AWi mili-s, tli.. Kiiliiiiiii/.no A Suutii iruvfii, liiiiii Kalmiiii/.ixi to Sonlh lliivcn, !«» iiillcH, mill the MIchlKHM Air l.liii', IVom .link .11 to Soutli H.'iul, Ml iiilli-n. On it|| thti Uiich opcnit.M by IIiIh ( ipimy 111, ic iiic 11.^ nIiiIIoiis, of tlioMc, tli« moMt iiioinini'iit 011 llio (iiuiiil KlvcM' Valley, arc lOatoii KiiplilH, riiailollc, jiml II.ihiIuk.^; on i|„. .larkMi.ii, l.aiiNhiK * SaKiimw, UuiHliiK, (MvosMo, the SaKliiawH, and Hay Cll.v . 011 the MIclilvtan Air Mm-, iromor, 'JVkoiiHlia. Ccii. liTvlllc, Tliruu KlvcrH, (!aH.so|Hill!*, uiul NIU-h. MII'IflliAN I.AKi: NlloKl:. Huns from All(%m to Mnik(»»oii, a's, mllnH.uml i'oiiiutIh wlHi the ClilcaKi* uii-l Mli'lii«an Ijiko Hhoro at llollainl, and llui Didroll and Mlhvaiikoe al Oraiul Haven. OTIIKU IIAII.UAY I,IN1;h. The MichlKan, Mldlaml and ('jinadn rniiH from St. Clair, on the St. Cliilr river, to KldRoway, 1ft mlloH, whPro it eoimeclH with the (iraud Trunk, and the St. flair and Chicago Air I.ine. The St. Clair and Chiea^o Air Line riinM from Iti ijreway, on the (irand Trunk, and a terminua of the MicdiiiraM, Miilland and CanHdi. to Itonieo, 'H) niilen. The Traverse City railroad 1h u line »! miles in lenKlli, from Traver.se City, at the head of Ciruud Traverse hay, to Walton .lunrlion, on the (Jrand Rapids ami Indiana road. The ManMllold, Coldwaterand Lake .Mieh.j. .a road has eleven and a half ndies eompletod, from Allegan to Ktontelth. The I'aw I'aw road runs from l.uwton, on the .Michigan Central, to I'aw l>a\v, tln^ eonnty 8cat of Van IJiiren couiity, four ndles. The .SaKinaw Valley Und St. I.onis runs from SaKinaw to St. Louis, in (;rati()t eonnty, . 'it miles. The Il(^rla and Tondi Lake, an ore transfer 4's, ndlcs In lenKth. frcm the Calnmet anp mills on Toreh lake. The SInieral RanKo is u narrow gaufro roatl^ running from Uin( 'k, In lIonKhton eonnlv, to Calumet, li\ miles. XIV. TRANSPORTATION. Appropriately following the railway statistics, is the subject of transportation. The shore-line of the State is elsewhere given at ],(i20 miles, and reference is made to the niinieroiis bays and rivers available for purpo.ses of navigation and tloatage. In tl: ■ .'arlu'r days of the State, the St. Joseph, Kalamazoo, and Grand rivers formed the outlet nnd inlet for the shipment of produce and the receipt of merchandise, frj Uic lUltMated se"(;:,4s in the western and southwestern ptirts of the State. Later, the liiniber regions have found, and still find, outlets through the Saginaw, the An Sauble, the Muskegon, the Manistee, and other rivers. These are idl in the Lower Peninsnla. The Upper Peninstda is not le.ss favored with the means of water transportation for its distinctive prodiu KAILAVA Y TRANSPORTATION. For rtipid, cheap, and abnndant transportation, the railways are indispensable, not only as competing with theinselve.«. but with Mater carriiige. TkAN8I'ORTAT/()X. 05 K.VrKS ON MICHiciAN IIAM.HOADX. TIM' .•..||.nvln« ,aU,.. tak,... fVon, ,I„, .-oport of llu- ronMniv.lo,.,.,. of Hailroa.ls IIAri-HOADS. i'Mcsifro & Caiiaila SouthiTii <"hicaK(>it Lako liiiroii (ihlcajro it Mifli. I,ak(! Shore ('liica^o & Xorlhwcsterii Detroit & Uuv City Detroit A Milwaukee •^'•/'•"'t. '"inslnw & I,ake aSlieii". Flint & re>'e Maniiiette. . Ft. Wayne, JackKoii & Saj'lnuw (iraml JJapids & Indiana (J. Jtaj)., Nowayiro, & L, Sliore r,ak<' Sliore it Jlieli. Houtliern Man|.. Ilon-rliton & Ontona^'on Miclil;;an Central... ««Io...'>- show« that the earrying rates for f^iffht^on ,«on,o ot onr lea.lin,. railroads is below the rate on the E le ^-ana e ays: Mhon we eon.suler that the ,.lass of freight n.nally transported by canal is that which is «lways carried at the lowest rate, while the 1 ns ^e s L Tl is JCone.al, .nclndinj, all classes of freij^ht. it will l:e ..een that the rates by rll In the san.r ,• ass of business, have been really less than bv canal. ^ ' ^ for ]87-> l!ivl?H *" '^' ^'""^ I>''P"'-tn,.nt for the State of New York, in his report to ]872, siNes the avera-o ...tes per ton p.-r n.iie for freight on the Erie cana or tae seventeen years Iron. IS.'i.i to 187-2. inclnsive. fron. nhich it is f; nd tha he average rate received by the carrier, indndin,. the State tolls, dn in" those as, was n.ne and fourteen hundredths nnlis per ton p..r n.iie; and I , t ^.e year h.ee i.iiiioad in 18(4 lor their throii steadily and so rapidly that «L average rate per tou per mile in 1872 is but little more than half the mte oflSCS " -sau ra es be.ng 1.37 cents and 2.43 cents respectivelv. The annual report of the M.ch.gan Central Company conunent. upon the san-.e tact, and in efern.g to .1 table showing the earnings per ton per mile since 18G4 says: "It will bo iced how gradually but certainly rates have been sinking tVomVoo per on pe mile u ISGo to I.o6 in 1872, with slight iucre..e-(l-IOOth of a cent -in 1873 ■ Ihe i^tvorable comparison which the r.tes of our own roads bear to those of lead- ng and represeutat ve roads elsewhere in the country is shown bv cents an 1 frac- tions of a ,.ent in the following comparative statement: " Average rates rereire.I per ton per mile for 1872. UAii, ijoA D.- Michigan Central. lilX-ll. Tliriiiigli. Lake Shore & MicIiiga.rSoutironi "(Eastward bounil)" I.ak-e Shore \ Michigan Southern (Wcstjward bound) Jackson, Landing & Saginaw ^ Urand Kiver Vallej . Michigan Air Line' Kalamazoo & South Haven Detroit & Milwaukee. Boston it Lowell Boston & Providence Boston it Albany New York Central & Hudson" Kiver' New York & Harlem... liensselaer & Saratoga 2.7G 2.04 2.01 Chicago, Burlington & Qui'iiey! V. Chicago it Northwestern. . Average of all railroads reporting to ti.e "lioii K. J{. (ommissioners of tlie State of Connecti arrl of icuc 3.40 3.0!) 4.80 I 2.87 I.IO 1.13 1.44 Avenigc iif liociil ami Throiigli. 1.57 1.37 3.18 1.10 2.7(; 3.()(i Lr)4 3.02 2.82 3.38 3.38 1.42 2.02 1.50 0.14 3.27 2.35 4.50 TK.VNSPOiri\* TION JX THE UPPER PENINSULA. tie. fo the cheap transportation of products to all the harbors of the five .n'cat lakes, thus making the expense of oelivering the products of the mines to" the eastern cities by rail from the ports of lake Erie, very low. Be-n 1 linos of steamers of the largest class employed on the lakes run from the^po'ts of the mnera d.s nets to Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Erie and Buffalo, 'makirn' Ohio . '■V\" '""i *'•'"' •"^"- '" ''" ^""" '"■■^""•''- ^'- -'''« ^-'" tl.c lieTds of mines. ' """^^'^^"'"'"^ "™ '"^^'^''-'^'^^ '^^ a small cost within a few miles of the The Chicago and Northwestern railroa.l, Ica.ling from Chicago an act of Con-jress of 2;i(l .Inne, IS;{(!, uiakin"' certain i»ropositions to ]\Iiclii luindred children of school au'c may, however, elect a board of six trustees, who sliall constitute the district board, with power to choose its own otliccr.s. The boundaries of dj.^iricts are determined by a township board of school inspectors. KKl'OlMt* ItKQlUHKI) TO HK SIADK nv CKIMAIN S.K..1 „.»»0„ CXl.l. Wl,i,.|, ,„„.,.,„. s,„.l, ,,,t,.,,,toJ. " "■'"' ""'■ """'»' "'""« illK WLI'l'OUT UK SCHOOLS. TlIK I'HI.MA'n SCHOOL KUNI>. ,„:!';.'l Vr'"*; <;'•'*•" t''« primary school fnn.l i„ ls7;i, was $2i:t040 12 in 1S74 vi v.; ^ .' '""""'" "'''* *'"' ''"'••'^"^•^ «f "'*' f"»'l '"ore thin keep ,,x« .• . on lo . n' ' .".'"""^ ""■"""' '■'■"'" ""** ^'"'<' '^t *;(no.0OO, o; seven per «lp .^s^ "::;';;;;; '''^'>°"^" "- P--^'«" of t..o t^nul .leriveaiVon. sale^!f t -s 1 ;! Zl u ;" '"'■ '■""'' '"•" "'^"••" '■""" ^^i"' ^^•'^•-t 4,(li') •14,042 774 4,744 fli.S.S;) VH(» 4,S.V) 4li,Sli) His .'i.O.W 4(»,'i)4 H6S n. KIH nM-a hh;j .'•),2!«) 48,471) !)l)| r,,:m 4it.744 !ttl .^.Vil 4!>,'2!»l It;-),-) .V)7I lil,S72 USl .'),70(i .')4,(i0,< i;i'2, ,.577 .■)()4 fMHt 'iH7 .WO 101 7(iO 2S1 ;i.ti )77 ;t;t.-) K. H,7!)2 V. *;. $41 77 $17 54 !», IH-.» 4;t n:! IS 44 !»,;W4 41 0,1 10 4S !),.S.... I860.... 1870.... 1871.... 1872.... 1873.... 1874.... 1878.... U. 4,40.-) 4,022 4,715 4,021 .5,110 5,;i00 ,5,518 5,572 5,702 5,787 07 7,t 72 74 78 77 70 80 81 79 ('. I). I.;. .•(20 ;t,;i7t) 72;t ;i75 ;i,5(K) oa5i 410 ;t,oo!) 018 450 ;!,707 021 5;i8 ;i,807 027 570 4,024 (!2!) .505 4, 1,5:1 001 04 1 4,240 (i05 0S2 4,.tOO .540 71!) 4,470 51.1 F. ;t74,7(iOI ;182,107' .•100,007 1 407,072' 414,000 208,li07 ;i21,180 .•!:{8,244 ;W4,7,M 374,774 ;!84„554 .•!0;t,275 404,23.5 421,;i22 4:«>,004 440,181 II. 228 240 243 2.50, 2(i0, 278 2!I2 31( ,•(24 .•(27 34;( ,02il ,057 101 mm 587 ,O,S0l ,40li ,00(1 015 ,.5(Hi ,031 f. .). 70.5 0.2 70.5 0.2 72. 0.2 70.7 0.2 7-2. 0.3 7^2.5 0.0 70.5 78. 7.5 70. 7. 75 •J 70. 0.0 T.\ 111,10 III. .■^howiuft: .\, amount of moneys on han.i at the commencement of the vear; li, amount of two- null tax; C, amount of primary school fund; 1), district taxes to pav teachers and incidental cxpeiLses; K, other district taxes; V, receipts from all other sources.* VKAU. 18(55 \sm 1807 1808.. . 1800 1870 1871 1872... 1873 If"74.. 1875 .\. J142,0;18 ,52 183,081 00 102,002 02 ■280,877 87 3di,440 22 .•(00,477 81 437,»;i0 a(! 530,200 28 1 530,.580 27 570,050 03! 075,802 401 H. S'2.-J1,770 74 288,820 (Ml •2.80,007 (13 j .•(0!),2in 38! .•(•2.(,-240 12: 40.5,111 04 40i)..541 -20 ! 421,071 20 1 40.5,012 ,84 : 400,080 05' 608,.551 87 j ('. j i $137.:(.)4 02 143,013 31 142.013 •2.5 151,000 .50 1(1.5.0(«) 51 177,313 70 182,022 '25 182,0!)5 07 104,470 .58 20.5,4.30 14 218,030 '20 1). K. r. $178,130 24 $•205,70!) 4!) $201, .541 24 •2.14,700 21 300,310 10 317,.521 44 .•(.•(•2,812 13 .5'! 1,402 05 485,023 70 444,013 (M) 0'2.5,(14S 5:( .548,,)5I '25 .571„504 11 737,(154 (17 0,I4,;('25 31 1,0,(4, 718 77 707, 7!H) 10 ,5^20,;(81 07 1,157,,540 43 ,501,K58 4(1 .5;-) 1,102 tl l,;(84.O70 o;! 503,1180 00 .537,071 •20 1,. (00,040 (18 7'28,570 40 44.'l,453 O-* 2,:(!);(,004 73 4.53„50O ;(!) '2,;(41,0^23 71 38«,'205 (11 vrnlP.'^n ''"'!','"" "'"'"' r-''"'"'''''^ for the year," is omittcl from this tab!., far the sjskp of ron- 5cnlcncc. it .■orrespouds sulistiintially, year hy year, with column K in table IV. Educatiox. iiterest ; liHtricts in the 't libraries; h, til of inulo and ■111 no of Mchool I. 1 an $2,3.W,1)82 > :ii 2,H,')4,!»iK) > 01 .•I,;«il,(H)7 ) i»* 4,.mi,472 / m r),.'«l,774 H r>» (i,2.M,7!l7 1 .w (i^fti^ilW.") ) 11 7,470,a;«) ) .>)!l H,i(«,;t!)i 1 11) H,(!i:t,H4r> t lil u.iir),:^} • tone; (', num. lines; V, whole nnil tweiilv le whole luim- I. .;. 2» 7(i.r) (i.2 •>: 7(!.5 «.2 ii 72. •i.2 «! 70.7 (i.2 S7 72. (i.;i VI 72. .5 (>.9 >l> 7(!.r) 7. K! 7H. 7..-) 1") 7!l W 71). 7. il 79. (!.!( iioinit of two- nil incidental $m\,Ml 24 ;!17,.'i21 44 4H,'),(12;t 7(1 .MS,,),-)! •>:, (y.n,:w -.n .')2 ;J8(),2U.') (il :;!kp of ron- .showinK: TAIll.i; IV. ...- tw the ,..,, in..,ndinK a t on ....L;;"^^■r j^^ii:.:;':,^:;; 't^.r'" '^^""'""- VKAK. ISCm-. .. 1S(!(!. 18(i7 IWS.... lH(i!).... if*70.... li^ll.... 1H72.,.. M7.t.... W74.... 1875 ; *17.'-.,471 .■i; )!»,(!!»() .'>4,->,4;t7 77(i,074 H,')2,I22 (l(i2,H»(i (l2.'),H4;i .'>!t7.()(»(i f);i(!,:i07 It. .'12 .. 71 . .'to HS (M) (i2 II 01 (W 2H (it $:.'W4,l ;i»K, H.-il 41 1U(! 41 |170,(J0O.'i(! •274,H10 2(i 287,701 (!( .•tO!», l.W HO 4(i.5,i(8;i (iO (i4S,;il2 02 74. (iin.'),o«7 4.-) 21.'),4,il ,t.) .•tO.'t,!,')*! 110 .■ti;t,721 11 .•ts;i,ri42 ;t7 470,2«!» 4(1 .'■)27,12H .V2 .'')(>0,221 'M .'>!»4,4(i7 IH (l*f,(>(il .'t;t (1U,700 ;t.j K. S 1,242,824 7N 1,»H7,104 12 2,011,02.') 8.1 2,4S7,r)(K) .'12 2,m,r:i !»2 .'t,l.')4,2i2 24 .'t,.'!(i7,8(;H 81 .'t,.')«;t,47» 0.1 •'i,74;t,;t.'i2 70 4, \(}-,r,Ki 78 4,l(38,0(i3 0.{ F. 822l,70.'t 45 •i:ir,,7Hii 2(1 4;t!),47(i .'(H (i4;t,!»»i i» !>17,027 87 H(il,40!) i)4 l,l4(i,.')(i» It I,2;t4,(i8(i .r) 1,707,700 1(1 1,8.50,7(14 1!) i,82«,l(iO 48 111 MI.sCKI.r.ANKOUS FACTS. T.U. amou..; o!^;S\v U ^l K.^;! 'u:^";*''''"^^• (incl,u]i,.. ,.,o,.eys paid ou L2a^^ZZ.^i:;!T^::''''"'' V'' "'"^^« bor 7, 1874, was «3,410,!W0.(;8, ^vl.i.-^ i" .$7 8 nr, ^ J l^'''" '"'''"« ''^^P**^'"- hy the last constts. ' ^^'^^ ^^ ''"l"^'^ ^^ *'>« «>'ool population (JKADKI) AM) UN(JRAI)KI) SCIIOOI..S. 1874, a, t„ ll,„ items „ato.l, >".Kra,l„,l) 1„ ,„o Stale, for tl,o year Xiimber of distiii'tf (!eii8iis eiirollinciit. School onroJlment.. 'i'(!adicr.s employed Teachers' wages Total resources Total expenditufes Tolal indebtedness. Valuation of .scliool (imdcd. property. 327 178.204 121,919 2,278 «014.2o;{ a,27r),149 1,888,0;{(! 1.485,241 5.480,701 Ungraded. 5,244 258,490 205,587 9,998 $1,002,758 1,830,602 1,525,085 .'i05.522 3,425,937 srATI.STKS Ol' CITY UNION' .SCHOOIS va."s/rrr':s;:i;^'::s:;-^;;f;;s: :--.;■;-' '»-»■; »•- - ..■ Il.ose rerp.iro.l bv the re-nil'ir re ,1 rt^ T ^^ ' '''''"''''' ••^'l^'itional to ;;-^. ...0 .„„.„„ ..u:;^- ;-:;'„,„ r:;:„;r a::-s;;:- s::'.- :- •r.ui.r.A.t STATrsTics ok cnv ,m„.v ,x,.|iooi..s. '"■ >'>'("o sfhool l.niltii,,^,: ,.:. ,„„,;,..,; i "I";;; '.::;,.^'. ''':'''''':'"'>•'•■' "• '•'« -H-triet; I),ro.stof eentr..! "'• n.e H„a s,.h,.„. dnrinK the ...r-e^ihnat;. ; ci/.i:;;;^ s;,;:;r;;n;:;Se!;;;;::;: ;;:r;n' 102 Statistics of Michigan. ber of pupils belonKing to tho High School .lurinR tho year; I, number of pupil, graduating at tho oloMo ot tho year; J, number of pupils 8tudy( ' - - K>a""at'ng at ^tatPH hirttnvv T. titiiti1in» ^»...i..i „i..ii „. . ., . -, -, ,,^ i..n.iir. oiudyiug languages; States history; L,, number stuilying civil government. ji, number stuilying I'niteil Alpena* Aifrian Ann Arlior .. Uattle Creek.. Hay (Jily* Hig Uap'ids ColiUvater Charlotte Detroit Kast siagiuaw.. Klint (irand Haven., (imnd Itiipid.s. . (ireeuville Hastings ... HillHdalo Holland Ionia ■Jackson Kalanuizoo Lansing liapeer Alanistee.. Marshall jMonroe _ Sfuskegon Nilcs Owossf) ._ I'ontiac Port Huron Saginaw Citv... St. Clair....;.... Wyandotte... Ypsilanti A. $1,200,000 "ij!ii,m 1,7*>,-2,')U 1,'200,(KIO ♦!WJ,0()() 517,(iO(l 27,774,(i;iO ;!,2Hl,04l) ],;«)7,340 (i22,0(!!) 10,(HX),()4^ 44(),()S(: 4;ili,8o0 2,r)00,0(X) 2, 10,1, 1-20 4I)0,(K)0 »iH,i,812 i)87,4»;i !l;W,()(!.-) l,i)4-),44!l H-)(),(XK) 2.W,l(iO 020,8;-)-) 1,2,-)B,000 ],«)0,5,5.') *31fi,0(K) *190,000 t2d,000 120,000 J40,(HH) ]r)O,0(K) 120,000 ir),taK) ()li,000 2;!,0(K) (i!)(>,7;t!» ],W,0,S(i ]i)0,(KHI .W.CKM) y41,(XK) i)0,0()0 40,000 4.->,(KX) (>-),()00 4.-),(XK) 4I,(XH) 1(K),()00 100,(X)0 15,000 32,000 l.-)0,000 .•i(),000 101,872 7r),()oo r)i,ooo 1(X),0(K) S(),800 l.'K.OOO 20,000 54,000 84,000 c. 1). $20,000 70,000 1)0,000 8,'i,0(K) .•r),ooo .'}5,(KK) 15,000 30/22;^ 114,000 40,0(M) 50.0(H) .■iO.(XK) ;i8,ooo 3:i,0(K) ;i,ooo .•JO,0(K) 28.000 55,m»0 5li,75l) 17,0(K) 20,000 70,000 18,000 54,48;i .•tO,0(K) 42,000 (il!,875 30,000 72, (XX) 10,000 2;i,ooo 70,000 ■'$47,7(K) 2!),(XX) 72,(XX) 41,0(X) 24,(XX) 4,(X)0 ],(XX) " 'u,m) ilfi,(KX) 28,(KX) (lO.OOO 2li,.^(X) ;!.-i lion ]■ m i. IIIO Ki.iWX) 50,000 43,000 52,925 10,i-)(X) .•i4,(HX) 40,400 25,(XX) 8!),000 7.(XX) 7,(KX) 4,7,50 j * Taken from report for 1874. t Latin, Greek, ami Ueini:in, the latter avera"in" $;i,.5(X) o,;joo 1,(XX) ;i,(KMi 1,0,50 4,000 1,,500 '2^681) 4,000 4,,5(X) 1,5(X) 2,(K)0 2,700 2,178 2,000 ;i,4.50 ],i».iO 2,.i00 ;i,(xx) $1,400 2,(XX) 2,(XX) 1,700 1,8(X) 1,3(K) 1,(W^ 1,2(X) .'1,225 ;i,(xx) 2,(XX) 2,(XK) 2,5IX) 1,,5(X) l,;i(xi J,2(K) 1,(X«) 1,8(X) 1,800 2,(XX) 1,4(X) 1,500 ],.5(X) 1,000 1,2(M) I,H(X) 1,800 1 1,4(X) 1,8(X) l,ryt)0 2,tX)0 1,2IX) 1,200 1,.-)(X) II. IS 1,51) 380 148 40 2!) 122 04 o;io lo:i 1.17 40 104 57 53 1(X) 28 140 12 108 02 75 103 49 10!) i)8 132 102 72 34 58 5.'! 2 l(i 14 8 (> 4 8 J.t 45 281 73 70 14 51!) !)8!) 00 20 1,5; 10 .50 20 24 04 .•!4 24 li 47 1!) .52 (i4 75 0;-) .30 2!) K. .■10 2(X) 113 1!)| 75 20 1(X) !I0 2,275 IW) 145 !)(i 130 32 21 103 88 34 13 a-) 75 .58 75 84 .58 1.50 00 0.5 14 12 31 30 130 "20 03 10 2.5 13 25 15 10 11 40 alioiit one-thii-d of the wliole. THE STATE XORMAL SCHOOL. Tho leading; object of the Jformal School is to iu..tn.ct a.ul qualify per.«ons for the work of teachiug in the primary .school.^, an.l as ..i,ch, this notice of it properly follows m this connection. ' * • I.OCATIOX AM> lilll.DIXG.s. The school is located at Ypsilanti, a city of between r,,0()0 and G.OOO inhabitant* thirty nules west of Detroit, ou the Central railroad. The school bnildin-s are 111 the northwestern part of the city, npon an elevated site, abont ninetj feet above the level of the Huron river, and overlooking the entire town. The -M-ound-^ ;r„?W)*"! ''""n""T .7/^-^''"*' """' '^'■" '^'•'■'''''^^ ""'^ ornamented with aCundant .Shu bbe.j Jhe bu.Id.n-s are two in number, and are very correctly represented in the cut. 1 he principal building, ^^ hich appears on the right, with cupola pro- jecting frotn the center of the roof, is 102 feet long and oG feet wide, and is three stories high excl.isive of the basement. The second buihliug is occupied by the School of raining and Practice. It is 70 feet by o2, and is tlu-ee stories high including tlie basement. " OUti.VNIZATIOX AM) WOllK OV THK .SCHOOL. son'^'r-^t"?^ r'! "'r-i'"'"^ '" l^^^,^ua hiis instructed in its Xormal department some 0,300 students, 4.2 of whom have completed .some one of the courses of stud.y. \i KroduatinK at stuil viiiK 1 :iiitc'(i J.t K. L. .10 4-) 2()0 i2«l Ji:j (i.1 <;l 73 'I'l. i!) HI KH) 14 u 110 12 :>!!) 2,27r> l)Si» ]«() 31 (M) 145 3(i 20 00 m 136 130 ir, 32 no 20 '-•0 47 .... 70 5 "ii """21 (it ]l« 03 .•14 88 10 a4 34 2.-) i> 13 13 47 a-. 23 lit /o . 58 '» .V2 ^'} 15 (« 84 Hi 75 58 11 (^■> 150 40 ;!() 00 . .. 12 (i w 30 ■ persons for I' it properly iiihiibitants, iiiildiiigs are niiioty feet riie j^romuls h abiiiidant represented on])ola pro- ^nd is three pied by llie s^torios lii<>h department es of study. il Education. 103 43 won. .....hMs.oo.l U v.T ;...cit ^ 'Z!'''' ^""^ '''^-'^ "' of ^'hom >>'""tal ,„. Mo.l,.l School. 'Jrr,tosf^,rfL '!•'''""' "^'^" *'" ^'^^P^'"'- """"'«■'• siMv of whom r.-i ,„ "'"'*'"''*•'" f"' the year from tlie diflerent courses the State ^' " "' '"' '""' ^""'^"•^" ^" ^-"'^••'"g '» the puWie .schoolsof '■O'JUSES OK SriDV. y''^: zi'z^ii.uZ:: ^i:":::::^ ^•^'"'"'?'- '^•-"- --i — ,two Hassioal course^ fV„„. vo^r^ Z^'yLr;^''' ■" "-'l-- -"S-n.^eH, four years; '■onrses, two years. ' ' " ^"'""''' '■"'"■■^^'' t"*' years; hij^her lan^r„age ^loni'.I. I)i:i'.\I!TMK\T. ;?raniniar KXDOWMKXT. KXI'KXSi;.. > '^^" ■ii:it-M.S OF ADMJSSIOX. The pernianeut eudowniciit of the Scliool i< fi„. a' , .. , A-on. the sale of L.u.ls ,„..,i.Ue., lo .hi : , sf ' T,:!'"sta^ i:! ""'• ""■'^"' appropriation of about 818 000 Tl„. .,.,„„,. '""'^"'■'' "" '"'"""1 ■1^23,000. Kaeh nuMnber of the St e ^T"'"- '"" "'""' '"■^'•''"■' '-^'-''t Pt.pils frou. his .Ustriet to r eive nsfn?^ " ':^ ""'"'"' '" '^^^'"""^'^ ^wo tuitiou is free <)tl /^ Vo ... ,1 • ' '" ^"" ^^•''""'' ""^' *" these the are re,uire<1 to sign l.le.^ " o i'llf ^t..^^' ' !"''"" '"' ^' ''' J"''" >'-"•- -"^ «" -^ — >.. - --i:;;''"Six.e-^^r;:;; .iC ";;;;;isr ^'^ OOVKUX.MKXT. The School is un-ler the government of -i «„.„.,i ^t- t- 1 .- three members, elected by the ,.eo nf n ^' , ?'"'\°* r^'l'U'atiou consisting- of Instruction bei,.. ex o nl ' n n - , '"' *'" '^"l'"''"ten.lent of Public u<'n„ t.\ onido .1 member, and secretary of tlie Board K.KK.r OK ,.n....»MAS-,KA,„,CW. KM,.r.OVK,>-VA..VK O. .KOPKUTV. hold';';;' t ■;:! '"'^n::^::;:^:^''' '' ''\ '^^'" •^"^'"'^'^^'- -• ^'- 1--- of thelschool. The v!lue .0 ? 'Z""''''^''"' ^" "'" ""-^'"'^ 'l-'Partments i.s staged at 872.800 "f «'o-Hm,u.ldu.o.s, furniture, library, apparatus, etc., TIIK STATK r.\IV7.:]{SITY. l.<)( ATIOX AXI) M-IIKX KsTAIW.ISII rniv.,,,,vV„,< L,;„;,.„ ;,. , ; 'i ,":,;:,'; : t '■'■""■" """■""■ ■'■"■■ fessor i. ia i^-j-^ ,,,,:„„. „, . .: I"*- "''"t leiOHl of tlie appomfmcnt of a. prn- Koo. bc.no the professorship of botany and .ooloo-y. The tirst deuces 104 Statistics of Miciikjan. t coiifoiicd were in 1845, with wvoii profosHorn, part of wJk. riio (lepartmeiit of McdlcI of Liiw i III only were on ni'tlvo *'"^^'' in'lMl)'""'"'""" '"' ^^•^'"'■'"•' '''"' "'•«''"'^-«l '" l^^^fN miiuhi^ 'i).-i;urun.'nl KAUI.V KNDOWMI'.NT. By fti-t of ConfrroHs of May 20, 1820, land eqnal to two townships, or s.-vontv- wo s..i-lions. was s.-t af.ait for tho n.se and s,.pp„rt of n nnWorsity, within tlio o"h *s[ ;:'■' rJi''Tv:'i'' ':' ''' •^""" ''^ ''''- ""^ ^^-'^ -- '-«--^ n th.. Stat.., and w.t,. h.M and sol,] at pri.vs ..onsidonihly in advance of tho ark«t vain., o other pnhlie lands, only son.o 200 acres now ren.ainin.^ .n.sold rhe .nom.y received for these lands is held hy the S.-Ue as trnstee. andls s a ed JL'%H .>;•'"';''"■':''' f ''""'■ ^"^^'"'•''""- "• '"^ -"^-'-^ ^"'- ^«"^. !•• -« «' *..U,.»0HJ1. n,„ ,nt,,,-est npon tiiis fnnd, an.onntins to ahont ^IW.OOO annnally is .1 permanent endowment, secnred both by tlie terms of the ^.ant and by the eon- stltntion of llie State, to (lie T^niversity. I'llM'O.siC AND ClIAItACTKH OP TlIK UNIVKIISITV. to ni; l;'iY;'"«ity, iis a part of the etincational system of the St ite. may be said to offer (in Its plan, at least, and in practhe, so far as its a.^e and '-.. ...-ans a ts disposal enable it to do so) every facility for the acqniren.ent of the hi-^hest iinowledse imparted by tlio sdiools. '"„'"»r, nHon t e s ''"-'/•'••^":« ■■'"/'I ^'^"•'- *"•' very mnch to in.press npon the insti- tution the stamp of a nniversity, and to Impress the people witli a ri^ht concep- tion of what a nniversity shonld be. The University having honored him "Ha nvitation to attend its commencem.'nt exercises in 187(! (from ids Ion- retirement ■;. 'Tw ' r"" •"■ "''^ ."^^•"^'•'^^'""•^ «» ♦'- S«>«"-'^1 ■'".bjcct of universities seen* ..ppiopr ate here, as serving to detlne the character of the University of Midii-an Js^rhe la's- '''^'"''' ^''" '"'■''*'"" ^'""■'■^•■^' Association of the T^niverslty, June"22; "In all mere human Institutions, tlierc are none so important and mi-hty in heir inlluence as universities; they embrace the means of all human cult.n-e, and tiiey act directly upon tlie upsprincrin- manliood ot a nation. * * AVherever yon collect tlie treasnres of kuowled-e, an.l tlie men Avho know liow to ns(> and apply them, tliore, and there only, you have properly a university * * * Jot there be no jealous and tyrannical interference: let tliere be no religions or political tests; le tliere be no l)arbarons attempt to liarness tlio winged Pegasus to the drag of beggarly elements. Knowledge can llourish only in the air of freedom- truth can walk in majesty and vigor only wlien unfettered; goodness can bo pure and without hypocrisy only amid the sanctities of trust. Freedoui-tliis is the grand characteristic of nniversity e.lucation, as it is the essential attribute of manhood * * The State of Michigan * * has conceiyed the plan and laid tli.e foundations of a university. How simple the idea of a university' \n asso- ciation of eminent scholars in every department of human knowledge, together with books embodying the results of Imman investigation and thinking, and all the means of advancing and ilhistratiug knowledge. How simple the law which .s to govern this association! Tliat each member, as a thinker, investigator and teacher, shall be a law unto liimself, in his own dej,artinent. * * 1 conceive of the University of Michigan as cajiable of becoming one of these g. >at and dis- tinguished institutions. * * Let the State of Michigan collect li^re the means ot all knowledg<. ami liberal culture. Let the curators ai.pointe.l by the Educatiox. _ 105 ness oai, overhang H.o msnit. • * .^ ^"""I'lorati.,,,., «,„1 ,.„ ,i,„„,tful. •'"""'"«-"l.i.e of ,1.0 West. * • \VV have • ^ , '\"""'"''^'<' ^vhich is ri.h.p ,„„.„ to ".i-o„eeivi„« the tn.e charaete^ f a n ^ 1^ ^ ",. .nuu, a,.„ .ua. .ul^aUe ill o '" f hone ty, ,l„olUy a„.I l.lainues /l wo .1 ..n "'"" ''"'"" ''"'"''' ^^ ""'^•". mistakes won 1 „e the int.o.lnetion oV pom,^l,\' '' '''''" .'f "'^'"''- '^'"«- ^hren o...sie.s an.l eo,„,,etltio,i., an.l Meeta.la,, ,,,■ i , ' '" '':""^"'l' "'"» "»•"«, local joal- "U-nt of the lT„lversUy. * ^;""' " > "jmliees an.l .len.ands i„to ,he n.anLe- its appointments and nwMisnre^ for two 1^^^^^^ I" """''^'«" t^' influence "othin,. to ao with politics. '* * ° t- n i r;r-, / '"'' '" ''' """"•« 't has to procure the most al.le professors „o ,..«nn 1 ^' ^*''"" «''«''"tiul to its success tic., oor..a, co-operation am;;;:,.;;;^ ^p^ "'^'"•^ i^'^' '!^^^^ ^^^^^M proset" ^:r: i :'::i^:4:srr fr?"^ ' ^^--- eommon'^i^^^'r^-- ^^ ii^^- «»t heyon,, m:ZTZX:l;::7\:or'' '-".onorahloVharactors. ^^^ to scientiflc and Ut or. ry li^^^Z^j' ^'^^u' r ':''''''' ^""•"•' '^'^ l«acl only fffrcffiously do those niist'il^e the . . "Ptitudc to teach. • • j,Z. i"-gi"o that hecause !t1;^,^^\fZV:t "" "'"^ "' ""^ '"«"^»^'°» -ho "e oners to all sects and parties toinU^ndo/'"^'^ 'r'"'"'"' '' "'"-*-«r« "ot belon.. to any sect or party in m th'nl r ! ,',"" '■'"''^- ^^ ""^ «"ly does all. The deed of trust by which! l; V; ^'"'"""' *" »^' "^^^^t or party at H.-0 dctined, n>aK-es „o nn.:iTo'T'r'^'^l'^;: '-"-co by winch its'^b^els not of political parties- it refe,-^ tr " '^''»'«"s (loi>omin::tions: it sneak, tl.e State of Micli.an, or ^^f ul^'^^f'tll^l'^l;"^^' '' ^Poa^ "^^ cie„t:fie institution; it is i„ no sen e ecde i Vmc^^^^^^ t! ," f P^'^^^y iiterary and purpose-advancing ^„ nrmru f ? ^' ^' 'lesigned for a si„.r]o «f tlu, University as belon.^" ' di w"J. %:; rf'^'".'- , ^^ ^« - '"--I to spel- speak of the asyl„„,, t,,o .state prl o f U.e T i ^^onjolntly, as it would be to t"t on or works, as thus belon^i ^ '",: ;;;;f '•""' '' '"'^' «"'^'- ^^.ly, instl- sects, but of the people. And tlielnsfinr . '■' "°* ''"'"Posed of religious .(l in a l-;>:ir(l of clfjht Ilojfontu, elected by the people of tlie State at liirjje.* Tlie leirents <'.\erclse le;;l!*lullvo aiul general oxeeutlve power over the Institution, independently of the Stute Legislature. Mirt ATION AXl) niIl.l>lN(iS— IMVKUSITY IIAl.t.. Tl'e site of tlie I'nlverslty is a tract of forty acres of land, donated liy citl/ens of Ann Arbor for the purpose, within tlve minutes' wallv of the principal busi- ness part of the city. As originally designed, there were to be four main build- ings, whidi were to serve as dormitories and for general collegi! jjurposes. i)n(i of these buildings*, la which the university worlv was tlrst begun, was conmienceil in 1837, and another, distant from the first 147 feet, was built some years later. The abandonment of the dormitory system contributed to a cliange of jdan, and ■when a legislative appropriation In 1871 permitted the work to be undertaken, what is now "University Hall" was constructed by ijuildlng uj) the Intervening space between the two bidldings mentioned, which are called tlie wings, giving au entire frontage of Ml feet, llie center portion having a deptli of 110 feet, and tho wings 40 feet each. From the basement to tlio summit of the dome is i-lO feet. This commodious edifice coLlains tlie chapel, 34 by '30 feet, the principal hall for use on commencements and other public occasion?, 80 by 128 feet, lilirary, museum, recitation rooms, ollkes, etc. The cost of the new building was $105,000. nKPAUTMENTS AND COLHSKS. The University comprises three principal departments: Tho Departnieitt of Literature, Science, and the Arts; the Department of Medicine and Surgery; and the Department of Law. The schedule of dijilomas granted, which appears below, shows tlio academic and special courses comprised in tho Department of liiterature, Science, and tlie Arts. The School of Mines, established during the past year, comes within the same department. An important adjunct of this department also is the Astro, omical Observatory, which is more particularly noticed else- where. 'J'lio llomeopathic Medical ('ollege, and llie Dental School, also estab- lished during 1875, natnrallj^ connect themselves with the Department of Medicine, although the former has no recognized connection with that, more than with any other department of the I'niveisity. The Resident CJraduate course is open to all graduates for the pursuit of the higher bran lies of learning. TIIK ASTRONOMICAL OUSKKVATUKY. The Astronomical Observatory is situated on au eminence a short distance from the University grounds. It is known as the "Detroit Observatory,'' on account of the liberal contributions made by citizens of Detroit towards its erection. The renown whicli the Observatory has aciiuired under the directorship of Prof. Wat- son, a graduate of the L'niversity, who lias held tlie position of Director for many years, renders any description of the Observatory unnecessary. Seventeen new plnnets (new to astronomical knowledge) had been discovered by Prof. Watson up to 1874. I.UmAltY AND MUSEUM. In 1872 the L'niversitj- library proper was reported at about 22,000 volumes; Medical, 1,500; Law, 3,000. Three or four societies also had libraries, so that the * Vulo note to last vrpceiUng page. Educatiox. 107 irtiiicut of ","""', '"'' "f I'""!"' »•«" "llinatcl „t :m.00O. (>i„i,l,.,al,l„ ,„|,||,|„,„ hnvn "::,„;:Tv";,:i t";;'""? '""' '" ' "■ '""■■■ -' '■" "•"■ »< «"- ,s iH niinu.illy mn(l« for tlio impinvciiicnt of tho liliiiiiy Tho ,nns..n.n 1. rid.ly ..,m1„«,..1 with bot.u.lnil, /oOloffioal, ireolo-ical miner- ADMISSION OK WOMKN. The UnlvoFHlty was n'oned to young women in 1870, aii.l its reports .inoo Bhow n crc'ltablo representation, both of students and graduates. «>KAI)UATE8 FItOM TIIK IIKIII SCHOOLS. Into nln'r'"' .'"'■'"" *'r ""'"'\«^''««>« "f "»« I'iKl'^T class in the State are recolvod Into tlie Irexliman da^s at tlie University without examination. IKES AND OIIAKOES. Tlie only tharps made l,y tlie University f, students are: To residents of tho no::'..;;".:'';;::'"" r "'*'«' -"'' '^^ -'-^'•'ents, «.r,, an,, an annua. iTom f on all students. A person ouee matrie.dat.d is entitled to permanent member- nnnualfor' '*^^^"""'""^' ^'" "'"^ f'"*'-" >--""^'-' 1-'"^' ^1- payn.ent of the An'ROI'HI^TIONS. The State has extended aid to the University as follows: 1838, lo.an, for building purposes siuinnnn no ]8(i7, 20tlM.ull tax, two years ♦ . . Zl^C en ■87?' 2.','i"r';;^i»''";"I^"''ti'"> of .fl5,()00Vfour"ycars;'to"l873:::: (loioOO 00 18^1 |.Jo,500 for two years. f„r building hall .. ' 70000 00 87'' 5olh™nM\ ? ^^o .''h.V^'''"'"' "']'• fM"'''^* 1855 18,5(1 1857 1858 185!) ISfiO 18G1 1802 .... ""'7 11) l.i 13 10 10 .... 2 .... 40 .50 (il 75 (!3 74 13(i i;«) YEAliS. ]8(i3. mu. 1805. lS(i(i. 1807. 1808. INK). 1870. 1871. 1872., 1873.. 1874.. 1875.. %H (m . - >. o O tn i& a, a, to _ c « ^ ^■= -5 ■< — ^ l-F |5 Zl 4 1" ^ w So ft"' 23 3 .32 .»•> 3 I ,50 IW 5 (i (iO .31 (> 07 20 10 7 HO .34 5 15 70 23 12 12 !»4 41 (i 10 13 »>.» 81 ,33 7 14 18 78 5. 7 12 11 5 81 » 40 15 12 11 <) 01 ,35 12 13 14 20 71 42 21 18 20 18 71) 45 1 05 70 1 10.3 141 145 122 no 117 142 123 120 130 109 141 175 213 204 278 272 205 273 323 .301 201 a34 to y72.'''""'''^ " "" "'""" "'° ''"K''*''-' ?'" n"»'"S engineer wu.s conferred during the period 1S07 .) 1, Education. 109 |.TO,00(> 105,000 20,000 2,'5,000 .'W.OOO 20,000 10,000 32,000 !),f)00 5,000 $311,500 148,500 $100,000 ir, 109 m 141 hi 17") « 2i;i 1 2ti4 5 278 !2 272 205 7 273 2 323 3 301 (t 291 U 334 NUMIIKU OF IXSTUrcroiJS, AXl) SALVHIKS PAID. Including tlie new departments provided for durincr is7- f. professor., assistant professors, nnj i.it " to" e m 1^ ' "tIk 7 ''T !'''''-^''' an anmial salary of S4 500 the r.r<.fn..^.. ''''"['' /'"P^OJ^'- ilx President receives ant prot^ssors L ill^:^: r:^^^;^,^ S^ " '''''^ '^^ ^"^ -'^*- STATE AGRICULTUEAL COLLEGE. ESTAHLISHMENT AND LOCATION. The constitution of Michfo-an iirovidoQ thm- i.'vi t . , practicable, provide for the e^thS^^^^^^^^ " J he Legislature shall, as soon as nnce of this provision, the I e^ ,S ^ „ fsS' ;^»---ltural School." In pnrsu- ment of a State Agricukm-al S^ch^l w l.^i ' ^^T^ *'" ""'^ "^"^^ ^^e ostablish- loeated within ton^iiles ^f W g, T ! Tsl" h n'to!) ""' ^^^^^ ^« l)ody. The location was made June 10 V i ^ '^"'•'' °^ ^'"^"^^ "^ ^ne -Ki one-half miles east from Ihe " j^al !Ct tin"'" °' ''' ''■''' '"'''^ ^^^"^ timber at the time of purchase. S soil i ^erv^'' acres only were cleared of elay loam, peaty soil sand sandv In . n i 'i ? "'""'''' ^'"'^''^ '^'^'"^ '''"-^l ^l^y, runs through the farm: ^ ' "'"'"^ ^'^''''^ '^'- '^'''« ««^1 ^-^^ar river WHEN OPKNKl). OOVEKNMKNT. The management of the institution wns h, i«f'i ^ Board Of Education to a State BoanH^^,, It^u^:^ '^fr"' i"-'" V", '^^^^ porate. consisting, besi.les the Governor of U^ St '■,,.,/ • , " ' ^"'^^ '"'- ciiAUACTKK OF TiiK IN rnrrriox tinish a'i^ursc of stu ^ ^lu^nit ^iZ^"7 n''""' "'" ^«"""^"^'^- I"— « ^"'l i.> .i.ose sciences and a ^ ^ "£ ! i^fL^'r "'';"" '''''''''''' '"^^'™"«» trial pursuits," and re.,uires tlr t • he f,i> -^^:'-'^'"lt"re and ld:ulred indus- '■•"wplote it, although students arc rece X for L.h' ""r"^' '"""" ^''''''' *" select branches. The ToUcge is authoii^ ';;; e:;^;;:' L^^' *"^ ^'^ ^'"^>' «^ ' MANIAI. I.AIIOU. 110 Statistics of Michigan. wm urilaj'S ami .Siindayf!, and is i)ai(l for accord iii<^ to its valiio at a inaxiimiia rate of ten cent!! an hour. liOAUU AND TI iriON. Tlie institution is conducted on tlie plan of nialiin;^ tlie expense to students as small as possil)le. Most of the students board in the college, and tlic law pro- vides that "in assessing the price of board it shall be so estimated that no profit shall be saved to the institution.'' Tuition is free. KNDOWMEN T, Al'l'UOri{IATIOXS, AND AALl K Of I'ltOI'KUTY. The (^ollegc has a permanent endowment fund, derived from lands donated by the act of Congress in 1802, which gave to each state public lands to the amount of 30,000 acres for eacli of its senators and representatives la Congress, according to the census of 1800, for the " eiulowment, support and maintenance of at least one college, whore the leading object shall be, without excluding other scientific and classical studies, and including militarj' tactics, to teach such branches of learning as are related to agriculture and the mechanic arts.*' The income from lands already sold is something over $10,000 per annum. The annual expenses of the institution are about $25,000, the balance being made up by appropria*^'ons by the State. The endowment it is supposed will be ample for the sii,.port of the College wlien tl^e lands are sold. The total amount of State appropriation? up to December 150, 1875, lias been $440,213.50. The value of the property belonging to the State at the College, September 30, 1874, is $209,038. IMI'ROVKMKNTS AM) Ari'AUATUS*. The farm has now six f.elds of about twenty-four acres each in cultivation under a system of rotation of crops, barns, shops, and various kinds of cattle, sheep, and swine. The llorticultm-al Department has various orchards of large and small fruits, a vegetable garden, greenhouse and borders. There is an excel- lent chemical laboratory for students to work in. an apiary, musemns, and libraries. UL'ILmXC.S!. There an on the grounds twent^'-two buildings of all sorts. The three Col- lege buildings proper comprise college ball, 50 by 100 feet, boarding hall, 110 by 110 feet in its largest dimensions, and dormitory, CO by 84 feet, all three stories in height, the tirst two with basement. Tlu- laboratory is 51 by 100 feet, one story and basement. The greenhouse, as designed and partly built, is 25 by 113 feet, with gardener's rooms and potting room 20 feet square. Including the Presi- dent's house there arc^ nine dwellings for professors ami lierdsman, and tlie farm house The other buildings comprise ajjiarv >hops, barns, piggery, sheds, etc. I TKUMS, ATTKNOANCK, AND COUHSE OF .STUDY. There are three terms in each year, so arranged that nearly all the vacation time is in winter. There has been a steady growth in the nur.ber of students. There were in 1875: llesldent graduates, 5; seniors, 10; Jun!r»s, 21 ; sopiiomores, 21; freshmen, 82; specials, 11. Total 150. The College has graduated one hundred and twenty-lhrce students, about 40 per cent, of whom are engaged in agriculture. No other courses than one of general and agricidtural education have as yet been established. Educatiox. Ill DKN'OMIN'ATIOXAL AXl) PKIVATL: COLLEGES AXl) SCHOOLS. .vi.iiiux <'()i,r,i;(ii.;. ir...^'',' rll'"'.n '"'"'"■ ^''" ™'"'-"l"f l"« Methodist Episcopal CIuutI.. aiul is r' f /'"-". r""^'- <•'■ -^"^•«"' "' tl.o eentr.l part of the St.lto, on the li e Tf th Ceu ra ra.lroad. The gro.nuls oon.prlso about flfteen acres. Ther, are .re 4b In 80, 40 by 100, and 47 by 80 feet. Tlie ii.stitntion does „or aim to be -x ".nvers.ty but .nalluding board in the institution but not inchuhng n.usic and painting, are fron, .cxes being separate), and will accommodate at present about 225 students t^:T'Zl 'r: '"""" ""'- '^^^ ^^"^-^ ^'^^'"- -- ^'«' -"-»'-'• ^^ S- . ON 3. . lotal graduates fur previous years, 121. Ten professors and teachers :"•< employed. Exclusive of the endown.e. t fund, the assets of the institution jnc ud.ng, grounds l.dldings, t^n-niture, apparatus, nn.sical instrumentr ^^ ^^ ; te :.s 's -T T" ^'"" *''''*^""- '^'"" -"-vn.ent fund upon Mhich n.teiest IS paid promptly amounts to about sS80,000. The inco-ne from other sources IS about $2,500 per annum. There is a t.'dtion fee of I'^r ei n w i , ncidental exiK^nses and charges for special courses. .{o.„„ .-out. $2 50 to $5 pl term; board, $:i per week. Kev. G. IJ. McElroy is i,resident. ^ IIOIM'; COI.LKCJK. is ,1^^ i'"*.tit<.tion under the patronage ami auspices of the Dutch Reformed Church located ,n the city of Holland, Ottawa county, and is an outgrowth of tl^ et-' vas inlSol I has three departments: Preparatory, Academic <.r Colle-iate and eolog.cal. The aggregate munbcr of its graduates has been: From the' pe- iastnictors employed is n/^e. who a^s^mellnr^ld^i in tli: ^::Z.:^^ by omc of tlio oldtT st.uicnts. The value of real estat college is about $25,000. and of othe r proi)erty over and above Incumbi e occupied by the anco, about 112 Statistics of Michigax. tilO,000. Tlie amount of endowniciit i)ai(l in is al)oiit $55,000. The income from this and other so.nTcs is about §9,000 per annum. Kov. Philip Plielps, Jr., is president. KAhA:\IAZ<)U COI.LKGK. This institution is located at the village of Kalamazoo, the capital of Kalama- zoo county, being on the second tier of counties north of the Ohio line and the second east o*f lake Michigan. The ("ollege is muler the auspices of the Baptist denomination. The college site of about five acres, with building, is valued at $35,000. Investments, $88,000. The income from all sources during the year 1875 'vas $7,351. Eleven instructors are employed. Three courses of instruction, of four years each, are announced: Classical, Latin and Scientiflc, and Scientific. The charge for tuition is $0 per term, with an incidental fee of $2.50 per term, and a matriculation fee of $5, payable on admission to a college class. Kendall Brooks, president. IIII.LSDALK < OLLEGK. This is an institution of considerable importance, located at Hillsdale, in the county of that name, on the sonthei'u boundary of the State, and on the line of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern railroad. It is the educational center for a considerable portion of the northern and northwestern States, of the Free Will Baptist denomination. No report ilias been received from it. OI.IVKT COLLKGK. Located at the village of Olivet, Eaton county, in the central portion of tlie Lower Peninsula, near the line of the Chicago and Lake Huron railroad. It is under tlie joint auspices of tiie Presbyterian and Congregational denomination.. The value of buildings and grounds is stated at 883,200; library, cal)inet and instnnucnts, $10,250. The productive assets aside from buildings and grounds arc stated at $107,420.20, and of unproductive assets, $37,707. Fourteen j)rofessors and teachers are employed. There are five departments, namely: The Collegiate Department, embracing the classical, scientiflc and ladies' courses; the Preparatory Department: the Normal Department; tlie Department of Music, conducted under the title of the "Michigan Conservatory of Slusic;"' and the Avt Department. The number of students attending diu-ing 1875 was 'i",— 155 gentlemen, and 102 ladles; mmiber graduated, 13— five gentlemen an,, ... adies. BATTLK CKKi ..LKGE, The city of Battle Creek, nearly midway Oetwcen Detroit and Chicago, on the Michigan Central railroad, is the lieadcpiarters of the sect known ay Seventh Day Adventists. They have here an extensive publishing house, and in their diet and habits verge somewhat closely on what is known as Grahainite or vegetarian, having an establislunent or health institute conducted on this plan. Battle Creek College is under the auspices of this sect or denomination, although like most other denominational colleges, it disclaims any special .eectism in its teach- ing. The College campus contains 12 acres. The only building at present is a three story brick, built since March. 1874, when the enterprise was first formally undertaken. The institution compri,ses four departments: Primary, Intermediate, Grammar, and Collegiate, and reports eleven professors and teacJiers, and an aggregate attendance tlie first year of 280 pupils, of both sexes. The charges for tuition are $4 to $0 per term of twelve week.--. Elder J; uiies White is president. State Ixstitutions. 113 FKMAI.E SEMINAKIES. ..,A"«:;'':'„,"::'™„:r,?t;'',n' '?,f "'."■r "t '"'""■"°'-' '"•"""">■■' ■" IS tlio on y one of tho«G tint rpnr^..f= f„ *. T ."'"*^ ^enunaiy, at Kalamazoo, This 1. a'boarciin/Lhoor o7i ;i ro;';L;;rc^^^^^ ^^^^'"^^'^ ^'f-"«"' setts, and is under Presby eriui -^IZoT T.f, ,^ seminary, in Massachn- rcal o«fite lie siiccillciilly iiuli.cd in Ihis eomicclion, mik' rcrcnMicc is miido to Ijic law cslahli-^hiii,;-- llic (•oiiiinissidii only for i\u' pni-posc of sliowiiii,- till- tendency to Ixdler nietliods in the niana.i-cnienl, of this class of instilntions. .M{lf.\N(ii:Mi:M' AMI CLASSII'ICAIION. la coiiipilini,' this work, the title inider this head is varied a lit lie fioni that \yliich the title of the law woidd snf; Superintendent of Public Instruction. And so also, the Insti- tution for the Deaf and Dumb, and tli(' lUind, is a schoid. Hut tlu* educational character of these institutions is exceptional, and this classitlcation is adopted in this work as (listin,yfuishin.!>: them from the <,'eneral school system of the Stale. I'll M THE STATE ITIH.K; SCIIOOE. This lustilution is 1. .rated about a mile north of the city Coldwater, th(! oounfy seat of ISrancli county, near the southern boundary of the Stale, ami nearly central biMween lake Erie and lake Michiiran. i;sr.vm.isinii:Nr and <»it.ii;('T oi- tiik sciiooi.. In the year 1S70, a commission api)ointed by the Governor for the ])uri)()se, visited nuuiy of the i)oor-houses in the Slate, and found a lar<;(! number of chil- dren in them, und(>r sixleen years of a,, iudiscriminately associated with idiots, maniacs, i.roslitules. and va, received as pn|iils in such school all nenlecled' ai.d dependent children that ar(> over four and mider sixte'eu years of a,i?(', and that arc in siiilable condition of body or mind to receive instruction, especially flioso maintained in tlu' county poor-houses, those who have been deserted by their parent-, or an> orphans, or whose parents have been convicted of crime. It is declared to be the object of the act to jn'ovide for such children tem])orary liomes only, (uilil homes can be procured for them in families. The plan compre- hends the ultimate care of all children of the class dcsc,i|„.,|, and it is made unlawful to retain such children in poor-houses, when there is room for tliem in the State public school. Dependent orphans, or half or .bans of deceased soldiers and sailors, have the iireference of admission should there be more applications than room. Provision is nuule for preservin«>: a record of the i)arcnlat;(' .and history of each child. SI PKiivisioN" AM) .Aii/nions. The general supervision of tlu; school is delegated to a Hoard of Contnd, con- sistins; of three members, who are appointed i)y the (Jovernor, with the advice and consent of the Senate. The IJoard are to appoint the superintendent, nuit- rou, teachers, and cotta.i,a' manaR-ers. As an adjunct to aid in carryini? out the design of the school, w 1 lich is to provide i)ermaiient homes in good families for iced ill this 'ion only for n;i,i;i'Mi('nt of (■ IVoni tliiit incnt. 'rii(( (111' liciid of iry,"' :ui(l tlui School and 'M cniliodicd o, (he Inwti- cdiicMdoniil ! iidoptcd in li(> Stale. dwatcr, th(! ', iiiul nearly he jinrposc, ihcr of I'hil- \\i(h idiots, •lassilication Nieen years, as [)assed in it providesi, 11 iipj;iee(p(l i)f iiii;e, and I, especially il(>serled hy ' crime. It, t(Mn])()rary liiii compre- it; is made for (hem in sed soldiers iipplicatlons enlaft'e .and ontrcd, eon- die ail\ ice ndent, iiiat- ni!,' out tlic aiiiilics for * « *4 State Institutions. 115 Ciidi chilli, the Board is ompoworcd to appoint an ajjont, m1io,«c duty it is to soo to linding liomes for tliese children, to apprentice them, and keep a general over- sight of tlicni by visitation or correspondence. As a furtlier adjunct, the Gover- nor IS empowered to appoint an agent for each county, who is to he Icnown as the Agent of tlie Board of State Commissioners for tlie general supervision of charitable, penal, pauper, and reformatory institutions, who ehail assist tlie o-eneral agent in all his work INTKBNAL (iOVEKNMENT. The system upon which the institution was organized is that of the "fimily" and "congregate" combined. The children eat, work, and attend school to-ether but in all other respects live as families do, except that they are somewhat larger' being divided into families of thirty members, each family being under tlio carJ of a "cottage manager" whom the children call "auntie," who is' supposed to care for them as a mother would. She looks after their clothing, sees that they are regularly bathed, attends to the disciplining of them in all minor cases 'lit sewiu"- knitting, and bead work. " "' Eil" ■! I CAKE AXli TKEATMKXr OF TUE IXSAXE. MICIIICAN ASYLUM I'UK JIIE INSANE. The first step taken by the State towards making provision for tlie insane, was in 1848, when the Legislature passed an act establishing an asvluni, and hence has grown the Michigan Asylum for tlie Insane, at Kalamazoo. "tIic Asylum as now completed, consists of two distinct buildings, each complete in itself, which are designated as Male and Female Dejuirtments respect ivelv. Tlie capacity of the former is 280, and of the latter 300 patients. l)llil(]i|l|r. It 111 niollvos of jods for their 1 trustees arc the iiuiount bo iidiiiitteil Tim couiitj' )ortioii.s, under and of 80un(l ertiunin, egun in 1851!. 13 by 72 feet, CO, and east 54, with two ei0 (WO 1,700 «.")0 .300 .■!.)0 ;i(K) 2,a)0 Kliisi-opul. Lutlipriin. 4.W 200 ].-)fl rm 325 800 1,2,50 250 « l,(iOO 74,100 415 1,8(K) 2.W i)00 1,02,5 ],!)flO 2, 150 750 15(1 38,;i20 4.')0 300 450 700 Methodist. 100 525 1,0,W 300 1,000 K50 800 1,700 200 725 400 550 3(K) 400 I'JO 150 200 1.50 100 000 "'206 .3.50 3,000 .500 300 350 ""i.50, 200 1,700 .300 400 1,100 !)50 '"i.56 l,.3fl0 4,!).50 100 26.750 1,500 i^ioo fifi .300 1,400 75 2.50 l,(i,-)0 1,200 200 3, 8(H) 3,.50O 300 23.1.50 28 7 .30 .3(1 18 2.3 14 22 43 7 8 .30 (i 23 !) 5 8 2(> 28 17 I 2i) 3 28 14 IC (i 3 4 13 21 8 2(i 1.1 2 1.3 2.3 14 •10 20 18 31 12 17 30 47 864 1,400 2(iO 3,500 1,200 4,4.50 3,400 4,5;)0 3,4.50 3,()00 2,200 0,810 250 1,300 5,325 1, 2(H) 2,!)(H) 2,000 ,500 4(X) 5,2.50 8,.500 3,810 1,4,50 4,2,50 V^ioo l,!)(iO 3,125 rm !).i() .500 !)(H) 1,7,50 3,.5,50 4,8;-)0 1,2(K) 3, 170 7,0.50 7,770 3, 120 Trpsbyte- riiui. C'litliolii'. 3 510 "h 3 3 4 '"250 1,000 1,100 ],.520 2,800 1,300 4 5 1 4 « "'"006 2,1.50 1.50 400 850 140.290 1,0.50 1,100 1,50 725 1,100 1,200 1.50 3.-)0 :m 2,8,50 !)50 5,50 1.50 4(H) 300 1,.500 200 600 4, 7(H) 187 250 K50 2,170 4.50 700 400 2,.5(H) 2,50 1,050 3,4.50 0,1.50 0.50 4S,n25 ig: 1,000 2,300 SOO 700 300 1,1.50 300 1,900 200 2.50 300 2,500 4.50 000 1.50 400 500 1,100 2,800 900 fifij 300 2,300 8,50 1,7.50 400 3,000 .300 3,000 80 900 l,:i50 400 fiflO 776 3,.500 KiO .5(K) 2,900 575 '"266 4,000 11,400 37S 62,901 the raUnrcaluu-iVy'ofclunc™?'' "'"" r^Pr'-'^outs the number of organizations, and the second i 120 Statistics of Miciik^an. SnOCIAt, CI.A^Ml'ICATION OK CKUTAIN DKNOMmATIONS. Tho foroKoliiK tiil)lo hooiiih to liiclnch' HiiptlHts and rrcHhytcrliuiK of nil nhiidoH, hut (lie tal)lo Ity StiitcH scpuratt's llicin Into " r('jj;iilfir" nnit "other," tlio nuinbor of oija;iini/.titi<)ns und Heating capai-lly for tlio Stato imdcr lids c! r-;sincatloii Ixdii^* UH follows: Haptlst (rojtiilav). " (<>II\»M-)... »i 70.140 :i,<(H) I'rcHlivtnrliin {vcKiiliir). " (tllilCl') ... 177 10 OTHER DENOMFNTATIONS. Tho namt>, number of orj^auizalloiiM, and scatinj^ ciiiJaclty, In tlio Stato, of all dcnoniinatlons not inoludod lii IIk* foro<^oin>; table, are J4;lveii as follows: riiriotlati KviuiK»'llcnl Association* J'rionils Jo wish Horoml Advent t Hi>iritimll»l{ ,. Unitiiviiiii No. Oik, ■IS Ift 10 A 80 an 7 Cuinuily. %m) 1,*H) 4,S40 i.imi 1,700 Morn V Inn SwiMlciiliornliui Hcl'oniic'l fluii'di In Atiu'rlcaj Holoniu'il church In (I. M.ll.. UiiiliMl lii'clhrcn in t-hrist.. ITnlvCMHllliMl Unknown (union) Ni>. Oi'K. 1 ;t '.'(I 111 m Ciipncll.v. ino »7() S,7(X) •i.HOO fi.fino 760 * A nolo to tho compilor fram Itcv. .T. It. Koolor, of .lacksou, slatoH slalloth-H of thJH (|(!; Sumlav Schools. H'i; Suiulav School Hcholars, ;i,'210. t Su)iposeil to incliulo the Seventh l>ay Ailven'tlsts. A nolo to the couiiillor Irom the Review nnil lleraM, of Itatllo ("reek, (fives the foiiowintt stallsticH of Itiis ilenonilnation : Number )f eliurcli"s, 71; nieinliers, U.'i-.M: ministers. 17; licentiates, II. t The numher of orttani/.alions is iirohahlv ,ilaceil lim IiIkIi, alllioonh IncluiiinK )ilaces where) partial ai\: odilloes. l.llo; spittings, -inti^jao ; \aluo of property. «0,i;t3,Sl«. iV : < XVIII. 8CENERY. I rONDlTIOXH FAV0UA15LE TO KEST AND UKCKEATIOY. Itoforonoe has been made to tho attractiveness of MIohigan seoncry for tourists and pleastiro seekers. If rest and roereation l)o soiiglit side liy sido with what is called the comforts smd luxuries of life, or if reeroatlon with physical exercise, and the romaueo of "roughing it." bo tho desideratum, (hoy can otiually bo had. REST von Tin: WKAUY— TIIK INLAND LAKl'.S. The large interior towns of Michigan alTord every facility for comfort and even luxury of living, with the advantages of rollned society and cliurch and school t' all HhiidoM, llio uuinbor •III loll lusiiig 177 10 ' 45,ltW ,';,(KH) Stiit.o, of till »'K. Caimcll.v. 1 ino ;t »7() 'm H,7(H) 111 •2,H0O m 4,'2l« x\ ri.ftW) .'1 700 r liiiH ii(oat western extrenilty of lak- S ii„m. I,. u 0-«<'f,"> Unllalo, or Detroit, with the ^:- east do not dellro to ^V 'l^e:';^^",,""'"- ''' '' '""•^"^'^ '^■'"" thron^h Canada or hv the l..kr« , '"'^' ""' "'""crotm railway lines tl.at point ^l V'r'nJ^Jr') ^""7"'^ "' """■"'^' ^^•"' •-^"'•^'••^ <""^^'« '^t TIIK (;|{AM) TIUVKIiSK KKfJION. -';; ■'-".'« ;;:;;'»in;,;;« ;;;;;i;r;;'z,;":;:;':;;;;:;,;;r;.r'T;r A writer ,r.,i,i,, (•,,,. n. 1 i. , " "...i.tiii iiuuiii eleven niie.^. * I'nif. AViiicIirll, n I I.CI'llUIMW, 1H,)(), (•|">rt on Ki'soiirccs of t( H! fOlllllics of AllI lini, (Jraml 'riiivir,- 10 HcMi/.ie iinil Igi 122 Statistics of Michigan. in siii'h ii nmmior as to constitute ('Xtoiidcd clmniH'i.s of inlund Miivijjiitiou by w.-itor. CouneotiiiK with tiic cnst arm of tlio bay tlnoniili Eilv river, is Ell< lalie, a body of water al)out ten miles ion;?, and avera^ln^j; a mile and a lialf in widtb. I'ass- ing from tins we enter Itonnd lake, al)onl one-tifth as large, from widch we proceed northward to 'J'orcli lake, the largest in tlie region. * • From the east side of Torch lake we pass into (Uais; lake, a narrow strij) of water stretching eastward into (Jrass lake. From tlie latter we proc(!ed northward through a series of .sniail lakes called collectively Intermediate lake. * ♦ The remark- able series of lakes just described is imvigal)le for tugs and small vessels from tlie east arm of the bay to the head of Grass lake, making a total lengtli of navigable inland water amounting to eighty miles." ('arp, (Jlen, and Flatt lakes, and l.ake aux Bees Scies (or Lake "Betsie "), are also inland navigable lakes in the immedi- ate vicinity connecting with lake Michigan. Numerous smaller lakes of less impor- tance dot the entire region. The shore line of navigable water aftbrded by the lakes named is computed at one humlred and tlfty-eiglit miles. Describing the scenery at some length, the writer last quoted, says: "The scenery of the Grand Traverse region is subdued and soft— sometimes picturesque, always beautiful, in some instances exq\dsitely so. Viewed from some suitable eminence, tlie land- scape presents an undidating sea of verdure, one softly-rounded hill-top succeeding to another in the retreating view, the dimness of distance lending an ever increas- ing enchantment to the prospect." An Indian reservation adjacent to the bay, and an old Catholic Mission, are the yliief historical features, and Traverse City, a vil- lage of about fifteen hundred inh.ibitants, situated at tlie foot of the bay. is the principal capital of the region. MACKINAC. Mackinac, Mackinaw, or. as anciently, Michilimackinac. describes generally the point of approiich of lake Michigan and lake Huron, and will be made to coinpre- bend a consideraldc region round about, or be confined in its meaning to the town and island of Miickinac, as tlie particular occasion of speech may indicate. It was the site of a French Jesuit mission as early as ]()72, founded by father James Mar- quette. A writer compares the straits, in a lommercial and strategical point of view, to Constantinople on the Bosphonis, tlu? straits of Gibraltar, Singapore, on the straits of Malacca, and the isthmus of ranama. The island and vicinity are widely celebrated for their liealthfiihu'ss and salubrity, and as a summer resort. A physician (Dr. Drake) who visited Jlackinac in 1S42 for the ]turpose of examining the climate and topography, says: ."The three great reservoirs of dear and cold water, lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior, with tlie islands of Mackinac in their hydrograiihical center, oiler a delightful hot-weather asylum to all invalids who need an escape from crowded cities, jioludui exhalations, sultry climates, and ofticioiis medication." Dr. Drake looked upon IMackinac as one of the li(>althiest portions of the whole north-wejt, and to which, in time, tens of tliousands of per- sons, even from the farthest south, would resort to be reinvigorated in body, refreslied in mind, and delighted with the contemplation of the sublime and beau- tiful scenery in that region of expansive waters, rocky coasts, forest-bearing lands and clustering islands. Indian mythology makes the island of Mackinac the home of the Giant Fairies, and hence the Indians have always regarded il with a species of veneration. It is within the recollection of persons, that the Indians, in pass- ing, have made otVcrings of tobacco and other articles to these Great Spirits, to propitiate their good will. Among the points of interest on the island are "Arched Bock,"' "Lover's Leap," "Sugar Loaf Bock," "Devil's Kitchen,"' "Bobinson's Follv."" "l'o!!t!:!c"s T.riokoijt," "Skull « 'ave.'' cto.. otc. Tho'-e ?to.. etc. Tho'-e point? liiive Scenery. tJoii by wafnr, lakr, a liody rtidtli. I'ass- ili wo proceed "roin the ciist ;cr stiftrhiiig rd tliroiigli a 'J'Jic I'cniaik- Hsels from tlio I of navi;?al)le kcs, and Lake I tliG ininiedi- )f less iinpor- brdcd by the )eHcribiiijjf tlie of tlie (Iraiul i beautiful, in uee, the land- op suoceedinfij ever increas- I the bay, and so City, a vil- le bay, is the generally the le to ('onii)re- ^ to the town jate. It was r James Mar- ?leul point of Singapore, on 1 vieiiuty are inmer resort, of examining •lear and cold \inae in their invalids who I'li mates, and he healthiest isands of por- ted ill body, imo and btsui- bearing lands nac. the home vith a species Hans, in pass- at Spirits, to ic island are ' "llobinson's 123 nts .^11 have within the present knowledge of the TvL \ . I'nprovoment is not adjaeent islands while loatL ... h ,,, *''''"'™ "' ''"' '"••'!' ^vill «how the pastln.es. Tl o dl „, 1 "^ T ^ ^ " v "''^^''' t'»-'"^<-'lves as appropriate flfty-six n.iles an ; m I c"ttoit^d ('n ""7 ^'"'■' "'''' '' ""^ "'°"«'""^ «"'^'"<»" l>^ti«lt ">"l 'hieago about throe hundred and fifty miles LAKE SLI'KKlUIt. th7p:sC:.f"irri;'^s; ^rtirr .r'"^'''"'' ^"^'^^*'«" •^'--'' '»-^ves miles, wlfh its ikelets l^.vs '^.^ . ^ I ''' "*""'"' ''^ ^'''''''''' ^^''^y ^nd fifty hoids'the impr:i:n:;;:;:io^^\ : t;; :: x^rit^M"' '^'k ''- "«-""" French orthography correct the S m t in If I , ''^' """' '^ ''"'' ^'"^'^ ^ho has a history coova wUl H.'c Xlv ^ '^^o ^-^r o, vulgarly called the " Soo," at least nat'Ional I ^^Z^lll^^^^::^:'"''"'''^ '''''' a celebrity which i's mile, with a fall of about el to, n i^t f, ^ oxtending a distance of about a through the canal, >:^i;h 1 f : ' Ss '^it^'rifriV'T"'; 'f"' """"^^'^ '"'y «hicf natural feat u-os of lake W l?!. ^ ''''*"'' ''"^ ^^^^ ^'**-'''- '^'he waters, its rocky , it '^od m v n'and '""t '''''^'-y^ T "" P"'-''y «^ ^t" ous elevations Its w iter f.^s" ;,?«!, '"f^J' ^'"'^^ts, its hilly or mountain- arc its nWnerals, ^d tie m;uJd;rLS.;:.rrS: ^Lr*' ''^^ ^^^^^^"^^^' =!-:srt-irfa;:i^J'^^^^^ these qualities Z an i f m i.b J o verv"'"' T''^' ""' '"'"'^ ''^ ^^'^P'^"^"" ^""^ '•^» the lis! of vessels ClM^^Z^J^'nuT ■^••'>««"^'-'«' "-^^ ^vill be seen by favelor for pleasn" It n^'^ i""- few wonl's " V,' '"•^' ""■"' ^"^ ""''''■■ ^""^ ""' roun.I upon whi.-h I hue Hkf.n tL 1 "'" ^■''" ■'^'^'^" ^^''^^'^ ^'^'^^l the toils of followimMhe 0.0 td w , 7r ''.r " "'" ^^'"^"'"^ ^^'•'"'^ ^rom the or tarry a tinn, ^t o ,e pTaoe a d 1 e^n ^ ""1 ^•""'' ''•"*" P^*-^™ ^« J^'^^' a.nplo provision next season * ff v" "'''-'" '^'.*'"^'' "'"*^ ".ere will bo lacly or gentlo,.,an, vou can iind it in the ll T "' .l'""'^'"^ "^ l'l^'"«"'-«. ^vhother be ploase.l with g.'and so , e.'v w' to V s tn« '^T"'"" ''"""' ''''''''"'"' ^'°" '^"» i» sea..ch of agafos and c" I'lrnf in "hi , ' of '^^^^^ H""^""^- ^'«'^ ^^"" -"'^l« never known one to tire of the^ani:;:;! ! ^V^'V 'Z" ^ r^^^'/ '''^^ ;hct;i:;7;r ;r -;; ;r ^" ^"^ ^''^^ -^ -a.^;.; r: :.::; i-- ::^ The Pigeon mid ihc I'lieasniifs tliprp The Willi I>uck, and the ti.ni.l Haro-' fnUnn snakes! I have never hoard of any in the countrv Or tnU-. , l which two or three trials will ...-.in ,.« I . tountij. Or take a bark canoe, get tho 'hang' of th-u ,0 ,0 o.V '"' '"' '"'" '^'''' ''' '""•^'^ ^^^^er to the caverns mid ^ro toV w .1 J? %'? ''' "'« •'^"J''"-''^"* islands, run into And rare ag.u ' th ':;:': t^"" ,v^^!!:^!^l!" ""7 «"'- -^ ^on „>ay lllO! 1 yoii return keep along the shore and I lU SrATIsriCM OK MiCllKiAN, » f 1 \ ? I; i u 1 o\iiii)tn<< tlii> tiolltih) liitiikoti li\ wlilif xiuii' vt>ti|p, ill«i'i>iiiiil*l<> III llililv III' f'nrlv IVmM lIlM'jl, iitiil wliiMi ynn Ki'< lr lliul ivKliin, nml llii> wiiIim'. will iniil«i> n now ln'ltitj; nC mhi In ii I1<\v w'im>|im, Till' nil' lx liiininji-, >i'l "Hill, iihil U |>Iimi«i»iiI In ' ilnii iliiV"." wlllmiil |ii'im|iii'Iii>{ (lull Hitiiliii<" "liiniiliir, villi will (lii'ii »iiy .vmi liiivi' lu'vi'r ihiiiiU llliy WlKl'l' ln't'iMi>. (Hill W lli>n MKI riillHd wI|I>II|M> mhi I'IIIIH'. IIImI ll/^rllll illlhK nl' Hull you nin-o tluniglil ili'lli'lnii". ymi will iiMiili'iiiii ll mm nil iiiliilli'iiM Inn, nr »|inrliMi«i, To (III' hivnllil I liii\i> II low wuimIm in 'ini j I nin nol " oriU'IUii)i' " up llio iiiimlr\ ; l\n' I sliiill wrtio nnlliln^' ilmi nil wIki ^u, will iml lliul ii« t roprouoiil II. nr nil will! Iiino liooii will iiul oiMilliiii, oKlior mi IliU nr niiy olliof milijiu'l nl' lliolr iwt|ii,'ihiliiiioi> wliloli I li'oiil iipnii. To ynn I p>iiy, ^o, llioii; iitlliniiKli yiiiii' lioiillli <>* lliipulroil \nn Oiiiiiinl lio ln,|iiioil. iiinl I Know niio noiilloiiiiiii w lin liiiil linon Hniilli, mill In lliiMiiin, wlllinni lionolli, innl niii> Hi>iixnii on liiKo Niiporlnr roN|iiri hoiiltli, I ilnti'l Kimw why tl hIhmiIiI i\n| lollnvo i'nii!«iitnp- Ihoi HH well nx nllioix nil wlin j^n ilioro iloolmo llioy t'<llo ilo«orlpllnii. *1 i xi\. Mis(M-:i,i>.\NK()ns. I SIMMAKY OV MlrllUiAN l'H(>IU'< TH. In his luosNji.tfo In ilio l.ojilshilnro on tho Ih^l oi' .Imninry, IKjrt, (Jnv. Ihigloy suiuHimtsos Iho \jiluo of iho pimliiois nf tli(< Slulo lor iho prooodliijf yonr iih Inl- h>w>: ■• I'ho !ii>s< TO jjii I o proihii'ls nl' iho snil, inlno»t mnl roroxlM ol" Iho Slulo, I'm' tho yortr. mnniinl lo 81 l5.0. (lislilltuloil amnnjj- Iho illU'oronl InloroNls iih I'oI- hnvs: AjirionlHii';il. SSI.(HHi.(»iH>. oonslsllnn' of l5,(HiO,0(Mt hushols ol' wlionl. ',M.( MM 1.000 Iwishols ol' hushols ol' olhor >«riiins. 1 l.iUMl.iMKl hiishcls oi' pnln- toos. 1.4(HMHH> inns ol' h.iy. T.S(H).(HH) poiuiils of wool, IS.oOO.IMM) pouinlM ol' pork, 4.(XM\(HH) poiimls ol" oliooso. ami '.»S.(W.lMM> pminils ni' hnllor; omII1<> nnil hnisos vmII- jualoil at {iT.iHHUHVK ami iVnils osiimaloil nl ^lo.OOO.OiM). rrmlncl of Iho mlii<>«, *10.(HWHH>. tHiusisiinj; of SSO.O(H» tons of iron oro. Slt.OOO I mis of pljr iron, 'Ji'.IMMI tons of vMppor. ;\\u\ l.iHXi.iHiO hariols of salt. rrmhu'is nf lh(> fnrosl. ffl.l.lMMMMM). To this shouhi ho atUloil tho piodiu't of Iho luoohanioal and miiiuil'ai'lniin;^' hilini' of tho Stato. tho \ahio \i( which oaii hardly lu> osilnatod." M iMdKl.j.ANKOtlH. 125 MIMMAKV OK TA\AMI,K t.AStt ANI. fAUMH. I /■ iMcJl' " "' "'" "•"'*•""■" "' "^^'■*' '*^H "^70. „n.| |N7^. win ^•c. ('l>MIM of ;i.(l77.(Mn (!«>IIIIM*l (if r(,(w«,()f»7 <<(»n«l)» (»f Mi, 3»l.f»;«).lOH^f, •!»<».Wjr,,737 lli'MI.'J I-i'ImI lli'i'xia liiKiilili. I. mill iiircN Imi|ii'iivi'i| -Hllll IH'tTM ••XCtlll.l II., |„ lM,|,||n|, l.iiMil KXcMii.l IViim (iniKliiii. viiliii. Iiii'iiiilliijf liniii'iivi'iiiciito i'lM'IMH iiiiimIiim' (i| ^UnilM IMIMlliKI' III' iii'I'I'M ill l''lll'l)l« IIVIMIIJfl' tniliilii'i nriMI'MM li, '. ». .11 .1^,5, |i,., ,,,,il. Of |„i|ir..v...| JM.i.l, (JM-ic w(.|(, 4r,i,HH2 nvr^p ,„■ HM1 u..r '" '""• ""• ' ""•" "^'" '•• '«"* ^viH l,ri.;;.,„„o ,„.,,.., (/,. T.s.m ,,(, .^^nt! 'IIK IM l!l,|r II|;AI,T||, M.V im Mil ,i,m„.|| |„ |H7:i. u Hlal,. M.i„,.,l „r ||,.,illl, „nK ....,ililM„.,| con.hlln.. •.- -:;:-^ JU:.;;;r n:":.r ;: t.,!;;;;:::;' :;:;:.;;;;'•- ;:;:;:;r';r niiim.M .,(• morliilllv. iiiiij tin. i.|ll.,.t« ,.f i im "I"' luiiy „i i-\,\,\,.mU.,; \h,, ,1,, ,,,,,,,, ^ Ml I . Ill,, in, iiiiMt-idl l-nillilcH, ..in|il Hc ii.d M uf lliK HIalc 'I'll.. M/.< 1,...- i I . "yK"'" '"» l»i(' IW« of ;:■;;;;- ::;;:;':i':S,r'""'''*^ -■?''- ■^'■""' "-"■ -it's::,:: rilK MIMTAKY, TiM. inillmry H.VHt,.,n ..r 11,,. Sln(.. han uii,ln«o„. n-viHlo,, wl,hi„ the ,m«t few ll>. .nlllla IH ,..M„,H.M,.,I i.f vo!u.i(....rH licivv,...,, |(,. u-^,,, „f clrMitcM. '.ml fortv n .. v..ar,s known as Slal.. Iro.,,... Tin, aniLn-lalory u.:^ of l87;i , ov U Th; t ""• 'l-Ht .lay ol January, ..iKhl,...,. I.im.iicl ami .cvLnt v-foi,r and iU, InUr •iHcr. itiilii ill,, lull nil,., I,. !• ,.. ^ .*!'"' "■ " J niiii til,, lull iiiiinl IIT oC 1 ip Weill y-f„Hr coMiimnloH nliail inrrc- I r(.-a<,Jie(J ; l^iyond 12(3 Statistics of Miciiigax. which, 111 time of pciU'c. tlicro Mhall lio no liuTense." A Stutu iiilllluiy IJimril Iiiim jfcncral sii|iiTvIsiim of military all'alis. Tlio State supplies each organl/ed toin- piiiiy with imlfoiiii and armory, and cad; division, l)rl;;ade, rcKlmoiit, or company, such tents, tlxtnres. iirnin, and eqnlpnients, camp cqulpape, and siioli other military property, as may l)e neeessary. The State (nnips ure paid at the rate of thirty- live eents i»er day when on parade and in camp, not exceeding ten days in each year, and necessary expenses'. An annual tax e(|nal to ten cents for each voter, as shown by the last luecedin},' general election, is levied for tlio support of the Statt; troops. Tliere are now in coiiimlsslon two full regiments of ten companies each, num- bering ],11S4 men. This is tlie full maximum wlddi the law allows. There are besides two "Independent companies," numbering ^4,1 men, who are expeeteci to be enrolled with the State trooj)8 wlicn the law permits the udditlon to tho force on the Ihst of January next. HANKINTr IX MICIIKJAX. Below is given stiitislics of national and State banks in Michigan at tho close of the year 187."). the former tal|)oHit-> II. S. lioiuls on liiinci Other st(H'k« imil bonds lt\\e from rcsorvi' iiticntH Dnt" from national lianks Due from Stalo liankm Koal I'rttatL', etc Current expiMisun I'reniinms paid Cash items Naliniial bank notes Frar I iona I e ii rrency Spoeio I.e)fal tender notes IT. S. eertilleates of deposit Dep. witli V. s. Treasurer t |14,0(14,0'>7 H,4:H,7r)0 .V),0(M) !),7(Xl ;t.lO,047 l,-21l,S4(i .V)il,414 W.i,rM7 K")4,ti4tl !>4,HS,-> a-s,'.,!;)? l.'i4,7!W ;uii,s4« 4;i,(K)i 11»,4!U l,20i,41!l ,V(KK) ,T)2,ii;tO Total J2.5,987,OM 43 IMibiliticf, 77 Jinnks; Capital stoek . |S,;B)2,200 00 Siirplns fund Other undivided prollls l,8«;),!)«i (!1 7S4,()1H -21 National bank eirculation. ft,8!)l,2'28 00 l>ividends unpaid Jid.l.'S) 00 Indivld\ial deposits 8,-2(l(i,4 12 80 f. S. deposits 2,210 IH) Deposits I'. S. (dlleers 27,7!I5 40 Due to national banks Due to State banks Notes rediscounted. Hills payable 12;J,(!74 20 141,74!) 2;i 5,1 1,(14(1 iW 11,0(W 00 Total $2fl,!)87,035 43 STATE HANKS, OTHKIl THAN SAVINOS HANKS. Resources, 16 Hanks: Loans and dlseounts $2,711,: Honds 10" Ci' sh 4IW,i Real estate and fixtures 78, Due from banks 411, Kxpeuses ,'1.5, Ovenirafts 31, Total J3,874, SOI 44 37,1 70 ,Hi»3 2-2 as2 3H 34t! 28 7;« (8 ■sm xt 1 .Wl •ill lAabiUtics, 15 hanks: Capital Surplus Hills redis.ounted Due banksand depositors I'rollt and loss Jl,.347 112- 8, 2,200 108 ,800 78 001 20 87.1 00 ,037 47 ,014 7« Total $.'t,874,.'5!»l 21 S.4.V1NGS BANKS. Reioxirces, 12 S>anks: Loans and disooimts J4,082,806 lit Bonds 714,12,200 00 7H1,()1H -21 5,(K) 1.228 00 iai,i») 00 . 8,2(W, 1 12 80 2,21(1 iM) 27,7!I5 40 123,(w4 20 141,741) 2;i fl.M,(i4(i iW U,0 01 4,930,.')7"j 41 4!),2«2 14 2:!,1.5;t 70 l>, I'o'iiitics in vvhiuli l„,.at(Ml; (', yn.r of inn,,' JH>rrr..\Tlo,> ok citiks. lO'VM, as p(.r ccnsii" of |N7i: AljM'iia.. Adrian. .;;; Ann Arlior Hatll(!(;ieelt Hay (;ity... i*iK Hapids.. Coldwater .. Charlotte . .] Coriniiia Detroit .' K. Sa;s^iiia\v... Flint CJr. Haven . .. dr. Ilapids... <{ieenvi]Ie... IlastiiiL'M Hillsdale. Ilollnnd Ionia I>'lil)einiiijf . . A. tlie rittcs of tlio State; IKiration; I), popniatloii in 1874: Alpeiin l.enawee VVaslitcnaw. Calhoun Hay Mecosta Hranch Katoii Shiawassee . Wayne Haginavv (ienesee Ottawa Kent Montealm .. Harry . Hillsdale..; Ottawa Ionia Marquette. 1871 185:1 1851 185!) 1805 8()9 1801 1871 18(!!) 1815 185!) 1855 18(17 1850 1871 1871 1800 1807 187;i 1873 :M)(I4 8.8(i;i (l.0!)2 5,;j-2;i i;),fi!to .t.KW ■\.XUi 2.«;{i i,:m5 101,255 17,084 8,107 4,;)03 25.023 3,140 2,075 3.084 2.400 3,251 4,((02 •laclison Kalaniacoo* . l.ansinjr I-apecr Iaidln;?ton . Manistee Mursliall Manpiette... Alonroe Mnsivfjjon . •Mies.* N'ejjaunee Owosso I'ontiac " Port Huron.. -SagiiiiiwCity St. Clair..... \Vyaiidotte . Vpsilant' . •raclison Kalamazoo IiiKham ... r.apeer .. . Mason ManiKtce Callioun . .. Marquette. Monroe Muslvegon . . Herrien Marquette .. Shiawassee.. Oakland St. ( ,alr.... Sa-^ I naw . St: Clair... Wayne Wasliteiiaw. 1857 1850 1800 1873 180!) 1850 1 1871 1837 1809 1850 1873 1850 1801 1857 1850 1858 1807 1858 sta*tt^'" "" ''"•'"•l'orntL.,1 Htv, b,.t pn.ii.l of tMo .li 13.850 1 1 .023 7.445 2.882 2.177 4.8!)4 4.(i23 5,242 5.782 8.505 4.5fJ2 3,741 2,448 3,051 8,240 10,(KI4 2,003 3,338 5,211 stinrtioii of bfiiiK I lie liirge-st village In th9 ST. MAJiY-S FALLS SHIP c.vNAL. VK8SKL8 1.A88ING THE CANAL, lONXAIiK. AND TOLLS PAID. om N'LMBEii ANO Class of Vessels. 050 Steamers 803 Har^es and consorts 403 Sailing vessels 30 Government vessels 15 Small boats. 13 Rafts ;.'.".'..; 1 Wrecker 2.033 Tonniige. 477.000.47 iJitl .043.72 LSO.077.82 1.45!).20 1.021.44 TolU. 404.88 1.250,533.53 915,557 92 10,331 14 0,154 87 Vo Tolls. 15 11 $41,199 04 A.MOUNT OF KUEUiHT CAKR.EI. TO AM. FKOM LAKE SUPERIOR •iin„ ine season of 1875, and passing thrcdgh the canal: *B.0»U.812 S2 128 Statistics of MiciiiuAX. IM-' I 5 e I I 1 hi •- |.;Tit..ir \ l^'l Ml HON *'';?' h'nlnreil. Xi). nf Vrmi'Ii , Ti>iinHKi>, H,.")7« l,074,SO» i*,iU I.HHi.ICi,'-, T.S.Ifl l,.1i'l,H4| .1.11 10 I.I.W.IOH .'<,0.it I,;I(I7,H.W .-l.fUII l..'17ft,7nH ll,H4H i.Hift.nr H,(17.5 i,7.io,;«)i H,7(W l,lHt4,047 C'learett ('rpwu. O'i.NHI fii.Ol.'i ftO.H-il .'Ill.OfW .'t:l,H.iH .12,414 H2,(W7 7.t,(M!.i T.i.mw Nil. of 'I'l'IWolll, H,2ai ll,4IIS H,4'i5 .'1,114 1 ••|,7M4 !t,»W7 H,l»4.'5 H,1)4M Tiinimgu. I,70-J,;«K) I,7H'2,H'M l.W.'i.M.i l,47i,l.'.l l,44'!,IMI 1,4.11, Mt'i l,H0-2,H00 l,W)4,»H0 1,»!»0,14» Crew». 400 ,»7.'i .'ilO .127 4(17 170 Aniiiiiril :;iitli.. ri.iiis-to.1. t«)7,!r7.'5 (U 20II,M0S 0.1 J7»,yi2 41 74,(at.'t a 7I,0IS ,TS l.l'.',.«4 in NUMItK.U OF Vi;,S,SKL.S OWNKIJ IN TIIK DISTKKXS, AND TIIKIK TONNAGK. VliAll.l. DelroU IHiliM. Nil. (if VcmhcIn, .1. 1M7I 1H72 187.1 IH74 1H7.5 Tiitiil TiiM. .liliii' .'iO. Huron OiHtrM. Michltian IHHrUt. Nc. (if VcHKl'lH. 7», 102 '4,.'l«0 s.l.OOS H,'),277 248 274 2«.i ;114 .TiO Tdtal Ten miKc, ■liiiii! m. :i\,m) :«»,oii 40,.17.'i 5.!,«50 N(i, (if VcBrtcIl*, 17.5 IH4 1H4 VM 211 Iiitiil Ton. June 30. 12,7!tl I4,H2(1 1.1.012 I7,.W1 AREA, DEPTtr, AXi, ELEVATIOX OF THK CIKEAT LAKE.S OF AMERICA. GllEAT L.MvEM. Siiporior Mk'lii^aii Huron . . . Erie Ontario . •JrputcHt Iii'ii)rtli. Milii<. 450 320 250 250 180 HrcHdtli. MIICK. 170 85 120 fi5 85 Total area. Oreatcrtt HciKht Di'plli. iiIhivc Hi'ft. Vwi. Feet. 900 (JOO 700 578 800 570 250 505 700 2.'52 \ 1 PH. .S(iiiikru Ml leg. 32,000 22.000 20.500 0.700 0.300 90.500 fi tl! HI 130 Statistics of Michigan. IXTEKXAL REVENUE COLLECTIONS ]X MICHIGAN-. Tlio following .stiiteincnt, derived from lunvspaper souree.s. and presumed to be predicated upon oflieial statistics, shows the collections of internal revenue for the year ending December J]], in the several collection districts of Michigan: First l>i^;tnct _ §l,jr,4,9Sl Oo '; Fourth District $102150 52 Second istnct (13,197 9G :! Fifth District "'" 36 0S8 G8 Third District 220.510 90 Sixth District 138 384 03 INTERNAL REVENUE TAXES PAID BY DETROIT. The following was the amount of taxes paid to the United Stages Internal Revenue Department by business houses of Detroit in 1875:* Tobacco nianufiicture, other than clg-^.i-s ^974.474 01 Spirits (one di«tiliery) --i! -^'----"!!!]!!!!.'!". 110991 00 Beer (34 breweries. One concern pays nearly oiic-flftii of ' .. the tax) f,g262 20 IC:^'' 40512 91 ^"^'^i 35.120 45 Mi..cellaneoas 18,992 44 '^'^^^"^ ' $1,454,991 03 XEAVSPAPERS, There are 275 newspapers and periodical publications in Michigan, of all clause* Of these. 224 are published weekly, 17 daily and weeklv. 2 dailv. 7 semi-weeklv 4 semi-monthly, 19 monthly, 1 quarterly, and i yearly. Politically classitied. 112 are Republican, 40 Democratic, 73 independent and neutral, and 15 miscellaneous- 14 are religious, or connected with religious objects, of which two are :Methodist se'vcn Adventist (two Ilollaudsch), and one each Episcoual. Catholic, and Baptist • 4 min- ing, 5 educational. 1 Masonic, 1 Oud Fellow, 1 Grange. 3 medical, and 1 ugricultaral Five are printed in the German language, in the Dutch or Ilollandsch. and one each in f.-c Swedish and Danish. THE FUR TRADE. The lur trade of Michigan is of much less importance now than in the earlier days. The value of the raw furs handled in the State is estimated at about $1,000,000 annually, only about one-half of which amount is for fm-s produced in Michigan. Michigan furs bear the best pi ices in Europe. Among the fui-bearin"- animals are the Beaver, Blac . Bear, Otter, Mink, Marten. Fisher. Lynx, Silver Cross. Red, and Grey Fox, Raccoon. Muskrat, F^lecat. Wildcat, and Opossum. The' "Wolverine,-' which gave to Michigan its popular cognomen of the - Wolverine State," is extinct. MARQUETTE AND MACKIXAAV RAILROAD. At the time of printing the p.art of this work relating to railroads (" State Land Grants for Railroad purposes,'' ]). 91-2). no contract for b uilding the Maniuotte and ♦Detroit Boant of Traile re.jort, IS75. ~ ~~ ~ " esumecl to be venue for tlie . $102,150 52 36,()88 G8 ias,334 03 11*^68 Internal t.474 01 ),(;31 90 XOOl 00 ^.202 20 5.512 01 ).12G 45 *,992 44 [,901 05 )f all classes, f-onii-woekly, •laf^.sitied. 112 cllaneous; 14 liotlist, seven ptist ; 4 niin- •ifi^rioiiltiiral. sell, and one I the earlier ed at about produced in fur-bearing yiix, yilver, jssuni. The '■ AVolvcrino State Land niuettc! and Miscellaneous. 181 ,e e.„,pIo,<.,l by l,„ec,„„<.,. :,,, ;S77, Ua ,vUh tl.o , igt ^, 1' " I, "I 'I?' ,,'° iHltur 204,004 4,'i' ]00,:i^'0 >.! $141, M. •'■'2, .'17, Itl 190, Kl, ,104 70 ,SH6 fKi 710 ;t7 ,;i«4 01 Uc!>r, (linnli.anci blind, at h lint Tpaclicrs' instil iVt eV ,;Stato lihvarv. 1,4 «ol,(;coio^-i,.;ii ■..irvi'V!;.'.'"'"' IKV) 08 siatp piMMcpr sociotv I'o ,„ ,<^'''""t<'""!istci- Genom'rs l.,8 29 i (li'|>ar(niiMit iSoldicrs' aid I'.GO 88 St. Mary-s falls can'ai!"! Roceipts. Dlsburspnionts. $50,000 So 700 21 0,,54l m 2,000 00 260 00 22,570 8,(| .■i,025 (W 4,J,;i48 92 151,047 071 0, ;!(!!) 02 54 250 00 22,308 2,420 40,;i;» iM. 132 Statistics op Michigan. I 1 STATE OFFICERS AND STATE BOARDS. Tlie following fichodulo of State offlcers and State boards is given partly as suggestive of the civil striKtiire and working of the State government, and partly as a convenience to i)ersons outside of the State viio may wish to correspond with any of the departments: KLECTIVE STATE OFFICEUS* ANI> JIIEIU PniNCU'AL DEPLTIES. (rocernnr : John J. Baclky. Residence, Detroit. Privftto Si'crctarij ti, the (luvi'i-nov : Gp;okge II. IIoi'Kixs. Residence. Detroit. Lieiitp.nanf Guvernor : IIenisy H. Holt. Residence, Muskegon. jS'ecretdnj of State : E. G. D. IIoluen. Residence. (Jrand Rapids. DepKlij Secretary of State : AVm. Ckosuy. Residence, Lansing. Awlitir Oenpnil: Rali'II Ely. Residence, Alma. Deputy Auilitor General: IIubekt R. Pratt. Residence, Lansing. Commissioner of the Stale Land Office : Levehett A. ( 'eapp. Residence, Centervillc. Deputy Commissioner: OzKO A. BoWEX. ]{esidence, J.ansing. jS'tate Treasurer: AVii.i.iam B. Mc(;;heery. Residence, Flint. Deputy Treasurer: CiiAUEE.s II. HoDSKix. Residence, Lansing. Attorney General: Andrew J. Smith. Residence, ('assopolis. ^Superintendent of Puhlic Instruction .• Daniee B. I$i{i(iC.s. Residence, Romeo. Deputy Superintendent : CoRTEAXa) B. STEiiiiiNji. Residence, Landing. Meyents of the State Vnirersity : Samuee S. "Waeker, St. Johns; term expires 188S. Byron M. Ci tpheox. Manistee; term expires 18S;5. Edward C. Walker. Detroit; term expires 1881. Andrew Climie. Leonidas; term expires 18S1. Charles Ryxd, Adrian; term expires 1879. ('LArDUS B. Grant, Houghton; term expires 1870. Joseph E.STAitROOK. Y])silanti ; term expires 1877, Jonas II. McOowAN, Cohhvater; term cxi)ires 1877. The President of the Univer- sity. James B. Angell. LL. D., Ann Arl)or, ex nfflcia. Members of the State Hoard of U'ncatfon : ED(;ar Rexkord, Ypsilanti ; term expires Deccmher 31.1881. AVittev '. Baxter, Jonesville; term expires December 31. 187r). Edv'ard Dorsch. Monroe; term expires December 31,1878. The Super- intendent o: Pul)lic Instruction. Hon. D. B. BuKiCis, e:i- officio. tState Hoard (f Auditors: The Secretary of State, the State Treasurer, and the Commissioner of the State Land Ottico, are, by the constitution, made a Board of Auditors to adjust all clainjs against the State. OFFICERS AND HOARDS CREATED 1!Y THE LEGISLATIRE. Commissioner of Insurance : Sami:::i 'J. Row. Residence, Lansing. Deputy Cnaniissiiner : Henry X. I^awrence. Residence, Lansing. Commissioner of Railroads : Stephen S, Conn. Residence, Kalamazoo. Chrk to the Commissioner of ]{ailroads: Samtel F. Cook. Residence, Lansin"'. State Librarian: Mrs. Harriet A. 'J'enney. Itcsidence, Lansing. State Salt Inspector: Samiel S. Garrioues. Residence, East Saginaw. State Land and lload Hoard: The Governor, the Secretary of State, t! Treasurei, the Auditor General, the Commissioner of the Land ot Attorney General. State Siranip Land Commissioner : Joseph P. Haviland. Residence, Traverse City. Clerk to the Commissioner : L. II. BRicids. l{csidencc, Lansiu"'. the State )ltice, the * Mile fk'ctlvc tiy tlio coiislitiitioii. Miscp:llaxeous. 133 !iice, Centorville. e. IJoineo. Travori-c ("it v. ncKMAN South Haven; Fkankmx AVk,,,.,. f;„„,sta.iti,K.; Mii.rcv J GvHi, of -a..s county; J. WKn.TK.t ('„„.n.s Ypsilanti; (;,:„. yv. Vuu.J Kon.eo tlm Au/iK, Lansin-; (. H. Hiu.uiam, Ann A.bor; Ueshy F.Lvsiki:. Detroit • Joiiv i.Krs:itSri"s;;::r= ^'--' ''—- -— ^--^ "-- 5^ /yj. ; r ^^'=/'^'7'^^' i*<'^'«'-- OiiAHrKS M. CKOSWKLL, Secretarv, Adrian noauloj irnstc^s for the Mich>>m Asyhm for the Insane: Luther H Tka " Kalamazoo; term expires ISTO V '='>''otte; term expires 1881. JAMKs, A EuoMN, Detroit; tenn exphx • 1877. William A. Tomlinsox Kala- S^^F Z.^n'v'D r-; /""^"^ ^"^^^' ^''^^^ ^'^^^' ^-^ '^>i^os IsS?. JAMKi, J.. liriMAN, Detroit; tenn expires 1878. C'iiakli-.s T Mrrciiiri • fern, expires 1879. Dr. E. H. Vax DiasKx, Medical Superint i deni, KXtoo Comr,ussu,nrrs of the Eastern As>j,u,n for the Insane: Wahkkx G. Vivo" Detroit • ii.it, BAMULL (jr. IVKS. L nadilla. Board r,f Trustees of t7>e Institution tor IJ.ncatln, the Deaf ana mmb. ana the Blind: 1. D. Hanscomh, liomeo; term expires 1879. A. L. Aldiuch Flint- term S^l^al^Filnt^'""'"^-'""^^"''^^"™^^ '^™ ^^^^^-^ '^' K^B.::;" /'.« Z /; T ; ;• '" ^- "'^'^•"'"•^-' ('ol'Hvater; the Governor, ... officl, m' yunf" T" ''''"'"' ''"'""'■■ ^■^^"- ''^- ^''■^'•^' J'^-'^-J^' term expires !»'.». E. r. Dams, Lansing; term expires LSSl. Daniel L. Cuossmvn SVll- la nston; erm expires 1877. Fkaxk 31. IIowk, Superintendent. Lansin''. Mate Pr,^n Inspectors: A. A. Bliss, Jackson; Wm. S. Wilcox, Adrian- Fv.-vv- KrrK W. LovELL, Glimax. Wm. iriMrnuEV. Warden, Jackson. ' State Ue,o,,,ral Board: The (iovernor. the .Superintendent of ' Public Instruction the President of the State Board of Education inaiiution, v/ ' .";-^»;--^^'^"'''tee; Dakils .Moxih.e, Bronscn; J>. Deax Wakneh, Farmin-tcn State I,sk a,.nnussloners : Eli K. Millkk, President. Kiddand; Gk^J^'^'^ im^,;,f-:^hf '"''^'"''^ ''' ^^o.erLo:....,,W„.. Gkoi.e 11. Jkuome: ^^llt.,nl officers ot the state: The (iovernc. :onnnandei-in-(:hler; Brig. Gen Joux < no.al. Ur.J,. Gen. Ltni.-.u S. TnoM-nini.r.,;, inspector (ieneral; Maj. GKOK.iE ^lu^^^Aa:^^::::'''' '''"''''-' " ^"^ < •onnnander.ln.C.hief ^ M.i- .Tonx Vt..KOUi,; State Mllltnrij Board. the Inspector General (-•has. E. Giiissox. St. Johns: IIexkv M. Di imiel... D.-trolt; "in 1 1 I i m niii m 184 Statistics of Michigan. (joiuik(;tioxs axo emexdatioxs. TVI'OdltAl'lIIfAL COUUKi TIONS. . Ill tliR seooii.l paragraph on page 50. tlio middle letter in the name of Dr. Jaeksoii should be T, instead of J. The erroneous spelling of the word "ores," at the end o,' the sixth line on i)ated near the bottom of page 5J will bear some reduction. I'er contra, tlie largest specimen of m.ass copper stated at 44(! tons (p. 58), taken from the :Minesota mine, it is I'hiimed should be 5-10 tons, .agreeing with the last paragraph on page o;{, and from the Pha^nix mine (p. 58), statell at 200 tons .should be 500 tons. ' THK IliOX STATISTICS. "With the view of verifying the data on tliis subject as fully as possible, advance sheets were forwarded to Mr. If. ]J. Tiittle. of ("leveland, Ohio, with the request tliat he would suggest any modifications that he might tliink proper. The result of his examination is given in the following letter: MU. S. It. M.Ck.vcke.N: CI.KVIvT.am., May 11, ]S7i). J >var .Sir- In .ircoi-ilaiicc «iili your rcMUf^t, I liavo hastily <'\amiiuMl iiio matter wliich you sent me toiicliiii>f the iron district of .Mirhij?aii, ami woiilil siiKK't'st its moilillcatiou as f..ll->,vs": l'aK'»' (iO.-riitil 1S,V> the only ore mineil wits lor use in loeal lorKes, makiiiK lilooms. Tlie llrsi shipment l"ron-_ Maniuetle was iu 1S,m, heiuK 1,147 tons. I'aKe fit.— The eonnnent.s on umlernround minins may have been aiipropriate to 1S70, but not at tins (late. Nearly all the olil mines have smue umlergrouml work. Tlie Chamiiion autl Mielii. ijamnie are entirely uiiderjironml, their experieme liaviii- pj-oveil that to be the best metlKnl lor those mines. I'aKe Oi-In the paraKraph on the cnmlity of the iron, it may be remarked that the iron pro- (hiee{her Ki-ades of iron and ste(d. The distine. tiou between Ilr.st and seccmd elass ores eonsists chielly, but not entirelv, in silica, and of this all the 'llax" ores have an excess. rage Oa— In the llfth line from the bottom, should read, ordiwifn u.ses, in the place of "iirac tioal" uses, .such a method beiuf? only admissible in niakiiiff common iron. Pages 04 and (H -since 1S70 improved methods have been discovered and adopted by the best chemists for .letermining phosphorus, Imt the process is such a delicate one that even good chemi.sts now diller in reporteil results frmn tne .same specimen. In the list of mines (page (i4), the reported per cent of phosphorus and iron, obtained by analysis of specimens, is not correct as to .some of the mines, as is now well known by results obtained on a large scale in the use of the ore.s. The difficulty lies in obtaining specimens which shall represent an (tvcraye of the ore as furnished for actu,.l use, and if with great care and good judgment (he uvorage has been 10 iiiimo of Dr. til lino oil page jstcd siiico that ! 57 of 27 tons shown by tho 1 tons f^iven in a ii multiple of if the first table ho distribution of mass copper IS (p. 58), taken r with tho last (1 at 200 tons, issiblo, advance 111 tho re'« Plains - i^- as t..;; L 3in ol^a'^r; te';!:;r"' '^" ---'-^ <^omest^eu.. hoat of the snn; in autumn ^ S.o o th "" '''' ' P'-^^'^^tion from the brilliant tints -..neotoil fro > tl e f r^^. ? ^'''' ;'"' ''^'^"^ ''^ ^^e thousand scarcely ap,.rociablo liftv vars a-o n riv safrU it I^ •'' l'*'!^"'''^*'"" ^^-l""-^!', tl.is time at tifteen hundred thou and L if i ^\^''^\\^^ '-ound numbers at '"arket lor its own unmati o Xlion' it V 'T'"' TT^'^^^ ''' '^'*""^'' '" '''' no new State, can claim a lii,h; :?: n :: '' ^ il^'Sic 1 u r ^'t' ^""^"'"^^ icrtility, accessi.>ility, and liberal terms t ,^ ^^..f I '";;','" ""■"^^' agricultural products, or at least -i .-immfv <.r > ^ .• ", ''""^ ''" as^rogaio of the imagination can well c.n.dvn t T- '"•'^'''"■"^•"' '"'yond any limit which of its forests a c " so r" o wl .U. I '" ','"""''■'' '"'" ^■'"•'^^^■- '''"« P'-oJ"ets iron and copp! 4 1.^ i, ^ " J^? '"^'T^ 'r' '""'^ ^"'"^ '° ^-"^ ^^ '^« both in the ricmt^o u/tp its .1 rV; '"^^f ^1'"!-'^ ^"'"'"-'Sing the world, ■'alt, gypsmii, coal .Mte le of the or6 was ol'ta ,', " '" 13G Statistics of Michigan. structure, botli ciliicatioiiiil and benevolent, which, without boast iniij, it i8 believed will, in its scope and dcsii^n. bear favorable couiparisou witli that of the most advanced connnunities; while in her social, moral, and rclij^ions status, licr people will rather prefer to be jud<;ed than to pass judgment upon tliemselves. The ettbi't has been, in the forei^oing work, to set forth in perspective our Bkal'TIKUL Peninsula, as w(dl in its native beauty as in the beauties and attrac- tions that the labor of man has I'ddcd unto it — for unwm'lhy would our peoph- b(! of such a heritage, did they fail to improve and enricli it. This work is designed primarily for those who may not have had the opportunity U) behold our Beau- tiful I'eninsula by looking about them, but who maj' not be imwilling to receive impressions of it through the operation of the reasoning and rellective powers. We dismiss the work, tlierefore, and commend it to the reader with the spirit of the motto of ^^hil■h Michigan is modestly but Justly proud. ■.i;:;i«i*.xsaa5C, .: - cfs:r^;-ff mmiX"->'W'' it is believed t of the most lis, tier iieoplo Ives. 3rspootive oiiv ies and attrae- oiir peoplr b(! irk is designed lold onr Beau- ing to receive 3ctivo powers, itli tlio spirit