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«p 
 
X 
 
 FDllK IBTIIRII'-S OF aiNH-iCT 
 
 KOK I UK 
 
 Continent oi ^ortli \\m\a 
 
 i4.)7 i^^')7' 
 
 II V 
 
 \V 
 
 ruAA\y\ ^ll^VKNS PKKKY. 
 
 of the Ami-rican Clii"'/i- 
 
 
 
 ,^i,^^^sggmi'0m^mmim«s^- 
 
U"^ 
 
 ^A^ 
 
THE STRUGJU OF THf UT,N "OPLf"' 7,° 
 
 The Ktua.nt of th. ori^'innl ^-^^^^^^^ 
 ,,n AnuMicMU history imU '^''"l'^^';"Vr f. 
 inturi... -l..-two.nllu «.Htn, ,001... an 
 tl>. Kunn. fuilh ni.\ th.- M.^'Uh Unm > 
 
 „ontof North A.n.riov. W h(-n C oluml a« 
 ,Uan,oa t., ,'ivo to C^.stiU> an.M.-n - 
 now svorhl, iHit :i tu'W |.athw.iy to th huul 
 
 tirmiHUhisHn,.pnBititinus«moMhMlm - 
 tahh. \NVHt to Span, it svus no i-mt of tho 
 
 m„-no80 or pnli<V of th.-ir--C.tholu- >..].■«- 
 £•• or tho^ llomnn pontilT to .lu.re hose 
 new poHSPKsions \vith ntiy olhrr p..oi-" oi 
 Tv other faith. Th. In^of I .p. Ah-xan- 
 (ler VL, in UW, whic-h hsm-uM tlio iHn>l)- 
 iLoven-a W<-st to Castil. -uul Arraj^oo, 
 a,atholinoarawnbyhu^svhoc-hnnu.a o 
 
 Hit in I'otor'B scat, which shut oat all he 
 :!;i;u;eHiaofn.nthe..hu,asofthoBott,^ 
 
 Hun * mad.- this aetrininntion plain, l^rau- 
 
 PX.iiulH- VI ■ is-M.M ''''\ V h,, , i a k'.i.r' l-M.-* ..r fa^lil.- ii>Hl 
 SulvH.lur t,y roU"'"!'"^ /\^ /. w ith p vIhuh ur.t.l miuU- 
 Arnm.Hi. T',' """p "' , ^IX i>? I S iV tt.n (ruw.i of I ..rt- 
 
 irii'S i..i-t ..f <'"- '';V''::,| , '' M- .. II UH that .!,<- rxpr...sion 
 ,,\[ (I) 111!' »iT' "f ", '' r; Ml, . tui'i' •• H"V i:'l ">" I'""' '',"'' 
 
 it-oiiaiii, I" '■■"-'!'"'•. .,|J"N„.i','u-.. with S,.aiii »M;y'>'iJ 
 eru diacovery and Boltloau'ut. 
 
 fS*|!aS?-'39633(fS5#S?T'fflf^^ 
 
cifl 1., of I'VaiifP. at rv Intor day ridiculeil 
 tlio oviilt'iit iiiti'iitii»u iif tli(> Italian popo ami 
 l\w SpaiiiHli kiiij^ t<i iipj)ri>priat(' to tluMii- 
 8«'IvoM all tlio (liHCDVi'iioH ill tliH Went; and, 
 iu tiino, waH found amnnji; tlits fort'inost in 
 th'5 bt'uj,'^'li^ of tlio Latin pfoploH for a foot- 
 ing and for fortunoH on tlio North Anieri- 
 cnu 0()aBt. Enj,'land iicvor rtH-o<,'nized tliirt 
 ftllinuco Imtwoon Kpiun and Uoiuh to socure 
 Bolo poHHt'Hsion of tli(> WcHtoru li(MniHplu>re. 
 Little recked John Cabot, Hont out on Uiw 
 quPHt by Kin;,' Henry VII., the binding,' ob- 
 ligation of tho papal partition of all lauds 
 and boaH hitherto unknown between Portu- 
 gal and Spain. It wan for England's Crown 
 and England'H Church — the Church of 
 Magna Charta-- national, free, and with 
 rights and liberties inviolable — that this 
 daring adventurer, nailing westward in the 
 ship Matthew, of Bristol, discovered on S. 
 John IJaptist's Day, June 24th, 1407, the 
 North American continent, and took formal 
 possession of the Primit Vistd— the laud 
 first seen. It was Cabot who first found, 
 despite the Roman pontiff's decree, and first 
 explored, iudifl'erent to the papal ban, the 
 territory now [jossessed by the United States. 
 In raising the cross of Christ, with En- 
 gland's arms affixed, on American soi!, 
 Cabot not only laid claim to the continent 
 by virtue of priority of discovery, but also, 
 in deed at least, emphasized England's 
 "protest" against Rome's usurped suprem- 
 
 / 
 
If 
 
 Boi!, 
 
 i 
 
 
 Rcy and Spiiin'H jotilouH diHliko. Woll wns 
 it for tlio futiin' of <»iir I'mil tlmt on the 
 fifHt voyage of Columl)ii8 tliu wfiHterly courHO, 
 wliicli liml l)t'(«ii imrhuccl from tlio stiirt, wftB 
 clumgocl to (I Houthwt'ht.uly dirootiou whou 
 tho little llect whh witliiu ii fmv liours of 
 reiichiiig tin* I'loriilii or (!aroliim hhoroH. 
 A (lay or two further on their wiiy due west, 
 BH Humboldt remiiidrt uh, and the potent iu- 
 flueuces of tho (lulf Stream would lmv(< 
 borne the HhipH up the Atlantic coant, and 
 thus revealed to (lolumhuH and his crews 
 the southern territory of the United States. 
 Strangely diiTorent wc.ulil have been our 
 civili/Htiou, our ChriHtianity, our institu- 
 tions, our hlHtory, our very featur(!H and our 
 speech, hud tho ntandard of ('aHtilo and tho 
 Latin CrosH been tirht planted on the Nt>rth 
 American mainland now in poesesHion of the 
 United States. Clod, we may well belitwe, 
 in His wise Providence caused the deflec- 
 tion of the hehuH of the caravels of Colum- 
 buH— the Sant'i Maria, the IMnta and the 
 Nina, from their westward course that our 
 discovery might be by other hands than 
 those soon to be deeply imbrued in the 
 blood of the gentle aborigines of the islands 
 of the sea. God in His Providence willed 
 that our civilization should bo that of the 
 robust Anglo-Saxon, the dauntless Briton, 
 — rather than that of the effeminate Span- 
 ish type; that our faith Hhould not be 
 Roman, but primitive, Catholic, reformed; 
 
timt our iiintitutiMiiH nluml'l Im IIhimo of lili- 
 crlv-lt)vii ^' Ivyliriliiiii'ii, mid imt hiu'U hh 
 tlit'tymmmiiH ^Ip'iiiiind fori'cil ui»i>ii Mi'xii-n 
 ftinl till' South Ann riivui p i»|»!i'rt at tin) 
 ijoiiit of til.' hwonl I'op'' mill IVt'Hiilt'iit 
 biivo of Into yviMn ci.lK'il upon uh in allocu- 
 tiiHi mill piMcliiiiiutioii to c.'lt hnito tin' (Uh- 
 covt ry ul' Ami lii'ii liy ColtimlMis. liot uh 
 it) our ^riitulatioijH, pliblic fiti<l priviite, itiul 
 in our i'tiii'itatioiirt tlitit llin iit'W worM, of- 
 ten lliHl'oVt'll'il 1)1 fnlf, \VIIHO[HMUm1 foUT OfH- 
 
 turu'H n^o to tho ki>o\vli'il;;t» iind pirnHPHHiou 
 of all till' nafioiisof ljir.41", lioartily tlinnk 
 IJuil Hint ("oluinltUH ili'l ii'^t iit litiht tlist-ovor 
 tho territory of tlu' Uniti'd StiitoB or eveu 
 tlio North Ati). riiiui CMiitinent ; ami that wo 
 ns H people owe iieith. r discovery, i'dIoimzh- 
 
 tion, inxtittitioiiH, fret'd- faith or appoch 
 
 to Spain or Huiiie. The hull of 15or^'ift. •' 
 whoHU eh vatioii to the [)a[wu'y waw Hccurod 
 by hiniony, who.se lifo wan j^roriHly iin[)uro, 
 luid whoHO earner diHplayed his utter nol- 
 finhiifKH, ari well as hiw irr<'li;,'ioUs and pro- 
 found oouti'iiii)t 'T ecfhhiadtical propriety 
 and decorum, wuh uot, by tlu> reekleHS tnic- 
 
 ~ tl'"I"' Mi'Ji'inih'i' VI (llcdri'.' . Iloruin >, i.h «■«• h-nni from 
 
 (llcKMCM'l.iplr.llIl r.ntllMliicM, iH'lIl"lllorMlill'll~llllMll«.-t C'lllir- 
 
 ncliTi-*!!!' iiic-iriuiiiuii of III.' H.cn'hr i-|'irit »l llic lirti|.'i,lli 
 coiitvirv." I'liillnfiili' iil'k" 111 I'Ul'lii' "I"' lirmili' life, ili"ti- 
 fiiii. c.f miir.lii.v, iii.liliii-iiiiinh li. .'iillniM, "IIh' hiiihpiii'kniI 
 I'luiniol.T of liif .-l-vlion" to tli<' |.;ipti«y ; ih iikIih.iiI.iI.I.". 
 IliK liimiH-~ v\c'!'- iccriiili'il by ilu- op. ii m .1.. of in;hviM-tinil 
 iillii'i'hiii.dfiaiiliiiil |.nviU.|;,bof..viykiiicl II.. ..Icviilcd liij 
 
 HI.. 1 i.i.llli-.'.l i-.'ii, 111' i.r, |o Hi" < (iriliiiitliili' 111 111.; lip. or 
 
 (.i«lit..iMi, uiil.lu>.liiiii! iMTJiiry Imiiih e-orl.'.l l.i, for tli.' |Hit- 
 poso of c'oiu-c.allni; lii- ill.._.iliiri.il.. liirlh. I li.; .•iioiiiuly of 
 
 Xli'Xi.iMl.T'H.vil.l-.'.UiHOHlyx<! I.Mll.yt nM.llroiii.Tywilli 
 
 wliii'li lli..y wn> p.Tloriii.'.l. It wut. tins "liolj fallicr «li» 
 MOiit Biivoiiiirola to tli" ntiiku. 
 
10 (if lib- 
 HlU'h ax 
 
 > at thi> 
 'n'Hi'li'iit 
 
 11 allocu* 
 tlii> iUh- 
 
 liCt UH 
 
 viiio, mid 
 ,urltl, of- 
 four ocn- 
 dhhohhIoii 
 ily tliaiik 
 
 (lisf(tV(M' 
 
 i or ovcu 
 
 I I that wo 
 
 CMlnlli^ll- 
 
 If Hpooch 
 IJoij^ia. I 
 i Homirml 
 ,' iin[)urp, 
 itt.'i- scl- 
 iiiiil [)r()- 
 propiifty 
 U'HB trac- 
 
 <• li'iirTi fri)in 
 lii< iiiii^t cliiir- 
 
 III!' liftl'I'Iltll 
 
 If life, ilii^ti. 
 I' .'•iiiiiiiii'ii'iil 
 
 ll||F-|>lll.'|ll|((." 
 
 Iicll'i-i(l-tll'(ll 
 ' l-ll'Vlltl'(l hiH 
 
 III tin' ii«n of 
 I, for llii' piir- 
 ■ iMiiiTiiiiiy iif 
 tioiiii'i'V with 
 
 ' flllhiT" who 
 
 1 
 
 \ 
 
 iHif of a lino (.11 a map, to tllHpoHrt for nil 
 tiioo of tho «n>at.«r [.ait ..f tli.- Iiumaii nu'O. 
 (J «l liml otluM- .l.«>*i;,'i.ri for tlii> W.'Htoru 
 worl.l; iinil novor Mnain wan tlio HUCcoHHor 
 of S. I't't-r to appi'iir in liintory an tlio uu- 
 dinputocl lioHtowi^r ..f kiii«<lomH ami contl- 
 neutrt. III tiio atl.Mupt of l'oi»o AI.(xaiHier 
 VI. to luljiist tilt) rival clainiH of Sjiaiii and 
 I'ortnt^al to tli'* now world and luako it all 
 •'a ti.rf (.f lli.iuo;' tho papacy appoarrt for 
 tho lartt tiin.i an tlio ultimat.' trilmnal of ap- 
 noal for Clirirttiun nalioiirt ami art Hooming 
 to hold tho HU/irain.ihip (tvor tho lieathou 
 
 world. 
 
 It irt in ovitlnnco that Kn;,'land'rt HtatoB- 
 mou and pcopio ront.'d on Ihirt priority of 
 dittcovory of tho i-ontiuont liy tho Cubotn 
 tho nation'H claini to tho right of a footing 
 ill tho Wostorii world, in tho " Di«courHo 
 of Worttorn IManting," u cloaoly reaBonod 
 and oarofnily inopnn •! Stated i»aper, written 
 l.y llichanl llakluyt, I'rohoudary of WoBt- 
 luinHtor, at tho retiuoHt of llaloigh in the 
 Bumnifa-of ir>Sl, and intondod to iutorest 
 tho (iaoon and court of England iu the 
 BchemoH for Auiorii'an colonization of which 
 Ualt'igh wiH H I'hiof promotor, wo find this 
 claim^fully wot forth. This " Discourao of 
 WeHtorn IManting ":t wan presented to the 
 
 ""iThoMH. of thi» imiiorliiul imi.i.r wii« <liM.'ov<.r.Hl hy th* 
 
 "J. whi lmkiM« .HHcurrh... i„ Km'hi.i.l or miiti-rml illiw- 
 rn i'nu . . rly lu«lory of Mulin., It wum Ii.h . print.).! it. I lio 
 
 !•(", ".^..l tmoftho MtiiiM. lliHtoriril SmMnty il.i. ,| t i« ...h. 
 
 torn ii. of l)r WocmIh iumI tho Into tlmrl.-» Dhhm.., Mi.l)., imd 
 
 h "bum HuliH....u.i.tlyit.«liiil'Ml 111 tho r..priti.t of nukluyt . 
 
 '•Col leot ..11 of ^..yiitfoV- r..ooi.tly i«Huod m Kdmburgli. 
 
^^ 
 
 ^MOD Piirly in tho nuttimii i»f IIh> yoar it 
 whioli it wiiH cnmiM.H.Ml, ('oj)ioH .»f lln> on^ 
 iufil, iiM it iippi'iirrt from tin- nu-onU ..f tin 
 UoIIh OlVii'f. w«r« tmi.lo f«»r WiiUiiij^lmni 
 nnd. noHHil.ly, for tli.' Marl nf l,..iiM>Mt.>r, ft> 
 well UK f.ir i:iizul.i'lli. lA>r Stiito i-oiiMotm, 
 d<.ul)tl.'rtH. it wiirt not inolu.l'.l in "llu< >(irtiit 
 i)r.)Hi> oj.ic (if tilt- rtM.l.iii Kii^'lir-h iintinn,' 
 RH I'rou.lo Htvl.H llakluyt'H "l"!)!!.'!'!!."!! ol 
 Voyiiy.'H," |)ul>lirtli«'<l lit thiH tiiut>. VUo 
 HtfttouitMitrt f.)iitiiin«><l in tliin r.>coiitly <li«- 
 covor.'.l nmiiUMcriiit, both from tho i-ircum- 
 BtiuicoH of their |.r<5|.iiration iiiiil tho uhoh 
 tlioy won' i!it<'ii.lt<l to Horvo, may ho ro- 
 jfiircU'il tiH oxprt'HHiiig thu I'linifHt cotivic- 
 tiotiH of tli't writer, iiml tho f.'oliii^j of tho 
 nopuliir iniiKl. linUhtyt war* cortiiiiily wi'll- 
 Informed iin.l wan (piite unlikely to mnrep- 
 reHOut exintin;^' fu'lrt in a i»ai""r primarily 
 propiirod for tlu> (iuotMrrt individual uho It 
 iH Hiililuyt'H iiPHertiim that the firnt ohjoct in 
 viow in tho "Werttern IMiintiiij,'" ho propoHod 
 to England's (^ueon anil Htuto wnu — wo 
 quote hiH wonirt - "the weokinj; the ridvancn- 
 inontof tho kin^'dom of Chrint;" "tho en- 
 liirj,'emont of the j^doriouH ( JoHpol t>f tUiriwt ; 
 nnd th' "reducin;,' of infiiiito multitudoH of 
 theBO Biinplo p.oplo" (tho alK)ri;^Mn.>H) "that 
 Hfo in error into tho rif,'ht and perfect way of 
 their Halvation." These inotivoH ho (isrtortrt, 
 (ind "not filthy I«uto nor viiin oBtentation 
 * worothool.ji'ftrt lir.-t in view." Noticing that 
 "the papiHts olaim for thetUMelvcB Catholic- 
 
» yofir ic 
 
 tli(> orij^ 
 U .if Ihi 
 Hiii^liiiiu 
 
 rOHHDilH, 
 
 iiMtioii,' 
 I'l'titiii ol 
 io. 'llio 
 iitly tliM- 
 < I'irciiin- 
 
 tllO UHOH 
 
 y lid rt'- 
 t CKiivic- 
 
 IIJ^ llf tlio 
 
 inly well- 
 1) mirtr<'|>- 
 priiiuirily 
 
 ,1 UHH It 
 
 iiliji'ct ill 
 
 WHH — WO 
 
 adviiiu'j)- 
 
 "tlic on- 
 
 f ChriHt;" 
 
 titlliloH of 
 
 i.>h) "tlmt 
 Oft wiiy of 
 i(> (iKrtt>rtrt, 
 Btoiitiition 
 tiiuiif^tlwit 
 Ciitholic- 
 
 ■ ,1 
 
 1 
 
 i 
 
 I . 
 
 1 
 
 _7- 
 Uy brciu-n Ihny hnv*^ bwo the '"'ly;"J; 
 
 ChriHtiunity." ilukluyt urK"- 'M'«"' ° 
 
 Qmnn. .iH .-M..! nmonu "liu. j.Mno.H of th« 
 
 :.form..an.ll«io.."loUk..iuinu.atliMmH. 
 
 t..r of «VHi.K.-li/in« tl.o .ihon«in-M ..f Amor- 
 
 L;, HHUu aHK..,tio., of KMK'Lm.U r.^ht to 
 tho ....HHOHHiou of th. Noitl. A.u.r.ni.. .on- 
 tim'ut. «'\V...lnrivooi>r.i«htHn. Am«ric.i. 
 
 miud IWuko, in hi- "Accunt of I .. -a o- 
 ,,„ SoUlounMUK iM Amorin,-' iml.hHho.1 u 
 L.aury.mdubulfKKo. .from the a.H.M.vory 
 'V * , . Cnl...t. who fuHl iu.ulo tbo 
 Northern .onti.M...t ... I U»7." "/''"i;^-;!. 
 
 .«Ul.'U.outH ii. Norti. A.M.r.m. ll.o No h- 
 'rn c-o..tinn.t of ll.«' n.w worUl. writon Jub- 
 ti„\Vi..Hor in hiH"AVun./<.v.nmi(;n/m/ 
 
 il.nd'H C'...ot thirUHM. inonths .ml moo 
 l„.foroColu.nl...HHih'l.t.Hl thoooanto South 
 Americ, tl.i..i<i..^' tl.fit 1.0 l.m r.;..ch.-l tl.o 
 
 ^ilaof i.ui;'ti.."CHa...y"ofinH,hio-io..g 
 
 cu.'Ht. It w..«, .IB w.> l..iVO BRid lu Juno, 
 U.)7 th.vt .lohu C.a.ot, i.r..b.a..ay .iccom- 
 
 UlB HOHplCl'H of IV"'^' M»"ry 1^' », 
 
 nt tl.o CuLotH "own proper cont and chnrgo. 
 ton -hea ll..« r..Ht neon l.u.a- th. " Inrapn- 
 ZnHa:^ ThiH"i>nma ..-./a" was either 
 
 ''-'*«"*'5!H¥ 
 
-8— 
 
 
 on tho No', fi Scdtid courtt, Labriiilor, or, pos 
 Bihly, Nowrouiiilliiiil; luul tlie diHcovoroi 
 pliiutt'il lit h\H liiii.liii; -iliu'o II lai<^o cnms- 
 witli tlio tla;^.s(it' Eiij^'iiir.il and 8 Miuk. It 
 
 WllH tllUd tllllt Cllliot, a^ l!ll<,'l(lli(rH lOlJlTSfUt- 
 
 fttive, t<"ok p i.-^Bessioii nt' this Nortli Amori- 
 cnii L'oiitiiu'iit luH oyoH hud liirit Ht'on and 
 bin I'ot't liad liiwt tnul upon, I'ki' liiw loyal 
 Master and for En^daud's "Holy Church." 
 Coastinf^ alini<^ tho bhon\ poH.s'bly as far to 
 thd south iiH (ii'orgia or Floiida, but more 
 probably lirHt cxplorin;^ the (rulf of S, Law- 
 reuco and ri'turning tliroiifjh th»» Strait of 
 13e)le Iwle and tluMico ^ailinj^ to the south- 
 ward, Cabot, ou reachiP!.' homo, presented 
 to King Henry Vll. a map of his diseover- 
 ies, ami a solid glol>e (iii which Ent^laud's 
 new territ.)rial acquisitions were displayed. j| 
 The sou of the discoverer, who, though at 
 the time a youth, was probably with his 
 father on .'his very voynge, ansureH us that 
 John Cabot recognized the fact t)uit this 
 first- seen laud of tlio Western continent was 
 not the Indies, liut a new world. If this 
 stateiueut. made by Sebastian Cabot, that 
 Lis father, while disappointed in not finding 
 Cathay or India, as ho had ho], ed, realized 
 the fact that ho had found a hitherto un- 
 kuo'vu land, be acci>pted as literally true, 
 then not only does tlie discovery of the 
 Wettern continent belong to John Cabot, 
 but the further glory is his if knowing 
 
 II" Nurr::livo and Criticul History of Americu," iii., .!. 
 
I 
 
 whilt ho had disccvero.!; whilo Columbus, 
 '^ns Wiiihor tolls uh, "novcr iiwoki* from the 
 (Icliisioii tli'it lu! Imil touch. 'il tho ('(.11111108 
 of Imliii."* " rill! jirt'Ofiloiicoof Ihi'Ciiliotb 
 ''■, ovor (yi>liiuil)as in tho di.soovory of the Aiiier- 
 icHU Ouiitiiioiit," siivH .liistin Win.sor in the 
 IdtoHt (iiiil l)Oi«t ui our Aiuoiicdu hiatoriea, 
 ^ "miiy l»o tiikon for f^runtcil." 'I'o ('iibot, 
 } then, unci not to Coliiiniias; to Eiij^dand uml 
 not to Simin. iiro to Ix' iihcrilu'd Iho liiulinf^ 
 lUiil liiHt oci'Dpaiii-} ot tho coiitiuL'iit of North 
 Anioriea, imtl, conHiMiuontly, the territory 
 of tho IJiiitoii StutoH. Wo c'luuiot but bo- 
 liovi>, from a ciiri'fiil uml pKinsluUinj,' study 
 l> of the dofumontitry hi»tory of the times, 
 f- from Hi! oxiMiiination of tho records in the 
 '( Stdte impir iilhc in Eu;^!and, as well ns of 
 ^ those prcsmvod aiiiou^' the Spanish royal 
 I archives at Simaiicas, that the claim of 
 I Spain to tho sole pnii)riclorslup of tho new 
 « world, founded on tho discovery of a West 
 " ludifiu island liy Columbus and supported 
 I by Pi'iio Alox.i idt-r's bull, was prominont 
 I amoiif^ the many and ndghty a<foncie8 which 
 ' brought about the frioin;^' of England's 
 Church and people from the usurjied su- 
 premacy of Komo. Else it were hard to 
 \ understand tho intensity ot that hatred o£ 
 Spain and that thonuigh distrust of the 
 papacy which attliirMerv time, and for ceu- 
 turieK afterwards, potsessed the English na- 
 tion, from tho peasant to the poor, and which 
 
 1;"Nurrutivo uiiJ C.'riticiil lliwtury,'' ii., Hi. 
 
-10- 
 
 ,! 
 
 1 
 
 in the groat movoraent for reform, within, 
 half a c'outury subBequent to the discoyor- , 
 ioB of Coluiulius and Cabot in the Wi'Ht,^ 
 pitted the two racew and the rival faiths iu j 
 ' ,ting Hiitngouism.** CharlcB Kiugnloy, . 
 ill hiK grcatcHt novel, "Westward Ho!" has . 
 pictured vividly aud with historic truthful- , 
 tiOBH, the violence of feeliug and the bitter- 
 nesB of the strife evolved iu this couiiict of 
 peoples and beliefB. The struggle waa for 
 the posse.sBioii of the Western vorld. ^Ve 
 caniiot aifect or alTord to take no interest in 
 this marshalling iu hostile array of the 
 State aud Church of our mother laud with 
 the Latin peoples and the faith of Home. 
 The strife is not yet ended, (rod has evi- 
 dently willed it that on this continent there 
 should be the struggle for the mastery be- 
 tween the two civilizations, the two races, 
 the two faiths and the two ideas of freedom. 
 From tho day of the discovery of the con- 
 tinent by Cabot, in IVJl, to tho^ present 
 hour the strife has never ceased. Four ceu- 
 turies have passed, and this very hour tho 
 old. claims, the old assumptions, the old 
 boasts are made anew. Home claims our 
 soil to-day by virtue of a Borgia's bull; and 
 in couse<iuence of an assumed discovery of 
 the continent by Columbus which Roman 
 Catholic students now confess that Colum- 
 bus never made.4^ The politician would 
 
 *» WiiiMurV Monogmiili. 
 
 ^Viih liri.iisou't) pru£uc» to Torduoco's John aud Sibat- 
 tiati Cabot- 
 
1, within, 
 liscover- , 
 
 10 Wl'.st,^ 
 
 t'iiitliH in ^ 
 LiugHloy, . 
 io!" ImB. 
 truthful- , 
 le bitter- 
 aufiict of 
 3 WHH for 
 rid. ^Ve 
 iterest in 
 y of the 
 auil with 
 }f Home. 
 
 has evi- 
 eut there 
 istery bo- 
 ;\vo races, 
 
 freedom. 
 ' the cou- 
 a presort 
 Four cen- 
 
 hour the 
 , the old 
 Iftims our 
 bull; and 
 jcovery of 
 ih Roman 
 \t Colum- 
 ian would 
 
 In and Sebaa- 
 
 
 I 
 
 horgo our very nationality in a Pan-fjatin 
 ■onfedorai'} of ropiiblios, forj^ctful of our 
 rup orif^in. our liistoru; p'ist, n ir very spoech 
 ind faith, 'i'lio vvorM iiarf Ixmmi invited to 
 ' tiip city of tho inland span — the intproeean 
 capital, Chicago, to do honor to tho (lenoose 
 discoverer who.so pyes never saw, aud whoso 
 < feet never trod upon any portion of the ter- 
 ritory of the rnitcd Statt^s. And statues 
 have been raised aud nulogiunis liavi^ boon 
 B|)oken and tho well-nigh omnipotent power 
 t of the press has been Hub.si(lizpd to l)link 
 the simple facts of instory, and to give to 
 ; others than our Anglo-Saxon and liritish 
 > sires, and to a faith which has but lately 
 ■ sought to ally itself with thp republican 
 / form of govprninont. a proniinenco and a 
 ' recognition which are not theirs by right. 
 We trace the lipginning of our life as a na- 
 tion, our liberty, our laws, our religious he- 
 's* lief, transmitted in the line that connects 
 ' us with the Tiord Himself, to England, not 
 . to Spain; to Bristol, not t.» I'alos; to Cabut, 
 ; not to Columbus; and to tho "Holy Church" 
 *|()f Magna Charta, and not to the corrupt 
 Christianity which found in a Borgia a fit- 
 ting head. • The allocution of his holiness, 
 • Pope Leo XIll., issued at the time of the 
 Columbian Exposition, claims 'that the 
 man" — C;)luml)us — "was destined by a spec- 
 , ial plan of God to compensate lloman ('ath- 
 / olicism for tho injury which it was going to 
 suffer in Europe." Aud this is so, proceeds 
 
 i 
 
-i 
 
 _12- 
 
 his holiiiPHB, l)p('anHO '"ColnniltUH whb one ol* 
 118." If tinis tlio story of our diHCovery it^ 
 to lit' iiiti'i'iiMitcd. iiml tlnit, tno. Iiy oiiof'laiiii-' 
 ing iiifalliliilily. shoulil not tlia npi^'iil to" 
 fftct and tontiinoiiy l>t^ mii(l(% iind iinnwor 
 fi[iv(Mi to tliPHti p!ilj)iil)li' untnitliH? lloino 
 Ih not to l)B iudi'innifird l)y any ^ratitudo 
 of ourH to tlifi (leiioi^ho adv<Mitur"r, or by 
 our Into recognition of Alpsandt'r's hull, for 
 the dire disasttM' bIio oxpcriiMicpd in tliii re- 
 volt of England, (n'rniaiiy, tlio N/tlx'iluudH, 
 Scanilinavia, and all of J'^uropo mvo the 
 Latin raro. Our discovery was not accom- 
 plirilicd uiulor the aulliority or with the ben- 
 ediction of till' Itonian pontltV, and the 
 Roman Churcli. It was in v(Mt truth and 
 deed a " I'roto.stant" act -tiiis sailing west- 
 ward of Kiiglaud'h Cab it and this discovery 
 of thn AVe.stern niMiidand — ine of tho many 
 ftnd long-continued protests made by En- 
 glish Clmrchiuen and statesmen against 
 Koman usur[)ations and assum[)tious. It is 
 well for us at this time, and under existing 
 circumstances, to acquaint us with our conn- 
 try's past. There are {)rinciples involved, 
 there are proliiems threatening us, which 
 claim our careful thought." f- 
 
 lu the struggle of these four centuries 
 our civil and ecclesiastical liberties have 
 been secured, wrung by force from Spain 
 and France and Home. This lias been 1 
 
 *r A niiliilili' ■•xiiiiiiilc ef thi>< iiiilii>(()ri(';il i\.u\ uiicritical 
 niiulo i)f trciitmiMil nf <nu- ('(imuij'H piist is fiiiuiil in Ui'UKliis 
 Cmnpbi'U's lulu' work. The J'aiitaii. . 
 
(IB one ol' 
 
 (Mvmy i>^ 
 lUH'lHini-' 
 ippniil to' 
 
 V Romo 
 ijriitiluilo 
 i>r, or by 
 I hull, for 
 ti tliii ro- 
 licihiuiln, 
 HliVt' tlu» 
 )t ncH'iiiu- 
 i the. l)i'n- 
 
 (ind tlie 
 truth find 
 in;,' wost- 
 diHoovory 
 th() nmny 
 B by Eu- 
 i ayfiiiuat 
 iirt. It is 
 
 V t'xirtthig 
 our eonu- 
 involved, 
 
 us, which 
 
 ccuturieB 
 'ties havt^ 
 oin .St)!iin 
 
 has been 
 
 iiui uncritical 
 iid in Ui'UkIuh 
 
 \.\ 
 
 V 
 
 
 KocomnliKhod lit tho i..i.-o of blood, of trean- 
 
 C and with intiuit.M'Hi"^ ^' ",7 "i; 
 \viKoly pnil. witliout .-Hiv or thou-ht, om 
 ' o'nporld h.rita,'... 'I'h. .vsuUk ut ho .bn- 
 ,.Jvi.•H..^M^.b^nl.us--tho nvd./.ition lu- 
 
 t,odm-d m.d i-ost.Mvd by Sp-uu h.aW 
 
 iuntv-iv.nt..tho\V.'.stornwu,ldbyUornH 
 
 _-whos>' boMHt is tluit Bhp cha..«eH not as 
 
 tin, s on M,v ,dl b..f..r.'u. to.d.iy,_a8 
 
 ;vella;sp,v,,d.Hot^irMstlu>s.^.m-c.-utnn.-s 
 
 .„.. ..„ th. pMU-s of history-of luHtory as 
 r,onH.d bv Uouuu, C.itholic wntnrs horn 
 K-..S. riud w... th. pooplo of tho Jmt.d 
 Stat.s, .nMM.t,iMou,•l:lWs,om•Ub.rty,our 
 lives, our roli-ion. as tho mtr/.M.s ot .lex ao 
 „nd the South Am.Ti.-iu n«p<i»'li''>^' is dufi, 
 
 v„,.i..,. (lod. to our iin^'iish "H^:'" '^";i;;" 
 
 ,,cvptan.H> of til., teachings ot Lugland s 
 CHtholic r.'forinatioii. . 
 
 Wc* havo of lato. with pomp and circura- 
 
 1 Btatico, colBbratfl tin- discowry of a deso- 
 lRt« West Indian islan.Vby the (.onoese ad- 
 
 ' venturer, C-lnnibus, sailin- under the,aus- 
 picos of Spain, Mtid seekinj; "ot a new 
 lovldbuttho'Mandoflnd,'Mhe;;Oathay 
 
 of the Rpici-bearin^' and ^rem-yielding l^ast. 
 But if WH are true to history, if we ai-e 
 mindful of iucontrov(>rtibl.- and stiU exist- 
 in.r facts, we shall remember, with grati- 
 tude to Almighty Cod. that we, the veo^\e 
 
 ,, of the United States of Amerma, owe noth- 
 i„<r to Columbus, nothing to Spain, nothing 
 
 . tollome! Our national existence, our na- 
 
f 
 
 \ 
 
 II 
 
 !. 
 
 4 
 
 !| 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 tioiml iuslitiitiniiH, <!ur fivil mid n'lij,'iour 
 lihi'ity. (mrcoiiiinoii law, t)ur |):t>si>iit «l<»i7, 
 <mrHtiiiiiiliii^iiiiu>ii<» til.' |)i'()|«!>'« of tli<M'iirtli, 
 our liihtorv. onv litiTiitiin'. our fiiltnro -in 
 Hhorl nil tliiit wi' urn or umy lio «>•.! iluo to 
 the (i('kiu)wltMlj,'<Ml priuc'iiiln of tlui Hurviviil 
 (if tlif t'lttt'Ht; to tlio Hiiprt'iiuicy s'M'uitMl ill 
 thih istni;,'-,'!." for tin' coiitiiicnt iiy Kiiji^liHli 
 RUil AiiM'rif'wi HtiiteHiucii. Holdifru, HiiilorK, 
 ClmrcliiiK'ii. over S|)iniirtli mul l'"rt'iicli lul- 
 ht'reiitH of tlH> lloiiKiii fiiitli. Ilml it Ihxmi 
 othtTwiHe in tliirt ntrif.' for tiii> poKHObsinii 
 of II (ontiui'iit, our history wonlil liavn Im-cii 
 written in hlood, like tliiit of M'^xico iiii-l 
 IVrii; lil)t'rty, i-ivil or rplij,'ionrt. would have 
 boon unknown !iMion<j; uh; tlu' nilf of irri«. 
 HpoiiHililc power would havi' lieen HUpreinci 
 TliuH far the freedom from th« domination 
 of alien potintate or |)ower, whether in 
 Chureh or State; the institutioUH whiidi 
 have made us the envy of the worhl; tho 
 rulin;,'idenHwhiei> permeate our very heing; 
 the tone of th<tu^'ht; the very manhood of 
 the people of the I'nited States, attest who 
 were the victorrt to this struj^f^le for the 
 continent. The vaiita^'o ^'ronnd is ours. 
 It has Ween bravely won. Let us not peril 
 or lose that wliieh has been ;j;ained at such 
 a cost of life and labor and only after cen- 
 turies of ceaseless strife. 
 
 In the progress of years, this conllict of 
 opposing races and faiths for the North 
 American continent appears under varying 
 
Mit «l<'i7 
 till' t'firtli. 
 
 lltlllO -111 
 
 !>'ii duo to 
 ii Hiirvivdl 
 if'cui't'il in 
 
 8, Hllilt'lS, 
 
 roiu'li lul- 
 1(1 it l)(^on 
 [)()HH(^Bbinu 
 liavi> lii't'u 
 oxici) iiinl 
 oultl luivo 
 ili> of irro- 
 I HUprtiiuo 
 ouiiiiiition 
 liotlior ill 
 )iiH wliicli 
 ivorld; tho 
 (M'y boiiijif; 
 miiliootl of 
 attest who 
 lo for the 
 (I is ourH. 
 s not poril 
 Hil at such 
 after ceii 
 
 conilict of 
 the Nortli 
 ler varying 
 
 ■'1 
 
 -15- 
 
 phafleH ati.l foriUB. At liint .1 sn-ih. an xvo 
 |,av.> H.-fii, a Htni^^'h- fnr portH.-hHiou. It >8 
 uot<.fteu that tho auniilHof a Mut|..ii «ivo 
 H„aceoratt..nti..,. t.. the etVoilH ol itH peo- 
 „k, for th- coloMi/iitioii aii.l t'hii.tiatn/.u.^' 
 of new hiii.lH. Ihit tho hiHtury of Ki.Kbuul 
 ut the eiH.eh of tlu^ ivformation ol ••elrh^4l- 
 .iHtlc-al aln.H..H <i.ul ih.- -.v.-rlhiw o^ tho 
 papal HUi.remary by Church and hbtto .lui- 
 !„itheVei«UH..fthebiHtofthe u.orsiH 
 
 to be found ill worliH nuch as I akhi>tH 
 
 •/ 
 
 'CoUectioii of Voyage 
 
 or iu I'urchaH, 
 
 ' "I OlieClKMl wi T.'j..^-., - 
 
 l»Hi8 I'ilgriiuH." latlier than m K.ng liHts 
 ' of kingH, ..r in chiouich"H of well-c.M.teKted 
 
 \ 
 
 furlits. We h'.ini from the narratiyeH of 
 I theHO Wentern voyages in what a holy war 
 the English Hailor. and setthrs deeined 
 themselv.-H engaged. The JMighnh priest 
 , went with hiH people, daring the .hmgors 
 ;they faced and sharing the exp'^''^^^ 
 which were theirn. " No peace b.^'ond ho 
 Hue"— that geographical line drawn by the 
 Roman p.mtiir in th.- interest oF the hpaii- 
 iHh people and the Latin Church-buch whb 
 the crv oi every English seaman sailing to 
 the West, or English colonist 1>";'1»« to 
 found a home in the new w<.rhl. And no 
 peace with Home" was equally the popu- 
 lar cry on England's soil. It had been 
 wrought into the very tibres of Enghsh 
 hearts as the Marian lires ot persecutum 
 at Smithiield and Oxford were recalhnl and 
 it was remembered with an intensity ot bit- 
 
t»'rtit'HM Mini Mil al)H(>rl>lnj^ pnf.«ioii fur ro- 
 
 Vt'll>'t'. Hint till' iiillo il>' Jr at I'Vi'iy S|iillllhll 
 
 Hfttl.-m.'iit ill tlh- ii''W worl-l liiul ii^iiii iiinl 
 Mj^diii Im.l t'l'i' itrt vii'tiiii.H Mii^jlinli hi-Hiiirii 
 ami l'',it;,'lirtli tiatlriH, \vli<« flKini ratlnT tlif 
 a>,'(iiiit'n <>l' iiiartynliiiii than ;,'iv(' ii|j their 
 jiurt>r I'aith at tiic liidiliii^' n\ lh<' [.itilcM^ 
 iU(|\iiHitt»ih ol" lloiiin. * 
 
 Wo faiiMot [lau!^'' It" ilftail lli>' iiiciili'iitH 
 of tliis lihiMily. inii;,'-iM)iitiiiiiii| stiiff in 
 whii'h l',iij,'!ir.h hca-i'Mjitaiiirt nml atiiiiiiniH, 
 HiU'U aH Hawkins, (.'aviMuUhh and l>raki>, 
 won the treaHUit' aixl ^'aincil ihi' fxpi rit'iift* 
 whicli lattT on, with (ind'H iiiti-ri>ohitii.ii. 
 l)rMiil.'lit aWniit thi' Aiiiiaihi's ddVat, iiinl 
 gaint'il for Iliij^lamrH Church and State 
 tlieir crowniii;,' trimniili over Spain and 
 lioine. I. on;,' imo thi^ ^'ii>at vii-toiy, thfio 
 hrnl \n'ci\ Ht'ouifd for Kn^iand and Knylaiid'H 
 (,'hnrch a vaiita^'.' ground in tiio new world 
 whii'h waK never lost. Sailois and rolon- 
 ihta set forth for the esploraliun and nettifl- 
 nieiit of the American shorert in the name 
 Hiiil fear of (lod. Tiie very lo^' i)<>okH, tiie 
 hills of ladiii",,', the invoifen of traders, the 
 chartern of the ^rent eom|»aiiieH of adveii- 
 turerH, tiie letterspateiit of dineovtMy, each 
 luid all l)e;,'an witli the invocation of tho 
 blesseil Trinity, and dedan d with more or 
 
 ♦llMklinl n--.'it-iliat r..r l.'iir i.l il„. •'SikmimIi lil.»"ly lei- 
 
 .luiMlinn" ihr iMAt-h ir r- «vi.m,I,1i:.'.mI|.. II, IW Hi M.* 
 
 uii<l rrin>r-lM.uk- (ni'Hi.mnl \<i\» il." -■■■i h'M.ir.' iirnvii at, 
 tlii.ir piiil-, II- iIm-.. nmiiy >c.i'-wi' tinvMluip. iiiiil vrt .l«i. 
 (Iv.liiiliurirli.MliliiMi, 11. -'Jh I .•/. Ill-'- Kinu'. .■> - W.'Htw.iril 
 111,:" f.iriiciiir.-.irilii'liH|ilihilMiiiii-f..uilili-lM'<l 111 tli>'.Si>aii- 
 iHii-Aimfricuii NclllmiioiitM. 
 
-/ 
 
 1*>HH (liHtnictnoHH HiM <>l»j(>ct fnrUinjjnnn nnr! 
 III! ill tlit'Ht' <>iiti'r|)riH.'-.. TIuh uu-* tli.> nr- 
 qiiiHitioii of iii'w to ' iH f'"i' I''.iij,'IhiiiI'h 
 Crown (ind tli<' t'Mii!itliii<jf in tin- in'W world 
 of Kii^lumrH Clmrcli. It was tlniH timt in 
 tii»< y»Mir loT^ l''rol>iHln'r'H tloot of fiftfcn 
 HHil liiul oil Ixiiinl "One Mitistt'r WoU'iill," 
 Ht'iit out l>y tin- (^iK'cn'H (.'oiincil m prit'wt 
 uiiil priHclif^r to tlit« (lliiirch of llii;,'l(uul 
 voya^iTrt ill our nortln'rn hi'iih. Not con- 
 tciit with daily H(M'vici'H ami frt'i|iit>nl Hacra- 
 inontH oil Hliiplioard, thin ^odly luaii — tlio 
 firnt in'HHioii-|irit'Mt of Knj^laiid'H nd'onnod 
 l)nt Htill Catholic Church wiio ininiHtorcd 
 on North Ann-ricaii Hoii -cclchratcd tho 
 Kiichariwt on tin- shorPH of HudHon'H biy, 
 of whii'ii tiic old chronicler rfn-nrdrt tliat 
 tliia "cclcliration of the divine iiiyHtcry was 
 tho firrtt Hijjii, seal, and {•onlirniation of 
 Chrint's name, deatii and I'aHHion ever known 
 in thesH (iiiarterH." A little later, in tlie 
 Hunimer of l-J7'.>, in connectir)ii witii tho 
 diricovery of California and ()re<,'oii i)y Frau- 
 c'\H Drako in ids circuiunavif^ation of tho 
 globe in the " ( lolden Mind," tho first Chris- 
 tian HorviceHof any kind hold on tho north- 
 ern I'ncitic coaHt woro those of Francis 
 Fletcher, priest of the Church of England, 
 anil chaplain and ciironicler of this ox[)edi- 
 tiou. Here at Toint lleyes's Head, on the 
 slioroH of what is still known as Drake's 
 bay, for six woeks from tho Eve or Feast 
 of S. John IJaptirit, tho Church's matins 
 
nn.l H..rN i.-.M .i...UM.-rMn..-ut.. w.iv I'" f"'"""' 
 „^.„. Fnm.|., rnll..wi..;^S, H. u.h.r.. 
 
 tr.H.Htvl... lM--i-^ l-'l''''-''' '■ Vi ' , ; w 
 ,„^. l.uVitu.H ai.l ..ot til..... HU.I .In ,H.t u.n . 
 
 p,,U-tin.H.UMHm.M.tHln.nf.HH,n„orr,.|..|..at. 
 
 li... K.u.i.HriHtuiti. tiH. »<';-"'r""".;"";;;; 
 
 li.,MH nud un.HU.rut.. nHl'nin.-.H »'"♦•'" 
 M No o,.« .l....i.-H, or .V..U .I..U . H, tlml 
 
 |,,.,„ hi. |.uiiii.-H -r i-'\>;i''.;''^'';v';7' . 
 
 HynnnyunmH witli •• S-.p'-K '.t A . v 
 
 yL/l.it..r. i.. tl... .itt.-.npt- -■ l"->'|'i.tolf 
 N,.wfuan.ll.iu>l l.y tl"'t ""'•'" < '""■'■'""""; 
 Sir Unn.,.l..y *l«ll..Tt. ... l;.-. . "--'n- 
 U.. ,l,.Ht ..,-...i/..a . lV..rl ..I .. K... Hh 
 
 Lt of thirt H..ttl.'.».M.t .HKiv.. l.y(.illM.it 
 niuH.m'. It WKH. ii. the ..u.int lM..;,M,..;(M or 
 he Uy.''th..-n..iM^.>nt(loa-HU 
 
 IhoH. \'.-y mighty M,.a vant .•ou..t....H. 
 With thn phiUtin- nfth.- .■n.H. u..a tho MU - 
 i,,iufthAtanaKraol-S(i..orK....n !..;«.,, 
 
 ti,„ih.i.vhM'i:,>4hinaiahis.uv..Hi,...-. 
 
 H,mMai..Hl.i,. i.. th.- \V...t.rn xvnria; MiMl 
 
 „„„,,- hi^ hot ....Mrt..>.-..tS ....U ;• prMV.KUU. 
 
 ,.„, ..,,„i,l„. vv...shi,>.- ...•.•o.anij,' t.. tl 
 forms a..a ..Hn^.-H of th. f...uk ot ( .m.m. 
 l.aj,r l..t.'.oMtl..No,lh(".m.l..winmH 
 
f 
 
 s 
 
 r.i 
 
 in ir.H7. wor.> Hh' H«rvi.-.'H nn.l Hr».nu...Mit« 
 H Hi i«l>'H n.lo,.y Ht n..H....U.. tl... Imp. 
 
 ntl.Su.MuyHft.rl'ri.MlyA..U..Ht .(...., 
 
 -.tl...n..t('l.n^ti.MlM.n.;t.NMKMn.u. I «- 
 (■,.,.iK.i.u.ly. in r..itl. ,u..l .• w.r,ty .u. w » 
 
 J ^' „ tl. .,..,u..Ht..ftlMO.utimM.t for 
 
 ' ;:i,lli.. Il.lyc-l.un.h. Th. Kov- 
 
 ..Vir.Mi.'H I.Ki.a;" ItwKH. .0 MH...rt-. not 
 J.vly-thoK.l.liti.morK.u.h Hkn.KMom.H 
 
 ,iH-uf tl..' iM.w ^vn,l.ltutlH>«^^•""rtao- 
 ..„ ,.. AnuTi... wuul.l .'rtVot h« cl.i..m.. 
 1. Mvliof Hn.l fr 1..... f. tl... H.rv.tu.le 
 
 1 tin... n..Ht .uiH.>rHhly n,.,«. the 
 Cur.lM.fCl.ri.tthro..,l.;...tn.n.tp.lr^^^^ 
 
 ,,,,.,a^.ot''H.ur.rHiH.M...M.u.H.tm,mi.HU 
 
 t.. triun.ph ..vor tho ..v.'rll.r..w <.f tl.iH uimt 
 
 |,H ana..ti..u.-| 11. w. it-H. o,. t ..".lay 
 
 ;,:;:,Kt..rtoNVal.in«...n..waHj......lH-^ 
 
 rmtl...i-"ill raHl.i..i..Ml hn..H to Si. HuM 
 
 Hv.l,.ov,tl.ol5.iy.ml..rKli/.'.l-tl"i.--l>'VKl.y; 
 
 • („u.ia.n".\r.lii."l-«i"\""'""'"""- "•" ' 
 
till* Hir IVrriviil ..f Kii^ltUHr-* Cliuroh. who 
 liml ft»iitt'iii|.lat«"l li'uiliiitf Hii Kit«li"h »'ol- 
 oiiy t<» tl»»' ii'W wnrlil. I,niii» ni*j^<«l Sli 
 iMillip Syiliu'V \>> iiinliTliiki* lui •■s|»'tlitii»ti 
 n^xiiint Sun i)..iiiiiiK<». witli it vlt-w -f ill- 
 vnrlinu tlin iitlfiilion of Spuiii tl- n oii. 
 ti'inpliitint,' til" iiiviMi.iii nf I',iikI»umI -from 
 tliiHH Hflit'iiH'H of 11.11. jiuMt ill I'.iirop" to tlio 
 prfH«>rviitiori of Iht |i..HH»'HHii>iiH in tli.' Wt'Ht 
 ImlirH. Thin It'ttfi- iii.lirul.'H th" impliif- 
 iililf Imtr.'il <.f tlio i;ii^<liHliiii.'ii of tliiit Mj^i' 
 to M|miu mill Uomf. t\u> iiHtioii'n focn. in tln' 
 iir^iiini-nt hm.-.I liy Lftii*' t.. win Sy.lnoy to 
 hiH iiliinM. Hi' wii^ (MiijurntI not 'tu n-fiiMO 
 tint «o(mI (M>|Mirtnnity i>f MUch n Mtrvii-o to 
 til.' Cliiiicli of Chri-.t i\H tho Hni/nr<' of tlm 
 niini'H of tri'iiHiirt' in lli«' [i.wHi'Hr-ioti of Spiiin 
 woiiM lie"! U wiiH tlio «o|(li'n w.'iiltli of 
 Mfxico mill r.TU. \vriin>,' l>y fL'tulinli .ru.l- 
 tit'H from tlio niitiv:'M, aii<l liloo.l-r >il willi 
 niunlor and fouU'tl with I'vory foi in of in- 
 Hatiat.' luHt. that wan alining,' ami r.|iii|i|»in>,' 
 tho (Jii'at Ainmila wliiith wan i.n'pariii;,' to 
 Hi'ttio till' .jiifHUon of Miipniniaoy in the 
 olil woilil ami the in»w aliki', in tlii> comiiu'Ht 
 of Knj^Ianil l>y S|.ain, and itn nuivctrHion to 
 llotiw! tlirou^'h till) atmiinontH of tiro ami 
 HWoid, tim rack, i.- llin iili hi-mw ami tint 
 Htak.'. 'riioBoetT.n- "t (.;il)»Mt aip' ll''.'ij,'li 
 tor foiimliiij^ I ' 'I.Mf.h ni.-i a conimonwoalth 
 in tlm ut'w world, with tli.- vimv of rt'Hciiin;,' 
 tho continent from Spain and llonn'. and tlio 
 
 ^" Arrli»'.'l.i«ii» Ani.riiiiiim," It, t l"*, 
 
 / 
 
'il 
 
 IlltiT »UI<1 UM^Vn MU nn(\\\ foUll.lin^ of 
 
 riiiiK'li "ii'l Hliito lit .hiiiH'«l«t\vu, Virj^itHH, 
 
 m>\ at l''"»l S, (1 •«.' ill .M>»liiH in llit' )pnr 
 
 HlO"--llilrli'tMi y»'»r« \u>(ntt* tlitt iHicliii^ of 
 tli«' "I'llijiiiii l''itli"i«" on I'lyrmiiitli l!oi'k 
 
 - -HiTi* IIIHplK'il l>V Uki> licroic HrhtillliMltM; 
 
 mill, ill hpiti'of iiiiHtiiki'H Huil uii»tliH|w. fniU'il 
 not of iiltiiiiati' i.iii'<'.'HH. 'I'll.' r.cnr.lM of 
 
 tlllMK I'lViUtH to l'o|o||i/,l< tllll IK'W WOlltl lirn 
 
 tliH iiiittHi I'liHptnm ill tho liMt«»ry of thn 
 Htriiji(«l"» for till' |ion»»i'HHinii iif til" Norlli 
 Aiiii'iii'im I'ontiiii'iit Im'Iwii'ii I'liiKlniHrH 
 Cliiiri'li tmil Stnl." ami tliH S|.iiiiiHli jH'opli* 
 iiml till* Koiiiikii Cliun-li.^ 
 
 '|'ln» I'lirly )iarnof tlit< Mut'titt oiitli csn- 
 tuiy ulVi'ii'il a MtiiiiiKt' '.oiitrHHt lH'tw»>i'n the 
 mumii'iit hii*T«'«Hi'Mof till' Latin |m'o|»|ih and 
 tint faith of Ilonii' in Mi'xii-o. in l''lori<lft 
 anil Nnw rranii', anil tin- lontjltion ami 
 |.roH|M'itH of till' fi'iMi' ami m-attiTitl fom- 
 iniMiitii'M i>f l'.ii^li»li Cliiiiflinii'n on t!ii' At- 
 liintii- foitht, Aliva.ly li.>n.i.' prii-ntH of tlifl 
 Itoniaii olu'ili.'iii'f wiTi' Kiviii;,' tlu-ir livtu 
 fri'flv ill tlii'ir ••iV..itH to Iniii^ tin- al»ori>^in<'H 
 of till' niiiltilt" NV.ht of till- .ontini'iit to alli). 
 
 "^ rrii" rMlluioti- n»|«'C( of ilif »lriiiii(l" fi'f 111" iiim-i'Mliiii of 
 Niirlli »iniTh'ii liilwiM.ii III.. Kiiuli»lit liiin'ti mihI i rown, itiiil 
 
 Himiii i.iHl llo I- ■•liMih l.r.Mwhl .ini ii. lli.; h.l-Hl "H'l I'";;- 
 
 l.'il.i 111!' iinl.U.M .■.iiiinliiilhiii I"' Aiti.MiniM iiKlnrj llil« iiKfl 
 
 l.i<« iinHliic...l r|pi''(i .|«iiflli"l Mit.'il Hiiil.'», liT Ah'X" 
 
 HIHl.'r llrci«i,. lit |,,.,<w..v..luiii.i.. llln.lrM.Ml ll.ml..|., i'lUII, 
 
 «iv..» ii«, fn.in ».Mim- liilli.Tli. •■t.Tl.ioli.Ml i.n.l wm »-iIpI»». 
 
 HlMibilitnl •vi.l.i ' tli"< 111- -lul.'H i; "M.M Uiir.;l.ii iii.-l 
 
 „„ f ..rnnnt' l..r I-mmIhm.I- ( n.wu i„ ,1 ( i.ur.h ih» N..i t. 
 
 Aiii.Ti.Miii .■..mill. 'Ill III" itr.'liiv.- uf III.. S|.iiiii-li .•..iirl.iil 
 
 Hii.mii-ii». .iii..i.'.l iri III ii..t.t'- V..I1111I.'" ..f ir, II<;..wm «. r... 
 
 T..11I III.' full iit,.l..r.liiii.liiiM HI Miiiiii.iiii.l t>y lli..iMiili.'rili«Moj 
 III.' lUMimii nniKli. of till- liiii l.ii"..' "f 111" l'.l!«ll"li I I'llU'l" lino 
 Court, 
 
-2^ - 
 
 jrianco to Frfinon and to accoptdiu'O of tlio 
 Faith of Koiuo. Ill i!hi coinincHt of Mexico, 
 this vvjrkof conveiHion had Ucvu h»ii^' hiiu-o 
 practically coiiipli'tcd, tlioiij'li accomi»liHh<'(l 
 througii tiio rcclilcHSHlxMliiiii^'of lilootl ami 
 by the cxeicino of tieiiiliMli cruelly. In 
 Florida, after hittor and Moody ntrifc he 
 twecii SpaniardH and I'rt'iicluiKMi, the Span- 
 iards were in (piiet poBsCHnion of the ^rroiiud, 
 and zeal for the converHion of the nativen 
 had vvell-nij^Mi died out. At the north the 
 mif^hty S. J.awreuce and the territory it 
 drained, reuchin-,' to the inland soaw ami 
 thence to the upper valley of thi' MiHsis- 
 nippi, were already the domain of the Kinj; 
 of France. Surrounded north, west ami 
 south by a cordon of nettleinents and forti- 
 ficaUons of Frenclnnon and Spaniards, with 
 JeBuit fathers i)enetrating the farthest re- 
 cesses of the wilderness, explorinj^ the in- 
 tricacies of the western water courses, tiriug 
 the hearts of the sava«,'e8 with hatred of the 
 English and the Englishman's faith; it 
 would liave seemed that the continent was 
 already secured for the Latin peoples and 
 the Roman Church. The struggle for pos- 
 session at the beginning of the seventeenth 
 century appeartnl to be decided against the 
 English people and the English Church. 
 But God had willed it otherwise, 
 
 A century passed, and there had begun 
 between the rival races and the rival faiths 
 a struggle for supremacy —for the master- 
 
 A 
 
J0 ' 
 
 -23" 
 
 Hhip of tli.> cnutin.'nt, Tlio Kw^W^h H.'ttle- 
 ,„.^;,trt nnA rivili/.iti.m w.'.v nuw iiavaiu'iiij,' 
 will, rapi-l .iri.l.-s Tlu- Fivuc h ,i h« 
 north .ii.a uvst, .111.1 th." Si):u)ianls ut llio 
 Ho.itli ana SMuthw.'st. won' .l;.;hiun- m 
 p.,w,.r H.ul u..altl.. riuM.xiHMhtioM of Ar- 
 :,h11 Crnvcn.or of Vir^'ini'v. nj^'ainst lort 
 iloval of New FniiuM.. iu UU:'.. was tlm tirst 
 a.r.,iv«siv.> m-t of Uu" i:nt,'lisl. o.louists, who 
 f.Tlt how im-o.u[)atil.h. with th.-ir vory exint- 
 encP w.Mv the prcs.Mu-0 on this i-ontiu.Mit .-t 
 th.' I.atin pi'opl.'rt of any I'atinn whattnor, 
 nn.l th.i faith -.f Uoin.'. Tli.^ Fivnch, as 
 I'arlunan in his hit.'Kt vuhinn's t.41s ns, m- 
 BpirtMl thnir Hav!ij,'e alli.'s to iiat.» and de- 
 slroy thi- Fn-lish liereti.'s, whotluT it wero 
 the Vuritdnrt uf Ne>w Kn^'hind, thn Luther- 
 HUK of New Y..iU. or th.^ Ch.irchnien ot the 
 8onth Th.' attack of the I'ren.'h as in- 
 trn.lers oil l':n«,'li8li territory wan, as we have 
 ft.«.i, l.."^Hn l.y the Vir-rinia Chnrchme.. 
 «M..»',n'*^thehuuliii>,'on IMymonth lloelc. Llie 
 8^r.-^s:lG waH at Uni<,'tli foroe.l up>n the Mas- 
 ru■h^■ .>tt8 H.-tthTH. and their co-reh^nonistH, 
 for th> "F,..Htonnais"' for years found traf- 
 fie ,Vith Mie French at Fort Iloyal and S. 
 Jolir botii phnisant and profitable. Theuce- 
 
 " ' " W. I,mr a...M, -f .!..■ Hull "j ^'X^^Ty^^^U^h^^^U 
 
A 
 
 "24- 
 
 foitli tlu' kuiuiIh of tlu'si' (liiys nvii vahnctd^d 
 in 1)1(1(1(1. Kiiv ami tlic swonl w.ut> iix't at 
 ovcry ht(>|> (if tlic H(lviiiici' of tlic llii^'lisli 
 fivili/.'itii'ii. 'riH> wiij^.' of WHi w;ir witli 
 tho very worst of coiiihutiiiits \v.(s t'cmlt^ssly 
 taki'ii up. It WHS II I'oiitfKt with skulkinu:, 
 revfii^'cfnl, |)itil<K.H HUV(ij,'t>s. HpHiiiijij iicitlicr 
 womt'ii nor cliililiiMi, nvA incited I'V their 
 Fri'iu'li iillieH uiid tlu'ir Jesuit tcMclieis to 
 Hots of tieiiilisli cniolty. 'l"'"' toitiires vis- 
 ited l»v tliesn liMse riiMrMiiderrt »Miis('(|iieiit 
 upon their inliunum ni'de of warfare aroiis^'d 
 the Iviiiflislicolf-niHts, from thefartheht North 
 totlin evevf,'ladesof (he Snitli, toan iiiteiirte 
 entlmsiarini to drive l''ren('hin:ui and iilack- 
 rolied Jewiiit and tln^ Kaviij^es tlieuiselv('H 
 from this land forever. Aj,rain the Htriif,'j,'ie 
 lu^canie .-i holy war. It was felt to !>.' the 
 pitting (1','ainHt each other of warrinj,' peo- 
 ples and rival faiths. These I'reuch and 
 Indian wars, w li^'ed l>y <n\v fathers, were 
 acta of f dth, and oiir ancestors in colonial 
 days went forth to the deadly strife in the 
 faith and fear of (Jod. 
 
 The Nmv j;ni,dand troops ui;irc'hed to tlio 
 capture of Ijonishonrg — styletl by Parkman 
 "the ()tVs[)rin^' of the Crown and its ally, 
 the C'hnrcir'*— with th(» hiinner over theiu 
 bearing the leg(MK!, Nihlc!'i>"r(iutliiiii, Clirit^- 
 io (luce, given to the troops by the ^'reat 
 evangelistic priest and missioner of the Ihi- 
 glisirChurch, Cieorgo Whitetield. The ad- 
 
 *Piirkiiiiiii, i. 1^1 
 
 
-25- 
 
 ■. I 
 
 \ 
 
 vanct'H of tilt* Himif I'nos alnnj,' tlu^ Ohio 
 and Hiu<iii<,' tlio All.'<rlmiii.'H \von> rant l)y 
 th« yt)ui)^' Wii^liintfton. wlumf itlijriinis on- 
 thnsiasm whh <'vi.l"iic.'(l hy lii.-» rcaduijf of 
 prayciri at tlio lit>a.l of his r.>},MimMit day by 
 day thrnnfjiiont tho cami.aijjfii, when tho 
 parHimoiiy of tho Vir^Mid" authoritieH pre- 
 voiitoil tlu' <Mii|il'»yiiicnt of a ohaphiin for 
 tilt' troops in the'tif^ld. I Krom tht> deso- 
 lat(>d honit'H. tlio hamlots plui.ili>n'd and 
 (h'stroyt'd. tli.' towiin hunwd to the j^'round, 
 and tho fati^ of hnndn'ils, if not thoUHanda 
 of liapli^ss raptivcH condtMiint'd to a liftvloiifj 
 niist^ry, worse than tht> death which had 
 befallen their fathers, hnnhands. Bons — 
 tlu^re waH enkiiidl.Ml thnt hatred of the Lat- 
 in peoples and that distrust of tht^ Roman 
 fftitli whieh could not be repressed. The 
 Btruj,'^de Uistid for a century and a half. 
 Uefjun In- tlii^ Vir>riiiia <^overnor in 1<')1;^ it 
 ended when the French Monarch, caring 
 little for the acres of snow and ice for which 
 his predecessors had expended so much 
 blood and treasure. f,'ave up the atruf^'gle 
 for the supremacy of the T^atin race and tho 
 
 + Mr. Williun. I'.viirt^ H..M,iiMiin, -f N.-a- Ynrk. Imn in lim 
 n„«-,-HMi...i, fro... .ii..<..iiJ ll,.. WMshii.^'t..,, MSS l<.i.« in H>'> 
 hiindrt "f III- ll..n HiiHliin.l Wii-l.iiit-'lon, 'I iimnu-'orip of 
 n M- f..r noiv <li..v i.i tl.- wcnk. Il.ohe f...- K.-i.tay ,i.,.l Su ur- 
 rtav an. «,,„tin«, in ll.'< lm...lw.ih..u' -f ti,w«.< ^^",:-i"f ii".; 
 Km .0 1 a., i I.i.li.n,.. WaHl„„.-.o„ Irv.n^' .of.'rK to tl.n y.nmjt 
 Viruiiiia coloiirlV li'.l.ii of l.avi.it' iH-ayors at I ... Ii. .i.J of hi8 
 
 of ,;. t)lli,M. r,.r II... liiMial of tl... D.'M.I from <1"; "'>"\''f 
 fo.n...o.i l-rav. at .1,.- .ni.L.iul.t oh^.-imcn of HrH.ld.u^k Wp 
 may ..■iiar.l th- Fath.T of lii- fo.mt.lT a-^ l.orl.ai.«, tl.o moHt 
 'r..mi.i<"..t "la\-nMi<lH."of tl... .Vmericai. (•..iioh in thoaK«> 
 in wliioli lio livoil, as wuU as tor all timo to eoino. 
 
Church of Homo on tho North Ainoricmi 
 eoutiiiPiit. rt WHS thiiH that th(i Atlantic 
 coHHt, from tlit> far north to I'loriihi. wan, 
 after a conllirt hit-tin;,' for a cciitury and a 
 half, wou for tho En^jlisli {'rown, and tiinn 
 the 10nj,'linh civili/ation, thf> lln^'lish faitli 
 audCliurt'h, tlie J';nj,'liHh idcasof liberty and 
 law, Hei'ured the I'nial victory. 
 
 It Ih an illuH.ratiou of what Parkinan 
 btyh'H "the Kiiifjuhirly contrasted ciiaracterw 
 ami methods of the rival ciaini.'uits to North 
 America durinji; this striif;;j;le for suprem- 
 acy" to note their res|)ectiv(* modes of treat- 
 ment of tho aliorif^inc^s. Of the atrocity of 
 the Spauieh measures for Christianizing 
 the uatives of America wo need only in- 
 quire of Spanish autiiorities. It was tlie 
 baptism of blood that was forced upon these 
 simjilo, guileless Indians whom CnhnnbuH 
 himself enslaved and slaughtered till, even 
 ill his lifetime, and through his pitiless 
 greed, tho native peoples within his reach 
 were practically externnnated. 
 
 Of the much vaunted missions of the 
 French the impartial I'arkmau writes, in 
 his latest volumes: "It was the reproach of 
 the Jesuit missions that they left the sav- 
 pge a savage still, and asked little of him 
 but the practice of certain rites, and the 
 passive acceptance of dogmas to him in- 
 comprehensible." :{; "The results of the 
 Jesuit missions in the West had been 
 
 \ I'arkmnn's " A Halt Contiiry i)t Contliot." i. W 
 
 II 
 
1 
 
 -27- 
 
 nion{,'ro iiiul tnumient to a KnrjU'iHiiif? dn- 
 f,'r»H'," HiiyH tlio Hiituo (icknowl.'tlgetl 'lu- 
 tliority. It WHH tho confeHKioii of h royiil 
 ;r,,veriior of New FriimM' in It',',*'.) tlmt '^tluis 
 far all fruitrt of tlu^ iniHsioiiH couhIhI in tlio 
 bai.tiHiu of iiifaiitH wlio dio liefore leacliiiif^ 
 thft a^'i^ of n'aH(ni."4^ It may li(> truo that 
 thn .IcHiiit KatlKMH of New Kranco, such aa 
 Jor^MH'H, l}roi)Baf, lialleinant ami Charlos 
 (iarnior, wero both apoHtlos as well as mar- 
 tyrs; Imt their siiccessors wi're, as Parkmaii 
 proves," politii-al aj^jents ratluM' than Chris- 
 tian prinsts in this raoi^ and falLh struggle 
 for supremacy. " I am well pleased." wrote 
 the (loveruor Vandreuil in 1721 to Father 
 Selmstiau Halo, "that you and Fere de la 
 Chasse have prompted the Indians to treat 
 the Hnglish as tiiey hav done. My orders 
 are to let them ^the t-avages) want for noth- 
 ing, and I send them plenty of ammuni- 
 tion."** So far from exhil)iting "the 
 peaceable fruits of righteousness" the his- 
 torian, in describing the period character- 
 ized by Cotton Mather as "the woful de- 
 cade " — drrnunim liii-lir/niinHltni — asserts 
 that "the instruments of this ignoble war- 
 fare and the revolting atrocities that accom- 
 panied it were all, or nearly all, converted 
 Indians of the Jesuit mission "ff Is it a 
 wonder that Parkman should characterize 
 
 PiirkiimnV " A Halt I'oiitury of Coiitliot," i. 'S.). 
 gniiil, I U;i. 
 *, llii<l, i. i;u. 
 ♦» U)i<l, i. 'Ml- 
 tt Ibid, i. «. 
 
-28- 
 
 this Ho-cilk-a •'cunvorsion" to h Cl.iiHti.iU. 
 ity "tlniH (livomHi fn.,,. civili/iitiou aiul 
 Hlu.wii.K' "".tiling; "f tlH" t.>a.-lu..!j,'rt "t U.ri^l, 
 HH "a failuio KiulHliKuay'll (-..truH 
 Ibo roHultH of thoHO iniHHionary luborrt ot 
 the i,HtiuClmrc-l.wilhtl>nm'oftli.a,lmtTh 
 of l-:>.-l.iM.l at tl... South nn.l North an.l 
 thoHOofth.'Ai.n.th« HliotiuNowlMiKlaml. 
 A (IhriHtian people t<.-.hiy atlent the ii.eti- 
 ocIh of the Eiij,'liHh uiis^iouurieH aiMonj,' the 
 MohawkHofNew Y..rk. The Pn.y«r Look 
 trnnshitea, in part, early in the oi-hte.-ntli 
 century, an.l compU'ted a Inm. Ir.^l yearH 
 and more ago, with the (4..spel ol S. ;Jo ni, 
 is used to-day both in Canada und ... the 
 United StateH. Kli<.t gave t.. the InduinH 
 of his tim.! the liilde complete in their own 
 toutrue; but no one can read to-day Ihh 
 paiLtaking work, and all traees of h.s la- 
 bors have loi.},' since disHi)i).'ared. '-"t tUe 
 ludian names on the catalogues of "Har- 
 vard" and"WiHia.n and Mary' and the 
 Bweet memories of Manteo, l',.cahontaH, and 
 scores and hundreds of our alx-ngmes 
 whose lives have bei-n answerable to their 
 Christian profession, sta.id out m strong 
 anil telling contrast with the savagery ot 
 the Jesuit missi.m converts, whos.^ priests 
 alone gave absolution to th.' In.lians " on 
 condition of always being enemies ot the 
 English," It was then as it is to-clay. 
 
 " tt I'l.ikumn'H "A Hulf (Vntury.if ( oMilMl," i 21. 
 
 Ill Ibid, i. wr.. 
 
 f) 
 
 { 
 
 1 
 
~ ^0 - 
 
 TluTO WHH n. imi.rovoinont of tli.« rnMuiu's 
 ,,„„li,i„„, no upliitiiiK nf l.i« Hi.int.m! or 
 int..lli».'lu.il initun'. no .lm-.-lo|.m..iit ot ii 
 |,i,rhcr litV, cont.'iui.l.it.Ml or ri.cnnMl l)y Uio 
 J. Huil inisHion.iri.-H of Now Im-.u.-o in t hmi 
 al.uii.Uiit lal.orH, Co.ih.'.iu.'ntly, in ull timt 
 v.iHt ai.a umlrtin.'.l r.-ach of torntory wl.U'h 
 l.aSallo had cnllcd Louisiana, Htrctcliuig 
 from tlir (iivat ^ak.•^. to tln> inontli of tlin 
 MiHHi^Hi|.I>i. no trues. .xiHtH to-hiy of all 
 thoHO olTort.. 'I'lio in.iM.rfoot l.ttm Chris- 
 tianity, if Christianity it can \»^ i-alhul— 
 "tho r.-li-'ion of hiitrotl and cinelty, of rap- 
 inn and blood." faded out of Hit,'ht hoforo 
 th.> advatu-e of thn KugliHh Clinstianily, 
 the i:nj,'liHh oivili/ation. tho English idoaH 
 of lihorty and law. It is fatiln for tlio 
 Clmich of Uotnc to lay claim to tlio pos- 
 H.-saion of tho territory ..f tho lluittnl States 
 on the ground that much of our sod "has 
 l)(.(Mi fertilized hy the sweat and blood of 
 ( lloniaiv) Catholic explorers, founders of 
 colonies, and missionaries." Tho work of 
 the Latin peoples and tho Church of Home 
 iu tho development of om nationality was 
 Hwept away Imfore the incoming of a purer 
 faith and'a nohler race. Again wo_ asBert 
 —and history heard out and veriiies tho 
 claim we make— that we, the people of tho 
 Cnited States, owe nothing, so far as tho de- 
 velopment of our nationality, the growth of 
 our Ciiristianity are concerned, to Spain, 
 nothing to France, nothing to Rome. 
 
continent w.h Hm-......!..! l.y ;i.t, ..;;;,'!.« r.-r 
 
 ,,..,„i.,itiu,. In ti.iH Htr.f.- ' "• i.";;^'-'"; ' 
 
 „a i.m of Ih.. r..it..a Stat... .H..ltth..o, - 
 oon,o<.r thoK.. yoaiH of .o..b...t.o.. ^ I.uh u. 
 t,,. n,.t o.ntury of itH .xiHt.nn. ,a;.n i 
 
 l.,,,li„^. l.H,l. Wluit IS ki.'.wn KH t h • (.).i.'- 
 ,„,, r.iii;i.HKso.l l.y I'arliaun.ut on ... ns- 
 Hion of N..W F.H.uM., n.c...«m/,M.« tho Uo- 
 n,.m hicniiThy i" <^'"»"'l" '^"'^ "•'^•"'"'f »" ^.'"' 
 .J,.HultH tl..-ir va.t poHSOHsiou. m.hI priN- 
 n,..r..ri, un.l .•oUH.'.im'.aly tl..-ir poswi. nvhh 
 un7.,.K tl.B ^M•iov.i.u•.H of tl... Am.TU-a.>H ni 
 ho ononi..« nf th.> war of Iho I. vo ut.on 
 1 w«« l.y tl.iH na.a.nn- i\ud Cu.a.bi whh 
 Bave.l to i:n«l.in.l wlaM. the th.it...>n n.lon- 
 IcBwev.loHt l'.utth..lI.uh..lStateH,to.h.l 
 i„ its elVortrt to niak.. the northoin portion 
 <,t' tbo c.ntiii.'nt AmericH... b^K"" 'J ".";'" 
 th« .'ffort for th.. nnpiisitiou ot I on. a. 
 LouiHianai^i^ mul th.. n.i.l.Uo W.-nt l.y dx- 
 
 Ltiu p.^ople« a...l tlu, lloi.i.u. ta.th on thiH 
 contiu.ntlvaH.h..Mn..ai.y.;mtaUM.su.o.m- 
 
 paliblo with thoirown civih/ation, th.m in- 
 LtitntionH, their fr.M..lo.n. tlu'"- laith A 
 now t.^rritory was lu-.pnr.'.l, th.. .« was a 
 unitcMl ..iVort .>n tl... part of th. .•l.Tt,'y a.ul 
 ,neml).>rH of our own c-on,niuni..n in com- 
 ,„„nwith...irf.>How.cit,/.M.KotnUH.rn. j^- 
 ious l.eli..fH,totak.. p.mH."ss,on ..t thi^ lUnn- 
 
 >' 
 
t 
 
 \ 
 
 )' 
 
 -31 - 
 
 itiildH iluiiiiiiu fiT till" I'oiiimoii CliriHtiiiuity 
 of tli«' Iji^'UhIi hpriiUiiij,' iiicf. Tilt' ri'C«>K- 
 liitidii of tliirt (.rim iiy iluty wim iiiiioii^' tlio 
 j'lirlit'ht 1, ^'ihliitivci'imcluji'iitrtof ourC'ljuri'li 
 ill itH hjimmIU-uI ciniiirity. himI the pioii«t'r 
 i)ii»'HtH of our own roiniminioii [(cin'triitrd 
 tli.> fiiitlii>Ht icci'hHi'H of "111- iio'v tiMiiloriiil 
 (ii<|iiirtiti<iiiH. I'll"" liOiiiMiiiiiii |>iiri'liiiHe 
 opfiHHl lu'w rogioiiH for ootMi|i(iii('y iiml c-on- 
 i|iu'Ht. anil wlicii. tn tlu> olililniitiou of tlio 
 fliiiiiiH of I'riiicliniuii or S|iiiiiiiiicl to the 
 ri'^ioiiH (Iniiiu'il I7 tho MiHHiHHiiipi, tlit-ro 
 lins Ih'iii (iiMimI liy coiKincrtt or <'HHHii>ii from 
 the iiiitiii iM'opK'of Mi'xin. liiHt tlu" t-mpir.i 
 of TfXHH. anil tlitii (.'Hlifoniia iiml New 
 iMi'\iro, • ■ tilt' striff for nniniMition in woll- 
 iii^'li coiiiplfti'il. I'o-iliiy tho KtriJ^fj'lo for 
 iioiuiHition -tho thiril K'rt'iit period iu the 
 conti>st for till' I'oiitint'iit tn'twi^iMi tho liivil- 
 i/iition, tho civil and rcli>;ioun liberty, tho 
 very ("hriKtianity of tho Kn^^lisli-Hpoakiuj,' 
 pcoph'rt and thai >>i the Ij itin raoo and tho 
 Hi. man faith— irt wt-U-ni^'h ovor. To-day 
 tho I'eoplo of tho Inilcd Staten are practi- 
 cally homoiji'nt'oiiH. 
 
 Wo in I air froodoin roproHont to-day the 
 liliorty won for holy ("huroh, and for the 
 
 • • I'lio ravprctit hlmli'Mt .if mir lii-lory oiiiiiiul f.iil ti> iioto 
 ItiHl till- (lixi'iui'iy <if niilil Ml riilifiiiiiiii «iiH provKlHiitm My 
 
 kci.l Imck till 111.' Iiiii.l IkkI Ihm.ii -I'.iir.'.l I ir Ani.Ticin >' v- 
 
 ili/,iiti..n anil ..tijoy.'.l II vil iui.l r.'l.i-'H.im frv.'il.iTii ..f llui 
 
 L'liil.'il Hliil.- Wl.il" I'itlif.irin.i wat Sp-.iil-li iiml U..iimll 
 
 t lllh.ill.', ll-K.'M WllM lll.l.l.'ll fLiinVliW, Ah.Ml 11 ll-.'MMl.. 11 
 
 i.ml .>f .>iiil.'riil.>iv 1111. 1 will- ..p. 11 loll..' inllu.'n.'i.c.rimrlriiH 
 (■|itli..li>' rjiri-lmiiily, I'm ir.'iiMin- ""■i'.', '"i;' "V,"',.*" "'" 
 
 Willi. I. \ii.l ,\.'t KniiH'iN I l.-l.'li.T, in "lliii W.n-lil I.I m- 
 
 imi^-'il.' Ml tli.' pen. 1.1 ..f riilifiiiiiiiiV tirsl iliHc.v.'ry, wrutu 
 liliiiiiiy iif il> iiiiiifvriiiirt t-iiil. 
 
E»ij?!i«li ■H[«»(ikiiij{ p««op|f ol' all liiii'' ti» 
 con»«». I).v »» An-liliiHliojiuf I'miti rliuiy. inul 
 tilt' Kiij^lirli l-ti'iiiiM. from II ii.iliiliiMi-* inoii- 
 wri'li, I'lu-kcil ill liin ,.|.|,i.Hiti.>ii to III.' titi- 
 IIuh'h will, tiii'l ill lii-t -hiiiiil of tin- |(.i»[iI<''h 
 ritflith liv tlii> llouiuii |ioiililVHU<l tlM> iloiiiati 
 I'liiiicli,' \\t' ni'ivh.'iit to.iliy tin- I'ivil 
 hikI ri'li^'ioiiH lilMily prt'Htrvcil to tin* l')ii 
 
 gliHll-f>|n'i(Kili;,' lilCf vvll'tl (toil hlliltliTi'tl 
 
 till' AhhiuIh l»y Hin wiii'h mm. I st.>ntH, uiid 
 Iminlili'd tlio jiriiln of riiili|. im.l h.I at 
 nmi;,'!it tln' pliiiis of liin p'lmp.'icil |iri''-»trt 
 who w. If «liis in^' for llic Mii|iii'iU'U'y ..f tim 
 old world iiii.l tilt' II. 'w. Our iiihtitiilioiiH, 
 our liltirtii'K. our rivili/iitioii, our fiiitli iir»> 
 not d.riv. d from tin' liutiu |m>o|iIi'h, or tlumo 
 of til.' Uoiimii olu'dii'ui;.'. Wt\ lo-diiy — 
 from tljt» fiirtliiHt liuiit of our uortlu'rii 
 (•oiiHt, froiu tilt' r.'iuot.'Ht point <)f our 
 AIuhUmi. iKiiuirtilioiiH, idl iiloii^' tlie Atliiiitic 
 and riicitic hhortM tiud tliiou^^'licut tin* iiiid- 
 dlo west north, boiitli, cHHt (iiid wt'Ht pro- 
 cliiiiu our oivil hu.I L'c•c•ll'^^ill^'til'fd frncdoin 
 from alii-n potentiitn and powor. Wo r»s 
 joic't' in a frci^dom, personal, national, r.'li;^- 
 iouH, Inult up upon i;ii;^dand's Maj^iia 
 Charta, tho Ku^HhIi IUII of Uif^'htu, the 
 l':ii;,'lisli (N.minon I. aw, th.' i:ii;,diHh Hililo 
 ami thi' Knglibh JJook of Comiuou rra)fr;^f 
 
 •t A rt'CPiit nnil numi iitili> (iliilii<t<i|ilileril hiHi(iri(ml writer, 
 
 I'riif.'hHi.r .I..l.!i I'iMki', ill f Ui" nvi-iit wnrk-, ••ll,» \U. 
 
 aiiiiiiiiKK 'if Ni'W Kinrliiml; iir IIji' I'liririiri 1 liiMunny m itM 
 ll.'liitPiti- to Civil iiihl lii'lu-'iiiu- 1. ill TIN,' ilriiwMiliMiili'.n til 
 till' .'.mtiUHt lii'lwi'i'ii wliMl 111' -ivI^'H "III" Kiiiiiiiii Mi'ii unci 
 tin- I'lmll^li lili'll"' ol' iialinii-iimknn;. 1 Im lliiiimii lu.'lliiiil 
 w.mtliulof ciiiiiiii'>hl Willi iiioKrii'Tuncii, hut witliuut rcpru- 
 
 I! 
 
 I 
 
 If 
 
 fl 
 
\ 
 
 I 
 
 tiixliti^ .•X|.rt'K>*i'>ii. MO f>»r m tln» Ii'mIj- poli- 
 ti.' in .•..iu't'rii.''l. ill Mur Pi'cliirutioii <»f lii- 
 il.«|M'»iili"iH'i« ami ••ur l-'i'.l.nil ('oiiHtitutiMii; 
 Hiitl, HO far iirt nliiti'rt to niir ffrltHiiiHtirtil 
 frt>t'ilniii, ill till' Ani«'rinui t'liuroli fonntl- 
 tiitfil ii« nil H.iloiionioiH, iii(|i'|Miiil"iit por- 
 tion or til." Il'«ly Ciitliolii' Cliurrh of CliriHt, 
 fi... rn.iii nil tili.ii iiiU'. fn't* from tlu' Im»- 
 |iimtH(»f iiiiy roi.ij^n |.otiiitiifi« oi im.w.t, by 
 
 tlli> Vi'l'V HMlili.THIllul htMtt'HIIlfll wlio. Ill tliO 
 
 ImllH ot" Coii^'iThrtitf .-II til-' l»uttli'li-'l<l. won 
 (or UH our iinlf|i''mli'iict«. 
 
 In vi.'w ..I' tlifMi- liiht.-rii' frtclrt, it in Rvi- 
 ilfiit tliiit tin- <|iorlirt ill tln' (l<'Vflopiui>ut of 
 tlio imtioii lirr«t, tli«> HtriiKu'" f*"' !'"»•"•*»»- 
 Hioii; H.>.'..ii.llv. til.' Htruj^ul.' for Hiipn-niiu'y, 
 iuiil liimlly th.' Htriij,'Kl.' tor iiopiiHition, 
 coviMiuf^ iiH tlit'y «lo tlio ptMiotlrt of all our 
 piiHt liirtt.tiy Im'.'..iii.< vitally important. 
 IU»co^'iii/.iiiK' •'« w '""*'t tlio vviiniii^ of tlio 
 rival rai't'M, ami tlic rival faitlui, tin* rival 
 civilizatioiiH. tin' rival thiHirit-H tii liberty, 
 
 H<.i.lHil..n Tl,i» ",„ 1.11 mhu ii-l-;.l. "i- •'•« "^'"•'''•l 
 
 miwimmi. wIi.-ii w..« -iMii'iy .•'.ii.i.i.-i wiiii.-i "''■;i'i>':rl\'l\' 
 
 but IV..II llic Ki.iiiuii iih'IIi.mI wii" "«-l -"|iii>i '',• 'I' [■•"iKli'" 
 Kl.'U »hH I, w.i- ih.'i. riMiriilii.il will. if.,,r.-..iiCiitl.Mi. '" •"•"- 
 nun Willi Mii'ol Hinil.'iil" i>r Aiii.riniii liMlor), Mr l-lj-KK. 
 Willi.' r..n.Kiii/intf III.. r.'ln:ii>ii'« <'l''iii-ii', -11 Hi" "innkiiiK j-r 
 llii. Aiiirriniii r.'i.iil.lir. iiml imjiiiu H llHiiirf Inliiil.' L- tli» 
 nmivli of lMi«lili..l ill il.i- .•.'iiii.HMii.fi, II iril..'" i.M. inil-'Tt- 
 i.iil a iiiirl In Ih" .li.v..l..|.iii.Mii i.f lli.. 1111I1..11 l" li" ' """''"l 
 
 will- im 111' ..|»<.wli.Ti' •'I'll I.'". i«»liilill"li"l " 'I iTiu) mm 
 
 n..i II ri'iirrminiiiiivi. Ki.v.r lit. I In. iil.;ii "iiil >*'>• '■'■'«''''''• 
 
 l„.i, „f „ r,.|,n.-...it..iiv K'-v.'nim..Ml in tli.. N.-w W.ir.l .rH 
 liiM fi.nii.l III 111- \i.«iiim lli.uM. ..r ll-iWH-. .•I..1M.'. I.y 11" 
 ■i..i.|i||. Ill ii<.i..iil,iii.'.' Willi til.. rliiirliT HiVLii llM'tu l.y tin. Vir. 
 Lliiiu I ..,n|mti> -f l..'iiil'"i. "iii'l .i--..nil.l..<l in tli.. t mrol. it 
 
 !i,.mi..l..wii II. mil. lliT... I...f..r..t »'.t'^!"''>l-l'r';''"{','' 
 
 hi.tlliT~, wii- liuil, witli tin- i..riiiii|.iiiiiiii..til.oI ili.' I liun li » 
 uriiiiTK mill till" I.I.HMiiitf.if till. Cliuri'li H |iri<.»l, tin' ..lUtKla- 
 
 priij - 
 
 IjiMi-KltiMi' of AiuiTii'iiii fr.'i'iloiu 
 
 >l 
 
HUtl the coiilrnittiol iiIohm of iiittioiMiifikinif, 
 wn limy not forj^it tbnt in tlii'< »trifi» for 
 till* iiiiiHtfry tlifw" opjMmint; Utrrvn Ihivk 
 iiiMtli' our KjM't't'li I'.iiKliroli, our |i(tlilii"«l in- 
 htitiitionH tliDHO of oohhtitiitioiiiil lil>i-rly, 
 iiikI utir ifli^i"ii tlihtof llii' l.ti^^linh KjMuk- 
 iuii |«'u|»|i'H iitih'i lliHii iliiit of S|niiii or 
 I'niiu'o or llonn*. It ix tlii» kiiowlf.l^^o of 
 tlii'rti« fiutn iif our -irij^iii. our liintory. our 
 prtHi'iit foiuliliou Hint counH'Irt uh, uh wm 
 coiitriiHl our ^ri'iiliu'MH kuiI our j^lory with 
 timlof Mi\i«'o tiuci till' South Aiiit-rifiiu ro- 
 puhlii'M. \\lii«'li iiorihi'iit tilt' lifttiii I'ivili/ii- 
 tion. tlii> hiitiu uliiiH of frct'ilom iiiul tho 
 l.utiii fiiith. to (liMtruHt tlu> • iVorlrt of uii 
 iilii'ii cniuiuiinioii, rrro^iiizin;,' iiM itHi'urtlily 
 hfiitl u for.'i;,'!! |iot('iiliitt', iiuil tukiuj; ilH 
 v«'ry (lo^'iiiiiK (it til" liiiMiu),' of h for.'i;,Mi 
 powr. to rrvtMHi' tilt' (l»'finioti of lIu'Ht' four 
 »'»'UluritH of htru;ric''' ''"' tim poHHOHwi )U of 
 our i'oMtiiii'nl, I'lio rtucft'HHt'Hof tln>Hi> yi'/irn 
 of «-oiitii<t luuMt not lie iin|M'rilt'(l, iuuhI not 
 1)1- loht. Wf ri'io^'iii/i' witli full hyiiipiitliy 
 Hiiti |irofouiiil r«'H[H'('t til" t'viilt'iu-»*H ho iip- 
 piirfiit »'t tliirt vfry limt' of lli<' wi^li mul 
 pur|ioHi' of tlh- ui<iht iiitflli;,'i'iit mill uiont 
 HHtutf of 111.' UoiiMii liifiMit'liy to Amt'ri- 
 eiiiii/i'Ho fur lis tli.y iiiny lln' Uoiuiiii Churcli. 
 Wt5 note with iiiti-ri'sl III.' prolV.r.'d hIIihiu'C 
 of tho Uonmn poutilV with di'iuiu'rHcy in 
 till' ol.l worl.l, (in. I vv.' Hi'c .'vi.l.'iH-.'H of the 
 HHiuf \villiii;,'ii.'hM to l.riii;^ 'li.' piipucy intc» 
 eouforniity, ho fur hh Ih poHf.il)lti, with Amor- 
 
 I 
 
 '!l 
 
1 
 
 Wm\ limtlliiti.iiii* Mu\ Ami'rl<'Mii U\otm Uul 
 n ••oiiimmiioii in Hiil.i.iti..ii I.. .«ii Mli.'ii |mi 
 tiM.tnti- iiii.l t* f'-riiu'" I'll.- «MH «»'v. I Im-«'oiim» 
 III.. Cliur.h '.r tliM riiit..l HlHt.'* IN 
 AiiM-riniii Cliuirlt. I'luvi.l. ii.'o rorl.i.UHiii'li 
 H tr.niHfniniiti"ii lli-toiv ivfuH-n t» ivc- 
 ,.«ui/.t< til" 'Ifti'U" "If i»tH-l'.ii«iiitf ll'»iiio. 
 TliB IJIimi'li "f tU.« «ivat ropuhli.' imint 1... 
 ltd Atii'ii''"n. iM.t tlio ll.iii'iii. I'Mtlh.lU! 
 fliiirrli. It N»ill ii"t »"l<" itH •l'Ui>»»t>'' »>'• 
 t.MHii.'.-H fioiii thi« VHticim •(..niH-iU. or rM- 
 f,.|' itK .l.u'lriiinl l...|M'rH t.. til- 'llita nf n U.i. 
 tiiiiu |M.htiiV. W.. nihil. .t, nft.-r o.iilmi.'K uf 
 htiiiujiliii^' r.ir our «'ivn mi'l «HH'U'ni»»Mti<'iil 
 fr.'iMlnm, Mul.mil to tli.- I'r..|.iik"«i>'l" '"■ ^l'" 
 l»„i,.' ..f ll"i.i.' Hrt t.. thf .|U"H(i(.ii ..f our 
 Hclioiil HyHt.'iii. or with r.'f.T. n<v t..uiir tli«- 
 Ml,.^{t.'Hl l..'li.l'H Til.' "ItMliuii mi-^Hi..ii'" III 
 IImh ImimI fnr hiicli th.' U'.iimii ('ittliolio 
 (•oinmuiii..ii ill tli.^ I'nitfl Stiit.'rt in, In Hj.ito 
 of nil itH IliiiiMlitiK'* •»!' I"'>"'- nil Aiiu'iicim 
 Cliinfli i''iiiii'>t cltiiiii our iilli';,'i iiifo iih if 
 il w.'i.'. iii.l<'<''l, AiuiMiciiii l.y viitii« of lli«» 
 alh.^f.l .liHCuViT) um.l.' I>y ('..luiiil>iirt or tli« 
 pliiiitiiiK' "f ii'-rtiuiiK of th.' niiitini'iit Uy 
 Si-iiin im.l I'nmc-. 'I'lin riuxwh of thu 
 AimTifim |ii'ii[»l>' niUHt ln' lu'iM<'ir Amori- 
 cim, Hul.j.'ct aloi f to the Chuich'H Divino 
 Heml. 'I'hr lil.oity whi.'h in oiu'h iiiUHt 
 uot Im> lij,'htly i.Hit.'.l with It is uuvh hy 
 
 virlii.> of th- loll:,' t tiiui-l stni;,'j,'l.' with 
 
 tho lidtin propltM iiiul lh»' Chuii'h of 11. .mt^ 
 Wo HhiiU 1h' »mlly tUuvlict tt. duty, to the 
 
 '!{ 
 
/ 
 
 lofiHoiiH of liitttory, to tlin moiuory «>f our 
 ffitlKTH, if WH yit'ld now till' vaiitd^'c^'rounil 
 HiKHiri'il hy tilt' toil, tin' tr.'Hsuiv, tlio lif«- 
 blooil of thoHe who liivvc <,'oiu' ht^l'oro uh. 
 We, froointMi whom tlu' truth han nimlo 
 free, froomoii in (Miristoiir Ijonl. must livi\ 
 labor, nntl, if upoiI be, die for country mid 
 for ('harcli. Wn niiiy Titn-or wist'ly o'asn 
 to Btrii<^ji;lt' to nmintaiii (lio I'lt'cdoin won i>y 
 our fiithorn and to further the lifo and pur- 
 pospof thH Church thoyslmpod mid moulded 
 in its indo[)nn(h'nt orj^nmizitioii in coiifiu'm- 
 ity with the •^ovenimont they h'ld intro- 
 duced. Jlecogiii/.inj,' the lesrioiiH of our 
 history, wo niUHt trauHmit to those who 
 shall corao after us the lierita<,'e which is 
 DOW ours, of civil and religious freedom, 
 as found in the American ilepublic and ex- 
 eniplifieil iu the American Church. 
 
 i 
 
i 
 
 ,f 
 
KAi^