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Abstract \ Of u i^ yMu«i;'!Wa i«»j«jg| // „ t tons CAyALRY MOVEMENTS : A IMTBNDB^^FOR TBB'^B OF THE U?PER AND LQWER pANADA. '^W*»««»-*' i'-^l*!^ Qrolv Aobe X/ MONTREAL : _ __>.„_ . PRINTED BY CAMPBELL AND BECKET AMD FOB SAXiB AT TBSia OFFtCXf MVJB's BVILDIirOSf TLACB D^dXXES. I i 1839. ■Cf *3t: J^ -:o Mdi^oM Y^I/Md .-k'iiisVivO ...J. .fi 0' ' .17 ii:;iviiim ^1, * .iwr-C. O N T.E N T S . , ^ V * V m0'i^-^-%,m'f'^'-^-~'^<*i^i'.. ,Vtiwf*H TiMi.' '^^-fvawjl- ^-^IR fi«»f ^wRjsn' -^rf ;« GHAPTEB Lroiiik^-t^Jj^Ju-^tto-aiiit*!^' - -. v)H ^pj.Q^f^f,g of Cavalry Mavetnehtf on Foot, '**^ *~ Postiiig of B«Dtihds--Poniiation and Inspection of the Troo]^— Cartridge Fractiee— .To Ffere a Fen de Joie—Directions fw Funeral Partiea. 6 ; , ' „ CHAPTER n. .•-^ . ,.yr • Military Equitation* ,, . Introdactory Bemarks— Jnatruotion -Preparatory Instructien with the Sword — ^Ex- planation and Use of the Target — Cuts, Guards, Points and Parries on Foot — Preparatory Instruction for Mounted Practicfr— ' General Observations and Directions — Formation for an Inspec* tion on Foot — ^Formation for a Review or Sword Exercise Mounted.— Review Exercise — Officers' Salute : Salute Mounted- Salute on Foot 80 1?^53^3 ir. Contents, CHAPTER V. Lance Exercise, . Initnietion with the Laaoe on Foot — Moundof with the Lanoe— > EzerclM on Honeback — ^Podtion of the Lanoe for Attack in Line —Attack and Defence 57 CHAPTER VI. Instruction of the Troop and Squadron, Introductory Remarics— Dreidng — ^Marching to the Front — Indin- ing — ^PasMglng and Reining.Baok— Filing— Wheeling — ^Threes —Standard — ^Paoea — Formation of the Troop— Formation of the Squadron — Order — ^Marches and Fonnations by Threes and FUei —Marches to Ike Flanks, Front, and Rear, by Threes and File^— Fonnations to the Front, Flanlu, and Rear, from Threes and Files-— Formaflons to the Right-about — Conntermarcli— Diminu- tion and Inereate of Front— Diminhhjng the Front from the Halt — ^Diminishing the Front on the Move— 'Increasing the Front from the Halt — Increadng the Front on the Move — Adyanoe of the Squadron — Instruction of the Squadron for Regimental More- ment— Instruction of Young Officers — Linking Horses— Dis- mounted Servioe............. ;.. }, 68 V.i-r ,v./»*.. tt tit CHAPTER Vn. Instruction of the Regiment, ,,„,.,• t Terms and Formation of Manteuvre — ^Distances and Intervals- Formation of the Regiment— Posts of Officers— Commands — Gen- eral Rules — Markers and Dressing— Formation for Review^ Marching Past— March in Line^The Charge or Attack — Chan- ges of Front or Position— Taking up Points of Formation— In* version of the Line— Close Column — Skirmishing — Advanced, Rear Guards, and Patrola—Pioquets— Flags of Truce— Foraging —Ahum Poets 104 'V SUPPLEMENTARY CHAPTER,' *^' ""^^ :dif On the Management of the Horse, tiie great imp(»tance of Stable Duties, and attention to all tilings connected therewith 135 4' • J -y^-s,» j1' 'Vf^'''i' 57 m: Ur .,.V ^'■'■-iKiV .; ,f. 104 i^ 135 Jk,.A w^ rti»'*1m«t1itjpr\ .i',', ^ ■■^^r-m^m.-tmrnvt v'^.^i^-*"'' «■»"*•'»>« *»fe^4";'f»% CAVALRY DRILL. ,»i~.nj ivpl,» 4i' t CHAPTER I. Section I* ,K«>*"'j*?«i 'ij^> \mi ttO vwFRACTICE OP CAVALRY MO VEMBNTS^ ■•^.;h ''tM ON FOOT. k ••' !•; •( ) For this piirpo9e the Regiment is to be formed and told off in the same manner as when mounted, and the same sys- tem will be pursued throughout. The Officers are to be t pofted two paces in front of the squadron, and the rear rank at die like distance from the front rank. In increasing the fipont the " Double time" will be used to represent the " Trot ;" ajbo in the wheels, wheo the pace of manoeuvre is ** quidt?" time." '\'Hit's!t 9.SW ^^'^.fvv^slNi-^ •, ^rjr *.>*■■ JV;j>-»!v"n'^'1> . In the formations one 'paee is to be allowed fo^ ft hofM^ length. .,,.,,,,.,;,.. . •....-.-.^ mb : -n^a^i twu; Section II.'^^'^^ Mnvf&^>l^^^ ■..Mf xi POSTING OF SENTINELS. The Instructor will occasionally post his recruits as iiMl>* tinels, giving e^ of them some particular orders to attend fOj.and in^tiructipg them, while pn their pojet^ not to jaQpipt; WMef^4^ to be broken through ; — that they are not ts^ qiut their urms, or walk more than ten yards on eacjjbi ^de of their j^ost ;-— that they are never to talk, Joiter, or kM|9ge np6n their post^' nor remain fti their s^niry-boxei} in goQd» nor even in moderate weather, but are to move about briskly,^ fc » MkHeir-Hke mainner}i--«difit On ih4» app^ai^de biPiBB officer, they are to stand firm oii any part of their \nSkt* paying the eompliment due, mitil the officer has passed, tak- ing care to front the point they have been told to observe; A 1 ■;t;| 11 A 6 Ifuirueiion on Foot H ' that to all field-officers, and to officers of a superior rank, they must present their arms i — ^to all other officers, they are to advance arms ; — ^tliat all rmurds and sentinels must pay the same compliments to officers of the Royal Nary and Marines as are directed to be paid to the officers of the army, according to their relatire ranks. That although guards do not turn out after sunset to pay compliments, yel sentineLi, whenever officers approach their posts, must ^y them a proper attention, by standing steady with carried arms, facingj tO; their proper front ; nor must t^iis oe left off until the evening is so far advanced, that they begin chal- lenging and demanding the countersign The recruit must be instructed to challenge in a clear, sharp tone, pronouncing his words as distinctly as possible. On any one approaching his post, he roust challenge them by the words " tvho comes there f^ and at the same moment port arms, — ^if the -person approaching gives a satwfhclDry reply, the sentinel will direct liim to, pass ; — after the chal- lenge " Who comes there f" should the reply be " JRoundSt*' he must instantly demand " What Rounds f** if answered f* Grand Rounds,** and he is po^sted at the guard-house, he mitst turn out the gfuard, by calling out, " Guqrd, turn out,*^ remaining steady on his post till the officer has receiTed'themi and they have passed. If he is posted elsewhere than at the gnard-houie, after the reply of « Grand Rounds,^ he must say, <^ Sian^ Grand Rounds ; Advance one and give the couniersignj^ iaunediatdy coming to the ** port," in which position he rer ceives the " countersign $" after which he desires them. t<» pass, by saying, " Pass, Grand Rounds, aWs weU," ad- vancing his arms at the sapie time, and presenting as thv Rounds pass him. Visiting Rounifs are received in the same manner by sentinels.'' ^v -'=•'•■'"- -"'■' r-i-<''i'x'n% :•iu -'j^>;./j»«* ~-tiii». .lu-.f \inm ,!>wfjr ^omifqjrn?^ ?*il>. i|«iT^>| : '*•/ i%>: . -f ''' Examine Amu — ^ri^ the carbine to the loading pod- ^^on ; draw ramrods ; each man springs his ramrod as Ihe officer passes him, lays it across the muisle, returns it, and Ifironts. '' N.B. — The barrel of the Light Dragoon carbine may be wniveniently examined at the trail, - '^y •^^ Advance Amu. i , ■ ..:^,^u\t V ■''[ Thp Inspection of appointments, clothing, &o. next takes plaee.^ — JRear Rank take Close Order — March — Siqjport '^rfnS'—St(imd at Ease. jMaflner of Disidissing a Troio|i off Paihodcilf i^nReeover Arms — Raise the carbine with the left hand, hold- ing it at the swell, and the right at the small of the butt, the barrel upright, and opposite the right cheek. E€ue Springs-^The carbine being kept steady at the recover, the pan is thrown open with the thumb of the right hand, and the cock let easy down with the fore-finger and thomb o€ the same hand. , .-p ! -t t ' . fiiahi Fa/C€ — Lodge Anns — The whole fiice to tibe right, anjd orop their carbines smartly to the " Port ;" the front n4ttk .break off to the left, thie ref^: japk tp.the |right».imd quit t|^e parade without noise... r't;..^.Krf ■>'»* hto- ^h.yiHh;'> -/' ■ m N.B«r*-In tuming-in a fp^axd or piquet, the same mode if to be obs^rredt with the exception ^ .^rt^^ CARf RIDGE practice; ^^<«0^ "* Fixing the Flint. In 6xing the flint of Carbines or Piftolf the flat side of it niis( be placed upwards or downwardii, according to the rise and shape, and the proportion which the hmffht of the code btera to Uie hammer. This must be asoertuned by lettfaig the cock gently down, and observing when the flint strikes the hammer, which it should do at one>third frcMSfi the top. The flint must not be too long, or it will lean against the hammer and allow the priming to escape. Vs?t-' Burning Priming. The Instriictor will take care to explain, that the pan half filled with powder is sufficient for the purpose, the grains being clear of the spring of the hammer. This explanation is particularly necessary, as much of the unsteadiness in solaiers, when firing two deep, proceeds iirom the useless quantity of powdwr used in priming, scorching their faces. The recruit must then by word of command, — " Maht Read^* — " Present and (Snap) Fire!* Before giving the word *< Fire^ the Instructor will see that the recruit is per- fectly steady ; has taken good aim at some given object ; the left eye shut ; the use of the sight having been previonsly explained. After the firie, the recruit is to be taught to keep the carbine steady to his aim, with the cheek down on the butt, until the word " Loa^* is given. A few lessons of burning priming in this manner (and afterwards two deep) will accustom the recruit by d^^ees to take a steady and finn ^m, and will prevent his being flurried and over anxk>us when brought to fire cartridge. ^t Um--;\hrur'^fiiM.^ %m '\Ai Hf \\w^^ itjy •o»3''i'^ Cartridge, ^.^.v^^^v^, ^..©s. - The recruit in loading is to be instructed to shake tJie powder weU out of the cartridge, and to ram the paper, as wadding, home. The Instructor will then make each recruit flee singly, looking to his levelling, and pay particular atten- tion that the cheek is not removed, or any start of the head permitted after the fire; The word " LoadP* will be given as previously ordered, and the recruit proceed accordingly. When several recruits ore steady in their firing singly, fhey wili ho nli^ first in fk iPlgle rankf that every man may i k % I Jb, , "tw __, ^fS- :.ii'i >-, 1 ImtrucHon ^i^'tmi- ■■V*.'"^ « r?" Section V. TO FIRE A FEU DE i(>lEi:Sj^' ■<> ^r ai The line drawn up at "Order" (double distance,) with advanced arms* '-^ ;%<--'««"> i-kI 'hVi 4 /''r.«r/ ?'. i iit« ;fmRf r Rettdy — Present — As before directed. '***^'' The same to be repeated a third time. After the third fire, the whole will glance their eyes to the light, to bring the carbines to the priming position together. Half-cock Arms — Shut Pans — Advance Arms — Present ^irms — Advance Arms — As in the Carbine Exercise. ^ »t^ Three cheers t *' ^^ Section VI. ''>»'»'!»»<■!-? lifwMWMit ■ - ' ■■'■ •'- ia *^ DIRECTIONS FOR FUNERAL PARTIES. ' si f The party appointed for the escort, according to the rank of the deceased, is to be drawn up two deep, with open ranks, facing the place where the corpse is lodged; and when it is brought out, the officer commanding will giro the following words of command : ? ;' ; ; ? s i . ju,- ,v rrnnf 'jm», > /f> kifteid •t^ Present Arms — Reverse Arms — The right hand strikes the butt of the carbine which is turned upwards ; the guard tamed towards the body ; it is then placed under the left arm, ■eizing the cock and hammer with the left fore-fingers and thumb. The right hand is thrown behind the body, and fpraafs the carbine ; the right heel at the same time is brought to fts original position. The officers' swords are reversed under the right afm': thfe point of the sword downwards, grasping the hilt with the right hand. Redr Rank take Close Order — The party will then wheel forwards or backwards by divisions, or sections, as circum- MiNices uiay require, and will stand in column, the left in front, until the procession is ready, when the ranks wiU be qpened by word of command. itfarc^r-The party moves off tn a|<^)9;.,^i^ei fo«Ifl>]fe|G[b7 the miisic, playing the Dead March. ^ Jh,,;^,,.,; Vioiikwj .4.;'.- •-'^ Instruction on Foot. THE CORPSE. 11 , PALL-BEARERS OF EQUAL RANK WITH THE DECEASED. ' CHIEF MOURNERS. - '"- Z';^ It OFFICERS TWO AND TWO. According to rank, the juniors next to the body of the deceased. When the first division of the funeral party arrives near the burial-ground, the word of command, '* aalt" is given, and the officer commanding will order the ranks of the divi- sions to wheel to the right and left, having been previously told off for that purpose, and facing inwards, forming a lane for the corpse to pass through. Rest upon your Arms Reversed — The carbine is quitted by the right hand, and brought uprig!>^ ; the muzzle placed upon the toes of the left foot. The left hand open is placed upon the butt-end of the carbine. . , ; The soldier's head leaning rather forward, the right hand is brought up to the forehead shading the eyes. The corpse, &c. having passed through the lane, the word ** Attention** is given, on which the soldiers raise their heads, and drop their right arms by their sides. -.iijHU.! :nii -^lum " Reverse Arms — The ranks are then wheeled up, and at " Open Order" move in ordinary time, and form in line in the same order, near to and facing the g^ave. The command will then be given, Rest upon your Arms Reversed. — After the performauv of the funeral service, the following words of command are given: — ^ . Attention — Present Arms — By changing the hand on the butt, raising the carbine, seizing it with the left hand at the swell, turning it over with the right hand, and then holding it in the position of " Presented Arms." Advance Arms — Prime andLoadwith Blank Cartridge—^ Advance ^r»w-^Three volleys are then fired in the air. After the third volley. Half-cock^ and Shut Pans — Ad' vance Arms — Rear Rank take Close Order — Return to camp, quarters, or barracks, the right in front, quick time. In marching back, the music is not to play, until the party is entirely clear of the biirying-ground. ii;i (H.tr Jii Of^ t CHAPTER II. ,:wA ,-, INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 7^M^ EQUITATION. ^. ^ ?'o '.^i) hiK- -He} 'U*^' ^^' Military Equitation, the principles of which are the same ibr all classes of Cavalry, consists in the skilful and ready a)>]dication of the Aids, by which the Rider guides and con- trols the Horse in all his paces, and in a settled balance of the Body, which enables him to preserve a firm seat in every variety of movement. .i^jii-i-n : y:-i > -? i»; vr. wv^M-ni ^^ The Aids in Horsemanship are — ^the motions and proper Implication of the bridle-hand and legs, to direct and deter- mine the turnings and paces of the Horse. This Science is indispensably requisite for the Military Horseman, in order that, being able to govern his horse by the aid of his legs and bridle-hand, he may have the right hand at fiiU liberty for the use of his weapons ; and be capa- ble, on all occasions, whether acting singly or in squadron, of performing with ease his various duties. «^*v,, >«iviv 5 j|*.^^ "-•' VH.,*'' * (■.i'^i'iw.j- ; *■■ '-vna iiis-: Hj^if* INSTRUCTION OF THE RECRUIT. urn t- t^' When the Reoniits shall have attained a knowledge of the usual military terms and commands, they will commence their lessons in Riding. Their lessons at first must be short and gentle. With patience and mild treatment on the part of the Instru . i,^,,,| :^^^ ^^ The Bit 18 to be placed in the horse's mouth, so that ^ mouth-piece be one inch above the lower tusk, and two inchM above the corner-tooth in mares. '^ The head-stall parallel to and behind the cheek-bone. ,t2- "^ The curb to be laid flat and smooth under the jaw, to ad* mit one finger between it and the jaw-bone, and never tighter or looser, with a view to ease the horse's mouth. The nose-band beneath the bridoon head-stall, one ^a;fMget to play between it and the nose. :: , •■ The bridoon-rein of such length that, when held by fh4 middle, in the full of the left hand, with a light feeling of the .horse's mouth, it will touch the rider's waist. . In riding with the bit, the bridoon-rein to be held in the full of the bridle-hand, passing under the middle joint of the thumb, and over the longest joint of the fore-finger, the thumb closed firmly on the bit-rein. * * , , Fitting of the Stirrup. ,' vr'^Vij^ ^, The lower edge of the bar is to be two fin'^gers above the upper edge of the heel of the boot for the Hussar saddle, ,|9,d 9Pjie inch higher for the Heavy Cavalry saddle. 'Ah^<, H. A^eaaing tne norse. ^^ The rmns of the bridoon being taken over the head, are to be held with the right hand, tiie fore-finger between them, H ^ Miiitary Eqmiaiion, \ [fk near the rinffs of the bridoon ; the ends of the reini in the left hand, which hangs easily behind the thigh. When leading through a door- way, the soldier placing himself in front of his horse, and taking one rein in each hand close to the ring of the bridoon, steps backwards, talking care that the horse's hips and appointmenti^ clear the posts of the door. Wiien the horse is through, he placet himself on the near side as before. •'^'In passing an Officer on his left, he looks towards him ; if the Officer is on the off side, the soldier steps to that side, leading with the left hand, till he has passed about four yards, when he comes to the near side again. i The squad having formed in line with a horse's length in? terval between each file, will i, .,;f^ ;,: .< tj n. -, ^ .ft-r^ti-^rft Stand at Ease — Each soldier opposite the near shoulder of the horse, the right arm passed through the bridoon rein, which has been put over the hoirse's head* an^ hangs on the Attention — The position of the man as in Foot-drifl, tiui holding the left bridoon rein pear the ring of the bit, with the right hand ; toes in a line with the horse's fore feet ; left band hanging down by the thigh. '^ In Front of your Horses— h. full step forward, with the right foot turning to the right-about, on the ball of it, taking the bridoon reins in each hand near the rings of the bit, raising the horse's head to the height of the man's shoulder, and making the horse stand even. (In this position a niai| shows a horse to an Officer when halted in leading past.) Dress — When fronting the horses, dress to the left, if thf right would be the flank dressed to when mounted. , ^^f ^ Stand to your Horses — A full step forward, with the right foot to the horse's near side, and face left-about on the ball of the right foot fronting the same way as the horse, at the position of attention. . Ihu ^^^"^-^^ Mounting with Stirrups, ' ''''''''\ Prepare to Mount — [In Four Motions.] — Face to the right on the left heel, place the right foot opposite the stirrup parallel to the side of the horse, heels six inches apart ; take the bridoon rein equally divided in the left hand, and the bit reins in the ri^ht hand, placing the little finger of the left between them,'' place the left hand below the right on the neck of the horse, about twelve inches from the saddle. ' * The bridoon to to bt t«|(f{i in th« vtfo^p nuMui«r m ttie Ut ralu wli«| iuf4 "•'♦;: Instruction of the Recruit. -r.^t^v:- U t<^ 7W— The right hand draws the reine through the lefti and shortens them, so that the left has a light and equal feel- ing of both reins on the horse's mouth ; the right hand re- maining over the left. *^'7%ree — The right hand throws the reins to the off side, takes a lock of the mane, bringps it through the left hand, and twists it round the left thumb ; the left mund closes firmly on the mane and reins, the right hand now quits the mane, and lays hold of the left stirrup with the fingfers to the rear. Four — The left foot is raised and put into the stirrup, as far as the ball of it ; the right hand is placed on the cantle, and the left knee against the saddle on the surcingle ; the left heel is to be drawn back in order to aroid touching the horse's side with the toe. Mount — [In Three Motions.] — By a spring of the right foot from the instep rise in the stirrup, bring both heels to- gether, knees firm against the sadcfle, heels drawn bade a Uttle, the body erect, and partly supported by the right hand. .. Two — The right hand moves from the cantle to the pum- mel or off holster, and supports the body while the right leg passes clear over the horse's quarters to the off side; the right knee closes on the saddle, and the body comes gently into it. ' . ---* Three — The left hand quits the mane, and the right the holster, the bridle hand takes its proper position ; the right hand drops by the diigh, without stiffidess, the back of the hand outwards. .- -uh .f>«iHt.»TOJn wM\ff ; ^v>{ Hfi tirti hiiti^'^^l The 'right foot takes the stirrup without the help of hand 0'«y«- .*:U\?, W) .ir?'.:,iii!.:!(! u\ Prepare to dismount — [In Three Motions.] — The right hand takes Uie rein above the left ; the right root quits th^ stirrup. Two — The right hand holding the rein, the left slides Afr- ward upon it, about twelve inches from the saddle, feeliiqp < the horse's mouth very lightly.a»v^»t' ^ f-!|,^ i»V '^ ^'*.'^ '' •^. Three— The right hand drops 'die reins to the«off silcl^ takes a lock of the mane, brings it through the left hand and twists it round the thumb, the fingers of the left hand closing QS| iti ^ right himd is^^a placed en tlse !u»!ster ; the body Dismount — [In Four Motions.] — Supporting the body with the right hand and left ibot, the right leg is brought 16 MiHiary Eqmtaiioi^i\ n. gentler (without touching either the horse's hindquarters or the saddle) to the near side ; heels close ; the right hand on the cantlo is to preserve the balance of the body as ia mounting. 7W — The body is gently lowered until the right toe toudbes the ground. -At \ 7%ree — Resting on the right foot the left stirrup is quitted* and the left foot is placed in a line with the horse's hooft ; the hands remain as in tlie former motion. • • ^'-ii-:. s^^m Four — Both hands quit their hold ; the soldier faces to the left on the left heel, and brings the body square to the front ; as he is turmng, the right hand lays hold of (he bridoon rein near the ring of the bit, and raises the horse's head as high as the man's shoulder. »»mt -i^ii.* »«;** -a---' r. .TBi«?MAi ^U\^L To Dismoupt with Carbine slu?ag,j./^iTt?*yi^ i ,.f , J.J ,';, .■', . i' ' ,. ■:'■ rf''" ''Vfj^^'f- i;- v,-f tt^mt In preparing to dismount, the Carbine is to be passed behind the back to the near side, hanging by the swivel^ muzzle downwards. . . ♦Hi,? ».• -le •» V <> ■;(> > Imu *^0:i{j rtim Inrtntction ofihe Reeruit. n k«« Carry the leg oyer the horse, and fitU lightly into the saddlei the right hand being carried from the cantle to the off holstert ' ,v>i^.''*""' ''■-' '" ''^"■' "*"* tih^jj^i "'.i ■■> «;ifiji tfR?. Both hands then assume their proper position. !** ^^?' ''* WithotU Stirrups — Prepare to Dismount — Both hands* holding the reins, are placed with the fingers extended, and thumra on the holsters or pununel. Dismount — Ruse the body out of the saddle by botib arms, bring the right leg clear over the croup to the near ride, and alight on the ground, the weight thrown on the toes. The right hand lays hold of the bridoon rein as before. Obs. — As soon as the Recruit is perfect in the detailed motions of mounting and dismounting, he must be practised in mounting and dismounting at once, without pausing be- tween the several motions. , ^, The Recruits being mounted, and being taught to take up the Stirrups and fasten them in front of the Saddle, over the horse's neck, will be placed in the ■ary^rrf !■■.»■* Position without Stirrups. The body balanced in the middle of the saddle ; head erect and square to the front ; shoulders well thrown back ; chest advanced ; small of the back rather hollow ; upper part of the arms hanging down straight from the shoulder ; elbows bent and lightly closed to the hips ; little fingers on a level with the elbows ; wrists rounded, throwing the knuckles to the frt>nt, and thumbs pointing inwiffds across the body ; each hand holding a rein, between the.third and fourth finger, the end thrown over the fore-finger and the thumb closed on it, the hands about three inches from the body, and varying from four to six inches apart. ^ The thigh well stretched down* from the hip ; the flat of the thigh to the saddle ; knees a Uttle bent ; legs hanging straight down from the knee, and near the horse's sides ; heels well stretched down, the toes raised from the insteps, and as near the horse's sides as the heels. ^ ; .. .. v > ^ ,- %m-i:^ A plummet line from the fr^nt point of the shoulder should fall an inch behind the heel. This is the position halted, or at a walk ; at a trot the body must be inclined a little back, the whole figure pliant, and accompanying the movements of the horse. The elbows and lower limbs must be kept steady. ynif^a-i^ >--<>, B I .K 18 Military Equitation* ¥%■ The Recruit ia next to be iDStnicted in the method of pre- •ervinff his seat and balance on horseback, and of applying the uds of his hands and legs in the several turnings and paces of the horse. ^ , ,„^, ,,, ,.,^1 Great care should be taken to avoid the risk of his being unhorsed or alarmed ; and every means must be used to g^ve him confidence. For a few days he should ride quietly at a walk, in order to get the habit of extending his limbs ; of becoming accus- tomed to the movements of the horse, and of preserving the proper position and balance while in motion. .^^^ March — In moving forward, the hands arc to be eased by turning the little fingers towards the head of the horse ; when in motion the hands resume their poution. * HaU — A steady feeling of both reins by bringing the little fingers towards the breast, nails turned upwards ; both leg^ closed for a moment to keep the horse up to the hand ; hands eased as soon as halted. Rein Back — March — A light feeling of both reins ; little fingers towards the breast ; and pressure of both legs to ruse the forehand, and keep the haunches under the horse ; ease the reins after every step, and feel them agun. ^ „^. Right or Left Turn — A double feeling of the inward rein, the outward retaining a steady feeling. The horse kept up to the hand, by a pressure of both 1^» the outward leg the strongest, to keep the haunches firom being thrown too much out. ^ x,£^'^r Right or Left About — A double feeling of the inward rein, and stronger pressure of the inward leg, supported by the outward leg and rein, the horse turning on lus centre* Obs. — By a turn-about the dressing is changed. In turning to the right or right-about, the little finger of the right hand is to woric towards the right shoulder; in turning left or left-about, the left little finger towards the left shoulder, upwards in both casein, to raise the fore hand. In working tcf the right, the thumb of the inward (right) hand to be on a level with the little finger of the left ; the inward rein one inch shorter, so as to let the rider see the horse's inward eye, and vice versa, * ■ »*»:• flsiif msw^_ Hj^ Bend your Horses^ — Play lightly with the inward rein, supporting with the outward leg and rein. The bend should be fiDom the poll of the neck. Bending and unbending should be gradual. i tx ■ M fe « •i,--^.. ., U.: Inttruetion of the Recruit, 19 The motion of the inward hand in bending, er forming a horse's mouth, should be by turning the little finger towards the body, naUs upwards, and resuming the position alter- nately, by a movement of the wrist, not by easing and draw- ing bade the hand by a motion of the elbow, which must be kept steady. It must be well expluned that lightness of hand consists in an almost imperceptible feeling and alternate easing of the bridle, according to the motion of the horse, by which the delicacy of the horse's mouth is preserved. Trot — Ease the reins, and press the calves of both legs iaccording to the horse's temper, then feel both reins to raiie the forehand. *^' p-mx " Recruits must be taught to preserve their position and seat by the balance of the body, and not by clinging with their Knees. When the Recruit has learnt te preserve his proper seat and balance, and has a knowledge of the aids of hands and legs, he is to ride with spurs. ' .: ;\= ^ »- v^* .,.».*' In making use of them he must be taught not to open hit thighs, or yield the body forward ; the leg only should move, and the spur be implied just behind the girth. The spur should be applied as little as possible $ but when it is, the horse should feel it ; because a continued touching Bghtly with the spur will either make the horse kick, or cause him to become insensible to it. A jogging motion of the leg, therefore, with the heel drawn up, must never he allowed. \ ■--•^'^^- -t '^"^»^ ■-" w^x.-v ;.->....- > .,..,..:-.v'i :,..>. SINGLE RIDE. . ■ un:'w.'.t m 'i«)..f..i » Canter — A light and firm feeling of both reins, to ruse the horse's forehand ; a pressure of ooth legs, to bring the haunches under him. ' " * - . i : ti J?» ^ . A double feeling of the inward rein, and a stronger pres- sure of the outward leg, to make the horse strike off true and united. The horses should lead off correctly, without throwing their haunches in ; the rider in applying the aids for cantering, is to remain steady in the middle of the saddle, Mrithout leaning forward. ? ; r -^ ; ; ^■-■^-'-"•u-ic^if'i^j^^:^-^^ In going to the right, a horse thould lead with the off fore foot, followed by the off hind ; in going to the left, with the near fore, followed by the near hind. In cantering to the right, a horse lea^ng with the two near legs is " fidse." B 2 so Maiiary Equitation. ^ v ,. In cantering to the left, if he leade with both off legi» he {•"fiOae." C«nterinff with the near fore, followed by the off bind, or off fore, folh>wed by the near hind, is ** disunited." . When the horse has struck off correotlv, hands and legs resume their proper pontion. The reins to oe eased at every stroke by the play or the wrist, avoiding a dead pulL fi ^^« Ai^^i/ \*i RIDING WITH ARMS. ' • -«* '«'V^ 4 Carry Swords — The right arm half-way between the wrist and the elbow to touch the hip lightly ; the lower part of the arm square to the upper ; the wrist rounded so as to incline the edgre slightly to the left ; sword-hand on a level with bridle-hand. ' , ; !/?:* \'2^'a / -. ' ', ,r yt^.,. ? Slope Sword» — The arm being in the same position, by bending the wrist upwards, and relaxing the 3rd and 4m finffers, the sword is allowed to fall back on the shoulder. When " Draw Swords** is ordered at a walk, the men remain at " Carry Swords," till ordered to " Slope;** when at a " trot" or " canter," they come to *< slope" directly. Leaping. mm, A :.'M -f.si.^! .;.f For the ^* Standing Leap," bring the horse up to the bar at an animated walk, halt him with a light hand on his haunches ; as he rises, feel the reins only enough to prevent their becoming slack ; when the horse springs, yield them entirely ; when tho hind feet come to the ground, collect the horse agun, resuming the usual position, and moving on at the same pace ; the body is to be inclined forward as the horse rbes, and back as he alights. For the *< Flyinff Leap," the horse must not be hurried, or allowed to rush; but his head must be kept steadily and stn^ht to the bar, with a light hand. Poution the same as in the " Standing Leap." In letting, the bridoon will be used for some time, to ease the power of the bit on the horse's mouth. Checking the horse violently, after he has made the leap, must be particularly avoided; as the horse takes it as a punishment, when he ou^ht to be encouraged, and becomes shy of the bar the next tune. ,. ,^1^ yj*. j.,; ^ja^^at ,!^t«^^»^i The Instructor will, of course, use Us judgment in vary- ing these moyementS; so as not to make the lesson too ! 1 or ■ui I •« n. Slementaty Ifu&uetionjbr Field Exercite. 91 tecB^iil,— ^[niMTCisiiig one day what had heen omitted the day before. Duingthe leMon he will occanonally order " Hali," and « Sit at Base" or « Dismount!* • *• < .f->b m ifiil W v Whenever opportunity oflGen, the men and horsei should be practised in leaping Ditches ; for doing which, the above instructions are equaUy applicable. .-.t^f'T' otr--;^ i,t v'f*'^"* Section II. '^•'- -' '■• '-^-'i'^'*^*^ SXiEMENTARY INSTRUCTION FOR FIELD mlii M^jij »■ ••- -^ ..EXERCISE. ,^ . : _^ ...Telling Off. * 1 The men are to be instructed to . tell o£P by files and by threes, and to prove their tellings ofF. "i^From the Rights tell off by Files — On this command, the right file of the division, turning his head at the instant of speaking to the left, utters the word " Rights** sufficiently loud to be heard by the next file, by the rear rank coverer when formed into two ranks, and also by the officer com- manding the squad; he then instantly looks to the front. The second man, in like manner, tells off ** Left" »o. ^^d From the Right, teUoffby Threes — In telling off by threes, the first file tells off << Right," the second << Centre," and the third " Left," the fourth « Right," and so on. :« . .. ^ . , -M" If the ride or squad be sufficiently numerous, it may' be told off in two divisions, according to the regulations, The several tellings off are next to be proved : hi Prove your Tellings Off—^A caution.) ' * *' '■'"* Right Files, Proof— On this command, the men who told themselves off " Rignt" will quickly stretch out their right hands, their arms on a level with their shoulders, die thumb upwards, and the palm of the hand to the left. As you were — The men drop their hands to the uka^ position. This command is given after proving each telling off. B 3 9S l.v... iJ'^^tary JEquitatioru ^.^^.. .«v\A Left FUett Proof-^FlanJu of Threes, Proof-^UmMt of Divisi \ Proof— -Thene tellings off are prov cd in the «aiu6 way. When IT" double ranks, the front rank only tell off; bat the rear raii». ta) '> up and prove their teU'ogs off with their front file leaders. • -'vf'diu ^:.taMm\ t'f ^>'^mn'Hf^^ Dismounting and Mounting. The telling off by files is chiefly used for reining back the alternate files for mounting and (usmouiiting at close order. When the squad is to Dismount, the command is given. Prepare to Dismount — The left files rein back until their horse's heads are just clear of the line of their right files horses' croups ; they dress to the right ; and the whole then proceed with tlie preparatory motions. Dismount — This is performed as directed in the preceding instructions. When the squad is to Mount, the oommaad is g^ven. Prepare to Mount — The several preparatory motkOW are executed in quick succession. .; '.h ^.. . ir^ tr^^^: Mount — This is performed in the manner previoosly direeted, and the left files move up iiiu) liu'd without waiting fiw a word of command, and dress by the right files. When the squad is in two radcs, and recdves the caution- ary command *' Prepare to Dismount^** the whole of the rear rank rein back one horse's length, in addition to their usual distance at dose order, and halt without any command ; the left files of that rank then proceed in the manner before directed for the single or front rank, and dismount by the same command. On Mounting, the rear rank closes to its {nroper distar rff, after its left files have moved up, without any word of eMUi-* mand. _ ,„(■,((.,•, s >.; ,'\}\-'. •.n'wt • ■■i •;. t vojtM -) Movements of Thi'eeB, a -i * The squad hvh, * fonncd in close files in nngle rank, told off by files, am' i\i ^ej, avJ. the tellings proved, it is to be explained to tbf. >ii«'r KhiKCy on the first sound of the word, Threes Right- — Tb ' tight and idft of threes cast their eyes to the centre file, who, at the last sound of the word, imme- diately begins turning his horse to !the right, on the oentre point between the fore and hind feet, which each describe g quarter circle. 1% Elementary Intiruetion for Field Exercise, S8 The right file keeps the same relati f^ pontion U> the oen* trC) by reininff back in a circular din^ction, cloung thu right leg to circle the croup round. The left file, by moving forward and to the right, in a circular direction, closing the left leg to ket'p the haunches from flying out. When uie centre file lias completed the right turn, he and the right f V i '^mediately dress to the left. The iiaa/l >> sing now in column of threes, right in front, each VV«^":H?^,V •.;- V '■ t ^^^\ ! t . 1 1 ' T .'•.Hi !>;.».?' m'^ ),..■■ :^^- .; i 'if?-!:' ^mi ,Vfffv'..!l '<; 4> 1 }-i. i •■; CHAPTER m. f ' ■ I /■ »'i ON THE USE OF THE CARBINE AND fii>:i ■■'>.- i PISTOL ON HORSEBACK. . ? . : . i .. '•■ •■ "i, .*;:<'': Section I. When the Recruit has attained a degree of proficiency, the Exercise of Arms on Horseback should often form a part of each riding-lesson ; by this means he will acquire such dex- terity in the use of his fire-arms, as will enable him to load and to discharge them, while his horse is in motion, without annoying the animal, or being disturbed in his seat. Although it is desirable that the horseman should be habi- tuated to the use of his carbine at speed, few occasions can arise for his using it against an enemy at any pace beyond a walk ; and notwithstanding he is enjoined, while skirmishing, to keep his horse in motion, in order to avoid becoming a fixed object for the enemy's marksmen, he cannot reasonably calculate on his shot being efiective, unless he halts for the moment of firing. It is found that the fire of the carbine to the left;, and of the pistol to the rear, are the most efiective ; and that to the right with the carbine, and to the front with the pistol, is the least so. It should, however, be remembered, that although the fire of the carbine be most certain to the left, the turning of either flank to the enemy exposes both man and horse in the greatest degree. • The fire of the cavalry soldier is never to be had recourse to but in skirmishing ; and firing with the carbine to the front is generally to be preferred, because in that position the horse presentc the least mark, and the rider is most covered from the shot of the enemy. The pistol is ill calculated for skirmishing against the enemy : the carbine is preferable on most occasions. There are, however, situations of emergency where the horseman may find the pistol useftil ; as when his sword is broken, or his sword arin partially disabled ; if under these, or similar circumstances, he should be compelled to make a «» I ■'T.T.p^ ■'-j.j^:» 'r,T-- Carbine Exercise on Horseback, 25 precipitate retreat, he may, by presenting his pistol, keep his enemy at bay ; although it would seldom be advisable for him to fire, until his Mversary should close upon him, and the effect of his fire would be nearly certain. In the first essays of the Recruit in this part of the exer- cise, great care must be taken, that, in presenting to the front or left, he do not strike or touch the horse's head with the carbine or pistol ; and in firing, that his horse's ears be not singed or struck by any loose grains of powder from the pan. These accidents may be avoided by rising the breech of the piece sufficiently high, and by turning the lock a little up- wards at the Present. s^ '^ --> 'jf'f i." ? In priming, the Recruit must be made to understand iSiat a smful quantity of powder in the middle <^ the pan is suffi* cient ; that he must never fill, or scatter, or leave any loose grains on the edge of it, as by that means the hammer woaM be prevented shutting down close, and the priming would be lost. In Loading, he must be taught to shake the powder out of the paper into the barrel before he puts in the wadding ; and when loading with ball, to double the paper round it, so that it may reqmre a small degree of force to drive it home ; otherwise, when he may have occasion to << Sling*' or " 8trap" his carbine, or ** Return" his pistol, when loaded, the ball would be apt to fell out. .nMl Is t^^ h^^ - When the Recruit is familiar with the firings at the halt, he may practise them while his horse is in motion ; afterwards he must be taught to fire with ball at a suitable object, first at tlie halt, and afterwards when in motion. In all the motions connected with firing, great care must be taken to avoid altering the accustomed feeung of the bridle in the horse's mouth, or the usual seat and balance of the man, as tending to alarm the animal ; for a horse once ren- dered timid by an accident in firing from his back, will make the practice of it both difficult and dangerous. .,} '•rvi-.ii; -■ ;. ;-/..:, Section II. '"- ^' ' '-' CARBINE EXERCISE ON HORSEBACK. The Squad for instruction is to be formed in a rank entire at double open file distance, and a flugelman in front to give time. Spring Arms — Take ofi^ the right-hand glove and lock- cover, putting it and the glove into the off-nokter or shoe- case ; swivel and unstrap the carbine, and seize it with the right hand at the gripe. *■ ii ttii dMiM'J^a^iitviiiiWJ^^ Tufa — Draw the carbine from the bucket, and, continuing to grasp it in the fioU hand, bring it to the " Advance," rest- ing the hand upon the thigh ; the barrel diagonally across the body ; the muzzle a little elevated, so thi^ it be in line wdth the horse's left ear. In this position the carbine is carried by small detachments aiid advanced parties when near the enemy, and by videttes on service, bemg that from which the soldier most readily ]|^pares to fire, and which occasions llie least fatigue. Prime and Load — Place the carbine in the priming posi- tion, that is, in the full of the left hand, at the gripe (wimout disturbing die position of the arm or the feeling of the bridle in the horse's mouth), keeinng the carbine in the same diagonal direction as the <* Advance ;" place the thumb of the r^ht hand behind the 8|«el» or himiaier, the elbow a little turned out. -itf^ fM>}-4"> n''wof> ^ Two-^Open the pan. -d Handle Cartridge — Carry the hand round to the pouch, and take hold of a cartridge. Two — Draw out the cartridge, and bite ofPthe end* .^^ ^^; ' Prime — Shake a little powder into the pan. ^,; ^^ Ttpo — With the three last fingers shut it, then- seaie die small of the butt. About — Raise the carbine with both hands (without alter- ing die position of either upon it), clear ever the hollow between the holsters and the horse's neck, and carry the butt under the bridle-reins, to the near side (called " Castinff About"), letting the carbine turn in both hands, till the lock be to the left ; then permitting it to slide through the left hand until the muzzle be opposite to the right oreast, jdie right hand is brought up to the sight. In tms position the Gar|l>ine will be sustained principally by the swivel. Twa — Shake the powder into the barrel, and then put in the paper, or ball, and lay hold of the ramrod with the fore- finger and thumb. Draw Ramrod — Draw out the ramrod^ and put an inch of it into the muzzle. '^ ;♦** ^*^ *>* «i>i*>f»'i!j*'Mt ^uti ifmiim i^i' ^ Ram Doum Cartrtdge^Rsan down the charge. '*^ %%; .^ Tufo — Drive it home by two distinct beats of the ramrod. »>> Return Ramrod — Return the ramrod, and hold it between the fi»re-finger and thumb. Advance Armt — Raise the carbine up with the teft hand. • .fe- .-LH^-.fH jCaflnne Exercise on ffonebtfck. f^E"' '4 . n ..> ■*, and seize it at the gripe with tlie ri^t, ^^rryit OTerllie horse's neck, and place it at the " Advance ;** the bridle-hand '^rrrinf ■ 4^" *''*t"t^|fff/;^', ■*» n??* r'*- ,-f: resumes its position. jReadj/ — Place the carbine in the left hand in the priming position ; cock ; then seize the small of the butt with the |right hand. Front PresefU — Ruse the carbine to the ** Present" with both hands, and place the butt firmly against the hollow of the right shoulder ; lean the head in order to take a steady um* In raising the carbine to the ** Present" care must be taken not to disturb the feeling of the bridle in the horse's mouth ; and, with this view, the motion^ must be made as smoothly and quietly as possible ; the body may lean a little for ward j and, if necessary, the reins may be a little leng^hendd. JFHre — Pull the trigger, still keeping the carbine at the " Present," and the eye fixed on the object. Load — Place the carbine in the priming position, with the thumb on the cock and the fingers underneath the guard, and half-cock the carbine, keeping hold of the cock. The re- mainder of the loading motions as before. ^^%,^|£ ^^f^y iVLB« — Preparatory to firing to the left, the men must be made to turn their horses to the right, in order to avoid in- juring each other. Heady — As before. Left Present — Raise the carbine to the " Present," to the left, with the right hand ; and, in order to steady it and ensure a good aim, rest the barrel on the left arm, near the elbow, which, for this purpose, is to be raised almost as high AS the shoulder. ^ ;^. ,,_. 2^ire — Load — As before. * f- ?* N.B. — Preparatory to firing to the right, the men must turn dieir horses to the left about. . Ready — As before. itlliffht Present — Turn the body to the right, but ^thout deranging its balance, and raise the carbine to the " Present," with the right hand placing the butt firmly against the hollow of the shoulder. The bridle-hand is to preserve its usual position. J*tre — As beiore. ■ • •% i i « i • 'i ^^^ffalf-cock Arms — As before. ^ '^ -* MfS^ut Pans — Shut the pan, and seize the small of the butt. ^d Advance Arms — As t^'^V: J i 5?<.>*"T-Jv»?»' m -h: M '^PiHol Exereue on ttofteback* NJB, — The e^lerdge should next he gone through in qnidc time. ^ From the ** Advance'' the carhine inay he Carried or Carry ^rm«-— Without altering the position and gi^asp fk the riffht hand, raise the carbine, and phce the bntt of it in the hdlow of the thigh, where the hand previously rested ; the muzzle to be carried to the front, so as to be in a line,, dear of the horse's neds, itnd leaning rather forward ; the elbow near the side. In this position the carbine is carried 1>y the advanced guard in marches of parade. Sling ^rm«— This position is taken from any of the pre- ceding, by quietly dropping the carbine with the miUBzle downwards behind the thigh, and leaving it " Slung," or sus- pended by the swivel only. From being " Slung,'* the carbine may be brought at once to any of the for^^ing positions, or may be **• Strapped." ' Stra^ Amm — Seize the cmrbine at the gripe, and fix the muzzle in the but^et ; then strap and unspring the carbine, and drop the swivel ; put on the lock-cover, and right-hand •glove, and let both hands resume their usual position. •>.*", Section III. :^^ PISTOL EXERCISE ON HORSEBACK. Wit The squad, being mounted, is to be formed as for the Car- bine Exercise. Draw Pistol — Take off the right-hand glove, unbutton the flounce, and push forward the cloak, or draw back the fheepskin and shabraque, according to the equipment, and ' seize the butt of the pistol with the right hand under the left arm. J'wo — Draw the pistol carefully and bring it at once to the position in which the sword is ^* Carried," the muzzle a little to the front, the cock resting^ in the hoUow between the thumb and the hand, the lower fingers relaxed and extended along the butt. This position is called the ** Advance." The commands and motions for priming and loading are to be made as directed for the carbme. Front — Present — From the left hand riuse the pistol with the right, till the breeoh be nearly as hish, and in line with, the right eye, with the muzzle lowered to the olgeet ; the nqmck ried or jp^Bsp of of It in rested; aline,, rd; the carried ihe pre- miuBzle or 8118- t at once ►ped;* I fix the carbine, ght-hand ^-' a ■ ■the Car> anbnttOii back the aent, and ir the left nee to the de a little the thumb ded along are pistol ^th line with, kject; the Pittol ExercUe. t9 ,^^1 hand lightly grasping the butt, the arm a little bent, and without stimiesB, in order to keep the pistol more correctly to its aim, and to avoid the shock of a recoil. Fire — Lo(»d — As before. - Preparatory to firing to the right or left, the squad must turn uieir horses, as directed in fi^ng to a flank with the carbine. B^ady — As before. Lefi Prff«efi^— Resiing the barrel on the left anuj m be- fore directed for the carbine. Fire—^Load — As before. Might Pre$€nt—T\M pistol is carried to the right, is raised and lerelled as directed in presenting to the firont M i Fire Load — As before.^** 'v*^'^**^^^*"^ 'j-sjii^ii^^ M n\ Rear Present— -Cvnj the pistol as far towards the rear as the body, turned in that direction, will admit ; take the aim, and hold the pistol in the same maUner as directed for pre- senting to the front. Firer &c. — As before. Half-code pistol, shut pans, and Return Pistol— Dxof the muzzle under the bridle-arm, and place the pistorcareAiUy in the holster. ^ , Two— Brjnpg tiie right hand to its position by the thigh. .11^"* ♦ m^ -film ,•«'.»■- ... - ,.,- fM\ 'Wiit; ^ , , _^ ., I .*.- ^ ..,..v :.V^.^. '^'^■r.- -^f'- • CHAPTER >WmH!ij«k—^mi^^-'^'^i% '., , . . . . , S WQpD BX1'!^R.C USE. mmi ■ Tbtit.. nwl - >J n rfj INTRODUCTORY R£MAR«:S. The use of the Sword cannot be attained with re^iupite efficacy by the Cavalry, unless they are|^rdper1y wldperffK:t- W tvained to an «ket'(bse'},.;a hm-. -^-' ^^--JW*' -Extension MdfioiJ|:;]f,!::?;1;,» .Th(98iB iho^ns tend to HKpatid t}ie'^hest,;i^e the head, throw back the shoulders, and 8treng^en«the muscles of th« back. ■ %_\,:H^^i'^-r l^'--. vrt.is>i5>A5«vWJ.'':v ;*:« ■ The Squad being at < Attention,' the caution is given. First Extension Motions, One — Bring the hands, arms, and Moulders to the front, the fingers lightly touching at the points, and the nails down- wards ; then raise them in a circular direction well above the head, tiie ends of the fingers still touching, the thumbs point- ing to the rear, the elbows pressed hack, and shoulders kept down. . ,\, .:.,,..-,,,,, .,v;.-.-,^ -:,. i.-?' '.v.r^\.K' Two — Separate and extend the arms and fingers upwards, forcing them obliquely back, till they come extended on a line with the shoulders ; and as they fall gradually from thence to the original position of < Attention,' endeavour, as much as possible, to elevate the neck and chest. ^^'«''* Three — Turn the palms of the hands to the front, and press back the thumbs with the arms extended; and raise them to the rear, till they meet above the head ; the fingers pointing upwards* wi^ the ends of the thumbs touching. :M Swor^-^km^^ie. dl re^ufeite peiffict- racti^'on Bmmnftiid eU.^Tthe i ■■- : ^'Ji:iJ fjfilq fnflB liiehead, leg of th« iven. the front) ils down- above the lbs point- ders kept upwai^, ided on a dly from ivour, as 'ont, and and raise le fingers hing. ^ Kikf Ihtf imm and khees* ' straight, apd bend over till the hands touch the feet, the head biding brdtitfht down {a 'tke same direction*. 'u /va'^F iiiiyi-r oii/ 'rj\ni\'\'r.. •wivrV »^*jF¥m — With the arms fliexible and easy from the shouMenr, raise the body gp'adually, so as to resmne the positidn' o^ < Attenlaon» ■ ,• ;v.i.: ..^..d ,.'.;:=»,./. The whole of these motions should be ^ne rery gtA^bBoHt- ly^ so as to feel the exertion of die muscles throughout, and ocpasionally yaried bv changing the order of them '% m^ng the *iPmt; or < Third/ lead i^to the < SeQon4' or VFoivth ;' and the * Fourth' into the * First,' or * Third,' according to th^ usual mode; or by raising the 9xm» eifXeuded to the Ttoiit, ''' ■';"., ^ ■'■■•. '■'''', . ;■ The * First* j^nd ^ $eGond' motions ^ould be practise^ with the head turned, as much as possible, to the right or left; and the whole'tif the nations performed without any pilule SQ that! th^ leadi inte eaob odMr. ■■ ^ ^m' . F^pi^H^nin Three Motiont. . '^ OM0-**lMDt>Te the hmiiis swaartly to the rear, the left g^Mj^ ing the rig^t arm jnst abore the elbow» ami the rigm sa]^ portiagt ihie left u;m under the elbow. ' > hs Twa-^Mtike a half faade to the left, tnmmff on tlire heetts, 80 that the back of the left touches the inside of the r%ht heel ; the head retaining its position to the front. Three — Bring the right heel before the left, the fec^t at right angles, and the right foot pointing to the front ; the shoulders square to the left^ and ^e wei|pit of U|l^ body\^(^- ^-^.w. « Second Position in Two* Motions. .boJ'jlt|Hioti '^'' On«^—- Bend the knees gi^addally, keeping thein as much apart as possible, without raising the heels, or changing the eretit pontion of the body. / f- *, \^ . v \-^ Two — Step out smartly with the right foot about eighte^ 'Inches in line with the left heel ; the weight of the body re- maining on the left leg. % >. "|;., . i ■u.i^i^^i 'uU iJ^alonce Motiori»k,rjn nr^^^^ One— Move the ri'^t foot about eight Inches to' tne rei0: of the left heel, the toe lightly touching the ground, with the heel perpendiemlar to it^ for<3ng the knees w^ apai Tbo— 'Ease (he body gradually hv the ^xt^asion rt*^iU« left leg c 2 m Sword JExercise, f ..3 Three — Bend the left kneei r^aumiag.y^ potition miMle l^evions to the second motion, t. ,.^ '< .r....Cr ^'< ffH F ^ ^ ^ ^^»^ ivA » .) SwOTa ExH^Kl 99 m made ; iiii ; beat of balance le right e shoul- M)t. , urty-six the left liiie»the «* **■' tk 'ill i{.( *»' with the ng each lemg^- e breast, lOttlders, inpleted, rms and ^h as the dined to vinff the perfectly ready to on to be ihoulder, the right in rising mces, so t be well g m the n smart- i formed »I 'H^i h. iy; so AS First Position — Spring up with the armeto the rear, and the rigi^t heel close to the left, which forms the > First Posi- tion,' as before described. ^ Froni-^Come imartiy to the position of * Attention,' bringing the hands and feet, in one motion, to their proper places. ' > In the foregoing instructions the Positions and Movements preparatory to using the Sword have been explained, giving a separate word of command for each motion respectively. The same positions may now be gone through, naming only in the word of command, the position or movement requiredj and distinguishing it by the numbers, * One,' * Two,' &c. &c. It is intended by this to practise the recruit in changing ftmn the^ different positions readily, and without losing his balaoM^ which will almost invariably rest upon the left leg. U^nt -ydi Jrostttons bu Numbers, r ^ . .*. •*»* ■ ' ■ - One — Raising the arm to the rear, and the right heel to the front, come at once to the ^ First Position.' -•? Ttw— Come to the Second Position: ^li"'">'«**«^'^i«ll»" ;- Threes, r Third Position. ' ^^J^ f ^ '^^.'J^"! %Jv)0-^X •>*») Sfir/^ Second Position^ii^/i Hiiat » o4i ftt j iv^"'*'-''**'^! 'j**jj"^« ^ijMi» .1 \tm\'yi iiiVib WoHa -U^One—^ t&«>v#.f '!« First Position* 'IT yAr^e-Oi"' i« Mr Third Position. ' '^irs^ Batat^ce Motion — Spring up to the position, lus showvj in'the 'iFirsi' Balance Motion.' , i* V \* au .; i«Ki^Xt .• Three — Step out to the ' Third Position. j^.j,^ j^ .mct^ ^;,^, First Balance Motion — Spring up as before. -^ Two — Step out to the * Second Position.' Single Attack — Raise the right foot, and beat it smartly on; tNe grounds U> 1 Double Attack — Raise the right foot, and beat it, as before, twice on the ground ; first with the heel, and then with the flat of thto foot. IHii it>« '^li iMM fIO(iS» iitk| kA - > fJ^^^^^v^nce — Move forward the rigbt foot about ^x iJt¥^es, and place it smartly on the ground ; then bring up tjho lef^ iij|K)tl^fatly about the same distan<^f,,.,,, , ., - ^^ '^^ Single Attach — As before. iC «»<■» fii'tJi-vro .4 ■•ri' !U ;?i no tiinm '^^^ Retire — Move tite left iget lightly to the r^ar abdiit ib^ indies, the whole weight and balance of the body istill 'ttfH^ timiinft td^Test upon it $ then move the right foot back th^ tomelistanee, and place itsmaitly on the grorand, '^ '"a'> c9 ^1^ Sword Sxercise, a r Double Attack — As before. • «t \ -^^ Front — Draw back the rigbt foot) and resume the position of* Attention.' U .1 i The object of the preceding Poritions and Movements, is to give a free and active use ^the limbs preparatory to using the Sword. The instructor should prove the firmness of the position, by bearing equally and firmly on the shoulders of the recruit, during the changes in formmg the * Second Po- sition' and < Balance Motions ;' and when m thu * First' of the * Second Extension Motions,' by taking hold of his right wrist with both hands, and bearing upon it in the direction of the left W, upon the line of which the riffht arm should be, if properly placed; and making him fuso, in each position, move the right toe up and down, without its motion affecting the body. In all positions where both knees are bent, the more so they are the better ; as a greater spring and elasti- city will be gained in forming quickly any other position. The body must be generally balanced, and rest upon the left leg ; by which means greater flexibUity is allowed to the right leg in movinv forward to gun distances upon an adver- sary, or, vice versa^ in retii'iiig from his reach. No precise lengtli can be assigned in moving the right leg to the front in the * Third Pottition,' as it depends upon the len^^^'h and stride of the person ; but it should not'lbe beyond what may allow of his return to the ' Fir sit' or * Second Position' with quickness, and a perfect facility to himself. When this sec- tion of the exercise is practised as a Drill for Uie limbs oiily, it should be performed with the left shoulder and foot to the front, as well as with the right. "^ .U Mai -'.lijiuioi Fronit prove Distance — Ruise the sword as before, tihen by a second motion step out to the " Third Position," and extend the arm, lowering the point of the sword towards the centre of the target, with the edge to the right. Slope Swords — As before. >M oi l''m -4^} bwi Jiimy "d* Guard — Advance the point of the sword, extending the arm towards the centre of the target ; the edge downwards, and the thumb along the back of the handle : then without pause, bendinff the body, drawing in the chest and neck, and bringing the left shoulder a little forward, step out smartly to the " Second Position," with the elbow bent and raised so us to bring the hand nearly over the right foot. The edge of the sword is to be turned upwards, with the point lower* ed, and inclined to the 'left, and the Target distinctly seen within the angle formed by the arm and sword, the hilt in* dining towards No. 1, and the point directed rather below, and to the left of No. 4. Inside Guard — Lower the wrist with the knuckles down, and over the foot ; the point to the front, the edge to the leit, and the hand as low as the elbow, which is to be nearly on a level with, and in front of, the hip ; at the same time make the "single attack." The wrist is here inclined towards No. 4 ; the point towards No. 1. ' 'Outside Guard — Turn the wrist with the nails downwards, and bring the edge to the right, repeating the *' single attack," the hand inclining to No. 3 ; the point towards No. 2. Assault — Draw up to the " First Position," and raise the right arm to the front, with the wrist opposite No. 1, and the elbow rather bent towards the centre of the circular figure ; the back of the sword near the point resting on the should^j^, with the edge inclined to the right, f^** if^^. ». ,., ^^^^^^ 38 Sword Exercise, ■ One — Extending the arm, direct the cut to the front in a diagonal line from right to left, as shown from No. 1 to No. 4 ; and as the point clears the circle, turn the knuckles up- wards, and continue the sweep of the sword, so as to bring the point to the rear of the left shoulder, upon which it rests, with the edge inclined to the left, and the wrist opposite No. 2. -i i;;iTnu;i\ t;^>i i i-S'i!*) l;> ■ .ii'tu h v;* ixuiJ': ■>•». j-.«/.>i Two—Biteet the cut diagonally from No. 2 to No. 3; and turn the wrist, so that the sword continues its motion, until the point is below the right hip, the edge downwards, the elbow bent inwards, and the wrist towards No. 2. "i';^' Three — Cut diagonally upwards from No. 3 to No. 2, and continue the motion of the wrist until the point of the sword is below the left hip, the edge downwards, the elbow bent, and raised with the wrist towards No. 1. JFow — Cut diagonally upwards from No. 4 to No. 1, and turn the knuckles downwards, with the edge of thr sword to the right, and the point to the rear over the right shoulder ; the elbow bent and wrist towards No. 6. i:,v >i^ JFive — Cut horizontally from No. 5 to No. 6^ and torn the knuckles up with tV- a edge of tlie sword to the left, and poiat to the rear over tLe left shoulder, the elbow bent, and wiist towards No. 5. bm-n mi siflrt ir'''»i»J»«M>' »t.l-HiT •vsir.nn'' * iSix — Cut horizontally from No. 6 to No. 5, and bring the hlind in the direction of No. 7 ; the sword being on the same Une over the head, with the point lowered to the rear, and the edge uppermost. "*" Seven — Cut vertically downwards from No. 7 to the cen- tre of the circle, and remain with the arm extended, placing the thumb along the back of the handle, with the left shoul- der well pressed back. First Point — Turn the edge of the sword upwards to the right, and draw in the wrist just above, and in front of the right eye ; the elbow well bent, and raised ; and the left shoulder brought a little forward. By a second motion, ex- tend the arm, and deliver the point smartly to the front in the direction of the centre of the Target, with the wrist in- clining to No. 1, and press back the left shoulder, so as to advance the right, which should be equally attended to in the "second" and "third Points" also, u ' :/ ":' ■i'^t^ (li^sT.*- • .Second Point — Turn the edge upwards to the left, and draw in the elbow close to the body, with the wrist in a line above it; as high as, and in fropt of, the breast, with the Sword Exercise. n to the front in a )m No. 1 to No. he knuckles up- 1, so as to bring >n \vhich it rests, 3 wrist opposite . 2 to No. 3, and its motion, until downwards, the No. 2. 1. 3 to No. 2, and nnt of the sword the elbow bent, . 4 to No. I, and B of thf sword to right shoulder ; o. 6,^ and torn the he left, and poiot bent, and wrist 5, and bring the etng on the same to the rear, and »f o. 7 to the cen- xtended, placing h the left shoul- l upwards to the I in front of the d ; and the left M)nd motion, ex- y to the front in ith the wrist in- loulder, so as to ttended to in the to the left, and e wrist in a line breast, ^tb the ' a^-Ji'Mtwlk thtttnS) on the night df .the handle. By a second motion de- liirer the point as before directed, the wrist inclining to Nol 2, and the edge rtused with the knuckles downwards. '"«m 4i' ( Third Point — Draw in the arm till the wrist touches the upper part «f the hip ; the thumb on the left of the handle, the edge raised to the right, the left shoulder advanced, and ^e hips well thrown bade. By a second motion, deliver the point in the direction, as marked on the Target, and raise the wrist towards the centre. Guards — This serves as a caution for the seven guards which ftUow, distinguished in the words of command by ** First," " Second," &c. JFirst— Turn the edge to the left, the thumb resuming its grasp of the handle, and draw in the elbow dose to the body ; the wrist being kept to the front, and the sword placed op- posite the diagonal line, as -shown in the Target by the hilt marked " First Guard." In this, and in all the following " Cfujards," the poiqitshc^uld be advanced rather to the front. T r ' >>; ,' '"' >. Second — Turn the wrist with the knuckles uppermost, and the edge to the right ; the sword placed opposite the diago- nal line with the hilt marked " Second Guard." Third — Turn the wrist and edge to the left nearly as high as the shoulder, with the point lowered to the right ; the sword being held towards the diagonal line from the hilt marked "Third Guard." ".'^wwrr iir; t'>vn»-^:^^ 'h|) joi" ^nn — — The ' Cuts' and * Guards' may now be combined ; and here it is more particularly intended to practise the recruit in bhowing the guard for each cut, so as to impress it on his recollection. The cuts should be g^ven from the wrist to the full extent of the arm to the front, and in the * Third Posi- tion ;' with the cut directed no ftirther than the centre of the circle, opposite to which the point should remain. Left Cheek — Step out to the *■ Third Position,' and deliver the cut ' One' towards the centre of the Target, opposite to which the point is to remiun steady, with the arm extended^ and the wrist kept well up in this, as in all following cuts. First Guard — At * First Position.' ,':l)!iight Cheek — Deliver cut * Two,' and remain 9S before. : 1. Second Guard — At * First Position.' ; tiinf vjn^i^i h-)* J'i'i i^ * u dwti »i Third Guard— At * First Position.' 'f-'niH™-A\-\\vt''\ *'"J[;«fl^— DeliiV* cut ' Four,* the point not carried above the height of the knee, &c.. , , .,„,>.., ^Fourth Guard-' At * First Position,' low down, and arm ^nded, &c. . .^^..^^,^.^^_,^^ . ,^ ^^^^ l^^-wii.^ ^niwi Lejft Side—Dehter cut * Five,* Ac. ,5„i$ jfjri *» htrAu-aa ,,, fifth Guard-^At ^ First Position.' y,{j iviM i' - <\vi.sr. 'Miii^h^ Side — Delivet cut * Six,' &c. ^\*\n irurm "^^-^n'mi Sixth Guard— At « First Position.* '>i> ^^^''^ ''h'rAu.tn i'ffead—DeUyer cut « Seven,' &c. • -f'-H- M«vs^. ^^venth Guard-At * First Position.* ""^ '"^^ '' ^ ^'^'] irat Point — As before, but the second motion iriven in thm' ^hird Position. Left Par»;y— Spring up to * First Position,' and pnrry, §tcoud_PoifU — Ab b^ore, in 'Third Fontixm^ ,-i'-iUiimU u ti 11 Sword Exercise, m )ft, with 2. By t forms Hig^ Parry — As befoee, in * First Position.* au^w A Third Point^Aa before, in * Third Position.' " '' ■ Right and Left Parry — Form both ' Parries' on drawing up to the ^ First Position.' ' Guard^As before, in ' Second Position.' '^ ^"^""'^ '>■■■■ . Slope Swords—As usual, drawing up to the * First JPowi- **V^*f»f* Stand at Ease — Bring the hands together, the left support- ing the right ; the back of the sword resting on the inside' of (^ left arm, the right instep drawn close to the left heel, and Ike left knee slightly bent. /i''^'»:ut'j lit- .^'fto . ■ rfUu-^ nAi !^'ir'i4 'U^i*?ff^>" ' The recruit, in order to carry the edge well in making the * Assault,' should be practised in combining the cuts * One' and * Four,' repeating them several times : also * Two' and ' Three,' and * Five' and * Six ;' taking care that the edge leads on the respective lines in the Target, the writt being darted towards the centre in each cut. J fH>s*<)>«i • ':. ■ :.,:-. .■..,:■■'. .. :i'H^<\ '.<: ; a^i^d f»-M»;. .■..^■:vf V-:-, Section III.'^ ""''■' •"■■ '-^ ''^ ^"'-i PREPARATORY INSTRUCTION FOR 1 'r , MOUNTED PRACTICE. 1* ih'' tJi , , . Cuts, Guards, Points, and Parries. '^"^ ? ^ Hie preceding Drill being complete, such porlidns of the above directions are to be applied, as may be calculated for the exercise on horseback, with the requisite variations, as subsequently mentioned. For this purpose, squads not ex- ceeding twelve men each, should be formed at extended or- der, in two ranks, proving distance, which should be carftfiilly ascertained at the commencement, and strictly preserved. In the practice on foot, when acting on the right side^ which should be drawn in, the weight of the body is to bear chieAy on the left leg, with the knees bent, so as to be able to make the double or single attack with the foot ; and the reverse, when acting on the left side. • Attention — The usual position of " Attention," is varied by placing the heels about six iuchefir agunder ; the left hssd lightly closed a little below the pit of the stomach ; being ^^,/^,., Guard — Advance the sword smartly to the " Outside Gu^rd," with the arm nearly extended and flexible; the liand in the direction of the horse's off ear : with scarcely any pause, the " Guard" is continued by moving the sword-arm -tfradvaUy to the rig^t, keeping the hand nearly as high as the breastt until as much to the rear as the body will admit, by ■turning well upon the hips ; then, by a quicw: motion, raise the arm, and turn the wrist, so as to form the position oi ** Guard," with the point and edge of the sword to the left r^ar, the head changing round at the same moment, with the .left shoulder presseil back, and lowered as much as possiUo, (tb(>ugh not to discompose the bridle-hand ; and continue the ;^<< Gua^d" along the left to the front, which gradually brifigs \j^^ body to its original position : the sword cofitinues its motion by passing over, and in front of the horse's head, with the point kept down, and the edge upwards ; the arm ex- tended, and the wrist in line with the right eye, so that the point of the sword is caiiied well to the front, when, by a smalt motion, the wrist resumes the " Outside Guard,' as befove. Assault — Raise . the hand as high as, and in front of, die face, with the wrist turned, and sword placed ready for the *' Seven Cuts," which are to be delivered accordmg to the Instructions already g^ven, p. 38, but with the left shoulder k«{rti nearly square to the front, which rule most be adhered to in aU the movements of the exercise when performed to the front ; and, in practising this and the following Section, .(a$ the whole should be first shewn on foot,) the Reoniit should make all the offensive and defensive movements the s^me as if mpunted, and in such manner as would not touoh If4 horse, or interfere with his bridle-hand. xkvFirsjt Point — As before, the body being now kept square, irJiJieeond Point — As before. ' : ""•? j'' ■' >* >f iWi 'nb |7<> Third Point — As before. Guards — Turn the wrist to the " First Guard" with the arm flexible, the hand as high as, and in front of, ^e ^e : :the same to be done in the * Sewnd," - Thvd,' and * Fonrth' Oiwrdst-^In the '* FifUi," incline the hand to the near side, add in the " Sixth," to the ofl'side of the horse's head, and in the *^ Seventh" the hand is well raised in the line of the r^^ht tM ^"fSi^itrr _-}o*!*ry ''■ Sword JExercise. 4a in, and 'thesto- Outside ble; the cely any ord-anti rh ag the dmit, by »n> raise sition of the left n'iththe MMsiblQ, nue the r brifigs lUes il» )d, with irm ex- chat the m, by a ard,''as of, tlie for the : to the loulder dhered DedtQ lecruit its the tQiiioh )uare, h the >»r$h' tide, ndin shoulder, and riNther in front of the head, with the point to the lefu In the first " Six Guards,*' the upper part of the body should be inclined to the front; and in the ** Seventli" it should be erect, and, when mounted, sitting firmly down in the saddle. ,.,.. ^,jj, . ^j,,j ,,.|j , ...j. -.^^^^ » i^^^ y.r, JLeA Parry — Extend the arm to the left, and as high all the shoulder, in the direction of the near sid6 of the horse<8 head ; the sword being perpendicular to the hand« with the back inclining to the left front. By a second motion Iprm a virole with tlie point, from the rear to the front, retumitig to the same position as before. > />:: '^. Right Parry — Draw in the arm slightly, and th^neictend it in the direction of the ofi^ fflde of the horse*« head, as high as the shoulder ; the sword perpendicular, and the edge in- clining to tHe rear. By a second motion drop the point to the rear, and ooniuiue the motion to the %)nt, until it haa formed the circle, and regained its perpendicular positicm. ■. Slope Swords — As usual. It is frequently requisite to parry to the front, or rear, of the near side, and also of the off side, of the horse ; and as the drcle is formed with the sword from right to left, or from left to right, of whatever point may be attacked, the motion of the wrist in the " left parry" forms a parry to the front on the left or near side ; and becomes the rear parry, when executed to the right. By the same rule, the " ri^ht p^rry'* is a parry to the front on the right, or offside, and is the rew parry when performed to the left. In order to combine the " Cuts" and ** Points," as to their application in the attack against Cavalry or Infantry, the tw6 following Divisions will bring the Drill into the practice of such combinations — the " First Division" being against Cavalry ; the *< Second" against Infantry. !fr. >.':iO nrt,t Engage — As before. !.,_., i, [. [,^."-^.. ,,]..,. :.,u m-^ First Point — By quickly raising the right elbow as. high as the head, the hand is broui^t in the position of giving point, as before directed ; and delivered to the front. Cuts Oney Two, and Right Poiw*--The two "Cuts" are given to the front, and the arm is carried to the right, the •word uGuMnuisg its sweep round the head, so that the hapd MHues up to *' Point," which is tha^ delivered to the righW,' . CuU Five, Six, and £^t Point— -The two "Cuts** «b given to the right PS high as the ne^ ti%Cutg, Five and Six — Turn the head to the left;, and deUver the cut * Five' in that direction, and without any materiid paut^ turn the head back to the right, and deliver the cut * Six' in the saque direction, and return to the * Engage,' by the sword continuing its motion round the head. Slope Swords — As usual. .u^n^c: ^ i.-.-r-mys.^'^ ** irifti' i'*;.'U)d vJi! SECOND DIVISION.!* jvi] ^JEngaae^As before. ^ ■ f * P :*' . Right Parry, Cut Two, Point, and Cut Three — Presmng back the right shoulder, extend the arm to the rear, on the same line with the shoulder ; the sword kept perpendicular ; t^e back of it rather inclining to the rear. Aiiter a slight pause, parry to the front, continuing the motion until the back <^ die blade is brought to the left shoulder, the point lowered to the rear, with the hand as high as the head, and immedi- ately cut ' Two,' raising the wrist just above the right eye, ready to give * Point' downwards to the right, shifting the thumb along the back of the handle. After a pause, deliver the point and raise the arm, then extend it to the rear, with the edge to the rear also: and after another pause, cut • Three,' allowing the wrist to rise to the * Seventh Guard,' with the arm extended, the head and eyes still kept to the right. Left Parry, Cuts One, Pcrur, and Point — Lower the wrist into the hollow of the left shoulder, with the back of the blade tothe rear, and right shoulder advanced ; after a fe?ight pause patry to the front, raising the sword, with an extended arm^ aboive the head ; the point lowered to the rear, ready to cut * jOmo :' after a pause deliver the cuts, * One' and < Four,' and prepariB to give * Point' downwards to the \sk(, : after uiother P9II99, deliver. th« point. «: ^ «ft «*!«* *t ifefi ■^^tmi^e^ * Six' to yht up to .ilk- » * Five' ^fining to ' * Four :' cbe head, li ia then i rear, in ; and a« rds, with MU*. i deliver material r the cut :age,' by dressing > on the dicular ; a slight he back lowered mmedi- pht eye, ting Uie deliver ir, with se, cut Guard,' to the '■ *:^ ' ;v f ■ leWrigi e blade t pause d army to Out ir,' and Mother Cui8 Three and Four'— Curry the sword nvct&fdy over the head to the right rear, and^ g^ve the cut ' Three' as before direded ; after which, place the wrist in the hollow of ^ left shoulder, and deliver the citt *Fbar,' retofiun^ to the *Eligaffe.* • ||- .• , ■. 'Y'-'aVV W- ) W^ ^xJSl<9ie Swords^As usual/' *^^ /^^.^^^J^^S^ , , The men being complete in these divisions 1>y worqi of cjc^mand, are to do them by fliigelmen 3 for which purpose, biie U to be placed in front of each flank, so that the time of each motion may be taken from *faem, according as Ri^hi; or Left is attached to the following ^ords of eommand. >mi<£€>.) -<^In some cases it is noted both Right and Left, asthe mo- tions comprised in the word of command are taken from the dngelman in the direction of the eye at the previous move- ment. And in this manner the Sword Exercise wiU be done at Reviews, Inspections, &;c. ■ '^'' .'^4i>rnitr'-^i. ImH^^mm'^^ Hight prove Distance, ,'}t\m\ mli Slope Swords.^ rr^ -itii ^ ':. ; '■' ■ '>>sjTiii'> iA' ti '♦•jnaT ^ i Front prove Disfdnce. ' ^'■"'" ■'■ '''' ■'■' **'' '■ "'' ^^'^'*'^ ^^'^ ^:Slqpe Swords, ' r ' -? ' ' .^ ^■^^]'^y-^'^f:^^^f^ ■'.dT m-. tm^,- rU Perform Sword Exercise, •; -^^axi^iriwi H mrdsof Command. '', I ' T *" •«'•»"• *»^ Flugelmen. Jbn^age , jn. ^; > -^^ v , ., . ,». ••-... • • • Right. Guard , , . . ' . b . . . . . ' Right and Left. Assault .' Right. First Point ^ Right. Second Point • '• ^ Right. 'Third Point . _^n ,^ • , |. Right. Guards . .^ . . ..... . . . Right and Left* Left Parry Left. night Parry ......... viJ^i R****- Slope Swords ,, ^ . ,. » •/».•? *? j„.?j ^^ Right. •sMi^ft ol »;"?^^*' Division, (Against Cavalry. J " '^^^ Engage » •; '•;; *. ,w.^>»!}i* i'» .''». '4.;. .*.>. ''^t.-.* ' »>r ' Right* First Point ■^■.* .■. uw .■•..• \ '4- *■ ..i tfihl ')i Right. Cuts Oney Two, at^ Right Point . » ;;Hj.>v4 v Right. f^S7« iTtvfr, oiar, oivu J^^ jrvrnt • . . xi.igui> aiuijueic. £luts Five, Sioh Hear Cut, and Point . Left and Right. €hsts Five aind Six . • ■ .; . •:' •< «. L6ft and R^ht. SiMj? .^r> Right Right Right and Left .!i,(!>UtJ''-» . I». ■:,iV t?-r^ Right and Left. * • Right Engagt Right Parru, Cut TwOy Point, \ -ftWH' aftd Cut Three ... Left Parry, Cuts One, Four, and Point . . . Cuts Three and Four Slope Swords The foregoing divisions are intended principally to give a confidence m delivering the * Cuts' and < Thrusts,' to their fiill extent and yet recover the sword, without losing the halance. The Instructors should also occasionally make the drill repeat either single or combined movements of each Diviuon, having them ready to form at the moment both correctly and powerfully, such * Cuts' or < Thrusts' as mav be required ; and with flugelmen, or by numbers, to mark the time. There is no practice which gives the swordsman such con- trol of liis weapon, as to repeat separately each cut always directing the cuts ' One,' * Two,' * Three,' and * Four,' against Infantry ; * Five,' 'Six,' and ' Seven' against Cavalry ; also to give the ' Point' after each ' Cut' on the same side ; and by reversing it, to give the cut on one, and the point on the other side. In combining c^ts, commence with the * Assault' in the directions above stated ; then beg^n with any * Cut' "firom * One' to * Seven,' yet not repeating it the * Cut One* always following in the regular order, that the seven direc- tions of the edge may be each time performed : adding the three * Points ;' the < First' being to the left front ; the "* Second' to the right front ; the ' 'Third* direct to the front 'In these instances the caution should be j^ven for what is to be performed, and the word < Prepare ;' so that the Drill may place themselves ready for 'the required movements ; the Bugelman making sufficient pause between each cut, to ena- ble -every man to gather up his strength, and give their re** epective movements with effect. Nor is it less requisite to practise the recniit in forming quickly his * Engaging Guard' to any point required, so as U> enable him to meet at once the attack of an opponent .Thk may be affected by dividing the guard into seven yari- Ationg. «nd which can be easily imderstood by supposing the .Targiet placed horizontally on the ground, and the Recruit joter the central point fronting to No. 7, which will be th# direction of the ' Front Guard,' and, continuing it r6uii4 to i Sword Exercise* 47 , t ■■.iMMtV Right Right; f the r Tht> the diaffoma liii« at No. 1 fbrms the ' Right Front T No. 6, the « Riffht ;' No. 3, the * Right Rear ;' No: 4, the * Left Rear ;' No. 6, the < Left ;' m. ^, the < Left Front Guard ;' the sword being carried in the direction of these linej ; and either of the above variations being made immedi* ately firom the * Slope' on tne word being given which Guard iJB to be foraged, and then changing quickly from one to another ; for which the change from < Guards' on the same line bring! the Recruit more readily into this practice, viz. : 'Right Front Guard— Left Rear;' < Left Front— Right Rear, — Left — Right ;' < Front Guard.' From these positions the point should also be gplven sharply, drawmg back the hand immediately to the * Guard,' from which it was de- livered. The * Points' (singly) should also be practised from the * Engage' in the same directions as the variations of the Guards, giving to the < Right' all the ' Second Points ;' and the * First Points' to the * Left' and ' Front.* , iU!'Mi| '^ ' '^/"'' It ia merely Drill Practise maldnr the 'Aieavllt by Numherg, and although each < Cut* has its * Guard' accord- inir to the numher, which answers for both, yet it does not follow that the File on the defensive is always to have re« course to it, as he may frequently be enabled to ecure him- self more effectively, and quicker, by forminflr anot ler Onard. If, for example, he makes the cut < Six' at me body, and his opponent, after defending by the < Sixth Ouard,' returns the cut * One' at the breast, then the * Fifth Guard' becomes the qidckest movement of defence ; but if the opponent has ' de- nuded by the < Second Guard' previous to his return of the cut * One,' then the < First Guard' is the soonest formed ; consequently, the * First' and * Fifth Guards' each defend the cuts * One' or * Five.' The ' Second' and * Sixth Guards' each defend the cuts ' Two' or * Six,' according as they may be given high or low : and if the ' Third' or ' Fourth Guards' are required for the defence of the leg, the arm must be extended, so that the forte of the blade may receive the foible of the opponent's weapon ; bearing well in mind, however, that in all cuts at the leg, when at the proper dis- tance, the siiifting of your own leg, and delivering a cut at the same moment, becomes the most effective and advanta- geous defence ; and which is still more so to a tall man (even in every part of the body) when eng^ed with another of lesser stature, or length of arm, as he mil be out of his opponent's reach, whilst the latter may be within his. The power of defence does not, in fact, consist so much in ybur own strength of position, as in efPecting a decided quick movement in that direction, in which your cH>ponent has the least power of resistance, especially in defending agunst the * Point,' when the * First,* * Third/ and * Fiflh Guairds,' are the most efieclive i^ainst the < Firsts and *■ Third Poiiit ;' and the * Second,' * Fourth,' and * Sixth Guards* against the * Second Point ;' proyided the wrist is previoudy so placed, tint the requisite Guards may be quicldy executed, llie two * Parries' must also be regulated by. the position of the Opponent's wrist, so. that the bearine of your BWord nay tend io o^en his hand, and, if well juu^ed aud wneiy given{ will ifiiBu-in him, or so cripple \6» wrist, as to precliu!b ey^ii the capability of forming a defensive guard, or contiiiito^ tlM attack.- °^^- ' --.J..:. ; ,.. ....u._: .:^ T Sword ExerMse. 4d If opposed to the small sword, have recourse to the cuts * Three' and * Four,' directing them at the arm, hy which means there is every probability of the cuts taking effect, as it must always in tnrusting come within range of the edge, before the point can be sufficiently advanced to reach the body. If the above cuts are quickly given and continued, they will also be found advantageous in advancing against tfie small sword, as they form an attack and defence at the same instant ; but should the opponent be the most skilful and quickest, then it is best to retire while forming them, cautiously preserving the proper distance, so that each cut may just reach the fore part of his arm. The * Second Point,' if delivered as a first movement, should be g^ven with great caution, the wrist being then so liable to the disarm. It should he resorted to chiefly in the return, or after a feint from the outside or inside unards ; if from the former, feint < Third Point' under, and deliver * Second Point' over the arm ; if from the latter, feint cut * Two,' and continue the sweep of the sword, until the point is sufficiently lowe^'ed to deliver without pause the < Second Point' at the body under the arm. When mounted, the * Second Point' may be ^ven to the light with effect, if the , parties engaged are passmg each other. '^' ''' ^-^^^ u: Thus far the observations are more particularly applicable to the First Part of the Instructions, or when previously practising on foot, though they may generally answer for the exercise also when mounted : and here the greatest attention should be paid to maintain the proper position and balance of the body, from which, by too great an exertion in deliver- ing a < Cut' or * Thrust,' the horseman may suddenly be thrown, and thereby lose the advantage of his science in the use of his sword, by the natural efforts which he must make to r^aiu his seat ; nor should he fail to have every confi- dence and dependance upon his ' Guard,' without trusting to his avoiding the attack o^P an opponent by turning or drawing back the body to escape from it. In delivering a * Thrust' very little force is necessary, when the horse is in quick motion, as the ' extension of the arm, with a good direction of the point, will be fully suffi- cient ; nor should a Cut, under the same circumstances, be given too strong, as in both cases the impetus of the horse will give the effective force ; or, in the latter, the drawing of the edge can very frequently be applied with advantage, particularly where the point may not have taken effect, when, by a quick turn of the wrist, the edge is drawn along the fii«e of your opponent, or any other part which more imme* [^ ffO Sword Exerois§^ dialely comes in contact with it. A similar advantage may be gained after forming a ' Guard,' particularly from the * Second/ with the point of the sword kept well forward. The forcing also of the edge can be resorted to, when very near and closely pressed upon by an adversary, by suddenly extending the arm, and directing the edge across the face, or where the opening is shown : in this case, however, the hand should not be carried, more than absolutely requisite, either to the ' Right' or * Left.' so as not by too wide a movement to offer an eqtial chance to your opponent. ^ >«>.i*mni it»?it !}. Where sufficient space of ground allows of choodng the point of attack, you should endeavour to turn this to your own advantage ; if not, at all events to avoid its being n *>de on your Left Rear, when change of position can alone bring you upon the least equality' with your opponent ; eiUier by making a sudden halt, so as to allow him to pass, and then (pressing upon his Left; Rear ; or by turning quickly to the eft about, and thereby having your Right also opposed to his. Should you be prevent^ from doing this, and he still keep upon your Left, you must bear up as close as possible to him, otherwise your opposition will be ineffectual ; for hi hb situation, by keeping at the proper distance from you, hia cut will reach, when yours cannot, and, consequently, you are reduced to the defence alone. In meeting an opponent on the Lef^ Front, turn sharply to the left on your own ground, which brings you immediately with your sword-arm free, and at liberty to act upon his Left ; and in meeting him upon the Right Front, press your horse quickly on, and by a sharp turn to the right, gain his Left Rear ; or, if pursuecU endeavour to keep your adversary on the Right Rear ; when the distance will be always in vour favour, and you may, by the Rear Cut and Point, keep checking his advance with impunity. When attacked by more than one, you will na*- turally endeavour to keep them either to the Right or Left( but where they have been enabled to place themselves on both sides, press close upon the left oppunent, and keep the right one at a distance, y'j'j > t^ n r * /. ^intii^r/ih*h in ,j,,- Although a regular mode is laid down ^r drawing the JWord, yet occasional practice should be given, bolii on Foot and on Horseback, to <*(»me to the ' Guard' immediately, and at any required point, without going through the Parade Motions, &c., which will prepare the Swondsman for any sudden attad^ of an Enemy. The defence, or attadc against the Lance, must depend greMly upon the Rider ; for, admitting that the Lancer in equally well mounted, and skilful in the num&gement of his Sword JExereitt. 51 ge may om the brward. en very ■ddenly facet or ;he hand 9, either tveiuent dug the to your ig n^de ne bring ither by indthen y to the KMed to he stiU possible 'f for m you| his tly, you . opponent )ur own ord-arm ting him I, and by puriuedi r; when may, by Qce wiw will na** or Left ( lelves on keep the wing the I on Foot ttely, and i Parade I for any t depend jancer m «t of his hcrse, he will always endeavour to keep at such a dtstanee ar. to be out of your reach, whilit he can easily make good his tbrui^ from the greater length of the lance to that of a sword } and he will very frequently succeed in directing his point at your hoirae also, which, becoming unruly from the pain of a wound, will leave you exposed to the attack of yomr opponent. You must, therefore, invariably endeavour to gain his Right Rear, where he in \em able to attack or de- fend, as hii* position, from its being so contracted, becomes weak ; whereas if (as against the sabre) the attack is made on hid Left Rear, he has the advantage of resting his lance upon the bridle-arm, and can lengthen or shorten his thrust with feciltty and quickness. In all cases, your horse should have been well accustomed to the waving of the lance, without which, no skill of yours, either in the science of the sword, or in that of riding, can be of much service to you. •1 When opposed to infantry, endeavour to meet an oppo- nent on your Right ; as every Guard parries the point of a sword, so will each defend the point of a bayonet ; taking care that the ' forte' of your own weapon meets the < foiUe' of your opponent's : consequently it is the bayonet whidh must be struck ; and supposing the attadc to be directed m usual, with the opponent's left shoulder advanced, those * Guards' and ' Parries' whi« ' rorce the point of the bay- onet to the front, are, in eil^&ct, the most powerful ; not from the strength of your mode of defence, but because the bear- ing acts in such a manner against your opponent, as to render him less capable of residing, or recovering the command of his weapon, in time to defend himself, or renew the attack. It gives you the op)>ortuuity of returning a Cut or Thrust : whereas, if you parry to the rear, that advantage is lost, un- less you halt, which of course affords time to your opponent to take equal advantage of it also. In fact, very little exer- tion is sufficient to ei)ect a strong parry if it is made in the direction in which your hoi'se is moving, and, from th<^ same cause, all ' Rear Parries' are weak ; and as it is of little use to engine merely for the purpose of defence, you lose the chance of returning a Cut, if you advance sufficiently for the parries to the rear. In defending on your Leftj a parry to the rear will, for the reasons before stated, disorder your op- ponent's position, more than parrying to the front ; and every returning Cut or Thrust must be instsntaneoiw ; as, though for the moment you may be able to oppose the bay- onet, yet from your opponent having the advantage of bout hands in the management of it» he may, if confident^ guard I if.' AS Sword Exercise, rfttftcaently to enable him to fix his point. In advancing^ iagauist Infantry, the * Right Guard/ with the hand Urii, ieadi well to the attack, and is ready for defence, or to tuke isdywitage of any opening ; and shomd your opponent appear Irresolute, or draw back his weapon, then, while passing, ^e eut * Five' may be jriven to advantage at the neck. The •cuts * Two' and < Three' on ' the Right ; and * One' and > Four' on the Left, form a defence, as well as an attadk 4ipon Infantry ; and the smarter the beat is g^ven, the more eneotual they will be as < Guards' and * Parries,' so as to cripple your oppiment's position. The point should be used :chiefly in the pursuit, and is given with most advantage on your Right, as from thence you can reach farther, and are /better prepared for defence. The Instructors should endeavour, -as much as possible, in ^^eir progressive directions to the Recruit, to impress upon his mmd such occasional observations, as become most q>pli- cable. Opportunities of thus explaining may often be taken ^during the pauses of rest, as no squad should be kept too long either in the positions or movements ; and where any Hecruits are more deficient than the rest, the whole should ibe made to cease for the moment, and only those who have .gone wrong be required to correct their error. ..r;^, i>w ^^4^^ Section V»l,49m,,imi=iiA&iU..%tiMitio FOR AN ON FOOT: 'jiU INSPECTION '\ /•', i. "f;r-( *» FORMATION '\ii I'. ►.•■;'.)■ f. ■>!» ; \ ;« ■•. *^ *The regiment being told off by wings and by threes firom the centre ; and the officers having previously taken post as at < Order ;' the distance of files for the practice of the Sword Exercise will be taken in the following manner. ^J'^ ; Rear Rank take distance for Sword Exercise — The righi hand men of wings, and left man of the regiment, in the rear rank, will retire eleven paces, covering to the right. Quicky March — The rear rank falls back, and dresses by pivots. The flugelmen at the same time take their stations ^to the front. ,^^i ^^^^^^ u« tiUimv.Ji'i!' at . .%mn .^^ .m'^'>x'-w\ From the centre open your Files — Quick March — The in/m cf the right wing open cut by the side step, extend the left «rm, and place the clenched hand on the shoulder of the man on their left;, so as to touch the collar. The left wing 4 '^»en out, extending the right arm in the same manner.. The li^rear raidc do the same. Great attention must be paid that land hiA, or to tdce Bot appear assiiig/the }ck. The One' and an attadk , the more / so as to Id be used 'antage on ', and are MMsible, in •ress upon no8t wpli- n betaken e kept too rhere any ole should who have ION "'^ f *«'»! rctedfrotfi Bn post as he Sword . •- t . T The right at, m the right. hresses by ir stations rch — The JWMJUU UIO ier of the left wing mer. The paid that ^yy'.\'*-"^-"?''iiit:.|^j^j« 1' -~k-\'\iii'. t,^>«v?9^ ^b^^% ;-M ^^^'*'* ■ Section VII.';' ,M^^^'^' :t REVIEW EXERCISE. Hj,: tffi'K bitii^itt .>.]'■ At a Review, the Sword Exercise is to be performed by flugelmen, and the Commanding Officer, after forming the regiment as above prescribed, is to give the following words of command. Right prove Distance — Slope Swords. '■ "''^- f-it '^^^>*i*»4v , , Front prove Distance — Slope Swords. " '^\M)l ym^" Perform Sword Exercise, ^ First Division. Second Division. . f * ' He will then form the regiment as above pointed out. Under the word * Perform Sword Exercise,* the cuts, {^ards, points, and parries are shown ; in the * First Divi- &^ion' the attacks against Cavalry ; and in the * Secojnd LHyisiou' those agunst Infantry. < > ^ *^^ ' ^>* t i. 57.;?iu i SALUTE MOUNTED. .., . . >.(T-— ^^^M- «^Jl.'>*fl" > ^-•-' Section VIII. -" g»^1o y m OFFICERS' SALUTE, &c. B«iig at the position of * Carry Swords,* raise the hand by a circular motion to the * Recover Swords,' with the thumb extended on the side of the handle ; then, without any pause, incline the hand to the right shoulder, and gradually lower the wrist to the right of the thigh, below the hip, with t^e elbow in, and sword lowered until on a line with the knee, the point in the same direction as the foot, and the edge still kept to the left ■*''* r Vr-'TTrV!' ■=!!*, ,r?¥*^.>y- ?f Sword JSxercise, S6 ,.-i.> Recpver Swords,' and smartly return to * Caryy JSwordsi* ^The Cuoct of the salute depends upon the manner 1194 address with which it is given, and also upon properly mnikr ing die time when to move quick or slow, so that the move;- ment may be uqiform, and have the requisite grace which should always be attached to it., i ii^ ,^,i, .i,i .i i^;,t rii>i;ui ..a *irf' ■ ■"■ ♦-•■■'•■ * ■• '^ SALUTE ON FOOT..-," f,-.-.*-.4'M'H \'bjy.*|li. "^ The Officers fall in with their Swords at the * Slope.' .,^^j^ Advance Arms — On this word bring the Sword to tKe * Carry.' Rear Rank take Order — At the* word Order, bring tSfe Sword to the < Recover,' the thumb as high as the Chin, and close in front of it, the blade perpendicular, the edge to the left, and the thumb pressed against the back of the hilt. ^^ March — 'H: ^ ^brward three paces, and on completing the last, let th > ord (by Signal) be brought to the ' Port,' the blade diagonally across the body with the edge down- wards ; the left elbow bent so that the hand is as high as the shoulder, the fingers lightly closed, with the Blade pas- sing between the fore-finger and thumb. Elbows close to the sides. Present Arms — Bring the Sword up to the * Recover' at the second motion of the Carbine, and drop it at the third motion, extending it to the right, parallel with the right foot, elbow close to the side ; and at the same time raise the left arm as high as the shoulder, the hand being brought round, by a curcuJar motion, over the Peak of the Cap or Helmet, the knuckles uppermost, and the fingers extended. Advance Arms — Bring up the Sword to the ' Recover' at the first motion of the Carbine, the left arm at the same time resuming its position. At the second motion of the Carbine resume the position of * Port Swords.' Rear Rank take close Order — Face to the right, and, as the right foot is drawn to the rear, bring up the Sword to the * Recover.* March — Move back into the original Line, and front, at the same time bringing the Sword down to the * Carry.' TO SALUTE ON THE MARCH. The Salute on the March is to commence when at ten paces from the General) the Officer on the right of the Troop E 2 % .. &e Sword Exercut* riviiig a Signal to prepare the other Ollioen by nusing the of the left hand. The Sword is blrouffht to the < Re- inTing fingera eiitei^ by slowly extending the Arm to the nafa^ and a cur- -eolilF motion of the hand to the left ; and, wit£»at pause, tiie SwtuMl is gpraduallv lowered with an extenddd arm to ^e right : tiie time iH;«nipied by these motions is four paces, conmiencing with the left foot. The left hand is then gra- dnally raised over the Peak of the Cap, or Helmet, as already directed, two paces being requu*ed also for this motion. The. Head is turned to tiie General while match- ing past him. Having passed the General six paces, the Sword is brought to the * Becovw,' and again to tihie ' Cnrry' in four paces, the Officer on the right of the Troop giving the Sigi^ Wiethe l#b»nd^ A-i ■if^^.- ■ ■% ^ ^ ;ts*ffKi> <»mfe uj*:'- '^f^Jiv^w ;?*-'-^H>' mIriSJ!. M**»»:> J/«*«i«* W&% tmnuM hsmiM ft/ll lA ' .1.' *!»!'*•;'«**.( flsii ^^5.*ia«»-i«'/i^ '•mili «?B:'>hif0:;^?f!>i^ ntii «ti' ;«'if'■• jf ,iti,f - t'i «■■ •jf»'Mn:f! HM V. 'aisioi^the the < Re- atid a cir- pame, the iki to tile nr paced, then gra- elmet) as for this le mavch- mces, the * Carry' op giving • ''V ■mlt, <'--jk ftdt auhlm'. If ■ r-i^ 1 »»■*.' Cfi J* - CHAPTER V. 1 ifikM:h^-ikUi. ■ -fc>rt LANCE EXERCISE. ;^^^:!: " i'' ■*' . ■ 1.-- *. it •« ig(.i ••■f "T'^.'^s' ,'^i^iii:*>»h, 'i>:iiiH »? ; L^li»v1v^ .i«."«?5liE» l|-tv'=! .';>.>,.. ,..- ! •,:.^v«^i.^u..'-i . v^'"-'v>^ Section I. ■"rv>?-f.>«^i'j»ir-l*Hw.^:» . INSTRUCTION WITH THE LANCE ON FOOT. In the following Instructions, the several motions are ex- plained in terms applicable to the mounted practice ; but the whole of the exercise is to be taught on foot, before the recruit attempts to perform it on horseback*. In the rankn, dismounted, the lancer is to have his lance near the right foot, resting it on the right shoulder, the right hand in front upon it. Shoulder Lance — The right thumb is to slide quiokl}' m rear of the lance, which is to be lifted about half a foot from the ground, sloping a little backwards over the right shoulder.' Carry Lance — The lance is to rest near the man's foot, the right hand in line with the shoulder, ■ , ^';p^U-, ., . .■,- - . ■ ._^ , . ' ,^t^h'm*}mdii (^'4'''F,>% Is done as usual, with the only exception that the lance must fall back against the right shoulder, the right hand upon it, in the same position as when the men sit at ease. '^> -^fy ■^\': Section II. iiU& MOUNTING WITH THE LANCE. w 'uAtit^'':- The horse being placed straight, the soldier holds with his right hand the reins of the bridoon near the bit, the lance aft the * Carry' in the left hand. ,^.<>,, vvt>j.«. ^^.%i^4^ Prepare U> Mount — As directed in tne system of equltk^ tion : but the lance is to be at the balance, grasped with the left hand^ \>f»ii. * The Formation for Exercise on Foot b the same as for that «€ llt» Sword, only that about six inches more room must be taken, by each man touching his neighbour's collar with the tip of his fingtirs, the band beliag opea, instead of clenched. . , . £ 3 ^^nt A TT ..' -^'■< ^P"; ■m^S^.lr^ 56 Lanee JSxereue, i IWo— The man is to take the reins, and a firm part of the mane round the thumb, holding the point ^f the lance well up, to prevent it from touching the men or horses near it in the ranks. Ti rfi ^- Three — As usual. ;. , ,J.^..' :'^,: Mount — As usual. •; rj y .• r-, r'^ -jt ,/^ r Two — ^The right hand is \o slide down under the bridle hand, the full extent of the arm, and to seize the lance. T%ree — The right hand is to bring up the lance to the ' Carry,' as described in the third motion of * Carry Lance,' when the lance is slung on the left arm. *' Prepare to Dismount — The lance is to be raised out of the bucket, by the right hand sliding down to the extent of the arm. Two — It is brought i|{),. aa dire<;ted in the VSliftgiii^' of the 'Lance.'' ' :<^ • " -'l ""' t^'.l,'" .;"'- .'/^.'..^. '. .*.,\.. ....:' tr.I..,.,^ T%ree- — ^The lance is to be brought in this motion; under Ibe bridle hand, and seized by it at its balance ; the point kept well upwards, securing the lance, reins, and mane in ^be left hand* Diimouni — As usual ; but the lance should never touch tlM ground, until the man has quitted the left stirrup when he is also to quit the mane, and to^ bring the lance to the * Carry' on the left side. The dismounting on the *off' side may be often useful, and sometimes even necessary; it ought, therefore, to be frequiently practi^d in the Riding-School, in order to increase the activity of the men, and the steadiness of the horses. It is easily done, by reversing the motions of dismounting aftep the man has well secured the lance, reins, and mane in the right hand ; the left hand is to grasp the sword, and lay it across the front of the saddle, the point to the right : — The man is to dismount to the off side, with the l^ce at the * Carry' in the right hand. Mounting on the ' off*' side is performed oy reversing the motions of mounting, on the near side : %Y e lanCer must be attentive that he does not entangle himself with his sword, which is to be brought over in rear of the man^ when kd is bilging down his left leg into, the saddle. It is particularly necessary that the Instructor should. cattri tion the men against giving way to the weight of the lance when mounted ; !t will be found that the men wiH be apt ta lean toward$ the lance, ivhic^ would have mdiny b«[d conse- quences, particularly on long marches ;ji|,^||i«r«lf;HEe»^ywy JUmee Exiftiie, 9^ jrequMite firequently to meaaure tlie mes's rtirrnpi) and to l«t tlian ride often with the kace eilung on the left anm ^ The knee is in aU movements to be aA the * Gariy or thf ' Trail/ except on the march, when it is. te be slung oof tbc vigtit or left arm ; or when the meft sit ai ease^ then tiM lanee is to rest in the hollow, on the right shoulder, the r^j^ hand upon it, extended down on the shaft. Carry Lance — The lance is to rest with the butt-end in tht bucket on the right stirrup ; and 'o be kept perpendicular, by the right hand, which is to be in line with the shoulder, the thumb in the sling. / The lance is < trailed' by being carried in the right hand at the balance, the hand resting at the hollow of Uie thigln and the point of the lance diagonally across the horse's neck. :^i\ *fo^s.ni''' Section III. {"-''* EXERCISE ON HORSEBACK. Prepare to perform die Lance Exercise. r? Ji;t iis-^l ;>'<» ftJpK^ This is to be done in the usual mode of preparing to per- form the Sword Exercise. Jh^e Distances — Is done from the front guards. ,. ; 1 First Division. "^ i! i<,''/im4.v4^^^ Division. (Against Cavalry.) ;;i^ om^ 1. Guard- — From the * Carry,' raise the lance out of (he bucket, with the right hand, and bring it sharply and se* curely under the right arm, so that the Tance may rest hori- zontdly, the point to the front, its centre balanced in the right hand, which grasps it. The thumb should lie outwardii along the shaft of the lance ; the arm is at all tinses to be kept close on the lance, which should rest under the arm, pressed against the body, without force or atiffiMSS. 8. Front Parry and Point. . il.t,,.^^j i^.^^,^4 ( .^ Two — From the front guard, the lance is to be moved riMHTt and quick to the left and right, about eighteen inches either way, over the horse's ears, so as to parry off any point or eui, and i^turn to the Guard.; the butt being always kept jlTQia upder the arm. " TftfUtf'— The point of the lanoe is thrown forward by the lifhihaiid, wiCh » sbarpvpnotioB to the front, the full extent of the arm, the butt resting firm under the arm ; the point \t &k Lance Sxereiat, to be given as high as the antagonist's breast : althongh the body ought with every point, and particularly with every parry, to give strength and force to the lance, yet the man ■hould at all times remain firm and strong in his seat in the •addle, which will give force to his weapon, and he will feel augmented confidence when he acts as one body united with his' horse : whereas rising in the stirrup has the contrary efiect. iT —'"■'W^ {•^. \- Four — The lance is to be sharply withdrawn to the * Front Guard*' .■^*---': ...,..>, ,1. ,..--.;. : -^ - ■■.,, .^« 3. Left Parry and Point— The la!icf(^ is to be WdiiSiSi smartly over tht; horse's head ; the point to be directed hori- zontally to the man's left side ; the man is to turn his body a little to the left, but to remain well and firm in his saddle, only throwing the right shoulder forward. Two — The * Parry' *.left' and * right' is to be made eigh- teen inches either way, as described in the * Front Parry.' Three — The point of the lance is to be thrown smartly out to the left, as far as the right arm will admit ; the lance resting on the man's breast, and the right arm close upon it. '^ Four — The lance is to ^e quickly withdrawn to the 'Lefit Guard.' ,., '^-..v- :' -.."." ,..■'■,, / 4. Right Parry and Point — Bring the lance from' the 'Left Guard,' smartly over the horse's head, to the right side ; direct the point of the lance horizontally to the right. Care must here be taken that, by turning round the lance, it is not raised too high over the horse's head ; otherwise the butt-end will strike against the horse's haunches, which will make him fear the lance. TW—The * Parry' to the * right' and * left* is to be quickly made, as already explained. 'f- Three — The point of the lance is to be thrown out to the right, at the height of the antagonist's breast. The right arm is to be so turned as to press the lance firmly under it» and "ipport the point of the lance against any parry or cut of t' \ntagonist. '^'^e lance is to be quickly withdrawn to the ^ Right :>5. Left Rear Parry and Point — ^T!>e lance is to be brought swiftly round, from the * Right Guard,' over the hbrse'a head, horixoniaiiy to the left rear of the soldier; the body of the soldier is to turn on the hip in bis (laddie^ ftifftt rouoil J» ihe left as a firm seat will allow. t iiiju i>i!| ,itrii« ?«!* li? • .jr.T-?v^aiilt^lShi^s.' . XoiMM EsurciH.' f;j>*i\W,i rt0O— The ' Parry/ * left/ and * right' io to be^ qiilckl j made. Thrte — The poiot of the lance is to be** thrown oofe td the left rear of the man, as much as the arm will permit., ;^ Four — The lance is to be quickly withdrawn to the 'Left Rear Guard.' 6. Right Rear Parry and Point — The lanoe it^ to- be brought back, in a round parry, smartly over the horae^s head, from the left rear to the right rear of the man ; though the man turns as much as possible on his hip to the rear, vet he must keep a firm seat in his saddle, or his power of aotiog offensively will be considerably diminished. 7W— The < Parry' < right' and * left' m;ust be (]^ickly made. J%ree — The point to the right reiu* is to be given, the>man jLeeping his lance close under his arm ; he ought to look well back to observe the execution of his lance. Four — The lance is to be\imckly withdrawn to the ' R^ght Rear Guard. , 7« Carry Zanee— -The lance is to be dropped, with- the ^mttrend in a perpendicular direction, into the bucket on the right stirrup : the right hand as before directed. 'u(,ij._ *v i-'itx: Second DiyisionJ! JM« 4*i"( ?Ji1t «?»,! Se€0nd IHvisian. C Against Infantry^/ Siee 1. G^iiarrf— From the * Carry' to the,* Front Guard.* * First Division;' 2. Right Parry and Point — The lance is to be brought diarply down to the right, in an oblique direction, so as to act against a man dismounted. ,.. .-...^ 7W_The < Parry,' < right,' aTid ' left' agaiilsl ihfhutry is to be quickly made, as already observed. Three — The point is to be given firm, in an oblique direc* tion downwards, the bpd^ a little sunk with, and during the point. ,n./**v*,^i';a^ ,,riiii.^^^^ - ■, . ,^_^- ^.^^ Four — The lance is to be quickly withdrawn to the ' Right Guard' against infantry. a ra-^ vt)^wmv*^» ^i S^ Left Parry and Pom^^The lauce is to be Hronght ttom the * Kigbt (iuird' against infantry, wish a Bmwp mo- tion over the horse's head, to the left, in an oblique dirQCtioo downwards — as before explained to the right. II.II I I HI1 I nijn 62 Lance Exerei»e, 3, ;■ I ^too— The parries, left and right, are to be made short and quick. -^ Three — The point is to be given left, against infantry. Four — The lance is to be quickly withdrawn to the * Left Guard' against infantry. 4. Reverse Lance and Bear Point — The lance is to be carried over the horse's head, and raiined twelve inches, then the point turned down, with a quick motion of the wriit: and bringing thus the point to the rear ; the lance under the right arm; the butt to the- front; tt)<> right hand, without quitting the lance, is to be shifted while the lance is turned Two — The butt of the lance is to be carried forward, keep- ing it close to the shoulder. ■ > <• Three — The point is to be darted to the rear downwarct«» in an oblique direction, against infantry : the eyes should at all times, particularly to the rear, accompany the points. ul Four — The lance is to be brought back under the arm to the • Reverse.' * ' '^ *«^'^ #ii 5. Port Lance, and Rear Point — The lance is to be low- ered a little from under the arm, and being again turned over with the butt to the rear, the point is to be thrown from the right, over the horse's head, to the left rear of the man, into the left arm, which supports the lance, the back of the right hand upwards, v"^*^"^ '^''—■''\> - Two — The right hand slides the full extent of the arm, towards the butt. ^. .^.,. .,,,- Three — The point is to be darted to the rear, as directed in 'the motion of * Reverse Lance.' Four — The point is to be withdrawn smartly to .the * Port l^ance. , . ■ji'H'"'".''' ■ i^-tM'i""-*: ■ >,*! 1^ Cany Z^ftce—The lance is to be brought quickly over the horse's head to the * Carry ,*r»ji/j i^n .yUitii vUsiyp >d i\i itih' "^ftptiJj! hfUi Ihird Division. , •,' „ *' '•' Third Division, f Against Cavalr^f, J ;'^^*\ L GWrd— As before. .M,'it ^af* >*. j^ii»0 %. Round Parry tmd Front give Point— ■''»..»••'•»!•> < f''-^'>. . > .r> . >•.«,>-• ^ " *..j»-iAViw' •.-->.• 5. St, George — ^Froni the * Reverse Lance,* where flie ' butt is to the front, the lance is to be taken between the fore and middle finger of the right hand ; the butt of the lance is then to be moved twice, quickly back and forward, over the horse's head ; by this motion the right hand gains the power to raise the lance over the head of the man ; there to spin it round in a full circle, twice, or thrice, the hand to, grasp it, the point to the rear ; the arm to be extended up- wahls, holding the lance horizontally, the palm of the hand inward. ...... ^..^ «-..^. .... ..,. .^.,. - ; , £^ : ■ •.;■ 6. Guard arid Carry Lance — The lance is to be turned in the fingers of the right hand, and after a moment's pause, brought sharply under the right arm to the * Front Guard.* Two — The lance is to be brought to the * Qwr^s^ as before directed. Lanee EoBtreite* ••*JMH.*jt; ^v. ;.>-= First Division. ' "'"^^'^' ^'"^^ jji0t^;» tiAi M ^ N siW - v** 7th* Carry Lance • • . **<»{-• Second Division. ' ' (against infantry.) . \8t. Guard 2/r •>,Ti|i i iXirt^H ■ vr ) i. Third Division.' ;^ (against cavalry.) i . » ^v^ \st. Guard 1 Sit/. Round Parry and Front give Point .... 8 3rf. Round Parry^ Port Lanccy and Rear Point . . 4 4th. Round Parry t Reverse Lance, and Rear Point . 4 Sth. St. George I 6th Guard — and Carry Lance 2 For Drawing Pistol. '* irm Sling Lance — From the * CarryMet the thumb which is in the sling go forward into the slipg ; the fingera disengaging fr.im the lance and following the thumb through the sling, the lance will fall back behind the right shoulder; the right hand is to rest on the thigh near the hip ; the right arm- to be held in a natural position, and not forced either way. ^ Draw Pistol — The li^ce being slung, the pistol may W drawn, and the various firings gone through ; great care and patience are necessary for this practise. # * J o^» ^-*-"*';^|l J* Lance ExeretH* 6d . ] XT '> ''rill ■ ^jA .. . ' » ' I . I . 4 . 4 . 4 . 1 : I •». I'M? . 1 . 8 . 4 . 4 . ] . 2 tllUQlb trough •uld^r; 3 right either re and HUum Pistol — Af usual. m:! i^n- . XT' Carry Zance— The lance is to be brought forM^aVd by a motion of the right elbow, at which time the right hand reversed is to lay hold of the lance, and to slide upwards, so as to disengage the right arm out of the sling, and to remain at the 'Carry.' ,., .r 'i. : ii. For Drawing Sword. • i 'i.ji 'AiHr Left Arm Sling Lance — The right hand is to slide down on the lance to the full ei^tent of the arm. Two — The right hand is to give a firm jerk, and to throw the lance perpendicularly upwards, so that the hand be with- in half a yard of the butt-end of the lance. 7%ree — The right hand is to bring the lance over the bridle hand, and to let the lance slide through the hand per- pendicularly downwards, so that the butt-end enters the bucket on the left stirrup. Four — Both hands are to be placed near to each other, and the right hand to lay quickly hold of the reins ; the left hand is to take the lance, so that the thumb be in the sling which it enters, the fingers following into the sling, and thus throwing the lance in rear of the left shoulder. Five — The left hand is to resume the reins, the right hand to be placed on the right thigh. Draw Swords — After the lance is slung on the left arm the sword may be used. Return Swords — As usual. It ought here to be observed, that the front slir*: ff the sword-'belt must be very short, so that the mouth of the scab- bard may rest on the man's thigh, otherwise the lance will prevent its being returned with ease, as the lanee lies upon the scabbard, while slung on the left arm. ' Carry Lance — The left arm is to give a firm jerk to the lance, to throw it forward ; at the same time the hand re- versed is to lay hold of the lance, then to slide upwards, and to disengage the left arm out of the sling ; the reins to be in the right hand. Two — Both hands are to be brought near to each other, the left taking the reins, leaving the lance supported by the thumb of the left hand, till the right hand has quitted the reins, and then quickly slides down on the lance, under the bridle, to the full extent of the arm. p 1 ■.^itf^f^:*')'' if !■■:-"■- ^V-lT' "-■"■(■ '/■^»T*- 66 Lance Exercise. Three — The right hand is to bring the lance out of the bucket with a jerk, throwing up the lance in order to bring it dear over the saddle, to the right side ; the lance is then to slide through the right hand perpendicularly downwards, into the bucket on the right stirrup, the right hand in line Mrith the shoulder. The slinging of the lance on either side, to change to the use of the pistol and sword, with perfect ease and facility in a canter, requires much practice, and cannot be sufficiently recommended. Great patience and judgment, with short and gentle lessons, are required to bring the men to perfec- tion, and to render the horses active and tractable, in these exercises. ,'' .'.'\ ' .^ .":.. , .* • ..:(",. .....t ,.„',„? ....^ It is a most useful practice to let the men give, after each point, a 'second point,' supposing the antagonist-out of reach «)f the uiiual extent of the point. Second Poine — From the * Guard' throw the lance full half a yard or more forward in the right hand without advancing the hand from the guard. , . , , ,,, Two — Give the point as before, and withdraw the lance quickly to its proper balance and guaid. Witfidraw Lance — Supposing the antagonist closed in upon the lancer, by learning to withdraw quickly his lance about half a yard or more, and keeping the lance firm under his arm, he will prevent the antagonist from getting in under his lance, which would prove fatsd to the lancer. Section IV. ■j^ \ ,,-■' ' -'Yin. POSITION OF THE LANCE FOR ATTACK IN LINE. I (-' i On the advance to attack in line, both ranks have their lances carried, till the word * Charge,' when the front rank bring down the lance to the front guard, ready to meet the object of attack, and the rear rank continue with the lance at tke carry, but loosen it from the bucket. At the ' Halt,' the lance to be brought to the * Carry .'f Those men of the front rank who are immediately behind the Squadron and Troop Leaders must raise the points o their lances when at the * Front Guard,* sufficiently to •- >^ veut accident. , vii'lu I I Lance Exercise, 67 kr , Section V. ■ ^.^ - , ATTACK AND DEFENCE. To enable the soldier to use his lance to the best advantage, in the various ways he may have occasion to defend himself against his antagonist's attack, with lance or sword, it will be most useful to both men and horses to form them upon a circle, and let the men attack and defend themselves, as they feel they have the power over their weapons, and command over their horses. This manner of attack and defence may be tried both upon the right and left circle, with any w«jiapon ; those vho are perfectly masters of their horses will have a decideo advantage over those less so ; yet, with so long a weapon as the lance, it requires more particularly a well- broken horse, and the man to be perfect in the management of both his horse and weapons. The lancer should at all times try to keep his antagonist as much as possible in his front and on his right, and at a distance, as the great advan* tage of the superior length of the weapon is lost as soon as the antagonist is able to close upon the lancer. This exercise should at first be tried with blunt laoces and sticks with baskets.',"^-"""" "';*"'*•" "^7' '"r"' '-"^" "'" "'•?'"^: . ., ; ,.,..■ '-' ' ■-'' '" ''■'■' V ••'■'^ ■'-■'■* ■■■'^'^ ■■■Miiiii^'^f^.^ii -imHUi iy:h /> '>4 USt ' Jlii it. •■; '•'". 'V ^.; r ' '/m:;- u ■}Pirf^-Hll' ■ V. "• .^i" • J J ^-.,;.. * '^t ■■'■:-} 'jl< .; 'jIP* . ', y\^jd !/• >'r>:^]. 'V, J. 't^ mi ^■^'A? ■* *. ' '.; I * .'•Uk ' t >'i':U 1 ■A' !{/ •■!. »,-''■ ' .■iU.^ M ■ "'^ .«.' ,.ih i^-tirt .'*;-i?(ji m ' f-'A k^'i'i-'' -. '»«'• i'' ' ■ ' ■■ ■in-:y>kl tiMyi). i.» 1 t^ . i .•»' ; • .;*• t- H- •'fc; ', fh', r.i.j '-> _ ■ ! i > / T-, ; ; 1 ■■■'■ • . . ' . fi- •H ■ ( V ■ < 1 ■ ^ *■■ ; •■:^ :A :ii i<* n ' r-Vit; ■>ti:» ■S4.1. Td •/v-. i ■.iH''' ! • ^iVJUm y-.i-n ■sfA CHAPTER VI. ■(M»/-tJ':<>* t INSTRUCTION OF THE TROOP AND .-h^. r * SQUADRON. ; ;jv'-ffl-vw''',-?j. .;'• •. .[-v Section I. ■''■*- ■r. .(.h cil <:; -1j. INTRODUCTORY REMARKS. 1. The first drills of recruits should be in small squads in fingle rank, not exceeding twelve men in each, under an in- telligent non-commissioned officer. All general directions and explanations should be short and clear ; the repetition of them, after they have been understood, should be avoided ; and the instructor must be careful to distinguish awkwardness and ignorance from wilful inattention. When fault is to be found, the man who is to blame should be spoken to without harshness, but decidedly, and so that all the squad may hear. Any man who is idle and careless in the ranks, sbouM be re- ported and punished afterwards ; but moderation must be observed in reprimanding men when in the ranks and under instruction. 2. At the drills due allowance must always be made for young, unsteady, or violent horses. If the men are blamed for their horses' faults, they become impatient with them, and confirm them in their bad habits, which, by gentleness, and by not requiring too much exactness of movement from them at first, can almost always be overcome. 3. Short halts should take place at intervals, the order being given to sit at ease ; the men should also be dismount- ed at least once during the drill. The soldier whose atten- tion is not fatigued, will take the greater pains, and make the more rapid progress in consequence. Section II. DRESSING. Dressing is a progressive operation upon two men placed in a determined straight line, by which any number of men are correctly aligned on them. ?^'- .'.lU.i^.-.tJX.^.^.U'iliu.^l^-' tl .VA\»1 Dressing. , iV-'. v, 69 L It is indispensable that in movement this base should be exactly square, to preserve the parallelism of the body ; and when halted, it will be regulated, with equal precision, for the same object. The first and second files on the stand- ing flank being first truly placed, the others then rapidly and successively conform to th«^m ; and the men must be habitu- ated to line themselves on the given points without assis- tance or being c^alled to. 2' The first principle of dressing, either halted or in move- ment, is the perfect squareness of the man and horse. The next is that each man should see the surface, but no more, of the second man's face from him. To do this, he must sit upright on his horse, and not gain the line by leaning back- ward or forward. When halted, he may turn his head, not exceed! a quarter, towards tlie dressing hand ; but when in movement, except when < Marching Past,' the head must be kept square to the front, the glance of the eye only should secure the dressing. . . '^ 8. During the dressing, the proper distance of files must be corrected. 4. The word * Dress' means to the hand to which the men are then looking ; but when the dressing is to be to a difi«r- ent point, it will be expressed by the word * Ei/es Rights * Centre; or ' Left: 5. The Squadron, and all other bodies, till otherwise or- dered, dress to the hand to which they form, except in a Formation to the pivot hand, after a flank movement by Files or Threes, when the dressing is to the leading flank. As soon as the Squadron is formed in line, the eyes are to the centre. ^ 6. When the dressing is finished, the word * E^es Fr&n£ must be ^iven. 7. ■ the march, dressing is to the hand to which it was when halted, or to that which becoir>es the pivot, or directing hand ; and it is a rule that when the right is in front, the left is the pivot or point of dressing and covering, and vice versS^ 8. On the halt, dressing is to the same hand as it was on the march. 9. In the Formations from Threes and Files to the left (piyot) hand, the dressing does not alter to the right till each Three or File is actually arriving at those already formed ; but in Formations to the Front, or Reverse Flank, the dress-* ing changes to that Flank, on the caution to form. 10. In Formations from Column of Divisions or Troops to the Reverse Flank, the dressing changes at the cautioq^ and Troop Leaders shift accordingly. F 3 70 Marching to the Front — Inclining. 11. When the Squadron moves in line, dressing is to its centre. ■■\..■.MU:^'■^:' ';■'■'• Section III. ^w*.. 'v'i N^^t MARCHING TO THE FRONT. - 1. One of the most necessary instructions for preparing the soldier to act in squadron is the method of marching per- fectly straight, by keeping in one line two objects at some distance before him ; and for this purpose each man is to be successively placed on the directing hand ; but at first a trained soldier must be placed on both Hanks for this practice. 2. On the words * E^es Right, Marchy' the whole move forward, attending to the instructions laid down. The flank man must be cautioned never to move with suddenness or hurry, and the steadiness of his pace must be greatly attended to. The men must be taught to correct the distance of files as gently and quietly as possible, and much more by the leg than by the hand. Gradual correction of dressing ard dis- tance is the chief principle of good movement. ,^, \^- 3. The points of direction must be occasionally changed to the right or left, to teach the men to close their files, or yield to the pivot hand, it being a general loile to give way to any pressure from the dressing flank, but to resist it from the other. 4. The Instructor must sometimes direct the flank man, in a low voice, to go fiister or slower, observing that the rank conform in their dressing without suddenness or hurry. 5. After the ' Halt' the men are to remain steady ; if the word ' Dress' follows, they quickly take up their fine from the flank to which they are to dress. And to instU the prac- tice of dressing, as it is generally necessary in manoeuvre, tlie two men of a squad on either flank are directed to advance a horse's length ; and at the words * Ei/es Right,' or * Left, -^ Dress up,' each man successively dresses on these points. Di essing back must be practised exactly in the same manner. Section IV. INCLINING. .rt Inclining is a movement by wliich the Squadron is carried on in a parallel direction, at the same time that it is gaining ground to the flank. It is of great use in all marches in front, to correct any irregularities that may happen. » Vineir, Passaging and Reining Back, 71 1. At the order to < Incline/ each man causes his horse to turn on his fore-feet, about one-third towards the flank, so that his knee comes rather behind the knee of his next lead- ing file ; and the whole will look to the hand to which they are to incline. The rear rank moves in the same manner» and is regulated by the front rank, which it takes care to conform to ; and thus the horses' heads of the rear rank will be directed in rear of the second man from their leader to- ward the hand inclined to. 2. The non-commissioned officer on the leading flank, having ascertained his points, marches steadily upon them, at whatever pace is ordered. Every other man moves on so many parallel lines with respect to him, and preserves the same uniformity of front and files, as when he first turned his horse's head. 3. Great care is to be taken that the whole move at the same pace, and quicken or slacken together, as ordered. If the flank that follows is too forward, the centre will be crowded ; if it is too backward, the squadron will be too much in file. 4. Whenever the word * Forward /' is given, the Squad- ron (by each man, at the same instant, turning his horse) should be formed in a direction perfectly parallel to its former front. 5. The distance of files at six inches allows the squadron to incline in perfect order, while its new direction does not exceed an angle of 34** with respect to its former one ; and at tills angle it will be understood always to incline. 6. No horse is to cross his legs or passage in inclining, but each is to move in a straight line. Section V. v ' ' "■'- ' PASSAGING AND REINING BACK. Passaging and reining back are lessons of the mane;?e, and necessary in opening or closing of ranks, files, or intc vals of squadrons. When ground h to be taken to the flank by passaging, the I Right ^ whole body moves at the word -J or > Pass ! March, until . . , IJ^efiS it receives the word ' Halt ! In reining back of bodies or ranks, the whole look to the hand to which they ought to form or dress ; the movement is never to be hurried ; and the horses are to be kept straight. J v.-^;^^ .;,{^|'> # Filing-— Wheding. ':♦! 'j'rvf'ii ■ -'• .«fi Section VI.' : i f'ih'ih M\t tk -A: U' .1'!. •' • ■' /^r-n-i I-.'* ■•■>•«<)* *•.?»( i>'» ♦n«f ■ ... FILING. ■: .-'■Jl',»"i '•'!• ,■{ -.'J,! U(.'r Filing is an operation of the squadron, of uge in inarchiiAg on narrow roads, and for passing over broken or embarrafi*- ged ground, which will not allow of movements on s great<:i front. 1. The Filings that may be required from the Squadron are froi/i either flank to front, flank, or rear. 2. At fhf" command ^ Files Bight/ *>r ^ Fileh Lefi, all horses ait; iastanily to be tur led about a third towards th<) hand uaiiiadj ready *m «?ove o/F without loss of distance. 3. At the word * :ilarc}i.* tlie rear rank moves up to the crorp of th« front rank, anU fJos go o£F close in succession, 80 as to leare tso wnuecosiiry interval from one to another. 4. When in file, the <.iistance of a yard from head to croup should be taken. The interval between ranks, when in file, is one yard, and the rear rank man dresses by his front rank. 6. In the filiiijrs of the Squadron the Serrefiles take their place in tJie rear «>£ the files, because filing is in general an operation of necessity, required by the nature of the ground. 6. In forming from file, each man must come up in file to his placo, and by no means move up to his leader, till that leader has formed. 7. In fcrniing to the front, the rear files move by the in- clinij to their point of formation. 8. In forming to the rear, the files double round the lead- ers who have themselves twned about. 9. In forming to the proper flank, the files turn and move up t'> their leaders. 10. In forming to the reverse flank, the files pass beh' 'd their leaders, and successively turn and move up into ' »"> with them. '■■''■-- SEOTiON VII. WHEELING. Wheeling is one of the most essential and importan' op# rations of the Squadron. ^ .':^ on a f^ank ; excepting the wheels of Threes, which are made on tlie centre man of each. 5. While wheels are in progress, dressing is to the * wheel- ing' flank, and distance of files is preserved from the * stand- ing' flank. The pivot man turns his horse on his fore feet, keeps his ground, and comes gradually round with his rank. The outward flark mnn look to his rank, regulates the pace at which the wh < 1 k mado, und conducts the flank so as to avoid zrowf'''! ^ on the rank: *^^he men resisting all pressure from the o ,'tward, but giving way to all from the inward flank. All the horses' heads must be l.jpt rather outward, and the croups lightly pressed inwards with the leg. The reiu rank must rein back at the standing flank, and partly pas- sage and incline towards the w^heeli"g hand in order to covt^r. 6. In wheels upon the move, the wheeling flank moves about one half faster than the r^te at which tlie body is inarching, r;,/ ■.U-n.-V-.J •;;/-.^/.>^.-:;r , ! iv^a^ n»*^ .1 LiiSjit:^^.^.. . - • «i Wheeling, ■ 7* In wheels npon the move, of less than the quarter cir- cle, the pivot only checks and turns Ms horse during the wheel, and resumes his former pace on the word * Forward! 8. In wheels upon the move, of a degree amounting to the auarter circie or more, the pivot halts and turns his horse uring the wheel, and resumes his former pace on the word * Forward* 9* After wheeling into line from column, dressing is to the centre of the Squadron, and also after the Squadron wheels about, reverses its front, or counter-marches in line. 10. After wheeling into echellon, the dressing, at the word * Forward^ is to the mward hand. 11. After wheeling about or countermarching Divisions, Troops, or Squailrons, in column, the dressing is to which- ever flank is become the pivot. 12. When the column does not halt after the wheel, or is put in motion after it, the dressing is to the pivot. 13. In the movement of a Column of Troops, or Divisions, when a wheel of the quarter circle is to be made in succes- sion, the word ' Forward! is given, as soon as the wheel is completed. 14. Wheels made on a halted, or on a moveable Pivot — Wheels of the Squadron, or its parts, are made or when the change of direction to be given is less than the quarter circle. When wheels or changes of direction of bodies in column are made on a moveable pivot, both flanks are kept in motion ; the inner, or flank wheeled to, describing an arc of the lesser circle ; the outer, or wheeling flank, describing an arc of the larger circle ; the intermediate men, by a compound of in- clining and wheeling, conforming to this movement. When the change is to be made to the pivot hand, the leader of the head of the column, when at the distance of a few yards (according to the strength of his division) from the point of intersection of the old and new direction, will give the word ' Right (or Left) Shouldergf' upon which the pivot leader, without altering his pace, bi^ns to circle so as to en- ter the new direction a few yards beyond the point of inter- section { the division, on the principle of gradual dressing, conforming to this movement in tlie manner before directed. When this is effected, the Leader gives the word * Forward* "' ^'TJ^r-m.r' ,i9ffffiin_jf Threes, n for the Division to pursue the straight line. The Leader of each succeeding Division, when he arrives at the point where the first began to wheel, will proceed in the same manner, always preserving his proper distance. When the change is to oe made to the reverse hand, the Division Leader, having arrived at about the distance of the front of his division from the point of intersection of the old and new direction, gives the word ' Right (or Left) Shouldersy and the pivot gradually circles into the new direction ; the rest of the Division, by giving way and decreasing the pace, having conformed to the movement, the Leader at the pro- per point will order * Forward' It is, however, to be ob- served that the disiitance at which the Division Leader ought to give the word, * Right (or Leji) Shoulders* from the old direction towards the new one, must depend upon the extent of front of his division, the degree of change to be made, and the rate of march at which the body is moving j for, in pro- portion as each is increased, should the arc of the circle be increased also, and the operation be sooner commenced, in order that the change may be made gradually, without over- shooting tlie line, and so completed that the intended direc- tion may be pursued at the word * Forward,' During the change to eitlier hand, the whol'^ continue looking to the proper pivot flank, which never alters the rate of march ; but the reverse flank is, in the one case, obliged to slacken, and in the other, to quicken its movement. Observe. — Wheeling on the Moveable Pivot is to be con- sidered as only applicable to the Open and Close Column. , .V ■ Section VIIL THREES. The movement by Threes enables a body of cavalry, of whatever extent, and whether in Line, in Close, or in Open Column, to reverse its front, or wheel to a flank, upon the ground on which it stands ; and thus to retire, or i.'arch to a flank, preserving the power to resume its front in the quick- est possible manner , u,; y.,,, i .^^i!ini 1. Wheeling . . ^'hrees — The wheel is made upon the cer.t? 3 horse of eacn rank, which must be turned upon his centre, and the right and left of Threes move up, or rein hack, according to the hand to which the wheel is made., so as to dress upon v< 3 centre man, from whom the distance is taken. .r*^-ij:!|<] •»;«■:.? 's-aBssrS i^W' ^.;JI«!«W,3I«|' ■ ... J:* -,■ _ '■_.-. .>-■.. i-viii * ^ . . ■. :.r ■ . . ,,- -■ ■ ■■ 1 1 I ■ %.m 76 Standard. 2. The dressing of Threes, after the wheel, is to the pivot flank. 8. When Threes are or*^' f. i ' //.outy they always wheel to the right about. 4. When the wordl « Front' is gfiven to Threes which have moved to a flank, or have wheeled about, it implies that such body is to resume its. proper front. 5. Distances in movement by Thre»^s— ia the move- ment by Threes to a flank, the Squaiuoii ttnouk! oc :/py but little more ground than when fronted ; the Threes must therefore be as much closed up as is consistent with the free action of the (>orse, the interval between the front and rear ranks being ..iosed on the march. But bs some extension will unav(aclubly take place during quick movements;, or in deep and broken ground, when two or more Squadrons are marching by Threes to a flank ; half distances only between Squadrons are then to be preserved, the remaining distance being regained by the closing up of each Squadron at the word * Halt: 6. Wheel op Threes on the Move. — If in manoeuvre the Threes are required to wheel without halting, each Three is to wheel on its flank man instead of on its centre. On some occasions w hen halted in deep ground, where the wheel of Threes could not without difficulty be made upon the cen- tre, it may be done in this mode upon the flank ; but the Squadron must previously be put in motion, to aflbrd the rear rank a greater liberty of movement. 7. In all movements Uj Thices the 1 rees wheel at once, upon the word ' Threes Right^ * Thresi, Lefty or ' Threes abouty without the word * Mnrchy and halt and dress to their •pivot without any word fi>r that purpose. Section I> STANDARD. ^ 1. When the Squadron wheels to a flank, by Threes, the Standard is on the pivot flank of the rear section of Threes of the leading Troop, his Coverer on the reverse flank of the same rank of Threes. , ^^ . 2. When the Squadron goes Threes about, the Standard tnor^ out, and the Coverer reins back; both turn to the right about, w^d c^ume their places. Paces, 77 the pirot aya wheel rhich have that 8uch the move- »c;.i/py but ees must 1 the free and rear extension (nts. or in idrons are y between g distance ron at the manoeuvlre ach Three ntre. On I the wheel m the cen- ; but the aflbrd the el at once, r * Threes !ss to their hrees, the jf Threes auk of the Standard rn to the 3. In movements of Troops, by files, tn tlie front or rear, the Standard is to lead the left Troop when filing from tbiQ right, and vice versA. ' * . " , » ^ '^; 4. In similar movements by Threes, the Standard is to be on the reverse flank of the leading Thirees of the outward Troop; his Coverer behind him, if an open Column be formed in front of a named Troop ; but, when formed in rear of one, the Standard will be on the reverse Flank of the rear Threes of the leading Troop, his Coverer in front of him. 5. In Open Column of Divisions, the Standard and Cov- erer are on the reverse Flank of the leading Division of the rear Troop. , ..;..• 6. In Open Column of Troops, the Standard is in rear of the third file from the Pivot of the leading Troop, his Coverer in rear of .he fourth file. 7. In Close Column of Troops, he is to be on the reverse flank of ii\e front rank of the rear Troop of each Squadron ; therefore, when the Troops are moving into column, he is to march on the reverse flank of the leading Threes of the samp Troop. 8. J I echellon of Troops the Standard is in rear of the third r e from tht inward Flank of the Leading Troop ; his Covci'er in rear of the fourth File. Section X. . . i • PACES. ..'. " -~ .. . Although the paces of the cavalry cannot be regulated by the length of step as in the infantry, they may nevertheless be correctly determined by establishing the following fixed rates for each pace. 1. The rate of walk not to exceed four miles an hour. The trot to be eight miles and a half an hour as the general piice of manoeuvre, but for Adjutant's Drills and the ordinary exercise of a Regiment, it may be limited to seven miles an hour. The gallop to be eleven miles an hour. " « |i* 2. To practise these paces, a quarter of a mile must be marked out, which the officers and non-commissioned officers will be habituated to pass over, at a walk, in three minutes and forty-five seconds ; at a trot, in one minute and forty- six seconds, for the rate of eight miles and a half an hour ; and, for the slower trot, in two minutes and nine seconds. The gallop in one minute and twenty-two seconds. ^;^„^,^^ G 1 .; Jii.i*-^i2 -ti^i^.tfca 78 Formation of the Troop. '' 3. This exercise will ensure the steady leading of Troops in column or in any other Mitnation ; and when any number of RegimentH assemble, all will be found accustomed to move kt the same paces. 4. The gallop is to be occasionally used by Sauadrons and single Hegiinents fur any simple Formations, but it is not to be considered applicable to the general purposes of mancenvre. .\ ' ,^: 5. The rate of charge snoiild hot exceed the iitmost itpe^ of the slowest horses. 6. To preserve that uniformity of movement so essential to order and regularity, the trot and gallop must commence gradually, and by the whole body at the same time ; and to ensure, in many movements, a close formation, they must end equally so ; and it must be borne in mind that great bodies, consistent with perfect order, caimot move with the same rapidity as smaller ones, and therefore an allowance proportionable to their extent must be made in conducting them. m ii Section XI. 1. k ff I ., , ^ - ,.| , ' « FORMATION OF THE TROOP. 1 . Each Troop forms on its own parade, in rank* entire according to the size-roll, the tallest men and horses being on that flank, which will be the inward one in Squadron. After which the Inspection is made as ordered. 2. The Commanding Officer numbers the Troop off from its inward flank, tells ofl^ the rear rank, consisting of the smallest men and horses ; and forms two deep at close order, by filing, or by reining back and passaging. If the numbers are uneven, the last man but one on the outward flank of the front rank must remain uncovered. 3. He places the senior Subaltern in front of the centre, and tlie junior in the rear. 4. He then places a Serjeant on the right and left of the Troop 5 and also two Non-commissioned Officers together, as nearly as he can judge, in the centre of the front rank, who are to become Division Leaders. 5. Any remaining Non-commissioned Officers, with the Trumpeter and Farrier, are posted in the rear, at the dis- tance of a horse's length. * G. If the Troop is to join in Squadron immediately, any * On service the Troops will in general fall at once in two ranks, and ' fcir occasions of turning out by night, it is essential that each man should recollect bis number by files, according to which he will thm fall in. Formation of the Squadron. 79 fiirtlicr telling off may be dispensed with, until the Squadron is formed. 7. If the Troop is to act independently, or has any con- siderable distance to inarch to the rendezvous of the squad- ron, it will be further told off^ according to the instructions for the Squadron, in the following section, so far as they are applicable. '\ «./t ■Hi .H Section XII. 1) . 'j«i .r> FORMATION OF THE SQUADRON. »it ■IM 1. When the Squadron is to be formed, the two Troops that compose it close in to each other, and the Officers ad- vance two horses' length, fronting their Troops. 2. The Commanding Officer of the Squadron, having as- certained the number of files in each, equalizes the Troops by shifting a file or two from the outward flank of the stronger Troop. 3. The distribution of the officers is as follows : One in front of the centre of each Troop, (termed the Troop Lead- ers,) another (who is called the Squadron Serrefile) in rear of the centre, to lead to the rear ; the other officers in rear of the centre, of each Troop, as Serrefiles. 4. A Troop Serjeant-Major, or Serjeant, is appointed to carry the Standard, covered by a Corporal or Private ; and they should be posted in the centre when the Troops close in. 5. In Regiments without Standards, the Non-commissioned Officer on the right of the left Troop will be considered the centre. '" 6. Telwng Off the Squadron and Posting op Non- commissioned Officers. — The Squadron being thus formed of two Troops, with non-commissioned officers and their coverers on the flanks of each, is ordered to number off from the centre the number of files which it is intended the centre Divisions shall be composed of; the man who last numbered off, and one next 'beyond him, hold up their hands to mark the flanks of Divisions, on which the two Non-commissioned Officers, if not already in those places, move out and post themselves there accordingly, the two or more men passaging right, or left, as may be necessary. By this mode of telling off, the practice of the Division Leaders changing their flanks in movement is avoided, and the one on the. directing flank vrill give the word of command. ijiitJ ■m 7* The Conunanding Officer then orders the men to tell 2! I{ H 80 Formation of the Squadron, themselves off by Threes and by Files, beginning at the Standard, exclusive, and telling off to each flank ; the File on the right of the Standard telling off ' left,' and the one on the left * right,' both by Threes and by Files. The Non- commissioned Officers are to be inchided in these tellings off. 8. The centre Divisions must divide equally by Threes ; but if all are not of the same strength, it must be a rule for the strongest, to an extent not exceeding three files, to be on the flanks of the Squadron. 9. Whenever the Squadrons are above sixty-four files strong, they are also to be told off by Subdivisions ; these are to be led by the Non-commissioned Officer or Private on the pivot fiank, in the manner prescribed for Divisions. 10. As soon as the Squadron is told off, the commanding Officer proves the Tellings off by the commands — * Flanks of Divisions — Proof! ' — On which the flank men of each hold up their right hands. , ,. . , ^ As you were r They drop them. * First and Third Divisions — Proof! * ., * As you were !' . ^ :* Flanks of Threes— Proof!* * As you were !* ' . ■ * Right Files— Proof!* ' * As you were !* * Officers take post ! * It. Posts op Officers and Non-commissioned Officers AFTER THE SqUADRON IS FORMED. .^ Commanding f Advanced half a horse's length before Officer. 1 the Standard. Two Officers / ^"® *** *^® same distance in front of the \ centre of each Troop. y^ Q«. f Half a horse's length in rear of the ' \ centre of the Squadron. rr^ f\(f, J ^^^ ^^ ^^^ sam'e distance in rear of the 1 wo umcers | ^^^^^ ^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ Troop Serjeant f Carrying the Standard in the centre of . Mftjor or Serjeant. \ the front rank, covered by a Corpwal. Eight Non- r One on the flanks of each Divi; %^n, e»c^.. y Commissioned } covered by a Corporal or at:/' '^eufc Officers. (^ Private. i. ,. «, -wi: i vf^^ 11 4a;>ji Ope Non-commissioned Officer as Squadron Mail'cr, at 1« V> '^i''''\1\ \ ]g at the le File on le one on ^he Non- Bllings off. Threes ; rule for [s, to be on [-four files these are ^ate on the mmanding . flank men ^; Order, V\' i', \o vr 81 Officers gth before iront of the ;ar of the rear of the 5 centre of k Corjjv al. i::*on, eoc^i tnt' : "geLit lai trer, at an interval of one horse's length on the right of the Squadron Serrefile ; the Trumpeters in rear of the second File from each flank ; and all supernumerary Officers and Serjeants, and the Farriers, distributed in one line, at half a horse's length from the rear rank. 12. Replacing of Officers, &c. — In this distribution, if a sufficient number of any rank is not present, Serjeants replace Officers, Corporals replace Serjeants, and inteUigent men replace Corporals. 13. In order to preserve each Troop entire, it is not ma- terial if one Division is a File stronger than another. Officers will be posted with their Troops as much as possi- ble. Farriers aie considered as detached, in all situations of manoeuvre. ■ - • ,1 Order. r 14. The Squadron being formed at * Close Order,' if * Order' is t(» be taken, the Commanding Officer gives the word ' Rear Hank take Order,* and the distance of four horses' length is immediately marked by the two flank men of the rear rank, who move to the rear, front their horses, and dress to the hand ordered. At the word < March!* the rear rank reins back, and is dressed upon the flank men. 15. The Squadron-Leadei advances two horses' lengths, so as to be in advance of the line of Officers half a horse's length. I = The line of Officers moves up half a horse's length ; the Serrefile Officers move round the flanks and align themselves with them ; the senior Subalterns in front of the second File from the outward flanks of their Troops, and the others dividing the ground between the Standard and the Troop Leaders. 16. In Regiments that have Standards, the Standard- bearer advances, and aligns himself with the Troop Leaders, his Coverer taking his place. 17. The Trumpeters are on the right of the front rank, at an interval of one horse's length. 18. When the Squadro;^ takes Close Order — When from* Order' the Squadron is to take < Close Order,' the wof u - Rear Rank take Close Order / ' is a caution. At the word ^ March!* the rear rank moves forward at a trot, to close order, and the Officers and Standard take their postfi as before* o3 i ^i^Ti-'-/! 1 .-'i^-,-- 62 Marches and Formations hy Threes and Files. u^vd.i^^ff- 'wir'-j^ ';'••' Section XIII.vi'^ ■•~-:'^'h> h-. • ^---i ,:;: GteNl^iAL RULES ON THE MARCHES AND ^FORMATIONS BY THREES AND FILES. ' 1. The drills must first be practised with squads of from twelve to eighteen men, in single rank ; they must then be done by the Troop in two ranks, and finally by the Squad- ron, with Officers complete. 2. For the practices in these Squads or Divisions, no other telling ofi^ is required than that of Threes from the right or left. 3. The Marches and Formations must be executed as often by the left as by the right, and not in regular order, but form- ing and marching ofi' in different ways, as most convenient. 4. To avoid repetitions of right and left, the movements in the following drill are only laid down with reference to the former hand. 5. After the men are able to go through the whole cor- rectly at a walk, the movements should generally be performed at a trot, and occasionally at a canter, but not until very steady at the slower paces. 6. In all Marches, care must be taken that the leading Pivot marches upon two points, and that he leads off at a moderate pace. 7. When marching in file, the Instructor occasionally gives the word < Halt* and causes the leading File to passage his horse half a yard ^say to the right) ; then cautioning the next man to press his horse to the same hand, so as to cover the leading File's horse, he directs the remainder to take up their covering successively from the front, upon the Base thus given by the leading File and the man next behind him. In this manner Files or Single Files may cover in any direc- tion. The same mode of instruction may with advantage be used in covering the pivots of Threes, and Section of Threes. 8. The drill of a Squad or Troop at open Files, or three yards interval, is an excellent practice to create intelligence and good dressing ; and a Squad thus formed may change front on either flank, or on the centre. 9. In executing Formiations, the Instructor takes care to place the leading File or Three perfectly square, as they arrive on the intended line, in order that the remainder may have a correct Base for their formation ; great pains mtisC be taken to prevent any hurry in dressing up, which cannot be done too steadily ; it is always better to be behind thsln before the line. -■ Marches by Threes and Files. 8d 10. Except for a few of the first lessons, and for the sake of explanation to the soldier, the Formations should always be performed from the move, and without any preparatory halt, o^erwise the instruction becomes different from the practice in regimental Movement, where the Formations of the Squadron are necessarily made without any such halts. 11. No fault requires so much attention to correct as the hurrying up of the rear during a Formation ; the rear must never be suffered to move up the least faster than those who begin the Formation, even although some loss of distances should happen in consequence. 12. The Threes on the flanks should be occasionally changed during the exercise, in order to accustom every man to lead steadily, and acquire readiness in commencing all Marches and F'^rmations. • , ■ 1 v.w Section XIV. • ' '"'''. '' ' MARCHES TO THE FLANKS, FRONT, AND REAR, BY THREES AND FILES. Marches to the Right. By Threes. Threes Right — The whole wheel * Threes right.* March — The whole move off together. - By Sections of Threes. Sections of Threes to the Right — Threes Right — The whole wheel ' Threes right.' March — The leading Three of the front rank marches straight forward, its rear rank inclining and covering it : the remainder move off their ground in succession in the same manner ; first a front rank Three, and then a rear rank Three, alternately. - By Files. •;■, r ■ .•; Files Right — The right-hand men of both ranks turn to the right, the rear rank man at the same time closing to his front rank man : the remainder turn their horse's heads to- wards the right. ,' JlfflrcA— -The leading File marches straight forward ; the remainder move off their ground in succession, front and rear-rank men together, as it comes to their tun:. - . 84 1 Marches by Threes and Files, By Single Files. Single Files Right — The right-hand man of the front rank turns to the right ; the remainder turn their horses' heads towards the right. > '^ '^^ ^ ^ >/. - .^v -'tJii March — The leading man of the front rank marches straight forward, followed by his rear rank man ; the re- mainder move off their gi'ound in succession, in the same manner ; first a front rank man, and then a rear r^^nk man, alternately. Marches from the Right to the Front. • By Threes. Advance by Threes from the Right — Threes Right — The whole wheel ' Threes right' followed by Leading Threes Left: Wheel. March — The leading Threes, wheeling to the left, receive the word ' Forward, and march straight to the front ; the remainder follow, and wheel to the left as they arrive at the point where the leading Threes wheeled. By Sections of Threes. Advance by Sections of Threes from the Right — Threes Right — The right-hand Three of the front rank advances a horse's length, followed by its rear-rank Three ; the re- mainder wheel * Threes right.* March — The leading Three marches straight to the fronts followed by its rear rank ; the remainder move off their ground in succession ; first a front rank and then a rear rank Three, alternately, and wheel to the left at the same point from which the leading Three advanced.* By Files. Adva7ice by Files from the Right — The right-hand man of the rear rank moves up by an incline, and forms on the right of his front rank man, who moves up a horse's length ; the remainder turn their horses' heads to the right. j March — The leading File marches straight to the front ; the remainder move off their ground in succession, front and rear rank men together, as it comes to their tm'u, wheehng te the left when thev arrive at the point from which, the leading File advanced. .. ^, • . ;n ,'':"-:-\ iws'i By Single Files. ,• .,5«rr-".'ii?n. ,,.' Advance by Single Files from the IHgltt-^The right-hand * This moyement is only to be made from the flaak of a Squadron^ Marches by Threes and Files. 8d It rank I' heads larches |the re- same man, man of the front rank advances a horse's length, followed by bis rear-rank man ; the remainder turn their horses' heads to the right. !,-^. , ■ .,■ '■; . m — ;!•.-;■'<■>:;•.•;! March — The leading man marches straight to the front, followed by his rear rank man ; the remainder move oflF their ground in succession ; first a front rank and then a rear rank man, alternately, and wheel to the left at the same point from which the leading man advanced. -'-.:• I* Marches from the Right to the B.ear. /• By Threes. ' Retire by Threes from the Right — Threes Right — The whole wheel * Threes right,' followed by Leading Threes Right Wheel. March — The leading Threes, wheeling to the right, receive the word ^Forward,* and march straight to the rear, the remainder following and wheeling to the right at the same point frvym which the leading Threes retired. By Sections of Threes. Retire by Sections of Threes from the Right — Threes Right — The whole wheel * Threes right.' March — The leading Threes wheel again to thfi right, the same as above, and the leading Three of the front rank marches straight to the rear, followed by its rear rank Three, which checks its pace, inclines, and covers it ; the remainder move off their ground in succession, first a front rank, and then a rear rank Three, alternately, each .v'heeling to the right at the same point from which the leading Threes retired,* By Files. Retire by Files from the Right — The right-hand men of both ranks turn to the right-about, and the front rank man moves up on the left of his rear rank man. But to enable the inward flank men of the left Troop to do this, they and two or three Files next to them must rein back to disengage ; the remainder turn their horses' heads to the right. March — The leading File marches straight to the rear ; the remainder move off their ground in succession, front and rear rank men together, as it comes to their turn, wheeling to their right when they arrive at the same point from which the loading File retired. ;• . ' • * This movement is only to be made from the flank of a Squadron. , ■-,/-i5"» 7 « yt ;"S"'*'*'''" ^ Formations from Threes and Files. Y;r.Ai:- .r.'^.vr By Single Files. ^ ,,,i^-:j,, ,,.„f ' Retire hy Single Files from the Right — The right-hand men of both ranks turn to the right-about, and the front rank man moves up on the left of his rear rank man ; the inward flank of the left Troop disengaging as above ; the remainder turn their horses' heads to the right. ; .-.^ xs^^v h la luiH/iy March- — The leading man of the front rank marches straight to the rear, followed by his rear rank man ; the re^ mairtder move off their ground in succession ; first a front rai)k and then a rear rank man, alternately, each turning to his right as he arrives at the same point from which the lead- in(c man retired. , ,- . ^ v. Section XV. 7 POHMATIONS TO THE FRONT, FLANKS, AND REAR, FROM THREES AND FILES. Formations to the I^ront.* ^ From Threes. Front Form — The leading Three of the front rank con- tinues to advance for three tiorses' lengths and then halts, its rear rank Three moving up by an incline to its proper dis- tance, and covering it; the rest of the rear rank Tlurees check their pace till the front rank Threes of the rank next beliind come up abreast of them, the whole moving up into line M'ith the leading Tlu^ees by iiu lining to the left. . - ' From Sections op Threes. '•■"' Front Form — The leading Three of the front rank con- tinues to advance for three horses' lengths and then halts, its rear rank Three moving up to its proper distance and cover- ing it : and the remainder moving up into line by inclining to the left. From Files. > hmvI Front Form — The leading man of the front rank con- tinues to advance for three horses' lengths, and then halts, his rear rank man moving up to his proper distance, and * Tt miiHt be recollected that all the Fortnationn from Threes and Files are to be performed on the move without any preparatory halt. It is only for the first explanations that the loading Three or File may be moved un separately and placed on its ground, it ;d < ; vsi . ■m^^'^■< i;; i fci,,^....^.. Iright-hand 1 front rank the inward I remainder marches ; the re*" [•St a front ' turning- to the lead- ■nlft' LANKS, IFILES. Formations from Threes and Files. m \> rank con- in halts, its proper dis- nk Tlirees rank next ng up into ft. ' ■>) ^ ■ • rank con- n halts, its md cover- f inclining rank con- hen halts, l;ance, and » and Files It is onty >e moved ya corering him ; the rest of the rear rank men check their pace, till the front rank men of the File next behind come up abreast of them, the whole mr v^ing up into line with the leading File by inclining to the left. , From Single File. i u; i Front Form — The leading man of the front rank con- tinues to advance for three horses' lengths, and then halts, his rear rank man moving up to his proper distance, and covering him ; the remainder moving up into line by incUning to the left. '; :'' '*.": : ■■•'•v -•._-..:..:, n'^y'V Obs. — In Formations to the front, immediately on issuing from narrow ways or streets, it is impossible for the rear, who are not yet clear of the defile, to incline at once towards tiieir places in line ; on these occasions, therefore, the For- mation of all but the head of the Column becomes the same aji laid down for ' Formations to the Reverse Flank,' since all, excepting the leaders, turn to the left as they come out of the defile, and march along the rear of those already formed, till they come opposite the places where they are to move up into line. ' ..r i ,/:iV/ V,^. Formations to the Left. ', ,. From Threes. • ^ Halt Front — N.B. — In this case the word Front is employed instead of Left Form. The whole of the Threes wheel to the left, and close to whichever hand is the point of dressing. • From Sections of Threes. Left; Form — The leading Three wheels to the left, and moves up three horses' length, followed by its rear rank ; the remainder continue moving on, and as each Tlu-ee arrives opposite its place, it wheels to the left, and forms up to the rank to which it belongs. From Files. Left Form — The leading File wheels to the left, and the front rank man advancing tliree horses' length, liis rear rank man follows him ; the remainder continue moving on, and as each File arrives opposite its place, it wheels to the left, and each man forms up to the rank to which he belongs. From Single Files. Left Form — The leading man tm'ns to the left, and moves 68 Formations from Threes and Files. up three horses' length, followed by his rear rank man ; the remainder continue moving on, and as each man arrives op- posite his place, he turns to the left and forms up to the rank to which he belongs. , ,, ; > .„,. i;...«i .,( Formations to the Right or Reverse Flank. From Threes. To the Reverse Flanks Right Form — The rear rank Tlirees check their pace till the front rank Threes of the rank next behind come up abreast of them ; in the mean time, the leading Three of the front rank wheels to the right, and advances three horses' lengths beyond the right flank of the Column, and halts ; its rear rank wheeling to the right, cov- ering it, and moving up to the proper distance ; the remain- der continue moving on, each Three wheeling to the right when opposite its place, and forming up to the rank to wluch it belongs. From Sections op Threes. To the Reverse Jlank, Right Form — The leading Three of the front rank wheels to the right, advances three horses' lengths, and halts ; its rear rank Three arriving behind it, wheels, covers, and moves up to its proper distance ; the remainder continue moving on, and as each Three arrives opposite its place, it wheels to the right, and forms up to the rank to which it belongs. From Files. To the Reverse fiank, Right Form — The rear rank man of each file checks his pace till the front rank man of the File next behind comes up abreast of him ; in the mean time the leading man of the front rank turns to the right, advances three horses' lengths beyond the right flank of the Column, jxid halts ; his rear rank man wheeling to the right, covering him, and moving up to his proper distance ; the remainder continue moving on, each man turning to the right when opposite hh place, and forming up to the rank to which he belongs. From Single Files. To the Reverse flank^ Right Form — The leading man of the front rank turns to the right, advances three horses' lengths, and halts; his rear rank man arriving behind him, turns, covers, and moves up to his proper distance ; the remainder vnd as each man arrives opposite his connnue niovin 8 place, he turns to the right, and forms up to the rank to which he belongs. lan ; the [rives op- the rank lank. mg Three ree horses' behind it, tance ; the ree arrives •rms up to ank man of of the File a time the t, advances le Column, t, covering remainder ight when > which he ing man of les' lengths, lim, turns, remauider pposite his he rank to Formations from Threes and Files* ^Formations to the Right-about. From Thrsbs. 80 in^fti.io't *^rJ?ormauons lo ine ivigni-aooui;. in^imm*. RiglU'obout Form — The rear . nk Threes check their pace till the front rank Threes next behind come up abreast of them ; in the meantime the leading Three of the front rank wheels to its right, advanced enough to clear the flank of the Column by half a horse's length, wheels ag^n to its right, advances three horses' lengths, and halts ; its rear rank makes two wheels to the right, follows, and covers at the proper distance ; the remainder continue moving on, wheel- ing to the right at the same point, passing along the rear of those already formed, and forming up to the ranks to which they belong as the) come opposite their places. Frox^ Sections of Threes. ;r<» Right-about Form — The leading Three of the front rank wheels to the right, advances enough to clear the flank of the Column by half a horse's length, wheels again to its right, advances three horses' lengths, and halts ; its rear rank miuces two wheels to the right, in like manner, when it has reached the same point, following and covering at the proper distance ; the remainder continue moving on, wheeling to the right at the same point, passing along the rear of those already form- ed, and forming up to the ranks to which they belong when they come opposite their places. From Files. Right-about Form — The rear rank men check their pace till the front rank man of the File next behind comes up abreast of each ; in the mean time the leading man of the front rank wheels to the right, advances enough to clear the flank of the Column by half a horse's length, \rheels agaii* to the right, advances three horses' lengths, and halts ; the i L'mainder con- tinue moving on, wheeling to the right at the same point, passing along the rear of those already formed, and forming up to the ranks to which they belong as they c^me opposite their places. -.^^..n... i'.-A. > From Single Files. " ' "' '"*'" Right-about Form — The leading man turns to the right, advances half a horse's length, turns again to the right, advances three horses' lengths, and hal* ' '^r rear rank man midces two wheels in like manner, as he ves at the same point, fbljowin^ and covering at the prov. distaueei the remainder contmue moving on, wheeling to li ) right at the Hi CounternMrch---ljirmni»hing ihi Front, same point, pottltig Along the rfwr of those already formed, and forming up tc the ranks $o ,wluc|i they belong as tb v come opposite their places. '■">*- •X'tuX /Jy.ib '' ..»ii Man \iv ' alT -^j'aW'V ^M^<^^>-^^v^^5l tiroi> nil 'In rnjiT - , Section XVI. M -ilj ni xttWih* a»a*.lt "til in^h o COUNTERMARCH.' **' >'J'*>»'« ><«"*i : The effect of a Coimtermareh is, that the front and rear rank change places, and |;he.Iine fi:(H'»'i!« t'Mjti'Ki {„ .Th^ Squadron in line receives the caution- '.;iu , * The Squadron will Countermarch,' followed by < TTifiees Right and Left,* on which the front rank wheel * Threes right ;' and the rear rank wheel * Threes left.* On the word * March,* the leading Three of each rank advances half a horse's length and wheels to the light-about ,on its right-hund man, and the whole follow, and wheel at ^he same point, until the front and rear rank have exactly , changed places ; immediately upon which the word * JUalt, Front Dress,' is given. ,^;; ,u]vjx i .nl/r «v«i OBSr- — Whenev v i Squadron, Troop or Division counter- marches, the froiTt ?. !4r>K m variably wheel ' Threes right,' and .the rear rank < Thre«3i» ii^,' without refei:pn<:e to wluch flank ^may be the pivot. ,^j, n» i-. (';•?! '!.;» ns- nn r> i fnot ! ,!n ,h'» Section XVII. DIMINUTION AND INCREASE OF FRONT. ras) f t J) jminishing the Front from the Halt. '*' 1. Fhom Squadron to Troops — When the Sanadron is to diminish its front to Troops, the caution is given ' Advance by Troops from the right,' on which the Leader of the Right Troop, taking his post in front of the second File from the left, gives the word ' Right Trofyp Advance' On the word ''March' that Troop Advances, and, just before his right flank is cleared by it, the Leader of the Left Troop, taking post in like manner, gives the word * Left Troop — Right incline — March,' followed by ' Forward' as soon as it covers in Column. 2. From Troops to Divisions — When the Squadron standing in Open Column of Troops is to dirainish_its front td Divisions, tiie caution is given, ^Advance by JOtvisions Jroni the Right,* on which the leader of the right Trciop gfves the wwd * First Division advance' On the word * March,' formed, as thii 1 1 .ill '»'>ii*j 'H'H I '\u and reur ry way to ■ ■'■■ 1 ■■■| V * Threes H * Threos each rank light-about i wheel at kve exactly ord ' Halt, ion counter- 8 right/ and which flunk '>;i!v . V'Jilt FRONT. ialt. •» e Squadron \n^ Advaviee f the Right le from the >n the word re his right roop, taking oop — Right 1 as it cQvers isli_its front / JUfivisiom Troop gives rd *M£trcht* fiimniehmg the Fronts Hfc that IHvii^ou. »drAii«e«, and jiitt before the Hattk of Ihtt iiecond^ U 4:leiwe4 by it, be addl) ^Second Divieioti right incline — I^ar,chi* ttie \e(t, J)\y'\$iw Xteader gtvinsrihe ttodA * Farn-artT ai soon ^ it covert tbe iirajt division. The Treop tiftiader then ti^es.l^is j^roper ptace in Coluiqn, , (^ee ^. l»*d TUyisio^s advance, and the geoond and fourth jbi. .uiia^ pno^^ent. 3. If the Squadron is at once to march off ; Column of Divisions^ the caution is given * Adva < , sionsjrom the Bight.* The Squadron Leader gives t.. * Fir8t Division, Advance' — ' Remaining Divisions, Right Wheel! On the word 'ilfarcA,' the first Division move« straight forward, and the others wheel and receive from th^ir Squadron Leader the wordv< Forward! — ^then, in succes- sion, at the proper point, < Left Wheel! from their respective Troop and Division Leaders, and ' Forward! , , ;ij}i>i-'!C3i 4. FnoM Dii^siQN9 TO Threes — When the Squadron,' standing in Open Column of Divisions, is to diminish its front )t a (MNM from its ri|^ht, as laid down from the * March from rig^ ^p front*., (See p. 84.) By ^, &ie|«^s # tl^^ ; I^iyi^ojif^ |iu(,ii^t^ one Colnmn of Threes. , ;„/,' ,'!,,,,. * :- „t . i lui . J ^ 5. Fp,(3M Threes TO S^ctionsjop THREE»r-W^nen thq Squadron, ^tan^ing in Column of Threes, is tQ. diminish itp front to Sections o^ Threes, tlie caution is given * AAvance hy Sections of Threes ;' repeated by the leader of the right Troop ; and on the word * March! the leading Three of the front rank, advances straigJit ; its rear rank Threeiinclines to the left until it covers, and follows ; the remi^nder; niove ^ in succiession in the same manner, first ^a front rank Inree ai^d then a rear rank Thr.ee, alternately. The .other Trtroop mpf es off ^n due tune, by the same word from its Lepler, and in the same way. ,,;^ ,j„,,j,., ,,.,,1^ ]„„. \iy,^, ^. From Sections of Threes to FiLEs—^When^ th« Sqj^adron, standing in Column oi Sections of Threes is; to din^nM its front to Files, the caption is given * Adv^nc^.by Pite^s\ rM>eated by. the Leader of th^ yigijit Tropp. On tiie y)mA.}i^arch,\^e right-hand ni>n of the le^^liqg Thire^ advances straight, followed b^ his Centre and Leit, their rear^ X^xiis. men filing! from the right, and trotting up abreast of ^ o*C**>. v^ \\^ IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 1.1 I^|2j8 M2.5 ^ lU |2.2 lU no 1^ |1.25 ,,.4 Ui& ^ 6" — ► 'V^^*' ^. '/ Photographic Sciences Corporation ^^'^^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716)872-4503 1* ^1^ ^'i>'' ^0 r <^ C^ s» m DimimskinstlkgFrotiii, Ikkn4 Th& reMdndiMr more ^fli^ift iIm Mune ihsf, as it tond/ to #MP tafnt the other Tro»p noireg d^fii dii^ time, by ll» Mune ivord frMn its Leader, and In the same way. . ^^7. From Files to I^inoLie Files — When the $qiui4nm, tHko^^ in' File, is to diminish its front to Sing^. Files, die di^fioa is ffiven, ^Advonce by Single jFV/m,' repeati^ Wl^ LlBiBidei' of the right Troop. On the word * March! 1^ learanj^ibah df liie front raiilc advances sMghtJ liw re^r ratik^iiiaii inclines to the left, t6vet9 and IbUowy ; ffie renuutnder mure off their ground as it comes to the^ tiuii, first a front-rabk man, and wen a rear-rank maft, altiBrnately. Tkb othor Troop follows in due time, by the same word firom its Leader, and in the same way. ■ '^' 8. From Threes to Files — The Squadron breaks at once from * Tlirees' to Files, by the word * Advanpe iy Fiiett repeated by the Leader of the Right Troop. On the word * March* the Right-hand Men of the iea^l^ Threes advanoe, followed by their Centres and Lefts, the rear-rank closing to th^ front-rank. TheHlfaer Tro<^ fol- lows in due time by the same word from to Leader, and in the same way. 9; From Threes to Single File — To dimimsh aft on« frii^ Threes to Single Files, thiR cautiou is given, *Adtanee S' Singh Filest* repeated by the Leader of me RigUt Troop, n tile word * March,* the Right-hand Man of thie leading front-rank ^Section mores off, followed by his rear-rank man, who inclines to the left, corers, and follows him : the reicain- dei* more off in the «ame manner, front snid rear-railk men alternately, as it comes to their tunai. The other Troop fol- lows in due time by the same word from its Leader, and i^ the saine way. .^ Diminishiog the Front on the Move. ^t I. From Squadron to Troops— When the Squadron, oil the march, is to diminish its front to Troops, the caution is giriein * Form Tro&ps,* on whidi the Leader ofthelelfc Troop gives the words *L^ Troop Hak— -Right indHne— March* and then taking post in tront of ihe second fUe from the left, * Forward* as soon as it corers in Column/ <'^' 9* From Troops to Divisions-— When the Squadron, i^urdilng in Column of Troops, is to diminish its front to Dhliionsi the caution is giten, * Form OfmHom* on which the liiead^ of the right Troop gires the words, * Second Di- ^igSgydL HaUi Bighi indiim — Marthf and then taliMi his proper plact in Cohunti (See p. 108, AxLt] : the left Leader liie ft •Hi fill 'i I ^Itm^9atfty»jf}thiJPMU, h liAsg|ahM»dit8ieov«rii^ VThe L«Mld^r^thel^^rM#^il%' e diminished to Threes, the caution isjg^V^n if^ifftrctw^om iktf^ Rtaiht to Mfe Ptont^ followed' by- «-71re« Ri^fhi^* and each l^mimon moresi off from its rig^ as^I^ do^n'ibr the « MUrch from right to front.' (S^e p. 84.7^ ^^ " ' ' OsSr— In diminishing ^om TT^tees to Section^ ; trbv^ SJ^- tois to Pll^ s from Piles WSifaffle Pile; and frb'ni^TO tity-Fft^i ty ^6le inust'lr^t be Halted lot nh insti^tatfdlH® 'SHouldth^e b^ litfiWe J^qDsidrbtis than ope t6 pasis tbe 'd^^)c!e, the relff Squddfoii^ #il( ci^cb be piit in ihdtioil in isufficiei|t ^iiii^ m ttH he^d to b^iV^ lat the dbstkcl^ cros^ ii^eir t^^ !•'% ^"^at #liich1ai4t.^ih!yiiV«b^d \U fr6rii i it WiA theti'be'h^Ml fb)- i^M'i^stiint bnW» and' proceed in Tike hiahiiet, itiM tio '^- ^6e'iriky^b^^lo8^^^\''^'^^'r*"''*i' ^''^^ ^^•.^>'>«^>vi r,.M.ni ^KT InqreasAQ§ tbe FroDt from the Halt. '<*^**l f^epeat'- ■i, 1. Frojh Single File to ritfes — The^ S^iiadron si itir U Sitigl^ Pile, the c&dtion is giten ' iForrh FiteSy h ^Ik; each We tA^Miifag; wbbl wbqU It^rWto at the Pile which :'■ i" pROik PitiS' f O^Sl^ciiroljfi^ iJp^ l^krtEEtl*he 'ifeq^iiat i^m stiiridirig ih Fil^,' the cautibn is givdn < Form Sections df Thtees* tepeated by Troop Leaders; the leading froiit- rank |b&tn advances thi'ee horses' lengths, his rear-rfink lua^ il&YiHnes to 0ie left and tovei^ him. On the word * Match'y their Ceifitfe^ atid Liefri^ moVe tip abreast of tKem, the rematff- der follo^ajng^ and each Section of Threes forming when it arrives ftt i\kiii^ which formed last. * 8. F^ok Sections op Threes to THREEs-^Tlie Squadron 6tan(mig in l$i»ctidnc( of Threes, the caution 's giv-fin. * j^ofm ^r««v# repeated by Trti^j) Leaders ; the leadihg {roht^rapli Tift-ee advances three bor^es'lertgths, the ieaidin^ rear-ranic Tliree inclines to the i%ht ktid dresi^es up to it. O^ ibe Y(ffli^^Jlt^r^hy the rem<4Q*l^ wove off at a walk, each Three fflrm^ff when k AFrlvMial tiMMAiwIkieh formed last* 4. Prom Threes to DivisiONS'-^The Sf[«MdroB stttnfdi* h3 T'ji^s'l.'ss;.. f¥ ^nmrnftg^ PmnU* tN( in Thiieei» die isvatioii is given, < Fwrm DwkioHu,* ircfwM l^y IVoop Lewievsi Qn the word *Marehi* the IjywWng fr)[Mit^f«ppk section of eadi Division ndvimoes three hwser lenffths end halts ; the remainder of each Diviaieniin- elining and forming on their own leading sections in the 'manner kid down for the Formation to the Front firom Thirees.* 5. From Divibions to Troops — The Squadron standing kr Column of Dividons, the caution is given, * Form TVoqAi/ The leader of the right Troop gives the word * First JMrn- J«MMi Advance—Second Division l^ incline;* and the • Leader of the left Troop, * Third Division advance'-— Fourth Division left incline * On the word * March,* the first; and third Divisions advance three horses' lengtiis, and receive iiro^ tiieir Troop Leaders the word * Halt, Dress/ The Aeoond and iburtii Divisions indine to the 'left, and receive prom thnr rig^t Leaders the word * Forward,* when tbf right jillank id uncovered ; and * He inofofted to Sections of Threes, receives the word ' Form SeeUm/y' Tkrtet* repeated by Troop Leaders, who add the word * Troi* The leading front-rank man walks steadily fdr#ar^ and his centre and left trot np upon his left, l>e leadllig rear-rank man checks his pace, inclines and coireM his :^at rank, while his Centre and Left- trot into fli^ir plaeci oil J^s lefti The remainder move on at a trot, each TnrciO'ftitttiinj§^ as it arrives at those which fwmed last, and then d^j[ into ^ walk. ffiO'**' >,«£, • 8. FkoM Sectioks of Thre«s to TfTREES— The Iron arrivihg in Sections of Threes at the spot y^^fji'ttfe froM k to be increased to Threes, receives the Wbird '^Jro^ ^Thurees* rt^eated by Troop Leaders, who ako) ai^d the word ^Trj*»i^* »+>i?»ltHpr: -*riHm»itb*fe(w ^\ 4. From Files to Threes— The Squitdrbn fornip 1^ «nce from Files to Threes by the word * P&nm Tkreei* ti^ peated by Troop Leaders, who add the word < TVo^^'dh wlm^ the leading Three of the front rank form as bei^e directed ; the right of 1 iu*ees of the rear rank inclines a y^ to the right, the centre moves straight forward, the 1^ in- clines a yard to the left, and both form np to the right of Threes, and dress by the front rank. The, remunder move up in file, and form in the same manner. , > 5. From Threes T*i»iw.^*y -.v^x.*^i-jwa. »..» j'u*^.'-«:-»-« ,-•6 Advance i^fthe Squadron. i. ..fpcreiuied't^ iTvoqMr reoblTiM the word *Fank 'Brmt*mi ^Wil^lQtl;tb9')R%ht Tirp«p Leader giY« the word I < S^omd >jl^^ffiiti(^..i^tmoHnt^ ^Brot^ Hod the Left Troop Leader 'gives his word in like manner to the Fourth JDiiiBieai. > xAs . tli|^ PiyifaMig cpme w/^ith t|te first and thixdt.i;^h«aon- j pae t^ F^k steacPjr^rward, their Ti^ht Leaders riyei Afi ^ff^gt^^^Jporward,* md,* Wgifty when, jq line ^it^ I^ Um- '— '^ mmioiif Ti^p. Leaders plape theuiii|eljire8,^i^||ere i^ wnkji wm fprire, to i|ee tMt tJie men dress. t» fbe M/M i-lA %^>¥j^om TB^lffttrQ!S«9jA»iwoN.^The 9quildfoilarrhinv ^1^ f#lH|nMi Off; Troops at the spot where it is intendcid to fmai .^Sgjljid^qi repeives the.cnutioA,* F»rm Squadron/ on>;whiah me Left Troop Leader gives the word * Left TroapL^Left ir.r^m i^Wy ff^'J^H?. ¥»e moment ,t(»0 SquadpWV* t|i^^|{ifi^^,^Tr^P Leaders raiiBt take postiin^frontp^fh* >>^ f 4 FnOMtiDlYJSioKs To<8QiFADRON'^Th4 Sqiwdroirinitiiii' }«P|^ ^ft,l(i!oliiiMntf{Os$— ^When tJie. increasing of front is performed by < the jSqniMlron- marching at a tiM>t, lira Troop Leaders give* j the .WOKd*X7^ojo' instead of 'TVo^A and « 7Vo<^ insteadi 6f < Walk,* but this rate must not be attempted till complete .Steadiifeias has been attained* Gret^t care must be ta^en in ail; these exercises, tbat the rear do not move up the least f^ter than the regular pace ordered* .,5'r*««rfi'S'*OT|Wi«iKin rt inH ^ tindil Oik/ f>«'fh>"'K-l tjauiT -|||Pf- Hih ttii (1)^- .«!> '> '■ ' ". ^ ' • '"'j't '-»dl «t»-i*4ir«»t JWH>3i;actr It iHth the Squauron Leader, and preservO the regulated QStanoe from him ; and, it will be the duty of th|e Serreilles to watdi over the movements of the rear rank, as well as tfat^ opeoii^ out or dosing in of the front. , u $^< Attention of the Standarp-bearer or Centr^ Man— The attention of the standard-bearer, or centre ma% is to keep half a horse's length from the Leader ; to follow him exactly ; and to slacken or quicken his pace, according to the words of comman4 or directions he receives. Any alteration must be gradual, as hurrying or springing .for- wird would occasion a shake in the Squadron. 6. Attention of the : RANKS^-Tho attention of the rest of the Squadron should be invariably fixed towards the cen- tra r but each man and horse must b8| » fciH ^y squte^ teethe hMiiti tho dreMing being preserved br a glance of the^ii. The flanks of the Squadron are to be k^t father bnok, mA aoTor on any account before the centre; "' l^e distanee of files, in this as in all other cases, if tid^n and preserved frotn the dressing pd^t. This is more bnitte- diately the business of the front rank. The irear raids, at the same time that they dreis to their centre, cover theii^-file 'teaders.' ' 7. AiiirBitii'fi^N «if Dkiii^^ ma^ i» the dirijcto of in» S«t'^H^ ^ l^aAi^ sfi^i00f ¥K •* H >l lll ll »> . llll l l — ^" ?s duuMTO 18 eiected. But any defects of an mavanoe in line are "^"'WKitf'^ifri^iktf^te'iikteblri^^ 'ih'»CJ^, J>'ifcr4 8. Filing from the RiGHt of Three^S — While, the Oydton^ia aimkdMy in Iftie, lethool^ aotttethnieirb^ j^l^i- •edl»Hi*itfeiidfg>«ff Ihmi tlie r%ht M Threif^s for tlke'MlfMbi« tii iMMinr 9wiet' n^ogH' or brbken gvoand; iThe' <#oM%fH IM gi^en, * Single Files from the right of Thre^ .^ iifi^il '#Mdi ^^.^ ri|(h|;-luufd miw of each ^ont rank aection ,<^tii|9e8 movmg jpiu foUOjWed ;by Ins rear rank.^an^^, (^n^i^md Lefts or both r||^.k8.,eheckiip|^. their paee,; i^puning tp A^m^ fjffht, and nlling into 'tile as they gf|t room, 1^^ rig)ii^,9f Threes must carefully preserve the ^ressinff, as welLas l^e nrteHUs irbieh are iHwe by di(l$' Centres ana lefts' Wjm back. The SiiK\ 'tiit Hunt i^Tp^u*A '"»«n«f»l « ikil q*»'>ii oi w IN^tRirCXtON OF THE SQUABBON* FOa^/ ,j jjlthpuy^ flWMf wtew wiigle. SmwidBon idciesi not f)pportiimj^j;fG)i;{ atttaioing a jpeifdct knowledge ofrthe iJll^v^infent^ j»C^ iB^fuiieol in tHeiiel4)itl vi4U;t«ev!c«tlkelfiiif, ^ a£ford the means of ihori^ughly instrul;(MBigi ba«d uii^^ J9 fb« iVDgripifoif 4{i6tiWfitiAa qniM^jinay . be; gained >by (NM»doiudly forming the Squadron in rank entire, a&4rivuioiif } ft inip bp obioi hjr Officers (or NonrComiyiUmOQed Ofl^oeirf» n there ,^.^- ^^ •, "^^ent no*i»Mr of tfciB ^ ; aiid>hef%^ tm nmt pe^ tiken that . the fluuik mpip ^rfstenre the «m ek^f ^f Tpnt wMch t^ev^ IHTlsipmi ^»]|r be •opj^osM ^ fo iksdvipY, iUkd which should be t^e fame as the oon^Jldw SqufMtron. An opportunity will thus be srorded of praqgku^ i^imd instrocHng any nuniber of Offio^ and Noii-coin-! imkmed Officer*. . i '3. The Forniatiqhji 'i^boiild be made alteriiiitiety upon eitlieif Shuftdi^, the re^ii|ar . wi^rds of commtwd braiig |iiven in tf^ sfinie' ihAhner as for a reaniiQeht of two Squa^ns. ! , t , „,4f ^tK,$^iia4roi^ and Tropp' lieadivijB must be t«vtght«ito gl^nc9|;lMJ(r.eyef 6c^ to bot^ fli9ik»jof the bodies Ihey opmmano, that they may, notice any i^i^ttention in the rajiks. S^refiles must allow i^,,9^desfy|jBi^,pf^Jr^ar ra^ unobserved. ■•' » 5. Upon the caution being given for a Movement, the Base should be instantly -|>laeed. Each Squadron Marker should have a thqrongli^. knowledge c^the direction in iiidch he is to look for the point he is to drefi|s upon ; it is of advan- tiBge ttlso, that, in taking his post, he should turn his horse in su^ ft manner as to keep the Base always in view. '**^ ^*^^^*': : 6. The practice of the Squadron retiring from both ttanics iA< Cohnhn of Threes, (or of Bmsions when strong enough) attisr an attadi: in Line, is vei ^lecessary. | ' Sonhedegree of coiifusion i^ idn .ost inevitable after a Chargl^ ahd Im exercito shewing the means by which oi>der is restore ed id therefore useful ; for wbich purpose, a Squadron should OecasHmally be directed to disperse after a Charge at Field Day^r and ag^n rally to the Front, Hear. toS^'^Flank, at a Tni^* Signal. ' "■ ■ ■'"' <*- :^h-;w>^*-»-';^ '''^ <'•'_'>•» ^ 7^ ' Tl^b practice of ptsmounting to uci on foot^ of S^y|| ni^iig, itnia Outpost duty, must also be attended to., ' ,: !r llirSTRUCTtON OP YOUNG OFFICERS. ** ^'1'!^' ^r^ai i^nsjmiist ]^ ta|!:cMa ia the instruction <^ Officers in'W#Y de^ of i^eir exeoutlyfi duly in the field. Tho Ifirb^ IJi^fers musilcMpj^u^ tir^iied to the utmost ooi^r suffiiaenf %ir tSe Ifi^nactor tdT tHT a yo^ng Officer what he i^^^^iiOtiv VorfM. ^^^^ 8F a^^"* k to do ; bni ho thoii^ plooe altern shopM be ooeaaioiiany colW fMA ^ rtin^y #^ reqvirod to ^ive the general worf# <)^ttiiiuid under lii4^ Inttractor's direction. A Subalteniu Ad to be ordered t^ pUoe the. Bate and to luperintend the MiHtMii generidly. ,,j^.' For the pvrpqie pf inftmcting Officers to more emaU bodies with facility into a new Position, a Base is. to be plac- ed .at a certain distance from the Squadron, to r^resent the n^w Alignment, in front, on either flank, or in thereart Th^ Officer k then to be directed to lead the Squadron into this Alignment, by enteriiur it d^er at a front or rear point, •nd then fbrminff line. Ftor variety of practice, the new Position should be marked at various angles with the old oii#r The Squadron maymove in column, either of Troops, iMvislons, or Threes, for this practice. '17 J')*fr ^e ^m"*^ aMil^ %'"^ off in to •hew yciaW uteniif «nd the efOMll bepJae- lent the le rear, ron into tr point, he new the old Troops, e abroad, the men smount- ve their a short At the rith the vkM, or bridle- ingob- iked to coUar- fforses, duty, a horses. to your it their l%be, off Dumovn t 9 d Smviet* 101 iide> the left files rein back their horses to the stated dJstaaee, and the whole step in to their horses, proeeed with the nsoal motions ip the manner directed, and, when mounted, iastea the coUar-rttn or ohain* J 4. Should the files, on any occanon of dismounting, be doubled up without the horses being linked, the above in- structions with regard to mounting will apply, excepting that the men fall in, fronting the same way with their horses, and that at the word * Prepare to mounts* the left files step for- ward, ftce iheir horses, and proceed to rein them back, the right files focing to the right when they are clear. % ^ Section XXII. "^ ;!; \ ■ DISMOUNTED SERVICE. ^ 1. < Wiik Carbines, Prepare to Diemotmt:— -The front rank adrancee a horse's lencth and halts ; after a mementos pause, the centre men of Threes, of both ranks, move for- ward a horse's length, and the rights of Threes ease off half a yard to the left, for room to dismount. The right and left men of threes swivel their carbines, and (having unbuckled ,the straps) shift them to the near side. ' 2. * Dismount — The rights and lefts of Threes dismount, and leading up their horses, give them to the centre men, and then ^Dok or stn^ up their swords. Durii^ the time they remain dismounted, their carbines are not to be un- swivelled. 8. * Front Form, Quick March* — The frt>nt-rank move on in <|inck time, with arms at tiie trail, and dose in to the m tjbe centre, file in double ouick time, with traded arms, round the flanks of the front rank horses, and form at one yard dis- tance behind the front-rank men. The Squadron will then 8. When the Skirmishers receive from their Troop Leader the word * Commence Firing^' — the front-rank man of each File kneels and fires independently with a deliberate aim, and then loads his carbine as quickly as possible. The rear rank instantly runs forward twenty paces beyond the front rank, and fires in the same way, obswving, however, as a rule that no man must fire till his comrade behind him ia loaded, . and Juis given him the word * Beady in a low voice. . f : 9* When the whole are to retire, the Squadron Leader j^ves the word *Aboutt repeated by Troop Leaders. If there has been any command to * Ceaaefirmg% the Sldrmish- -ers.faoe about, and retire in the same order aa they happened .to be standing ; but if there has been no sudi command, they retire by alternate ranks, firing, the same as when advaadi^, talung care that both ranks are never unloaded af the same V time. The rank which has fired last must not b^;in kadhw until the men have passed the rank behind them ; because n •is always an object to clear the frcmt quiddy for the rank iwhich is loaded. ' ' 10. When the supporting Tro has retired to within flnrty yards of the-borses, it halts, fronts, and waits the arri- val of tiie Skirmishers^ who close in as they retire, and form ' upon %» support. The whole are foced to the r^ht-abi^ 'v«tMn^4ai quick time, and receive the word */Vm io Jtokt Mwe$! — ^the rear-rank then tummg outwards iniete in . -' i 1 DiankhuUed Serviet* 103 double quidc time, and the whole run at once to the front of their hones, and take the reini from their centre men, whd then move forward a hone'i length, and the others unhook their swords and stand ready to mount ; the right of Threes having inclined their horses hi4f » y vd to the left, to get room for the purpose. IK * 3foutU*-^The Right and Left men of Threes mount th^r horses, and d^ess up to the Centre men ; the rear rank takes close order, and me men who have been dismounted stn^ and unswivel their carbines. It may sometimes be expedient for the Support and Skirmishers to mount without any previous halt or formation, which must be efiected as •x|»editH>«fly as possible. : ' : : : r IS. Dismounted skirmishers and supports act upon the word * HijffU or Left Half turn,* when required to gain mund to dthet ihuik. When they fit^ to halt, die whole Joi^ ^ lie down, accordii^ to drenmstances. 13. Every man should be instructed to take advantag* # dM) (Aelter of bashes, trees, ditdies, &Cn witliout too much riBgard to the r^ularity of dressing or interval, the front wid rear rank of ea<£ file Ming accustomed to act in concert, and protect each other, by alternate loading and firing. ,^ "" 14. To attack a bridge or narrow pass, the men of the ddrmislung Troop close inwards as they approach it, and rwi on quickly upon the point of attack, while the supporting Troop extends, and opens a fire along the banks of the stream or fluiks of the defile, to cover their advance ; or else fbUows eksely in a compact body, should the ground not ndtrinot its fii^ beinff usefiiL Tlie nroment thei Skvmishera have deared the defile, they esctend as before* 15. To retire through a pass, or ovor a bridge, the snpport- .iffg Troop retreats finrt;, and then extends, to cover by m.fii^e J^ ,i;etreat of the Skirmishers, who take care not to.okMe until very near the bridge or narrow passagev Aci so(Kikt«s iiUh^Ye gone put, the Skirmishers extend ,fp.^o|re,vaiid the Support closes and acts m resemre* jffli. 5^11 iuvMii ttsiAiit^ib iyyk^ •trtin •.). 4 .lUsiUu^ui i(aiM>.i,yHi ^aivn ^'T-zni^r^t^- ,';,'-■.„ vr/«-« :--■-■' "'^.^■.^:t^"^"--:. i-'-'i^. I I ^ikx^. 4 "^ B.EGIMENT. ^INSTRUCTION W TERMS OF FORMATION AND MANCEUVRK. "l' ■ .... ^ % <^ l?aiiA — Two or more Soldiers placed side by nde. A File — Two Soldiers placed one behind the other when 'Ibmied in ranks, but dlnreast wh^n marching in file. » A Single File — The front-rank man marching Atfiy* 'followed by his rear-rank nMu^-^'^-*^^^**^^^^*^^^'^-'.'*^ k-m'^^-n -^' Threes— ^Six. men abreast, bdng three of the front rank and three of the rear rank. ^ Sections of Threes — Three men abreaslt, each rear-rank Three following its front rank. Subdivision — The half x>f a Division. i: wmii^ 'n.i:vmp 0t> ? Division — The fourth part of a Squadron. Divisions are ivombered 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th from the right. Divbion Js also frequently used as a general term for a body of troops. Troop — The half of a Squadron. Troops are caUed Right ^it#Bd Left in Each Squadron, -u-fi-i u;,,;*^ .»*??; ^j-st--^fi''^*'i": .ul - ^' ' Squttdro7t—^Two or more Squadron! oompdie a R^niint. •*' Squadrons are called 1st, 9nd, 8rd, &c., counting from llie i'^ht of the R^ment. ^'' Close Order — The ordinary distance at which jthe rear irank is formed behind the front r»nk.-'^ " *^>^^**'^^*^ ^ > Order — The increased distance taken by the rear rank on I fome occasions of parade. , 4 Froni^^The direction towards which the line faces when j^^,formed. Distance equal to the Front — The distance from flank to flank. Jk^ — Distance from front to x^9f% ■»S7 «■ i Ternig of Mdnmmre, 105 ''' 'Point ofForlfiMiion w Appui — Any fixed object or miurk- er upon which a body of troops is diriected to oommeiice itb fbrmatiqii iiito line; ^;^-"V''-''''^-'' ', • • ' '■'' i^mj .rnr* T%e Biue Squadrotit Troop, qr Division-^li 1|he one upon which a Formation is made. ' \ , .' ■. ,x t Charge of Front — Is when the Line throws lorwarcl or retires adier of its flanks, or throws forward one and retires the other, upon a Base Troop which merely wheels without lea^ng its ground. Change of Position — Is when the Line moves altogether off its ground, advancing or retiring one of its flanks. Inversion — A Reg^ent is said to be inverted when the Squadrons are not in their natural order, the right Squadron b«ing on the left, and the left on the right, as for instance when *h*i Squadrons entire have wheeled to the right or left about. ' .!«i'*i*F'"'!fei'>l, i'VT^"'' 'I'tfW'nm at y«"^c-^i '.•..ii>_»#f«-r''i;*i' Column-— la when the Line is broken into several parts, each following exactly behind the other. .. - , ,^,^ . Direct Echellon — Is when the Line is broken into several parte, moving direct to the front or rear in succession, thus : Vi ftMi' '^j.K'-'^ryiitii' : - :,;«■ ^^ . : ■.-'^£-> • ■■.< ,!nS^l ,#: ,-./>;::> ; t.«-T x >?i , -•?''> J f !«■" mmt ' Alignment — A straight fine drawn between two g^en dis-^ tant points, or in prolongation of two contiguous pomts giveii as a l^ase, upon wUch a body of troops Is to mardk or lorm^ - Pivot — The outward man en that flank of a Sonadron oir sniall^ body upon which that body turns w irheett«|;^ ' ^ p« '"'3^ ■''^'!T^*'='"'i^^'^flj'V^^?^"'-". ' i.; .ft, ^ M ,pi$ianeet*i t , . Tkeptopet Pivot Flank — In Column, is that which if the directing han<|r and which, when wheeled up to, presenres each part of the Une in its natural order ; thjB other is called the Reyerse Flank, Therefore in all cases' when the rig^ is in front, the left is the pivot, and vice versft. Fixed Pivot — Is when the flank man during a wheel turns upon his own ground. Moveable Pivot — Is when the flank man during a wheel describes a portion of a circle, more or less considerable* * , ' • ■ '.■■,"';^i. ' ■ ' ■'. .4r«»itv DISTANCES AND lSTW»:yAlS.:m^'l: ^_ . . . . , . ..,.,_,... 1. From one borse to another when marching i]\ file— - One yard. /',:;-.,-;_:f;:.:r;f:^/^ r_':,.}| .....^^.:' .| ^-.^^..^N 2. From front ruik to rear rank at close order — Half a horse's lenirth. , • i . v, > . < . : 8. From front rank to rear rank at * Order* in line — Four horses' length. 4. From front rank to rear rank when marching past in Open Column, one fourth of the extent of front ; in no case, however, exceeding twelve yards. 5. From one Troop to another in Close Column — One horse's length. 6. From one Squadron to another in Close Column — Two horses' lengths. 7. From one Reg^ent to another-in a general Close Co- lunin of Squadrons — Four horses' lengths. 8. From one Rqriment to another in a general Close Co- lunm of Troops — Two horses' lengths. 9. From one Squadron, Troop, or Division to another in Open Column — The extent of front of each Squadron, Troop, or Division ; this distance taken from front rank to front rank ; the leading Squadron, Ttoop, or Division allowing a Squadron interval in addition. ^. , 10. From one Renment to another in a generij Open ,Column, no additional distance is to be taken. .. , ; ^ri^.t j,y 11 . The depth of two ranks, taking the length of th6 full*' •tiaed cavalry horse at eight feet, and tbe distance between iranksat fi)||ir f|^& '^t^hfjlp^ii^^ i>bout twenty j^.,. IrUervaU — Fgmaiign ttf(he Begiment* Intervals. 107 , 1. Between I^es when formed in Squadron— -Six inchet from knee to knee. ~tt ■ 2. Between Half open Files— Eighteen inches from knee 3. Between Open Files^About one yard from knee to knee, or the space produced by the reining back of every al- ternate File. ^ r3r' 4* Between Squadrons in line — The fourth part of the front of a Squadron. - ^> -, ■ •■* > -^ ■ ,-♦ 5. Between Regiments in line — iNfo additional intorva], except what may be required for the Band and Staff in Pa- rade Order. »!>=•.■ 6. Between Regiments in contiguous Columns-— In g^ie- ral the same as between Squadrons in line, unless an addi- t^nal interval should be required for any particular obj^t. ^7. The extent of Front of a Squadron is to be calculal;^ at about as many yards as it contains Files. ■' -.r.i'im'*^'' ^t m^m. ■vimifi'^* ^^''■' *- '' ''' "••■ ■ •>•■'•-'»»••• ■»* »-^.- . ! h. u I !!ftL FdRMATlON OF THE REGIMENT. ■,y ^^' The Squadrons, are formed and told off as detailed in Chapter VI., Sec. xii. p. 79, 80, 81, and are placed accord- ing to their numbers, that is, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, counting from the right. i>«f-'-|iU"**^.,a^ w .1 ; 1 . POSTS OF OFFICERS. ^*-*- 1 . In Line the Squadron Leader is in front of the centre of his Squadron ; the Squadron Serrefile in rear of it ; Troop Xea4eri in front of the centre of their Troops ; Troop Ser- ir^filea in rear of them. , i ,| '■' 2. In the Open Column and ObUqUe Echellon of Trbbps Hie Squadron Leader superintends the movements of both hi! Trooper Troon Leaders are in front of the second Sle from the pivot ot directing flank, to which point they move, on the completion, of th^ wlupel frpm Line into Column or .'^i ■,>i.i's»«| «»« ,?»'• ^t^iij ?pr ai vejui uijM ^mtftfivJ ,.,y,- ( n 3. In similar movemento by DiTiiions, Troop Leaders take post in the same manner in front of the second file from the Pivot or directing flank of the 1st and 4th Divisions ; but when the Squadron is marching by Divisions of less than twdve files for Column of Route, Troop Leaders are on tiie Pivot flanks of the Leading Divisions of their Troops. ) 4. In Close or in Open Column of Squadrons, the Squa- 'dron Leaders are at a horse's lengdi front the Pivot flank. and in line with the Troop Leaders. The Troop Leaders are in front of the centre of their Troops, the Serrefiles in . rear of them, on the same alignment as the Troop Leaders of the next Squadron, at half a horse's length from each to^ wards the centre of the Column. The Adjutant, covered by the Regimental Marker, is to be on the Reverie ^^unk (^f the Squadron at the head of the Column.* * " 'V'- ' * V' 5. When a Close Column is formed of Troops or Divi- rions, the Troop Leaders are half a horse's length from the 'flank of the Pivot file, in line with the front rank ; eadi Squadron Leader at a horse's length interval from tlie Officer of his leading Troop. The Serrefiles on the rey^rse 6. In movements by Threes, each Troop Leader is on the Pivot flank of his Leading Threes, except when an Open Column of Troops takes ground to its flank, or when Open Column is formed from Line in front of a named Troop, on which occasions he leads in front of the Pivot of his Leading ^Threes. ,.r.., ,..,.,, i.,,^ i^, ,i,„, u^-n .'i • .-i>^ ..r/ ^«!ji4"^- 7. When marching by Files, the Troop Leader is on the Rvot flank of his Leading File. 8. The Squadron Leader, in all cases where his post is not spedally laid down, moves wherever he can best superintend lus men, and can best be heard by them. .f!'.n.t.« . ^••'rJ •'U ^l,L-vj I J' '.. ^,.„'., ,,: COMMANDS. .^^ ; ;,%;ii!^^^ »« i*> 1. All Commands must be given in a firm, loud, and ex* plicit tone ; every Officer must therefore be accustomed to give such commands, even to the smallest bodies, in the full extent of his voice ; he must not only be heard by such bodies 'as are immediately under hui orderi, but also by the Leadert of others who are dependent on his motions. "^'^ ^ For details ngwdlnc Offloera' Poato In the JOeplojrment 9fi^^0m Colwnn, and alto hi iti flank Movemeirt, ace p. 136, 1S7. ."*«' General RtUef, '^J^'- 109 ■ rtst ' 2. Commands of Executioii should be short and distinct ; and repeated as quickly as possible. S. The Commanding Officers of Regiments give and repeat att general comniands. When a movement is to be execut- ed, they are to g^ve the General Caution, which is immedi- ately to be repeated by the Squadron Leaders,* who then proceed to g^ve the preparatory words necessary for execut- ing the movement indicated by the General Caution. When this is completed, the Commanding Officer du'ects the Trum- pet to sound the pace at which the Movement is to be made ; the Squadron Leaders announce the pace as a caution, by the word iValkj Trott or Galiopt and the executive word March, from, the Commanding Officer (repeated also by the Squa- dron Leaders,) puts the whole into motion. , , ,4. When the Troops composing a Squadron are to move 'br wheel in the same manner and at the same time, the com- mand is ^ven by the Squadron Leader ; but when differently or successively, the command is given by each Troop Leader. >., . ,-^t.^^'v.:..-^ ^^..* ,,^-^ * - . f ^, . . ■ /I .■ ; ■.-::. '■ . ' ■ ■ ■ ■ ij^^;i'-^'i '>*? *v ..if,, .■^„T^.-A'»ii«'k- Jil.„.. GENERAL RULES. 'fu:fmf01 'i. -?^*v: 1. No Halt is made after a preparatory wheel, but the movement proceeds by the word Forward being given, when the Troop or Division has wheeled into the required direc;- tion. m «^«i 2. In all changes of direction of the open Column of a less degree than the quarter circle, the wheel will be made on the ..moveable pivot by the words Might or Jjeft Shouiders, fol- :^wed by Forward, 8. In like manner the Close Column can change its direo- tion to the amount of the quarter circle, by the same words of command. But the change of direction in Echellon For- mations will be made by the word Right or Left for the de- gpree of wheel required, followed by the word Forward, as soon as the Troop or Division is parallel to the New Line. 4. All wheels of the Squadron^ Troop, or Division, i^om the Halt (unless otherwise ordered) are to be made at lAie rate of the Trot of manceuvre. ■' [^ 5. When the .Troops of a Squadron have to wneel about inwards, the pace of tne Troop which wheels from the halt ;.• * When a Regiment is in Close Column, the general commands f^vcn ,i^ the Commandinf OAp^ ""^f ^ Wf^"^ ^^ Squadron Xe«4«^ ,- :^ .^vifeA_at,;t^iM>..;.. no Markeri and Dressing. if to be regulated by tliat of the Troop which has advanced, to that, in all cases, the Pace of both the wheeling flankii it the game. 6. After wheels of a body previously in movement, llie ■former rate of march will be resumed at the word ForwanL 7. When retiring in Line the Serrefile Officers lead, but do not otherwise command. 8. When retiring in Open Column or Oblique Echellon of Troops by Threes abouty the Troop Serrefiles lead in front of the 2nd File, the words of command still proceeding from the Troop Leaders. Each Pivot Leader turns about singly, liMl rides on the Hank of his rear rank. " :^ ' ^■'■■^*- 9f Squadron Leaders wiU attend to the proper preserva* tion of distances in Open Column, and to the exact covering of the Pivot Files ; and the Leader of the leading Squadron is also answerable that the bea4 TrQoo m Xyiymiim is $0||«> ducted m a true durection. ' , • , . ' 10. Should the passage over broken gfround, or some sudb casual circufiistance, have deranged the covering of the pivots, the Commanding Officer will cause them to be corrected previously to wheeling into line. 11. The centre Squadron, or (if the numbers be even) the 'right centre Squadron, whether the Line consist of one or more Regiments, is to be the Squadron of Direction, unless 'any other Squadron is specially named by the Commanding Officer. 12. Although it is laid down that all movements should be made from the Halt, yet it is recommended that Regiments should be occasionally practised in making every practicable Change when in Movement. In such cases the Markers •may be dispensed with. if ^nfrjs 4# iii'il -•io'l mAi' It . u '*Ti 1-;. M J.mimii'Ui: » "i'.* i?4l -jt'UV if -ifiV MARKERS AND DRESSING. < <> mm ^ 1. The Markers to be employed for R^imental Move- ments are the Adjutant, the Regimental Serjeant Major, and one non-commissioned Officer for each Squ|idron. TIm .Troop Leader of the Base Troop is on all occasions employ- ed to mark the Bhsh rif tht. intended Lihs. and ia irAiiArallv jL^tU€, nuu ss g;;&e7i IV placed by the Squiidron Leader. ttv^S. In all dressing in line the Squadron and Troop Leaders wiU face their Squadrons, and the Alignment will be taketi 11 ^^:A^.jdl. Euncedt uikiiis nt^the rtoartL : id, bill f shellon a front gfrom singly* eserva* iverii^ [uadroB is Gon* netudi ) pivota, wrected iren) the p one or unleae nsmding lonld^ tgimento icticable Maikers \y '-**^_ d Move- ajor, find n. The I employ » Leaders beUikeii ■';,i«f?W(P' •"■?■■"'"' ' ■ V ■ i(.J- :"^v^_,v,i- A^ •^r>■ Marker* and Dre$ting* iff np within half a foot of their horses' heads. When the dress- ing is completed, the Officers resume their posts half a horse's length in nront of their Squadrons. '^^'^^ ■*> 3. When the Regiment is to be accurately dressed, for mirposes of Parade or otherwise, the caution is given Sy the iSqu€idron of Directiofiy Dress. The Leader of the Squa- dron of direction advances with his Troop Leaders one horse's length ; they turn to the right about ; and the Troop Leaders raise their swords to give a Base, which is then cor- rected by the commanding Officer, or Officer appointed ; all Officers on the right and left move up and turn their horses right about, and take up their dressing. On the word Martin repeated by Squadron Leaders, the men move steadily up, with eyes to the centre of their Squadrons. When the dress- ing is completed, on the word Eyes Fronty repeated by Squadron Leaders, the whole of the Officers turn their horses right about, and move up half a horse's length. 4. Should only a slight correction of dressing after an ad-> vance in line be required, it may be eflected by the Troop Leaders of the Squadron of Direction raising their sworcb for the Base (but without turning their horses about) on the Alignment on which it stands, the Commanding Officer giving (he word On the Alignmentj Dress, 5. When a Division, Troop, or Squadron is merely to cimN root its dressing by its own directing flank, the word Dress is employed ; but when it is to move up bodily, and take 'up its dresang from a previously formed line, the command to b^ given is Dress up — ^for instance, when an Open Column forms line on its leading Troop, that Troop, after advancing tlie prescribed three horaes' lengths, is halted, and receives the word Dress, but the remaining Troops, successively halt- ing short of the Alignment, are moved up to it by the com- mand Dress up. 6. In successive Formations of Line, each Squadron Leader will give the word JSyes Front, as soon as his own Squadron is properly dressed, and the Officers of the next are arrived upon the Alignment ; upon this word the Officers front, and move up to their posts at half a horse's length from the Raidcs, the Marker goes to the rear, and the men look to their front ; but the Base Officer and Marker invariably remain posted until the whole Regiment is formed^ In case of the first formed Squadron being required to act immediately, as may sometimes occur on service, the next Squadron g^ves the Base for those not yet arrived on the line. :.,.r^^^iSik^^ '. '-r iia Markers and Dresainff^ I 7. Officers and Markers employed in giving Bases for liines, raise the hilts of their swords to the height of the cheek, keeping the blade perfectly upright, and with the edge to the front. Markers for the covering of Columns turn the edge sideways. 8. A Marker should in general move out from his Squad- ron just time enough to take his dressing from the Basoi before the Squadron arrives on the line. . 9> In Changes of Front from Line, and in Formations of Line from Open Column, the Base consists of the Leader of the Base Troop and the Marker of the Squadron to which that Troop belongs. This Marker, immediately upon the caution, places himself, with his sword rused, facing to where the flank file of the Base Troop will stand, after it shall have wheeled or moved up ; and the Leader of that Troop quits Ills post the moment he has given the preparatory command to his Troop to wheel or move up, and places himself, with his sword raised, facing to where the centre of his Troop will arrive. Both he and the Marker remain fixed till the line is formed. The Leader of the Squadron, from which the Base is thus given, goes to the outside of the Base, the moment he has repeated the Caution, to see that it is in its proper direction. Having corrected it, if necessary, he places himself quickly in line with it, facing to where the centre of his Squadron will arrive. Meantime the Adjutant, or Officer appointed, rides, immediately upon the caution, Xq the Base placed by the Leader of the Squadron from which it is given, and sees that the Leaders of the other Squadrons and Troops dress correctly upon it as they arrive in line. The Markers of all but the Base Squadron take up the outer points as their Squadrons approach the line; each remains stationary till his Squadron is dressed, and goes to the rear immediately that the Squadron Leader gives the word Eyes Front. 10. In forming Close Column, the Base for the covering consists of the Marker of that Squadron on which the For- mation takes place, and the Serjeant Major ; who are placed by the Adjutant, immediately upon the Caution, facing to the Pivot Flank of the intended Column. 11. In Deployments, and all other Movements from Close Column, the Base consists of the Regimental Marker and the Marker of thiU; Squadron upon which the Deployment or the Movement takes place, who are placed by the Adju- tant immediately upon the Caution, at one horse's length from the head of the Column. -" f * (t ■-;«»« V- . for ht of the with the Columns 8 Squad- the Basey '•si .* ■ ■ ladons of eader of to which upon the to where shall hare roop quits command self, with lis Troop id till the om which Base, the It is in its essary, he ivhere the Adjutant, ;aution, to -om which Squadrons 'e in liiie. ke up the ine; each id goes to gives the i covering the For- are placed feeing to rom Close nrker and eployment the Adjn* ingth fr^^ffi MarkkmrndDrMim^ IW 12. In deplbjrmmit; oti irat S^«iiib4 mirkem more out siiQcessively, and in sufficient timojto enjiure one olrlJi^ bjndg always arrived at his post, a Sqtaij^pn's length in 'w^' vfUBce of whatever Squadron has to mafiph along the ae^tt^* alignment. ,,,,} .„.,Im* vuiti v-.i^t .-h^iHr'.YoU - ' w^J '13^ When a Rc^meht- in Open Colnma enters « distm . ' Position, the Adjutant marks the point of entry. . 14. When a Colunm chaises its direction, the Adjutant marks the point where such change is made. If the Chulgei \ are frequent, the Serjeant Major is to assist him. .. i 15. When a Line is ordered to Change Front on a fliak^ ' no Troop or Squadron is to be named in the Caution', IfU svch diange is to be made on the flank Troop of the Line^i which will give the Base accordingly. 16* In Changes of Front on a Central part of the Lino»> the particular Squadron must be indicated ; and it is tliMl'> understood that if the Change of Front is to the right, the right Troop ; but if to the left, the left Troop of that Sqofii- dron gives the Base. 17. In Formations of Line on a central part of an Open Column, the intended Squadron must be named in the catttio^' ; • , and if the Formation is to the front, the Leading Troop ; bill ^ if to the rear, the rear Troop of the named Squadron f^r^ the Base. '| .13. In Changes of Position, the Base consists of thd Ad- . jiittot and Serjeant Major, who are placed by the Major oir"'^, Officer appointed Hditig out with them from the Base Sqiia* dron, when it approaches withift fifty yards of the spot wh^d' tUe Commandii^ Officer int^ds- to- commence formiiig his li«^ in! these movements 'all the' Squadron-markers malrk' thi^oater polnl»- of their S^uachrons. ^19* When tbf Regiment Is to advance in Echelloti, thifr' Miiiker of each ^Squadron 'places himself at the space i(tf'ii Squadron interval from the inward flank of his ovm Sqnii*' dipen> a little^ iff advance of the line of offii^rs, and eiciu^ ooyttring the flank file of th#- Squadron which precedes hiiii* In the., advance he preseves his station correctly, andthw enable^ihis own Squadron Leader to judge the Jproperuhtor-. i^frpmthe Squadron in his front. z^) w r; 1[iie Retreat in EcheUonis exactly like the Advance eacAi Squadron going Threes About, in sufficient time not to lose . its distance frotu the one l^ibre it. la the ca|ation t^ vfj^ ^; iZ^ltre is substituted fdr ildtumct?. ^1 Each Squadron should move at a distance equal to its Front and Interval, unless otherwise ordered. ,,.^ ^^^ .7^ . K 1 ' ' "" ■'"" ^ FOEMATION FOR REVIEW. iitn M ''.t. fhe Comnumdingf Oflloer takei post two horses' lenotli iii|fiKint of the Leader of Aie centre Squadron. The other , in^d Officers on this occasion are to command Squadroml ) ' hqt during the Movements, they may either be so employedf ' of in such other manner as the Commanding OMcer takf ^ think fit ^'S. the Adjutant and Staff in one rank on the right of die R^ment, at a horse's length interval from it, dressing hf ■ the front rank } the Band or Trumpeters in two or more - rfi^ks on the right of the Staff, and at a like interval. 8i The Regiment being formed on the ground where the Reviewing-General is to be received, a point is to be marked about 150 or 200 yards in front of the centre, at which the General is expected to take his station, and that spot is to be considered the point to work upon. • '^i ' • ^ i ■ ■ '4. The Regiment takes order in the niann^/ |ir^Mf!t>Ml ^ in •f A ^\hm^ t\* '■ • '■'"' ■■■■■ ' • • - ' ■'' III III I i -y on the right of the centre facing the Regiment, and on a fine abont four yards in advance of that upon which the General is supposed to take pest. The Regimental Serjeant Mijor places himself aJtCf at an equal distance on the left of die Centre) dressing by the Marker of the second Squadron and the Adjutant who posts himself at E, about twelve yards be> yond that Marker, until the Serjeant M^or has placed himself correctly. ^ ,^^ ».^ 10. The Markers of the First and Third (or Fourtib) Squadrons ride out to the front, halt and turn about, wheifc they arrive at A and D, each outflanking the Regfiment'by ab the ' ' timanctng Offi- cer and. Squadron Leaders, and drefis lo ine right. The Adjutant marches past two horses' length in rear of jthe third file from the Pivot flank of the last Squadron. 16. When.the rear rankiias passed the General t^n yards, Officers recover. their Swords with the Squadron Leaders. ... i7. ' On arriving at llie Marker C»ithe witfain ijkt i»wn breadth' of the er .in^ H."«i]ent Aof the Passing Line, li^]ti^ne^ hy i^o^^orof, and advances tUT within about (ten yards lof the point B } the word is then giffm Form Close Column j the first iSquadron halts; tiba Q^ers, having successively wheeled into line the same as the first, move up to Close Column. ;^20. Tlie ^gimeat wiU then .rank past by Singlie Files or jQin the worid 7%e IjUfgiment wUl rank past hy single fin^ ^^ i^t "iTroop Leadier will giyf),the words Carry Swords, J^rdM the left to ihe firont ran^ offf ^ai^ak, aQ^^th^I^el^^ ir i^^jp Xeader, From the, righi tojke ft'onf4)C.Ars rank past in front of the Officers ; Varriers in rear of tin r Troops ; Standards in rear of the Ottoers of the right Troops. OlDcers salute separately when ten yards from the Gen«ral ; Squadron Leaders, aft«r having passed, fall out to the i^tt% and front him while their respective Squadrons are pass -g. 21. Each Squadron forms on reaching D at tl e end 4 the passing line, and receives th«> word Slope Swords, it then wheels to the left, and advances sufficiently to alluw the other Squadrons t3 form and wh >el suocessively at D, an 1 march up in close column behind it. 22. When ordered to rank past hy Threes, the Sqoadro* Leader gives the words Rank pftst by Threes from 4he RigJU — Threes Right. The leading Three advances witlMot wheeling, extending from the right on the word March. The whole of the front rank first, the rear rank foUowi^. Kach Squadron moves upk aii4 raoksi .off from whtere tte first l^uadron moved. ....;.. ...ly-j,, ^^ ... :>' The Simadron Leader, and the Leader and Serrefile oi the right Troop, form the leading Three of each Squadron ; and the Squadron Serrefile, and the Leader and Serrefile of the left Troop, the rearmost Three. The Standard and Ida Coverer follow the Squadron Leader and Leader of the right Troop. The Officers salute, taking their time from the iightj^ ' In ranking past by Threes there is t« > be a horse's length from croup to head, and also from knee to knee. Back Squadron forms at the point D, and proceeds as in Art 13. 23. As soon as the Close Column is thus formed, the cau- tion is g^ven Advance in Open Column of Troops from the Right. The right Troop of the first Squadron recciyea from its Leader the word Advance. On the word Ihttt Marchy the right Troop advances, the le^ Troop rebeiiirinc frolki its Leader Rights Incline, March, as it gets room, ml ForvHirdy when it covers the preceding Troop in Cokmrn. In Ike samemanner the renuuning Squadrons move auocea* \^viutiau vm. rp, ■■■ WIT mw vrjfvii Troop reoeiving from its Leader the words J^ft Wheels ft>l- fewea by Forward, at the angles. 24. On entering upon the Passing Lbe «t A} Troop K a m Matckinff Past, )!4efi(len8, aftar the wheel, take post in iront of the Sod FU^ from the -Righty giving the words Eyes JRi^ht, Carry Sword$, t^inediately hen>Fe wheetii^jg^ at D, they give the word >Sk^ Swords : after the wheel* they resume their prooer posts in front of the 2nd File from the Ieflt,*giving the WQxdEyesZefi* 25. While upon the Passing Line the Squadron Leadeir pre<^es the right Troop Leader ; the Squadron Serrefile marcshes on a line with the right Troop Serrefilorin rear of the right flank of the right Troop. The Squadron Marker, if not wanted to mark the Passing Line, (as may happen when there is more than one Regiment,) marches in rear of Uie left flank of the left Troop, in line with the Serrefile* The Standard and his Coverer trot past in the places laid dpMm for them in Open (Column. Troop Serrefiles are alsa at their usual posts*^,^,, ,.^,-^. , ;.,j .,_. . ^, ^^.,.^^.,, ,j,,|, S|6. As soon as the rear of the Column had quitted the Passing Line, Markers rejoin their Squadrons, unless speci- fy- ordered to the contrary. ^t.27« The Troops having successively made a second wheels tb9t Column halts upon the original ground, and wheels into Ji*Hiet ..it!>Vf Wai . i«f IHl'u'l -ilU Ui\ni ■^n^^i^'tl/.'t,:ti^ii!J^i^:'** '28. When the Squadrons exceed 48 files, the t^^meirt wSl march past by Troops instead of Squadrons ; the Stan* dard in front of the centre of the right Troop, and that Tjcoop Leader in front of the second t'ile from the right. ' "''^ , i'29. When the Regiment begins to perform Field Move- nlents, the Farriers and Band fall out ; one Trumpeter re- claming with the Commanding Officer, and one with each Sqiiadron. 30. When more than one Regiment is to march past, the qri^nal or Parade Line is to be marked by Two Farriers placed at the exti-eme right and left, on the caution to march past. They rejoin their Regiments when the Parade Move- ments are ended. 31. In forming a Brigade fpr Re^ew, the Base of the Ofl^^ers, and .also of the Ranks, is giv^, (as in Article 3, l^age 111}) from the Squadron of Direction of a centred iptiegiment, the other Regiments dressing to it accordingly.,., { . ,d&» When more than one Regiment is to mardi past, the Line moves .oSr, in the first instauce, in Open Colnnira of Troopp, i(iin8tead!of by threes i) fiarming Squadrdnston r«idi«>' Should the Sword Exercise ba r«^uir«d, it b at (bis iierioA it wlU: vfitfj^jf he j^rfonned. ■ \ ttu^jii 'j^iti i'3'iiiit uKJ If/ Mofvh in Lihe. (419 UI ,ui|f llie commenceineirt.of Che Passing Liae ; or in any ^editr manner that the Officer Commanding may deem most tmae- dient with reference to the strength of the Brigade «r Divi- sion or nature of the ground. ' d3. At the oonclumon of a Review, the Regiment or Line advances in Parade Order by Ihe Squadron of Directiofi» -opening the ranks and carrying Swords on the march^ and -halting and saluting when within forty or fifty yards of the Geneislt -;;ff *-r rt':?. •'> 'Mi ,srfcf?JL .1 ';..} 'xiK MARCH IN LINE. .5' ^The March of the Line in front is the most clil^cuTt and 'Ihbst important of all movements. It is requisite near the ene- my, and immediately precedes the attack ; in proportion ip the extent of front and rapidity required does the difficulty increase ; therefore too much exactness in the execution of it ^cannot be observed. ;i t'- '-;/," "'y' 'J:'- '' ./'j'.'^v ^''^ '^J-'^ ' 1. When marching ih'tiine, the Men of eaoli Squ^ifi^ 'dress to their centre, and their Leaders line with, an4 j^ff- serve their intervals from, each other, and the Squadron <^f IDirection'. The Leader of that Squadron takes a point jfk the distance perpendicular to his front, and selects interme- 'dialte objects upon which he is to move. The Troop Lead- 'ors of the Squadron of Direction raise their swords dnriiifa^ the advance, in order to furnish a Base for the whole line or .Officers to dress by. ^-^-«.''*: "" ■''''■M '"" ■^l'»'*'"'^=^' vy-**''*''^^**^ 2. It is an essential rule for all other Squadrons to be, if anything, rather behind the Squadron of Direction, in ad- vahoing in Lirie. 3. One of the Troop Leaders of the Squadron of Direc- tion \^ regulate the Base of the Alignment, and will take post in front of the third file from the outward "flank of tite Squadron. In the advance he must endeavour to keep this Base square and parallel to the original Alignment, by in- creasing or slackening his pace as he sees occasion. The ■other Troop Leader conforms, by keeping himself driessed jpn f^ Squadron Leader and the Officer of Alignment. '^'*> - 4. if the fHrst, Central, or any intermediate Squadron fs the one f -,. : 7. When parts of the Line are obstructed by any inequali- ties of the ground, or other obstacle, they are to be passed with regularity and order, by filing from the Right of 1 luves, ^lliby breaking into Files, Threes, or Divisions from the .'Ilight or Left of Troops or Squadrons, or by doubling Squa- drons, Troops, or Divisions, into Close Column, each body reforming as soon as clear. • 8. When there is. sufficient extent of ground, it should be ' .ih frequent practice to make long advances in Line, changing the direction of the Line, inclining and again advancing, occasionally altering the pace by increasing it from the waDc . to the gallop, and again decreasing it from the gallop to the Wftik by gradual degrees. 9. As a general rule, almost every Movement at a Field Day should be followed by an Advance in Line. .) 10. After the March in Line, on the word Halt, each . Squadron halts and dresses by its centre ; their Leaders by the Squadron of Direction : and if the Dressing of the gen- eral Line is to be afterwards corrected, it ought to beg^n at» and be taken up from, the Squadron of Direction. r- 11. Where the whole Line is to be new dressed, and wherte circumstances admit, much facility attends the opera- tion, if such an Alignment is taken as causes a dressing for* wwtdi however snudl; of every Squadron that composes it. 12. If the Squadron Intervals are false in the centre of * ■ Line, they must remain so till corrected by order, and by ft separate operation of flank marching ; but the Leader of a Futt4^ Squadron should never lose a moment in oorrectiiq^ '■^-■'.JV-C^^-""'," TheCharge :&r AUaok. K^ dsi hw iBkerval,;if ialsiB, because its ton^ection does not* mter^« wkh >afiy ether part of the Line* > r!T ' Jn tibe Retreat of the Jbine? the same rales spplys aslhitln ^vaooe) the Squadron Serrefiks d0Cti%;as^ nt 1. The great force of Cavihryrisimore in the ofienjiiT^ fhatt the defmsiye;; therefore,, the attack is it8,princi{»ak itiibjesf. '2»,AU«th6 different moveikients of the I>ine -should 4^itd to placeit in the most: advantageous situati(mfor sMbaAl, * ' The €hai|(e ' 4. It is incumbent on the Commanding Officer 'to lead at sodi a pace as that the flanks and rear raiik may always kee]^ up ; but at the same time, it is most essential that the fla]^ should not press before the centre. Bvery alteration of-piace must be made as gradually as possible, and at the same in* stant by the whole Line. 5. Whatever distance the Line has to go over, it is desir^* able^ if ithe nature of the ground will permit, th"^ it should move at a brisk trot till within two hundred and fifty .yilrds of the enemy, and then gallop, making a progressive increase, till within forty or fifty yards of the point of attack ; whea the word Charge will be given, and the gallqp made with M much rapidity as the body can bear in good order. Of course the distances here laid down must in many cases be left to the discretion of theCoramanding Officer, and are only mean^ for general guidance at ordinary field days. | ',";6. Any closing or crowding of the files at the instant of the Charge, would only increase the intervals in a Line, and tend to impede the free movement of each horse, which at m^ time^ requires to be more independent than wheii galloping at his titmost exertion ; and every rub to right or left, diitaitii«ies thateiibrt:in a'degree^^-^^'* .'.H^.s.<^n ^:;. lu.. ,.-v-^^i^J ^^^^^-i 7» At the instant of the shock, the horse, although kejpt lift hand, should be pressed forward by the leg, and spur, if ne- cessar.v. 8. ft is frbm the uniform velocity of the Line, that its gpf'eatest 'effect is to be derived : it nnist, therefore* on no fac- coiiiKt, be so much hurried, as to brbig up the iKttses hlown, or even distressed, to ^e attack, ^^^ "i-* :jii Jl I'U.- Ilil '■^ m Chdnget of Froni or Position. L 9* In every part of the Chaijre, and in quidc movement* 'llie Standard or Centre of each Squadron must be very exact in iWowhig the Leader, and the men particularly attentivjB In keepfa^ up tio, and dressingr to their centre, without doang or opening their distance, and taking care that the flanks are ii5t too forward. They will have their hprseis i^ hand, and perfectly square to the front, with their heads well up, winch (inU keep them under command. J i^' >*>•>• ui >g <<> i: •/ •10. When the shock of the Chaise lias troke^'the order of th9 opposite enemy, one or both of the flank Troops in the 'MMp of a single R^ment, or flank Squadrons in the case of m Brig^e, may be ordered to pursue and follow up the ad- ▼antage, opening out, and covering the front and intervals^ whilst the remainder of the Line keeps together, and sup^ ports ; but its ffreat object should be, instantly to rally, and to renew its em>rts in a body. >' . ; V |IL If the Line fails in its attack, and is itself throvm. into disorder, it must retire round the flanks of its Support, axid rally as soon as possible under its protection, rx m iuy .i !mj 12. In the real Charge, the halt of the Line dependis npon the nature of the renstance which is met with ; in ordinary exercise, after the Charge, the word Walk will be given, .when the p^uw will be gradually decreased, and a distaneis of thirty or forty yards will be allowed before the final Halt. 18. There can be no occasion on which it is eligible for Cavalry to wait and receive the attack. Though circumstan- ces of situation may prevent a line from advancing much, it •hould never absolutely stand still to receive the shock ; otherwise, its defeat is almost inevitable. ' "■'": ^.' *" t->/ f*'"«;^ 14. An Attack in Line may be very conveniently aiid vafely conducted by the advance of Squadrons in short ediel- .Ion, from the Squadron of Direction ; and whenever the ground is indifierent, and the Line has been hastily and rather imperfectly formed, it is a mode of attack which diould 15. In the Advance in Line the Sword will is ordered to wheel, towards tlie haiid tlii(^' leads to the New Line, and are conducted hy their inward' flanks to a point about two horses' lengths, either behind W before where that flank is to rest in the new line ; each Troo|^ there wheels that d^ee which places it parraUel to the nt# Alignment, and then mores up to it, first passing it and front* ing, if the formation be to the rear. 2. Changes of Front of a less degree than one-eighth of the circle are to be made on the Base, by the Squadrdnt moving entire. •'., *Mn ■ i-.^^-iti ■,^-t-f>i, *.1:h , > - w:.*/t| j^|i 8. Changes of Position of the Regiment froifi 6n Column to prolong the given direction, or each separate Regimental Column may enter the new line, where its head, or centre is to rest. i> 8. The leading Regiment of a Line, and perhaps one or two more, may arrive and form on a new Alignment, by any of the methods laid down in Art. 3 of this Section, for Regi- mental Changes of position ; but all the others must move GuTin Separate Regimental Columns, and enter, and form upon the new Alignment, successively. 9* The Changes of Front and Position by oblique Echel- lon are the safest that can be employed in the presence o^ i and near to, an enemy ; they are almost equal in securky to iHi Tttking^tip -JPvmkc/I^ormaium, of>ljjii^;l4iiM lUtheyicwft he usedinltke mott onlicaii^iMilieiis, ii4t«f e tiM»( moremeDto of th»i Open « Column, oofild nrt be^ rifjked ($ Mid. Ihef are more particularly to be lued when the. > IJEpeniy's fUnk|i»ite be gained : by tkro wing/ a flank forward^! > ocjWiheii one'e ewn is to: be , secured, by throwing. it>back<'i. The advantages attending, them are, the presecvinga 'gene- nil, ffpnt during 'the March, and enabling. a Body to change f^ti or I position either on a fixed er moving point, retaining the power, at any instant, to stop the Movement, form a. ^ JUaey and r^ulse a sudden attack* These) change reqube tl^. ground to be of such a nature as a full Line omild advance ' ii^ ;vand any of its Troops winch meet with obstacles on the mardi, must pass them i in> the same manner as they do in liine, by doubling Diviswtis, or following by Tlurees, mHnthe. ii^ward flank, without interrupting the progress of the others. ■ ■.>'■* Y. TAKING UP POINTS. OP FORMATION. ■> .,,!? *The general direction of the Alignment upon whidi a>. Column IS to foim, must always be considered before enter- ing upon it, two objects in nature being usually > determined^ ai'pomts of dikrection for the extremities of the intended Line. If the Column is to enter the Alignment at one of those objects, no diflSculty occurs in there placing the Base peint- idg upon the other more distant object; but if the Cp- . libnii IS to enter the intended Alijg^ment at any central or uitermediate point, or if, as may often be the case, the objects wluch have been determined as a g^dance for the direction of the Line, are distant or inaccessible, the Alignment in ivioKAi the Base is to be placed for the Formation to com- mence, mnst be ascertained by the following method, in , whSdr Officers and Non-commissioned Officers should be fi^aently practised. Z > f-H I -rg-Oii" -tot 5$HM ?:*•-•".' ■ "^ III !'\r Inversion of the Line, isk Suppose th6 mill M» ^nd the tree T, are two distant or insMscessible objects, between which a Column is to caiter, in order to deploy or form Line in any other manner. The two objects in question are pointed out to two officers or Ndtt-Cpmihissioned Officers A and B, usually the A^jutant^ and Serjeant-Major. A chooses one of the objects (sopposA the mill,) as his regulating point, and places himself with l^l side towards it, and his horse's head towards the intended Aliment. B instantly posts himself about mxty yards from A, on that side of him which is farthest from the mill, with his horse's head also towards the intended Alignment, and dresses himself exactly upon A and the mill. As soon as he has placed himself correctly as described, he gives the word Readi/, upon which they both start, A riding straight forward at a steady canter, towards where the head of the Column is to follow, occasionally glancing his eye towards the Tree ; and B, riding a certain degree faster so as to keep the mill still exactly in a line with A, as he advances, and at the same time preserving his sixty yards distance from him As they thus approach the intended Alignment, A must begin to nx his eye upon the Tree, and also to observe B to fie appears coming into line with it, gradually slackening his own pace to a walk, to allow of B keeping his dressing knore steadily The moment he sees B come into line with the Tree, h^ Stops his horse, giving him the word, ffalt, and raising his sword. B halting instantly, likewise raises his sword, both turn their horses quietly to the right-about, and the points are thus establislhed, upon which the advancing Column is enabled to place its own Base in the usual manner, and pro- ceed with its Formation or Deployment. Where there are more Regiments than one, the above method will be observed lor the Regiment of direction, the Adjutants of the other Regiments placing themselves as the Points of Entry in prolongation of the Base thus given« nh nf ; ^^<^. i < (i > d H ■ ti M INVERSION OF THE LINE, u A^^ iit i Although generally, in Formi^tiohs, the Inversion of the Line should da avoided, vet there are situations where this rule must be dispensed with ; for instance, a Column with its right in front, may arrive on the left of its ground, and be obliged inunediately to form up and support that point, so L 1 Chte Column,, t that the right pf the Line will beeome the left. Or it may be necessary f6r a Column to form Line to its reverse flank« at lieady as possible on its o-wn ground. « ' But'dn the whole it is to be recollected that thongli th^ Ihversion of Regiments in a Line, uud of Squadrons, in ji Regiment, ought to create no real ii^hyeniencei yet ^at of thp iHvisions of the Squadron withm iiself would lead to disorder, and is on all occasions to be studiously avoided. s .m>,A. rm*A *[»w CLOSE COLUMN;ao'r ^' 1. The general objects of a Close Column are, to form Line to the front in the quickest manner, to conceal numbers from the knowledge of the Enemy, and to extend in whatever direction the circumstance of the moment may require. It is a situation for the assembly rather than for the mov^m^pt of Cavalry.;;"' r'"-;'"-^ ':t^-_ " ";• ■'•'";; ::^\;tV"fV '^^;--';: '<•' The Close Column wiU generally be composed of Squa« drons, except when their strength exceeds forty-eight file per Squadron, or in the case of its being required to assemble in confined situations, where it may oe more desirable to form a Column of Troops or Divisions ; on which occasions the Leaders of Troops must move out to the pivot and the Serrefiles to the reverse flank ; but when it is moved into open ground to deploy, the Column of Squadrons will be formed and closed to its front before the deployment takes Elace. The Formation from Close Column into Line should e made at such a distance as not to fear interruption from the Enemy. 2. The Close Column, whether of Squadrons, Troops or Divisions, dresses to the pivot flank both when halted and in movement ; except when a Formation is ordered to the reverse flank. After wheeling by Threes to take ground to a flank, or for the purpose of deployment, the dressing and preservation, of distances are to whitt was di^e froQt o£ the Column. .-■:'■ '*'-,; • ■ ■' '■ ■;■'' ; '--S't'jMMTi'^f 31 When a Squadron wheels Threes Right or Left, to deploy, the Troop Leaders move up to the pivot flank of their leading Threes, resuming their usual posts when the Squad- ron is fronted to march up into Line. 4. The Squadron Leader, when Threes are wheeled to d^loy, moves up to the side of the Leader of the headmost Troop ; on the word March he proceeds with his Squadron, but halts himself when opposite \^here the inward flank will stand in Line, until he judges the leading Threes haye got J r it may jugh t|)^ oii«.ui>ft 9t that of 1 lead to to form numbers whatever lire. It ovement »f Squa- sight file [usemble irable to >ccaEdons and the ved into will be nt takes e should on from 'oops or ted and to the round to ling and ; of the Left to : of their Squad- eeled to eadmost |uadron, ank will laye got Close Coiumr iik their distance ; he then gives the word Haltf Fronts For- wardt hastening to the centre to lead hb l^uadron aj^ bito Line. ^*' 5. When the Close Column is to take inound to a flank, the Caution is given Take ground to the Rig^t ot Lefty Ha which the SqiuMlton Leaders wheel Threes to the hand ordered, and place themsdves infrontof theieadinff TfareiM ; the whole move on the word March, Dressing and Distance being preserved from the Squadiron at the head of the Co- lumn. The Colunm, on the principle ofShouldereJorwardt mnjr take any required direction. Should the Column bd composed of Troops instead of Squadrons, neither the Lead- ers nor Serrefiles cliange their flanks, the liU;ter leading, if the Column takes ground to the reverse hand. «i i>^>3ii;.'><|t|j? ' 6. Should it be required to deploy into an Oblique Line, the previous eoinmand is given, Squadrons Quarter or Half'- righif upon which each Squadron wheels as it stands in column upon its own right flank man, so that the Column is in Oblique Echellon. The Deployment, on. any named Squadron, then proceeds in the usual way. " „ ' .J!^ '*' ' ;/ '' 7. Deployments on the f|ont or rear Squadroh stionld dftien be practised from Close Column in march, to its flank) be'caiuse in forming line with others, every Regiment, except the one on which the Deployment is made, necessarily de- pldys in that manner on the march. ',' * ' i. '^J \'' [ :•''' 8. The Deployment on the front Squadron mnst i^so be . much practised from Close Column in march to the front; it is by this method that a Bc^ment or parts of the Line would re-form after doubling bade into Column. On such occasions the Deployment will be made at double the rate a$ which the leading body is moving. y,,,; rnumf^ wmivn 9*' When from Close Column of Sqiiadrons^^ is reqnfred to advance in Open Column of Troops, the right Troop of the Fh*st Squadron receives< from its Leader, on the csotion^ the word Advance* On the word Marohi the right Troop advances, and the left Troop redeives from its Leader the words Right Incline, March, followed by Forward, when it covers the preceding Troop in column. The remfuning Squadrons break into Open Column of Troops in the same manner, when it comes to their turn, ^iioiot no yi\Hm tn^ tuv; ' 10. Should the Column be required to pass over deep dr broken ground at a rapid pace, it may be advisable to move at hatf distance, closing up again, on the order to halt^ y.> h 2 im 188 n i Skirmishing^ SKIRMISHINO. Tl^e ntnal objeefc of enqiloyiiig J^Eurmuhen, k «ther to ffain time, to watch the movementg of the enemy, to k«ep htm in check, or to previinl him wproacfanig lo dote to the main bod^,^ m to annoy the line ot march. On Service^ re* gularity m Skinnidring and conrectneai of diitance caimol always be maintained, on account of the movementi of the enemy, and toe nature of the ground. It is neTertbelew §■* sentiju that some ceneral rules should be laid down for the Instruction of the Troops, which, when become habitual, are easily coi^rmfed to, ana applied according to circumstanoes. . K Sldrmidiers are to be posted <» the flrnks of the Sqna* dron. On ordinary occasions 9 few selected steers are appointed for this duty, yet it must be recollected that it is frequently necessary on seryicci to employ whole Squadrons as Skirmishers, and therfefore every man must be trained accordingly, so a|i ,to be. jwf<^y efl|f4eflt,irhei)#?jWf Cflllgd Upontoact. u.b \-^ .•■. •--■■■-''•.• — ;'.- uV:of ;;->■" i- ;!?;." , ) 2. When the Buglo sounds for Skirmishers they 8prea4 out at once in a single Rank, Rear Rank on the left of thnr Front Rank men, a):' intervals of about 20 yards from each other, covering the frrmt &f thelReg^men^ at a distance q£ from 150 to 200 yaids, and outflanking it about 80 or 100 yards. :/ 9. The skirmishers are commanded by a Subaltern, assist- ed by two Non-Commisaioned Officers, the Subal^rn re- maimng near the centre and the Non-Commissioned (Jfffi* cers near the flanks. "'*'*'^ "^ • « 4. Squadrons acting as Advance or Rear Guards detadi n small party in support of their Skirmishers. 5. Sidrmishers slrould be much practised in conforming to •Ohsn^es of Front, or Position, and Movements in Column, without requiring any words of command for the purpose, and should be trained to act rather by mutual understanding of ^ objects ifx which tliey are employed, t^an by any too oottfined system. Above all, they must be instructed to- lofdc l|o the nature of the ground, and the opposite movements of fihe Enemy. They should always keep their horses in okk JioD, even when loading to avoid becomii^ a mark to their opponents. 6. Although one Rank is most advisable for the advance^ yet on manjf occasions of Retreat it is best for Skirmishers to form and act in two Ranks (supporting each other), {w for instance in retiring across Ravines, Rivws, or oth^ lo^^^ ties, where one rank is thus enabled to protect the retreat of the other. m Advanced^ Rear Guardst and Patrols, tt'ilH UNi I lo fairing) the front rank leads to the rear, and fr« m at the diltalMO of 40 or 50 yards, the other rank after firing does the'satne ; thus die two lines retire through each «t4er (hridle. hand to hridle hand,) alternately fronting and rap- portilne. The line nearest the Bnemy must never fire tdl the o&er has loaded and fronted. To retire, the word <^ oommaitd is Abautf to face the £neniy, Fronty to take ground to a flank, Files Eighty or Files Left. The words of coni- ipand are always accompanied by a wave of the Sword indi- cating the direction. iHjtjhn M\ mm'} nmi^mmt'ia laiiftib^ 41 Skirmishers must be very exact and alert in noticing, imd^ instantly obeying the signals made for their guidance, whether proceeding from their own Commander or from the Bugle. In flank movements, the Skirmishers cover the front and flank of the Column nearest the Enemy, by filing to the Right or Left, the alternate man giving a low word Readyy to the man who precedes him, as soon as loaded. - 7. It should be impressed upon the men on all occandMI^ 'to level low, and never to fire without deliberate urn. 8. When recalled. Skirmishers must retire steadily at a trot to rejoin their Squadrons, unless when the Line advances, in which case they draw together gradually opposite the intervals; joining their respective Squadrons, as they pass. ' 9* Galloping and hurry should be generally avoided by, Skirmishers, unless when ordered to gain possession of an elevated or open spot to ascertain the numbers or dispo^tions 'A ADVANCED, REAR GUARDS, AND^^^ >'^ Advanced Guards and Patrols on the Flanks are in all situations essential to protect the March of an Army ; and no Corps, Column, or detached Body whatever, is to neglect this miUtary precaution for its safety. ,, ,, it; t*^:, ^.t,-. ,..»«. i*| . 1» The strength of Advanced Guards should be in pro-* portion to the body from which they are detached; for in-- stance, one Troop may be generally considered as sufficieoit for three Squadrons. - % The Advanced Guard usually marches about 200 or • ^0 ya¥:ds, in front of the Column, but the distance maaiij entirely depend on drcumstances. The Advanced Guard detaches a party of about one-third to its front ; this party L 3 i tr 130 Picqueit, 't» ..iVi'.s-. .11. .»....■■. t. ■endf forward a smaller one» and from thii lait two men praesde the whole ; on the Hune principle email Paitkea mmI Pairola are aleo detached from the main body to each Plank, mhimm the nature of the ooantry makee it advisable. fli. The dntles of these Parties and Patrols are, to take jdN' f ntage of every height to look round them, to examine Ith^ Mijignbouring villages and roads, and make every possible lin^pdry iVom the Peasantry on these subjects, and also res- ipempi|||: the movements or the enemy, sending fai Reports ftotXi tnne to time. In passing throuini villages where there is a chance of opnosition from nie inhwoitants, or of the enemy having oeneeaAed a f»arty of Infantry in the houses, tlie front iiiai^c Mould ^ along tone side of the street, and the rear rank «loi^ the other, each w:ittchiiig the windows on the opposite side. ii. Tlie distances of 1^ Patrols, and flank Parties, from •each other, and from the maiu body, must depend on the nature of .the country, wheMuv open or enclosed, flat or in cases of retreat, ore formed on the same iprlncipjes, in respect to disposition and. number, as Advanced Guards on a march to the front ; but their duties are co.njQ^ed to preventing the surprise of the rear« J>etach- meuts from the ^ear Guard muAt never entirely los^ sight of the party to which they belong. J* I .1. ll. Piequets are detachments sent out from Troops in Quarters CHT Clamp, to their front, flanks, or rear, for the purpose of jNisuri^g an Army against a slirprise* .-^^ ^ - 1. The OflScer in commajnd of a ^cqiiet muist, 'b<^dre marchino'- ft«f*»rt«Jfi that ho h na a prApor aiipply qF Amtnttnl- tion, pe6^io)98, and corn, &c. If his Piequet consist of de« jtadunents, he iiiotdd g«t a Hst of the men, and to wltat corps- jthey belong ; and above aljl he should thoroughly underBtKnd w J Piequeii, m every particular of the inttructionfl and orders tKat ar0 given mm, ttldng queatiom on every point which required explansdont 2. In marcliing to the station prescribed him, he shool^ carefully observe the roads and country, obtaining all possible information from peasants and others as to what villages, Roads, Rivers, Rivulets, Bridges, &c., are near, and in what direction. If it is the first time the post is occupied, he will on his arrival select for his main bodv t^e spot most secure for retreat, and best screened from the view of the enemy ; the rear of a snudl IliU, or Copse, a Defile, or Bridge, i^ generally a good post for a Picquet. If the enemy is near, no fire must be lighted, and t^e men must be kept r^ady to act on the shortest notice. When a fire can be aUowetd it should be placed behind some sheltered spot in the roar ; and a few men most only go io it in turn. aum 3. The Officer first posts a small non-commissioned Offi- cer's party, some hundred paces in the front of the Pioqnet. These are to keep all the Vedettes in sight and repeat their signals ; and if th^r view in some ei»es be obstructed, they detach one or two men still further on fmr that purpose. '«^4. Proceeding forward the Officer then posts his chain of Vedettes by two and two (an old soldier with a young one, if possible,) in such a way as best to observe all the avenue^ by whii^ the enemy can approach : they must be only so far apart as is consistent with their haying a clear view of those on their right and left, and they must communicate by the flanks with the Vedettes of the adjoining Picquets, to which the Officer as soon as he has posted his men sends Patrols* and, until their return, no man is to be dLamounted. The Vedettes must receive distinct instructions not to allow any one, whether flag of truce, deserter, or peasant, to approach them from the enemy, until they have made the signal for a Patrol to come up and receive them : neither is any person to be permitted to pass the outposts from their own rear. 5. The Officer of a Flank Picquet must be particularly on the alert on his exposed flank, placing Vedettes, and patroU ling in tbat direction accordingly. / .tn»f|r^} v6. Whenan^ Puq hmvutU iiltrji^frti^t m 9. As the night closes, the Pioquet must change its ground B short distance to the right or left, and the Vedettes should be visited by frequent Patrols, some of whom should occa- sionally dismount and advance a short distance beyond the Vedettes, to listen with thei - ears close to tlie gfround, foiT any noise, even such as the barking of dogs, indicating that Troops are in motion. In foggy or snowy weather the same precautions must be used by day, as by night. 10. Immediately on a Picquet being threatened with an attack, the Officer must send to the rear the best intelligence he has time to give, as to the nature and force of the attacking enemy. ..^^^l^^ ^^^, ^^.■^^l >«».-♦/«•.«# is ti'iff^! m {.•i^t-^^\'ik . 11. A Picquet, when driven in, must retire as slowly as possible, taking every advantage of the road or gromtd to A^edc the Enemy's advance. '} 13i Any movranent observed on the part of the enemy, or any important circumstance should be instantly communi- cated to the adjoining Pi«qnets. ^'^' . . 'in ,f ind, ^ 13. If a man deserts, the Hcquet must shift its groiin and the fact be instantly reported. 14. Upon the relief of a Picquet, it should never be inarched off until the new one is completely established in all its posts. The Officer relieved must always accQin- pany the one who relieves him in changing the Vedettes, and shpuld g^ve him every information he nas been able to collect. 15. When a Picquet is attadced in force, those on its fiadks should affi>rd it all possible support. ' ' * ' ' ' ^'16. If a Picquet is uidnckily surprised, ^nd eut off frpm its retreat, it by no means foUows that a surrender is necesn _«^« ia?y. ' An Officer of Activity and intelUffeuee may, eiiner py a bold advance into the enemy's country, and making a de- Flags of Tnice — Foraging, m tour, r^fun the army by another road) or may succeed by a resolute effort in breakmg his way through the force by wmch he has been cut off. i Ijr ifjtiioffw .^rxm'm^rij ffe -^t^^ isi 17. All Reports should be made in \i^r3ting, and the exa6t hour specified ; and every Officer employed upon Outpost Duty shoiuld be providied with a Map, a Telescope, a po^et Compass, Pen, Pencil^ Ink, and Paper, and a Wateh; Sori« knowledge of the bearings of the principal Stars and Congtd* lations will often be of gpreat assistance in getting a knowledge of the direction of different Roads, Rivers, &c. 18. It is of the utmost consequence, in noticing the qilar>iiS>;»w '':^f. FLAGS OF TRUCE. 'When an Officer is sent with a Flag of Truce, he must make every remark he can as to the situation and security of -the Enemy's post. He must direct the Trumpeter who goes with him to sound constantly, as he approaches the Enemy's Vedettes. A Flag of Truce from the Enemy is always to be received with civility, but no conversation rela- tive to the Armies must hie allowed. If there is any order for the Bearer of a Flag of Truce to be conducted to Head Quarters, he must be b&dfolded till his arrival there. FORAGING. When foraging in the vicinity of the Enemy, a covering party, in the proportion of about one Division to each Squa- dron, will be ordered for the protection of the foragers. The foraging should be carried on as expeditiously as possible. The foragers should invariably take their swords with them. It is usual on service, and particularly when near the Enemy, for the old Picquet to forage, covered by the new Picauet, but not until the lattor has been completely established on its post. n %u .'^.Wvvii ,4/arm Posts: '.\M\VA .» v«« ; i;*iiin'»^i TiiiHl On Service, the. Alarm Post should generally be in the rear of the VUlage, unless there happens to be some Bridge or Defile in front, through which an enemy may apj^oa^ «nd where it would be of advantage to make a stand. ' It cannot h& too much impressed on Officers of all ranks, that it is as much their own interest as their duty to behave kindly to the Inhabitants wherever they are quartered ;> and when detached cavalry (as often must happen on service) are under the necessity of providing themselves with food and forage by requisition from the people, there can be no excuse for Its being done irregularly or ofitensively, or without proper receipts being given. If possible, the presence of the Chief Person of the place should be always desired on these occasions. . ^ f|4l -:i|fjdr-WU»t»|;|a '*'! i^» ' "^s- -» JUElfOiJ Ol ich{ uh^f |ff»<»^ 1 ,-j; .;r-,^'' >M' ,-^vvoVl 'jCv!i'\n i«-vw\r>\YiNU«A^^.. ''. '/..i. ...... oad, the 'ore.lie is >e in the e Bridge ipproadif all ranks, to behave ired;' and rvice) are food and no excuse r without nee of the 1 on these SUPl^LteMENTARY CHlPTEtt, HO i .' ON THE MANA.«SMENT OF THE HORSE, THE GREAT IM* - PORTANCB 09 STABLE DUTIES, AND ATTENTION TO ALL THINGS CONNECTED THEREWITH. * ifiMftjAu If in times of peace the condition and, treatment of horses be a subject of such consequence in the Cavalry Service, as to call for unremitting attention on the part of Officers and Non-commissioned Officers, whose duty it is to encourage and in every way distinguish those soldiers who study to become good horsemasters, while at the same time they visit the idly disposed with severity and punishment, so much th6 more by a great deal does this branch of the duties of a dra- goon encrease in importance on service, where so much must be left to individual skill and exertion, and when neglect and bad grooming may be attended by such serious consequences. The true dragoon loves his horse as himself, to him he is the first consideration, he neglects no opportunity of procuring such forage as is to be met with, by careful grooming he preserves him from many diseases, he protects him as far as he may be able from the weather, on duty he avoid? all un^ 4 necessary distress, and when over worked or sick, he strives ^ to restore his strength by all the means in his power. In long and distressing marches, in the hour of battle and of danger, these cares will be repaid tenfold, for with what con- fidence will that man take his share in the charge or pursuit, who has the satisfaction to reflect, that nothing has been neglected on his part to ensure the strength and condition of the animal upon which his life and honor may so often depend. It must be remembered also, that upon all special duties, which offier the best chances of distinction and promotion, those only will be selected whose horses are in gt>od order, and that when men become dismounted, the good grooms will always be the first provided for. On the other hand, how diffierent will it be with the idle and i^oraut soldier, who does no more than what is absolutely ordered, and that not from good feeling, but from fear of punishment ; such a character must be treated in a very opposite manner, he can never be trusted out of sight ; Ins horse neglected and knocked up, Will sink under weaKuess and bad treatment, and himself I 1 136 Management of the Horset become an useless incuiubrance. He must be indeed a bad subject who can abuse or neglect an animal so valuable^ and to himself so essentially necessary ; let every man be assured that upon tlie condition of his horse will chiefly depend on service his own efficiency, his comfort, and often his life, and ^th snoh view^, on a matter so much requiiing serious exer- tion, it is recommend^ to all Cavalry Soldiers to make them- selves acquainted with the several points enumerated in this chapter. i>i In whiAt does tne general care and treatment of horses iponsist ? In attention to the quality of forage, regularity in feeding, watering, good groonv.ng, and careful riding. -" What points are of the greatest consequence i£ the keep- ing of a stable ? ^ diriftmi hint .7 U'f-i v*:--' tvirn vK>ovf|^' Ventilation and cleanliness. '.'^ ' ■ ' ^l' ^ '^X What do you mean by ventilation ? ' , J^ -I ■ ;,, j ,^ j It is a regulated mode of airing a stable, by which an even temperature is preserved, unwholesome smells are removed, And all foul air discharged. . ^ How is this to be managed ? '* ' '•' A circulation of lur must be constantly kept up by means vf the ventilators found in all cavalry stables ; a current of Mr should be allowed to pass through the stables to carry off those ammoniacal effluvia so prejudicial to the lungs and eyes of the horse, and from which disease of those parts generally arises. Beyond this necessary degree of freshness stables should not be kept too cold ; as a general rule they ought *iot to exceed 60 degrees of Fahrenheit. • . ^ , - !* . What is to be observed in regard to cleanliness ? '-,1^%^^ No dung or wet foul litter is to remain in the stables, the urine must have a free passage, and the stalls be kept always perfectly dry. In Great Britain, what is the daily allowance of forage jTor eadi hin*se in barracks ? j 'il^i 10 pounds of oats, 12 pounds of hay, 8 |K>unds of straw. In quarters? ^ . . j r < . .8 pounds of oats, l8 pounds of hay* 6 pounds of straw, f,'^ What is the principal and best description of food for a 'llOrSe r V^H 4«J'>|i4J.'''>'-i hn** i-'s;-:; *KVj£'.jaS'''"^ ■j"j;.-i:ii .-iris .;■ '■•''■./• r-,>:i indeed a bad (raluablO) and an be assured y depend on n his life, and serious exer- > make theon- erated in this »nt of horses ty in feeding, ii^ the keep- :%; '- .-. ■:■■. un f rhioh an even u-e removed, up by mesins a current of to carry off ngs and eyes rts generally mess stables they ought Stable DutieSf Sfc. m !SS? ■ #*'' stables, the kept always ce of forage s of straw. of straw. ' food for a Oats, because it is the easiest of digestion and contains the most nourishment ; oats should be full, clean, free from bad smell, and sweet to the taste, they should weigh ft-om 38 pounds the bushel upwards. On service when a dragoon may be obliged to take bad oats, and time allows, he should wash them dean, dry them either in the sun or in an oven, and irive them to his horse mixed with a little salt. ' ;; When oats are not to be had, what other kinds of forage should be looked for ? Barley or wheat, the former should be given mixed with chopped straw, and on account of the greater weight, in less quantity than oats ; it becomes lighter and more easily digest- ed by being boiled for a short time. Wheat is not so Whole- some as barley, and when given must be in feeds smaller by one half than the usual allowance of oats. When there i$% neither time nor convenience for boiling, it must if possibly ,,%e mixed up with chopped straw and well watered. When new and in too large quantities, wheat is apt to bring on in- flammation, gripes, and other diseases. Where none of these are to be found, maise or Indian com, rye, vetches, lentils or beans, may be g^ven, but always in small quantities, never fresh, ana when practicable mixed with chopped straw. Buck wheat mixed with oats or barley is good food. When rye is given to horses they should not be watered less than a full nour before or after eating it. After feeding with barley with the straw, the men should clean out the horse's mouths to prevent the beard fVom accumulating under the tongue and sides of the jaws, which nil^ht cause sores. The dragoon should also endeavour to accustom His horse to bread, for on service he will find that during an ehi^agement or in pursuit of the enemy, where there is but littiv' time for feed- ing, a piece steeped in beer or Water, or in a little wine or brandy will prove a great refreshment to the animal. Mouldy bread must never be used, ^nd stt^e always in preference to new, ( li-y-fH 'W^'! ^-' How are meal and bran to be used ? The first given in the horse's water is strengthening and nourishing ; bran contains but little nourishment and has the e^ct <^ relaxing the bowels ; in many cases bran mashes are entirely substituted for other food. .f» \j. ...i'^&i, v.oe-. ^\ What is to be attended to with regard to hay ? ri- It ought to smell sweet and to have pleQty of herbage ; coarse, rank, or musty hay is very bad. Where a dragoon indifferent hay, he should care- may DO oDliged very fully pick out the damaged parts, shake it well to get rid of T'^ M 1 -m' ! i 1 ; I I 136 Management cfthe Eforset any ixuX or ctirt, and gprinkle it with salt and ^ater } too liiadi hay swdlg a hone out and aflfects his wind. How is green forage to be ^ven ? -f^ It is sometimes of benefit in the month of June or July» but must be given in small quantities, and is better mixed with a little hay ; it must never be given too fresh or with the dew on it. •^"• On service, what other Idnds of food should a dragoon sedc for? Next to the usual forage, a horse may be given straw, of which the oat, wheat and barley contam the most nourish- ment : rye, pea and bean straw the least. When in situa- tions where the foregoing cannot be met with, the dragoon may procure carrots, potatoes, radislies, turnips, cdbbages, and even acorns, thistles, the leaves of the ash, ode uid wil- low, the tender shoots and bark of young trees may be all used, well mixed up with chopped straw or chafP. '^1. What is to be observed with respect to water ? ■*- -- « ' Spring and river water is the best, that of pools, ditches and ponds, wh«re there is no flow, as well as ice and snow water is the worst, and often causes serious disorders. How should the quantity of water be regulated ? The horse must on no account be stinted in his water ; he should not certainly be allowed to drink mudi immediately before he may be required to work, but as a general rule he ought to be given about three parts o.f a pailful the first thing in the morning, half a pailiul at midday, and at night as lAuch as he will drink. What is the mode of dressing a horse ? The horse's feet are to be first picked out and washed, he is then to be turned about and his head and forepart thwougUy dressed ; the collar is then to be put on and the body and legs dressed, the wisp is to be used for some time before the brush is taken. After the l^s are well dried they must be hand rubbed for some time. On coming in off a merch, what is the dragoon to do ? '^ Immediately bi« hnrza gets into the stable the bridle is to be taken off, he is then to loosen the crupper and breast plate, to take off the valisse, cloak, and arms, wipe hie bit and sdrmps, shake a little fresh litter und<(«r hk horse^ pick out his feet, then turn him about and rub litis head and ear» with a dry wisp, then tie him up, wif^ Mm well under iae belly and about the legs, and give him some fresh hay, ^nliung •y.i- "^•■:'T" Stable Duiiei, SfiSt 199 1^ out always the old from the rack } the clragoon is now to take his valisse, cloak and arms to his quarters, put on his stable dress, and rub his arms over. When the trumpet sounds for stables the horses are to be unsaddled if anite cool, and their backs examined, when if injuries of any kind have been received they are to be reported. The dragoon is to see also that the shoes are fast, and then proceed to dress his horse. When by himself or at a distance from directions or m^cli' i.: I advice, a dragoon finds his horse oS his feed or loosinff condition without any apparent cause, how is he to (Hroceed r He must remember that these symptoms may be produced either by fatigue, by indigestion, or even by the horse being kept short of water ; if the horse be over-worked, rest and a litde warm water, with a handful or two of oatmeal thrown into it, given two or three times in the course of the day, are the surest remedies ; in these cases the dragoon is on no ac- count to endeavour to force the horse's appetite by leaving be- fore him either com or hay, but when he perceives signs of a returning desire for food, these must be given at first m small quantities. Indigestion will be shewn oy a hot dry mouth, bad breath, and staring coat ; when this is the case the horse must be kept entirely on bran mashes, with very little hay ; a dose of physic should be given, and if necessary repeated after a few days ; the water should be chilled and the horse have gentle wall^ig exercise. ^^t ■■ynlMh^i 'In case of coughs or colds, what remedies ought to be tried? "^ '•"^" ■ ■■" '" -'• '• ■ - •■• X ■■■•--' •'■ ■, .'.'^ r^,-" The horse should have two quarts of blood taken firom him, and where it is to be procured he should be g^ven, about an hour afterwards, one ounce of nitre in a pint of warm water. He must have very gentle exercise and be fed upon bran, boiled oats, or water gruel ; if the cough continue bad, and the horse seem much oppressed, he must be bled a second time* Sore back? As* a general remedy the back should be bathed with 0alt and water, a cloth being kept on the part constanlly wet ; the mixture is not to be made too strong of salt, nor ought any to be placed on the back, it should be of the strength, as nearly as can be judged, of sea water ; vinegar and water may also be used in the proportion of a pint of each. Where matter forms it ought to be let out as soon as possible, and a linseed poultice applied willi wann fomentations of water. . :: M 2 . ,■*'■ )40 ManageTnent of the Horse, Brokda knees ? The parts must be first washed with warm milk and water, and cleansed from all gravel or dirt, afterwards they should be well fomented, and if there be neat swelling or inflam- mation, warm poultices must be appUed, renewing them twice a day. . .»* , .|p^if.*? -MiJ^ :>!■'. 'j^v-' Severe kicks or blows, injuries from the collar chain, &c ? If there be much swelling and inflammation with great pain, bleed to the extent of two quarts or more ; foment the parts injured with hot water having hay boiled in it, and after each fomentation wrap the part, if practicable, in a dry woollen cloth in order to keep it from the air. When the materials can be procured a mild dose of physic should be g^ven. »»>^> Gripes? ' - • , •; . . ' ■ '''^ The instant the horse is observed to be in paui, he should be trotted about for a quarter of an hour to empty his bowels, when if he become no better he ought to be bled to the extent of three quarts. A ball composed of one drachm of gum opium and two of powdered ganger made up with bruised meal, and a clyster of oatmeal gruel, should be given every two hours when the dragoon is able to do so. Should his horse fall lame in either foot, what should the dragoon do ? ''^^He should try to ascertun, by carefiilly pressing and ex- amining the foot, whether it proceeds firom a nruise or a prick in shoeing ; if the former the sole should should be pared thin, and a thick poultice of oatmeal and water mixed with turpentine and hojg's lard being applied, the foot should be placed in a pale of hot water which must be renewed when cool, and the poultice changed twice a day. If the Iameii8«i8 proceed from a prick, the hole must be enlarged for fear of matter forming at the bottom ; in such case the wound Should be dressed with warm spirits of turpentine uhlil healed up and the lameness gone ; after the wound is dressed a poultice ought to be applied, and the foot placed frequentfy in warm wfiter. What are ingredients for a common dose of physic ? '^ 7 drachms of aloes, half an ounce of cream of tartar, half an ounce of grated ganger, made into a baH of common soap. For a'young or weak horse the aloes should be reduced to 5 drachms. ■ "-''";■ ■■■■■%-^-- '^-■•' ■-^•■' ;■' ..' I.- . : .\ ^^ SHOEING, .j^^ ^,^. . : ; ^.; r^.-How is a horse's foot composed ^i-AJiti^ii •9j^t^i|i^,4s^*t:i'^.^^.' : Stable JhUiest Sfc, .V. 141 Of crp ♦:, sole, bars and frog. ' ,f > ,^ f^. rt «»f Jii*t4^^|^ i^^ What is the crust ? ' -^ '' • ' "^ iW Mf■ What is the sole ? t<( 'if') I m pm f ?* That inferior portion of the foot, which, together with the bars and frog, comes indirect contact with the ground. What are the bars ? They are those homy inflections of the heels proceeding from the sides of the frog towards the crust, the uses of which are to keep the heels expanded. "' ^^ ^ ' '''' ," " * What is the frog ? The frog is that homy wedge-like substance in the centre and base of the foot, its use is to keep the horse from slipping, and act by its elasticity as a spring to the animal. How often should a horse's shoes be removed ? Once a month at least. What is to be observed in the removing of shoes ? One shoe only ought to be removed at a time, which is not to be forcibly torn ofi> but the clenches must be first per- fectly raised, and then the nails drawn, so that the crust may not be injured or portions of nails left within the hoof. Explain the manner in which the foot is to be prepared to receive the shoe ? The sole is to be pared thorougldy until it springs by the pressure of the hand, the bars to be left sufficiently promi- nent, the crust to be rasped so as to present an equal suHace for the application of the shoe. The frog should never be cut away further than may be necessary to keep it on a level with the inflections of the heels. As a general nile, the heels of the crust are not to exceed from an inch and a half to two inches in height. How ought the shoe to be placed upon the foot ? The heels of the shoe are to lie flat upon the junctions of the bars, the sole between the bars and quarters bemg so pared off that no pressure can take place from the heel of the shoe ; this point must be particularly attended to, as from neglecting it arise corns and other serious inconveniencies. Eice to be left for the pricker to pass between the shoe, which is to be fastened with eight nfuls as M 3 Suiiicient ?*M \ 142 Managemem of the Honey Sfc, far M poMible from the heels, etntooially the iniide qiuurter. The nail holes to be made with a panoh of a wedn-like form) so as to admit of the head of the nail into the shoe. Is there any difierenoe in the treatment and dio«ng of the hind feet ? None with reg^d to the preparation of the foot, but the shoes are stronger with a stop placed on the outer heel, and the inner raised to an equal uiiokness. What should be the weight of a fore and hind shoe ? It must depend in a great measnre on the size of the horse, but on an averwe h fore shoe may weigh a pound, a hind one a pound and a quarter. ,jjm>«|,^x j "'^w % .€; ". %:<■>» Ki'ii % "'.',' :■*; ■. ;«f'a*f: fi- •■, o^mw^i^^ -m^^ ^: s FINIS. '.";%:■ ,»'fv- .1... "i^.-. si^^^iBii ** "^Fj^-T; % * "' m; v.^ ^V,.-' VOLUNTEERS, ATTENTION. THE Subacribert have for Sale the following MTLITART PUB. LIGATIONS, at their Printing Office, Muir'b Building*, Plact D'Armes:— The CAVALRY DRILL BOOK; or, Abstract of Cavalry MoTementi, intended for the me of the Volunteer Corp* of U^ier and Lower Canada. 78. 6d. ^ The INFANTRY DRILL BOOK; or. An Abridgement of the Field Exaroise and ETolutions of the Army. Containing the Manual and Platoon Exercises of Riflemen ; together with Instructioni for the Drill of Officers. Ss. 6d. _ The MILITARY CATECHISM: containing Qttestions to Officer* commanding Companies, with their Answers. Adapted to the New System of Drill. Compiled by Colonel Maiti.amd, 3d Battalion Montreal Loyal Volunteers. Is. 3d. STANDING ORDERS for the VOLUNTEER MILITIA. 2». ARTICLES OF WAR. 2d. CAMPBELL & BECKET. \ y..