IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 II I.I 
 11.25 
 
 £ Si 
 
 b£|2£ |2.5 
 
 ■50 ■■■ HlH 
 
 ■^ 1^ |2.2 
 
 - hI 
 
 m 
 
 U 11.6 
 
 I. ^ 
 
 ■UUl. 
 
 Hiotographic 
 
 ^Sdaices 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 ^\^ 
 
 \ 
 
 ^ 
 
 iV 
 
 'C^ 
 
 sv 
 
 
 
 ^^^ 
 
 '^^ 
 

 
 ,% 
 
 ^.% 
 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CiHM/ICIVIH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut c&nadien de microreproductions historiques 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques 
 
 Th^ 
 to 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images in the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 Couverture endommag^e 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaur^e at/ou pellicul6e 
 
 I I Cover title missing/ 
 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes g6ographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 
 D 
 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Reli6 avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La re liure serrde peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge intirieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas 6t6 filmdes. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires suppl6mentaires: 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la m6thode normale de filmage 
 sont indiquAs ci-dessous. 
 
 I I Coloured pages/ 
 
 D 
 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommag6es 
 
 Pages restored and/oi 
 
 Pages restaur^as et/ou pellicul6es 
 
 Pages discoloured, stained or foxei 
 Pages d6color6es, tacheties ou piqudes 
 
 Pages detached/ 
 Pages d6tach6es 
 
 Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of prir 
 
 Qualit^ inigala de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary materii 
 Comprend du materiel suppl^mentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 I — I Pages damaged/ 
 
 I — I Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 
 |~~| Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ 
 
 I I Pages detached/ 
 
 I 1 Showthrough/ 
 
 I I Quality of print varies/ 
 
 I I Includes supplementary material/ 
 
 I — I Only edition available/ 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been ref limed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, 
 etc., ont 6t6 film^es d nouveau de fa^on d 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 Th 
 po 
 of 
 filr 
 
 Ori 
 bei 
 tli( 
 sio 
 ot» 
 fin 
 sio 
 or 
 
 Th 
 shi 
 
 Tir 
 
 wh 
 
 Ma 
 dif 
 enl 
 be] 
 rigl 
 req 
 me 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est film^ au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 
 
 
 
 
 14X 
 
 
 
 
 18X 
 
 
 
 
 22X 
 
 
 
 
 26X 
 
 
 
 
 30X 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 vf 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 16X 
 
 20X 
 
 24X 
 
 28X 
 
 32X 
 
The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks 
 to the generosity of: 
 
 National Library of Canada 
 
 L'exemplaire film6 fut reproduit grdce d la 
 g6n6rosit6 de: 
 
 Bibliothdque nationale du Canada 
 
 The images appearing here are the best quality 
 possible considering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and in keeping with the 
 filming contract specifications. 
 
 Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le 
 plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et 
 de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en 
 conformity avec les conditions du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated impres- 
 sion, and ending on the last page with a printed 
 or illustrated impression. 
 
 The last recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol ^^ (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED "), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever applies. 
 
 Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en 
 papier est imprim^e sont filmds en commenpant 
 par le premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second 
 plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires 
 originaux sont filmds en commenqant par la 
 premidre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernidre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la 
 dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le 
 cas: le symbols ^^> signifie "A SUIVRE", le 
 symbole V signifie "FIN ". 
 
 Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratios. Those too large to be 
 entirely included in one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, as many frames as 
 required. The following diagrams illustrate the 
 method: 
 
 Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre 
 filmds d des taux de rdduction diff^rents. 
 Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre 
 reproduit en un seul clich6. il est filmd d partir 
 de Tangle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, 
 et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre 
 d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammos suivants 
 illustrent la m6thode. 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
•4' 
 
 
i 
 
 A SHOUT HISTORY 
 
 AM) 
 
 DESCRIPTION 
 
 OF TIIK 
 
 { 
 
 
 J 
 
 4* 
 
 OJIBBEWAY INDIANS 
 
 N«)W ON 
 
 a ®i»it 10 iSnglaiiti^ 
 
 WITH CORRECT LIKENESSES, 
 
 ENGUAVED KaOM DAfJt'Elf RDOTi I'K PLATES, TAKtN liV M. CLaUDET. 
 
 PRICE SIXPENCE, 
 
 LONDON. 
 
 MI>C(C.\t.IV, 
 
.at 
 
 VizKTELLY Brothers and Co. 
 
 PlUNTERS AND ENCnAVEUS, PeTEHBOROUGH CoIIRT, 
 
 135 Fleet Street. 
 
THE 
 
 .^ 
 
 OJIBBEWAY INDIANS 
 
 NOW ON 
 
 A VISIT TO ENGLAND. 
 
 The visit to England of nine of the aborigines of North 
 America affords an opportunity, never before presented 
 to the British public, of obtaining a personal acquaint- 
 ance with the appearance, habits, manners, and customs 
 of these curious and fast-fading tribes. Naturally re- 
 markable and politically important, they have been 
 rendered additionally interesting by the poet and the 
 novelist. Chateaubriand, in Europe, and Fenimore 
 Cooper, in America, have surrounded the red man with 
 a halo of romance. Their courage, their fortitude, 
 their lofty, yet peculiar, notions of honour and duty, 
 are familiar to all who have mourned over the pages of 
 Attila, or followed Leather- Stocking through the Prairie. 
 In the endurance of pain they have been held up as 
 savage heroes, manifesting the calm courage of the 
 olden martyrs ; whilst in the numerous campaigns where 
 their services have been called in, their fidelity to the 
 cause they espoused has never been known to fail. In 
 fine, the North American Indian has been, with justice, 
 regarded as the noblest of savage nations. 
 
 The party now in our country consists of Two 
 Chiefs ; Four Young Men, Warriors ; Two Women ; 
 and a little Girl, ten years old ; all dressed in the 
 curious and picturesque costumes of their country. 
 
 b2 
 
6 
 
 Tlieir appearance attbrds tlie visitor a correct impres- 
 sion ol' tliese people as they arc to be met with in 
 their native prairies. They are all full-bloods, with the 
 exception of the Interpreter, who is a half-caste. The 
 circumstance of so large a number of these interestin<> 
 people, furnishing specimens of both sexes and all 
 ages, all of them, too, belonging to a numerous and 
 powerful tribe, which has ever been devotedly attached 
 to the British Government, being together in England, 
 is an occurrence which has not previously happened, 
 nor is likely to occur again during the present gene- 
 ration. 
 
 Before going further into detnil, it will be well 
 to give 
 
 IHE NAMES OF THE INDIANS. 
 
 Aii-QUE-WE-ZANTZ, The Boy-Chief. Aged 75 years. 
 
 Pa-tau-na-quet-a- WEE-BE, The Driving Cloud — War-Chief. 
 Aged 51 years. 
 
 We-nisii-ka-wee-be, Flying Gull. 
 
 GisH-E-GosH-E-GHEE, The Moonlight Night. 
 
 Sah-ma, Tobacco. 
 
 NoT-EEN-A-AUM, The Strong Wind. (The Interpreter.) 
 
 Wos-see-ab-e-nuah-qua, Woman. (The Squaw of the Moon- 
 light Night.) 
 
 Nib-nab-e-quaii, Girl. (The Daughter of the Moonlight Night.) 
 
 Ne-bet-nuah-qua, Y-'oman. (The Squaw of Tobacco.) 
 
 The Ojibbeways belong to one of the most powerful 
 tribes of North America, and have been uniform in 
 their loyalty to the British throne. In the long war 
 which the people of America waged against England, 
 and which ultimately resulted in the declaration of the 
 independence of the United States, this tribe fought in 
 favour of the *' old country ; " whilst in the subsequent 
 war of 1812, between the English and the Yankees, 
 the Ojibbeways again did good service. By this at- 
 tachment to the cause of England, they lost a large 
 range of territory, which, upon the conclusion of the 
 
 ! 
 
 i 
 
, I 
 
 \ I 
 
 s(ru«?j»le, was settled as bcinf? witliin tlie boundary of 
 tlie States ; but tliey still own larije tracts of land, 
 ebicfly upon the banks of Lakes Huron and Superior, 
 and there they live, not by cultivating^ the soil, but in 
 their primitive mode — by flshinn^ and Inuiting. They 
 now number between twelve and fifteen thousand, but» 
 year by year, their ranks become thinner as civilisation 
 trenches upon their boundaries, and before many years 
 the pure-blooded Indian will, no doubt, be extinct. 
 This rapid decrease in their numbers is generally attri- 
 buted to the use of spirituous liquors ; but, although 
 this has, no doubt, acted very fatally, yet another and 
 more wholesale cause operates for their destruction. It 
 is the course pursued by the United States, in gradually 
 banishiuir them from their native tracts. The form 
 of a treaty is gone through, the propositions of the 
 Yankees being backed by a military force. They are 
 compelled to sell ; they dare not resist ; the hunting- 
 grounds of their forefathers are surrendered to the pale 
 faces, and the red man is ousted, nominally by treaty, 
 but really by the bayonet, to the west of the Mississippi. 
 The scenes which ensue are heart-rending. Mr. Rankin 
 relates an instance in which he witnessed between seven 
 and eight hundred at Maumee, being thus driven 
 from their lands to a place upv , rds of fifteen hundred 
 miles away, where other Indians were congregated by 
 the same system. Tribes naturally enemies, and speak- 
 ing different languages, are thus thrown in contact. 
 Fighting ensues, and those who escape slaughter are 
 mowed down by the climate. This is the great secret 
 of the rapid decrease of the North American aborigines. 
 Those Indians who are fortunate enough to be within 
 the British territories receive much better treatment, 
 and the paternal consideration of our Government has 
 led to a strong feeling of attachment on the part of 
 these primitive people towards their " Great Mother," 
 as the Queen of England is called by them. This friend- 
 
ship hus been fostered by annual presents from our 
 Government of blankets, powder, shot, eookin^' utensils, 
 und other useful articles. 
 
 The visit of the nine Ojibbeways to this country 
 was induced by a desire, on the part of the Old Chief 
 and his followers, to see the country of the English, and 
 ** to look upon the face of their Great Mother." This 
 feeling had been cherished for some time, when it was 
 mentioned, during a hunting excursion, to Mr. Rankin, 
 who is their companion and friend here. This gentle- 
 man is by birth a Canadian, and had been known to the 
 Old Chief from the days of his infancy. Being brought 
 up on the borders of the Ojibbeways' country, he early 
 became attached to the wild life they led, learned their 
 language, and, as he states, spent some of the happiest 
 days of his life hunting and fishing with these rude and 
 simple people. He has often, for weeks together, been 
 out shooting with them, and when food has been scarce, 
 he tells, with feelings of grateful recollection, how they 
 kindly denied themselves their share of the scanty meal, 
 that the pale face, who was less able to bear short rations, 
 might not faint from hunger. With them he spent 
 the summer months upon the shores of the lakes, and 
 in winter, moved to their lodges — a habitation made or 
 taken down in twenty minutes — more inland, from 
 whence they started on their hunting the deer over the 
 surface of the snow. On the outbreak of the late re- 
 bellion in Canada, Mr. Rankin immediately volunteered 
 his services to the loyalists, and for six years had the 
 honour of bearing her Majesty's commission. During 
 this period he was in several actions ; and at the battle 
 of Windsor, on the 4th of December, 1838, took a stand 
 of colours. His services had the compliment paid them 
 of being mentioned by Lord Brougham in the House of 
 Lords. But the stirring business of campaigning over, 
 he found himself once more in the hunting-grounds of 
 the Ojibbeways. In a conversation with the Indians, it 
 
 
 I 
 • ■ t 
 
 >V 
 
f) 
 
 was sijffircs*"(l l)y tlu'in t'uat a party ^I.ould j^o "across 
 tho nrrcat salt lake," to flio land of tho pale faoos, aiul 
 Mr. Kaiikin oiitcrtainini^.tlu' idea, some diiricidty arose 
 as to which individuals should he s»;leeted to form the 
 party, since such was their confidence and curiosity that 
 nearly the whole trihe were ready to volunteer upon tlic 
 expedition. I'iVentually the individuals whose names 
 have heen j^iven, readied liiverpool. 
 
 y% 
 
 I 
 It 
 
 OESCRIPTION OF THE INDIANS. 
 
 Tin; Oi.r> Chief — Aii -dui, - wi: -zantz, whose 
 Indian coj^'nomen means T/ic Ji()>/-('hieJ\ is nearly 
 eighty years of age, and has been a remarkable man. 
 lie is the hereditary chief of the party, and has seen 
 much service, lighting for this cciintry. He recollect'! 
 the declaration of the independence of the United 
 States, and was present at the contests at River Rasen, 
 Detroit, and acted a conspicuous part at the battle of 
 the Thames. lie was the friend and companion-in- 
 arms of the most remarkable Indian warrior of whom 
 we have any record, Tecumseh, who, by his extraordi- 
 nary talents, succeeded in uniting six tribes to act 
 against tho Yankees. This extraordinary man, after 
 performing many startling feats of valour, was killed, 
 fighting with Ah-que-we-zantz, at the battle of the 
 Thames. The old man, when he does make a speecli, 
 generally refers to this celebrated companion of his war- 
 like adventures. He has seventeen children, and, 
 speaking of his descendants, says, " We are now sixty- 
 two, and I hope by the time I return there will be five 
 or six more of us.'" 
 
 The WAR-CiiiEr — Pa- tau - n a - quet-a-wee - be, 
 whose name has been rendered The Driving Cloudy is a 
 chieftain, not by hereditary right, but from services 
 done in action. The war-chiefs are regarded with even 
 more consideration than those who have their station by 
 
10 
 
 right of birtli. lie is about fifty years old, has l)ccn in 
 canipaij^ns with the Old Chief, and has received many 
 wounds in the service of tiiis country, the scars of which 
 he sonutimes displays and speaks of. lie has two 
 wives, who are now in the back-woods of Canada. 
 
 Wi:-Nisii-KA-WEE-BE, Of I'l/jinff Gull^ is an here- 
 ditary chief. 
 
 Gisii-i:-GOsn-E-oiiF.E, or The Moonlight Nighty has 
 sufTered much from illness, which has at times prevented 
 his presence at the public exhibitions; and, on such 
 occasions, ins wife, Wos-see-ab-e-nuaii-qua, is always 
 absent too, attending her sick husband. She is, like 
 all Indian women, most patient and unremitting in her 
 attentions to her husband, never murmuring however 
 severe the drudgery she may have to perform. 
 
 Saii-ma, or Tobacco^ is the Adonis of the party ; 
 fond of admiration, and with a great opinion of his own 
 appearance. He is a very pleasant, happy-tempered 
 fellow ; very exemplary in his conduct, and husband of 
 the youngest squaw — Ne-bet-nuaii-qua. 
 
 NoT-EEN-A-AUM, or The Strong Windy is the 
 Interpreter, and a half-blood, his father being a French 
 Canadian, and his mother a squaw. His father, Cadot, 
 for thirty years faithfully served the British Government 
 as interpreter, and now lives upon a pension, awarded 
 for long services, on the banks of the St. Clair. During 
 the late rebellion The Strong Wind was a volunteer in 
 the English ranks, and fought at the battle of Windsor, 
 He speaks English and French, and has a perfect ac- 
 quaintance with the language of the Indians, their feel- 
 ings, habits, and customs. He sometimes joins them in 
 their war-dances and sports. 
 
 NiB-NAB-E-QUAH, is the name of the httle girl, 
 daughter of Moonlight Night. Her parents have 
 several other children, and one, the youngest, was 
 brought by the mother three hundred miles on their 
 way to the banks of the St. Clair, where a sister 
 
 9' 
 
 • • 
 
 
•. 
 
 11 
 
 'r. 
 
 -f- 
 
 i 
 
 porsunded her to leave the child beliiiul. Since ihcy 
 liavc rcaclu'd this country, tlie little girl, Nib-nab-c- 
 qiiah, has received more presents than any other person 
 of the party ; and the mother bitterly rcj^rets not havin«]f 
 brou;rlit lier other children, that they might have shared 
 the kindness of the *' pale laces." 
 
 With all the party, the kindness of their reception 
 lias been the subject of surprise and congratulation, and 
 in all the speeches they make their gratitude is never 
 lost sight of. The chief personages of the realm, in- 
 cluding her Majesty, Prince Albert, the Duchess of 
 Kent, the Duke of Cambridge, and very many members 
 of the nobility, have been numbered in the list of those 
 who have given a warm greeting to these children of 
 " the lake, the forest, and the prairie," whilst the many 
 thousands who have visited them, have obtained as 
 perfect a notion of this aboriginal race, as could have 
 been gained by a journey of five thousand miles. 
 
 VISIT OV THE INDIANS TO HER MAJESTY. 
 
 It was in December last that, by her Majesty 
 Queen Victoria's desire, they were conducted to Windsor 
 Castle, where they were received into the presence of 
 her Majesty, his Royal Highness Trince Albert, the 
 Duchess of Kent, and the royal household. 
 
 After his Royal Highness had shaken hands with 
 the chiefs and warriors, the oldest chief advanced, and 
 addressed her Majesty in the following words, as trans- 
 lated by their interpreter : — 
 
 '• (ireat Mother — I have been very sorrowful since 
 I left my home ; but the Great Spirit has brought us 
 safe over the great waters, and my heart will now be 
 glad that we can see your face : we are now happy. 
 
 " These are all the words I have to say. My word* 
 are few, for I am not well to-day. The other chief will 
 tell you what I intended to sav." 
 
 ft 
 
12 
 
 The Wtir-chief llicu rose, and, in a very energetic 
 manner, made the following speech, which was imme- 
 diately interpreted to her Majesty. 
 
 " Great Mother — the Great Spirit has been kind to 
 us, your children, in protecting us on our long journey 
 here; and we are now happy that we are allowed to 
 see your face. It makes our hearts glad to see the 
 faces of so many Saganashes (En<.;iish) in this country, 
 and all wearing such ploaeant looks. We think the 
 people here must be very happy. 
 
 " Mother — we have been often told that there was 
 a great fire in this country ; that its light shone across 
 the great water : and we see now where it arises ; and 
 we believe that it shines from this great wigwam over 
 all the world. 
 
 " Mother — we have seen many strange things since 
 we came to this country. We see that your wigwams 
 are large ; and the light that is in them is bright. Our 
 wigwams are small, and our light is not strong. We 
 are not rich, but yet we have plenty of food to eat. 
 
 " Mother — myself and my friends here are your 
 friends, your children. We have used our weapons 
 against your enemies ; and for many years we have 
 received liberal presents from this country, which have 
 made us happy and comfortable in our wigwams. 
 
 " Mother — the chief who has just spoken and 
 myself have fought and bled by the side of the greatest 
 warrior who ever lived — Tecumseh. 
 
 " Mother— our hearts are glad at what we have this 
 day seen — that we have been allowed to see your face. 
 And, when we get home, our words will be listened to 
 in the council of our nation. This is all I have to say." 
 
 After this, the war-chief took into his hand his 
 drum, or tambour, on which he commenced beating and 
 sindnff at the same time, which called his warriors to 
 their feet ; and they then performed in succession, with 
 all their wild and startling effect, the Medicine Dance, 
 
 i*r 
 
I 
 
 + 
 
 1/ 
 
 the Pipe Dance, and the War Dunce, much to the 
 appuiint surprise, as well as amazement, of her Majesty : 
 after which, through the Honourable Mr. Murray, 
 Prince Albert *' assured the chiefs of her Majesty's 
 friendship for the Indians, and her desire that they may 
 have a safe and pleasant journey home to their native 
 land — to their families and friends." 
 
 The party afterwards partook of the refreshments 
 prepared in an adjoining apartment, and returned in 
 good cheer to London. 
 
 THEIR VISIT TO THE ARCHERY CLUB. 
 
 Amongst other visits, the Ojibbeway Indians paid 
 one to the members of the St. George's Archery Club, 
 at their ground near the Regent's Park, where a large 
 party of ladies and gentlemen, partial to the pastime of 
 archery, had assembled to meet them, as it was under- 
 stood that these children of the prairie would exhibit 
 their skill in shooting with the bow. The Ojibbeways 
 were not prepared with their own bows and quivers, 
 and appeared much surprised at the length of the 
 English bows compared with the Indian bow, which is 
 very short and stiff. Their mode of shooting is also 
 different : the English archer, when aiming at the 
 target, shoots at an elevation ; while the Indian takes 
 a direct aim at the object, as if firing with a rifle. 
 They soon, however, made themselves acquainted with 
 the power and use of the bows of the club ; and the 
 St. George's archers, in order to excite competition 
 among their guests, the rude and wild denizens of the 
 Indian forests, offered, as a premium for the best shots, 
 a splendid gold and some silver medals. The Indians 
 having taken their stations opposite the target, at a 
 distance of sixty yards, were each provided with three 
 arrows. To shew the extraordinary dexterity they 
 possess with the bow, and their unerring aim, Sah-ma 
 (Tobacco), at the first shot, drove an arrow through 
 
 c 
 
14 
 
 the centre of the bull's-eye, and was subsequently 
 awarded the gold medal, and Gish-e-gosh-e-ghee (the 
 Moonlight Night) a silver one, as the second best shot. 
 The party were also presented with a set of Chinese 
 bells, a tenor drum, a tambourine, and a triangle. An 
 elegant dejeuner a la fourchette had been prepared for 
 the ladies and gentlemen, friends of the archers, to which 
 the Indians were invited, and which they partook of 
 with great gout : their knowledge of the etiquette of the 
 table was surprising, and was a source of infinite amuse- 
 ment to the toxopholites and their guests. The healths 
 of the Indians having been proposed and drunk, with 
 the customary honours, the old chief, Ah-que-we-zants 
 (the Boy-Chief), formerly a warrior, but now the 
 civil chief, or legislative head, of the party, returned 
 thanks in his own peculiar style, and in a strain similar 
 to that in which he addressed her Majesty. Mistaking 
 the archers for warriors, he said : " My eyes are bright 
 with seeing so many braves of the Great Mother : my 
 affections are revived : I look on the Englishmen as 
 brothers, and shall tell my friends so on my return. 
 My hair is grey, and this hand is weak, that formerly 
 took the scalps of the enemies of the Great King. 
 I shall tell the Great Spirit, when I return, what the 
 Englishmen have done for me and my people." They 
 joined in the first toast, *' Queen Victoria," with all the 
 loyalty of British subjects — which they are ; for most 
 useful allies did they prove themselves during the 
 Canadian outbreak, and subsequently. The party then 
 made their congey and departed. 
 
 THEIR VISIT TO THE THAMES TUNNEL. 
 
 The "Pictorial Times" of March the 17th says— 
 ** Yesterday a curious display took place at the Thames 
 Tunnel, which aflbrded a striking instance of the meet- 
 ing of extremes — it was a procession of aboriginal men 
 through a work which attests the highest grade of civi- 
 
 LitU. 
 
 I 
 
L*U 
 
 I 
 
 15 
 
 lisation — a group of savages gazing with wonder upon 
 the latest triumph of engineering skill. About noon, an 
 omnibus drove up to the entrance of the Tunnel laden 
 with the Red Men of the West, now sojourning for a 
 time amongst us — the Ojibbeway Indians. The ap- 
 pearance of feathered heads, painted faces, bear-skin 
 garments, and mocassined legs, in the classic locality of 
 * Wapping Old Stairs,' created a general hubbub. 
 Shops were deserted, tools and needles were thrown 
 down, and a general rush attested that curiosity was in 
 nowise wanting amongst the amphibious denizens of 
 this aquatic neighbourhood. From the statement of 
 the gentleman who accompanied them, Mr. Rankin, it 
 appears that these Canadian subjects of Queen Victoria 
 had long expressed a strong wish to see this effort of 
 the skill of the ' pale faces ' — a desire he was anxious to 
 satisfy. The Indians passed into the shaft, and looked 
 curiously over the balustrade of the winding stair. 
 They were five in number, with two squaws and a child. 
 Upon reaching the level of tlie double archway, which 
 forms a safe path across but beneath the river, their 
 expressions of surprise were strikingly characteristic — 
 gutteral * ugh ! ughs ! ' attesting their satisfaction. They 
 evidently regarded it as more wonderful than many of 
 the more showy and glittering spectacles which their 
 visit to the 'old country' has offered for their admira- 
 tion. With stately tread they marched through the 
 arched avenue, the crowd pressing almost rudely upon 
 them. When half-way through they halted at a stall, 
 where bright medallions, bearing the likeness of Mr. 
 Brunei, were offered for sale, when the owner, Mr. 
 Griffin, liberally gave each of these novel visiters 
 specimens of the showy memorials. As the Old Chief 
 of the party looked at the portrait of the engineer, the 
 picture suggested the wide difference between man in 
 the savage and in the civilised states. When the party 
 reached the Surrey side, they proceeded a short way up 
 
H) 
 
 the stiiircase, and one of the ' braves ' having received a 
 duplicate medal, took it into his head to acknowledge 
 the boisterous attention of the crowd below by throwing 
 down in the midst the superfluous memento. A 
 scramble ensued, which so much amused the whole 
 party, that the flrst Indian's example was followed by 
 all ; and Mr. Griffin coming forward with a copious 
 supply of the shiny pieces of metal, a metallic shower 
 ensued, which emulated the one told of in Danae's 
 story. The humorous scene which then took place 
 defies description. The scrambling among the dense 
 crowd, some fifty or sixty of whom were seen in every 
 variety of attitude, from the tiptoe of expectative posi- 
 tion to the various phases of the tumble and somerset, 
 the shouting and hurrahing, with some attempts at 
 imitation of the cries of delight of the savages, formed 
 an animated tableau, in which it would be difl[icult to 
 distinguish who were most delighted, the Indians, the 
 crowd, or the more respectable portion of the spectators, 
 including the ladies, several of whom (not the least 
 pretty) pressed forward and shook hands very cordially 
 with the Red-skins." 
 
 ■JIU 
 
 J_ 
 
 HABITS OF THE O.TIBBEWAYS.— CONDITION OF 
 THE INDIAN WOMEN. 
 
 The manner of living adoped by the Ojibbeways in 
 this country, is as like their native modes as circum- 
 stances will admit. They all live in one house, sitting, 
 eating, and lying upon the floor. Chairs and tables are 
 irksome rather than otherwise, and they only partially 
 avail themselves of the use of knives and forks. The 
 women are the patient and industrious companions of 
 their husbands. They are seldom idle, employing 
 themselves in making clothes for their families and 
 themselves. They are very fond of beads for the pur- 
 poses of ornament, and the squaws sit for hours together 
 busily embroidering the sides and hems of their gowns. 
 
,*. 
 
 17 
 
 -«u 
 
 *»«#■«• 
 
 They also have circular decorations of beads over each 
 breast, and in various other ways employ these small 
 glass ornaments in the embellishment of their attire. 
 When the present party was forming in Canada, and 
 Mr. Rankin proposed that two squaws should be selected, 
 the chiefs said, ** Why take women ? Nobody looks at 
 women." They imagined, from the condition of females 
 in their own land, that Europeans regarded women as 
 creatures of inferior importance to men. Indeed, 
 nothing astonished the Indians more than the con- 
 sideration shown their squaws in this country. In 
 their own land they are mere drudges, yet, although 
 they have a desponding, timid look, they are in reality 
 contented and happy. They are also virtuous and 
 modest, and strong in their affection for their husbands 
 and children. The tartan plaid given to them by the 
 Queen is a great source of gratification to them, and 
 they are very fond of wearing it before the public. 
 But, although the Ojibbeways allow themselves more 
 than one wife, and pay them none of those " delicate 
 attentions" so highly prized in civilised society, the 
 husbands in reality act towards their squaws with real, 
 steady, consistent kindness. The Old Chief has two 
 wives, and they labour equally as hard as the squaws of 
 the young men of the tribe. This arises from the 
 strong and general feeling in every Indian breast 
 against hiring themselves to work for another. There is 
 no servitude amongst them. The chief is head of the 
 party, by hereditary descent or by general opinion for 
 his valour in war, but the rest of the tribe are his 
 warriors and his children, not his servants. Hence the 
 wives of the chieftains are compelled to wait upon their 
 families in exactly the same manner as the squaw of the 
 youngest warrior. The men go out to the chase, and 
 having secured a deer or some fish, they throw it down 
 at the door of the lodge and conceive their labour over. 
 They do no more. The woman has to skin the deer 
 
18 
 
 and cut it up, and cook it, and wait upon the hunter. 
 She makes his clothes, and the clothes for their children. 
 She chops wood and draws water ; in fine, does all but 
 provide the food. Indeed, the woman would despise her 
 husband if he interfered witli such domestic and inferior 
 employments. The man docs nothing but smoke and 
 enjoy himself till the food is gone — he does not go 
 away until the last meal is devoured. They have no 
 prudence, no foresight, and never go forth in search of 
 more whilst a morsel remains in the lodge. Hence 
 they are liable to privations, which ordinary constitu- 
 tions could not bear up against; and it is, indeed, in 
 this power of sustaining themselves without food that 
 they alone show a superiority over the white man, since 
 their bodily strength is certainly not superior. An 
 European can beat them at hard work. If, when they 
 start again upon the chase, they chance to be unsuc- 
 cessful and return without food, they are at once desti- 
 tute, and continue in this condition frequently for days. 
 Wlien they do at length kill a deer, they again enjoy 
 themselves until all is gone, and thus go on through 
 their lives, alternating between plenty and privation. 
 
 The Young Child cannot fail to be noticed as an 
 interesting member of the party, and her presence 
 suggests a few words as to the Indian mode of nursing. 
 Soon after the child is born, a cradle is made for it, from 
 a flat piece of bark from a tree. To this it is lashed, in 
 a standing position, a swathe going round and round 
 body and cradle. A thong passes through the top of 
 the board, by which the mother slings the child behind 
 her, with its face looking, not towards her shoulders, 
 but from her, — the mother being back to back with the 
 child, and the thong slinging the infant to her head. 
 In this way the mother goes about on her journeys or 
 her work ; and when busy in the lodges hangs up her 
 child to the branch of a tree, high above danger. There 
 it swings, and cries itself to sleep, for no Indian regards 
 
 it 
 
19 
 
 the first cries of a child. They pay no attention to it, 
 and by the time the younn; creature is a few months old 
 it cries no more — it has been taught the uselessness of 
 such exhibitions of feeling, and never recurs to them in 
 after years ; yet the young Indian child is as happy as 
 the "coddled baby" of civilised life. Perhaps this early 
 custom of the parents has some influence in giving the 
 race that fortitude in the endurance of suffering, which 
 has so often displayed itself in acts of decided heroism. 
 
 The love of the mothers for their offspring is very 
 great, and Mr. Rankin relates one instance which came 
 within his own knowledge, of a squaw who lost, by 
 death, her only child. She made no noisy demonstra- 
 tion of grief, but formed a resolution to follow it to 
 the land of spirits. No persuasion, no suffering, could 
 change her purpose. She refused all sustenance, and 
 self-starvation slowly released the spirit of the parent to 
 seek, in another world, that of her departed child. 
 
 The Indians very seldom quarrel either with their 
 squaws, or with one another. They have now been 
 living many months as one family, yet never has the 
 least ill-feeling prevailed, nor one angry look been seen. 
 No people can appear more happy than they have done, 
 and no disappointments appear to ruffle their evenness of 
 temper. Their feeling of gratitude is very strong for any 
 kindness rendered them, and an instance is sometimes 
 mentioned bv Mr. Rankin. Next door to their abode 
 in London is living an old English gentleman, named 
 Saunders, who on several occasions invited them to his 
 house, and sought means of amusing and making them 
 happy. They were not unmindful of this, and formed a 
 strong friendship for him. On a late occasion, after a 
 repast, the Old Chief was noticed to be in close conversa- 
 tion with his followers, and at length made an harangue 
 after his usual mode, and to this effect : — He had a 
 favour to ask. His brother (Mr. Saunders) had shown 
 great kindness to his people. They loved him, and 
 
20 
 
 when they were again in their own land it would be 
 pleasant to see him still. They wished to have his face 
 (meaning a portrait). They would then be able to show 
 to their tribe the man who had been a fathe to them ! 
 The old gentleman kindly complied with tho request, 
 and the Ojibbeways, at their own expense, procured a 
 Daguerreotype likeness, which will, doubtless, for many 
 years hereafter, be handed down as a heirloom in the 
 forests of the far West. 
 
 THE DANCES. 
 
 The dances are very curious, and include the War 
 Dance, the Medicine Dance, and the Pipe Dance. 
 
 These are given to strange, yet not unmusical 
 chaunts, mingled with a sort of screeching shout. As 
 the dances go on they become more and more energetic, 
 then impetuous, until at last they are perfectly horrific. 
 The yells, the war-whoop (which is the screech, with 
 the fingers moved over the mouth), the stamping, the 
 rude music of the drum, the jingling of the small bells 
 with which they cluster themselves, makes up altogether 
 a sight and sound as strange, wild, and savage as the 
 dearest lover of the terrible could desire. 
 
 The War Dance is in several parts, during which 
 they change their attire ; appearing, during the latter 
 portion of it, in their ** war paint," with the body half- 
 naked. The Ojibbeway flag is a kind of staif, decorated 
 with feathers. It forms the sign of peace, as opposed 
 to the spear — decked with eagles' feathers, the sign of 
 war. 
 
 In their ball game they display a degree of dexterity 
 which would put our best racket- players to the blush. 
 This sport is seen to disadvantage in a room ; its proper 
 place being a prairie, with fifty or sixty young warriors 
 engaged in it. 
 
 The often-mentioned Calumet, or Pipe of Peace, is 
 
 :: 
 
21 
 
 also curious. It is of Indian make, and formed of a 
 very liard, heavy stone. It holds but a very small 
 quantity of tobacco. 
 
 [The Writek of the foregoing pages tliiiiks he cannot do better than 
 append to his description of the Ojibbeway Indians the following narrative. 
 It was sent to him from Bath, where the writer of it — a retired officer — now 
 lives. Upon perusing it, the defects which here and there mark the style 
 were not unnoticed; but the general air of truthfulness which pervades the 
 narrative, determined him not to change a line. The reader will not regret 
 this publication of the narrative i'l full, since it gives so simple, yet so strik- 
 ing an illustration of slavery in America, and at the same time alfords another 
 most interesting episode to be added to the many which have before been re- 
 corded in the pages of the Romance of Real Life] 
 
 AN ADVENTURE IN CANADA. 
 
 AN ILLUSTRATION OP SLAVKRY IN AME:RICA. 
 
 The following narrative relates, in his own words, with a few 
 verbal alterations, the adventures of a young British officer, of the 
 Upper Canadian Incorporated Militia, in 1837. 
 
 His name is Arthur Rankin, the same who is now in this 
 country with a party of Ojibbeway Indians. He had obtained a 
 short furlough from his station, New Windsor, in Upper Canada, 
 for the purpose of visiting his mother, in Toronto. He was 
 buoyant with the first maturity of early manhood ; he detested 
 the slave system of the United States, which he had explored. 
 His character was deliberate and decided. His habitual temper 
 was generous and mild. 
 
 Bathwick Lodge, Bath. C. Stuart. 
 
 " On the 10th of August, 1837, at six o'clock in the evening, 
 Arthur Rankin, a young officer, in the Incorporated Canadian 
 Militia, embarked on board of the steamer James Munro, at 
 Toledo, in the state of Ohio, bound for Buffiilo. Shortly after 
 leaving the wharf, he observed a black man standing on the upper 
 deck with his hands tied behind his back, and apparently in the 
 custody of two persons calling themselves constables. On inquir- 
 ing from one of them why the man was thus tied, he was informed 
 that the negro was a slave who had escaped from his master in 
 Kentucky, and had taken refuge in Canada upwards of twelve 
 months before, but as he was a smart young ' nigger,' and a good 
 mechanic, his master had offered a large reward for his recovery. 
 In view of this,' continued the informer, * I and my friend have 
 
22 
 
 succeeded in tracing him to his place of residence, at Windsor, in 
 Upper (^anada, opposite Detroit, where we kidnapped him last 
 night, and are now taking him back to Kentucky. We intend/ 
 added he, 'to land at Cleveland, and to proceed from thence to the 
 south by the canal.' 
 
 " Lieutenant Rankin was thoroughly disgusted with the 
 ruffian's statement and manner (for he spoke in a tone of 
 triumph), and remonstrated with him on his cruelty in keeping 
 his prisoner's hands tied, when there was no longer a possibility 
 of his escaping — the steamer being by this time in the open lake, 
 and several miles from land ; but he laughed the young officer to 
 scorn, and guessed that he must be an Abolitionist, adding that it 
 only served the nigger right, for he had no business to run away. 
 Rankin saw that remonstrance was vain, and leaving him, walked 
 up and down the deck, in company with an American gentleman 
 with whom he was slightly acquainted, and to whom he expressed 
 his feelings very freely, telling him, that he was determined to 
 attempt the rescue of the slave, even if it should cost him his life 
 in doing so. The American kindly tried to dissuade him from 
 his purpose, declaring that it would be perfect madness to think 
 of such a thing : that when at Cleveland, he would be upwards of 
 one hundred and twenty miles from the nearest part of Canada, 
 surrounded by enemies, with nobody to assist him; and that he 
 would certainly be murdered, as no one would dare to offer him 
 shelter or protection. But he had made up his mind, and was 
 not to be deterred, for he felt, that if he did lose his life, it 
 would be in a good cause ; and that it would be as easy for the 
 Almighty to rescue by means of one man, as by a hundred ; and 
 that without his blessing it never could be done. He retired to 
 bed at a late hour, but not to sleep, for his mind was busy all 
 night, in devising how to rescue the slave. He rose early in the 
 morning, and when he went on deck, he heard with delight, that 
 the boat had touched at a small village in the night, for the pur- 
 pose of taking in wood, and that the slave had there effected his 
 escape ; but long and fruitless search was made, until at length a 
 reward of about 2/., offered by his kidnappers, tempted one of the 
 crew to betray the poor fugitive, who, half-smothered, and shud- 
 dering, and aghast, was dragged out of his hiding-place, amidst 
 the taunts and insults of almost every one on board, — and there 
 must have been upwards of two hundred passengers beside the 
 crew. A more miserable object has probably never been seen; 
 his face, which was naturally jet black, turned ashy pale, and he 
 looked the picture of despair ; indeed, his appearance had such an 
 effect upon Lieutenant Rankin, that, losing all control of his feel- 
 ings, he upbraided the persecutors of the slave in most unmea- 
 
 4. 
 
 . s 
 
 « 
 
 
L>;^ 
 
 Am. 
 
 X 
 
 .1 
 
 I 
 
 •ured terms, and was supported in his censures hy three other 
 passcn^jrers ; one of them an English gentleman, and the others 
 two Americans. At this time the party was standing near the 
 bow of the boat on the upper deck, and, as one of the kidnapper* 
 constables was in the act of again tying the slave's hands, which it 
 appeared had been loosened during the night, the young officer 
 interfered, with the view of trying to prevent his doing so. While 
 thus engaged, the other constable, a tall Kentuckian, drew a dirk 
 and threatened to stab him to the heart if he persisted in inter- 
 fering with them, in what he called the discharge of their duty; 
 accompanying his threats with the most horrible oaths and abuse ; 
 but Rankin saw the description of man he had to deal with, and 
 assured the Kentuckian, that if he did not immediately sheath his 
 dirk, he would knock him overboard, beneath the wheels of the 
 steamer. The ruffian was cowed, and immediately sheathed his 
 weapon ; so true is it, that the most unfeeling tyrants are gene- 
 rally the greatest cowards. They were now within sight of Cleve- 
 land, and Rankin felt even more firmly resolved to attempt the 
 rescue, although he had as yet formed no plan of procedure. 
 However, he consulted with the Englishman and the two Ameri- 
 cans before-mentioned, and they promised to assist him. He also 
 ascertained, that the slave had been concealed the night before by 
 two coloured men belonging to the crew. He immediately went 
 in search of them, and informed them of his intention ; they at 
 first seemed incredulous ; but, on his assuring them that he was 
 in earnest, and that his mind was made up, they seemed overcome 
 with joy, — one of them actually shed tears ; and they both said they 
 would assist him to the utmost, even if they died for it 
 
 '* Lieutenant Rankin then asked if either of them could furnish 
 him with a pair of pistols, and found that they could not ; but one 
 of them told him that as soon as the boat touched the wharf, he 
 could get a pair from a friend of his who kept a barher's shop 
 near the landing-place. The rescuing force, thus pledged, 
 amounted to no less than six, viz., one Englishman, two white 
 Americans, two black Americans, and the young Canadian him- 
 self. He was so much emboldened by this augmentation that, on 
 returning to the deck, he could not forbear telling tho K.n- 
 tuckians that they were a couple of cowardly villains ; and 
 although they might think they had performed a great feat, by 
 kidnapping an unfortunate helpless slave in the dead of night from 
 Her Majesty's dominions, he was determined they should never 
 enjoy the reward of their villainy ; for he would take the slave 
 back, in spite of the*,n, and of the whole population of Cleveland. 
 They were by this time within ten miles of Cleveland, and Rankin 
 went down in the cabin and made a hearty breakfast, knowing it 
 
21 
 
 was quite uncertain how lonj? it would be before he shouhl get his 
 next meal. On aji;ain coming on deck he found they were enter- 
 ing the harbour, and not more than half a mile from where they 
 were to land : so he thought it time to collect his forces, which lie 
 had no diHlculty in doing. Their plan of attack was as followa. 
 Immediately on the boat touching the wharf, the black hand was 
 to spring on shore, and run to his friend's for the pistols, and get 
 him also to come to aid. As soon as the boat was secured, the 
 party was to land in a body, and directly the slave was brought on 
 shore, Rankin was to cut the cord which bound his hands, and 
 rush with him through the crowd ; the others ofllring every impe- 
 diment in their power to those who might be disposed to pursue, 
 Accordingly, as the steamer was coming alongside of a schooner, 
 and before she had reached the wharf, the black man jumped on 
 board the schooner, and thus got on shore in time to have both his 
 friend and the pistols on the wharf by the time the party landed, 
 llankin immediately seized the pistols and prepared for action, 
 liaving first seen that they were properly primed and loaded, 
 They then quietly awaited the approach of the enemy, and it 
 was not till the greater part of the passengers had landed that the 
 slave and his captors made their appearance. As soon as they 
 had landed, the Lieutenant, as previously arranged, advanced with 
 a knife in his hand, for the purpose of cutting the cord which 
 bound the slave's hands, but one of the constables seeing his ob- 
 ject seized him by the arm, and drawing a small dagger from his 
 bosom, threatened him with instant death if he dared to persist in 
 his object ; but Rankin was more than a match for him, and pro- 
 ducing one of his pocket-pistols, cocked it, seizing him by the 
 collar, presented it at his head, and declared he would blow his 
 brains out, if he did not immediately drop his dirk; this he 
 accordingly did without further hesitation, but at the same time 
 called upon his friend to run to a magistrate for a warrant to 
 arrest him. As his companion was in the act of doing so, Rankin 
 gave him a blow under the chin which knocked him over, and as 
 one of the party had in the meantime picked up the dirk, and cut 
 the prisoner loose, while the others kept the crowd from pressing 
 too closely upon them, Rankin saw there was no time to be lost, 
 and, with a cocked pistol in each hand, rushed through the crowd, 
 threatening to shoot any one who dared to interfere with them. 
 They then proceeded, as hard as they could run, closely followed 
 by their friends, and a motley crowd of men, women, and children 
 some encouraging and others hooting, to an adjoining wharf, where 
 a steamer, bound for Detroit, the " Daniel Webster," was there, 
 taking in wood ; but the people on board, having seen all that had 
 occurred, refused to allow the fugitives to come on board. They 
 
 i 
 
 ci; 
 
 I 
 
 -J( us. 
 
2r) 
 
 A 
 
 I 
 
 11 
 
 i lae. 
 
 were ntVaid of conscfiucnocs. Kaiikiu was then compelled to take 
 possession of a small boat, belotif^inp; to a schooner lyinf^ at the 
 same wharf, .irul jumpini? into it, followed by t1>e Knj^lisliman, 
 the slave, and tin ir friend the barber, they pulled directly across 
 the river, in the midst »f the threats of the people on board of the 
 schoomr, to aliool fliom if the} did not return. 
 
 " Having,' hauled in Ohio city, a small town belouj^ing to the 
 United States, directly opposite to Cleveland, they n)ade for the 
 woods as fast as they could, their friend the En^;lishman going 
 about a (juarter of a mile, and then returned. The fugitives con- 
 tinued to run till they got clear of the town, when they slackened 
 their pace, and consulted each other as to what was best to be done 
 next ; but as they all agreed that they had no time to lose, they 
 again took to their heels, and made for the woods as fast as they 
 could ; nor did they again stop, until, having crossed a deep 
 ravine and ascended the opposite bank, they obtained a full view 
 of the road leading from Cleveland, without danger of being seen. 
 There they sat down and rested ; and, after a little consultation, it 
 was agreed that they should remain where they were till the even- 
 ing, when the barber, who had accompanied them thus far, and 
 who now returned to Cleveland, should come to them with food, 
 and advice as to the best course to be next adopted. After he 
 had left them, the negro was posted in such a manner as gave him 
 a full view of the road for some distance, and telling him to keep 
 a brigiit look-out, and give notice the moment he saw anybody 
 approaching, Rankin threw himself down under the shade of a 
 tree, and then perceived, for the first time, that, in the scuffle at 
 Cleveland, he had dislocated his right thumb, which was now very 
 painful, and greatly swollen. After having been here about twenty 
 minutes, they observed a man dressed in black, walking at a very 
 rapid rate towards them, but it did not give them much alarm, as 
 he was quite alone, and apparently unarmed : however, as he drew 
 near, they were surprised to see him strike off the road into the 
 woods, and come straight towards them ; but as there was nothing 
 formidable in his looks, they quietly awaited his approach, and 
 even advanced to meet him : he proved, as was hoped from his 
 appearance, to be a friend, and had been directed to the spot 
 where the fugitives were concealed by the barber, whom he had 
 met at the entrance to the town. He came to ofier them every 
 assistance in his power, and very generously told Rankin that his 
 purse was at their service ; but he advised them strongly not to 
 remain any longer where they were, but to plunge deeper into the 
 forest, telling them that there was a small village about twenty 
 miles further to the west, at a place called Black River, where 
 they would be able to get on board of a steamer, and proceed to 
 
 I, 
 
26 
 
 Detroit ; he then shook them cordially by the hand, and, wishing 
 them God speed, returned to the town, while they struck into the 
 midst of the wilderness, and continued to march in what they 
 supposed to be a westerly direction for several hours, when they 
 suddenly came upon an opening in the woods, which proved to be 
 a settlement : when within five hundred yards of one of the 
 houses, they halted, and, after concealing the negro in a thicket, 
 Rankin walked up to the house — a small log building — for the 
 purpose of making inquiries, and of obtaining useful information, 
 if possible. On entering, he found it occupied by an old man 
 and two women. He asked one of them for a drink of water, 
 which was given in a very surly manner ; but he was not easily 
 discouraged, and, after thanking them for the water, he very 
 coolly took a chair, and sitting down without waiting for an 
 invitation, attempted to enter into conversation with the old man ; 
 but he found it no easy matter to do so, as he gave very short 
 answers, and began to put several questions which were rather 
 embarrassing; so he wished them good morning, and took his 
 departure : but, as he was turning the corner of the house (the 
 windows being open), he heard the old man remark, * I guess 
 that ere chap aint after no good — he aint no better than he should 
 be, I calculate — if it was n't for my sore foot, I guess I would 
 follow him, and see what he is about ;' to which one of the women 
 replied, she * dare say he had some nigger hid in the bush :' this 
 remark Rankin supposed was called forth by his having asked 
 the old man whether he was an Abolitionist. He, however, got 
 the drink of cold water, which refreshed him very much, ascer- 
 tained that it was two o'clock, that the road beside which the 
 house was built was the main road leading from Cleveland to 
 Black River, and that it was more or less settled all the way. 
 
 " On returning to the place where the negro was concealed, he 
 found him anxiously looking out for him ; and not thinking it 
 Sdfe to remain so near the clearing, they again struck into the 
 woods, and continued to walk for a couple of hours, as nearly as 
 they could guess, in a westerly direction, taking care always to 
 keep out of the range of the settlements, till they came to a deep 
 ravine, with a beautiful little stream winding through it. They 
 descended and refreshed themselves with a drink of delightfully 
 cold water, after which they climbed up the opposite bank and lay 
 down in the shade of the surrounding trees. They had several 
 times, within the last hour, heard shots in different directions 
 around them, but supposed them to proceed from sportsmen, and, 
 as they were at a considerable distance, took very little notice 
 of them, particularly as they had seen several flocks of pigeons 
 during the day; but after having remained here about twenty 
 
 I 
 
 < - 
 
27 
 
 minutes, they were alarmed at hearinj? the shots repeated much 
 nearer and more frequently, as if closing upon them. Still 
 Kankin would not have suspected anything, had it not been for 
 the slave, who now seemed perfectly terrified, and declared he was 
 convinced it was an armed party in pursuit of them : there was now 
 but one course left, which whs to proceed as fast as they could in 
 the only direction where they had not heard shots ; this they did, and, 
 after walking about a couple of miles, came to a clearing. Rankin 
 ventured out first, and after looking carefully about him, and seeing 
 nobody, he beckoned the slave to follow, and struck boldly 
 through a field which led them to the high road ; this they 
 crossed, and after going through a field of Indian corn, which 
 providentially was high enough to conceal them from view, they 
 passed within three hundred yards of a brick house, and continued 
 on a short distance further, till they again came to the woods ; 
 but after walking a short distance, they perceived by the clear 
 appearance through the trees, that they were drawing near the 
 lake, and in a few minutes they arrived at its banks, which were 
 very high and steep, and, from where they stood, commanded a 
 full view of the town of Cleveland, which, to their great mortifica- 
 tion, did not appear to be more than four or five miles distant. 
 From hence they proceeded slowly along the banks till they came 
 to a deserted old mill, where they rested themselves a short time, 
 and then continued on a short distance further, when they came 
 upon a large corn field, in the midst of which was a log hut; and 
 as they saw some black children playing about the door, they 
 thought they might venture to show themselves. As they ap- 
 proached, they saw a black man at work at a short distance from 
 the house ; they went up to him, and asked him if he could get 
 them something to eat and drink, as they were by this time both 
 very tired, and almost faint with hunger and thirst ; but he was 
 unable to supply them, as he said he was only a hired man, and 
 his master (another coloured man) was not at home, and the door 
 was locked. Kankin then asked him if there were any Abolition- 
 ists in the neighbourhood, and was told that there was a person of 
 that character, who kept, a public-house on the main road, about 
 two miles from where they were ; and, on being promised a re- 
 ward, he consented to guide them to this place after he had 
 finished his day's work. It was now past six o'clock, and after 
 waiting in the woods a short distance off for nearly an hour, their 
 guide made his appearance, and said he was ready to show them 
 the way. 
 
 " On arriving within a short distance of the house, the young 
 officer sent his guide forward to ask the landlord to come and 
 meet him. After some hesitation tlie landlord very kindly did so, 
 
28 
 
 and they then walked forward, and w)^re shown into a small room 
 adjoining the bar, and separated from it only by a thin board 
 partition, and without any means of fastening the door inside. 
 They had scarcely been there fifteen minutes, when a wagon 
 drove up to the door, and two men with rifles in their hands 
 alighted from it, and walked into the bar-room, and called for a 
 glass of grog. Rankin now thought his race was run: the poor 
 negro, overcome with fatigue, had thrown himself on the floor, and 
 was already sound asleep, with his head under the table. Almost 
 the first question put by tlie landlord to these persons was, ' Well, 
 have you seen or heard anything of them ? * to which they replied 
 in the negative; but said it would be impossible for them to 
 escape, as they had been already at Black River, and had left a 
 description of them at that place, as well as at all the public - 
 houses along the road ; and beside, there had been a party of 
 riflemen in pursuit of them through the woods all day, and it was 
 quite probable they would find them safe in jail at Cleveland. 
 One of them remarked, he cared very little about the nigger, but 
 he would give a thousand dollars for a good shot at the Spaniard 
 (meaning Rankin). This conversation, it may be supposed, 
 intermingled as it was with the most frightful oaths, and as dis- 
 tinctly audible as if he had been in the same room, was not of the 
 most agreeable nature to Rankin, particularly as he would have 
 to contend with them alone, for he dared not arouse the negro for 
 fear of attracting their attention by making the least noise ; how- 
 ever, he resolved to sell his life as dearly as possible, and pulling 
 out both his pistols, determined to have the first shot if they 
 should attack him, thinking that if he could only floor one of 
 them, he would be a match for the other ; but, after a good deal 
 more swearing, and threats of what they would do, if they could 
 only get hold of the fugitive, they again got into their wagon 
 and drove off*. 
 
 " As soon as they had gone, the landlord came into the room, 
 and congratulated them on their narrow escape, and told them the 
 two men who had just gone had passed at ten o'clock that morning 
 in pursuit of them ; and that four other men, armed with rifles, 
 had likewise been at his house during the day in search of them ; 
 but he assured them that they need be under no apprehension, as 
 he would not betray them, and they would be perfectly safe in his 
 house. Supper, which had been previously ordered, was now 
 brought in, and they made a most hearty meal, having eaten 
 nothing from eight o'clock in the morning till then (nine at 
 night). After having finished their supper, they were conducted 
 by the host up stairs, into a garret, where beds had been prepared 
 for them. Rankin then asked him for his advice, as to what was 
 
 t. 
 
 
 i 
 
29 
 
 1. 
 
 '\ 
 
 
 to be done next, and what he thought would be the best means for 
 their escape. The landlord was of opinion, that they had better 
 remain concealed in his house for two or three days, till the pur- 
 suit would be in some measure abandoned; " IJut," said he, "at 
 all events, I am going to Cleveland in the morning, and when I 
 return I will be better able to advise you ;" and, wishing them good 
 night, he left them. They now turned in, and in a few minutes 
 were both sound asleep ; nor did Rankin awake till he was 
 called by his host in the morning to come down to breakfast, 
 where he was introduced to the family. The wife, who was an 
 agreeable and kind old woman, asked the young officer a number 
 of questions, such as, how old he was, whether he had a mother, 
 &c. ; and remarked, how miserable she would be if she knew how 
 he was then situated. After breakfast, the good man started for 
 Cleveland (which was only seven miles distant), and assured them 
 he would be back by four in the afternoon. In the meantime 
 Rankin again returned to the garret, and throwing himself down 
 on the bed, thus passed the day till the appointed hour for the 
 host's return ; but five, six, and seven o'clock passed without any 
 sign of him, and it was not till shortly after seven that he arrived. 
 Rankin could not help feeling uneasy at his long stay, particu- 
 larly as he could distinctly hear, upon his entering the house, that 
 there were other people with him. He now began to fear that 
 they had been betrayed, and casting his eyes about the room, he 
 saw an old axe lying on the floor. With this he armed the slave, 
 and posted him at the head of the stairs, with orders, should they 
 be attacked, to strike backwards the first man who should attempt 
 to force his way up stairs ; and it was nearly half an hour after- 
 wards before the host made his appearance at the foot of the stairs, 
 with a candle in his hand, during which time their feelings can be 
 better imagined than described. However, seeing he was alone, 
 they did not oflfer any resistance to his coming up. He told them 
 he had been unavoidably detained longer than he expected ; that he 
 had heard a great deal of talk about them, and that printed descrip- 
 tions of them, offering 500 dollars reward for their apprehension, 
 were posted up all about the town, and concluded by proposing to 
 them the following mode of escape. He said he had a cousin, a 
 near neighbour of his, who, for a certain sum, would undertake to 
 drive them that night to a small village, called Fairport, thirty- 
 five miles east of Cleveland, and that they would arrive there early 
 in the morning, in time for a steamer which would leave that 
 place at eight o'clock for Buffalo. This struck Rankin as being 
 so good a plan, that he adopted it without hesitation (particularly 
 as he thought it probable there would be no look-out for them in 
 thai direction, because ihev were known to have fled to the wcst- 
 
 1- 2 
 
30 
 
 ward), and in another half-hour they were on the road, Rankin on 
 a seat with the ohi farmer, and the slave in the bottom of the 
 wagon, covered with straw. Providentially it was very dark, and 
 rained steadily all night, and thus they passed through the town of 
 Cleveland at eleven o'clock, without attracting any notice, their 
 appearance being that of a couple of farmers jogging home from 
 market. They arrived safely at Fairport at seven in the morning, 
 and embarked on board the steamer, *' General Porter," bound for 
 Buffalo, where they arrived, without any accident, before sunrise 
 on the following morning. They crossed the river at Black Rock 
 in a small boat, and arrived at Fort Erie, in Canada, before any- 
 body was up. Rankin left the slave there, and returned to Buftklo 
 for his baggage; one of his friends on board of the "James 
 Munro," having promised to see it safely deposited there for him, 
 He found it readily, and going into the hotel to breakfast, was 
 recognised by some of his fellow-passengers to Cleveland. They 
 congratulated him cordially on his safety ; assured him he was 
 under no danger from them, but they told him that a large reward 
 was advertised for his apprehension, and urged him to proceed to 
 Canada immediately. He returned to Fort Erie for the fugitive, 
 re-crossed the river to Black Rock with him, proceeded by the 
 railroad to Lewistown, and, taking the Canadian steamer, was safe 
 in his mother's arms in the evening in Toronto." 
 
 Travelling through the northern part of Ohio, in 1841, I 
 seized the opportunity of visiting the scene of the above adven- 
 ture. The name of Arthur Rankin's generous host is Kidney. I 
 purposely lodged a night at his house, and heard from his own lips 
 his share of the adventure. He showed me the rooms which 
 Arthur Rankin and the poor fugitive had occupied. His wife 
 appeared to be a feeling Christian woman, and his family serious 
 and well-ordered. He himself was above disguise, and gave me 
 full leave to record his name. Arthur Rankin is my eldest 
 sister's youngest son. I have known him from his infancy ; his 
 character is well depicted by the above adventure — generous, 
 daring, and determined — deliberate, yet unshrinking — an ardent 
 lover of truth, of justice, and of lawful liberty — utterly detesting 
 falsehood and oppression, yet, when not fired by wrong to resist or 
 correct it, dutiful, aiFectionate, and mild. 
 
 C. STUART. 
 Bathwick Hill, Bath, March 25, 1844. 
 
 THE END.