IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) 1.0 I.I ti 2.0 1.8 1.25 1.4 1.6 — .4 6" - ► V] <^ /2 % ^l %\/ /A Photographic Sciences Corporation '^^ 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 (716) 873-4503 \ ^.^ M^ ^ &A ^ r CIHM/ICMH Microfiche Series. CIHM/ICMH Collection de microfiches. Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques et bibliographiques The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images in the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. a n n D D n D Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur I I Covers damaged/ Couverture endommagde Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restaurde et/ou pelliculde I I Cover title missing/ Le titre de couverture manque I I Coloured maps/ Cartes g^ographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) I I Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations an couleur Bound with other material/ Reli6 avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ Lareliure serr^e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distortion le long de la marge int^rieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont pas dtd filmdes. Additional comments:/ Commentaires suppl^mentaires; L'Institut a microfilmd le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-dtre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la mdthode normale de filmage sont indiquds ci-dessous. n n n n n n Coloured pages/ Pages de couleur Pages damaged/ Pages endommagdes Pages restored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurdes et/ou pelliculdes Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages ddcolor^es, tachetdes ou piqu^es Pages detached/ Pages d6tach6es Showthrough/ Transparence Quality of print varies/ Qualit^ in^gale de I'impression Includes supplementary material/ Comprend du materiel supplementaire Only edition available/ Seule Edition disponible Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to ensure the best possible image/ Les pages totalement ou partiellement obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure, etc., ont 6t6 filmdes d nouveau de fapon d obtenir la meilleure image possible. The to th The poss of th filmi Origi begii the sion, othe first sion, or ill The shall TINl whic Mapi diffe entir begir right requi meth This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filmd au taux de reduction indiqud ci-dessous 10X 14X 18X 22X 26X 30X y 12X 16X 20X 24X 28X 32X re l^tails 9S du nodifier 3r une ilmage BS The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Library of the Public Archives of Canada The images appearing here are the best quality possible considering the condition and legibility of the original copy and in keeping with the filming contract specifications. Original copies in printed paper covers are filmed beginning with the front cover and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, or the back cover when appropriate. Al! other original copies are filmed beginning on the first page with a printed or illustrated impres- sion, and ending on the last page with a printed or illustrated impression. The last recorded frame on each microfiche shall contain the symbol —»- (meaning "CON- TINUED"), or the symbol V (meaning "END"), whichever applies. L'exemplaire filmd fut reproduit grSce & la g6n6ro8it6 de: La biblioth^que des Archives publiques du Canada Les images suivantes ont 6t6 reproduites avec le plus grand soin, compte tenu de la condition et de la nettet6 de l'exemplaire film6, et en conformity avec les conditions du contrat de filmage. Les exemplaires originaux dont la couverture en papier est imprim6e sont film6s en commenpant par le premier plat et en terminant soSt par la dernidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration, soit par le second plat, selon le cas. Tous les autres exemplaires originaux sont filmds en commandant par la premidre page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la dernidre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symboles suivants apparaitra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole — »> signifie "A SUIVRE", le symbole V signifie "FIN". Maps, plates, charts, etc., may be filmed at different reduction ratios. Those too large to be entirely included in one exposure are filmed beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to right and top to bottom, as many frames as required. The following diagrams illustrate the method: Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre filmds d des taux de reduction diffdrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour §tre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film6 d partir de I'angle supdrieur gauche, de gauche d droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images ndcessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mdthode. errata to I pelure, an d U 32X 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 '^'■'v *«■• ] > v fo?5 r'S» HINTS 1 < ■l';;-'^^- TO ■f EMIGRliNTS, ■ ..'■" ;j: * . RESPECTING • iS\,-^ ' ■■^■r^ mRTH AMERICA, ^^^ i; f«r*^ ^^ .•>•** i*1^' jf ,^ 'J ,^•1 QUEBEC: PRINTBD BY THOMAS CART & CO. is-^i. ■■<■• * I I ■ i .fc.- ■.-.; -■*^> • H .'k-'-' If ,- <0 '-' •' •* - V ? V 'S^f_. V. f I .•;; vA. . ? A-* .-»• ■m* Quebec, 6th March, kS^l, J±T M period wlien distre^fs to an unexampled degree per- vades all parts of the United Kingdom, it may reasonably be expected that many thousand persons^ of different classes, will avail themselves, in the ensuing season, of the means these rising Colonies afford, for a wider and more advantageous field for the employment of their industry to all, and the investment of capitor to those who possess it, by Emigrating to the Canadas, And^ as persons resident in the Moi her Country, have, for the most part, but a very imperfect idea of the actual state and future prospects of the Emigrant, on his arrival in Canada, the follow^ ing Practical Hints, extracted from a pamphlet, on Emigration, published in London in 1^28,* together with the instructions issued from the office of His Majesty's resident Agent for Set- tlers at Quebec,, are particularly recommended to the serious attention of those who intend to Emigrate. In publishing them, in the present form, some articles, relating to Emigration tvhich have appeared in the Quebec papers have been prefixed, and the whole, it is lioped, will prove worthy the attentive pei'usal of those who take a lively interest in bettering the condition of the labour- ing population of Great Britain and Ireland, In this expec- tation it is submitted to the pubUc by ' I ■ i AN EMIGRANT, ¥. - ♦ See page 26. ■ J A 2 Z V From the Quebtc Gazette^ by Authority^ December 9th 1830, EMIGRATION— NEW SETTLEMENTS-1830, Patria sis idoneuSf utilis agris. At the close of the season of 1830, it is most graiifyuig to find, that the result has been such as to verify the most sanguine expectations, both as regards the number of Emigrants arriv- ing in this port — the ultimate settlement of the majority in these Provinces — their present means, and their prospects for the future. In our notice of the result of the former year, 1S29, we calculated the expected emigration into Quebec for 1850, in round numbers, at about 30,000 souls. We have now the pleasure of submitting to our readers several facts, and cal- culations, obtained from the best authority ; which we conscientiously believe to be rather under, than over-rated. They will prove that the views of those, who looked to the influx of British population and capital into these Pro- vinces, as conducive to the best interests of the country, have not been visionary : while they lead us to expect further good effects from t)i^ same cause, under the improved system, and the precautionary arrangements, which we have reason to hope and believe, will ere long be taken up and completed, under the highest Legislative authority of the Empire. A3 The total number of Emigrants from the United Kingdom in 1830, amounted to 28,100, viz : — From Ireland 17,5% do. England fJ,8!)5 do. Scotland 2,(J0n do. Wales 204 Irish and Scottish from Nova Scotia nnd • Newfoundland 280 Reported at Montreal .500 Total Emigrants in 1830 28,075 The amount of Emigrants in 1828, was 12,000 do 1821), 1.5,94.5 Total during the last three years 56', 020 According to the best calculation that can be made, it is observable, that in the year 1828, about one twelfth part of the Emigrants, land- ing in Quebec, remained in Lower Canada. In 1829, more than one fifth part remained. In 1830, considerably exceeding one third j)ari have taken up their habitations in this Province, and are now in active progress of settlement. ?o much for the real increase of British Settlers in Lower Canada. Again, in the year 1828, fully one half of all the Emigrants who arrived in Quebec, proceeded to some part of the United States. The proportion of persons of the latter description in 1829 was conside- rably smaller, while in the present year, 18^0, "'>J I out of an Emigration exceeding SSjOOO, it is pietty nearly ascertained that not more than 0,500 pissed through the Canadas, and fimilly settled in the United States, Upon informa- tion derived from Upper Canada^ and other places, it is fair to presume, that a reflux of British settlers has entered these Provinces, amounting to but few short of the number admitted to have passed through the Canadas, in their way to settle among our Republican neighbours, A very coni?iderable number of Emigrants, who arrived this season at New York, are known to have found their way into the Can- adas, by way of Oswego ; and a large portion of valuable Settlers from the United Kingdom^ came to Montreal, through St. John's. Among these latter were many Highlanders, and farmers from Sutherlandshire, now principally located, as the phrase is, in Chateauguay and its vicinity. In addition, we havi? great pleasure in men- tioning, that several respectable Scotch families from Perthshire, who landed last June in the port of New York, are actually at this moment settled in the rising Township t)f Leeds. In the district of Quebec, upwards of 4,300 persons, of this year's Emigration, have ob- tained seitlonienl, and full e(iDployment, Every attention has been paid to a very 8 ^i important line of settlement on Craig's Road ; and the result has been, that 300 families, or about 1,500 persons have been located on that road, principally in the Townships of Leeds, Inverness, Ireland, and in the seigniories of St. Giles, St. Croix, &c. In the Township of Frampton, the increase of population this year has been found to ex- ceed 350 persons, giving this year a total of 900 souls, whereas in 1828, the population did not exceed 160. Nearer the city of Quebec, the settlements of Stoneham and Tewksbury have bteii greatly improved within the past year ; and generally, industrious families have been added to the population of the neighbouring country. We have said above that in this district 4,300 persons have obtained locations. But the whole number which has remained in the Lower Pro- vince may be fairly estimated at 1 1,000. Upper Canada has found employment and lands for 10,000, and these two sums, added to the 7000, who have proceeded to the United States, make up, as nearly as a calculation can be got at, the gross amount of the Emigration of 1830, namely'28,000. In again alluding to the 7000 gone to the United States, the reflux mention- ed above must be taken into account, amount- ing, as there are good grounds for belielj to nearly an equal number. 9 B The increase of the Township of Inverness, in the new county of Megantick, is worthy of jarticular notice. In May, 1829, when Mr, uchanan, the Resident Agent for settlers and Emigrants, first visited that Township, its population did not exceed 120 souls, with 220 acres of land, cleared and under crop. On the 1st September, 1830, or sixteen months afterwards, it is within our knowledge, that the population was found to exceed 800 souls, with 1040 acres of land cleared and under crop. The Highland settlementi of Hamilton, in the same Township of Inverness, was commenced in July 1829, at a spot nine miles from any habitation. On the 1st September J 830, it possessed 23 dwelling houses, 17 stables, 9 barns, 40 head of cattle, and 134 acres of clear- ed land and under crop. It is worthy of men- lion and of praise, that many ot the settlers in Hamilton, last spring, made large quantities of maple sugar, of a quality which, when shown in Quebec, excited general surprise and admi- ration, considering the very short existence of the settlement. The number of unemployed poor has in former years been a great annoyance to the inhabitants, both of town and country. — Humanity has been grievously put to the proof, and public sympathy was g^erally and sue- 10 I * I cessfuUy excited. In 1827 and 1828, when Emigration to Quebec amounted to 12000 souls, not one half of that of the present year, the number of unemployed, and therefore dis- tressed strangers, was very considerable. Tlie calls upon private charity were loud and frequent — benevolent institutions were formed —•and the crying evil was but in part removed. In 1829; when Emigration had advanced to near 16,000, the number of unemployed poor at the close of the season was much reduced, in proportion to that of the preceding year; and at the present time, the 9th December, J830, at the close of an immigration on our chores amounting to 28,000, and exceeding all that has been before experienced in the history of British or any other Emigration, to one port — it is a fact, that the number of unem- ployed poor strangers, in this city, was never known to be so trifling, and, consequently, so little burthensome on the inhabitants. These are facts that speak loudly in favor of the general state of the Province, as regards Emigration. We think they are conclusive of very great improvement, arising, in a great measure, from the judicious policy of the Gov- ernment at home, in placing the interests of the strange and inexperienced Emigrant, who arrives in this vast country, at once in the N 11 charge of a repponsible officer, (o whom may be safely confided his hopes, his means, his present employment, and future advancement in life. In other paints of view, the retrospect, at the close of tlie year 1830. is not less satisfactory. It may be shortly stated that liie Revenue of this year will exceed that of 1829, as that ex- ceeded the Revenue of any previous year, while it is generally admitted on all hands that, moral, agricultural and mechanical improve- ment is daily extending itself throughout every part of the Province. Two Steam Boats are at (his moment build- ing in this port. One, on a large scale, will ply between Halifax and Quebec, connecting locrether the several British Colonies in North America — the other of sufficient dimensions for the pui'pose, will run as a ferry-boat between this city and St. Nicholas, the outlet of the Craig's Road Settlement. With respect to the amount of Emigration to be expected next year from the United Kingdom, it is not too much to consider it as likely to reach 40,000 souls. But, tinder these circumstances, it is of paramount importance to the well being of so large an influx of set- tlers, and due most especially to the country which wonld fain gladly receive them, that 12 i: '^. some Legislative measure or arrangement should be completed during the present Ses- sion of the Imperial Parliament, in order to provide for that portion, small, \ve hope, which come out under the denomination of paupers. We use not the term as one of reproach, for whenever this desirable enactment, or under- standing, is made public and acted upon, their industry in this country, and the means here afforded, will soon place them far beyond the reach (3f poverty. We well know, by what we have frequently witnessed, that full reliance may be placed on the energy and personal exertions of the Resi- dent Agent, who in fact did every thing in his power to mitigate the condition of certain Pauper Emigrants, most injudiciously sent out last season by the parishes, and others, without proper means of support and settlement. We hope this will reach the eye of those interested at home, in the removal of such emigrants as came from Cellbridge, and other places, for it is unreasonable to expect that the Quebec public should be exposed to a repetition of so imprudent and unjust a proceeding. Finally, we congratulate our readers on the statements made above, the importance of which will amply justify the length to which we have extended this article. It is now clear that .1 13 Emigration judiciously conducted, must tend to the mutual benefit, assistance, and welfare of the Empire on the one hand, and of the Pro- vince on the other. It blesses both the giver and the receiver. Whether, then, we consider the introduction of capital — the improvement of waste lands — the acquisition of a loyal, peaceable and industrious population — it must be admitted that there is good in Emigration : nor can he be deemed a sound politician^ or a wise patriot, who refuses his approbation to its continuance and extension. From the Quebec Gazette^ by Juthority^ of January 13/A, 1831 LABOURING POOR— EMIGRATION- TIMBER TRADE. We are happy to find by the papers lately received from England that the difficult subject of the Poor has been taken up by practical men in the House of Lords. The Marquess of Salis- bury and the Duke of Richmond are persons to whom this important question may be safely confided. A Committee on the Poor Laws was sitting at the last dates, and the Duke of Richmond had moved that the evidence be printed. We expect with confidence that the result will be the promotion, on a commensurate scale, of our favorite system of Emigration, as the certain means of relieving the temporary V\ w M k pressure of distress among the laboring Poor indifferent parts of the United Kingdom. The Public most have read with feelings of sympathy the accounts of the distress in Lime- rick alone. The sum of it must have been greatly exaggerated — but deep and almost in- curable distress there certainly is, there and elsewhere. The riots, and the burnings in England have their origin in the distressed situation of portions of the labouring poor.— Their very banners declare, that they are sup- posed to exist, with their families, on one shil- Ung and sixpence per week ! The immense field which these Provinces offer for practical Emigration is now acknow- ledged at home; and the circumstances alluded to above cannot but most strongly impress upon the mind the advantages to the Poor themselves, could they by the interference of Government, by Parochial assessment, by the Mortgaging of the Poor Rates, by their own exertions, or by any "proper means, be settled in the Canadas during the season of Navigation. With very trifling pecuniary assistance, com- pared to the benefit obtained, from thirty to fifty thousand laboiing paupers might be pro- vided for, prudently and satisfactorily, in these Provinces, Among the 28,000 Emigrants arrived last 1^ season, who may be considered the avant cou^ reurs of a much larger body, those who remain* ed in these Provinces are in general comforta- bly established, or have the fairest prospects of being so. Some of thern were nearly desti- tute and had been receiving parochial relief at home. Those who came from Cellbridge, though landed upon our shores without capital, would not at this moment return to the coun- try they fled from. We mention these facts to prove, that not even poverty on arrival here is an evil without remedy. It may be got over ; and we are ourselves acquainted with several instances where a good house covers the pau- per family of 1829. Those unfortunate persons who though dis- tress are now disturbing the tranquillity of Kent and Hampshire, if removed to these Provinces, would soon be able to maintain themselves in peace and good order. One half of the sum annually levied upon the Counlies to defray the expences of the extraordinary Police, and the Criminal prosecutions, would be fully adequate to the establishment of such a number of Labouring Poor- in these Province* as would materially relieve the local pressure of pauperism at home. At all events, some such experiment should be tried ; and for the take of humanity we hope it will be tried in the J- il" ^. (>■"• fi if' 1 V • ^ >v; . ^?- * K ii V' li t. it ' .4 ■•1 f / 16 course of next season. We rejoice that the subject i« now before the House of Lords, where perhaps more may be effected than in the Lower House. A great alarm has not unreasonably been excited respecting the Colonial views of the present Ministry. From the opinions their adherents have long been supposed to entertain, from their pub- lished pamphlets, and from their speeches in Parliament, it may be feared that some altera- tion will be made in the Timber duties unfa- vourable to this country. The speeches of Mr. Warburton go directly to annihilate the Canada Timber Trade — but we cannot believe that Ministers will commit an act^ so suicidal to the prosperity of the British and Colonial naviga- tion, as the removal of the protecting duties would undoubtedly prove. Not only in a Commercial view, but as friends to Emigration, we look upon such a change in the Timber trade with dread. It is in these vessels that most of the Emigration reaches this port. It is a profitable freight to the ship-master, it is beneficial to the Province from the expenditure caused on arrival, and it is cheap and conveni- ent to the Emigrant himself. To Ireland in particular, which has lately become an extensive ship-owning country, any O ii lat the Lords, han in ^ been of the ^e long r pub- hes in altera- unfa- of Mr. ])anada e that to the laviga- duties |r in a ration, ['imber Is that rt. It ir, it is iditure nveni- laiely 7, any IT- change in the duties will be disastrous. Much of the Irish shipping, we might say, the greatest part is engaged in Colonial Trade. Most of these vessels bring out settlers to the country. Instead of 800 vessels being numbered on arrival in this harbour, we fear the number will be diminished nearly one half, should the measure we deprecate, in common with the Mercantile body, ever be adopted into the Councils of the Nation. The Motto of Canada will lose the fine meaning hitherto attached to it, and be- come an unmeaning and untelligible sen- tence. — Ducit opes animumqueferro. f From the Quebec Gazette by Authority^ 2Mh yFilnXary^ 1831. It is with sincere regret that we r^ad in our New York papers the details of the very urgent distress which prevails among the poor in that otherwise thriving City. There are, we believe, sixteen wards ; and in one. we perceive' that 1500 persons are supported by daily rcttions of Soup and BrtTad : — in another, the seventh, no less that 500 families are reported destitute of food and clothing. No less than 12,000 persons are now maintained there by private subscrip- tion, and charitable donations. In this emer- gency, where the expense of fuel and the cold- B I 18 ?, r, '1 i I:. i l«^ ness of the season have been extreme, wood having been sold as high as £5 currency per Cord, the exertions of ibe richer classes of llie community have been most meritorious. The subscriptions in the different Wards^ have been extremely liberal, and we perceive that the ladies of New York have been foremost in the good work of charily, as they are found to be here, and every where. The New York Spectator , of February 1st, mentions, that the Secretary of the Slate ha(l lately made a Report to the House of Assembly at Albany, by which it appears that the cost of superintending and maintaining the Puor in forty-four counties of the State of New-York, for the year 1830, amounted to four hundred and sLvtt/rfive thousand dollars. The number of indigent persons supported in Alms Houses was 15,506, and they cost nearly thirty-dollars a man above their earnings, making as near as possible the above sum. In addition to this, the gross expenditure for buildi»>gi and maintaining in repair the Alms Hc^MS'es, amounted to about eight hundred and sitti/'five thousand dollars^ six per cent, interest upon which, or more i\\an fiffj/- one thousand dollars^ must be added to the above sum of four hundred and sixty fxe thousand dollars^ making the wliole expense- of the outlay by \\\o p^.-ta-e^wi'-m^ 19 State of New- York, for its pauper establish- nientSj to amount to five hundred and sixteen Ihousand!^ dollars^ or £129,000 currency per annum. ^ Wlien this is considered to be entirely inde- pendent of casual charity, we confess we are surprised at the magnitude of the sums. We cannot but turn with satisfaction to the contrast afibrded in the present situation, as to pauper- ism, of these growing Provinces, where in spite of increasing Emigration, the number of un- empU)yed poor has never increased. Indeed, at this moment, Lower Canada may vie witli any part of the European or American Con- tinents, both as as to internal condition, and future prosperity. With a Revenue increasing beyond all precedent, and that, too, produced without any direct tax upon the industry of the })eople — a state free from debt-^a rapidly in- creasing, and a notoriously contented popula- tion — ample employment for the sober and in- dustrious of every description — with extensive iiacts of fertile lands, fit for settlement either by Emigrants from home, or by the laboring and agricultural classes already in the Province — it would be extremely difficult to point out a more favored portion of the British domi- nions : — Hie terrarum mild prceter omnes ' \ Angulus 7idct i(hi^ S^'C. I ■■■■I ,. i -r 20 These flattering prospects, which this Pro- vince may justly expect losee realized, are the more satisfactory, as there is every teason to expect an Emigration, next season^ amounting to 40,000 souls. Let only satisfactory arrange- ments be made by the wisdom of the Imperial Parliament, and these Provinces will afford inexhaustible means of provision for the sur- plus population of the Empire. 3 Ml I ' I 21 From the Quebec Mercury^ ist March ^ 1831* TIMBER TRADE AS CONNECTED WITH EMI- GRATION. In a late number was given the report of a debate, "which took place in the Assembly of Upper* Canada, on the introduction of certain resolutions, by Mr. Morris, relative to the apprehended reduction of duties on Baltic timber in England, together with those Resolntions which were unanimously adopted by the hou^e. It will be satis- factory to the well winhers oftlie.se Colonies to know timt the Legislature of the Sister Province has been so promptly alive to a subject of such great importance to the trade and prosperity of the British North American Colonies, and that it has also excited an equal interest in Halifax, St. John's, and other places in the maritime provinces. There were two points, in the debate above referred to, touched upon by almost all the speakers ; we mean, the facilities which the veissels coming for lumber afford to the thousands of emigrant swho yearly throng to our fthores, and the advantages which, they testify, UpperCa-* nada derives from the influx of these settlers, who, in theij^ native land, were a burthen to the nation, but who, in the colonies, tind a wide and encouraging field for the exer- cise of their industry, and whilst they attain a compara< live state of affluence, add, by their labour, to the riches and resources of their adopted country, as well as of that they have left. For in the Colonies they not only main- tain themselves, instead of being maintained at an ex- pense to the nation, as at home — but actually expend more money in British manufactured goods than they ever could have had the means of 4Q|^g^ had they re* mained in the United Kingdom. ^.y^ , uf r We are happy in hearing the fav^yniJd^,1^stimony of so many intelligent gentlemen, who £p3i«e,^ the Assem- bly of Upper Canada, on the occasion alluded io^* of the value of the emigrant population, because they have the best opportunities of knowing, from personal observation, the actual state of these people, and we li ii 22 5.. !i t I 1 1 ' W : » ,! i.: think their evidence Bolcmnly given* as it was, may he cs- Bcntial in proinotinj; nnextenMvc emigration, niilcd hy liin Majesty's Guvernment at home, as a meuns of relicv* iiigtlie distress which has so severely assailed the u- buiiring classes in the mother country. It is wi 'I - ' ' rS '' 1',! 1. s; 'if - «ome in common, by the desire of injuring — ffivingf place to the necessity of mutually assisting^ each other, by suf- fering, which softens the soul, by hope, which comforts it, by the pleasure of discoursing of a country which one has quitted, and even by that of complaining of it ?" Such are the remarks of a close observer of hu- man nature, who would gladly have availed himself, had France not been stript of hercolonia«l possesions, of ftuch a channel to get rid of a population which though troublesome, or even dangerous at home, yet when placed in a situation where new views and new pursuits would have engendered new habits, might have become a source of'strength, and wealth to the parciit state. Before concluding we must give one more extract from Mr. Buchanan's pamphlet, in which that gentleman paints in strong yet correct colours, the superior situation at- tained by the pauper who emigrates over him, who re- mains at home employed, as has been proposed by some, in works of public improvement. Mr. Buchanan ob- serves. ** In discussing the subject of Emigration, there are some persona who seem to think that the labouring pauper may be employed to equal advantage at home, in draining: bogs, or other public works that might be undertaken, and with no greater outlay of capital than is proposed by the Report of the Emigration Committee, But let anj' person who is at all capable of judging, reflect on the difference to the paupers themselves. So long as public works are going on, and money is expended at home, the labourer employed will find work and food; but at the expiration of seven vfiars will you find him and hh wretched family raised in the scale of civilization and comfort ? No, on the contrary, lie would, in all probability, be found just as he was bfifore, inhabiting the same miserable hovel, and with his physical strength naturally impa^ired by seven years' hard toil merely for a scanty support. But v«sit the pauper Emigrant (and family) removed to our North An.erican Colonies, with the assistance of the proposed loan, in his new abode after sev^ years, and how will you find /n'm ? He will not only have 25 e a source ) are some made considerable advances towards repaying the outlay en his settlement, but you will find him the proprietor of one hundred or eighty acres of good land; twenty or iwenty- five acres of wiiich will be cleared and under culture, with a good log house, barn, cows, oxen, &c.,and the certain pros- pect of independence in view for his family. Is not this a cheering prospect for the poor half-starved labourer? No person, unless he has lived in the Colonies, can imagine the change that generally takes place, even as to the industrions habits of those who were indolent at home.'* We have been led to dwell on the subject of Emigration as cc Elected with the North American Lumber trade, and la avail ourselves of the testimony afforded by the members of the Upper-Canada Assembly of the beneficial results derived from it both by the Colony and the Emi- grant, because it appears tons that, putting out of the question the advantageous employment it affords to Bri- tish CAPITAL, British shipping, British seamen and British labourers, it is, even stript of these benefits, a trade which ought to be eiicouraijed by the Government at home, though it be only considered as a safety valve, affording escape to an effervescing and turbulent popula- tion, and converting by an easy, and far from expensive process to the nation, thousands of starving, and therefore disaffected, paupers into prosperous and loyal colonists. — Advantages which may surely be thrown into the scale against Mr. Thompson's hypothetical assertions in favour of the Baltic Timber trade to the ruin of that of the British North American Provinces. K. From the Quebec Mercury of February 12, 1831. While we read of distress in England, on the one hand, and while we sec in the public prints of the great com- mercial city of the United States, New York, columns filled with appeals to the benevolent in behalf of their suffering fellow creatures, and the proceedings of ward committees and societies for the relief of the indigent, we turn with pleasure to the land we live in. That indivi- dual distress is here unknown, we will not go the length II .'t t«> 26 ofasscrtlng ; butwe will say that no public appeal for cliai'ilable aid to tliose who are above want, has, in Quebec, been ibis winter found necessary, nor do we see any increas^e in the number of mendicants ; and, as far as we are informed the same is the case in Montreal. This is the more remarkable and the more to be rejoiced at, when it is considered that during the past summer the number of Emigrants so greatly exceeded that of any former year, and that ship-building, oneof the chief sources whence employment ia expected during the winter months, has been almost entirely suspended this season, for it is many years since so few vessels have been on the stocks, in the yards of this city, as at the present time. w tM :-m * w M From Mr. Buchanan's Pamphlet on Emigration^ published inLondon in 1 828. The following practical hints lii'ay prove useful to Emigrants proceeding to North America. Persons intending to emigrate to North America, isvho have no friends there before them, should consider well the place to which they ought to pro- ceed. ... The rate of passage, exclusive of provisions^ to the United States, is trom 5/. to 61, per adult, and to any of our Colonies from 2/. to 3Z. , a child under seven years old pays one third, and over aevein and under fourteen one half. A voyage to New York from the United Kingdom, in the months of Aprils May, June, and October, (in which the M 27 shortest passages are generally made) is performed in from thirty to thirty-five days. To Quebec, in the month of April or May, from thirty to forty- live days. Halifax and St. John's, New Bruns- wick, from tweiiiy-five to thirty-five days. Persons proceeding to any part of the state of Pennsylvania, not immediately on Lake Erie, should embark for Philadelphia j if to the back part of Virginia, or any part of Maryland, or Ken- tucky, take shipping for Baltimore j if for Jersey or State of New York, embark for New York, from whence, in fact, you will find facilities to every part of the Continent. If you are destined to any part of the Canadas, (unless the district of Gaspe) take shipping for Quebec. If for the district of Gaspe or Chaleur, go direct, if you can meet with a con- veyance 5 if not, Miramichij or Prince Edward's Island, will be the most convenient ports to embark for. Steam-boats ply daily from Quebec to and from Montreal, which will be found the best route to any part of Upper Canada, and the Western States bordering on the Lakes or River St. Law- rence. If you have friends before you, and you are going to New Brunswick, take shipping for St. John's, St. Andrew's^ or Miramichij as your ad- vices may direct. If you have no fixed place in view, or friends before you, if labour and farming be your object, and you have a family, bend your course to the (■anadas ; for there you will find the widest field for your exertions, and the greatest demand for labour. 28 ■ Ml f i' In almost every part of the Middle States of America, you are subject to fever and ague, as also in some parts of Upper Canada. Lower Ca- nada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia are exempt in this respect. I would particularly recommend the months of April and May for going out, as you may then expect a favorable passage : on no account go in July or August, as, from the prevalence of South- west winds, you will have a tedious passage. Make your bargain for your passage with the owner of the ship, or some well known respectable broker, or ship master ; avoid, by all means, those crimps that are generally found about the docks and quays, near where ships are taking in passen- gers. Be sure that the ship is going to the port you contract for, as much deception has been practised in this respect. It is important to select a well known captain, and a fast sailing ship, even at a higher rate. When you arrive at the port you sail for, pro- ceed immediately in the prosecution of your ob- jects, and do not loiter about, or suffer yourself to be advised by designing people, who too often give their opinion unsolicited. If you want advice, and there is no official person at the port you may land at, go to some respectable person or Chief Magis- trate^ and be guided by his advice,* ♦ His Majesty's Government appointed in 18?9, a Resident ^gjent at Quebec for the superintendence of Settlers and Emigrants in the Canadas. 29 Let your baggage be put up in as small a com-- pass as possible ; get a strong deal chest of con- venient size ; let it be the shape of a sailor's box, broader at bottom than top, so that it will be more steady on board ship j good strong linen or sack- ing-bags will be found very useful. Pack your oatmeal, or flour, in a strong barrel, or flax seed cask, (which you can purchase cheap in the spring of the year,) I would advise, in addition to the usual wood hoops, two iron ones on each cask, with a strong lid and good hinge, and a padlock, 8ic. Baskets or sacks are better adapted for pota- toes than casks. The following supply will be sufficient for a family of five persons for a voyage to North America, viz. — 4S stone of potatoes* (if in season, say not after 1st June) j 2} cwt. of oatmeal J or flour 5 I cwt. biscuits j 201bs. butter in a keg ; 1 gallon of molasses 3 201bs. bacon y 50lbs. fish, (herrings) in a small keg 5 1 gallon of spirits j a little vinegar : — When you contract with the cap- tain for your passage, do not forget to insure a sufficient supply of good water. An adult will re- quire five pints per day — children in proportion, k The foregoing will be found a sufficient supply for an emigrant family of five persons, for sixty or * If potatoes are out of season for keeping, increase the quantity of oatmeal. t If the Emigrant has any oatmeal to spare, it wiU- »eU for more than prime cost. 1 > ^ SO '4 If f Mlj sl ■I I \ ;. ■^ .ill seventy days, nnd will cost about 5/. in Ireland or Scotland / in England 6 or 71, -, if the Emigrant has the means, let him purchase besides lib of tea, and I4lb sugar for his wife. The preceding statement contains the principal articles of food required, which may be varied as the taste and circumstances of the Emigrant may best suit. In parting with your household furni' turc cScc. reserve a pot, a tea-kettle, frying-pan, feather-bed, (the Irish peasantry generally possess a feather-bed,) as much coarse linen as you can, and strong woollen stockings, — all thege will be found very useful on board ship, and at your settle- ment, and are not difficult to carry. Take your spade and reaping-hook with you, and as many mechanical tools as you can, such as augurs, planes, hammers, chissels, &c. — thread, pins, needles, and a strong pair of shoes for winter. — In sum- mer, in Canada, very little clothing is required, for six months — only a coarse shirt and linen trowsers j and you will get cheap moccasins (Indian shoes) j you will also get cheap straw hats in the Canadas, which are better for summer than wool hats, and in winter you will require a fur or Scotch woollen cap. Take a little purgative medicine with you, and if you have young "children, a little suitable medicine for them. Keep yourselves clean on board ship, eat such food as you have been gene- rally accustomed to, (but in moderation) keep no dirty clothes about your berths, or filth of any kind. Keep on deck, and air your bedding daily when the .< ' 4 ■! - :! 31 weather will permit ; get up at five o'clock, and retire at e»ght j take a mug of salt water occasion- ally in the morning By attending to these obser- vations, 1 will insure your landing in good health and better looking than when you embarked. From the great disparity of male over female population in the Canadas, 1 would advise every young farmer or labourer going out, (who can pay for the passage of two^) to take an active young wife with him. In Lower Canada, and New Brunswick, winter begins about the end of November, and the snow is seldom clear from the ground till the beginning of April. In Novascotia, and Prince Edward's Island, from their insulated situation the winters are milder than in New Brunswick or Lower Canada, and in Upper Canada they are pretty sim- ilar to the back part of the State of New York. The risk of a bad harvest or hay time is rarely felt in Canada, and consequently farming is not at- tended with so much anxiety or labor, as in the United Kingdom. The winters are cold, but dry and bracing. I have seen men in the woods, in winter, felling trees with their coats off, and other- wise light clothed. The summers are extremely hot, particularly in July and August. The new settler must consult the seasons in all his undertakings, and leave nothing to chance, or to be done another day. The farmers of Lower Canada are worthy of remark in these respects. In conclusion, / beseech youj if you have any i? 32 \ 1f^ ■ii party feeling at home, if you wish to promote your own prosperity, or that of your family, wash your hands clean of it^ ere you embark, Srtich characters are looked upon with suspicion in the Colonies ; and you could not possibly take with you a worse recommendation. Prices of living^ house-rent, labor , Sfc, in the prin- cipal towns of Canada, with the expense of travcllin^^ on the great leading routes. ---In Quebec and Mon- treal, excellent board and lodging in the principal hotels and boarding-houses, 20s. to 30s. per week. Second-rate ditto from 15s. to 20s. per week. Board and lodging for a mechanic or labourer, 7s. to 9s. O'd. per week, for which he will get tea or coffee, with meat for breakfast, a good dinner, and supper at night. Rate of zoagesy ivitliout food generally t in the Ca- nadas. — Ship carpenters, joiners, (&c. from 5s. to 7s. 6d. per day. — Labourers 2s. Gd. to 4s. per day. Labourers in the country,30s.to40s, per month, and fed. — All handycraft tradesmen from 5s. to 7s. 6d. per day. House-servants, men, from 26s. to 36s. per month, with food. — Females from 15s. to 30s. per month, with food. House Rent^ in Quebec or Montreal. A first-rate private dwelling-house from lOOZ. to 150?. per year, unfurnished. — Shops, according to situation, from 30/. to 100/.— -Tradesmen's dwellings from 20/. to 30/.— Inferior class 10/. to 15/.— A farm of 100 acres, with 20 or 30 acres clear, and a tolerable dwelling^ and offices-houses, may be purchased in 4,. w ' 33 the Canadas for from 150/. to 300/. according to the situation. Passage from Quebec to JVlontreal, 180 miles, by steara-boat, one of which leaves each place daily, commencing the end of April, and ending the latter end of November. Cabin, including board, &c. which is very luxurious and abundant, from 2(^g to 30s. Steerage, without board, from 5s. to ;,gj 6d, Nearly a similar rate may be considered an average data, in proportion to distance, in travel- ling by steam, in all the great lakes and rivers in North America. Time in going from Quebec to MontreaU 30 hours. Ditto, in returning, 24 hours. From Montreal to York, Upper Canada, 2 to 3 days. If by Durham boats,* which are cheapest for Emigrants, the total expense to York, including provisions for family, about 3/. 15s.- To Prescot or Ogdensburgh, including food, about 2/, From York to Niagara, or Buffalo, one day. From Buffalo, or Niagara, there are numerous conveyances, either by steam-boats or sailing- vessels, to the Talbot Settlement and every where about Lake Erie, and cheap conveyances to the * A Durham boat is long and narrow, and nearly flat in the bottom, with a shifting keel to lift up in shallow water. They generally carry equal to 300 or 400 barrels of flour, and ijy them is conveyed all the produce from Lake Ontario, &c. ; the time descendhig from Kingston to Montreal is from two to three days, and in returning eight to fourteen. C 34 .'iU States of Ohio, back parts of PeansyWania, Illinois, Michigan, Mississippi Territory, Kentucky, Ten- nessee, and the adjacent country. Steam-boats and coaches ply daily from Montreal towards New York ; also to Upper Canada, and up the Ottawa ; and, in fact, during the summer months conveyances .- ?every direction from Montreal are to be found r cijyy 5 ^^^ wlien winter sets in, travelling is good ana expeditious by sledging, or carrioling upon the snow or ice, which generally commences about Christmas, and continues to the end of March. Route for an Emigrant's family wishing to pro* ceed from New York to settle in Upper Canada. — From New York to Albany the expense will be, for 160 miles, 4s. 6d. per head. — Albany to Rochester, 13s. 6d. — Rochester to Youngstown, in Upper Canada, 4s. 6d, — Children under twelve years, half price. Infants, gratis. Baggage, when ex- ceeding a moderate quantity, from New York to Upper Canada, 4s. 6d. per cwt. Distances. — New York to Albany by the Hud- son River, 160 miles. — Albany to Utica by the Canal, 109 miles. — Utica to Rochester by the Ca- nal, 160 miles. — Rochester to Niagara River in Upper Canada, by steam-boat, 80 miles. — Total distance from New York to Niagara, 509 miles. Price of Provisions at Montreal and Quebec. — Beef (winter), 2|d. per lb. — Ditto (summer), 3|d. to 4d. per lb. — Mutton (winter), 2fd. per lb. — Ditto (summer), 5d. to 6d. per lb. — Veal (sum- mer) 5d. to 7d* per lb.— Ditto (winter) 4d. to , v.- \ 35 6(1.— Butter 6d. to 9d. per Ib.—Fiour, 20s. to 26«. per 196 lb. — Hams, 5d. to 7d. per lb. — Cheese, 3d. to 6d. per lb. The rates in the country parts are much lower than the above. Wheat in the Canadas, according to distance from port of export, Ss. to 5s. per bushel. — Oats, Is. 4d. to 2s. per bushel. — Potatoes, Is. to 2s. per bushel. — A good Goose or Turkey, 2s. to 2s. 6d.— A pair of barn-door Fowls, Is. to Is. 6d. Vegetables in every part remarkably good and cheap ; and also fish in great abundance. Apples, melons, grapes, and other fruit of all sorts found in England, kc, in great profusion. Liverpool and Newcastle coals at Quebec or Montreal, from 20s. to 30s. per chaldron, but wood is chiefly burnt. Jamaica Rum, 4s. to 5s. per gallon. — Cognac Brandy, 6s. to 6s. 6d. do. — Whiskey, 2s. 6d. to 2s. 8d. do. — Sugar, 5d. to 7d. per lb. — Hyson Teji, 3s. 6d. to 5s. do — Congou black, 2s. 6d. to 3s. 6d. do. — Bohea, 2s.— Madeira Wine, 24s. to 40s. per doz.— Port, 20s. to 24s. do— Claret, 20s. to 30s. do.— Champagne, 40s. to 60s. do. Porter and Ale are manufactured in many parts of Canada ; and in Montreal in particular, very extensive breweries are in full work, and produce Porter not inferior to that of London. 36 Office of His Majesty's Resident Agent for the Superintendence of Settlers and Emigrants in the Canadas, Quebec, 1830. NOTICE is hereby given to Settlers and Emigrants arriving from the United King- dom, and wishing to locate on Lands belong- ing to the Crown in Upper and Lower Canada, that there are many situations in either Province whereon they may settle to great advantage, and which will be granted on very easy terms to industrious seeders for actual settlement. IN LOWER CANADA His Excellency the Governor in Chief has been pleased to order the Crown Lands in the Town- ships of Inverness and Leeds, near Craig's lioad, to be reserved for industrious settlers arriving from the United Kingdom ; these Lands are distant from Quebec 36 to 40 miles, on the south side of the River St. Lawrence, with good roads all the way, and a new roa(l to ihe centre of Inverness is being made, which affords employment to settlers, the climate is exceedingly healthy, soil of the first quality, abounding in numerous navigable lakes and rivers, many Scotch, English and Irish fami« lies were located in this part of the country last summer, and are exceedingly pleased with their situation. 37 nt Agent ' Settlers tdas, ec, 1830. tiers and :ed King- 5 belong- Canada, Province vantage, sy terms aent. las been e Tow n- Craig's settlers ; these miles, wrence, ew roa(I S which imate is quality, kes and h fami- itry last d with The price fixed for these Crown Lands to actual settler is 4s. pev acre, Halifax currency, and families whose means are limited will get 100 acres on a quit rent of 208. a year, until they are enabled to r^eem the purchase at 4s. per acre ; Crown Lands vacant in other Town- ships may be had on payment of a small quit rent. UPPER CANADA. His Excellency the Lieutenant Governor has been pleased to order to be reserved the Town- ship of Ops, in the District of Newcastle, Up- per Canada, for the reception of industrious Emigrants from the United Kingdom, and who may be disposed to settle in that Province, There are other situations where Emigrants may get locations ; but to those who have no fixed place in view, the Township of Ops will be found, in every way a most desirable situa- tion. These lands are situated about 30 miles from Lake Ontario, on the North side, and adjoin- ing the prosperous Township of Ca van, and near the Rice Lakes ; the price fixed for those Crown Lands to actual Settlers is 4s. per acre, Halifax currency, payable in five years, with interest from the time of taking possession, and one year's interest in advance. Persons disposed to locate in either of the 1' % m ;i ■^i-.' ^m .'"^'4 •^-1 38 above Provinces (if approved of) will be pro- vided with a ticket from the Office of His Ma- jesty's Resident Agent for the Superintendence of Settlers in the Canadas, at Quebec, to the location Agent in the respective Townships, which will entitle the Settler to such Lot as he may choose, and vacant at the time, and on the back of such ticket, directions will be found for his guidance in proceeding to his des- tination. Any further information may be obtained (gratis) on application at the Resident Agent's Office, in the Lower Town, (Sault au Matelot street, entrance in St. Peter street, nearly op- posite the Montreal Bank) daily, from ten till two o'clock; and Emigrants not possessed of immediate means to go upon lands, and who are in want of employment, will obtain infor- mation at the above Office for their guidance, with the probable demand for labour and arti- sans, rates of wages, &c. at the various works now in progress in the Canadas. A. C. BUCHANAN, Kesident Agent for the Superin- tendence of Settlers and Emigranti in the Canadas, •-,■ t N % 39 NOTE. As Emigrants on arriving in Quebec are ex- posed lo numerous temptations, they would materially advance tlieir own interest if they will exercise a little prudence, and not suffer themselves to be hurried away by every repre- sentation that may be presented to their notice. The heads of Families ought to repair as soon as possible after arrival, to the Office of His Majesty's Resident Agent tor the Superin- tendence of Settlers, whose especial duty it is to give all information in his power (gratis) to industrious Emigrants, who may wish to set- tle in Upper or Lower Canada. Labourers are wanted in all the Eastern Townships, Sawyers, Mill-wrights, Brick-layers and Stone Masons are wanted in every part of the Canadas. \ -■4»i ■4 '*l'lw' >*■ '#