IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 4^ /t^> 
 
 %" 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 1.25 
 
 L;12.8 125 
 
 ■ 56 
 
 122 
 
 12.2 
 
 u Hii 
 
 us 
 
 14.0 
 
 I 
 
 2.0 
 
 
 V] 
 
 /] 
 
 >> 
 
 
 s 
 
 Photographic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) 872-4503 
 
 "% 
 

 d 
 
 %° 
 
 CIHM/ICMH 
 
 Microfiche 
 
 Series. 
 
 CIHM/iCIVIH 
 Collection de 
 microfiches. 
 
 Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiques 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 
 ^' 
 
Technical and Bibliographic Notes/Notes techniques at bibliographiques 
 
 The Institute has attempted to obtain the best 
 original copy available for filming. Features of this 
 copy which may be bibliographically unique, 
 which may alter any of the images tu the 
 reproduction, or which may significantly change 
 the usual method of filming, are checked below. 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 D 
 
 Coloured covers/ 
 Couverture de couleur 
 
 I I Covers damaged/ 
 
 Couverture endommag^e 
 
 Covers restored and/or laminated/ 
 Couverture restaurde et/ou pellicuiee 
 
 n Cover title missing/ 
 Le titre de couverture manque 
 
 I I Coloured maps/ 
 
 Cartes gdographiques en couleur 
 
 Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ 
 Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) 
 
 Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ 
 Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur 
 
 Bound with other material/ 
 Reli6 avec d'autres documents 
 
 Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion 
 along interior margin/ 
 
 La re liure serr6e peut causer de I'ombre ou de la 
 distortion le long de la marge intdrieure 
 
 Blank leaves added during restoration may 
 appear within the text. Whenever possible, these 
 have been omitted from filming/ 
 II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajoutdes 
 lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, 
 mais, lorsque cela 6tait possible, ces pages n'ont 
 pas 6t6 fiimdes. 
 
 L'Institut a microfilm^ le meilleur exemplaire 
 qu'il lui a 6t6 possible de se procurer. Les details 
 de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-Atre uniques du 
 point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier 
 une image reproduite, ou qui peuvent exiger une 
 modification dans la methods normale de filmage 
 sont indiquis ci-dessous. 
 
 I I Coloured pages/ 
 
 D 
 
 Pages de couleur 
 
 Pages damaged/ 
 Pages endommag^es 
 
 Pages restored and/oi 
 
 Pages restaur^es et/ou pellicul6es 
 
 Pages discoloured, stain - 1 or foxei 
 Pages ddcolordes, tachet^es ou piqu6es 
 
 I I Pages damaged/ 
 
 I — I Pages restored and/or laminated/ 
 
 I I Pages discoloured, stain - 1 or foxed/ 
 
 □ Pages detached/ 
 Pages ddtachdes 
 
 0Showthrough/ 
 Transparence 
 
 Transparence 
 
 Quality of print varies/ 
 Quality in6gale de I'impression 
 
 Includes supplementary material/ 
 Comprend du materiel suppldmentaire 
 
 Only edition available/ 
 Seule Edition disponible 
 
 Pages wholly or partially obscured by errata 
 slips, tissues, etc., have been refilmed to 
 ensure the best possible image/ 
 Les pages totalement ou partiellement 
 obscurcies par un feuillet d'errata, une pelure. 
 etc., ont 6t6 fiim^es d nouveau de fapon d 
 obtenir la meilleure image possible. 
 
 Additional comments:/ 
 Commentaires suppl6mentaires: 
 
 Irregular pagination : [11- 204, 209 • 225 p. 
 
 This item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ 
 
 Ce document est film6 au taux de reduction indiqu6 ci-dessous. 
 
 10X 
 
 
 
 
 14X 
 
 
 
 
 18X 
 
 
 
 
 22X 
 
 
 
 
 26X 
 
 
 
 
 SOX 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 y 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12X 
 
 
 
 
 16X 
 
 
 
 
 20X 
 
 
 
 
 24X 
 
 
 
 
 28X 
 
 
 
 
 32X 
 
 
aire 
 
 t details 
 lues du 
 t modifier 
 iger une 
 a filmage 
 
 The copy filmed hare haa been reproduced thanka 
 to the generoaity of: 
 
 Library of the Public 
 Archivea of Canada 
 
 The imagea appearing here are the beat quality 
 poaaible conaldering the condition and legibility 
 of the original copy and In keeping with the 
 filming contract apeclficationa. 
 
 L'exempiaire film6 fut reproduit grAce A la 
 giniroaiti de: 
 
 La bibliothdque dea Archives 
 pubiiques du Canada 
 
 Las imagea aulvantea ont 6t4 reproduites avac ie 
 plua grand aoln, compte tenu de la condition et 
 de la nettetA de rexemplaire film*, et en 
 conformity avec lea conditlona du contrat de 
 filmage. 
 
 u6es 
 
 Original copiea in printed paper covera are filmed 
 beginning with the front cover and ending on 
 the last page with a printed or illuatrated imprea- 
 sion, or the back cover when appropriate. All 
 other original copies are filmed beginning on the 
 first page with a printed or illustrated imprea- 
 aion, and ending on the laat page with a printed 
 or illustrated impreasion. 
 
 Lea exemplalraa origlnaux dont la couverture en 
 papier eat imprlmie aont filmfo en commen^ant 
 par la premier plat et en terminant soit par la 
 darnlAre page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impreaaion ou d'illustration, soit par Ie second 
 plat, aelon Ie cas. Tous las autres exemplalres 
 origlnaux sont filmte en commenpant par la 
 premiere page qui comporte une empreinte 
 d'impreaaion ou d'illustration et en terminant par 
 la dernlAre page qui comporte une telle 
 empreinte. 
 
 The laat recorded frame on each microfiche 
 shall contain the symbol •—»> (meaning "CON- 
 TINUED"), or the aymbol V (meaning "END"), 
 whichever appliea. 
 
 Un dea aymboies suivants apparaUra sur la 
 derniAre image de cheque microfiche, selon Ie 
 cas: Ie aymbole — ► aignifie "A SUIVRE", Ie 
 symbole V signifie "FIN". 
 
 aire 
 
 Maps, piatea, charts, etc., may be filmed at 
 different reduction ratioa. Those too large to be 
 entirely included In one exposure are filmed 
 beginning in the upper left hand corner, left to 
 right and top to bottom, aa many framea aa 
 required. The following diagrama illuatrate the 
 method: 
 
 Lea cartes, planchea, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre 
 filmte A dea taux de rMuction diffirents. 
 Loraque Ie document eat trop grand pour Atre 
 reproduit en un seul clich6, 11 eat film6 d partir 
 de I'angle aupArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, 
 et de haut en baa, en prenant Ie nombre 
 d'images nicessaira. Las diagrammea auivanta 
 illuatrent la mithode. 
 
 by errata 
 ned to 
 
 lent 
 
 une pelure, 
 
 fapon h 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 32X 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
CAAJ 
 
 :. 
 
 lATE I 
 
 PB] 
 
^ 
 
 AW ACCISIATE 
 
 ^2^<^^^^^ '• ^^^ '^kacmi^iiii 
 
 INTERESTING ACCOUNT 
 
 or THB 
 
 ^ , ' ' ' ■ ■ 
 
 HABDSBiiPS AND SUFFERINGS 
 
 OF THAT 
 
 BlI^D OF HEROES, 
 
 WHO TRAVERSED THE WILDERNESS 
 
 ■jj' 
 
 IN THB 
 
 ■It 
 ■ ■'■■<*■ 
 
 CAMPAIGN AGAINSf 
 
 IN 1775. 
 
 ^:o::^::o: 
 
 •■^■v,;a 
 
 BY JOHN JOSEPH HENRY, ESQ. 
 
 LAtE, PRESIDES^ OF ^HE SECOHJD JUDICIAL DtH' 
 T'RICT' OF PESNSTLVANIA. 
 
 ^lOll^llOi 
 
 
 '/: 
 
 'A^^id 
 
 
 ,■1 ^i^ 
 
 
COFr-mGHT SECURED 
 
 ^ V .dcoordti^ to Laio*^ 
 
 m 
 
 t. 
 
 
 ,t-%^- ■■■• :^-*/'% 
 
 •rm*^ -r-^ v^^yr"-'- Iv ki ^ i 'j ^' . ''fl! ^i 1 ' '^ r '^'r-y'--^''^' 
 
 
 
 ^ x^. ••-t^. 
 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 Lji^u 
 
 /p V f /r 
 
 A«^^#ii./■<W, 
 
 2^:!.^.... »llif -ThiferH-lfASi !»' 
 
 M^ 
 
 t 
 
^■- 
 
 .1 
 
 S-l€- 
 
 TO THS ]PIJBUC. 
 
 
 %*^' *• 
 
 THIS work is given to the w^ld, as left 
 by judge Henry. Had he lived td ^perm« 
 tend the printing of it himself, many dtera* 
 tions would, ^ no doubt, have been made, rasi^ 
 ny i^assages which may at present appear ob« 
 scure, would have been fully explained, and 
 many differencies of style corrected. As the 
 work purports to be written by judge Hjbn^ 
 BY, it was thought improper to make my 
 alterations or additions, trusting that dip 
 world, when acquamted with the circuln- 
 stances under which it was published, will 
 be disposed to pardon trivial errors, as to 
 Ac truth of the principal facts ; the following 
 letter, from general Michael Simpson, is am- 
 ple testimony : 
 
 •'•■•K, 
 
 W-. 
 
i 
 
 I ! 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 I have read yoar work **oF the expc- 
 dition through the wilderness in 1775." So 
 far as I wais concerned, in the transactions 
 related in the work, they are truly stated. 
 That expedition, perhaps, the most arduous 
 i3m*iiig the revolutionary war^ is truly re- 
 pcesented. The public may, in the general, 
 
 J^ assured, that the account is genuine* ^ 
 
 - ■-- * 
 
 Toqr humble servant, , 
 
 I*', ' « ■ • « ■ • - r < t ' i rf 
 
 i 
 
 r - 
 
 s*-' 
 
 1 - *. 
 
 A. J" . 
 
 > ■" * 
 
 
 y 1 
 
 
 
 4'* 
 
 I "■ 
 
 I f 
 
 (■ ■" 
 
 \- i 
 
 . .J 
 
 
 .<■ , ' t A 
 
 i 
 
 \J, ■.. ' iittjl.f- ... . 
 
 .V: e 
 
 iii'iifflHi ■i»>i. i»' I iMiiiiirtiiirt*^ 
 
UFE OF THE 
 
 WBITTSir BT HIS DAVOBTEIt. 
 
 THERE is M observation trite, true, and 
 universally admitted, that the lives or those who 
 have not embraced a viride sphere of actioni^ 
 are uninteresting and perfectly devoid of any* 
 incitements to attention. Biography of Warn-* 
 ors, statesmen, is perused with avidity — >but 
 it is not merely their own history, but that o^ 
 the times, in 'which they lived, at least par^ 
 tially so« But descending to the greatef 
 Walks of life, when we trac^ the history of a 
 good and unfortunate man, through all Ait 
 varied evolutions, that peculi^ly mark )ii$ 
 &te, and prevent him from being enroll ^ 
 jthc list of those beings, who have foufi^tfe 
 |iath divested of thorns-^it is % some, sttf 
 jpteresdng ; andtlAthough the incidentis|ire n<i 
 tS a nature to exci|e Wonders 4^oni$ti^i|^ii^ 
 
 5> 
 
» 
 
 
 
 ^H[ 
 
 r 
 
 1'' 
 
 1 
 
 ^^H'; 
 
 l 
 
 ^^^^^^^B 
 
 ■ 'r' 
 
 HI 
 
 I 
 
 they may still possess the power to call forth 
 the sympathy of minds of feeling — minds that 
 have been taught to feci another's woe. * 
 
 John Joseph Henry, the author of the foU 
 lowing pages, was born November 4th, 1758^ 
 at Lancaster^ Pennsylvania — his father Wil- 
 liam Henry, Esc^. a man whose memo- 
 ry is still revered by those who possessed 
 any knowledge of him, his strict honesty and 
 known p|a|)ity, renders it sacred to such as 
 claimed him as their friend. He was pos- 
 sessed of a mechanical genius in a strong de- 
 gree ; he it was, who invented the well known 
 screw-auger. 
 
 Warmly addicted to this his favorite pas* 
 sioH, he; wished to imbibe into the minds of 
 his children, a taste for mechanics ; with some 
 of them he succeeded. As soon as hb son 
 John Joseph, had attained the. age of 14» 
 lie bound him an apprentice to aQuUncle, who 
 was a gunsmith, then a resident at Lancaster^ 
 but after sometiiYie removed to Detroit, tak- 
 ing his nephew with him. At that place, his 
 stay was but short, on account of scarcity of 
 business — he retui^ned on foot with a single 
 givide^ who died in the wilderness^ which lay 
 between Detroit and his home— it was here 
 that hardships and misfortune first were felt, 
 bis future companions during a length of 
 years, devoted * to God ^iuaC ^is CQiintry^ 
 
 ISfm H^»^^ ^!f?^ %^ J^f^ ^ 
 
 '. li 
 
 i ,. 
 
lis 
 of 
 :le 
 
 >y 
 
 ;re 
 
 [It, 
 
 % I 
 
 home, dissatisfied with the employment, t 
 judicious father hi\A pointed out for him« tt$ 
 the means by wbicn he wished him to gain 
 a future subsistance.-—His arduous mind pant- 
 ed after military glory: the troubles of his 
 country^ which was then making vigorous, 
 and ultimately successful struggles for a total 
 emancipation from slavery, wrought strongs 
 ly upon one, the acme of whose hopes and 
 wishes was, to be one of those who contended 
 most for freedom. In the fall of 1775, he 
 clandestinely, joined a regiment of men raised 
 in Lancaster county, for the purpose of join- 
 ing Arnold, who at that time, wi^s stationed 
 at Boston. His. father was commissary to the 
 troops, which office obliged him to attend 
 them to Reading. It was at this time, under 
 circumstances, which rendered bim most It* 
 able to detection from his parent, he left his 
 home to wander at the age of 16, in a strange 
 land. Thus a thirst for glory, inflamed lus 
 youthful breast, and superseded every other 
 passion apd affection of his heart. After en- 
 during all the; fatigues of a veteran scddier^ 
 they entered Canada on his .birth-day-*-'4tn 
 eventful one to him. He endured hardships 
 here, which in his own simple style, he fully 
 enumerates. It was in prison, where he lay 
 for nine months, thjit he contracted a disease^ 
 jthte scurvy,) wh|<^> at that time, did ik^ 
 %d6|te its app^£U^n^~l>ut six weeks afiet* 
 
 t 
 
i^ 
 
 ■H':^ 
 
 e 
 
 w^rds on his return home, at a time when 
 least expected, it made its appearance under 
 its most malignant form-«»it was at a time^ 
 when it became a duty incumbent on him^ 
 to continue in the army* A captaincy had 
 been procured for him in the Virginia line^ 
 and a lieutenancy in that of Pennsylvania, 
 he had designed to accept of the command un« 
 der the hero Morgan, which was that of cap* 
 tain, but the disposer of all events, arrested 
 his carreer, and instead of his fond expecta* 
 tions being accomplished, all his hopes were 
 blasted, his high prospects jaded, and be^ 
 c^me a dreary void, bv the order of that 
 Omnipotence, who furnished him with that 
 fortitude, which enabled him through all his 
 misery, to kiss the rod that chastised him* 
 It was after two years continuance on the 
 couch of sickness, his leg, which was the un* 
 fortunate cause of all his illness, began to heal, 
 and renovated health, to give hopes of peace 
 yet remained for him. 
 
 ' As his lameness precluded all possibility 
 of his again entering the army ; asvhe had, by 
 a disregard of parental authority, at least so 
 hr as concerned his trade, forfeited his claim 
 to his father's exertions, to place him> in such 
 a situation, as would. make him capable of 
 rendering himself useful to society* A vigor- 
 ous effort on his part was n^ssary-; resolu- 
 tion was not wanting; it was, made. He 
 
 ' J 
 
 '•*-• 
 
t 
 
 bound himself as an apprentice to John Hub- 
 tey , Esq. prothonotary of the county of Lan- 
 caster, as a clerk in the office, here for four 
 years, he pursued his business with the closest 
 application, and discharged the duties ^ of his 
 ofhce with unabated care and strictness, and 
 when the labors of the day were over, his 
 nights were consumed in study, endeavoring 
 to compensate himself in some measure, for 
 the neglect, that his education had suffered by 
 his becoming a soldier. His frame still some- 
 what debilitated by ))is illness, was not capable 
 of sustainiiig the fatigues of office, his health 
 suffered much from labour so severe and aj[y> 
 plication so intense. The time of his indem 
 tures being expired, he commenced the stur- 
 dy of the law, under Stephen Chambersr, 
 Esq. Here he became acquainted with his 
 future companion in life, the youngest sister 
 of Mr. Chambers. He practbed law from 
 the year 1785, until December 1793. As 
 his law knowledge was known to be exten«> 
 sive, his abilities and talents met their due 
 reward, with an appointment, by his ex- 
 cellency Thomas Mifflin, Governor, to the 
 office of president, of the second judicial dis* 
 trict of Pennsylvania. 
 
 ' A number of years had now elapsed, his 
 family was large ; by an Unfortunate removal 
 to a country, at that period* sickly^ he was 
 attacked by the gout^ whtcb from inexpert^ 
 
 ■'^.-'M 
 
 '»•.• 
 
 A 
 
10 
 
 ence, and owing to his having lio knotiif^gie 
 as to the consequences tot ivould necessari- 
 ly ensue, did not take proper precautions, 
 so as to render it a regular disease. Under 
 tbalc deceptious name, numerous disorders 
 invaded his frame, and at times with so much 
 severity, that he was necessitated to continue 
 at home, and prevented him from executing 
 his official duties as a judge. It was during 
 seven long years of bodily suffering, that his 
 mind and memory, reverted to those scenes 
 (more forcibly than ever) which formed so 
 ^eventful a pembd in a life bf -mi^eft«ine an4 
 vicissitude. The interesting narrative of the 
 sufferings of that band of heroes, of which he 
 was the youngest, is a simple tale of truth, 
 .which he undeviatingly throughout his book; 
 adheres to. . '- 
 
 ' He is supported in all his assertions, by 
 .the testimony of a number of his compan- 
 ions in that arduous Campaign, men-.of cha^ 
 meter and respectability— his relation o{ inci<» 
 dents, his descriptive accounts of the couh«^ 
 try they passed through, the situation of Que^' 
 bee and the disposition of the army* all mark 
 him to have been a youth of accurate ob- 
 servation, of a comprehensive and intelligent 
 mind. Possessing, as he must necessarily 
 have done, activity of spirit and ccMfitempt of fa- 
 tigue, he gained the approbation and esteem 
 qHus senbrs. The bi^oy^ant spirits df youth 
 
 w 
 
 t.m«m " ■~-.Tfy<dX.)i , ii M 1 i ii iu - 
 
11 
 
 rose high over misfortune ; under the pres* 
 sure of the severest distress, vivacity was 
 stitt retained, and burst forth at intervals to 
 cheer his hopeless companions* 
 
 Disease had now made rapid progress on a 
 Constitution weakened by repeated attacks, 
 and accumulation of disorders, which no skill 
 could counteract or remedy* The nonper* 
 formance of his duties caused petitions, from 
 the several counties, to be presented to the 
 legislature, for his removal ; nothing was al- 
 Ic^d against him but absence. Tlmt honor- 
 ^e house, having examined and considered 
 ^ charges, acquitted him vnth honor* His 
 commission he retained for the space of two 
 years afierwards-^but illness and debility in^ 
 creasing, and a knowledge of his infirmities^ 
 t>eing incurably compelled him to resign that 
 office, which he had held with integnty, for 
 seventeen years. Four months succeeding, 
 his womout frame was destined to feel the 
 stroke of death, and his freed soul, to seek 
 reftige in the bosom of his Father and his 
 God, 
 
 '■■ V ; 
 
V' 
 
 v-fi. 
 
 ■t.'^ 
 
 — • -^ '-«' 
 
 .J a.jr i^» 
 
 *r *> ♦ / 
 
 :.'* jc,im. i;\'i4* ,-«^ 
 
 
 V - * 
 
 0O. 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 I r 
 
 o, 
 
 * . » »i 
 
 .<ii' 
 
 f /J 
 
 » *, 
 
 4f./ 
 
 J < 
 
 l/^^;;- 
 
 i-tr «i 
 
 i ■«.''. I? 
 
 '^f 
 
 U -'. 
 
 '<r 
 
 » ( 
 
 ^K>UT 'K) -.w^i/i 
 
 ? .j» 
 
 C 
 
 06 -Ail ^?.mtrut:- 
 
 >. > 
 
 - «cvi -.vJ'-y 
 
 X5» 
 
 
 4U. 
 
 tt'^n'^'Ct:: )*.K? f^'tii V 
 
 j-rn; ^*. "4' 
 
 '^1.' 
 
 «.i « 
 
 <% 
 
 '» .1 
 
 - f^y' '-^ "^ 
 
 ■■'(T-; <■>•" ry 
 
 ' r. f * 
 *^lt . ft 
 
 i. 4 / .«' iki 
 
 .*l'l 
 
 uyr 
 
 ■rum- 
 
 \ * ».t» V- 
 
 ^ t>:*» & 
 
 5J.:i?>! 
 
 f^i^i- 
 
 ' ^^ */ * *#. A,^^ d ^ > i C"* 
 
 "r- -! 
 
 • i.« 
 
 :HrJ. r^r to 
 
 lo 
 
 * . ^ '' % 
 
 ja 1 
 
 ». »^ 
 
 '> i 
 
 I rf ;r:n i^:?t;^t|{;!a'Jt^,'iH«^'U;-);s-j 
 
 /J J* 
 
 
 ». t 
 
 '1 f-.-.:J 
 
 
 ''JjU^i.) 
 
 :tir^ 
 
 7 ri 
 
 " • w ■# 
 
 -v 
 
 %r'i^" 
 
 ;^rt> J-' 
 
 
 L* T ^ 
 
 H •* . 
 
 ^-i -^ ♦ 
 
 Ii)it4., 
 
 ''>Cj<# V «r |^ * «• j ^ 
 
 i i, 
 
 Ui 
 
 .) m . - 
 
 i-^t 
 
 i t 
 
 . j »i 
 
 "**.'-•*>- «. 
 
CAliPAIOIf AiGAIirsr'l^DEBSia «f«. 
 
 
 ^^l:- 
 
 Mr SBAB cmmmmsir. 
 
 .y..'i/. 
 
 nraEiUS kap«i«lr in dke kisteiy of tbe 
 Ameicicaii revolvdoD^ hklierto IMlle attieiided tof 
 aa yet imperfeetl^E related^ and now at tlii» late 
 day alnott f^ivottea f wl^f h wanld dswiire and 
 nequire tbe talBnls mid genint of a Xenoj^n^ 
 to do it veal ^astiee. As yaitr father in eaT^ 
 life bad a eoneern in ttutt a^Yenturer permit Mm 
 to relate to yon in tfae words of truiiiy a eom- 
 p^aAiona detidl of Ike suiferings of a sn»ill lyand 
 i^lievaes; unused^ to be snre, to military tae- 
 ties and dae subordinationt but whose soalswere 
 fired by an eatbiislastie loTe of eountry» and a 
 spirit sueh i» bas often inspiried our aaeestors^^ 
 wlien determined to be free. In giviil^ yon tbi» 
 relation^ knowing lum asyoa do, you willsdiree- 
 ly eall in question bis yeraeity^ partienlarly 
 when be assures you apon ^e honor of at^ f|;ea« 
 (leman and an honest many that every word liei<ei 
 i^elatedy to the best of his reeolleetion and '1^ 
 liefy is literally true. He eouid not be so^li'^ 
 jlUst to your morals^ yonr veraeity, or kitiMlly/ 
 as to state any thing to yon whieh he kn^^ Olf 
 e^ea suspeeted to be untrue.^ He has himself 
 been loo miieh the victfm of base liars, not to en- 
 fWavdtur to eradicate so vile a principk from your 
 Itikids^ His own eduoation, though made b^ bis 
 trnantisms, (i» aveidaiiee of the bouat^u6 and 
 
 .h&: 
 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 X 
 
14 
 
 r:- 
 
 > ^ 
 
 liberal designs of his good father^) an incor- 
 vect one^ yet the piety and real religious fer- 
 Tour of' his^ parents» never would tolerate^ a lie* 
 This mental vieey to them^ was the greatest of 
 all abmninationsy as it is with your father : it 
 is also his most fervent hope and prayer, that 
 <; very one of you, will not only contemn the lie, 
 liut hold in sovereign detestation the liar. 
 
 Persons at your age, and at this advanced staged 
 of the improvement and melioration of our soil. 
 Ml a'^elimate so far south as ours, can scarcely 
 IbrBi ji dorreet conception, but from actual ob-^ 
 ^eryJCqdn, of the sterility, the dreariness and; 
 the destitution of every comfort of life, which a 
 wilderness in a high northern latitude exhibits. 
 A confidence however in your good sense, en^^ 
 courages, and in ^ct animates, him, to put tha^u 
 upon pape|^ which has a thousand tinies, in de- 
 tached parcels, been the sulyect of amusing 
 prattle around the fireside. This is dqne the ra- 
 ther at this time, as some very atrocious scoun- 
 drels who never looked an enemy in the eye, now 
 ;»s8ume the garlands and honors, which ought 
 to adorn the brows of more worthy men. 
 
 in the autumn of 1775, our adorable wasiiixg- 
 TON, thought it prudent to make a descent up- 
 oii Canada. A detachment from the American 
 grand army, then in the vic^inity of Boston (Mas- 
 sachusetts,) was organized, to fulfil this inten- ^^ 
 tioiu by the route of the Kennebec and Chau- 
 dieoBrivers* It was intended as a co-operation 
 wit^llie army of General Montgomery, who had 
 ^ntereid the same province, by the way of Cham- 
 plaine and Montreal. Colonel Benedict Arnold 
 wa» appointed the commander in chief of the 
 whole division. The detachment consisted of 
 ji^ven hundved men. Enos was second in com- 
 
IS 
 
 of 
 
 '■t* 
 
 ttiand. Of this I knew nothing, hut from re- 
 port* BIfleinen composed a part of the arma- 
 ment. These companies, from sixty-fiv% to se- 
 venty-five strong, were from the southward : 
 that is, captain Daniel Morgan's company frotn 
 Virginia; that of captain William Hendricks^ 
 from Cumberland county in Pennsylvania^ and 
 captain Matthew Smitli's company from the 
 county of Lancaster, in the latter province. The 
 residue, and bulk of this corps, coi^sisted of troops 
 IVom Massachusetts, Rhode-Island and Connec- 
 ticut. It has flown from my memory, whether 
 we had any from New-Hampshire $ but there 
 is an impression on my mind that we had^ as 
 general Dear{)orne> who was of the latter pro- 
 vince, commanded a company in the expedition* 
 All the^se men were of as rude aild haMy a race 
 as ourselves, and as unused 46 1^ discipline of a 
 caMp, and as fearless as We w*ere. It fell to m& 
 to know many of them afterwards intimately ; 
 speaking genei*ally» without any allusion t^par- 
 ticulars,. they were an cxeellent body ofmeuy 
 formed by nature as the stamina of an army, fit- 
 ted for a tougii and tight defence of the Vherties 
 of their 'country. The principal distinctloit be- 
 tween us,- was in our dialeets, our armi^ and 
 our: dre^. Each man of the three companies^ 
 bore a rifle -barreled gun, a tomehawk, or small 
 axe, and a long knife, usually called a << scalp- 
 ing-knife,'' which served for all purposely in 
 the woods. His under-dress, by no means in 
 a military style, was covered by a d^ep ash- 
 colored hunting-shirt, leggins and mockasins^ 
 if the latter could be procured. It waMhe sit- 
 |y jpushion of those times^t for rifiemeif to f^ 
 tb^ manners of savages. : 
 
 
 ^' ■ 
 
 . ^ 
 
16 
 
 !. 
 
 : 
 
 Our e^minander Arnold, inTat of a refdavkablc 
 eiarsieter. Hewasbrave, eyen to tejiiei^ly, ivafi 
 belgyejl by the soldiery, perhaps lor that <]uali- 
 tj i>B.ly:-— 'he possessed great jpowers of pci<sua» 
 ^oii, was eomplaisaiii : but wi^al soi^idly ava* 
 rieidus. Arnold was a short liandsome man, of 
 a Horrid eomplexion, stoutly made, and forty 
 years ohl at least, > 
 
 Qn the other hand Morgan was a large strong 
 bodied personage, whose appearance ^Te the 
 idea itistory has left tfs of Belisarius. His 
 manners were of the severer cast; but where 
 be became attaehcid he was kind and truly affec- 
 iionate, Tliis h said, from experience of tlie 
 most sensitive aad pleasing nature ;aetivity, spi-* 
 rii and courage fa a soldier, proeored lii» good 
 will, and #)itecm* 
 
 Hendrioks w^aa tall, of a mild and beaudful 
 eountenanoe* Hi^ soul; was animated by a gea*' 
 nine spark of heroism* Smith was a good look-^ 
 ing man, had the air of a soldier, was illiterate 
 and outrageously talkative. - The oiBeers of the 
 eastern troops, were many of them men of sterU 
 ing worth. Colonel Christopher Green seemed 
 too far advanced in life for sueh hard service, 
 yet he was inspired by an ardour bceoming a' 
 youtlu He afterwards did the pirbiic-g^^! 
 service at Bedbank on the Delaware, in the 
 autumn of 1777. Majors Meigs^ Fcbiger uiid 
 Bigelow, were excellent oharacters. As we act-^ 
 cdxia the advance, the latter gentlemen wer« not 
 w:eU known to us, uatil some time /after wards. 
 Youi* father was too young to enjoy any other 
 honor, than that of exposing himself in tlie elm* 
 raider of a cadet, to every danger. This littler ^ 
 Army in high spirits, marched from Prospeet-* 
 hill near Cambridge la Massachusetts, on tho^ 
 
'I? 
 
 '17 
 
 11th of September^ 1775, and arrived at New- 
 buryport (which is formed bjr the waters of the 
 Merrimac ril'er) on the following day. This 
 plaee, at that time, was a small but commereial 
 to wn, near the boi^r of Ma«saehuse tts. Here 
 we remained eneaniped live«daysy providing our- 
 selvQS with'^neh articles of reai necessity, as ouir 
 small means afibrded* On the afternoon of the 
 sixth day> we embarked aboard of ten transports; 
 sailed in the evenings and at dawn of day des* 
 cried the mouth of the Kennebee river. The 
 wind was strong but fair. The distance of this 
 run was ^50 miles. We ascended the river tO 
 coloQcl Oobourn's shipyard; here we left our 
 vessels, and obtained batteaux, with which we 
 proceeded to Fort-western. At this place,, otit 
 the day of our arrival,, an arrangeoient was 
 made by the commander in chief, which in all 
 probability sealed the diestiny of your parent* 
 It was coneludedj rto despatch an officer and sev^en 
 men in advance, for the purposes of ascertaining, 
 and marking the paths, which were used by tht 
 Indians at the numerous carrying-places in the 
 wilderness, towards the heads of the river; and^ 
 also, to ascertain the course of the river Chaun 
 diere, which runs from, the heighth of land, to-^ 
 wards Quebec 
 
 To give some^ degree of ' certftiiity of succeaS' 
 to so hazardoiis an enterprise, Arnold found it 
 necessary to'S^leot^an ofllcer of activity and cou- 
 rage ; the choice fell upon Archibald Steele of 
 Smith's company,^ a man of an active, courage- 
 ous, sprightly and hardy dispositionr. who wa» 
 compliniented with ^e privilege of naming his 
 companions. These consisted of Jesse Wheeler^ 
 George Merchant, and James Clifton, of Mor*^ 
 gan's; and Robert Cunningham^ Thomas Boyd^ 
 
 B 2 
 
*-'i- 
 
 1^ 
 
 I 
 
 %■ 
 
 .: 18 
 
 • ■ - '. #• 
 
 John Tidd, and Jolra M<Konk«y, of 8nit1i'4i •om- 
 pany. Tkoagh a very jouitf yet in a tnnll de« 
 gre« aeeustomed to hardships^ dterhcd firotn long 
 Inarcfaeiio the Amoricaa VKiodo, Sloele'c oourito 
 of odeotioki seiU fell uponyour fatiier> who was 
 luB meiBinate and friead. Two bipoh-bark oa- 
 Boes were farorided ; and twd guides, oeiehrated 
 ioof the mmiagemeit ^ so/eli water oraft^ and 
 wlko knew the ri^r «e high «^ at the Gveat- 
 esLtrjia^^weifi were also Ibnnd* These were 
 JoMmiah Qeiehel» a very reepeetaiie asan^ and 
 John Iionio> an Irishmaa who kad growA f;fey 
 kl this leolii eiioiatc* 
 
 "■■ TMs small party, aaeoneeieus of danger, and 
 aninated by a hope of applause from th^ir eoaa'i' 
 try, vet forward from Fort*weeterniki their light 
 barks, atUierate of^ freed fifleea to tweaty, and 
 Ingobdwa^r, twenty-HiFe niles per day. These 
 eaimee are eo iighty that a persoa of eommoa 
 strength, nmy mirty one of the soialler kkidy 
 9«eh as ours were, many hundred yards without 
 halthig.* Yet tbey will bear a great harthen, 
 and ewim iiearly j^nwale deep;^ an admirable 
 deseriptioa of thiem Is giiren by H^arae, la his 
 Jtonmey to tlie Coppeniiine'4*rvor. Stem's ea- 
 noe, here ^fivo men with their amis and baggage^ 
 whieh last was indeed light in quantity and <i«ia'' 
 1^, one barrel of pork, one bag of meaH and 
 sod weight of bisottit 'I^e other eauoe earrled 
 seven mea, their ananwdbag^ge, and a due 
 proportioa of provislieir 
 
 On ^e fvetii^g of tht lt$d of Septeatber^ oar 
 party arrived at Fert-fialifax, Ritaated on the 
 pbint, Ibnaed by a jaaetiOB of the Sabastieoog 
 aad Kenmeliee i4Ters» Het« our eommaader 
 
 « Ate Note X at the entk 
 
19 
 
 id4eete» \ra8 ftecosted by a captain Han*i8<nif«r 
 UudilleBt<Mie» inviting him and the company to 
 his house. The invitation wns gladly aceeptedf 
 as the aceommodation at the Forty which O0ii« 
 listed of old Bloek-h^asesand astoeade in a ruin- 
 oiM statCy did B#t admit of mueh eomlort ; besides 
 it was iotiabitedf^ as euv friend the eaptaki said# 
 hw VLTonk twry. Hene for the first time the ap« 
 plication of the American term <* tory%*^ vras de- 
 fined to Bie by the eaptain. Its European den* 
 nition was well known before. Another inters- 
 estiag eonversatieny upon the part of the captain^ 
 strdcl^ my mind as a great 'carkysitj^ in natural 
 history^ and well deserving eommemoratlon ; he 
 observed that he had emigrated to the place 
 he tlien resided at^ about thirty years beforei 
 most probably with his parents, for he did not 
 then appear to be much beyond forty. That at 
 that period the eammen^er which now ipha- 
 Mts our more southern elimate, wiis the only an- 
 imaly of tile deer kind^ which they knew, un- 
 less it was tlie elks; and them iHit partially* 
 In a short space of time the moose-deer appeared 
 in small numbers^ but increased annually after* 
 wttrdsy mnd as the one species became more na<* 
 ntierousy tlie other diminished : so tlMVt the kind 
 of deer first spoken of, at the ti^e ef this infor^ 
 maliouy according to the captain, was totally 
 driven from that quarter. f|^lie moose^deer reign- 
 ed the master of the forest* This anecdote. If 
 true, might in such minds 'fts those of Bnffbn, or 
 De Paw, ffive occasions to systems in natural-his- 
 toryi t'OtaUy inconsistent with the laws ef nature $ 
 stili there may be- something in It ; animals like 
 human beings, whether forced 1^ neeessity or 
 fihom choice^ do emigrate. Many instances might 
 be ^ven of Ibis circumstance of the animal eto* 
 

 ao 
 
 Qoiii^. io vs9*i<ni« par(j» of tho worM. The above 
 relation is this onl^Jqatanee which, bas oome to 
 wy knowl^dge^ ^vlnere one sp^eies has expelled 
 apother of tbet siime eenus. If the faet be true, 
 it Js eHhev efre<?led pj a species of wap{hie,v or 
 some peculiarity in the appearance of the one 
 kind, and of horror or. perhaps of diiigast in the 
 other, we know Uie rpchL^goatjf^fem&QeAr cf the 
 Germans and hoqmtln of the French) formerly 
 inhabited the l<^w bills, of southern France and 
 of the Pyrenees I. th^y have been driven thence 
 by some peculiar cause* for they are now eour 
 Aned to the tops of the hiKhest mbuntsiins in 
 Europe. It is true, it has been f requeptly ad*- 
 vaneed by men of respectability and information 
 in Pennsylvania, that the grey- fox which is indi- 
 genous in the United Statef, and all North Ame- 
 rica, hlK8 been dHven from the Atlantic sea-eoast 
 into the interior, by the introduction of the red- 
 fpx fi^ja Europe* But we have no sufficient 
 data , to warrant this assertion. The truth pro- 
 iMibly is, that as the grey-fox is a dull and slow 
 animal, compared with the sprightliness, rapidi- 
 ty, and cunning of the red-fox, that the first has 
 ifeen thinned by the huntsmen]^ and gradually re- 
 ceded from the seacoast to the forest, where, 
 ffom bin habits, he is more secure. The cun- 
 ning and ppM>^:ess of the latter, has.enabled him 
 to nuiiiatain his station ^mong the farms, jn de- 
 spite of tbe swiftness and powerful scent of .the 
 do^S;. But that which puts this assertion out of 
 view, is that the red-fox is indigenous through- 
 out ISforth America. He and the grey-fox are 
 jy^nd j^^iiie highest latitudes, but there, their 
 skins are: d^apgediuto more beautiful furs tifKo^ 
 those of ours,: by the effects of climate^ ^^M^ 
 v^t notion has been started within thei^ i9 
 
 \ 
 
 — \ 
 
 / 
 
21 
 
 years pMt, <if tiae fox M)tiirte1» cxp^Iliilg t1kt 
 IHrge gvej squitrel : but it Is fallaeiofif. 
 
 Be these tbHigs as tliey may* we %pMkt ati 
 a|;reeable and most soeiable eteaing wilh tbis 
 res^etable iitan» and his amifible fbiniij. Oh 
 the folio wi'iig dayt oui' party rose early^ and ae» 
 Gompanied by eur host » "waited oppiHl the for^y 
 who then shewed liiinself to be an honest man^ 
 of independent principlesy and who claimed the 
 right of thinking for himself. He exchanged a 
 barrel of smoke-dried salmon for a barrel of 
 porky upon honest terms. Vie set out from this 
 plaoei well pleased with ear hostf the old tory, 
 and our bargain. In atery few dirf s^ wttjheut 
 other aeeidesFt than the spraining of UeutenUnt 
 Bteele*s ailcley by bis slipping, when earrylng a 
 eanoe o?er the path, at one of the intertnediate 
 portages^ we arrived safely at Norrigew<>e Ibrts* 
 Cotnidg to the landing place, the water being 
 smootli and very deep, a reek, as We paised it, 
 drew ttiy attention yery particulariy,; it was 
 standittg ifti a'eenieal form, five D^et in perpen« 
 dieular bei^ht, and ten or twelve fo^t in dt. 
 ameter at the base^ 1 0bserved that jiej&i Ibt0 
 water, tbe face of thiB r&j»k> whicir Ims a bla-> 
 ish flint, was, as it wer<^f scalloped oat, dowft 
 to the very water^s edgi^i Asking Getefael bdW 
 this had oeciirrecl»~ bis reply was that the Irtdi- 
 ansi in former "iiiaes^ had from tlienee oirtafneif 
 thefr^pe^r and arrow paints. It seems unrea^ 
 sonable that wHbout a knmirledge of iimo^ they 
 shouljd have beeil capable of executing saeb a 
 labour. However^ upon observation and, renc^*^ 
 tfai^ ^nee Gtitcbel^s time, an indaceitatettt f rdm 
 ei^Henee and reasottiilg eecurs^ whidi iaflu^ 
 ii^es me to believe, that he might. baVje be^' 
 e#teet in bis ebservatioflr Theroek, ao^ doubt. 
 
22 
 
 
 still remalnsy and there ia leisiire for Inquirer 
 and discussion. We were hurried* The village 
 i¥ithin one hundred yards of the piteh of the 
 fall) wns evidently a deserted Indian town. We 
 saw 1)0 one there ; It was without the vestige 
 of inhahitants. Dressing our viotualr here at 
 mid-dfiy, an ooeurrenoe happened^: whieh dis- 
 gusted me in an extreme degree. On this day^ 
 an estimate of our food was made, and an allo<;<» 
 ment in quantity tQ each man, though no aetu^^ 
 al separation of shares took place, as thatf it 
 was a|^reedf should happen at the twelvermile 
 carrying place. By the estimate now made, jLt 
 seemed that there was something of a surplus. 
 As we had had hard work, that and some pre-» 
 ceding days, and harder; fare, our g^od com- 
 mander was inclined to indulge us« The sur^ 
 plus was allotted for this day^s fisre. It hapf* 
 pened that M'Konkey was, by routine, the 
 cook. He boiled the meat, (vegetabte food of 
 any kind was not attainable,) and when saunter*, 
 ing towards the fall, he called us to dinner. We 
 eame eagerly. He was seated on the earth, near, 
 i^e wooden bowl. The company reclined around, 
 in a like posture, intejiding to partake ; when 
 M^Konkey raising his vile and dirty hands, 
 struck the. meat, exclaiming, << By G— d this 
 was our last comfortable roeal.^ /rhc 4adelit>fi-rr' 
 oy of the act, its impiety,, and the grpssness dl 
 the expression, deprived the company of appe* 
 tite. On several subsequent occasions M^^on^ 
 key showed himself as mean in spirit, as he was 
 4eveid of decency. We soon rid Gurselyes of 
 hjlm. Many years afterwards, at Lancaster^ in 
 Pennsylvania, he applied and received a Joan by 
 wisy of charity from me, which he meanly s<^* 
 cited with the most abject sycophancy. , So t?u0^' 
 
23 
 
 it \§f in goneraly that those who disregard the 
 social deeenolM of life^ are eqaaily ineapable of 
 those virtues which make man respectable in 
 sooietj* 
 
 On the afternoon of this dayt we crossed to' 
 the west side of tiie ri?er helow the fall : search- 
 ed for^ and with difficulty fdund the carrying 
 place. Having marked it with precision^ we 
 rested awhile. On the west side of the river^ 
 not very distant from us^ there was a considera- 
 ble extent of natural meadow. ** One of onrpar- 
 ty» 3xploring the country fo^r deer^- met with two 
 whJ temen who had come frokn a distance^ mow- ' 
 itig the wild grass of the meadow. An agree- ' 
 ble barter ensued — we gave salted porky and 
 they returned two fresh beaver' taiJs» which, 
 when boiled^ renewed ideas, imbibed with the 
 May-butter of our own country. Taste, howe- 
 ver, ils arbitrary, and often the child of neces- 
 sity. Two years before this, aeorns had sup- 
 plied me with a precarious sustenance, on a 
 journey from Sandusky to Pittsburg, it momei^ir 
 tarily sustained life and bodily labour, but the 
 consequence was ill liealth. Your respectable 
 kinsman, G^^eneral Gibson, reeeived me into his 
 house at Logstown on the Ohio, and restored me 
 sound to my parents. Thi^se minute matters 
 s^re noted here, from an expectation, that know- 
 Ing the privations men may suffer in respect to 
 food, you will each of you remember to receive 
 the dispensations of ProVifknce, of every kind, 
 if not with thankfulness, at least with submis- 
 sion. 
 
 'We passed the 
 Thence for several 
 
 canoes as ours, was to^rable, and in the^inbst 
 im#i eonvenient. We iaiiended the river ipapid- 
 
 * See Note II. 
 
 portag4|. of Norridgowo^ falls, 
 (days, f no navigation for sueh 
 
. 
 
 Iff blaziiig fvocj €ari^iii9*plae(9« Hniritig jndw 
 aecQiteii many mkf fri»«i <ii?. la«t white InlHir^ 
 t^ta^M al; KoiTi|dge;W<ic^ it beoaipe 119 Ib^refoi^e 
 to proceed cautiouslj. A eireumspeetuMi iraa 
 ^ptedp wiuuli though prudent In the pi^e>#(Mi- 
 meat m» were ipi Afp^areil to be rath^ har«ki 
 to the feelh^ai tj^e iriog af jaoiuQ wa9ialilr 
 mwi i though the y^ef^hf&p waa ! chillk^t^ we. dai** 
 c^ feavjDefy ihal^e % ^mkfi at night* Ai^lag 
 foir tr^it and >«hiib in tlie mMraing and evening* 
 made up oar atoek of fresh lh«4. ^e frequeiil* 
 If mm daeksy &e* and waoy inoose-deery yet 
 we di^ehargeni not a gaa; in truth we had b^ea 
 made to belie vet that thia eonntry had n«inerou$ 
 I|idianftia it, 
 
 . The party proeeedf^d wit]iout.mo4estatio«» but 
 f|!oi|i natural reeky and a strM earrent (jby the 
 arth of Septemberi) to the tweiv^i^mil^ earry- 
 log'plaee* Here a new seene opened, Owgaifljes 
 professed that n«^tber of theia bad eyef b^ea 
 nprib of tbi» place aeross the carrying-plaeej 
 but Getehel. alleged he had huiiit^d t^ tW-ea»t 
 of the rtvcr, . : 
 
 N(»w we nsgumed ike tUle of being our awn 
 gl^Qf^ giving tfv Getebel duet respeetanOE atten" 
 tioa fio^ y^^ infornx^^ the vo<|te 
 
 npf tb#^ lle^ j^cforwed ^ne that the oour^ of the 
 river whi«h i* iajipdieiously eajled the **Dead 
 river " tended' 60 ^r iOO Wtiles. norlherly^ too>k 
 a short turn south wardiy^ and vi^as the^^ within 
 1^ laiiea of Its* . That that part was full of ra^ 
 pids» a<Bd inip$^saUe to, boatsr ^ ^ren fianoes^ 
 We searched lor the earrying-place^ and found, 
 a path tioterabl;^ distteielf whiah we made n»fire 
 S9, kj blading the tree#^nd snagging tlie bunliea 
 vf%0^ our tani^ha^hsi pPi^?e^ng„natil eveaHin^ 
 th$i party ^^oaiap^A ti^ .the inai^i^ at «^ Muw 
 
25 
 
 i] b^ea 
 
 m^ but 
 i>y the 
 
 g»iAes 
 
 r awii 
 fitUni'- 
 vwite 
 of the 
 Bead 
 
 took 
 witUn 
 af rsn- 
 anoes^ 
 foumi 
 
 m^e 
 
 lake^ perhaps about, half a mile ^idef where 
 tjhiere was plenty of trout» whilih did Cliitoii> 
 who was good at anglings eaught in abundanee. 
 Here, in a cQnferenee on the solijeot^ it was re- 
 solved that two persons of the party, shoiuld re* 
 iniiin, (with about one half of the provisionsy) 
 until the return of our main body» calculating 
 the return would be in eight or ten day 9* It 
 had been observed that Clifton^ being the oldest 
 ,of the company^ yet brave and a good shoty from 
 the fatigueai we had endured, had begun to fiag^ 
 "With the assent of our chief, the younger part 
 of us proposed to him to remain where we then 
 were, with the better part of the' provisions* 
 After considerable altercation he assented, on 
 conditioh of his having ft oompanion. The young- 
 est of the party, nominated M'Konkeyy who 
 could not restrain his joy at the proposal. It 
 was advised for them to retire to the south end of 
 the pdnd, perhaps a mile, and there, as in a per- 
 fect recess, remain concealed; knowing M^Kon- 
 key, the consequences were foreseen. After the 
 accompli slimcnt of this aflTair, lieutenant Steele 
 parted the provision appropriated for the march- 
 ers, not by pounds or ounces, my dear children^ 
 but by '< whose shall be this/* Some of you have 
 been taught how this is done, if, yon should 
 have forgotten, it will be well now to tell you 
 of it. The principal of the party, if he is a 
 gentleman and man of honor, divides the whole 
 portion equally into as many parts as there are 
 nien including himself; this is done under {he 
 eyes of all concerned, and with their approbation, 
 the oiBcer then directs some one of the compa- 
 ny to turn his back upon him, and laying liis 
 hand on a particular portion, asks *^ whose shall 
 be this?" The answer Is haphazard, A* 8. j^c. 
 
 C 
 
\.\ 
 
 i L 
 
 26 
 
 <>r ^»y otlier of tbc party. It ha^ ^equentty 
 jttoearredi tbat ift v^fe conpelledta^yide^ the 
 Hecemtks af life In this way^ and it eox Id not 
 be fairly 8aUI# tbat any fraud or cirenmTe.^oii' 
 tookpbiee. 
 
 So^ember ftStb* w« left Cliftan and. bis abm- 
 ]»ai4.0H in a moat dreary wild, bat witb enough 
 to ^ttj^port tbem f and if tbey would aet honor ^ 
 ablyr to assist usu A laughable oceurrenee en** 
 sued. Sergeant Boyd and myself faad* that day, 
 the ehairge of unloa^g and loading the eanoes, 
 iivhich» as eustooiaril^y being yery light and easi- 
 ly blown off shore by a puff of wind, were drawn 
 hslf their lengths on tbe beaeh ; we ran a race 
 who should perform his duty soonest— .he arrived 
 jlrst. Taking up his canoe suddenly, but hop« 
 iag ta have a better stand than the shore pre* 
 sentedf he set his foot on a large bed of moss 
 seemingly Mrta, and sunk ten feet into as cold 
 watei^ while fluid, m was ever touched. We 
 Sffoa piMised; the ponA found the patb, marked 
 J^ and eame, at the end of several miles, .to a 
 second pond, if my ree<^etien serves, larger 
 than the fbrmer : traversing this, we oneamped 
 more cautiously than ever. On the next day, 
 purine the path, and marking it, a tliird pond 
 of smaU diameter was presented to our view^ 
 Aifsing this, l^ the evening we encamped on 
 t|ie north-hank of the J^ead-rher. 
 
 'Vhh river, whieh is nothing more than an ex- 
 tension of the Kennebec, is called by this re- 
 mfuHkable name, because a eurrent, a few miles 
 below the plaee we were now at, and for many 
 miles above it^ is imperceptible. It is deep and 
 perhaps two hundred and fifty yards wide: The 
 ground we footed within the last three daye, is a 
 veiy rugged isthmus^ which forms the great 
 
|uientfy 
 idelhe 
 t Id not 
 jrex^on- 
 
 ft ebm- 
 enough 
 honor^ 
 lee en«- 
 
 ^anoesy 
 d easi- 
 drawn 
 a race 
 arrived 
 it hop* 
 •c pre* 
 P moss 
 IS cold 
 We 
 arked 
 9 to a 
 Uwger 
 imped 
 tday, 
 pond 
 lieir. 
 ed on 
 
 n ex- 
 is re* 
 miles 
 many 
 I and 
 The 
 is a 
 Ipreat 
 
 27 
 
 bend of the KenneMHf Coming from thel»gh 
 ground towards the il^-rivery we passed a b(^ . 
 which appeared^ before we entered it» as a beau- 
 tiful pititof firm ground^ level as a bowling green^ 
 an* i CO •'cred by an elegant green moss. That 
 nJa^^ to mye my shoes for severer service, mock- 
 %Sflii had been put id their place. Kvery.vstep' 
 we'iniRdl;, sunk us knee-deep in a bed of wet turf.. 
 My feet wei*e pained and lacerated by the snags 
 of the dead pines, a' foot and more belo^ the 
 surface of the moss y these and many other oic- 
 currences, which happened afterwards, convinc- 
 ed me more than reading could, of the manner 
 of the formation oftbrf. Sometimes, to lighten 
 the caittoes when ascending strict water, sevenA 
 of us would disembark, and proceed along shore» 
 and on many occasions, traverse a point of land 
 to save distance. Doing this,, we often met with 
 what we thought a flat ground coveted by mnisiii. 
 Entering the parterre, as it might l^y^led, 
 and running along that which we fbtnra'^6 be a 
 log covered with moss,, the moisture oni||e leg^ 
 would cause afoot to slip— -down we would eoniey 
 waist deep in a; bed of wet moss; such incidents 
 always created a laugh.. A spark,, if these beds 
 of inoss had been dry, as they weire wet^ .would 
 have made a dreadful conflagration :: the iipper 
 eountry seemed throughout as if covered wit^ 
 it. To the south and west of the bog first men- 
 tioned, there was a natural meadow of great 
 extent. On the west it reached,, seemingly, to 
 the foot of the knountains several miles olf. A 
 beautiful creek serpentined through it and forni-- 
 od a convenient harbor and landing place, <^po- 
 site to our camp, and directly to which the In* 
 dlan path led US.V ^* ' 
 
 >-.. . .* • < ■ 
 
 4>- • 
 
The timber trees of tHP^re in a great mea- 
 stire difiereut from those^rour eountry. Hero 
 are neither oaksy hickories^ poplars^ maples or 
 ' locusts ; but there is a great variety of other 
 kinds of exeellent timber^ such as the vfhiie and 
 yellow pineS) hemlock^ cedar, cypress, and all the 
 species of the firs. These trees, in the lo^iTgrounds, 
 gpovt to a very large size, on the hills, as we ap- 
 proach nortliwarSy> they seem to dwindle, par- 
 ticularly as we come to the << heighth of land i*' 
 but i^MO rise to a superb height, as we descend 
 Into the intervale, on the streams running intd 
 Canada. Among the tr^es of this country, theref 
 
 Me two which deserve particular notice, because 
 their remarkable qualities. These are the 
 balsam fio, (Canada balsam. Balm of Gilead 
 fir^ or haUamum Canadense pinu8 halsomea: 
 • which produces the purest turpentine,) and the 
 yellow birch. The firsts as its vulgar name im- 
 ports, yields a balsamic liquid, which has been, 
 and perhaps now is, much esteemed by the me- 
 dical profession. The bark is smooth, except 
 that there are a vast number i^f white and lucid 
 jirotuberance upon it, of the size of a finger 
 or thumb-nail, bulging from the surface of the^ 
 bark. This tree grows to the size of froth 15 to 
 20 inches in diameter. From the essays made, i^ 
 seemed to me that a vial containing a gill, might 
 be filled in the space of an hour. Getchel, our 
 guide, taught me its use. In the morning when 
 we rose, placing the edge of a broad knife at the 
 under side of the blister, and my lips at the op- 
 posite part, on the back of the knife, which was 
 declined, the liquor flowed into my matith free- 
 ly. It was heating and eordial^c^the stomach,, 
 attended by an agreeable pungency. This prae* 
 tlce, which w« adopted, in sdl likelihood,^ eonv 
 
.tr 
 
 29 
 
 tribiiied to the proseryation of health. For 
 though ipiuch wet weather ensued* and we lay of- 
 ten on low and damp ground, and had very ma- 
 ny suec3Mions of cold atmosphere ; it does not$^ 
 1I0W oocur to me» that any one of us was assafli* 
 e4 hy sieknesSf during this arduous exeursioo* 
 The yellow lAreh is ^ useful in many partieular 
 instanees to jdbe natives. They form the hody 
 of the tree Into setting-pi^est paddles* spoons ai^u 
 ladles. Thci bark* its better property* ser?e|^ 
 as a eof jering for tbe Iframe 4|f ,the eanoe* much 
 in the same npMtnner as tiieJIsqiiiiiiaux and Green- 
 landers i^ply. tbe seal skin» To you it maj 
 lippear to he a strange a^sf rtion^ but to m^ it 
 seems trnet that the birch^bark eanoe is the most 
 ittgenii^s pieee of mechanism* man in a rude 
 state is capable of performing. This bold idea 
 requires a disolpsure of the means and the man- 
 n^v of tbe work* which shall be done before I 
 leave the subject.f^ From the bal^ of yel- 
 low-birch* the Indian lUso forms bowls* and bas-^ 
 kets of a most beautifiil construction*., and iteveik 
 s^vei» as a wrapper for any nice matter wliiol|r 
 it is wifthed to keep seciurely* much in the mm^ 
 Qer we use brown wrapping-paper. ■. Tbe appear- 
 once , of the yellow-birch tree at a distance* is . 
 eonspieuous.. Approaching near it* in t^e au*^ 
 jtuDHit iVseems; mvohed in rolls*, something re- 
 sembling Wge circular rpunds of parchment*, or 
 yellow paper. There is in my mind no ques^ 
 tion* but that among a numerous and Industrie 
 ous people* such as the Chinese^ this indigenous 
 prodiiet wo|ild become an article of general use ^ 
 in various ways.. The bark, when taken from 
 
 ^'. 
 
 : » See Note IIL 
 
 Cl'2: 
 
36 
 
 .■>J 
 
 {^etceCfrnviy he obtained lengthwise §f the ipec» 
 IWiin one to four feet in breadth, and of- a length 
 eoual to the efreumferetiee* It is soni^lnies 
 trjbite with a yelloiffsh east, but morie usiitillj 
 of a pale, and -sometimes ^-a dee)>^^old «<^oiir. 
 It {s partible, iirhen erer ao-ihieli^ Into* the most 
 fllmy sheets. The Ifidtaus, for eanoes, useit^f tfhe 
 ^iekness of from a fourth, dowiir to tlie ei^hth^^ 
 Imittch, aecdrdingtoth^.giito^oftheiress«K' l^rK 
 
 ii^trity and eoBvenidifee^ niade us reduoe it-iiit^ 
 to a filni, hy n6 itieai^s thkker oriMre s^iltetaii^ 
 tial, ttlan the siiky^ pa})er we obtain fronr India. 
 It serves equally ^v<^ fbr-^he penelA as papei*«^ 
 ink howeyer flows upon it4«^Iil the coit|*8e of 
 time a mediuiki ' may be dkeoiered to preclude 
 th]8 inconveQience— i^this bark will preserve * bet* 
 terthan paper. - ' 
 
 ;^ The eompany, not apprieheitding^thci reVoned 
 l^hieh fortune had in store for theiti, lelt th^ 
 eneanlpmeiit (Septeiiiber 80th) ifiill tff courage 
 and^ hope,' though a strong ^rift of snow, whl% 
 %lfitened all the surrounding hills, had^ falleii 
 during 'the night. .Having sm^th watery ' we 
 
 . pkddled away merrily, ^^robsMy for thir^ miles, 
 ^etehel, besides his sHittr wi^omi, poss^sscid'tt 
 lurge fund of knowledjge, eoneerniilg the eeiili- 
 try, which- he had derived ifromiiie'idb^- 
 ^nes, and iimeh ' humorous anecdbf^, - wilH 
 which, in s^te- of -our j^vationSf htC invade tt^ 
 l^iugh. It -was omitted to-be mentiohibd, that 
 before we left our last encampment^ it became 
 a resolution of the whole party, that ^e perk 
 in tlie possession of each one^ should be ea» 
 ten raw, tind to «at but in the fhomtng ftnd 
 evening. As we^oli|ild not obtain food, in this 
 
 ^ miserable portion of the globe, even for money, 
 if we had it, and hayjng nothing else than our 
 
 1 
 
ai 
 
 iMrms 'ftud ^oHKt oodratge to djjl^nd ^ow : * aittc^ 
 quftintcNft > iRrith the tviie distttiiee of ou^ expcsdi** 
 tion, for we had Jieitherinflp nor charts yet, 
 ti^solved to nocoia^lish our orders at the jhasavfl 
 if our: Mye»^we pruriently i began «to:^hottrd our 
 proviaion ; half a bkeuitaiid half anaoeh ^square 
 of raw pork» hocame thi» evening^s meal. Tlie 
 days jowraey >inpOufht ui to.tbe foot of a ra|ilid» 
 whkh eeiivinee<l«« ^iat; the term ^<Dead^mevi^ 
 ivas miieh mlfiap^ied* TheittSght was spent^ sit 
 upon hfSLthmrif but the bni4e^es of the &v at 
 the spruce. ItwoittldaBtoaishyauy m^dearehil* 
 dreiiy if there wasileisure to explain to you the 
 many eoii|fort» atid adlrantage^ those trees af^ 
 §0^, to the wa;«wom jtravelleii '>Sttffiee it ooav 
 to*si^iiwerested>w41U'itf^''^jr'5'n?ii/r^t , ■ , , \:-^ 
 
 '^Oettlier dksl.^ The morning t brought on new 
 labors. Our a^oadai^ guide iand my sdfyihkik* 
 iBg that ^91^^ eould .mava^ ^e wfiter, slipped 
 kit«r oar elinoe.— 'Cietchel and jmotlier w6i4ed 
 Steeie'sy wMle -e^r aoipipniiioiis» erossing the 
 bMlf marhei; ^he cairigHmg^plaee. From oar 
 ealDp two-thhrde at least i>f:^^ these Kipid%' were 
 eoneealed from^^our view. Immueh. danger^ 
 and by greats exeriSoa, we «aurmoifated: tl^mi 
 ^ ' less thaB^ an hour. Taking an^our «eompanyt 
 <We had good water HU thii i /Isiseninff, when 
 "W® were impeded by a pree^ltate fkll of four 
 ieeti We eneamped. Oetobca* 2d. : Carrying 
 bere, we had good> water ^l4he nekt day: Mere 
 Iktigae and great lassitude of body^ most likely^ 
 in a good peasiire^ owiag to the want of .f6od» 
 eaused as < to sleep' well, ^rom cautionary mo<i> 
 4ives our giinsy tiiough not uneared for^ W9ri 
 considered as useless, in ^the way of ebtainl^g 
 fsod. Several of our oompany angled sueoeM^ 
 fully fortmiit^ aadadeilciouaohubf^whieLwe 
 
32 
 
 eaH a fall-lli^. This plaee became rdknarkablt 
 to ine> as semeUtne «llei*wards»^ my friends g<rii« 
 eral Si1llp80D^ Robert* Dixony and myself^ werei 
 here at the point of death. This you Will fin4 
 in the sequel. Carrying a few |ierches around 
 this preeipiee, we got into good water» aiMi 
 then performed a severe days labor. 
 
 Oetober 3d. The eveniilg brdught us to our 
 ehcanipiiienty on. the soutb side of the. rivers 
 Angling was resorted to for foOdr-nSergeanI 
 Boydy observing low grdnnd on, the other side 
 of the rivery a^ an uneoninion cOldpess in the 
 lliitery passed over^ and in an hour returned 
 l^ith a fkkzen trout, of extraordinary appearanee. 
 Longy broad and thiek. The sliin was of a tery 
 darl£ hue» beautifully sprinkled with deep erinv* 
 son spots. Boyd had eaught tliese in a large 
 and deep spring^head. Coiitrasting them with 
 those we.caught in the rivery they were evident* 
 ly of a difibrent sjieeies. The river trout^ were 
 of a pale ground^ with pittk^ots> and not so flat 
 or broad. The next day ^ proeeedin^ onward^ we 
 kere aiid there met with roi^h wiater. In the 
 evening we were told, that im t?ie n«txt dayi. wo 
 probably should arrive lU the camp of Kala}ib> 
 OfMlndian, whom our eommanfierr was instrueted 
 to capture or kill. Nataais was well knowusto 
 the . white ihhabiiants of the loii fiv country : t h«y 
 knew from him the geogra|diiea.\ positio>n of his 
 residence. The uninstruetedlndiimr' if. h% pos- 
 sesses' good sense, necessarily fron^ his iwander^ 
 ings. as a hunter, becomes a geographer. Tbi^ 
 
 good man (as we subsequently knew hi<n ti^ be) 
 ad been wrongfully aecused to Amoldj as a 
 •pyt' stationed on this river to give noUee to the 
 British goviemmentf of any party passing this vipay 
 iatd* Canada : hence that cruel otder^ 
 
# 
 
 % 
 
 33 
 
 October 4ih. We landed idme miles below 
 IV here we supposed his house was. Our canoe» 
 were brought upon tho shore^ and committed to 
 thje card of two of the party. We arrived at the 
 house of NatanIS) after a roarchy probably of 
 three mileSf over a flat country covered with 
 piiiesy &c. Approaching on all sides with the 
 I'tmost circuriispecfion^ we ran quiekiy to the 
 cabin» our rjflt*s preparedi and in full belief 
 that we had caught Natanis, Some were per- 
 suadedy at the distance of ^00 yards from the 
 placcy that they saw the smoke of his fire: 
 But the bird was flown. He was wiser and 
 more adroit^ than his assailants^ as you will 
 afterwards learn. The house was prettily placed 
 on a bank twenty feet bigh, about twenty yards 
 from the river, and a grass plat extended around^ 
 at more than shooting distance for a rille, f^ee 
 from timber and brushwood. The house, for 
 an Indian cabiuy was cl^an and tight, with two 
 doors, one fronting the rivier, the other on the 
 opposite side. We found many articles of In- 
 dian fabrication, evidently such as would not be 
 totally abandoned by the owner: besides, it was 
 remarked, that the coals on the hearth, from 
 their appearance, had been burning at least 
 within a week past. These notions did not allay 
 our apprehehsions of meeting with Indian ene* 
 mies. The eanoes, in the meantime, having 
 been brought up, we embarke<l and proceeded 
 with, alacrity. This afternoon, in a course of 
 some mites, we eame to a stream Howitig from 
 the west, or rather the northwest. As we were 
 going along in uncertainty, partly inclined to 
 take the westerly stream^ one of the party fort 
 -tunately saw a strong stake, which had bceil 
 ddvea down at the edge of the water^ with a 
 
34 
 
 pieee of tieatly folded birch-bark, inserted into 
 a split at the top. The bark, as it ^as placed^ 
 pointed Up the westerly stream, which at its 
 mouth, seemed to contain more wather than that 
 of our true course. Our surprize and attention, 
 was much heightened, when opening the bark,, 
 we perceived a very perfect delineation of the 
 streams above us, with several marks which 
 must have denoted the hunting camps, or real 
 abodes of the map-maker. There were some 
 lines, in a direction from the head of one branch 
 to that of another, which we took to be the 
 course of the paths, which the Indians intended 
 . to take that season. This map we attributed 
 to Natanis, if not his, to his brother Sabatis» 
 who, as we afterwards knew, lived about seven 
 miles up this westerly stream. For when ou; 
 party, after returning to the twelve mile earry- 
 ing-place« had again re-ascended the river, we 
 were told, by thecrew of one of Morgan^s boats,, 
 that they had mistaken the westeHy stream as 
 the due route, and had found deserted cabins at 
 the distance already mentioned, an^ thi property 
 of the late inhabitants, placed in a kind of close 
 eages, made of birch-bark in the forks of the 
 trees 5 these they most itriquitously plufideripd. 
 Venison, corn, kettles, ht*, were the product. 
 Inspecting the map thus acquired, we pursued 
 our journey fearh»ssly. Now the river became 
 Harrowelr and shallower. The strength of each 
 M us, was exerted at poling or paddling the 
 eanoes. Some strict water interfered, but in a 
 few days, we came to the fir»t pond, at. the head 
 ^f the Dead-river. — ^October 7th. This tirst 
 pond, in the course of the traverse we made, 
 might be about a mile, or a little more, in cUa- 
 gmeter. Her«, on- a small island, scarcely con*- 
 taining one- fourth of an acre, we disc0vef«4 
 
 ■c' 
 
35 
 
 aad atcy s delicious species of onmberry^ en- 
 tirely new to us* It grew upon a bush from 
 ten to twelve feet high^ the stoek of the thiek« 
 neseof the thumby and the fruit was as large as 
 a May-duke ehernr. In the course of one or 
 two nuleSf we reached a second pond. Between 
 this pond and the tliird» we carried | the eommu- 
 nicatiouy though not long, was too shallow for 
 our canoes* The cariying-i^ee was excessively 
 rugged, aiid in high water, formed a part of the 
 bed of the stream. The country around us, had 
 now become very mouatainous and rough* Se^ 
 veral of these mountains seemed to stand on 
 insulated bases, and one in particular, formed a 
 most beautiful cone, of an immense height. 
 We rested for the evening. 
 
 October Sth. Being near the heighth qf land, 
 which divides the waters of New-England, from 
 those of Canada, which run into the St. Law- 
 rence. The weather in consequence of the ap- 
 l^oaehing winter, had become piercingly cold. 
 My wardrobe, was scanty and Ught. It consistcMA 
 4^f a roundabont jacket, of wwen, a pair ^f 
 half worn buckskin breeches, two pair of wolleil 
 stockings, (bought at Newbery-port,) a hat 
 with a feather, a hunting-shirt, imgftts, a pair €»f 
 mockasins, and a pair of toleraHy good shoes^ 
 which had been closely hoarded. 
 
 We set out early, yet jovially. We entered a 
 lake surrounded by high and craggy mountidtis, 
 and perpendicular rocks of very considerable 
 altitude, whielk about eleven o'clock, A.M. ^st 
 us into a dui^y shade. Pulling the paddle, 9» 
 fyf life, to jseep myself warm, some tiifllsg oil* 
 servatkui^ i^idi fell from me, relatt^t<^ tib^ 
 place we were in, such as its resembianed i6 
 the vale of death, which drew the atten^h of 
 
36 
 
 /?' 
 
 the company: Getchely in his dry way, turning 
 toward me, said «• Johnny^ you look Ulce a blue 
 leather whet-stone." TJbc simplicity and oddi- 
 ty of the expression^ aiid the gravity of his man- 
 nery caused great merriment at my expensCf it 
 was eiyoyed on my party certain that, it was not 
 an expression of dis-eateem» but affectiony for 
 the man liked me. • These minim tales and je- 
 june occurrences^ arc related to convey to your 
 inindsy an idea^ how men of true spirit will beard 
 death in every shapc^ even^ at times, with laugh- 
 ter, to cfl^tuate a point of duty which is con- 
 sidered as essential to the welfare of their coun- 
 try. Thus we ivent on, incessantly laboring, 
 >rithout sustenance, until we came, about 3 
 o'clock, to the extreme end of a fifth and the 
 last lake. This davs voyage might amount to 
 fifteen or twenty miles. 
 
 On this lake, we obtained a full view of those 
 hills which were then, and are now, called the 
 << H^ighth of land." It made an impression 
 upon us, that was really more chilling, than the 
 air which surroundeil us. We hurried ashore — 
 drew out our canoes, and covered them with 
 leaves and brush- wood. This done, with our 
 arras in our hands, and our provision in our 
 iiockets, we made a race across the mountain^ 
 by an Indian path, easily ascertainable, until we 
 arrived on th^ bank of the Chaudiere river. 
 The distance is about five miles, counting the 
 rising and descent of the hill as two. This 
 was the. acme of our desires. To discover and 
 know the course of this river, was the extent of 
 bur orders : beyond it, we had nothing to do. 
 Our chief, wishing to do every thing a good offi. 
 ccr could, to foiHva^l the service, asked, if any 
 one could climb a tree, around the foot of which 
 
 ^1 
 11 
 
37 
 
 we Uien stood? It wm a pine of considerable 
 lieighty withfoat branches Ibr fortjr feet ; Rbbert 
 Cunninghaniy a strong athletienanf about twen- 
 iT-fiye years oldy presented himself. In almost 
 the twinkling of an eye, he climbed the tree. 
 He fblly discerned the meandering course of the 
 river^ as upon a mapt and even descried th^ 
 lake Chaudiere» at the distanoe of Iburteon or 
 if teen miles. The country around and Ibetweeii 
 lis and the lakCf was flat. Looking westward^ 
 he observed a smoke; Intimatine this to uv 
 f i*om the tree where he sat^ we plainly peroeivea 
 it. Cunnineham came down; the sun was set- 
 ting seemin^y in a clear sky. 
 
 Now our return eommeneed— ^It so beeurred, 
 that I was in the rear» next to GrctohcU who 
 (brought it up. We rau in single file^ and whil<^ 
 itwaslighty it was obserred by mcy as we trieC 
 to stride into the Ibbtsteps of the leadcTf thai' 
 he covered the track wim his feet ^ this wai^* 
 BO mean duty. It required the courogOf tl^; 
 trigour, and tiie wisdom^ which dcHiignares igeii->. 
 aine manhood. Our olject was to be concealed" 
 from a knowledge of any one who might coia* 
 iituilicate pur jmsence there^.t9 ^^^ CiMiai^ul. 
 government. The race was^Oi^g^, and b<»Baii^e» 
 more r^d by the indications of ii m >»t severed 
 itorm of rain ; we had scarcely more than got- 
 ten halfway up the hiU^. when the shower caine' 
 dowA in most tremendous torrents^ Thejoightf 
 became dark as pfteh ; we groped the wagr aeros#v 
 the ridge^ and i ^seettdtng> relied oa the it^ 
 euracy of our leader^ we continued with speed. 
 The preeipice was very steep;, a root* a twig* 
 perhaps, caught the buckle of my shoe:— irip- 
 1bedM»| eame down head forcino6t» uneiNi|fil^s 
 ttow &r^ but perhaps twenty or 
 
 \ 
 
39 
 
 ViOiXf my gup r^miuDed tfnl|r<i^eii|^ it is piiijiosai* 
 Ue to say, >TlieQ I recovered^ U was ia mjc 
 handSf H^jr eooipani^Bp bad oiit-stiripped nt&e^ 
 j^tanned by ih^ f^lU feelipg f^r tl^e pjLta wUti u^ 
 feet, iqy piwrwl at; the canoei'plac^ was delayedi 
 tjill ten (it nigUt» m hmv ^indrnQris W^i^ thail 
 my ff leads. All ^r<?otif|p QMlj^d a tent^ biitmar^ 
 <^Qrir«ietiy ^ wi^i^^iwiir waSi np^de in tb!^ buiTji! 
 with farfei aifd i?rpssr|Ma^8, ©over«rf by %h^ 
 br^a^hes of ^v. |t i*ntflec| inc^9i|f|nt(y ^11 ^hat 
 ii%h^^ If tbe ^atheii w^ wo|^ iii^dlie?!! dryj 
 tjhcy WQtttd hme, b<^coip0 wet^fOiQ^ we iaid do wf| 
 In f^I tho^e wj^ bad oil* Slleep esimb to my eyest 
 notwithstanding fbe dripping^ of; th<) limiting 
 8|oro|i^ tbr<tMgK the huiiitue rop^^ 
 
 Qeto^b^ 9tb*'9^We arose bef^p^re 4ay l^e ea? 
 lioes we?e urg^d suddeiily ipt^ the water^^ it stU) 
 Ks^ni^d bard, and ^i, 4^ Vm% Mf« thought of 
 i*ei^fastiQg« Qrapioas G^i what w^f :0i|^ 
 .^re? Ip^bat cool^ wp. produce fcur #ueh a feast I 
 J^umi|iii|;ii^ my breee^e% {j^o^ets^ I fo^nd a S|0^ 
 lUairy hiseuit and- fi^ mch oi mvi^ j^a^lf pf thp 
 Mseiiit yfM ^Yoy^ti Hiij^ brei^kfast^ ^M>P hJ^sq 
 by amk person^ an^d thai was «onsiin^edii|^ th^ 
 (^ooy^s as, wp peddled oveir tb« lake* The prabi 
 ^ad! rais^iid the lal^c^ «^d eo^ns^quently the, o^t-* 
 lli^ts about fouf feet, W^ slld^d glibly alpog, 
 pveir passages where a few days preyioiislyy wf» 
 b^d toied ouir canoes- At ih^ outlet of the fourtb 
 ^ke» ^puntipg «s w^ eame uf^ a small duel^ 
 appeared withia shopt|i^ dis^iice. It was si 
 diver, Wf|l kpown in oi^r epuntry — a thjiig; y^hicb 
 we ^re eonteinn. Knowing the value of animal 
 t9oi9 in our predicament} leverals of us ii*edat 
 the diver; .Jesse Wheeler, however, (who ail 
 acknowledged, as an excellent shot,) ^truj^k il 
 with bUbr^lL A f^QVt of joy aro8e--4bt. Uttbif 
 
% 
 
 50 
 
 fliter Was iafely deposited in dtir caho^. Wef 
 yuent on quickly^ withoiit accid<^t> till the eviin- 
 tngy probably traver»ing ft space of More than 
 Ibrty tniles* At mgtit-fttfl ^c halted, weary 
 and without tasting food sihee moiling/ Bciijrd 
 and Caniiinghani/ ^ho tvere riglft-hand-men on 
 most oeeasiotiSy soon kitidled a Hre a^insfa 
 falTen tree. An oconrreuce this eveniiiig took 
 place, which itiy dear children you will hardly 
 creiUt, but which (permit me to assut*e you) is 
 sacredly true; the company ^atthemselves^ gloi)- 
 inily around this*fire. HHie cooks, aeebrding to 
 routine, (whether our chief or pthcrjs,) p?^etl 
 the duck, at/d when picked land guttea^ it was' 
 broltght to the fireside. Here it becaihcs a ques- 
 tion, how to make the mti^st of c^ur stock of piroTi- 
 sions^, Finairy it was concluded to boll the ddckf 
 in our camp-kct|le, together with each mmi^k bit 
 of pork, dtstinetiveiy fnarked by running a «tm}^ 
 skewer of wood tbftibgh iif with his partlciilil' 
 and private designationf. That the broth tl^ 
 Ibrmed, shouhl be the supper, and the dtiek m 
 the ensuing mornilig stionfd be the breakfkst, antf 
 which should be d^slHbuted by w wboise shali 
 be this.'* ^trang^ as this tatle may appear U^ 
 you, in these times ; the agreement Was reii-^ 
 giousfy peHVrmcd. Being ;^onng^ my appetitii^ 
 was } atenQiis, as th^t of a Woift bnt itondil^ 
 bowid the st6maeh tightly. '^ 
 
 'We rose early, and each person' selecte<f his 
 bit of pork, which made but a sltigie mouthful | 
 —^there was no controversy. '^Tlie dilndr wa« 
 parted most fairly, into ten shares, each on^ 
 eyeing the hite^rity of the division. X^ienteni^i^ 
 Steele causing the *' turning of the back,*' the - 
 Ittttefy gave me a victory over my respectably^ 
 fHend Chinningham. His share, Wa^ A^ hea^ 
 
,40 
 
 and the feett mine one of the thighs. Hungry ^ 
 and miserahle as we were, even tbis was sport 
 to pur thoughtless minds. In faety we were 
 sustained hy a %ttering iii^pe» that we should 
 soon nieet our friends «< the army.'' 
 
 Seitine out early on the 10th of Oetober^ by 
 the evening we made nearly jSfty miles* /The hit 
 of pork and the rest>oC4he blseuit became my/ 
 .su|iper. ]M[y colleagues were^tmilarly^situaiedf 
 The niprning sun saw us without an^y food« 
 li^e did not defpond. The i^onsolatory idea«| 
 that on tbaty or the next day«. we,iihpu]d-«ei^f' 
 tainly join the army» infused energy into our^ 
 miuds and bodies* iTi^t being without^^ fbod^ 
 tfiQUgh we loved each pthert ef^ery endearment| 
 wbien binds roan to mant was as it were forgot-^ 
 tenj^ ijpjja profound silenee* Afteiir ji long days 
 journey still we were supperless. 
 
 The suecf.eding mprningj,(llth9) starting ear- 
 ly^ we ran at a monstrous rate» The paters by 
 ad^ditional rains above^ bad risen greatly. By < 
 ten or eleven o'elock Jl* M* we observed a great 
 flloioke before uSf :^liieh from its extent, we 
 «ould ascribe ^o nothing else, • tbani the encamp- 
 ment of the army» pur friends and fellow sol- 
 :diers. After some timcy the light canoe» seve- 
 'i^ hundred yards before us, (with Steele and 
 Qeteliel in it») passed between the forks of a 
 tree, which lay rooted in the middle of the; 
 stream^ where roost likely it had lain for many 
 years. AH its branches had been worn away 
 by thp annual frictions of the ''e orwatersy ex*. 
 4sept those which formed the fork» and tibose 
 stood directly against the current, nearly a fibpt 
 •out of water, and ten or more feet apart. See* 
 ing our friends pass through safely, and being 
 unconscious that we were worse or less adven« 
 
uflfry 
 
 were 
 ihould 
 
 me my 
 
 fOfltfl* 
 
 rment| 
 >pgot- 
 ; dajs 
 
 J' 
 
 jps bj 
 By 
 
 i we 
 amp. 
 ir sol* 
 seve- 
 
 > and 
 of a 
 
 rthe 
 Bany 
 l%vay 
 
 > ex- 
 those 
 . foot 
 See. 
 
 41 
 
 turous Watermen than they vrere/ we risked it. 
 We ran with g^eat veloeity. My good Irishman 
 steered. By an unlucky stroke of some one of 
 ourpaddksf (for eaefl of us had one,) bat from 
 his situation and > power over the vessel it was 
 fairly attrihutaMe to the steersman^ the canoe 
 was thrown a little out of its true course, just 
 as it was entenng the prongs of the f^rk. Tri- 
 4i6g as this may appear to yoii, to us it was the 
 s%Aal of. death. One of the [irongs took the 
 right hand side of the canocy within six iaehes 
 (^ the liow» immediately below the' glin wale. 
 Quick as lightning that side of the canoe was 
 laid open from stem to stern, and water was 
 gttshing in upon us, which would Ji^vitabjy 
 have sunk us in a second of time, but for that 
 interference of Providence, which is atbeisticfd- 
 ly called oreaence of mind, otherwi^ a host of 
 men could not have saved us from a wateiy 
 grave* lastlnetiyely leaning to the letlt, we 
 sunk the gunwale of that side down to the wa- 
 ter^s edge, by which we raised the broken side 
 an inch and more out of it. Galling loudly to 
 our companions ahead^ they soon saw our dis- 
 tress and put In, at the great smoke. Carefully 
 and steadily sitting, and gently paddling* many 
 hundred yards^ we landed safely. Here was no 
 army, no friends, no food,-r-iDnly a friendly Are, 
 kindled by ourselves as we ascended the river : 
 it had been <»ur camp. The fire we bad made 
 had scarcely more than smoked, but now it had 
 crept into the turfy soil, and among^ the roots 
 of trees, and was spread over half aaaere. Our 
 siluatioq was truly horrible. Wlien we had ex- 
 amined th^ broken canoe, and had rummaged 
 l^oth for the means of mending it, every heart 
 aeeme^ dismayed. Qur birchnmrk ami pitch, ^ 
 
 D2 
 
43 
 
 had been 'exhausted in fbi^iier repmi^t^r^^nw^ 
 were uritbdut fbiidy— perhaps one hiiiiflpe^ mil^^i 
 f^dn 'ttve lurmyr or perbapi that atMij bad re- 
 tumiedhte iSew £Agland« That sedsaHen-^ the- 
 liilad eaUed '< The horrorSf^^ seemed le^ prevailw^ 
 Getebel alone was reall j sedate and r^eti ve^ 
 He ordered the other guide to seareh ibr bireh^ 
 hwkf whilst be wenjkl look among the pines 
 for tiffpentine. We - followed the^ one^ or the^ 
 other^^ef tbese worthies^ aeeording^ oiir IneB^ 
 nations^ and seon retarned with tho& desirable^ 
 materfob; The eed'ar root was In plenty under 
 ourfeet* NoW adHReultj oequrre% whiek had 
 ^ l>een unforeseen, aad which was seeming^ des* 
 tractiTeof an hope. This was the wantof fa^ e|p. 
 oil of eyerj kind, with whieb to make the titiM 
 pentiiie into ^iteh« A lucky thought occurred 
 to the youngest of the company, that the pork 
 bag^ lay empty iind neglected, in one of the 
 canoes* The thought and the act of brineing 11^ 
 were instantaneous. The bag was ripped, and 
 as if it had been so much gold dust, we scraped^ 
 from it about a pint- of dirty fat« Getebel now 
 prepared jan abumlanee of pitch* The cedar 
 root gaTc us twine. The canoe was brou§^ t up 
 to the Hre. We found erery rib except a f<i?w 
 at the extreme points, actually torn from the 
 gunwale. All hand# set to work — ^two hours af- 
 terwards, the canoe was borne to the water. 
 * We embarked, and proceeding cautiously, a# 
 we thought, along the shore, (for we dared not 
 yet, with our eraggy vessel, venture into deep wa- 
 ter,) a snag, staging up stream, struck through 
 the bottom of the oanoe. This accidenf; ha{N 
 pencd about live hundred yards from the M* 
 We put back with heavy hearts and great ditt- 
 euUy-.-ottr friends fellotred^ It to^ an boirt^to 
 
 flf' 
 
 eai 
 iu 
 
 US1 
 
 iat( 
 Oh 
 dres 
 
43 
 
 pliloh tlie jgip Tlrb^np of idnNil^ w&t not yet 
 hill. As tbe m^n ^/f^te bearing the iromidedl^ 
 canoe to* t^ water, sergeant Sojd wljiib pad^^^ 
 in the small eaDoe» whieb' Wtfsvdrawn iip as* 
 u»iial:i taking hold of tlie bo^ taised ^it Mralsl> 
 high (as iras right) intendii^ to sUde It gendy 
 into the wotor—lhe bank vat ite^and slipp'ry* 
 Oh:| m J dear eb9dren> yon eannot cone^Te the 
 dread and horror the sve^eding part of this 
 seene prodneed in onr mindii : 2m» Boy^^ feet 
 slipfied— the canoe fell from his hand^^-^ite ewn 
 weight llillffig upon the ca¥fly» Ibmied by the 
 deeMvity of- the bank and^ th^ water—broke It 
 in the eentt^f Into two ^eeesy and which were 
 held together by nolhing but the gnnwaleB. 
 Now al^olnle de^alr for the ti^^j^|e;l«;^^ 
 me; A thought came across my nif^^ibiit the 
 Almi^ty had destined us to die of hfinger> in 
 this inhospilable wilderness. The i^^tMicfel^ 
 of my parents, my brothers aiid sister, an# the 
 cliEHidestlne and cruel manner of my delertiog 
 them, drew f roin me seme hidden, yet burning 
 tears, and mueh meutal contritions Thia was 
 unknown, unseen and unheard of by any,^ but he- 
 who Is present every wherb, knows every thing, 
 and sees our inmost thoughts. Getchel, (com* 
 paring smi^l things with great, who much re* 
 sembkd Homer's description of Ulysses^ in hia 
 person, atid^ whose stayed and sober wisdom and^ 
 foresi^t^ also bore a likeness to the ta- 
 lents of that hero,) resigned, yet thoughtful 
 and active, instautly went tb work. The cfmoe 
 was brought to the fire, and placed in a proper 
 posture for the eperation. The lacerated part« 
 were neatly brought together, and sewed with 
 eedfil* root. A large ridge of pitch, as is eus- 
 totnary in the eonstruetion ef thi»klnd of wnter 
 
■liii^ 
 
 44 
 
 eraft^ Jirai laid Qver the aeam t$ make H waters? 
 dgbt. Over the ^am a fiteh ef strong bark a^' 
 fi»9l.ito widtby and of a le^i^h suifieientto.eiietrbv 
 oliei the botioiiiy evea to the gunwalesy was sewed 
 down, at the edges and pitched. Again orer the 
 whole of the wQT^t it w«s thought prudent to 
 plaise Vnur p^rk bagt .whieh wa& well saturated 
 wilth ilquid fat. It was a full yard wide» and) 
 wai^laid down in thcidftQie manner. This w^rfc 
 whi^h tas lahoriouji B^rly cofisumefl. the rest; 
 c^j^daj* : 
 
 We 4iet out notwithstanding the lateness of the 
 hour» aiad would it is likely have gone all nighty 
 well knowing the water below to be good» hut 
 fo|* an enlivening occurrence, which soon after 
 na^eiied. Hunger drove us along at a eauttous 
 biit riipid rate. The sterility of the eountrj 
 above# Ibad aibrdcd usno game, isehher moosCf 
 bear nor wolf : nothing in shorty but the diver, 
 and a red ^ine squirrel, which was too small and 
 quick to be kiljed by a bullet* These squirrek 
 did not much excei^ in si^e our stiiiped groiH^ 
 squirreU About dusk the lieutenants eai^, 
 foiir hundred yards before us/ had within view, 
 turned a sharp point of land, when we heard the 
 crack of a rifle, and prei^ntl^ aoothw and a huz- 
 za. . Apprehending an attaek from an enemy, 
 W0 pulled hard to be enabled to sU9tain our 
 friends. In a moment or two, observing tliem 
 milling for the north »h6re, which was steep, we 
 i|»oked up it for the enemy. GoodHeaveus ! what 
 a sight ! We saw a moose-deer, falling on the 
 topof the hank. A cry of eiUUfi^ioii seemed 
 to burst the narrow valley of tfat river. Stiiefe 
 had struck the deer in the flanks as it wa» leav- 
 ing the water, but it sprung uji the b«^ wit^ 
 aglllly. JWl^telV With better f^timtt^ i«i|4}» 
 
 
 « 
 
Mhved 
 T ther 
 
 Bllt W 
 
 irftted 
 
 > and 
 
 D rest' 
 
 of the- 
 
 night. 
 If Jbut 
 after 
 ntioiiB 
 mntrjr 
 noose, 
 diver, 
 lUand 
 
 roiMKi 
 aiMie, 
 view, ' 
 dthe 
 iliaz- 
 leniy, 
 our 
 tliem 
 pf ^e 
 
 I the 
 semed 
 
 leav- 
 
 
 m^lh 
 
 Jip»Teed its heart; as itvi^rrlved at the topw' Seer 
 ig this you eanseani^jriiuaf^ine the celerity <Mr 
 ofir mov^n^ents;. We were ashore in a j|iomeilt« 
 A Are wal |j^iiidled,.U]^^^^s off 
 
 th^ nose, nf^ iipperlip of 4hf aniim, instantrj^t 
 apd Uii4 i^. on the ir^* Wiiat a fbast I iSut we 
 wl^e imdimt* We siiiup alt nhj^ht^ seleetii^ 
 th^ Ci^ and t^thl^s^^^ Mmgf pmstiiig 
 
 and|l^MUiig, hilt earetiiHy eating little at a time. 
 "JT^frai^ «^eiraing» 1 a:i^ hows, 9^^^ 
 
 lively es|t^Dl«^ssjptf.oott^^^^ We knew #kat 
 
 w^ ha^ arri?i^l^)fi^a^ l4fn|i- 
 
 , and wh^ tj^ier^Wc^ no foes saperipr to our 
 
 1^ 12,<^W«i iroee aftl^fui|rife9.andi began a^^ 
 ^or^ng to praiQtli^j; j(o expainct and pi^are oir 
 giiiis^ JPi^^ n^, was ^aeipd i^Uiit « 
 
 Jrc^j. % dn^r in c^riuie, was oC i|^ ^yf^na^ 
 4a|i* jSeorip Merel^ant, my eoa^iAti^^ IiimI 
 j^e ^ t)ie ri^ fli ran $|ic^ siei^^^^ 
 
 ^m swiiRii^il^ fu^ tpwsurdi tl|e 
 
 cainp,. W^j[nip^^^ sohaj^ned 
 
 t^at my j^ation was rearward. . The enprnionfi 
 anioial ,was poimtng- towi|ids us, and not mor^ 
 ttian 4f% paees \m^ ]^% ^ead and hprps only 
 ahoye water. ,11i%i^t wns animating. Wheel-, 
 er and some others fired at bis head, hnt witl|f> 
 out eflfc^et*^^ The extreme de^re they lii^to^P!B^t«> 
 seas sa noUe % p]^, plplm^y^^^ e^^ trf^imip 
 
 of the hajQd, pf jli^t part ot hii Jiody^ i^ impinip 
 etrable to oitf^imall halbji Whieh is inofil;^.!^ 
 The moose itttrne4' an^^ fwam to the pj^^ite 
 hank^ fiaving,got to tap verge of the mer» bis 
 emerging was awaited. My ballstruek preeli^^ 
 iy where ii; pught to kUL The huge, anhnil 
 6«gp t&e Jianl|L% seve^ ImggUng l0ap%' but 
 
46 
 
 sCfemed iininowiiig wfiksli wiiy i6 riiii>-^We thought 
 he would fall. WheeWr» mud some others^ get^ 
 tiog kito the eunoes, jMtrftUecl him by his hlood 
 half m mile. Wh^ Whe^sler returned^ he ovepi 
 loaded me with praises for the aecurac^ of the 
 shot, mid was eonfldeht that the deer was kil^ 
 led. We had tio time to spare. We feasted 
 till nooo, and isi the iiftermedi|Kte moments/ eul<^ 
 kd the entrails fbr the fht: we even broke the 
 bones, an^ extiiieted the jfiarrow* under the full 
 penNiftsiony that Ibod of iln«dty natur^^ it one of 
 the strongest malnstiiys of humiin life. Of tbi^ 
 prineipley if we had a dotibfy we Were shorthr 
 afterwards most irrcfragaUy convinced. We 
 depal*tigd ihrdttt our tvmtf joyousfy, untortnred 
 1^ the fear of starving: our eanoe sunk deep 
 hytlM» Righto Running some 
 
 miles and Mid^ dooMii^ li points we saw aj 
 
 nit^ gr^ wolf sitting ott^ his haunehe»^he wa# 
 ilredat, but the distance Was too gretH^-^He es^ 
 eiiped. Looking down the river we saw a moose" 
 sfwimming fbbm the nkitt to an island^it was 
 soon hsoug^lft down. It proved to b^ you ng-^of 
 s^Mst ilO0 wel]dit. J(ts earirandila^s were ihueit 
 tent by the wolf; Thir ptizi^ eenstltuted Vealiu 
 oitr larder. Tlie eholee plirts were deposited la 
 the eauoes^the resMue Wis^al the disposal of 
 
 thew'olft- ^^- ■ vK-' 
 
 ' lllie fMlowi«^ mendiigy (Oeteber I3th,) cm-^ 
 blH^king eitrly, after noort we arrived at our flrst 
 eneamplng groundf 6» ttve «^ Dead river," in 
 good healtir and splrils | though pallid a^ weak,' 
 Ibr the waht of ku%staiKtial fooff in due quantity.! 
 
 ' By thisf time tlie fat Und marrow, of the ani- 
 mals we had killed, were ekhausted, and our' 
 stock of salt had been long stnee expended. One 
 who has hever been depitvefl fii bre«d itnd 
 
 i 
 
 el 
 
 w< 
 
lughf 
 
 geti 
 blood 
 
 f the 
 B kilw 
 
 1, cul- 
 :e the 
 6 fuU 
 ineof 
 r thi^ 
 lortly 
 We 
 iffi^d 
 : deep 
 90ine 
 sal^ at 
 e trai 
 Ierei«^ 
 
 flVst 
 
 id 
 
 ^eak,' 
 
 itity^f 
 
 anf- 
 
 find 
 
 ♦3f 
 
 iittff nor hQC^wn tk« absence of okaf^ilious tiib^ 
 itanees in bU foodt Qamiot make a true esiimale 
 <l( the jiiva^aiUde be»0fi(» of tuoh Ingredieolt^ 
 in tke smAtiMUitioa of the bodl^ frame; nor of 
 like exlremilj of Qur ebraoteal debility. 
 V W^ ateended the baiik» wkiek is steept and 
 ilNlttl fbnrleei^ fitol kigh> emrr^li^ oor baggage^ 
 iiws iMid ventsoOf lei»iiFelj» hy pieeemeaL Tiiub 
 f«MM^«»; |i» beiM too heaTj for otir atrengtfl^ 
 Ifere seevff d 1ien»,W9 to the ivater» hy nvilhet. it 
 W«9^;Uni»edia(ely eoneluded to preserve our prof 
 f isions hy Jurkiiif. This operation is done hj 
 slicing Ihe niealint^ thin strips. Then driviog 
 (oiMT. forks inio the »urib» in a square positioti, 
 %i the reqtiiriBd distanoe perpendiealarly, and 
 byjtng pok> f rom i«rk to focky and polesi athwart 
 f ro'Mi^ pole to pole^ A raekJs thuft«m^e> about 
 fbaf feet hi^» on which the slieed meat i»lakl^ 
 %jHid9in0ker fires nre made undoraeatlu . Tbisdu* 
 If ^ns 8<HHi perforinod* We mw hegan tu look 
 nVmi MS* aiid^iieus* the soliiieQt of oui^ return 
 i$k tht firm^ wbiiBh we^ had^. before tliis thnsf 
 pier^ttadedottrselYfiB ve^hould meet at tbis jdiaee* 
 The noiiii||>p^mn«e :^ the armjr and our dlsr 
 li^esji^ndniMNlaiMmtdusim tluul we were deserts 
 fd» iind fi^n4sitnoA to a disas^ous: fate» tlw/iae# 
 i|itab|erjreiMiU of wl^M^ wiiidd he^ a stidLing into 
 tteritit^ for wimt of ibiody, for though we liii^t 
 hmi^ killed mw d«er» ^he yigaufrof onr bodi|$ 
 was so red«ioed> , thai we were eqnYmeedithini 
 ihat.kiiii4 of f^9 eonfld.not restore us to. our 
 Wt>n^d ^wfingy, mi enmbie n» to perfbrte sionig^ 
 gedand longa niareh» as tfiat to the ilrontiiers ^f 
 Ilidn^., Tne notioA of . nmrigating rihe nvery 
 !Vas s^oiited M n faHbuu^^ lieeause ;we dhl m^ 
 p|j>j^ess, a sufileient #g|ree. of bodily foree^ ii 
 ti^ thnienaojeA »ed^os% the: t^lve^^mtk^earrsdHug^ 
 
l^e. At» In the eaie of tkfi rcitreftiof the Mt- 
 jnyr we hud determined t* Mlow» it became re- 
 qitittite to 4n:i»h the jierkiiigy whieh wovld take 
 4UX day»9 to malse it the more portabie» f^r mt. 
 feebleness^ and preaenrable if we fthould haifi 
 wet weather on the marehw It was further eon- 
 eluded <« That lietttenant Steele, Qetehel and 
 Wheeler, should Immediately proceed <hi fbei 
 across the tweIye-mile*earr3ring-piaoe, to meet 
 ihe army : If they did meet iU that they should 
 feturn to us with supplies by the end of three 
 days, but ia all eveiits to «etum.^ Having 
 jDo doubt of the honoir of 4faose gentlemen^ 
 the rest of the party remakiedf eheerfoDjr 
 jierking the meal. Now we experienoed the fuU 
 extent of a netw species of stiirmg. Having nei- 
 ther bread, nor salt^ nor fiit of any kind, every 
 day we remained hercy WjC became more flind 
 more weak and emaciated* We had plenty of 
 nieatt both fk«ih and dried^ of whicli we ate. 
 Ibuf*, five and six times a day,, lo^efery shim we 
 had the ineant of dressing it. Thci^ we 
 gorged the stomach, the appetile wae nnsatlatedt^ 
 Something like a^arrhcfMi ensued, whieh eon- 
 ttributed to the imbecility lif our bodies. Bears 
 oil would have made pur fcniti^Mi savoury, but 
 cuch an funmal as a beer, we had as jt^ not seen 
 in all pur vrapdertngs.. On thd evening of th# 
 iburtb di^ we Ippl^ out for cur absent com« 
 Ipanions with, raueb heartfelt anxiety* Tliey 
 came not* In the moridng of tWnext dl^, we 
 epnsuUed upon the questioa whether we should 
 follow the army. A majority voted for staying 
 afew ^ys longer to complete the jerking. Tq 
 shew you the^at bodUy wei^pegs we w^re 
 J^rought to, it may be proper to relate the fok 
 lowfog anecdote as more eviaeive of ti^ fact,: 
 
me re- 
 li take 
 
 I hum 
 $r eon- 
 tel and 
 « Ibul 
 meet 
 •hmild 
 * three 
 Kafing 
 lemen^ 
 erf aUjr 
 hefua 
 ng neU 
 ► every 
 re taA 
 enty qP 
 we ali. 
 f^ ira 
 1^ we 
 tlaie^ 
 tk eon* 
 Bean 
 y^ but 
 >t seen 
 of th« 
 I eom« 
 They 
 jff we 
 hottld 
 ItayiB; 
 
 13^ 
 TO 
 
 wBro 
 
 le fol«. 
 
 faety: 
 
 tten M^^aiiiivjmili^ IflMraiglitlie idoylod^ 
 to bring it ftilly 16 your minds, iiltorgeant Boyd 
 (the ;«trbngeati <|md' stouteiit taan of the pa#ty, 
 luid ,periMipa of tlie army^) ftnd myself; takM 
 mir.iiraMi# deseended ihto^a canoe^ and passed 
 tto ifi v^i'^ thie meuitiE bf the ^ireefcbefbr^ mei^ 
 iMncd^' intending to' 1^ t#^e liext |iond bii tlie 
 lMilli«fiiig^)a»er etham td^meety as wit li^ied^ the 
 IttI'vaiiee '6f'idhOi(;ai>«nr'.^^i^ We ^^t^ggev^d along 
 thivHighjthejdsin^f^iyifiqpftlvfery nofvr and ihei^ 
 if iodiilnNM.^ Indi ttoiiiidied:a>t%fg or taft pf iftnwL 
 mmmi^dmg ftil^^f^y' iro^ «irW<fed at the eJH|o>^ 
 4li«iiniMt-hog^i%biilt4irindntloned as^w^ a^en^ 
 i^dktlte ffhnw^ aiMl iiriiieh ia inie anda hdfi oe 
 l9m*Tmi|f»ifi«ii>^tfini|jiMid« v^iMi^ my' worthy^ 
 iHinABffi/sl^ii'^a^ ^aanfe do^n up^ 
 
 rnttm htg^ |M|^rkieat|i l«<^ii|aft'?of' ex^ 
 gridf,^ 1 mh: thdseilrltaide HiH^ ^ea^mrMiig tb i^ 
 f«seriodfnlb|t^«iiddOttfilg«^iilitd Ms^^d^ mind^ 
 Itf^ii mi vfOhl. ^ iiTJub debility of hk body bad 
 d i wato ediftfa^ntttinqj^bnl^ souh Every art in m^ 
 MMn6B^tif«n»exefOiMto Inducie hiiii to ]pas8 tbb 
 Mg^hei^ivoitld ndt^ U^Ufmto Ine on <tii^ sobje^ 
 Meiaiiohio^^of ttN^^sfieffate kiirdo^esiiklmv*: 
 ^omihwod ^lit Ah^ mamy had^wetrdit^ tt prog^ 
 ifeitiaatiod^reiailed lb my mliid;^ thiit^%e t^oiifl. 
 dli^dle of oiH ithbHky^ln tliMO iHlds. We saf 
 «irjiidiff% «f:i)t^^lentt^«ii« -agreed tir retmn ^ oill^ 
 kiktipii tiioagbftt'JNifriyM^tfriy in Hie^afieHibbt^ r 
 J^tfir oo iip a iiy ona^^ miiki^^himed i^ sei^iis^ ^ink^ 
 Ing^blit tiBondiig fto^ soon/ iidleatcid good n^^ 
 Hat fiv^oomr^df ^speititibii^fa^lved; Air i|J^^ 
 itfflWt^ to« liveottft ilives^ W6' all' •agreed ^tt^p^si 
 j^4^iif«Fr^boif0Xt morniilgand fotiotrUi«iifi^ij|y; 
 jtfidoli "WJ^ >wirv«« iioir ^sfiiired; t«iid rdill*it«dt44 
 
so 
 
 At iBileli of oar aiawkith foddf mtrii6^o«littoa» 
 leniently oavry* :^ #t ^i»»il * ; rf'»i? »♦.; 
 
 . Oet. I7<i-— We started earl^; pasMid the rhrer, 
 but from w»Te inability to eari^ our eanoei» left 
 them bebind ub^ at tbe> bank of tbe ereek;, 
 Mavobing forwaiiiy as fast as our Ibebia/ iHmis 
 -would oari^ us^ Wkea we came to. tbe»riii|r 
 wbere B<^d bad seated bkatelf, we' ireni HUeii 
 with : extatie jej to obserie^ : on ibe i ibr side I of 
 itbe bog9*a party of pioneira ibrinin§pitiei||eMWdjf 
 ^r tbe pMsage^qf MieBmm^i Our st miK<ki »ri« 
 dottbled-^we pbssed^^be bog witlt^ eentlmnMe 
 apeed. Our wan and bagf^M^ faees^ and^meai^ 
 gre bodies^ and the monstr^m benrds of ibj 
 eompanionsy wM bad.Mf;leoledj|0'i^iirry lafraflHir 
 With the iiH saeqnied) toi st nike' a«4tep • sion^ w nH'4 
 the bearti of. the pionier^^ 1%% giiv>^ us:« 
 Uttle of Jtbeit ibod» but wblit eodiilarat^d tM 
 moret wliS'tbeiffforniationy tbairinaJerrFebige^ 
 with tbe advanced-giiardy Jay at.Uie neixt pimdb 
 We urged forward as iist aa.we; eould; Aannm' 
 ing at his tire a little before n^ evMBpaajv*? 
 ine^ipaeity to stand eompdUed me to aiu j^bir 
 ger» in » hutrM manneay liJik^d wbd^iie w^ri^? 
 and f roib wbenee we eacie I : iA feir twarda^i0k> 
 /fdianed the: mystery anA ea^se of onvf dis^ 
 ^resB. ' A glistening tear aUoNid in this brav^stfb 
 pier's eyetb A« it were witb « aad^n aad«^to»> 
 iuntary motion and ^tmtfb^endemeiifrtbM bandmi 
 jtne bis wooden eanteen^j^wbieb contaiafd^lheilait 
 spirits in tbe army^) from me it passed tO'Ctt»» 
 ningbam» wbobadJ^^ eomeup^ Ibe moitnghastl- 
 Jyand way-wiM»fi9lH*e in nature^ frombkniit 
 went round tAitbeie8t> who armved gradtt^|r^ 
 (but slowly, ^e heart of Febigerseeified or^«(- 
 joyed M the relief he badi. imH amU iiibrft^ij^ 
 The Hquor bad restored our fainting s^Hts, bol 
 
 •»?; 
 
•lit M.^' 
 
 rhrer, 
 
 limit 
 illMl 
 
 MEttliB 
 
 traaor 
 ipimdb 
 
 I, bttC 
 
 51 
 
 fhb wat not eatvfdi for hii'^generotltjf' toexki^ 
 bitw He reauesteu nt to tate seatt around the 
 Are, and wait ike boiHag of nit kettle, wklek 
 wai well repka|itked wkk pork and dumplin^i^ 
 Thie wae all delved to our nte, aeeompanled 
 br an open beartedaest and tlie kinikBt exprei- 
 •fens of interest fof^onr suilbrlnga, and regard 
 for our perseveranee hi our dutj as military 
 men. This meal to all of us seemed a renewal 
 of life. It was aceustonied Ibdd. Febiger, ere 
 tbia/time, was unkiiown . 4o ns» bat in tbe pro^ 
 oess of exeats, be ae^ired our esteem ami en- 
 tire eonfldeneoi as a f riend and a real soldier. 
 Our more ijniinediate andiatimato friends, were 
 still beyond Ibe pond, but eoming forward. By- 
 and-by Morgaa came, large, a commanding as- 
 peet, and stentorian Voice* He wore leggins^ 
 Mid a cloth in the Indian style. His thighs, 
 which were exposed to view, i^peared to have 
 been lacerated by the thorns and bushes. He 
 knew our story from Steele and Wheeler, and 
 greeted us kindly. . We now fbund ourselves at 
 kome,. in the bosom of a soeiety of bravo men, 
 with whom we were not only willing^ but anx- 
 ifiUB to meet the brunts of war. This was the 
 twenty-siscth day iwe had faeeni absent from the 
 army. In the evening we restimied our stationo 
 in our respective messes. It was now fully ex* 
 plained to us, why: Steele^ bad noiv' brought us 
 relief. He had met the advinnee of 4Jte ariny 
 on' the IJMcniiebeek side of the, oarrying-|daee. 
 Alwaysl aiert and indefatigaUor when any duty 
 >i^as to be done : the labours of ihe men in ear^ 
 ^ykig boats, barrels of flour, &;e. wereintoler- 
 afiler and required the strength and atbletie' 
 e«eftio<i»^f the ofllcersi and particularly suoh 
 as Keutenant Steele, to enliven them in tiieir du- 
 
 ■.<•«»" 
 
« 
 
 sz 
 
 m 
 
 vim A\mmer^mfimm* moti€^4h9Ar.^huti am 
 M^Konk^yi auMi afteli^we tell them, ^^Hi de«ert| 
 o4 th<)ir^0l^ caiTliiiignll^ji^^ ii9«14l QB titeir 
 Imi^»»^ to meettiit avaii^^f '^4^ ckeiiavd]^ ivio«^ 
 
 irag^r 9O01I tensie^ aiid>itiiilftte /afe^ flf^lthe Hiii* 
 mer : n^tlilns iOfiOttCftt^r^meiiQiMtoj^^ ^ 
 fame Qf ili«9ei men aftoefriiMki^ ^ X^Jrst #»v 
 an i^yaiiyU ibetalflee^ e^^i#»mr|(k> ilnyi»im 
 9eat^|iQ|^ tbe ehailictaeftif mii^ "imelv jiaiu 11^ 
 be eompt^llBd t»<ii^ini jo^ owa di^fonnv^ ift Hit 
 eoi^riie of 7oiif! liVe% it <«f ill Im a good geiujifal 
 mte for yoiito adopts 'Ma tvwiMitlieryoa to 
 in tlie^ eompaay of mUkar^ iiiea-«»i>wilolar8-^iiie» 
 aC f^tlaw^li^lisl^tors^ to. &e* in^^skerl^ per^ 
 9«iii o£^ anjr profeaskn or elsti^^if yea fia# % 
 ppjmoi^'¥(dtyfhil/B^AfAauW''''mdraggmg^ Hie eiMiTef la^ 
 liiofii to himsdf, .and in; a dieigtorial 1^ takiay 
 4)i9^ imA^ fattt movo flipeeiaM^if lie ialttt ^ iilaii 
 «wtt |i^weai4*4i6p^it8diii9*««*eame»tte lias tfri^ 
 e^k?-elo^eneef lie. &ۥ. #it fdll moffe mWtlm 
 party boaafts of ^miltlii^ oli aiusesiijr. < fii^ iliii 
 Ar»t iit«iaiiee^ nwkhout ledkatiba^t. s# sublii'w^ 
 p^rftup dowa kti yoitr iaeiiiory'a»«ii^ln«^g;a#ieio^^ 
 %ni<i*opuflfeiv until yauoaiiia^uire fnvllMsr "fi^ 
 pmf to4beeoitite^ i^^lre^are, «ol^lMN>^ 
 edgjB> exeepiHoiia tq thill |^RiBinl< I*iik|i4but lii^ 
 iajiMiberv paitffiidarly la tteti^iitttitiv^^ claiNb 
 M^Koakeis n^ of tlio pmil^^ HiM,t|iMi vimf^^ 
 
 
 0* 
 
 iVi 
 
 ■fh'' 
 
S3 
 
 ufwma 
 ar iifti 
 
 in owl 
 4ltelr 
 
 St il»» 
 nryaii» 
 
 lu Wilt 
 torn to 
 fist * 
 
 
 ,/.;,f'iv 
 
 never was a more eoniummate scoandrel and 
 eoward. 
 
 October ISth.^— NW we turned onr faces to- 
 wards the nortb. fial^fiik reMned our mes|<^ 
 ifiateSf ei\f oyhii substandalfood and warm tei|ts« 
 "Wt soon mruued a good degree of streagthf 
 and onr forfher gaietjr of temper and hilarity re« 
 turned to tis. We aeeompankd the armyi aild 
 became a kind of guidies in minute matterSy ifor 
 the paths and carrying places we had sufflclent*^ 
 ly dcYelopedy fbr cftptain Ayres and Ms pioneer^ 
 by strong blashig and snagging of bttsh6s^/s6; 
 that he might proeeedin perfect security, in tiii^ 
 pe^ormauce i)T the duties of his olBee. Th^ 
 thl^ee companies of riileioeii under Moi*gan took 
 up our M encaniping ground on the << Dead 
 rivery" during the auentodn of the following 
 day. 
 
 Oct. 19th h 20th.— Here We Uty elicattiped foif 
 aevd^l daysy waiting the arrival of the rear ^t 
 the New England troops : they came tip hoiiirljr. 
 Diirlog our stay bett)» it pleased me interiialqr^ 
 to observe, that Morgan adopted certafij j^iil^^ 
 of diseiplinc, abdoluiely necessary to th^B stiite 
 we w^re in, but discoraani with the wild and 
 extravagant notions, of bur private hifrt*^ Pow- 
 der aiid ball, particularly the first, t6 lis Hfle- 
 men was of the Htst consequence. At CaJii- 
 bridge the horns belonging to the ineft, ^re.iB]!- 
 led with an excellent rifle powder-^wfifd^ whi^il 
 expended, could not be replaced in Cikn%d|i' W 
 ai|y powder of an equal quality. The meli tiw 
 gdjt into a habit of throwihg it away at every; 
 tipmdr oUeet. Upon our return from the Chau- 
 ^l^^ns^ tlus eirenmstanoe raised disgust In us: 
 
 'i^r. 
 
 ^ Sec Note IV. 
 
 £ a 
 
54 
 
 ».\. 
 
 for vfe liful . b|peii studlcNislj Q«jrf)ful of eur am^ 
 uittnUion^ fliever Aring 6at ftt iome object "fn^^h 
 yrpu]^ g^ve U8 1^ miMnj|jo|,i»^^ ^oi^ 
 
 w il^ W <»ur Ibadp e«^^ ipien^^ f i^iH ft fiip? 
 of t|[^ 4limj^i8 tff^iilir A^ii^tif^ the im 
 HttdipowdeE 5ref9 hefer lust. Ottt^p^t's^curs 
 liiHitignt ike first 6 wlA efMe, iiM^ii wi^ re- 
 eatit-^-^ki^ JiMtter wfMi em^W retto^rtteA 4o ?A<b 
 JiorQy if^liere^ if mojsti it soptt.beeamejiJrjr. Tte 
 priQ«ii||il of Mor^pn's ^ttiei wei»^ tl& there 
 
 j^llrlfi^^ltiiotttMlli^ Rear 
 
 $f^ue at t^esd mj^^^ tfa«]r were op^ 
 
 ^dedt peing young 1^ 
 ^eiit, a vhiaperpf approteliPiidM lM»tffi^^^ 
 Ikiift^^lileli) ittin^MHrtMraiiiate^s^ have 
 
 l^ea ^deUeate*. p^as ^left lo t^ 
 Morgaii^iB mindsi, and he eoaqiiered*^^ j^ oar 
 reiltiiq^herey ilnieM^ aeeom and 
 
 iHvqi^ <»beel]eA^^ hoatmen^ pmee^^ed the head 
 ojf. JM nver. The lilto o^iTps. preceded the 
 ii(fg4fi hodjr of the^^ watei% 
 
 l^eboatB^ which wd« ||i^|i^ 
 
 «and fHNiividc^ 
 neeeanfM!^ t^ imi^ile Ui#^ Ibat is» three 
 to a boat. The remaiQa^ of me army marched 
 h^lahd, the liver heiiig gener^ity the guide. 
 
 Hek^r my dear ehMdk^ht^mitt Jne to^eyou 
 the genuine charaeter of my friend^ general 
 $imp86i|^ whom you all ki^iw- pernpually. He 
 wpii among my ^arlicft aa<ii :be«t frieadi. He 
 was then as a^rentl^ eeeentriCf %» he is at this 
 time ; there is no obvious diJfllsrenee in hk maa^ 
 irters between the tW4) pariods. As an offieec^ he 
 iwas alwayi active and keen in the pe^ormalilw 
 •of his duty« Hard was the serviice | but ^s 
 
■" "vi:^* ■=;•- 
 
 ,'h:>U 
 
 ^') *:''''^ i^A 
 
 ir am^ 
 
 sercurs 
 ran ve- 
 ^ tlie 
 
 The 
 t1ie«e 
 f-^-and 
 ^vJlear 
 »re op- 
 eleab- 
 Ifrom 
 btbaye 
 5i^y of 
 iag oar 
 ele and 
 lebead 
 ed the 
 water, 
 iihag- 
 B i&an 
 » three 
 arehed 
 ide. 
 
 eyau 
 
 aeral 
 He 
 He 
 at this 
 
 man* 
 sec^lie 
 imaiiNi 
 
 It Us 
 
 55 
 
 hea?t wai» soft to Ms fckad. Simi^on incited 
 1^ fliiesfmate aboard Ms boat» be»^ sanies 
 ^fjb^t Ijie^e iiroiii olo; late {Mtivations :. the iml^' 
 U,U/m ^iU>|^Mly'iieaf^Fted» 
 
 spa^lbr, a sli^^imiMin» and J<din^Tim«ad^JaBi»i 
 BattglnertytM boatnen^ lire went ga^f on for 
 that and tbo next^^ : aMe to lead any boat in 
 tb«i river. 
 
 O^atober 224*< — On the exeniag of tMs «eeoad 
 dajf ^0 eneamped on a bank eight or ftliie^feet 
 bighf at ji plaee wbwe we bad bested iH^^'aft^ 
 eendiag Ae riyt&r theHrst time. Ii»4he erente^ 
 almost lieavy torrent of rain £ill i^n Us* w^m 
 eontinned ail nigiit. Having now a gl»od ^^»|t 
 over our heads» die ineoveniesiee was not muoh 
 felt^^^ 1^^ Towards tirotningy we 
 
 were awaked bjr the water wMehflowed in open 
 us ffam j^ river. We ted to h%bgroiiiid. 
 
 Oet. 2dd«-^When mbming eame the river ppe- 
 8ent<^ a most frigh^l ai|N&et : it^bad Hsen at 
 least eight fetip JEuid flowed wttfa tertifyfii^ ra* 
 pidiif • N^ne but tb«r most slxvag mm aetiNre 
 boiit^oion^tereii the boat«. The ar^ MHirflifd 
 mi ^e south side of the ri^^ri. mlikhig lai^ eirt 
 i^nlls to avoid tte overftowings of ^ mevfvie 
 or bottont4ands* This was one of th6 inOst^ 
 tiguingmarehes we had as yet perfomedr though 
 the ^l^anee was not great. in a direet li^e* 
 Butii^ng no path and being. nee€i^tate#i6 
 oUmb the steepest hills, and that witiilitt i|Od» 
 for we took none with us, thinMng ihe boats 
 would be near us M day. In the evonittg we 
 arrived at the Ml of four feetf wbieh wHsmea- 
 timiedwhen ascending the river. Alas! idl tbe> 
 boats of the army were on the opponte oide ^ 
 tjto river. The pitch of the fall nmde a dread- 
 
56 
 
 fill noise* and the ouvpent ran with iminenseYe- 
 loeity. We sat down on the hank sorelj pinoh-^ 
 ed by hunger, looking . wli^fblly tolrards onr 
 friends bejond the' torfeiit> wh* were in jfath* 
 session of 4^1 the ^^rovisions, tents atid eilttip 
 e^iuftage. Cowtrineed howeirery that the Jkiost 
 adventurous boatman would not dare the pas- 
 sage, for the sake of aecotiHadodating any of u«* 
 We were mistaken. There were two nien, and 
 on^ two who had skill mfd courage to dfn*e it. 
 Need lieutenant Simpson on an oeeadon like this, 
 he named ; he, sl'$cbmpanied by John TSra, en- 
 tered his empC^ boat* What skM in boatman- 
 ship! what aptitude with the pajjUle was here 
 exhibited. The prineipal body^of the water 
 vitn over the middle of the fkH, and ereat#d a 
 Ibaming and impetuoiis torrent, in some ibea- 
 sure resembling, at this particular time, of a 
 very high freshet, that of the Oswegd-fhlls, 
 wiMlch 1^ b^bn known to me ere this. 'liie 
 river was about 150, or ^00 yards in breads, 
 etuntiiig OR the increase of water by the rains, 
 f to force of the central current natur^ly form* 
 Od eonsiderable eddies at each sMe of |he river, 
 close itailer the pkeh. Simpson neWdiselosed 
 his amaaJng skill. Though theri^ was an eddy, 
 evenf. tl^ was frightful, he came by it»meaii 
 nearly under the pitch, and trying to obtain ati 
 exa^ start, failed. The stream forced his boat 
 down the -river, but he recovered and brought 
 iltup. Now wcy who were trembling for the fkte 
 of our friend, and anxious for our o^wn accom- 
 modation, began to fear he might be drawn 
 under the pitch. Quick, almost in a moment, 
 3^iinpson< was. with us. He called in his loud 
 vo^ce to Robert Dixon, James Old (a messmate) 
 aad myself to enter the boat-r- We entered im* 
 
 ■ "',' ii'- 
 
 A 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
 Pi 
 m 
 a 
 h 
 
 B 
 'J 
 
 e 
 
 t 
 I 
 ] 
 I 
 { 
 I 
 
'^C-d^'- + .'..'"''^' 
 
 *r 
 
 ptnell^ 
 
 8 Olllf 
 
 Aiost 
 e pfti* 
 of a«. 
 If and 
 Kre it. 
 
 (tky en*- 
 tman- 
 hcre 
 water 
 ited a 
 mea* 
 I of a 
 
 adAif 
 
 rorm- 
 Piter, 
 loosed 
 eddy, 
 neati 
 n all 
 boat 
 light 
 fkte 
 Bom- 
 •awii 
 lentf 
 loti# 
 ate) 
 
 A 
 
 llg favdr #r tlir llii|i^ed%> trll^^ 
 
 foar ^tiMlisV' 4iie«Bfii#erale Hieti. /l^e^^ttileH^ 
 
 f^M^k mu^ iroN^T "Tidf lAmit Wm^ tmm 
 
 andii|y»eli; awt«i#ife^ 
 
 jf «ie^ IIMII ams^^l^ tlfel*^ 
 
 ciiliin (^1^ wailH ^ t^l of tie dMj^J Mt ItK^ 
 4»I^H^ii^ %hirf^ lioUb 9H^e^ a^^^ ioailv^ 
 
 ms^^m jii^^^o^^^ anrf lately mm^ W 
 
 % streim^ rind tfce i^efni 8tt*tte& ^^ ihi^,' 
 «^roi^ Dtx^^d titfieif, »l* &Afg»t thf$ 
 MiAeSf lltft Kieiiif V^fii^titnet:]^W#i^ 
 
58 
 
 ourrenti} ihf^,«trf|vgUi ^^f the waller wiideibe 
 wil^e«f ail 9p^; many 8|tr^^% jhi <Mir handg. ^li« 
 ste^n ag^in BWBUg rognd: ibe%^wi»j»m« M^ 
 asbovQ. Iljrf OM? Tmn > apd A|< Anm^Jlf aii«rtlie 
 
 ijUg^ist^t our eos^ tbeir k^h fiirei^d the lioaC 
 ac^f tit^ eurfent^^ 
 
 •tea4iy ii» ik» {|p<^t s^aggei. In %.m.oii|eiit,afi 
 i^p>^i tliii'ty fe^ oflTshOirey U.bjMiglHread iiditt^ 
 t^ thiEkpiiri^eQty tui^ed; liQitwe uader* ja t^i^nf 
 ^t iO^I Jbi^^ ^y the fury Mi^ the fltrefm^ jRhe 
 boai ttMettiagy an ei^ves^^ ai^ g»ing i^ioK t)b^ 
 iRaterr fett from .m% ^f Simp|<^l we art; gojiig ti^ 
 ii^fiveii/' My fail wa» heacl^ojremoit. . ^ftmpn 
 
 Snieame after ipier-his heei8> a|t the.dfi^^of 
 Jt^pn fefi^oi^ mi^ wppe npen nirh^^ m4 
 neek.: and those grinding on the graveL We m^m 
 il^ar^ together^ your lither fot-my friendt 
 fi||lo9red»,r jThss art of swimmiag, in/vrliiehi I 
 ihi^iijg^t myf^ira^ adept> ii^as tried, bat i^wa« 
 a ti^y-tiiri^ biisinei^. the foi!e^ w the i^Mitev 
 t|H?ew«.me often Jlie^k^oy^-head*^ ^ 
 ,te^|lepimojrifiii9 voyage^ 1^^ ^w hwar 
 m^^^^i$^ ]8iaip«6ii>^aw at wyMudey Nt Ihei 
 pisf^ ^f thej^r^am, prey^nteA tii^ exertipa^ 
 s|rlpBi^g| yetj^jie iiapatiiosiity of the emrea^ 
 ta^ ni» up^ liAmfi^ as tq^waHl l^e. qther side ^ 
 ^ H^er, agaiast, a h>ng ri^ge orp^pendiei||i^> 
 roehs ojTgi^at extent : Xuekuy ihthe eofirse iȣ 
 f^oiae hundred yards, the eurreat ehangcNd,>.a^ 
 hl^9SbOi^ if cifa^ the ner(h , s^de of %b 
 rii^rvFl^atuiJi along ^Uh my bead ji|st ahoffi 
 waterw-pra^ers^^^^^ 
 
 ajUte9*^d^ ji hoat'a crew of ^e eas^ra men,, hs^n4^ 
 ed me; %|fl^ ft /was griped a« by the liand ^E^ 
 
 slrenpi of water was saeb, that the bo^at w#i|| 
 
dotbe 
 ndOie 
 
 It wm 
 
 ■IS 
 
 iitllwfc 
 
 f 
 
 
 cm ^ 
 
 Hff^aSeii ^ mMf- a livnl ioae ; «eMbiiity. in ---p 
 ]|i«al,46|^^forto«k>mal^^ 1^ 
 
 pi^le^flirl(n9if^c^lli^^ iiM «hestpikliq|?iKr 
 viy^biiiBaiitf lif^stiilfevqfihluar^iHiM/aiijb^ 
 
 0#; JMi^^iMifaale^nfosiigi^ Slnipscmf;irwa4^jiii 
 iNilkdifQiil af lthe/wai0r»flijft$l^^ 
 Infi^g ^Oh ft ^ neitbet wf ut^«'ould^ bave ere|»l; oala 
 ^e rsbiillilo btiye Ibete; diail^ tb|il feciUie assis* 
 ^eaiaf' Bklwir^-^^ancaAiMiigbi? iuiiirMb''im|ii|»^af 
 
 Blflg'^oaiibeioiiE|b|palir|bf t^^^ lie |ii!i|i^^ 
 
 «4^to^riHi ta ^t^f4%^fat tbe Itotaiiidf^me^ !% 
 teeiMi alhusb^r JMbi^aM bat ^iiolp JMii|i|f Ju;if 
 jlbis^;fMiJ pidiliiiiba%idni|^^^a^^ 
 
 jpc^ sft) 0ia8iai%«>lrift*bm^tbft omnj^taaiiiafjlo^n 
 
 o4t for JMxabi oia|]baiMr<wiK«!i^ 
 
 1041^419 fec^aU iietoUbeit wr^lb^c bi bad d«an^ 
 lbb»r#ie ^at^sar bad ^adbe^ td Ibe boat, ^m 
 [^ma tjibe .wa'ImditMiwxjmsible^eaaum.^ 
 Illi^ la 'iniffi>;eaaii^BT« 'P^mk^ bad tlaabt'tm tbt 
 idde «r tba btoi^ vfblcAf^^fdfedro^a^iaaati^eW 
 iMt wopd sane inibiiittBkNiriliad isilbii^ iNf 
 IH^ waa iav»d^' AvH1rlagial^itbaMai«i]liaiiv 'frieads 
 ill * telge ^ pitpm^^^fm^^m^ 
 
#■ 
 
 
 lM«iii«i6M«iiiKf illicit Upm 4mcli> MitOi Mgitou ft a 
 is mmt agreeaUe.* . i MpAwmfiABniB ia ;<fiBlrcMiii| 
 
 imicfiof anyb|NHiiirileciliMlteff> A^ le«tli^ JbraaclMlf 
 
 ty ! pn^HbilMl .« :<li0«ionyn0* ^ Tte Mftai )<if 'pH|ii 
 «» ^DoliiveiilepKi i«K]lickiavi» «Im(^i)ivqA 'M<>^ 
 
 flifwir jliil^Malted mnife «lmf|^ .li»MNitt|^)i!tffinatAff 
 W^f^lti^'^a^ j r It . btoatniB J a )fiyrariU6» idih ;ifei^ 
 Vortnlfrdiualila^tlfieiii pieriiaiHi 4iir «iii(»i»*w* 
 
 iai^^eoiitkli^ fkrii^tldlli^l%f( laugh of ^tink^oW 
 pan|iijRras4ai;aiiiat i|il^:|iiit{;k»1»iikrb^ stokal^ 
 
 wtfled iic^%^h ioioity tf ^or^Jiigr 
 
 laai^i/#ilii n firaadl of {MHiite^oiiid miciibtt^ 
 iintb itcNriNi^ 1^ ttweiii^iiiiltaraiedhfagr tOm 
 
 im^^imlm^^ ivir ioMysafilE^ 
 
 mij«r9#14pan^n^ B& 
 
 4ir£klvdif^j4ie^in^r «fi ^Htm aneifeaad tttiwiB 
 
 iMMteilidii^l Y^i^Hifpoilr fiitlMNi wsis^ffais^jidtal 
 
 nil wemMAn i/0bniiirt oauMiiis tne^^iii theiiifan|i^ 
 
 ttie^ii^ t but iiirtot^atevi||ai«4« 
 

 
 fil 
 
 ./ 
 
 tbe kmlid^i wkhed i» tfniM of tluiir kUIm. 
 VMb Ae iiMhtetiee ormeMi nd filn|pt«n^ ft 
 lifttgite iNTfti iti^HfBk ivilh a r*n^ Oftttdl Wft- 
 ttun Bi^iioUt, «v RnuulBf df^nr eomffttiT; 
 %lio itts HiiMrtibly iiek» Mi teiCiinied In At 
 iMftta Honey ivftt snt ttf tba ^tteidott^ anor^ 
 idcr upon m^ iklAittry dated nt Mm f koe^ Ibv the 
 priee-^twdYe dollaro was aeeefttdt and afikcAr* 
 ivardi irdlifitime^ paid: hMioc&ly* Thisi^iiB 
 wm nk$titp ftbont M haHi: la thm pound, tlia 
 slioofc altatloi«d poalfyf and vTortii abont M shil^ 
 liligi* Jfoeii^BBii^ 1109 no lai^. If erer didf a gnn» 
 ill OS Ua apipearanflfr wa9» ilwot witli^r«aler 
 43erlaia^9 ood nrtiore tii6 ball toniduidy f rom; its 
 9iio» it nraa sore tn kin.^ Tliis ollleTvatian^ trif- 
 ling iu^ it bm^ aeieaiif. oughi to induce govenii- 
 .motii §i admi psoA of tihio mzc^ as t« l^nglli of 
 l^lnrolf J(iif ^m 6f bali filiete are ntnihp irea- 
 M^I)iieiyMiiotbi9 opinion. Weid^paH^dftoni 
 tittft jploreof wltiliqi an|r miiteiiri oooisreenoff, 
 iand iMrenl mjndl^ Ibim 
 
 SiuiieiKbal^ irai^n^e fiAiuof i|n tie won^og 
 of ilye 97i^ of 0<^aber, aoiir &o itrH pond^ at 
 tte Iniad oFtle Mveil 'ilMf Vii*«Mii^ (tHo^ 
 il ia^ nntt prf^aile Ibat an^ if &o itti^r8^ es- 
 oeptiBg on^ ind taken up JKb id^ 4^^^^ 
 were <mr supei^ta in ererjji ni^har^; quilifioil- 
 tioOy^Oiitf ougliit to lead; JHteaidrick% tbottgli 
 the oldes)^ eoniioiBtdonod <Ae0r tf tlie riie eom- 
 jMinieSf was stiit tli<& youngest niati* For ikp 
 sako of.|ibacii 'a^. gora o^er, JNt bad not as- 
 sinited to^ bnt. mmfy aoqui^^fieed^ in Mor^it^s 
 JlKSSttiiiptioB^of tteeonmiftnd of ofu* eorps^ as ^ 
 eister f»t^«ottb Tbose uwn^ fiilio were oIctcv Md 
 toaVe» were Jmst suifli ioilhatbclmlf^ as we weve 
 4>ur8i$lvea: bat a B|^. Bisa^ wha wna blind oC 
 ■im'^p a. Henienaait of Morgan^i^ seeoAed: to 
 
 r 
 
62 
 
 tfahiki that all oUifrs were liiiMrior to those of 
 4he << anoieiltdoHilriknu'' We had a hard idiomif- 
 Ihg^s fiiiUi|^ nh^nedniiQg Qi^ to the Htwiwmif 
 atthehelulofthie«<]ltMl|HllYeiv^ we sfw Heath 
 before us, OfoaerVing to BiippBoiiy **pusk Mm/' 
 we went op wkh mitiehibree ; {KMirBoattt Kir 
 lioriiiff as a slave* to Itbep his flliiee«: ' ^4d and 
 Doughertyi felt mj spiril»' as miMHlBs SimpsoB 
 did. At the liiomentA <if : oiir paMti^ for we 
 went iip on the oatsidi^'((i|liitii; tf ^ the mid- 
 die of the onttentf hlk j^ stwIl^poB whle^ 
 he gave as aili#Ji^^ 
 lake, the boat iiiid0i^ ittijf^'jlttidawto and Infomia- 
 d6n» steelred dlreetl^'for the ipaftsage ti^ the se- 
 cond lake. HniUflii^s! (Morgan's irst lieuten- 
 ant) a bfave and most ftMam liMniy irtrom we 
 Mf^l Mlemed; wai in f| ho&jt f||r%^^^1^ 
 seareliM;^ for apassa]^: 'JSimiNibi)^^ ai-by In- 
 fitaneoi bailed him to coihe oi«f«^IIe answered 
 thene ims no !pit8si^ l)berf5'alliid|iig to this ^nee 
 we steeled for. £ne<mraiin|^ w 
 fH^ idle ditMeptihn lOiil^ft^B j^y undei^ %as 
 m jlsi<^iw^^ 1^ ser- 
 
 ie eo|iktf3| aroiiiid^ ^n a eoai^der- 
 
 thik lasf fi^et, bi^^ lit^flMtoy iso ns lo 
 
 giro to II jgtlfiiig^ ideay thi^ the mouth of 
 the ereeky :^§iikJtiikf^ a nook W Ae lake. Set- 
 ^i^ the log aAoa^kf was e^ the boat 
 
 proeeeded. -vVi''-'*' '^'" 
 
 Oetob€ir 5e& C^inuing i^cUy^^^ 
 lilM$ no oarijriiigt nor nmiidng of tre^s^ th^re 
 llcJit pleiiy of i#iiUei%, the eteiS%waft spent at 
 t|eiiiit of Ihat mottnti^, eall^d the Hetghth. 
 ^buid. Thi^w&sH day d]^ severe labor. The 
 Jia^tion of^e Chatimere, ^61% so fkr |^ 
 letaP Jiiforitt%liQn went; represented to f he eii|%^ 
 
 i ■■■ 
 
 -<, ■ 
 
lose of 
 nlonf- 
 
 Mm/' 
 M kir 
 
 impsoB 
 Rmp wo 
 
 mid- 
 whloh 
 ng ;tlie 
 fomifi- 
 
 thO 86- 
 
 ieiiton- 
 om we 
 liTlefl, 
 by ki- 
 iwered 
 ) j^mee 
 it^go 
 r^ ivas 
 itf ser- 
 
 lio 
 
 uth of 
 
 1 Set- 
 boat 
 
 fw we 
 
 tblsre 
 
 mt at 
 
 Ighth. 
 
 Th 
 
 .?H.:. 
 
 c ■ 
 
 63 
 
 t ■ 
 
 ttinSf Hondrioki and BaiUhf as very datlMf-' 
 oils,. they* to sare their meii* eonoludeil to^ 
 earnr» over the hill> but one- boat for eaeh 
 of their coii^^iiic8« This resolution was eiisU 
 )y aeeomplUhed, Morgan* on- the other handy 
 determfaed to earry overidl his boats. It wouM 
 hive made your heart ache» to view the intoleK 
 aUe labm his fine fellows underwent Some 
 of them* It waa sakb had the flesh worn from 
 theirv sboaldi^rsf oTen to the bone. The men 
 adid it $|?1^ut 1^ this time an imtipathy against 
 wa^^^l aslo^B^et a disoipttoarimi had arisen* 
 : t% .|he d^liowiag di^^ ' (Oetober JPih,) the 
 arpiyy 4^ as was oai^ eotpsr at ieast Hen* 
 
 dIrMrs JSAj^ ^Qiith's* eneamped on the plain* oit 
 t^ biHiift of the Chaadiepeb Monratt aftevwarda 
 
 IOi|fcr|i|i ]iftjMilie«|. 1^ Bene it first beeaine 
 
 geaiii^f >li^Wit» that.Eaos bl^ froai 
 
 the iweliNe|lh|(i|i^^^^ with 600 meny 
 
 a tai^ irto<fli'^iiiprOfi@o^ and liN^^^leioci 
 ehest* l!^ dillm {Our -q^ bwT o|w 
 
 ^i!iiaiim4ef i ewiif^^ pfoe#|ir 
 
 thaipi''reiiirn,v^ IRFe ^Ire ilNittt ia haaidii^ aitfef 
 fipbmiiie feenftJeriif Canada* bat tieM^ that dii^ 
 t^e^ ifaoiw iMt t<^ Kew^ Oiii»f^v{* 
 
 Bio»siwero ii3)mii^fced*> VilSad na aieat of m»r 
 hind* the ilouy^ w4iith ra^^ so Ihr as 1 
 ka^wr Wa^ itiTided fali^ly wm e^^ftify^ among 
 the whole of the tniops* tiie^r^liMsitii shared ^e 
 finU ^ ilpur^p^^m^M:^ Burifig tk#iii|^ jmi4 
 the ensttfng inorning* Cki ^oinr w^t baked^^ 1^ 
 fife eakei per anan* ^^adertlUe Mkes*. ilittie wi^ 
 otliiidiaft breadl ^ 
 
 rtOnlhfi 3etk dT Oetobery^ if^^^ ibrward. <The 
 i|ieiii were told by ^ offioeit<«tiiat order woiiliA 
 %notrbe r^iiired in the roareh^ eaek^one must 
 'ii^t the I^st'fbot ibreiliost'* The first day's 
 
 ^4 
 
64 
 
 naroli wm eloMd hy a charming ikq^ oa Ar- 
 Imneliet. The gentkawn of our matt lay to* 
 (SM^Tf toTorkig (bemtclvett with tho hlMktli 
 of eaoh oae. Afy memory does aot servtf to 
 sayt that aay itir was made by any onei» dariog 
 the niglit. Haifieaiag to ho the first who<awah*> 
 e4» hi the morakgy 4he Maaket was saddoalji 
 thrown from my headf but whaA wajijfe^ ear* 
 IHTisO 40 teik that we had lain aoder aoovtr of 
 at least four iacSies of snow. Wo aearoely hail 
 risOB and had oar kettle on the ilt>e| inrbeii our 
 dniMB#r# (wo bad^ao bugleiy) ^loha 8ha9fci<^ 
 oame sll|phod to our tite, ooaiaialDing/ thiit 
 aU his o(Mi(oa had heoo t toleo, Irotn hm. A 
 moT» wretched %iir6^iyaA se«ms«]y eter hehoidir 
 He was purblind. Thisoifiittiiiotadae, tiMugb 
 ho w»tf my tovfus^an^ and aeqaaiated withlmo 
 froHl in/ earli^M iafaoeyy Was yet nnlilfown^to 
 m» mm this last mareht aseeading the <<.;q^ail» 
 livori^f ooiomoBoed. My station in tliejine 6f 
 marcdkn whioh was lii tho aingleA|ie» (xir indlaay 
 as it was then odlod#) w^ a^xt to this oaptain ; 
 the driiittiaer folhiwcM. Qero It wiis.hls defect 
 of aijrht imt ]iio«t . o&otti(dly sbewHb Smith 
 >i^as jitho0ine. j|||d 4^^ afoot, as^wo all were, 
 (oaoif t poor |lbpkamO ^^ ^^^ eoorso of this 
 iloilsonio anuidii lait^ut a path^ limny deep ra-' 
 Ttaes pn^ntodi m^r theitd Jay many logs^^^ 
 lea perimfs mijyll^ ye$a%^ before. Tlie e$ptaid 
 took >tf|o log* priuMSiig it to a deseeilt of ^ or 
 .a^^ibl^lit^lhognlf^^ at times was 
 
 onlfo idii^ptv < J^oUowiag mo^ Jha^S»r would 
 n'dluentlyy drum and all^ tumblbhoitdlow taito 
 the ol^ss. ^y- Bis inislbrtJihes in l^il woyf^ m;^ 
 was a laughing stocky exeitod dontompt In tho 
 toldlenty bat in mo eompassiin.* Oftesb liere* 
 ^irod my aid. Oa tUs latter oocaition#;our 
 •See Note V. 
 
 A 
 
05 
 
 A 
 
 kettfasy boUiuft a blearjf which vat no other 
 than flour and water, and that without laltf mf 
 BoUoitationg prevailingf the mettgare him a tia 
 oup full of it. He reeeived from me mj third 
 eake. Thisman» blindf ttarTiiigf and almoit 
 naked, here hit drum (wMeh wfw nnharmcid by 
 aP itt jottlingt) tafeljrto <itnelNKb when maqy 
 other lude men died in the wildfi^nest. 
 
 Thit morning, the flrttof NoTember^ break- 
 Ihttlng on ourbleaiy, we took up tllf Une.of 
 march through a flat aiid boffgjr groimii* Aboiit 
 ten o'clock A* M* we arriycd, by a. narrow neck 
 of land at a marth which wat appalling* It wat 
 three fourths of a mile oyer» and leof ered by a 
 ooat of ieci half an inch thick* Hefe Simpson 
 ebnoiiAled to halt a short time for the ttraggkrt 
 or maimed of Hendricks and . SmitVil. compar 
 Dies to come up. Thero were two. w<|men at* 
 taehedito those eompaniefy who arriyed bolbi^ 
 we commenced the march. One wat the wilS^ 
 ^ sei^cant Grier, a lar|;e,vvirtuout and rmi^ 
 pect^e woman. The other wat the jrlfe ^ W 
 private of our c^Mnpai^^ % man wh%l9S|l9d uftr 
 on CYery occasion, ,^^hese women be^o^ifcrrivcS^ 
 it was prcsiimed 1^ |4| onr.> 
 ;We were on the pofn|t m^^Qmhig ^ ; IPiarsk 
 when some .one cried, oat % WftfnfJtUk^t her^*f 
 pother said he bad << sp^t doiftt sic)L finder f^ 
 itree^ a few miles baek.*^ Hit wilTe b^S^^S 9^ 
 to wait a short time» with tears of nation % 
 her eyes, ran back to her hutbAiid* l^e tarricA 
 .an hoar. They came not. .:Eintering;|y^e p^n^y 
 (Simpson foremost,.) and breaking tii|riee.here 
 and there with the Imtsi of 4^or gHi^; and w^tr 
 as occasion required,, we were soon mn^t de^ 
 in the piud and water. As it geiieralij the ein^ 
 Ifkh youths^ it eame to my ]|B^^.thf^| a jiettr]^ 
 
6$ 
 
 KUk miglit bo foand tlittii^itiit^iDf^^ mot^ «K 
 tly fpkl^i Atteivil^tr Vt^tt^ in A ^riee the 
 wat«r ooeling mifwrnfiHt mj^e int^ gtodljr re- 
 turn ittld tll^ ill«« itliF 1^ hM^ be^ 
 
 ibre me* Mf^m^ %aHiiiobk^i ye^ iistoidMi-^ 
 ttd, tttrtiM fiicMl6ilf ^^lhiil'%^ H^ 
 
 llbtbe^ miife^MM #u^ bef6f« 
 
 me to the ilrlii glp^iiid. '!^^^^ id lour il9#h« 'vi^M 
 
 liea iMr belv H^ bttibaMl' f h^ 
 
 ^hkiU miytmeiM^^W^^ ^eikii^ bf the 
 IfO^ef ^tll l^litfimnit ll'Oh^liiii^; AmViitg ttt 
 irm giri^vMl bB4V^aititig bea%:^fbr oHr^am^^^ 
 lllottf7 we'li^ibH <^^^ oif; fitid'iii tt imireh l»f Bi^Ww 
 mitdflf b#er # it)l<iibfe$^lid fllrt>i»lin% nkti^br^iit 
 H t!lv^ fld#kig fH^ the littC liit)o tll0 Gbilfadiei^ 
 
 bif# li^eoliNiiibdilfiilll^^ .if^^ 
 IbVe iWalir tlib ^(i^i^iHii^ >1v^llr^^^^ ^ 
 4ebt>/ ' lb b Mibri titflfr W4tr 4inif «ii aft^i^ fiViH^ 
 
 4ii^v|i!ii«i^tbir«ii^ ^tiUliAciiji^ iibi 
 
 ^Mdr^Mit^i'fbi^^ ITm^^ 
 #ba^' bMdr^^ Ibp^^ 
 
 etf flA: t^ Witliibbiitbv t^ ^M^^K^Ie^ 
 !biiii^b «#:tlid;lMkl^ 
 
 illi<^ Al^ %beibiifiilf ^iUi ti ke<m)^eeii» mbal 
 if tfa«iiiltt3^.^^|<rwa^^^ pei^i^e^o th$i tbb 
 
 aihreiieh tielrmChttiidlcf^ vnmmmt aptlf ft{i|i^ 
 ^ the riveii^ b^w uti Iiilleed e:M7 pait b| til 
 "nvhieb tame bbder «ur ¥ieir> Btt#l #<6 iimiMi 
 %t i\\^ f^flfmh(m^^ In €aiia^ migbt ireHJib 
 termed a 'caldrop-briM^len l^M i» theibtpi^ 
 ef its Freneb name. It la remarkable bf "" 
 ^Htpk^ %iM %b)Ar ^ xxH^ ^iyOnguisbefi it 1 
 
-4k* t '•» '" .'!• 
 
 
 -*r-:- - ■ V. 
 
 t^. 
 
 irk ii eoftlMttett iajj^ irklioat Aiir iqiparon^ 
 
 MM fli# M^ oJ^##ii|| )^^ Vdih 
 
 ttny tel% itosieiBidecl^% b«M^ ft h iibi^ iik€!|jr 
 iiClBd^O-,;'^; '-'v'' -■'^■' 'v'^ '■;:"■•. '^r^.^.^^ .5..; 
 
 ' an' Ife^ ilNvn^tie 4f tlie 4id of X^ieiynlNh^ irl 
 IfOtiiflriblni iklie <ii^ilitfim1«lii, iMid liWilg%d^^^^ 
 lo ml' liWtt^^^fi^ lo^<l(iM(th< What 
 
 ^iitl^^^ii^ i^ fi^tiiieifT^^^^I^^^ oWo appiei- 
 
 ioiiioilft^; :^IMy or^n Aiill^n^s^ ii^ tlMlliro mio- 
 
 fl^^tigMiNSiiliilii 
 
 iiil WiS^ |iiii«t teep Vk sliit^ %rl)l« fA^M^tlit 
 
 ittHi Hicf iy|iM% ^I4i# iH^ttiii^ WNi]^o; 
 
 4iitt«tl 1»Mett liiiist iiWfHt "^i^ ^iisl^ of inMnr 
 ^Of^ %rtlll n ohaBlii, lof^Ardl^tHo^^r^^ 
 1^ to ojKBO for Ilk atffli1sM06# llili fxida^m^ 
 <#|i>iiiiB%i^<^ soiiie <j|oe»#ioii¥ "idikii ^^ nftglvt 
 
 
 
 ^♦fuw *letfi, 1«09. 36hn Mi Tiytef tells inc,tl«ft 
 
68' 
 
 did you not tie the shoe teyiHit focft? If there 
 had been aw)» and threndf and strings at eomi^ 
 mand. whieh thero was noty for the etuftes 
 above stated* one dared not have done either^ 
 as the prohaUe eoqsequenees "would ensneo 
 <^ Death by haOgerr in : a dreai^^ wUderne^s*'' 
 For man when thrown out of soeiety k the most 
 helpless of God's >0reatures. jHenee you may 
 form a ooneeption of the Intolerable labour <ff 
 the mareh. £irery $tep taken the ^eel of the 
 foot slipped oi^of ; the jhoe^ to reeover the por 
 sition of the foot in the shoe* and at the same 
 time to strldOf WaH hard l^ibonr* und ^hausited 
 my strength to an unbenrabie degree. Yon 
 must remember that th)s mareb was not pei^' 
 formed on the l^el eitr&ee of the parade* but 
 0ver precipitous hUls^ deep fillies* and eyejp 
 witliout the. path of the vagi^nt swage to giHde 
 Its* Thus we proeeeded till towards mid-dayt 
 the pale and mea^^ loohe of m;^ eomi^aBlons* 
 tottering on their feeUe llmbs^ eorrespondii^ 
 With my own. My friend Simpson* whoBaw mf 
 ^enfeebled condition and the : eain^* pr4$vailed 
 with the men to reiit? them^vet a few miifiites. 
 Bark* the only sueeedaneumlbr twine* orjeatl^ 
 er^ in this miserable country* was immediately 
 procured and the shoe bonnd^t%htly to the foot* 
 Then niar^hiog hastily* in the oourse of an hour 
 or more* we eame%lthin y^w of a Iremeadoiis 
 cataract in the river* from 12 to^o feet high* 
 The horror this sight gave us* fearing for tl^ 
 safety of our friends in the boats* w^ A^fS*^ 
 vated* when turning the point (^ a steep eragg* 
 we- met those very friends^ haviag^^Mf nil big; 
 iheir lives* sitting around a fire on the shoie* 
 Oh God 1 what' wpte our seosationt i JBoj^ 
 ^^Gleland^ first lieutenant: of; Upnfi4i^)^§^ 0^ 
 
\C 
 
 60 
 
 ftir/wKoM aeMmnMMiiiittoii t)i«4MHrt %aB mort. 
 MietteiilMrly oarried «Jrl»sitK<^'mmHitiil«,r ^ 
 Rfoc at tbe iiW| li«^)|«JKd/U>itt*i^k Ytm 
 wM Hot attiHbto» |i«^i%<«rj^4«4e t^ 
 Ae w«»d>*li« MimvA «tn««V^tf(Mnate« vritt, 
 « VM«ir«H.*^ I»in^<^i <«Im^ t«v«d Min». gai^ 
 t&iialr oT the pfttaifci or fitMl %lkai be iMt 
 
 Citai8e4 f ail I- «mM wm^^ap< ^^Hi^ shait* 
 t iMlatfcholy ttofjr, «f iM^g^l^JtoM, 16 fW 
 w it liM some to «<y toj^kWfej imir 
 tutted h « ft w #<n4s. He HMf »ifetf<l«d ai^lINi 
 
 i'iirad riven** the vMlable weft#»^^ta|i%^ 
 »«eld%dti«ll d^i^mm»Uami■'Vlli^m^»i*^ 
 ^ his fHeivl«. o«iN^ *^i*i| 
 
 uiiiek i^4ii««<i>. mHu,' «»«* <jr !•» jiottiiMift. « 
 «i* ']wa««f'''tlMi ■**':ti*iiii'f¥ti».»i'-'lShtm'iiif 1«« 
 
 una %ati«Mfc burtiMn^ iewitt m i»IM» t#«iM> 
 
 was tfAiiitotliJd,^ tielBW^*>.tlie i^e^w^ 
 w foapdTiitoi! iPia «t^^ e^aiJtli#ilw libWj 
 
 •wITUiMl of wli%t|»<Mk kiNi% ii«tl^«r tVM 
 
 :»i-.i, rj^ 4e«**ddr *l»im«fr I* «W> i^te* 
 
 . thsBi, *H*ft'tli«yi iiad get liMi^ '»l» *•« 
 
 NT ike faltoi aere»l««My<'»««k P"*- 
 
 II wbioh it #iia to eeatrfTMi a« 1o caa«^ 
 
 to lodge. Now tlie ercw, 
 
 dMige^ ^oM-ikeM^ <«nrortiii«W»Mrt. 
 
70 
 
 ,:■> 
 
 tq^ the ji)mnp% where we foand him. a Hfe J^sm^ 
 oif^f^MNi^i^Al^ oiiF own lives* Omiii^ t# i^lQiig 
 siiiHljrilfimliiiif iliie Chliudksiite/ for we fionietlmlE>f 
 ^4 f i9id| : aome^ Bieii> of oltr e«aifi«a»^ wie j^ oli^ 
 fliill04 t«^$»i^iN»iii the file, and witbt^r naiU,^ 
 1|^o|iti|f ibe Mtn4»^ roQt§ whieh they este^N^cl' 
 e«^pMlri{M^0 iitem raw^ even without WikAfi 
 l«Pg* u Ilj|»u|* Wi4 wO(e-b%oBe, a&yoiir IkUM^ 
 ipstvlt^if^ifeiiotbil create g smtle^ to obierye 
 
 tlie wkidillttQ^i^M^r^^k^ X^^^^^ 
 
 m4^imAi0:imi^^ ^fee^bi#wb« 0110 
 ii, eiMM^if^i'oii^tiiNiiiiyi^ 
 
 ]lf») jQj shoehfiViOggiteQ *WI^ a^iif We^e^^ 
 tii > ire*, wh^m were aoiiHS 4^ ^aplc^ tiii^i^ 
 
 ^ rffi^t l%ihiid ^ tlrei^;riit ddwn^iq^i^ 
 
 tlfffiilW^ wat ^iijmt |»at% 1^^ 
 MW*iii^fWi3r> as t©;«^ 4%f^ppte 
 
 ^Hl^tl. rt^ the iiidiifiiii a JM^ |p 
 
 1^ igl^> iii4|l9itA|ii« Ui^imB^m^ h€ ttireii^ 
 |^ed||<^^Q#^ It iq|reaieiiHilll«ri hit li&^^aa 
 
 wmW ham lie^^^ ar^^l^^^iieElf iit<^ r l^ffnp^ 
 
 tfiey ga^e;;i^rll ettp of |b^ bf^th. 4; table 
 ^y^nfdi was atl. that was tasted. rli teid a 
 
 Ipg^mildilMK^r and W9i$ »aiA «o Jiie t|i«i ^M hmk 
 
 t 
 
71 
 
 rve 
 Ibe* 
 
 
 ?W 
 
 
 
 18^ 
 
 n 
 
 i^ 
 
 vU 
 
 Mm 
 
 '.ft*. - 
 
 [■] 
 
 
 . 
 
 Tlii# Wfti^ kstiuMfy kii6Mrii W H i^ fW>M 
 41Ud laste ftiid smell. It was that dFli dQM& tt« 
 Wfti « latte blaek NieiirftHiitiinaid dog, l^lo^ 
 ittg to Thayer^ and very ftiti H^ left these 
 laerry fellows^' fUr tliejr W^ ictuaily sueh^ 
 ^auj|ire all their wants, aad miir^btiM' quiiik- 
 Ij^i i^N^iyi^eteBiiigeacatt^^ 
 fire, hat no food^ To me the woriphyridit 
 m mm^. ^Mm^ iMM dMh hi^<^ been 
 tieedviNl ai im aas^eioiis liM^lidi^o 
 nii^. Mf prli^ilms in c^i^'lifa^ w^i^ iddk 
 us to i^^tidi^ dl^. Wl^oal 
 
 f^idi^ wMhoiil <^«ithiB«f to |iN^ tte #arfi^ 
 oiit »oii#jrf iHid Itt a d^^ iiM^^ 
 the ldeilM%ee«ipred> mi ^^iasmnB vrete in my 
 hattds, lif ciodSte ^a^g^Mim^ lite BoditfaMgod^ 
 imirtiiopMI 0t1ier U^^ yrin^^f ause 
 
 of ehaage (aiMk^ iira( §Niilri% hand iH Pnn^K 
 d^^)^M 11^ i^irtiiiitptil^ Wlur tli^fial liilaH^ 
 ^v^Melii^ f^fvm Atnighl^ Wiii*lBf)%oot 
 liodMit iK^lliRHiifi^ fifl^J^ir eoinpltrfbts jK^ 
 •e# j^^imiiii^^^i^^ thee^tti^ 
 
 pitey; 'he woiM Mtlg^ <^Mit()^f' Us^^^ si«iorfiii 
 ▼<Ai^ ^gaile A(»irit t^^ UcHil^, l»id1iie mok-atth^ 
 M:ii^ 409^1^ mind. In tnim 
 
 thi'liilft^yth^iMiitii^ a^^An^ as thiit oiMs^ 
 d^ liided slp^JB^ i^^^ to I^r^fer^l4 
 
 ^Fhis eteniagr to wai^ Ihat filnie of^i^nr ^tojiaii*. 
 lonsi ttrhoie stooiildlilfaad^tMi^reeeived food, M 
 «tll#> lltot fbrf|.efghi houfii Adopted the noiion, 
 tliat'fcii^e^^ ^tiffih it had ll^^ Hmiiitfaetur«B^ 
 liii^ t»e iB^d^r )^il&«Bhlef^ and w^alt gratt-- 
 f^;^ lili' a^^iltf^ -Ohs^yilkg their disooiirse, tn 
 ^elAte experiment lieeame a matter of euriod- 
 1^ -l^e^ iitashed their m^ekasins of inooie^ 
 ^fi| M^ first plaee, la the rlfer^ wn^^ 
 #^i^the^ ^laad si^i withf gpt^etm^ The«e 
 
 1 
 
f^ 
 
 »^* 
 
 oviHr^ the ll^or ftllo¥» «)ic^)^ t^ lo#A<«^ 
 tfilO^ th^i^ jieuig iin<d|g<qpd» iii(9feiilie49#J^ 
 
 j^ iMi; i^lil^ 4|iui)^,i^^|lil»«gh^|iM|%i^ 5* 1WI% eaten 
 
 ^i £oir tl|& fii?8lr: UH|f)p 4j^ii9Ii» 9mf9 mimwt 
 j^^ was ^ cadi^t. ! It^jtt fnqnlr^iA Aic«l pa^i^ 
 
 —"tWal oiiia(^i»»lroi9^im» noiiofiMiii^liip «|^^ 
 
T3 
 
 '% 
 
 ■.<■ ,*<*:s' 
 
 imB trfUt^TMB to hit touBtiy. How6Ter# tiflMi 
 tkis as tbe wajWard ideas of .a person toli^ 
 esela^^ from a kiio^le<^ of th^ secrelB 6f 
 the eabinet; who was somewhat attentiye to its 
 opra^ationsf so far as newspaper iifforaation ean 
 eludidate* i^ 
 
 ^^We marefaed as hastUy as o«r ir^ari^ 4inil 
 i^ehie Umhs could admitf hoping so<sn to share 
 In something liisi^ aa abjsintan ibast. The ^r- 
 Tatnris of the river, hsid ^eeiVed ns in the eal- 
 eiilatioil of dtstanee* I. wasmiinj hours cnse we 
 earoetothe pla^ of slaughter. Wefounda 
 ^, hut lio j^vkion# e:i^Bept a siiiall q^antit|^ 
 of 0ateii meal/ i^semhUttlr hi gtiV ouf eho^petf 
 rye. SIrapsott ysrinod some of thi8kin^a|eiv 
 and at^ widi goat* To me it was ni«tiM^ 
 this may haiv0 %elHi owjfng to the lunelieiElk l^m 
 BmitJ^'s hoard. i3ie Ffisheh men told ^s^t 
 those who preeeded» had doToiired the v«|^ 
 entrails of the imttlei^ On« of the eastern pe% 
 as we eame to the fire^ was gorginc the Ui$lM 
 of the eolouf half rinsed— half hroued. St 'imi^ 
 he said, he ate wiUi pleasure^ as he tore It ipi 
 a hungry d«^ would tear a hauneh of mea^ IfeT 
 iMm- eiiK^amped tot the nii§^ eheered l|SJ^ J|p 
 h<me' of suepor. ; ,.;;...,.;^,j.- ..,.• ^-v: -.M^-.A. 
 Noveniiber 4th«^ Ah^liit two o^dbek, K m*;l^^ 
 arriviHd at a ^ntge stream eoming from tho 0^f 
 which we ran thvough, though more ^li^a Ini^t 
 deep* This iras the most ehiUing hath we IM 
 hitherto reeeived: the weather was r^w l|^#^^|U(» 
 It was theirthr and the harshest c^ no^ h|mi*i 
 diiys* Within a few hundred yards of tlbef 
 rivery stood the <<£rst house'' in Canada :ipe 
 s^roa^d it in exts^jf sure of befi^^r^^ii^^ 
 jmm 4^th^ hy the means of faminei 
 ^^oiqpatrlots were unaware 0^1 
 
 ■ G ■ '.'J 
 
74 
 
 i»Mt <4: Av9o)4f Willi pmh abk MMwitmU m 
 fo%m ME* T^pr ;«ii4 8»0«)0f luid laM IQ » gr^fU 
 ^oeii 4ijrpvfKfM(MiSf Tb« HIM w^erefiifiiiMb ir<h 
 
 taught me wiadoia. Mjr friendt totk mgr j|Aiiee» 
 But, imtivi^ttMidljBe tip if^efiiigiMe W^ 
 tUe offioerf used )to iBf «f« JiiQdmlidii»> 1^ 1^ 
 were Qutrag^iA ^pwi tb^ ral^il, llNmIMM 
 4$paipFe|ieii9i»iijeCiitti^«e^^ ABttii^Ta* 
 
 IjriKliaiery wl^et (bin my ^ffeetkt ^^^^i^^^ )^^» 
 > I waMie4 Vke.iP9tl|it do1^rBBdp»]^••iblil}e^irtl 
 
 boiled iMid roasted^ yr^9 igojBitifkmiimi wUhniii 
 flUiit. £te MCHoied to d^deaibir^itar 4be si^jhi* 
 j#mc;iiiof pire9eiit c^niti^ i|iiji#ij|tir<i Aa^« 
 alter. Mailer Qftbe siea siefceaed^ It iiat b^kA 
 ip9take% we loiit tl^ree pf imt eomaa^^ 1^^ 
 tbieli? imsriideiioe an tl^s .oacamii* Tae louaar 
 ^la^,ext^9ioaaf the i^n^ %ad* afiar ji 
 l^ji^jr fasti iHlcgrii^tes % mof^ aaMm,^x|bM^i«i 
 tf I tbaa 01^ tatd fdbaepaa a^ aliaiaaii M 
 w^r Ahc tba first ttee« haAtiie ' 
 
 W9 i^W»* J^^9 ^9^^ fiirat ttee, bllA Jtbe ^i^ 
 aaleof seeing the woiihjiLan^ la^UilMt 
 
 lli|t|ayis# and jyv bi^tber Sabatkf witli same 
 
 , _ .af ihair ut^b^ (tba Abeaaqaiai.) lieu 
 tfipi^ Slacje t«^^ nst that whenhe first arrii^» 
 Kaiaiiits eaaia to bim^^^ in an abrnni bat triend* 
 Iir AipiAe and ga^eubim a :eorQial sbahe t|}r 
 Wd JMkiuJt iatijaaatiag a pre(¥iau% iMersomii, fcna w- 
 ledgedfbini* ^han we eamey be approaabeA 
 €unnin|p]iaiD^ Boydf and w^m% aad AiMh bwndf 
 in the juragr af an aid aeqaaintanee. WesJi^fr 
 leam^ili>iahini9 that aa tbE» evening whea^ii^ 
 frf t eneanipid fi^fta"Kead-riTerf'* (S^p^ " 
 
 s: 
 
1- '.m*': 
 
 fcer «9th) in our first Aicendbiif lia l«]f Wilkin 
 ▼lew of onr eampf %nd 90 eonlkiaed d«il|f^ild 
 B^htly to attend oifr voyag^y tfirtfl ^<$ jMtth 
 
 gresenCedy whieh le^ dire«tljr into Canada. IMt 
 e took I to theqoestion/ <^M^y did you not 
 ipeaA: t6 yourfrkndB? Ho readily loiairoredy and 
 truly, <« Tou would liaTd killed inej^ ^fhls wat 
 ino«trlHL^9 as oar prijudiees a|^iiit"lilni kad 
 keen ti^t 8trongl[y ex<^dy and We had no iiinit 
 in diir orders^ srs to tkli ileyoted person. He^ 
 kiabt«tk«riBaliatl8, and seTontel^i other indlansy 
 tke n^ewi and friends of Ntitaiiisy mardied 
 wiHi us to QndbeOl In/HM attadk of tkat lilaooy 
 on tke motmig of tke firtft of Jaiuiary f(^oWliittf 
 Natantsf ttieinTed m musqoet kail tkrougk mis 
 ^n^Bt. Jielndopted a orklrurg^^, wktek s^enti^ 
 extraOr il iwryy at tke timer and quite new, kut 
 wklc^/now BeeaMi to me, to ke tliat of n»tii|e 
 itself* Bo dre# a pledget of linien quite througk 
 tke wbnnib tke ends of wkieh, kung dov^'^n 
 ea^: nMk of tke arm; He was taicen {ir&so^^ 
 knt gen^f«l::€lilieton disoklirged kiii ImitttliiMa 
 ly wilk i^rohg tcdieiis of ooini^ '^t^ 
 
 iV tke Arst Ittstaiioe Iff tke eotirso of ^Msr revi^^ 
 tio^ry wiN of ^^e enqiiloyiaeiit of Itidliuiii:^ 
 aetual wtfi^re s^ost our eiienuei.^ To ki^ si#e 
 It wim liie'iibt of a^ttior oomnivittidl«iv ntii^^M^ 
 ranted, so far as kas come ito iny kiio^lii^ey 
 ky die orders of kis snpeiiorsi yet it iseeiiilt to 
 ovtkotiage^ in a smalt de||ree, upon tkepaiit of 
 our <^ponei^s, tkat korrikle system of s^^gres^ 
 4on, i^ek la a skort time OiM^ an€ aston- 
 IdtM and disgusted tke eltUlzed world. 
 
 lior. 5tk. Hunger, wkick neitker knows go- 
 
 ^roiisanee or restraint, keing now gra^H^, We 
 
 iniiied our aUention towards our ffiertl^i wko 
 
 Mgei« stiSintke wildemoss. 8iH^lin#$iifl]^^ii^ 
 
76 
 
 ^fcir reMlfeQtioii does not sarve' to iay how my 
 friendl^lP^ndriiBkf aad Niehols were employed* 
 butillrit GfiditilDly in doing good*) always aeti?ef 
 procured two youiig IndianSf nephews of Nata- 
 ni0> V Byttet fellows/' (as Simpson ealled them^) 
 to piDeeed on the followine moriiliiig to the great 
 fallrfor the person of the invaluable MK?le« 
 land, : Befbre we started, it gave me pleasure to 
 aee these yoiithsy excited by the reward obtain* 
 od, pushing their bii^eh-bark canoe against the 
 .strict euri^nt ibTlthe river* It seemed like an 
 9gg-shell tobound over the surface of the waves 
 of etery opposing ripple. To end at once this 
 dolorous nart of our story ; the young men» in 
 despite of ovel^ impediment from the, waters, 
 and the solieit^tloils of the starved wanderers 
 lathe rear, for Ibod, hurried on to the fall, and 
 on the evening of the third day, brought our 
 4ying friend to tbe « first house/V The follow- 
 ing qky be died, and his em*p8e received a due 
 respeot from the inhabitants of the vicinage. 
 We were infor'nied of this a month after. T%is 
 real Catholicism towards the remains of one tl^ 
 loved^ made a deep and wide breach upoa" 
 my earSy pr(ju(^ce8> which since th^t period has 
 caused no regret J but has induced a mot^e ex- 
 tended and pitt€>rnal view of mankind> unbound- 
 ed by sect or opinion. 
 
 The morning of ^the dth Nov. we marched in 
 straggling parties, throng a flat and rich couUr 
 try, sprinkled. It might be said, decorated, by 
 many low houses, all white washed, which ap- 
 peared to be the warm abodes of a contented^ 
 pcNople. Every now and then, a ohapel eame in 
 •iglit I but-more frequently the rude» but pious 
 imitations of the sufferings of our Saviour, pnd 
 the image of the "tirgin. These things creited 
 
 V 
 
 
 
 '•$ 
 
77 
 
 •<??;> 
 
 ■■^v',' 
 
 Sttfurizfj at Hmif in my mindjv&r. ivjiive I 
 th^ugl^t there eopild be little other than barbar- 
 il^f wf fiiiiid. eiViiized .meOf in a oomforjtaUa 
 •Utet e^jp^inf all the benefttt arising from the 
 iostitolion'i of c^yii jMieiety. The river, along 
 whkih the f^ ran, in this days maroh, beoame 
 |n tl|<0 mosf {Nirt our guide. It now flowed in a 
 deep and f^lmost sightless eurrentf wherid my 
 opiiortanilliss gave me a view* Our abstemious- 
 ness was still adhered to. About tnoon of the 
 next day, we arrived at the quaoters of Arnold^ 
 a station he had taken for the purpose of halt« 
 ing and embodying the whi^e of our emaeiated 
 and strMH^ng troops* We were now perhiuis 
 lhir<y mUes from point IjBvi | whieh is , on the 
 8t. LawrenjOjB* apd nearly opposite to Quebee, 
 ^om oor me89 had ^* fii#iids at eoart.^ Arnold, 
 slnoQ we|4E(ft tlie >< tweiTe-^milenearrying pl^e/f 
 theiMt ^me, had, deserf^y, tdkea Steele airW 
 guide, into his mess $ and He had become a kintf 
 of aid-de-eaiipip>-— he was, to.say :no moife, a con-* 
 fldentiai mm^ John M* Tkiylor^ kei^i iind. bolA 
 > as an Irish grey-boundt was of oar eiwipiiay» 
 lielng a ready penman imd exeelieat aeeoui^nt : 
 Hl^ was at onee exalted, by the. shrewd and dis* 
 eerning eye i# Arnold, to the«fflees of piiirveyoir 
 and eominissary. We had no disttai^ions of 0& 
 fioe, seansely any of rank, in those^days. Qiir 
 squad, in eonsequenee, eame bold^iH^ tp hi^iid« 
 qiiarters, though w^ eamp not now iiitii their pre*- 
 sence. Steele, who iipras in waiting, pointed to 
 the slaughter-house, a hi|lidr<?d yards distant. 
 'Iliither we went',- determined to indulge. Hero 
 we found ^uc friend Taylor, worried almort to 
 death, in dealing out. the sustenance <^ life to 
 others. WJ|^out hyperbole or eireiMiiloeutioxi, 
 i#^ve tts lil many pounds of beef*«tak^ as we 
 
 G a 
 
 ',-h 
 
n 
 
 A9&& t^ eMVjrw Proct^dliig to the AeiA lunne^ 
 a mile bdoWf voine one of the pmrty %e«fthie 
 eoek. Oood bread Mid potiiteeftf with theiio* 
 eomeftimiieiit of beef itakey prodveeda Mfory 
 ineaL Believing m^'Belf oot of danger from 
 My extrftordinary indulgenee of afpetite* tlie 
 due quantity wai exeeededy and yet» belieire mei 
 it ^as not more than an anehorlte might rell« 
 gionsly take. We eoon beeame fentiUe of thit 
 act of imprndenee. • Tlie mareh of the after- 
 WMMi was a dull ahd heaty one. A l^er atthek* 
 ed mei I beeame, aceording to my fbellngff» tiie 
 most miserable of human beings. Bctermined 
 not to lag behind, my eyes, al times, eonld 
 seareely discern the way> nor my legs do their, 
 office. We did not* march fhr thfi afternoon* 
 in this high hMltode, a winter^s day is very 
 short and fleeting. The evening brought me 
 110 comfbrt, tliou^ we slept wcrndy in a fftfm 
 house. 
 
 November 7lh.-^11ie army im^ termed Into 
 more regfdar and eompaet order. In the mum^ 
 ^ prettv early, we proceeded. Abmit noon 
 1a§ :m8ofder had Inereased so intoleriMy, that I* 
 eo^d wot put a foot forward. SeMtin^ myimlf 
 tipon a log at the way side, the troopt passed on. 
 IW the rear came Am^ on hors^aek. He 
 knew my name and character, and, good natu- 
 reifly,/itK|«lrpd after my health. Bemginlbrm- 
 ed, lie dismounted, ran down to the river side, 
 "^ hti^ted the owner i>f the house, which stood 
 tif^olilA across the water. The good Canwdlany 
 hi hii eanoe, quiekly arrived. Beposiling my gun 
 l^d accoutrements in the hands of one cl* our 
 inehy who attended upon me, and liad been dis- 
 Urmed by losing his ride in some one of the 
 irrfiiddDgs ahove, and Arnold pattifig twi» ^ver 
 
7» 
 
 dollan into n^ limiiAii tlie i^r«tiiiiiKiif MfHei 
 me to Ills hoiiM* OidH^te bed witli « histi ^Stnii 
 upOK met 1 lny oil! this Mid tlie MtoWlifg di^ 
 witkout Utting foiNU TMt #«d %Mfi f*6 Mme 
 of tli« diteAie*' ll« afr^eitor beeAiiM tlie fffr«. 
 
 Tbe iki«»riilng of 4iie ililrd dlQr, f ifMh Mdr^) 
 Ibrouglit IBM lietltli. Tlie«tiftlrefl« er the IwiMei 
 wbe hild been teipy »ttentiii« «nd fci^d, ftftked 
 me to brei&fkst. Tlik ImmMcf* but fenereit 
 meal, eoiiiilited of H bony! of mllfe, for the fftteutt 
 with exeeUent btead. IHie fare of the liiitiiltj 
 was this same breads garlie^ and salt— ^I had ob# 
 ^ervedf Ihat thk Ifras the usual mornlng^s dieti 
 Ibr Hay ki the sto^-room» Where the fiMnHy 
 ate and slept. This Worthy 'family^ was eompos^ 
 ed of seven persons | the parents In the prime 
 of life> and fire charming irM#f eblMren^ all 
 neatly and Warmfy elothed la Woolen^ apparent- 
 ly of their <»wtt manufhotery; Yoam^ht sap^ 
 pose, froqnthe manneref their IWIiig* that these 
 |MMN(ons were poor. Neeaehthllie. They were 
 In good elremnetaiiees. The ir hoitse r harn^ eta^ 
 blingf &e. were warm an# ebtiflbriaMe> and 
 their diet sueh as Is unlfmisjl aiAong Hie Fr<p^ 
 peasantry of CamHkii IPriAhring my two ^dd- 
 lhr« to Ibis holiest man, he rtjeeted them- witk 
 sometyng Hke iMsddnln Mt eennteiiaaee) ^itl^ 
 mating to me that he had raetwly eliteyed the die* 
 tates of religion and humanity. Tears tiled 
 my eyes when I toidi my leave of these aniliihle 
 people. But theyliad Hot even ye^l done eiMmgh 
 Ibr me. The fitther insisted on atlending^^ me 
 to the ferry «dme miles oftwhere the river 
 takes a turn almost due north* to meet the St. 
 Lawrence. Here my wort^ host proeured me 
 a passage wot^/We, ^serving to me my monc^ 
 ini^ be requked before the araiy eoM be 
 
 
. . » '., 
 
 80 
 
 6vertakem Laniliiie on Xhti 1101^ iMnk of the 
 rivefy the wny qould not be nlttglieOf the tiuek 
 of^'tlie army. had Btrongljniiirked the rottte» 
 To me it wob a mopt glopmy and loKtary maroh* 
 Not a soul was. to be se^n ia the. course of ten 
 niiles. Being without arinsy and in an unknown 
 counlryt my inconsequenjBey.and ftitQeness lay 
 heavy On my spirits* |Iere and there was a 
 farm-house^ but the inhahitiiots were either 
 elosely housed or absent from thetr homes. . Af- 
 ternoouf arriving at the quarters of our com- 
 panyy my gun and aoeoutrements were reclaim- 
 ed with ardoury and a solemn resolution iiever 
 to part with them again» unless it hiippened by 
 the compulsion of tne foe. The housCf which 
 the company pospessed» lay some hundreds of 
 
 Saces from headn^uartersf but ivithin viewk 
 f organ's quarters were nearer. Where Hen- 
 dricks made his lodgment is not now reeolleetedf 
 but it was at i|o great distance* 
 
 On the following dayt (Npv. lltli») our guns 
 in ordert a scene openedy. which then and now 
 seems to me to^have exhibited us in <i disrepu- 
 table point of view : it evineedy at leasty the 
 necessity of a staid and sober conduct of the of- 
 icery iis well as a strict subordination and obe- 
 dience of the private. A hurried aiid bolster- 
 jous reporty came ftom head-quarter Sy that the 
 British were landing to our left at a milly about 
 a mile olf. Each one grasped, his arms. Mor- 
 gan and the Indlansy vho lay nearest to the 
 commander's quartersy were foremost. The 
 running was severe. The lagging Indiansy and 
 a variety of fhe :hree ccmpanie^ were inter* 
 mingled. Coming to the brow of the precipicey 
 but still unseeny we perceived a boat landings 
 which came from a frigate laying in the stream9 
 
a mile below. 1ElMi>e«teftine ashore. Ayontll 
 »prung fiN>m it!i 'I^ tideebhiagt the lioatswMil 
 thotigiii it betiMr to obtain a deeper ^ landings 
 plaie* nearer the mlllf and drew off* Morgan^ 
 apprehentire of a dlteovery;' of oor preseneey 
 lired at the boat's ere w. A volley eniued with- 
 out liarBi> prokably beeaa te of the great tpaee 
 between ii8.:.Th^ palled off ehore» until be*- 
 yond tibe range ;of our gttn% leaving the mid* 
 shiplnantooariiierey. The hapless ytt>ath» eon* 
 founded, unknowing « what to do> plunged into 
 the river» hoping to regain his boat. His friends 
 lljringfroRi hlniy^ie waded, he swanii yet eould 
 not reaeh ^te boat. At the distance, perhaps, of 
 one hundred and fifty yards, nothing but his 
 head above water, a «hootbg»niateh took place, 
 and believe me, the balls of Morgan, Simpson, 
 Hunifdireys, and others, played around, and 
 within a few Inches of his head. Even after a 
 lapse of thirty years. It gi? es me pain to reeol* 
 leet, that my gun was dlseharged at him. Sueh, 
 however, was the savage fl&roeity ei^^ndered, 
 in those ungracious times, by a> devolutioii ^* 
 the ministry of the mother-eounti^i ftrom the 
 true line of conduct towards her colonies. .: 
 
 M^KenSie, (the nfime of the young m^n,) see^ 
 ing that his boat's crew had desertedhim, show- 
 ed a desire to surrender, by approaching the 
 shore. The firing ceased. But a still nwre 
 disgusting ocourreiice than tbt) precediog, fid* 
 lowed. The ladr coming towards the shore^ 
 evidently intending to submit, Sabatis, the In^ 
 dian, the brother of Natanis, sprung forward, 
 scalping knife in hand,, seemingly intending^.to 
 end the strife at a single blow. Tho humanitgr 
 of Morgan and Humphreys, towards a^ raeiittmf> 
 bent foe, was excited. One or the other of 
 
 
 
83 
 
 Avm^ U unvi now reoolleeied yuMeb^ ib f artiev- 
 lATr by Itts agility and ainasii^ :powen of bodyr 
 Wftftenabled to preeedetheiiidian% tevseralyards. 
 TUs eontefrt of athletleism waft observed fpom 
 Hie sbore^ wbene we were» with great interest* 
 Morgan brought ^be boy (fbr be was real!/ 
 ««eli») to laiid^ and aft^wards Esteemed faim^ 
 fer be merited Ibe good wtil ot a bero : Wet 
 andbuQgry» we returned to quartersi ^ntiiifng 
 along the i^iMre withr oiir prey^ the Hoater shiop 
 of war» haling warped up for the purpos^^^ pelted 
 ttsall the way wi^ baitand grf^ shot* itwas 
 ao easy nMtt^ to aseend the bsndi^ wbleh was 
 steep and eraggy. Our firlsoner waa prudently. 
 loquadoiiSf mA rerj genteel. He biui left the 
 5lpop> , dT wl^b he was a middyq^anuif upoa 
 oommandy. to proeure spM*s and oars^ wbtdi Jay 
 intheniyL Heiiad omredoiftlie boatti^pro* 
 euro a better lan^i^r wtb^ oar impi^deat lire 
 drove hM people from bini^ He was Ibe brother 
 of ea|itain M<Kensie> 1^ the Pearl frigate»»' In 
 lT7f9 the young M^&ensie was again ^iken. I 
 naw him at Jbaneaster^ ^Pennsylvaniay) aeitre> 
 I^v)elyf and faeetious aaeirer. Baring oiir stay 
 aU^pfinntljeviyColonol Arnold was busily engag* 
 ed. lining now diseovered^ it beeame us to 
 pass the St. Lawrenee as soon as pesuble. The 
 ii^iil diffieulty eonidsted in the procurement of 
 boaita ^r canoes. Those Muds of erafi^ on this 
 
 ert of the riTer» had previous^ to our arrival^ 
 etn seeured by the v%ilance of goyernment» 
 whiefa it Js likely had aome intHnation of an in- 
 road in the direction we eame. , Twenty-live 
 canoeSf cliiefly of birch bark, were with mfli'^ 
 eulty procured. . The command of these was 
 ^eonferred upon lieutenant Steele^ who selected 
 Uie.Jteersmen^ Df whom it name to me. to be 
 
 onesi; 
 in tl 
 
 * 
 
 
93 
 
 <me.: !I1ift|Miiiage,i ifprm MMt be nwle 
 
 in tile flighty Mid tbal la the HMst likiit mumi 
 met^i at a tiaie IIm .tide- nMrved.. : -f 
 
 Between the heuta of i»4nHl «i ^ekek^ en 
 the .night ef Hie l^th of ll«?enher^ the iroopa 
 iwnMMk «n thei heaeh» neB» the n^ ibefbf^ 
 mp^ened , . witiient noke er twalle^ €hieearge 
 was deifaiehedi-ahen a aecinMl^ npon malJng 
 theteaverte n thiiwl timei an a^pident hameneti 
 to n»r friend. Stedtor whiehfon enn senfOMv ere« 
 dit Being at a^eenaideinUedistaneehdmdii^^ 
 biaeanoey I eeuldiMitr at its oeenvring/ehoerre 
 the tninia^ien^ ner^avn In tlt# dMiMv> thongh 
 B^ life wenldhnTebeen wUlliii^yfiiiked fiw hls^ 
 and yel the relatien ef thia faet, is meet nnqnei* 
 tionai^y trne» These fke^^t aaseiv^PaiionB^ 
 may ^l^ar somewhat iiwhwaii^ and toi blav 
 th^detMl of Oils stoiy | hut mup saffsfftags w^re 
 so e&traofdtniury in their klnds> and soag^nm^ 
 ed bjiv ^e^natare of tiie se¥ei>e sevviees we nai. 
 derweht, that now-a-days it wiH ve^ttive a Ihitii 
 almost amroaehiiig to oredvlity» to oMvinee 
 the mind of their* trutli. Steele stoered a^ bireh* 
 hark eanoe^ the weH$h^ and it is likely th^ 
 awkwardness of the men, when ahout theaMi 
 41e of the river^ <iHiieh at thi»f^Keis fidly 
 tiro miles widej) hurst ^le iNinoe* The men 
 who were in it> swam to, or were taken Wf^ hy 
 the oanoes nearest to theau It was oChes^ifae 
 with Steele. He was the last to get to 9^ 0mm 
 under the mani^ement <^ the wor^v Who^eps^ 
 but it was full of men^ There eoirit be no ad«i 
 mittapee. The steersman adrised, and SteeM 
 was Qompelled from neeessity, to throw his arme 
 oTer the stern-^Wheelert seating himsehT o^ 
 them, so as to hold him seeurely, for it #as» 
 bleak and nupblag night Thus, in thie man* 
 
rmes^ 
 
 84 
 
 Ber was this worthy and adrentiirciis officer^ 
 floated to the shore at WolPs eore. 'Here there 
 was an nninhabited house* A fire had been light- 
 ed in itf hy some of our people^ who first land- 
 ed. It became a pole-star to us in tiie rear, we 
 steered for itv Landing abont half an hour af- 
 ter Ste^e» we fbund him at the fire* seemingly 
 chilled. to the heart ; but he was a iman not to 
 he -disospirited by slight iniUiers. Frietion soon 
 Testoreo him to his usual animation. Thempon^ 
 BOW about three o'clock, shone brightiy> iand the 
 tide run out rapidly^ so that the passing of the 
 rest 0f the troopSf about one hnadred and fifty 
 in number} this night, was given up. Thiscir- 
 eumrtance, of the absence of so large a part of 
 our force^ was known but to few. They joined 
 lis on the following night* It had beeii the in- 
 tention of our chief, ta storm the town this 
 night $ but the deflcieninr of our seaMng ladders,^ 
 many of which were lea beyond the river, now 
 repressed that design. 
 
 November i4th. The troops easify ascended 
 the hill^ by a good road eat in it slantii^y. 
 This was not the- case in 1759, when the im- 
 mortal Wolf mounted, here, it was then a steep 
 dei4ivity# enfiladed by a host of savages, but was* 
 surmounted, by the eager and gallant spirit of 
 our nation. 
 
 November 15th. Arriving on the brow of the 
 precipice, we found ourselves on the plains of 
 Abraham, so deservedly famous in story. The 
 moi*ning was cold, and we were thinly clad. 
 'While an adventurous party despatched by Ar- 
 nold, under the command of one of Morgan's 
 lieutenants, were eii^miiiim the walls of the 
 city, we were pacing; ^the JHains to and fro, in 
 silence, to keep ourse^es warm. The winter 
 
%B 
 
 ^•Bimoii keoiinu. Mj^ke ^m% ihm v^emOU 
 fla^ partjr mtvataed, di^^girii was. Mt^nmey Ma* 
 tent l%e partgr fimnd t^ny tldng^ towmrds 
 tdetk^, in n slnte of pertbet quietMgB. Tbk 
 
 iM^weiB^r^ tk» oottBir J mayi have Ibem vtpveMBt^ 
 jbil gioM.^ Not evoD the. «r3fE of .<^Airv«. ipeH/* 
 wao ttttoved, was a part of th^ iPipM;^ /el wo 
 lieard that osty from ^o wi^» even whore wo 
 were; but tbk ia a c^reet Mooy was aoarerto 
 U9 tliaii the Toioes opposite to^ the paptj/^. This 
 was the hmy nomont^^ bat wMh our small and 
 disjointed foroe^ what eoiild be done I There 
 was searoel^ more than three haadred and fifty 
 menj wllinf^ and determined to be sore, biit 
 too. few to assail a fortress^ sueh a» QucOiee is. 
 litka^ had beea known this nighty whkh was 
 endenoed hi a few day« by the fugitives frmii^the 
 eity» ArnoU would most Jtssaredly hare hazard- 
 ed an atlaek. . St. J^ohnfB gale^ whi<^ opens on 
 Atoihaia^ plaias, and is a most impeHamt sta- 
 tion, was unbarred^ nay, unfiiosed: nothing but 
 a single eanoon under the oare of a drowf^ 
 watch 9 was there, as a d^tsnee ; we were not 
 a m^e distant^ and mig^t ha¥e entered unknown, 
 and even unseen. Twese are uncertain opinions^ 
 resting on tiie Yague reports of the momenty 
 which might have heea true,^ or untrue. ]% 
 memory js, however, fresh in the reoidleelioq 
 ef the heart-vbornings tlufi. failure eaiHsed amon^ 
 us. Frqvidt^nee, fiur wise purposes^ would 
 h?»ve it otherwise. Near dayligbj||,> Ire^iring 
 rest and refreshment, the troops iB(i0md4 a mlle^ 
 to a farm'hotise^ of Lieutenant ti^VkirncM* CtM- 
 well's. This wus a great pile of woodv-ii build- 
 lags, wkh num^roas uuthoubes> which test^ed 
 
 I 
 
 ? 
 
the ag;neullttittl spirit. and .tatte of liie owiieif. 
 He^ goo4 MNily was then 8iiu(pJB i^iiebeo. /|?ho9e 
 who ^anie first, fared w^U» and iu luok would 
 ha^e \t9. we were of the number: all within. an^l 
 ndthOut. the house^ became a pre;^. . Advorsi^ 
 ])Ad destroyed in our mindsy every deeorous or 
 ddieate sensation. Guards were statioiiied next 
 thd city: Wrapped in iny blanlcety fearless >^ 
 «Yeots9 casting my person on the flopr of an ele- 
 gant parlour, I slept sweetly and soundbr, tdl 
 two in the afternoon, and then was roused sole- 
 ly by a. cry, that the enemjr was advancing. 
 We flew to arms, and rather in a l|urried map- 
 ner, run towards the city, which was nearly 
 two miles from us. We saw no enemy. It turnea 
 out that a Mr. Ogden, a cadet from Jersey, a 
 large and handsome young man, in favor with 
 Arnold, had been authorized to ]daoe the sentio- 
 els that day. He did pl^oe them, most stupidlr* 
 George Merchant, of Morgan's, aman who would 
 at any time, give him fairplay, liave sold hjs 
 life dearly, he stationed in a thicket, withfin 
 view of the enemy ; at the time of placing biiii, 
 when at his post, he was out of sjght of the gar- 
 rison ; but the mischief was, (though he could 
 not be seen,) he could see no one approach f tie 
 was taken absolutely unaware of danger. A 
 sergeant of the «< seventh," who, from the man- 
 ner of the thing, must have been clever, accom- 
 panied by a few privates, slily eveeping through 
 ihe streets of the suburbs of St. John, and thea 
 under the oover of the bushes, sprung upon ttie 
 devoted Merchant, even before he had time to 
 eoek his rifle. Merchant wabj a tall and hand- 
 some Virginian. In a few da^-s, he, hunting- 
 shirt and all, were sent to England, probably 
 as a finished specimen of the riflemen of the co^ 
 
 4 
 
87 
 
 ^ 
 
 lollies. The goveftinieiii there very lihetsllyi 
 isiejit him hoini Itt'th^ f»(16wlii^ year, '*' 
 
 The eaptlKlre bf ' MiTrehafit ^rieveil us, and 
 brought us witifiiia^fefr hundred yal^s of the ef^ 
 tj^^ ^^ribld hid the hiildness» you nii|»ht saytlii 
 aifdi|e)ty» or siiiT iniore' conNBotly, the fbUy, to 
 fUiiw lis lij^itt Vliili^ iii'lroiit iaitd opposite to 
 llie wall of ^e eity". Ktieiiarapet t^as lined by 
 hundrbdls of gaping citizeits and soldiers, whom 
 our guns eoutd * nM hariii, beeause of the dis- 
 taAce; They gaive tti ^ huz^a ! We retufned it, 
 aadiri^flb^ined r^ebliBSderable tifai^ huzzaing, and 
 Sf^ndlttg ojii^ pdWdet^ agai^^^^^ the waUs, lor we 
 hftrineil tto one. Some Of oiir men to the rights 
 under the eov^r of soiiiething like ancient diteh- 
 esafld hIjUocks, erept forward within two hun- 
 dred ^i^S of the worki^ hiit th<eir firing wa# 
 disregarded by Ihe enemy as fflreieal. Febiger, 
 who wab a retll and W^U instructed soldier, sil<4, 
 engineer, did advanee singly within a hui^li%fl 
 n&ces^ andpei-ed Witit the eye of an fidepn- i^ 
 ing aS" this, as my stadonln the line h;l|lp«^ii 
 to be oh a roouhd, a few feet higher thiiii tVe 
 eommon level of the plain, it was perccip^fble 
 i hiren^^h the einbrasWI^ei that there wiis a vi^st 
 bnstte t^ltMn. Ill seme niiiiiites a tiklrly.sk 
 pounAerWiis let loose upon u«; bat so ill wast the 
 gun p<^ed, that the ball ieil short, or pllssed 
 high over our heads; Another, and another sli^- 
 ee^ed-^tO' these salutes, we gave them alt' w^ 
 e60d, ailotlrar and another huzza. It must be 
 e^fessed^ that this ridiculous affair, gave me a 
 ei^em|itiMe opinion of Arnold. Th|i notion 
 was tif 110 means singular. Morgan,' Feb^i* 
 and oilier otteers, who had seen serriee, dlif 
 not hesitate to speak of it ia that point of vie^. 
 ftowevei^^ Arnold had a vain desire i& gratify. 
 
 i.>^' 
 
's 
 
 u 
 
 of whMli we were then i9iierpal» He wat well 
 known at Quebec. Foniieriv»: 1m ted traded 
 from thii port to tke West ^Indiei^ most par- 
 tieularljr in the artlele ef boreee. tteneet he 
 wa§ deapned by the prln<iipa| pedple. The epi* 
 thet <^Hoi*Hdeekejr/' was fireely and. uaivem* 
 irily heitowed upon himf by the Britisb. HaV* 
 ing new obtained power^ he be^me anxiotft 
 to ittsplay it In the faees of thete^ who had for* 
 merly ^espilwd an^ eopitemned hiifti. The vener* 
 able Cairleton, an Ii^hnaa ef a meet amiable 
 and mild ehanieter» eolen^l Maicleanf a Seetch* 
 mauf old in wai^aiH^ would noty in any afaape^ 
 eommunieate with liim» If Montgomery bad 
 .originally Jkeen our eemmander^^inatter? might 
 have been more eivilly conducted. Thisi parti- 
 eu^iij^ jn rdating a mefit trivial aud disguft* 
 lug oceurrenoey ames from a desire^ to set be* 
 fore you» a eoutionary rule^ which it will be 
 prudent for you to ob8er«:e in yenr hietoHcid 
 readiog. <^ Do not believe an attthor» unlett 
 «f^e story he relates he probable, aeceii^[ianied 
 ^fhy sttoli fireumstanees as might reaaonably 
 ^* HtAend thib^'transaetiony unless )ie iineorrebo- 
 <Vratod by others^ who spealL on'that subject.** 
 Miaoy of our wiaepi men* i^thin "tlio eofonies* 
 wr^te and spoke ef Uiis bntvading^ as a mat- 
 ter 1^ moment, and with much applause. Even 
 some of our liiftorians> (Gordon) liave given 
 it e#l^brity. But^. more «iUy and boasts 
 ful British liistoffan^ (Amweli) says tlter^ Wait 
 a dreadful eamionade^ by which many of the 
 rebels were deptr^iyed. The trai^h is* that this 
 day not a drop of Uofid was siied^ but that ai 
 Governor Caldwell's horned, catt^» hegs and 
 poultryr whieh run f^eatifi^. After this vje^ 
 toiy M h|i9^aapag9 which was beys* piay^ afHi 
 
86 
 
 ie«^ 
 
 I 
 
 pArt«k« of ^6 godfd tlilii|(»^ #^ tliif * WdriM. 
 
 Tk<^ tM^ 4kf, (KiiV. i5tli*) i sedtf^ of a 4if- 
 ftmiit Mtti 0pifAt6f Wkf^ ha <i»fiit6 th^ttnifr 
 <AuMniHer df Arnold. In the irild^^D^M^ tH^ 
 iMil liid bem^ stisM €« a ^ ^ lloti^ Ity IM 
 day. TM9 sdiiify ii§I<l#ail«e of -flnttl^ hM hti^ 
 <NNiii*aed ifiHse ire had! eoittie I0I6 Otis vMttM^ 
 oooatvy^ Morgan^ HeadriefciaBd 8itfHb| watt- 
 ed iQioa dto* Maidiaador la ehief, to reprea^al 
 th^ gHoraaed fOid ofetaiti redrmlt^ AlteMitioi 
 attd Watfm laagiMig^ took jdHeow Hoikbi wItS 
 Ms iHMittI lo^^Mtyf toid ttf, tliat Motean seem* 
 ^ at oaethrto/ apon tlie jNAit of stnklBg Ai^ 
 tfoM. Wo ftfed the bettor fo^ tbit iatorvioV. 
 
 Oa tbe IbMo wing day, (l9ot, 16tb,) the tiife^ 
 compai^s ^aiorod faraior from tbo eity^*: 
 About balf a flvlie flNi^m Cidd well's boaooi ott!^ 
 e<^ni|ian;f pbtalaed eSLcoBetit qaartersi^ ia ^ 
 bouse of a Fi^eracii geatleiaaai wbo seieaiimi 
 Wealil;f. He was pleasiag ia bis milDaersy |gi 
 I9ie mdiaaess our uagoTernable meir esbibif^ 
 ereated i» bin aa apparent disgast towarih aib 
 Hero we reK^iiod near a week. Baring fbat 
 fnae» we ImmI eonetaal and severe duty to per^ 
 Ibrm. l^liero was a l^nrap bailding oa tbe io# 
 groundisy near tbe river St. Cbarles, wbieb wal 
 oeei^ied hy a most re^>eetable soeietj of hidiei 
 asanttuaefj. In the front of tbfs bouse, 9^ 
 llie dhtanee of fifty ytirds^ fbere was a spaetoa# 
 fog bfiildiDg» whiefi seemed to be a sehoot-bouse^ 
 Oeenpled l^ the priesthood attendant on the nun-^ 
 aery. This house we took possession of/ as a^ 
 guard-bouse^ imder an idea, as H stood direetry 
 between tbe town and the nunnery, which contain* 
 ed soro^ pi^ei^iii deposits^ that tbey bad not bad 
 
 - -»^ 
 
9d 
 
 iUt^tio, rem^Vfy tbat the eu^mj w<hiM not fira 
 in Ihii Aifoelipn. The eoi||eetiire wai juvt. 
 
 Not. i6tkf^In the afternoon n distr^ssinf^ qo- 
 o^irrenflie took plaee lieref npiwithitnnding. our 
 yfcii^jity to this holy p|ace» Toirardi the eVeiir 
 ing t^ ffiiard wu relieved. IJeut. 8impto» 
 Oommiinaed it. Thit Kuard was eoniposed (if 
 two-and^fwent^ line feHows/i|)f pur eooiiKiny. 
 "Vfli^n . tW relief-goard eamei ^ Fr^M^.mfui^ of 
 H most villainouf mifwarftiiee, both at to pei'son 
 and vi$ag^f came to our tieiitenant^ witb P writ- 
 tten ovdSp from eoUonel Arnold, pompimidlnf 
 liim to. aeobmpanir the beai^erf who wpul4 he 
 piir guidjia^rf^ii die river St. ChaVlesy to ohtain 
 flome t^attle feeding heyond itf on the aeeon.nt of 
 
 foverim^nt. The order, in the trst instpupee, 
 eeauae of itfi preposterousneM, wa» douhted, 
 l^ut, upon a little reflection, obeyed. Knpwing 
 ii^ dang^ir, our worthy lieutenant also knew, 
 ]p^p be»i and only means of eieeuting the enterr 
 3MPize. 'JPhe call ^ coine on ladi^*' ^as. iitteHd* 
 e rah ;with speed n*om the gu^rd-hpuae somp 
 tndredii 5^ yards, over the jplaip tp i^ mpath 
 ft the 8|t. ChaHes, wherp the f^ri^ is. jlear 
 Ihe ferry there was a largo windriniilf ai|d,near 
 ^ stiood a pmall ' house resembling a : €ppper*f 
 •hop. Two Parts of a If rge sixcf were passing 
 
 the ierry heavily ^A^^o ^^^^ the hoitshokl- stuff, 
 and women and children of tli^ townsmen flyjtig 
 from the sufaurli^s of St. Boqne, contiguous to 
 palace-gate, tP avoid the terrible and fatal ef<' 
 fects of war. The earts were already in a large 
 scow, or flat-'hottomed boat, and the ferrymen^ 
 seeing us coming, were tugging bai'd at thpj^i** 
 ry-rope, toget off the boat, which was agrciiiod, 
 before we should arrive. It was no sniw mat- 
 ter^ in exertion^ to ou^Oi People of our agility. 
 
'-..^ 
 
 BimpsMif Willi hit iis«»l gmid liiinMiir». vrged 
 the nieey fmm a h«H>b that tlie |(ftrrUon wpuM 
 not Are upoli utf mrtieii in the boat with their 
 fljriiig towntiiieo. Hie weight of our boidlet 
 aM urnif poi the iioiit amuBd. in good eariieBt. 
 Simptoii.Toeiferouoljr urging the men to ft^e the 
 |boat» directing them to plaee their.gttnB in my 
 armtf ttanding im the bow. He orih^red me to 
 watch tbe tattles of the eannon'i^ of the elty 
 near pafi^ie gate. Jumping, ioto the water mid« 
 4i»e|ii all but. tergeaat Di^Lon and mjself> they 
 wera pusl^ingf puHiagf and with hand^pilies at? 
 tempting to float the: scow. One of the eartt 
 |itoo4 between Dixon and myself— h0 wfU tug. 
 ging at the ferry rope. Preiiently «* a shot/* 
 was ealiedy it went wide of the boaty its marli. 
 The exertions of the party were redoubled. 
 Keeping an eye upon the town* tlie son about 
 pettinsy in a clear b1^» the iiiew was heautifiil 
 indeedf but somei^bat . terriHe. Battlement!^ 
 
 Iilie these had been, upkliown to me. Our boat 
 ay 1^9 .a roek in the water^ and was a target 
 at point lilaiik sbotr about three-folirtli9 of a 
 mile from palace gate» which issuer into. SA^ 
 Roqne. 1 woujd have adored all the saintftin 
 the ILalendar* jf honor and their worsMps 
 would have |ierini(ted the transpoi^ation of my 
 persona fibw perches from the spot wher^itttten 
 stood) by the austere ooniHiand of dnty. It Wlis 
 plainly observable that many persmis w^ En- 
 gaged in preparing the guns for another dis^ 
 
 ^ • This was a ridiculous practice, universally adopted 
 in the camp near Boston, and was now pursued at this 
 place. It is merely designative of the raw soldier* 
 Suckiiidlcations of fear should now-a-days be severely 
 reprinj^nded. , 
 
 
 ■J * ,^^,.?f % _h^'» ■"•*. 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 // 
 
 '^ A. 
 
 ^ «*r^ 
 
 
 <" 
 
 1.0 
 
 ^U&K& 
 
 
 V Ui 12.2 
 
 I.I 
 
 1*^ 1^ 
 
 
 IJil 
 
 ||l.25 
 
 1= ii^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 //a 
 
 ^ 
 
 
 
 ^*^v 
 
 •^ 
 
 *• 
 
 Photogr^hic 
 
 Scmces 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WliST MAIN STRKT 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716) •72-4503 
 
 
/. 
 
 r^ 
 
 
 y. 
 
 ^ ^^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 
 (A 
 
 % 
 
 <" 
 
 =1 
 
 »"Q 
 
 '^.•^ 
 
 ^.<^ 
 
# 
 
 92 
 
 ohsirge.. Oar bi^Kve umi were sAmtiiief ernef 
 neffif t» obtoin tmma%^ ** A t^t/* Was ail 
 tfaftt odiild be Md(t tr kwa a tMrly-six ^Uttd ball, 
 touehinif tfce io#er>(%e of the tuA af tbe i^f i- 
 wh^dti diMmMnafmmti^ t4ak i^ Itg of my 
 patHotiSD fviend beto^ tbe knecr and ^^riei 
 away the bonet ^ that ^art aotirely. <« Ob ! 
 8tm|^on/' he eried, « I wi gotti^r^ Simpsof^ 
 whose leitft wai tenilei» and kkid^ l^^ped idle 
 the boat : eaflii^ to the ifieiH the ^rsoa of 
 Dixon wa^borae to the whidifdil. Ifow a tptut 
 of triamfiii was heal^ from th^ elly^ aoeor^a- 
 filed by some tolerably w«ll direeted shots. Th^ 
 vafoftiinate wa» bome ata slow aitft ddearm paee» 
 to the gaard'hoiise, the eneiiijr, eveinr new and 
 thee, aeadUig tts^ his majesfty V eomplvmeiitsy ia 
 the shafie of a 3% or SO ^and b^. Wheo the 
 ]H*oeessieB eaiao Ivtul a line with the towa> the 
 guard-heuM aiid naitiiery^ the firing eeasefd* 
 At thetliae vf were moiitbtti^ly engaged with 
 Bixoay at ^t wkidiii&ll/ the vile Wtttie^mli 
 i^ftit and iiOTtor tti^keff, ^ed fc^ili u9 to t^ 
 eity. £P hW dooertioa h&d heea a^eed in tlmei 
 hift fate had heea^ sealed^ bat the yasc^ wp nn* 
 ebser? ed ti^ he had rmi stveral hondred^ yai^» 
 aleag the beaeh of the bay of St.^ Cbarlesb He 
 turned oat to be a s^* purj^sely sent by go^*^ 
 eramenl to deeoy aad #aii^[i 11% and he siieeeed* 
 ed bat too easily wkh the flgifanf Arnold; 
 M&oa W9§ mm catvied oa a Ikter to the hoasi 
 ef aa £a|^kk^genillemaat about ajnile offi AM 
 amputation took plaee^a tetanus foUowedt 
 Wbich^ about 9 o'olook of the eauiing day, ead| 
 ed m the disaoltttioB of this honorable eitizeil 
 and soldier. There are maay reasons for de« 
 tailing tills .iJTdr so minutely to you* Among, 
 these are^ to Impress upon your miade aii hi^ 
 
 one 
 
# 
 
 93. 
 
 6t* the manners and spirit of those times : oav 
 means and rude methods of warfare : but more 
 partieularl;)r for the purpose of introduoing to 
 your observation an anecdote of Dixon^ whieh 
 is ebaraeteristie of the ideas and feelings then 
 enterttuned bj the generality of his eountiymen. 
 Before we kfl our native homes^ tea had, as it 
 vrere, become an abominatiosi en^n to the ladies* 
 The taxation of it 'by the -pariiament f^ Mtt^ 
 gland, with design to draw from us a trifling 
 revenuey wfts^ made the pretenee with the great 
 body of the people^ for our opposition to gov* 
 emment. The true ground, however, with the 
 politically wise, was, that that law annihilated 
 our rights as Englishmen* It is an axiom of 
 the common law of our glorious ancestors, that 
 taxation and. represl^tation must go hatid in 
 hand. This rule was. now violated* Henee it 
 was, that no one male or female, knowing their 
 rights, if possessed of the least spark of pi^- 
 riotism, would deign to taste of that delig^i^ul 
 leverage. The l^y of the hoitse, tho«|pijiot 
 one who a^roved of our principles of aeiioa, 
 was very litteative to oui*. wounded coinpanion : 
 she prc^^ntied him a bowl cif tea ; <^ No widam," 
 said he, << it is the ruin of niy eoHntr^/^ 
 
 lettering this noble senliinient, (Novr if th,y 
 this invaluable citizen died^^siacerelyiameofted 
 by evei*y one who had the o^pportunity of knOwi 
 mg his virtues. Dixon waf a gentletnan of goal 
 property and eduoationf though no more than 
 the fii^st sergeant of our company. His estate 
 lay in W. Hanover township, m the county of 
 lianoaster, (now in Dauphin.) Mewasanagri* 
 oalttiralist, whiehy in the vagueness and uncer* 
 UAniy of our kmguage, is called «< a farmer.'^ 
 la Ibct lie was a freeholder, the poaseaior of an 
 
% 
 
 94 
 
 excellent tract of land, aeeoinpanied by all 
 those agreeables ivliieh render the cultivator of 
 the earthy in P^nnsylvaniay the most independent^ 
 andy ivith prud^dnt eeonomyy the most happy of 
 humaft beings. The following moniingy* Simp- 
 son was the -first to give me an aecouht of Bixon's 
 deathy which affected us much, his corpse re- 
 ceived the usual military honors. Duty com- 
 pelled my absence elsewliiere. The blood of 
 pixon was the first oblation m^de upon the altar 
 of Liberty at Quebec, and Merchant was the 
 first prisoner. The latter was a brave and de- 
 termined soldier, fitted for subordinate station ; 
 the former was intuitively a captain. The city 
 and vteinity occupied tht attention of the coiil- 
 roander n^rly a week. 
 
 Nov. 18th.^-^ot being ftilly in the secret, it 
 does not become me to recount the causes of our 
 retreat^ to Point Aux TremWe- We did howe- 
 ver make this retrograde ijnovementtf rather In a 
 slovenly styles aceompanied, pr0b^ly> by the 
 maledioUons of the clergy and nobility, but at- 
 tended by the regrets of a host of well- wishers 
 among the peasantry. Point Aux Tremble is 
 at the distance of twenty, or tiiore, miles from 
 i^uebee. The route thither, though in a severe 
 wioter, was interesting. The woodl^were lei^f- 
 less, except as to those trees of t^ fir-kind; 
 but numerous neat and Uandsomely situated 
 farm-houses, and many beautiful landscapes 
 were presented, and enlivened our mareli altmg 
 this majestie sti*eam. At Detroit, which is 
 8it|^osed to be little short of nine bundled miles 
 from Quebec : — even there, it is no eontempti'' 
 ble river, but here the immense volume of it» 
 waters, strikes the mind of the stranger wkli 
 aitODhhment und rapture. Our Susquehaitoa/ 
 
 *• 
 
95 
 
 ivhichf firom its , grandeur^ attr^ets the Euro* 
 peaneye, stands in a low grade ^vLen compared 
 Kvith the. St, Lawrence. Ascending the river at 
 a distance of ten or fifteen miles^ we observed 
 the rapid passage, down stream; of a boat, and 
 soon afterwards of a ship, one or other. of which 
 contained the person of Bir Guy Carleton,. 
 That it, was the gpyernor of the province, flying 
 from Montgomery, who had by this time pap- . 
 tured Montreal, we were informed by a special 
 kind of messenger, which was no other than 
 the report of the cannon, by way of feu^de-joye, 
 upon his arrival at the capital. Water, in re- 
 gard to the communication of sound, is nearly 
 as good a conduetojras metals are, for the trane > 
 mission of the electric fluid. Though near to 
 the place of our df^stination, we eould mark 
 with precision the re^jrt of every gun. Point 
 Aux Tremble, at this^time, had assumed f he 
 appear$^>k06 of a straggling village. ' There was 
 a spacious chapie}!, where the ceremonies of the 
 Roman-Catholic religion were performed, with 
 a pomp not seen in our chiirehes, but by a fer^ 
 vency and zeal apparently very pious, which be- 
 came a severe and additional stroke at early 
 prejudices. Quarters were obtained in the vil- 
 lage and farm houses^ dispersed over a spac^ c^ 
 some miles, np and down the river. We enjoy- 
 ed as much comfort as tight houses, warm fires, 
 and our scantiness of clothing would admit. 
 Provisions were in plenty, and particularly beef, 
 which, though small in bulk, was of an excel- 
 lent flavour. Being in a few days, as it were^ 
 domesticated in a respectable farmer's house, 
 we now had leisure to observe the economy of 
 the, family. Every crevice through which cold 
 air eottld penetrate^ was carefully pasted with 
 
/■ 
 
 / 
 
 96 
 
 strifiB of fKptv of every oolonr. To permit the 
 iTfldd ^ tp intFude is not the only evil whieh re«> 
 sttlts ^ but the snfu&llefit iiiteretiee with the aiPf 
 alto admits an. almost impalpaUe sdow» whiek 
 is very inconv^nieatf partieularly at nighty intheD 
 the ^inds bltkw moat sharply. A stave of iron 
 stood a small spaee from the wall of the kitekea 
 ^iii^aey^ hut in suoh a way thi^t it might be eo^ 
 eqiiiqiassed by the fitmily or the guests. This 
 stove was kej^ eoatinually hot, both by day and 
 Igr night. Over the stove th^ir is a raek so eon^ 
 strutted a3 to serve ff»p the drykig of wet clothes^ 
 mockasins^ ^. &e. When these people slangh-r 
 tep their beasta for winter use^ they out up the 
 mmi. into am^ll pieees^ such as a half poiindy 
 two pouni;^ &c. according to the number of the 
 family, in the evening hefiire bedtime^ ^e fe-f 
 malef of the house, prepane the dinner of the 
 fallowing day* It may be particultirly described^ 
 at Ul was done in our view for a number of dnys 
 toge^r» and during the time m%& never varied. 
 This V^aft the manner : A pieee of pork or heef» 
 or a portipn of eaeh kind# together with a suffin 
 oieney ofe^hagey potatoes and turnips^ tcasAUf^ 
 i|d with saltp and an adequate quantity of w«ter# 
 were put into a neat tin kettle with a elose lidv 
 The keltley thus repJenished, was placed on tha 
 stove in the ireom where we all slept| and tliere 
 U »imm.€j9e4 iUl the tiujie of rtsing, when it was 
 taken to a sma)! ii^e in the kitehent where a 
 stewing 0Q0tlnee4 tiU near noon, when they dl- 
 ned. The eontentg were teemed into a large 
 tiatow. Each person had a plate — no knife was 
 usedf except one to cut the bread, but a five er 
 six pronged fork answered the purposes of a 
 spoon^ The c^eat required no cutting, as it was 
 reduced to |i musilage, or ^t least to shreda. 
 
 I 
 
97 
 
 ttkc 
 
 ! aip» 
 rhiek 
 iirhen 
 iron 
 bdiea 
 « en*- 
 This 
 ^ and 
 
 noiindf 
 if the 
 he f e-> 
 [|f the 
 ^ifaed» 
 f dnjs 
 
 rliee& 
 isufUn 
 
 wfiiter* 
 sye lid/ 
 onthA 
 
 it vftfft 
 l^re n 
 key dl- 
 
 large 
 fe ^vas 
 five €P 
 I of a 
 U /was 
 ihtcda« 
 
 'vThls^ you may 8ay» is trifling information^ and 
 unworthy of your notice ; according to my mind^ 
 it is important in all of us^ to know the hahits, 
 manners^ and means of existence of that class 
 of soeiety, which, in all nations, composes the 
 bulk and strength of the body politic. Our 
 dinner followed in a few hours. The manner of 
 our cookery excited astonishment in our hosts. 
 
 • As much beef was consumed at a single meal, as 
 ^ would have served this family for a week. Re- 
 member, however, that the mess consisted of 
 
 , persons who were entitled to double and treble 
 rations. Two rosy-cheeked daughters of the 
 house, soon contrived the means and obtained 
 th^ surplus. This circumstancef most probably, 
 made us agreeable to the family, for we had 
 nothing else to bestow. The snow had now fal- 
 
 * len in abundance, and enlivened the country. 
 Sleighsand sleds were passing ineve]*y direction. 
 The farmers began to supjrfy themselves with a 
 full stock of wiuter^s fuel from the forest. No 
 fowls were visible about tb^ house— a few were 
 kept aHve for breeding in the ensuing summer, in 
 
 ra close and warm coop in the upper-story 4)f the 
 .barn. The rest of the fowls, intended for the 
 market or winter's use, had been slaughtered, 
 early in autumn, at setting in of the frost, and 
 were hung up in the feathers in the garret. 
 Thence they were taken as wanted. Towards 
 •march they become unsavoury, but in no way 
 tainted. We became acquainted with this kind 
 of economy^ but upon a much larger scale af- 
 terwards, when in a state of affliction and sor-» 
 row. The roads in this part of Canada are kept 
 In excellent order. The corvee of European 
 France is maintained by the government in fidl 
 effect, as to its principles, but far less rigid in 
 
m 
 
 
 
 itfi pra^ioe* The l^oads in low grouni]«, vretHb 
 ditchetl^n the sides «nd curved towards the cen- 
 ^i^. £v^ry forty or fifty yards on each side of the 
 rotidf throughout the t^xtent of it, younj^ pines 
 Were stuck in the .grotindy to mark the eenttal 
 andsai^stpassage^ ItisalaWf that the laadb^oid- 
 
 CVf whenever a snow fatls, whether hy day or 
 ight* whea it eeasesy shall with his horses and 
 eafioley retrace the ready formed on the preced- 
 ing snowy throughout the «%tent of his gi^ounds. 
 This is a laborious duty^ liut k was discernible^ 
 Ihat it was ^performed with pNunetualttyy if not 
 pleasure* In December^ January, and February^ 
 when the snow lays from three to fVve teet deep 
 over the surface, there is no travelling in this 
 country, but by ways thus formed, or upon snow 
 shoes. 5 > 
 
 On the iirst of December, general Mdntgo- 
 mec"^, who was anxiously expected, arrived* Ar- 
 nold's corps, was.pat'aded in the front of the cha- 
 pel. It was lowring attd cold, but the appiear- 
 anee of the genet*al here, gave lis warmth and 
 animatiott^ Me was well limbed, tall«od hand- 
 some, though hi» face was much pQi»k*^marhed. 
 HisHirand manner^ designaited the reaLiMldier« 
 He made us a sholrt, but energetic amlSlegant 
 apeech, the blirthen of which, was an applause 
 of our spirit iin pussing the wilderness; a hope, 
 Dur pe^everanee in that spirit weuld continue ; 
 and a profiihe of warm clothing; the latter 
 vtm a most cohifortable assurance. A. lelv huz- 
 s^as from our freezing bodies, were returned 
 lo this address of the gallant hero. Now new 
 lif<^ was ikifu sell into the whole of the eorps# t 
 The next diay (December 2d^) we retraced tte 
 route from Quebec. A snow had fallen tering 
 the n%ht, and ccmtinued falling. To mareh odt 
 Uliis snow, was a most fatiguing business. By 
 
99 
 
 »■* 
 
 ihh iime» we liad gener^ly fttrDisliQd ourselves 
 with sealskin moekasinsf whleh are large, i^ail 
 aocordiiig to the usage of ike country, stuffed 
 with haj or leaves, to keep the feet dry and 
 warfiii. Every step taken in the dry snow, the 
 ittockasih having no raised heel to support the 
 positioB of the foot, it slipped back^ and thiy|| 
 produced great weariness. On this march th7 
 use of the snow-shoe was very obvious^ but we 
 were destitute of that artiele. The evening 
 bvought up the riflemen at an extensive house, 
 in the parish of St. Foix, about three miles 
 from Quebec. Jt was inhabited by tenants. >Ve 
 took posses^^a of a (ront parlour on the left, 
 Morgan^ one iipon: the right, Hendricks, aback 
 apartmeMf aafttii^e spldlery in the upper parts 
 of the house^ ami JK>me warm out-buildings. 
 
 The next ^}/^y (Qeeember Sd,) Morgan aot 
 finding himself comfortable, moved a sh^rt space 
 nearer to the city. Here^ in low and pretty eoun* 
 try hou^ts> he ami his men, were neatly accom- 
 modated^. It, seemed to me, that the Canadians, 
 in the ^i^ifiage df Quebecr lived as eomibrtably, 
 i«i ^enH^pA^ H9 th0 generality of th^^ Pennsylva* 
 liians ^M^» at that time, in the county of Laa^ 
 oaster* It may readily occurs to yoii, that soitte 
 restrictiott ought to cramp this latitude of ex^ 
 pression f ta^e it> however, as a description 
 of our sensations^ entertained in our minds by 
 tjie convei^enees we BOW enjoyed, ^ opfKif Itioa 
 t^-ouf late, privations. We had just arnl^d from 
 a. ireary and inhospitable wild, half- starved and 
 lUnly elolhed, iii a land of plenty^ where wo 
 Isad full rations and warm quarters^ coasp4uettt<^: 
 lyv our present feelings contrasted witb fii^hielr ; 
 iNHperiags, might have appreciated in tiDl#)llj|ll^ 
 i^^gree^ the happuiesa of ilt^ Cana«|iai^^inkair 
 
100 
 
 is now 8ai<lf ought not to be taken in anywise^ 
 as an allusion to the political rights, but be con- 
 fined solely to the apparent prosperity and eco* 
 Domy of families^ 
 
 Becember 12th. Wo remained about ten days 
 at these quarters. The tours ot'duty, to Arnold's 
 ^rty, were peculiarly severe. The officers 
 and men, still wore nothing else, than tSie re- 
 mains of the summer clothing, which being oi» 
 their back, had escaped destruction in the dis- 
 asters of the wilderness. The snow lay three 
 feet deep over the face of the whole country, 
 and there was an addition to it almost daily. 
 Many impediments occurred, to delay the trans- 
 IM>rtatlon of the clothing, which general Mont- 
 gomery had procured for us at Montreal. Our 
 miserable state, contrary to our principles, ex- 
 cited an illicit desire, to be apparrelled more 
 comfortably. This desire would probably have 
 lain dormant, but for a scoundrel Canadian, ' 
 who in all likelihood, was an enemy of lieuten- 
 ant Governor Croroie's. One morning hating 
 returned from a cold night's duty, near palace- 
 gate, the fellow addressed Simpson, who was 
 the only officer in quarters, and commniiieated 
 the information: << That about two miles up 
 « the St. Lawrence, lay a country seat of Go- 
 <# vernor Crom.ie's, stocked with many things 
 <^ we wanted, and he would be our guide.'' Ca^ 
 riole's were immediately procured* The house, 
 a neat box, was romantically situated on the 
 steep bank of the river, not Very distant froni a 
 chapel. Tiiough in the midst of winter, the^ 
 spot displayed the elegant taste and abundant 
 wealth of the owner. It must be a most delight^ 
 fui summer residence, in the montlis of July 
 and August, whim the heat of this northern eli- 
 
.101 
 
 
 mate* seema gpreater to sentationf than ttiat of 
 our oountry» in the same season. The houses 
 inras elosed; knocking, the hall-door ^m opened 
 to us by an Irishworiianf who, of the fair seXf 
 v:«s the largest and most brawny, that ever 
 came under my notiee. She was tiie stewardesr 
 of the house. Our questions were answered 
 with an apparent affkhility and fhlnknoss. She 
 introduced us into the kitehen,, a lar^ apart-< 
 ment, well filled with those articles, which good- 
 livers think necessary, to the happy enjoyment 
 of life. Here we observed, five or six Canadfa» 
 servants, huddled into a corner of the kitchen^ 
 trembling with fear.. Our prying eyes, soov 
 discovered a trap-door leading into the cellar^ 
 In the country houses of Canada, because of 
 the frigidity of the climate, the cellars are usu- 
 ally under a warm room, and are principally 
 intended, for the preservation of vegetables* 
 The^ cavity in this instance, aboundea with a 
 great variety of eatables, of which, we were 
 not in the immediate want.. The men entered 
 it— Firkin, after firkin of butterf lard, tallowy 
 beef, poirk, fresh and salt-— all became a prey^i^ 
 K^hile the men were rummaging belowr the 
 lieutenant descended to cause more despateh; 
 My duty was to remain at the end of the trap* - 
 door, with my back to the wall, and rifie cock- • 
 ed as a sentry, keeping a strict eye on the «er» 
 vants* My good Irishwoman frequently beek4 
 oned to me ^ descends her drift was to oMcE 
 us all in the trap.^ Luckily she warcompre** 
 bended.. The cellar and kitchen being thorough* 
 ly gutted, and the spoil borne to the carriages^ 
 the party dispersed into the other apartmentSr 
 JBere was elegiincy. The walls and partitions,; 
 lier^ beautifully papered and decorated^ ifink 
 
102 
 
 ^•' 
 
 I 
 
 »■ 
 
 ^ 
 
 large cngraTingSy Tne|M» he, &o* of the most eele-^ 
 brated art^tH. A noble view of the oity of Phila- 
 delpkiay upon a ]arg;e Beale^ taken from the neigh* 
 bonrhood of Cooper's ferry, drew my attention^ 
 and rfdted some compunctive ideas; but war and 
 Hie sciences always stand at arms length in the 
 dfHitests of mankind. Tke latter must sueeuinb 
 in the tumult. Our attention was much more 
 attracted by the castly feather beds, counter* 
 Mnesy and charming rose-blankets, which the 
 bouse afiorded. Of these there was good store^ 
 and we left not a jot behind us. The nooks and 
 crevices in the cariolesy were Ulled with smaller 
 articles; several dozens of admirably finished 
 ease-knives and fork»-^ven a sett of desert 
 knives obtained the notice of our oafiidjty. Ar* 
 tides of lesser monrent^ not a thousandth part 
 1^ useful, did not escape the all-grasping handa 
 of the soldiery* |n a back apartment, there 
 stood a mahogany couch, or settee iii a h%hly 
 finished style. The woodwork Of the eoirbli waa 
 teised *on all sides by cushioning, and lastly^ 
 C!ovelwd by t rieh figured silk, liils to us, was 
 lumber, besides our carioles were full. How** 
 ever, we |^rahbed the matrass and pallets, all 
 e%iMlly elegant as the c^uch: Having, as we 
 tl|oight, divested his E^xcellency of all the arti« 
 dies'of inime neeeatity, we de|Nirt€!d, ostensibiy 
 and even audibly acoompaaied by the |»loiis bk8s«» 
 ings of the stewardess for our moderalion. |€a 
 doubt she had her mental reservations ; on Ineh 
 busineBS as this, we regarded neither. Near tbe 
 dbapel, we met a party of Morgan'is men corn* 
 Ing to do that^ which we had already done. The 
 officer appeared chagrined when be saw the eX"^ 
 tent of our plunder. He went on, and finally 
 iransaek^d tha house^ and yet a little moir^ the 
 
103 
 
 we 
 
 ;•»■"■ 
 
 ttablef • The joy of our meiiy amonj; wliom, Ao 
 plunder was distributed in nearly equal iiortiont* 
 was extravagant. Now an ope'ration of tbe hu^ 
 man mind* whieb often ta^es place in society, 
 and is every day discernible by persiins of obser*^ 
 vation* became clearly obvious. ** Let a man 
 M onee with impunity^ desert the strict rule of 
 «' right, all subsequent aggression* is not only 
 <* Increases in atroeity* but is done without 
 << qualm, of conscience.'^ Though our eompany 
 was composed principally of freeholderst or the 
 sons of suchy bred at home under the strictures 
 of religion and morality* yet when the reins of 
 decorum were loosed » 8i»d the honorable feeling 
 weakened* it beeame impossible to administer 
 restraint. The person of a tory* or his properw 
 ty* beeame fair game^ and this at the denunci- 
 ation of some base domestic villaio. 
 
 On tbe morning follow i^j^, (Dec. ISth^) tlie 
 tame aydacious scoundrel' again returned.. By 
 leading to the first affair, and hW intereoursea 
 with the privates^ heliad so wormed Msiiself ini- 
 to Iheir good graces* that nothing^ w^ld do but 
 a sy stenr-ef mamuding upon our supposed ene«* 
 mies^ the tories. In this new exiiedltion* wkieli 
 was further than the Ibnuier* the officers tkeught 
 it prudent to aceonfifmny Hie men* in truth* ta 
 keep order and repress their ardency. We ar^ 
 rived ^t afarm said to bekili^ to Oov. Cromie or^ 
 some other inhabatant^.Qtii^ee* The fmtm^ 
 house, though low* iieiiig but one story, was 
 eapaeiotis* Hod tolerably neat. The biu*n built 
 of logs* with a threshing'^loor iu the centre^ 
 was n<bih seventy te eighty feet in leng^. The 
 tenant* his wife^ and ehiidren* shuddered upon 
 fl^r approach. Aisurances that theyjihoufd be 
 uoliarme^t ^reMefed 4lieir- £barsft>- Th^ tei»nl 
 
 ^••.-UViPf-A' ■ 
 
 ^mm^' 
 
' rw- 
 
 ' 104 
 
 pcrinted bat to us the horned-cattle^ pigSf ^tni 
 poultry of hU landlord. These we shot down 
 without merey* or drove before us to our quar<' 
 tt>rs. Thus we obtained a tolerable load for 
 Oitr earavaUf which consisted of five or six ca- 
 rioles* '** 
 
 With this disreputable exploit, marauding 
 ceased. A returning sense of decency and or^ 
 der^ emanating from ourselves, produced a se- 
 cies of oontrition. It is a solemn trutht thai 
 we plundered none, but those who were noto- 
 riously tories, and then witliin the walls of Que- 
 bec. The clergy^ the nobles, and the peasan- 
 try; were respected anjEl protected, especially 
 the latter, with whom, to use a trite expr^'ssion, 
 we t raternized. The minuteness of this descrip- 
 tion of occurrences, of a trivial, yet disigraee- 
 ful nature, is made the more stron^y to impress 
 your minds, with thii horrors attendant on civil 
 wars. This species of war, more than any other, 
 not otthr affbets the great and the wealthy, but 
 it intrudes itself into, and devastates the cottage» 
 Tlais the Ameri^^n people knowv from the ma- 
 ul!: tnelanchofy scenes,, which succeeded the pe-. 
 ilbd spoken ofl 
 
 Gracious and Alniighty Gbdf the shield and 
 protector of the good, a» well as thou art ^thcr 
 scourge of the Mse and wicked nation^ avert 
 from my countty^ thift the most terrible of thy 
 modes of tenipoiid vengeance.^ 
 
 Becember 15th. In a short tiine^ the rifle 
 comi^nics moved and occupied good quarters 
 on the low grounds, near St.. Charles* river^ and 
 about two miles from Quebec. Onr^ clothing 
 was still of the flimsy Und,. before notedr but 
 our hearts were light, even to merriment. lur 
 divldu^lyi firem ou^ontniiindsf wo tundiM wb* 
 
105 
 
 
 solves with arm-gloyes^ and renewed' our r.oe* 
 karliiis* This was about the middle of Decem- 
 ber* During all this time^ our dailj duty was 
 laborious in various ways^ ahd every other night, 
 we mounted guard at Bt Roque. A guard- 
 house, ere this had been established at thi» 
 place, in a very large stone-house, whieh, though 
 strong, being exposed to the enemy's Are, was 
 soon battered about our ears, the distance scarce-w^ 
 ly more than three hundred yard^. That po« 
 sition was changed for one more secure; A 
 house, which had been a tavern, was adopted 
 in its stead. This hoose was pecuilarly situ- 
 ated. It was comparatively small with the form- 
 er in its dimensions, but the walls were strong, 
 and the cielings bomb-proof. It stood under thQ 
 bill, so as to be out of the range of the shot,- 
 from the ramparts contiguous to Palace-gater' 
 which were elevated far above us. Simpsoii 
 would say. Jack, let us have a shot at those fel- 
 lows. Even at noon-day, we woukt creep along 
 close to the houses, which ranged under the hill*, 
 but close in with it, till we came within fbrty 
 yards of Palace-gate. Here was a smith-shop,; 
 formed of logs, through the creyiees, of whiebi^ 
 we would fire, ^1 an angle of 70, at the septriea 
 above us. Many of them were killed, and it was 
 said, several officers. This was dishonorable 
 war, though authorized by the j^actices o^ 
 those times. The distance from this guard- 
 house, to Palace-gate, may be three hundred 
 and fifty yards. The hill, at the back of the 
 liouse, seemed to make an angle of 60 or 70 
 degrees. This adivity continued from the walls 
 of the city, and around it by the Lower towni' 
 (where it if greatest,) for many miles up the 
 St. Lawrence and St. Cliaries, and forms the 
 
106 . 
 
 ba8i» of Abrftlmm's Fiateft^ Itr was sAcmt tliftt 
 timellK York atj^lktists^ undi^r caf tain LailiV; 
 bad, eoastrneled a baltery on the Pfalns^ *at tlie 
 dMtanf e of 6CK» or 700 yards fifom tho forlpess^ 
 Tlie eartli was too dKBcdlt fsir the iotpeaeliiiig 
 tools to ||lejpoe» tiie oiilj method; left, was to 
 i^e a battery oomjposed of iee and^saow. The 
 snow was made into ice by thi» addiljoB of w^ten 
 The work was done in t£^ mghA l^me. Fivo' or 
 siist nhte'^fkoundersy aaidi ri hoMP]t9»r;were^eed 
 in itf It was siMffcely eompletodp asdotir^tina 
 bad o^iied on 0i« ottyr bt^iWo^ iiwa^plerofid 
 thrdagli and tbroiigh, % tb^ wneigbtlej^ n^eital 
 of Ibo encmy.^ Sevtsral lives weto loftt on the 
 flrsi and^ second dayw Yet tho experiineiit Ww. 
 psirsisted in» tiB a singlo baU»^ piereing the batltif 
 iij^liiUed and wona&d three persons In lluei 
 ^uaii^rslftstmentioned^ wo enjoyed some; please 
 ati# M^«u The winter In €i»iifidar as^^ wit^ lis^ 
 ia^ l&e season of gi^ humour and JQ^% 
 
 ' Beeember iSth» 19th^ Upon a seeessit^infroitt 
 t^e ont-post, OF other military omptoyi|ient9» 
 l|je were agrcebly received in the farm'iionses' 
 MTpwid. Oar engagements no^r P^lae^-gatOr 
 aliQ eotttiiitted to be of the arduous kiqd; our' 
 #aifiberif being few, -^every second watch was' 
 p4i^l<M*i^ed by the same persoiiSf who had miide 
 the ^11^ the last %t one. Qetween tti^ gUiirtK 
 bousi^, aind the (TX^^^^^ thesiibarbs of 
 
 ^t^ Roqacf whieb may be half a i)iite;from the 
 rilmparts, there was a Hfingp^ ground fli the 
 jMtn street Ibirlj in Wi^w of the eneniyy and 
 Whilst we r^iered in dayliejbt^ was rak6d» evei| 
 1^ grape-shot. Some gooan^n were lost here;' 
 This eii^cumf>tanee» changed the time pf relief 
 to nine e*tlock in the ev^enliig. The rlie-nia$ 
 
 ■€ 
 
■■•'■ 
 
 107 
 
 wereipi4n«ipftl]y employed/as guopcls, at iihk)Aikii- 
 .^n]lu8 statkyn. It is but fair ftnd honesty ib 
 relaie to yoiiy an anecdote eonoerning m;^8el^ 
 idiicli will enfivey to your wads, some lia- 
 lipn of tliat :affeetto|i^ of the head or hearty 
 whiehi,^ niilitary i^lLa paaie^terror. (Beiag 
 one of '>lbe guard and ^tkig been.veMeved as a 
 •entrjy ahotti twelve or <Rie o^cloek at iiight» 
 upon returiring to ike g^ai^li-house, la^a do^g 
 state; I eaiit my^H' on a heneh^ nesit tiie baek 
 wall— -young, my sleeps were deep and heavy •; 
 my youUi ohtsiined this graoe from Simpson^ 
 the officer who commanded ; about three o'cdoek, 
 I was roused by a horrible noise. The eiieiiiy» 
 in casting their shells, usuidly b^an in the 
 evening, and threw but a few^ towards morifhig^ 
 f#bey became more alert* ^ur station being out 
 of sight, it wa« so managed, as »to throw tlib 
 *sbelU on the side of the bin, directly hmslkjof 
 us, so as they w<mld trumUe down against tlie 
 wall ' of the guard- house. I^his had frequently 
 0ccur^d bc^Dre^ but was not minddd.< A thiri- 
 teen- tneh shell, thus ^thrown, cani^ Imme^atd* 
 ly opposite the place, where my bead Is^y to 
 be sure, the three feet wall was ibetween us* 
 ^ ^he bursting repoH was ti*eni0ndous> Jbu t ii^wiws 
 li^arcl in a profound deep. S|^li»|^ iii^liMrill^^^^^ 
 though unconscious of the eause,^rand;'itliini^ 
 pi*obably Afty yards, through untrod^ini^^ three 
 feet 'deep, to a cofil-^^lmi:se, a<|»ta^e^qliite :ui^^ 
 known to me before : It was iteh^oir fifteei;i tniaii- 
 tcB before the extreme cold, restored that kind 
 of sensibility, whi^Ji enabled me to know my real 
 situatioh. Knowiiig <nolhing of the cause, the 
 probable effect nor* aiiy thing of the consequencesy 
 ^hich migltt follow from this involuntarjf exep- 
 ^idon^ it seemed to me to be a species of the {Kanie^ 
 
 ■iiiiit- 
 
108 
 
 whieh bas .been known to a^eet whoie armies. 
 .Tlie oireumslance here related, caused a laugh 
 against me; but it was soon discoyeredy that 
 t&se of the 8oidierj[^ though wide awak^ were 
 as mueh {lanie stneken as n^ys^Hf^ ^ The laugh 
 rebounded v upon them. During ^bis ^|f riod, we 
 Jiad many bitter nights. To giyei you some idea 
 of a Canada winter, allo^w me to relate an oe- 
 eurrenee, whieh is literaHy genuine* > v 
 
 December 24th. One ni^f at the time of re- 
 lief, a confidential person eanie .{rom colonel 
 ArnoU^ accompanied by an Irish,genileinan, nam- 
 ed Crai^, directing the relieyed guard to escort 
 him to his own house> which stood imtween twenty 
 Ami thirty paces from Falace-mte. Crajg was a 
 merchant of considerable wealt)^ and what was 
 more, an excellent whig. Qe waii expelled from 
 his habitation . because ofhis whigisiiiy . and took 
 refuge in Arnold's quarters^ Atontgomeryv by 
 this time 9 had furnished us with personal cloth- 
 ing suitable to the climate, but there were .a 
 thousand .other things wanting for comfortable 
 accommodation. Many . of these Mr« Craig, pos- 
 sessed, and Arnold's luxurious eupidlty. desired. 
 Craig's house was an extensive buildingf three 
 stories high, with back buildings of an equal 
 height^ running far. in the rear along the foot 
 of the hill.. This last building consisted, pf 
 stores, which, as well as the house, was of brick 
 work. We came to the back part of the bouse 
 silently, and with the utmost caution. Mr. 
 Craig, by a slight knock brought a trusty old 
 negro to the door, who wasjthe sole guardian of 
 the house. The objects of Mr, Craig were fryr 
 ing-pans, skillets, and a great variety of other 
 articles of ironmongery, together with cloths, 
 ilannels, Unnens, ^Scc &c. &c. The party with 
 
'^■: 7 ~ "SJ^TITT T^-^l^^^-" 
 
 
 / 
 
 109 
 
 Craig f^terefd. tli!elioii9e. As a man of eo^^- 
 denec,^ and as a'Bentry* it became my basiness ,to 
 wate^ the Putoe^gate. There was a e)ei^ 
 m^niigbti but it was ^es^iei^ingly blealc« Mjr 
 idaelb ^ obsertatton was imder a brick ^vclk^ 
 over wbicb were 8t9reS'>f liir. Craifpf perbaf^ 
 less than e^^ty ^Det tvqm Paliice-j*ate. M>^ 
 glcires were good .and well {ined with fur, apd 
 Piy .moekauas of t!^ be^t Mnd^ well staffed. Un- 
 seen— eontinttidly.paei9g the width of the arch ; 
 My comfii^ipiis seenied to . employ too mucK 
 time. Bame Freiiehmenf of colonel Livingatop's 
 regimeiitf. wtthont our IfliowMgey had been be- 
 low Palaee^gate mjEirauding* Repassing the 
 hjDttse we ir^re atf like so opany hell -houndsi, they 
 set op a yelling and horrid iya> which not otify 
 seared our pa^y^ but alarmi^ the garrison itsepl 
 My companions in the house (apprehenfive of 
 % sally from Pidaee-gat«,) iiedy carrying all 
 they could* Though I heard the noise» the 
 flight of my friends was unseen, as they emerg* 
 ed from the cellars. The noise and bustie cre^ 
 ated by the Canadians attracted the attention of 
 the enemy. Large and small shells wcire 
 thrown in every directiony whenever a noise was 
 heard in. St. B<^ue« . Having on a line , white 
 bknhet coat* ^nd turning my cap of <<hiii^t 
 rotige;" inside out, the inside being wiite» mader 
 Vie, as it werCf invisible in the snow. Under the 
 areli the conversation of the sentries^ as It wercy 
 almost over my head, was very distinguishable. 
 In this cold region, many reasons operate to in- 
 duce the placing two sentries at the same post-^ 
 they enliven each other by. conversing, and It 
 prevents the fatal eflfeets, which fbllQW^ ^Vh 
 standing still in one position. F^tcen minute 
 'at this time, was the term, of the sei^ritsp standj 
 
iiig4 nPhe timeof my «tfftiding^'iinder tii« mh' 
 ieemeA to be severfd lioarB» yet lioneF and duty^ 
 reqak-ed pepsey^raiM^* At l^iigtli, lieiDg weiu>iedr 
 i^Wgelng to the baek door of the houM' «nd 
 kB^^king^^iio whispet; eould be heard within-M 
 thte; cdd neipro li^ad soim^y nsleep in his bomb*' 
 piNilof sbeUv Ait this n^nient those* Canadians 
 Miti plLfit t^e gtit<&way agiln, with their ttsnalt 
 iH>i^ Jobber; to me^ in buy deserted stateyjit^ 
 scemM a sally of the enemy. There was ne 
 ^iiWlet but bjf the^ wniy we esAne, whieb seemed 
 iiatardotts. Running gilii In hand into a lai^e 
 en^lo^ure, whieh wa^ a gat^n of Mr. Grains : 
 here W^s ieinew dilemma. There was no escape 
 biit by r^^turning to the house ov elimhhig a pali- 
 sade twenty feet h%li. The latter was prefix- 
 edf but my rifie was l4^ft within the enelosure* 
 ad no means could be fallen upon to get it ovjsr 
 ike stockade. The guard-house was s4ion reach- 
 ed. On^^fthe sei^ants kindly returned with 
 me to assist in bringing over my gun. It was 
 grasj^dinextlicy: ^as! the determination nevep 
 to part with it again, but with IMe^ was futile. 
 While in the enclosure^ going from and returning 
 to Itr we were assailed with grape-shot and 
 shells, not by any means aimed at us, for the 
 enemy knew not that we were there, but was in- 
 tended to disperse those vociferous and vile Ca- 
 nadians, and it hadi the efiTect. They were as 
 cowardly as noisy. The cohorn shells Were 
 hiMidsomely miinaged. They usually burst at 
 Mteeh or twenty feet from thcr earth, so as to 
 scatter their destructive effispts more widely. 
 Ag^in coming to the guard-house, my immedi<^ 
 ale iriends all gone, 1 ran thence to our quar« 
 ters about two miles, with great speed. This 
 was about three o^olock ill the morning. C^nl* 
 
"' i^4k^'^'''' 
 
 ''■■% 
 
 111 
 
 as 
 ire 
 at 
 to 
 ly. 
 
 imp io> ^aHerSf n^ ftet and hands were n^iiilpd^ 
 iwlllNittt evier bayin|p^ dlifiiig til^se Inany drenhry 
 iMNirav Uee« sensilileiof tlie^«old« It was seen 
 dlsi)ov«[^edf tfiat tlwy Wfere. iroaeD^ BiHfaig off 
 ^y ^wnib «^toii and tttmfSrgiiig' my feet and legs 
 <kiiee/ttO(q[» in tlM' snow Ht ^e' door^ salibii^ with 
 my handsit few minotos^ sooir eiitusMia. ifeeireti^ 
 flation df ttie bloddj ihi haaids Ivere ifestoredlgr 
 4:he uxA. For fifteen^ and eren twenty years af- 
 terwtodsy ^e ihtolerftMe efieets of that night'as 
 fi^oiit weretnost sensibly feh. The soles of my feet^ 
 partienlarlyy tbei pi^oiniiie»eies, were severly 
 f i?os«bsttx^n and ^isHKh. Inflil^ so it yns as to 
 nsflliiinii^ ; Bat it 'Wan* Tery remarkaMe thsU 
 thdimisnbsi^lieiit 'ianniil painings^ uniformly at- 
 tiiekid '. an^ : In the^ saime. iJaioirth of the year in 
 whife1t*the ennse ok^urred. 
 
 On the id^t of the 20th» or 21st of Dieeember^ 
 « snow* stoj^iiry'dfcivingli^reely from the north- east> 
 ittdneed the noble Montgomery^ to or^r on ati- 
 taek oif.ttto f<^rtresi. .:Our foree altogether^ did 
 not atnount'to.<^^more '^than^ eleven^ hundred jnen^ 
 And^ many of tfaese> by eontrivanees of their own^ 
 were 1^ thd. huspiteli whioh, by this iime^ wao 
 transferred to^ ibe tfuniiery^; The stortii abated-^ 
 fbe moon: fthone^andwe retired ^o repose, ti^Iy 
 unWilHiigfy^ We had eanght oni* ' eomman^r'ir 
 s|iirh> who was an^sioiily afiter the eaptnre : of 
 Chiirablee, Sli Jolin&y and Montreal^ to add Qne^ 
 ))ec^as a prhneilrbphy to tlie laurels liiready^oni 
 Captain Smi^yctliLeheaid of our niess^^^s^jsaqptaini^ 
 had bten inrili^! w |;^neral Mont^omev^s' ebnni 
 cii of offieersr (nolle under that gradei beMg eaJl^ 
 l^^^ Hke most of uninstrootedtaea, he; waBHlilk4 
 atlv^:and what is oMieh worse in mil£tal^hAif)«$ 
 very oommunicHtive. I beliere blushing ' Il^tt 
 lowed the kitelligenoe he gave rae: the idea of 
 
iiii^^r«>pffie^ ^of ibondiiet to him^ deeply impk^si^ 
 ed jn^ iniad. The wbele piaii oiiheniiiek on 
 "ike : two^ofioiving i^y 8» ^at iiBowa t» the mean*- 
 eet'jniliilli the fton^. iio w k «wtiBldieekii§ed^ H 
 ttodcMftittr «ri6Bft bf the fktiiii^ af the eajittekiai 
 ikim "^ii^tttoii^ a seifgeaiit ia thtt iwinjfp^ wfaieh 
 aciMiaif^tled^^^AftaBlgiHttefjr^ deeertird CiNiai^ the 
 Iphard at the^iahafhiof tit; JFoba^e, umi dlsefofed 
 •ia* OUT feet the^purpert of enr^Bohenits; .hlft de<^ 
 sertiba eaiiscid mueh aiu^tj^ MThe general pm^« 
 .deatly gave out th{it it was h^' eemiiiand» h|^ 
 itould retani sooii with latellfgenoe; Thii>waf 
 (lieiiev)ed^geB«niU}^*5 ^he latter uifbraiatiQa ^eame 
 to my kao(«led^ aome ittMrtbs ailtarwaTdty whi^a 
 •arprisoai^wi The ii^ fimiiii 4i9^ me> U 
 
 |iorleet Qw tnjr mraaorr. ¥eiitii» addoBi fetget 
 their jufe&ile iBipreMiinit^ It wiia/Alaj^><Tliat 
 ^*f we^^ A)«old^t eorpi^ ae^iipiMcd' h|f ^ 
 ^taut Iiai^i York artillerb^ shUiM atioaU tlHB 
 MloHrertewB^ on tlie side of ^StMBaqae : genli^i 
 Montgomery was to . attaok the lower town 1^ 
 P the way o€ oiqie Biaaiottf^ whii^ ' ia W'^k^. 
 ff.iKKai?gln of the St. I^iwredce. A fiilse attaeiL 
 .^f was to be Jtade eastwttrdly 4if St. Jidiii^s gatt* 
 «< When MoBtgoBielpr aad JdmaM eoaijoin^ ia 
 <^lhe lower towBy iioB the piej>t% the womaii 
 •*^ a^ the ehHdren, mete t^ be gathered aad in* 
 f ^ terniiogled with i^ie troops^ wA aa assaalt bo 
 iKf Biade oa the BppertQWfl*f?a>yi8ienaiy asv this 
 mode of altaek was^ from what easuedy it ji 
 mieerely my belief that Smith was e<wreot la 
 Ids iafeirBMitiony as to the pla& sttg^ested by the 
 general* )>Jil tlM»SB tarbuloBt tim^s^^ raeh of gal« 
 lliMtryy aiieh ;tts Montgo^Mryi^ were imperiousfy 
 neeessitatedi to keep up Ibdur own feme aod^^ 
 s^its of thfeipeople» to propose and to haaard 
 measures; even to tlie.eonAnes ^riaipra^iieei 
 
 
113 
 
 Th«te wa# moitfier eiremnflaaee ivlii^ kidiiMtf 
 ^nr forate and worthy generalf to adopt aetlv6 
 ind dangeroui liieaiit of conquest* Many of th« 
 Mew-Entftand tiHN>|i» bad boon engaged on very 
 slioK ottiifltiiientii^ some of whioh* were to expire 
 on the flr^t of January, 1776» The patrkithm of 
 the Bttmmer of seTentv^flf^y seemed tdmost ex*^ 
 tini^ulshed In the winter of seventy^slx. Th» 
 jj^trlotie officer* made every exlerlion to indnee 
 enlistmentsy but to no pnrp^sc* W^r of the ^ fi*^ 
 fttf! Ciorpsy**^ readily assented' to reinam with thei 
 g^neraly though he should be deserted by the 
 eastern- men, yet Ibis example had no manner or 
 infliienoe on the g^erality. The mf^oriQr #ieri 
 eitheir Ikrniers or sailorsy^ and iome hndTwiVci 
 and children at home^ Thescy and oilier re»^ 
 soillly perhlip» the austerity of the^ntor/ and> 
 the harshness of the servicereaused an obstinacy 
 of mindy which wOnld not submit to patriotiero-t 
 Bresentatlon. Besid'ei the sinallpoxy* Which >haii 
 been introduced into our cantonfltfcnts by tiie in^ 
 deeorous,^ yet fasoinating arts of tbe-enemyy h^- 
 alrcady begun ks ravages*. This temper of thO 
 men was well known to the generate 
 ' it was not Itntir the night «f the tbirty^first 
 of December^ one tbousanl seven bun^hied anA 
 scventy-iivey that suoli kind of weatlfer en«uc4^ 
 as ivas cOosideped faTorable for tfa^ assaOMi^ 
 The fore|Nirt of th^ nii^t was admMbly eiN- 
 laghtened^^ a 1uniin<^^ moon* Mai^ ^ Os^ 
 emcers as well a» priaratesi. bad dkpersed in 
 various direeliO||f<^ among: the farm and t^]ifi|! 
 boil$es oftbo Vioidlty. W^^ well knew the sign^ 
 itr raHying. Tliis was no other than a ^ snow^ 
 itorm.^' About l^ o^clOck F» M*^ the bciivaii^ 
 
 ^SeeNotaiy* 
 
 K& 
 
 •w^' 
 
 .t'^V: 
 
114 
 
 frasr overoast. We fs^wiyl ti» quattort* ByM 
 ^'cloek we wc«7e aeeoutiwd and be^aour marebii 
 Tine siaivi way ouli!af^ou% aad llieveold wtod 
 e^remel^r biting. In tbi^ noHbeni annatfy^he 
 snow is Hi^n boriapatally into, Ibe fteat^ aC tnM 
 Tylers an most aecamnf- ^i» wat^nMy^ease* r^ 
 . Janaarjr 1st. When we«eanie,to,Cimi#»fliaii8e^ 
 H^ar Palaoe-gai»» a^liopriUi) roap^of ^iMmon tadc 
 plaoe» and a ringing lof all tbf; bells ^ftlie e^, 
 iRrfaieb are vepjf,nuni€iHH!Mif and pf all sisies, J^^ 
 AoMf headiag ihp fiirlom hoipe^ advaniM^ pM$i 
 %aps» nne hundred yardsi before Iba main bady«i 
 jkMev these, fUlpwed X#inb's artiUerifftf, Mor- 
 gan's eompany, l^d in the secandarj part of 
 ^ ,Qp|ama f»f infiinM*y< Smith's followed^ head* 
 cA hy $teelc» the eaptain*. fi^m partieuUir eaus<r 
 f^»Jl>^ing absent. ,He^diif&k's eompanj sueceeA^ 
 ^, and ih^ eastern moni sn ihr as known la 
 me, loUowed in due ^^^ 3fba snow was deepafc 
 |b^n in ihn fields, baei^^e af the nature of tMr 
 ^pand* Tb» path made by Arn^ IjMnb,mi4 
 Ifarganr nan almostr impaireeplible, beeanse of 
 ^ %)ling^ isna w } eovering thp loeks of oitr gimsi 
 with the lappets af^ureaats, holding dawn imn 
 ^ads, (fpr i^ was.iifipi^ible la beadP npour 
 fiices^ against the imperiousi starm of wimd and 
 l^m^jt} W KOI alangtbe foot of the hill in sin^ 
 ^ jOlc^ 44ang the first of jOur run» Iram Palaea^ 
 ga4e»:jrar, s^er^ h^^i^ pafees, there stead al 
 m^S^, oCiasuIal^ buildings, whieh seemed ta 
 be 8tare-»hPiti»cf8» wp passed these ^ieldy in sia-* 
 ^e ^, pr^tywi^ apart*: TJba juteri^ea 
 vfi^fB iVqin thirty to fifty yards, in these inter*|n 
 iralsp we ffedved a tremendous fire af mnsl^4 
 |ij fe^ni'jUifB rspiiimrts abairctas.* Here ^id Uw^ 
 somc^ brave men,^ when powerless to return the 
 saitties we received^ as the enemiy waaJeatered^ 
 
 
 -»'.k 
 
115 
 
 s 
 
 i 
 \ 
 
 \ 
 
 red 
 
 by fiis hniir^gnable defmees^- They vr^re ereit 
 iq^tlets to nty we eoald tee nothing but thl| 
 bnae from the muzoleB of their muskets. > 
 
 «'A numiier of fessels of various sizesf lay. 
 along the beaohf moored by their hawsers or 
 eahles to the houses. Paeing after my leader^ 
 lieutenant 8tede» at a great rate^ one of tiiose 
 mistook me midertlieehiny and east roe head-^ 
 lottg down^ a deelinty of at least Hft^eon feeU 
 The plaoe fmneared; to be dthi^r a 4i7doefc> orl 
 a sawpit. My deiOent waii terrible ; giin an(| 
 ail was ihrolTed in a great de|fth of snow* M^t 
 imlifeidlyy however^ wrni of my knees reeei veil 
 violent eontusion on a piece of si^raggy iee^ 
 v#bieh ,wa» oovered by the snow.: On' 11^ oeea-r 
 siOttSf we caa searee expeet in the huny of at<^ 
 taeky that our intimates should attend toan;|ir 
 other^ than their own eonoems; Miilewentftt^iti 
 mei regardless of my fate. Ben^bbling out o# 
 the eavity^ without assistaacei div^liog my. 
 person, and gun of the snow^ alid Hmpiiig inter 
 llw;line» it was attempted to assume a statioiiy 
 and preserve it. Tliese w'ere none of my friends 
 -4-4h^ knew^me not. We had not gmie twentyi 
 yaidsf in my hobbling gaity befoi^ I was thrown' 
 oat^ and eompelled to await the arrival^ of a 
 ehaism intbe liney where a new plaee might bo 
 obtained, r Men in affairs sueh as this^ seem 
 in thib maiuf to lose the eompassionate feeHnir^ 
 and^ are averse from being dislodged^ f)H>m theur 
 original staUontfr - We "^^ rapi^y^ est-^ 
 
 posed to a long line of fire from the garrison# 
 fbr now we were unproteeted by any bnildings. 
 The fire had slackened in a small degree. The 
 efnemy hi^ been partly ealled off to insist ^ie 
 general) and strengthen the party opposed to 
 ijmold in^ ouf flront Now we saw eolonek A.r^ 
 
lis 
 
 ■old retarniingf woonded Id dhe togt and sup^; 
 ported bj two gontlemonf a parson Hpring n^aa 
 one, and in my belief, a Mr. Ogden, tho others 
 Arnold oalled to the troops, la a oheeHnf^-voice^ 
 a* we passed, urging us forward, yet it trasob^ 
 lervable among the soldiery, with whom It waa 
 B»f misfortune to be now plaeed, thai the co4 
 loners retinng damped tlieir spirits* A eani 
 term ** We are iold," was repeatedly heard 
 In many parts ihroiighout the line. Thus pn^ 
 Ceding eniladed by an animated but lessened 
 ftre, we eame to the tirst barrier, where Arnold 
 kad been wounded in the onset. This ee^test 
 kad lasted, but a few minutes, and was some*^ 
 wrhat severe, but the energy of ourmen pre<^ 
 vailed. The embrasures were entered wheik 
 the enemy were discharging their gnns^ The 
 
 guard, consisting of thirty persons, were either 
 ikLcn or fled, leaving their arms behind thirm.. 
 At this time, it was diseovercd that our guaa 
 were useless, beoause of the dampness. ^ Tho 
 •now, which lodged in our ileeey eoats, waa 
 Bieited, by the warmth of our bodies. Thehco 
 oame that disaster. Many of the party, know- 
 ing the cireumstahee, threw aside their own, and 
 ieized the British Arms. These were not only 
 elegant^ but were such, as bt$ fitted the hand of- 
 a real soldier. It was said, that ten thousand 
 stand of such arms^ had been received fiVbni 
 England, in the previous summer for arinfaig;. 
 the Canadian militia. Those peo|ile Hvere Ibatb 
 to bear them in opposition to ourrjgltt9& From^ 
 the first barrier to the seooiidy tnere was a 
 eircular course along the siites of^io^ses, and: 
 
 Sai*t1y through a street, probably of th^ee hun^ 
 red yards, or more. This second barrier, was 
 ^ereeted across^ and near the moiith. of a narrow 
 
117 
 
 8tV6«t^ adjailenl tia tke foat of ihe. hilly yit\4eh 
 opened inton larger^ kading^ soon iito the lOfiin 
 ImnIjt uf tJito iqwer town, fl^re it wai» that the 
 inott Mriiins oontentioa took i^aca : tl^t^ bcoanM; 
 the haneof stwife; The admirable Montgbme-* 
 ^, by thit/iimey (though It was unfcn'iwa to 
 uit) was.n^tiiMiM; veti we ex^eted mopieiitar^ 
 lj9 to ^iiiJiiiii, The firing <Mi: that side <yf tha 
 ^rtftss ^eeased»; his division Ibll under the earn- 
 ihand of « eolcnel Caaiphell> of the Tpew-York 
 liney a wOrlhlf ss chieff who retreated, withe^ 
 inaldng an dKHrft» in poirsuaiioe of thd general*! 
 origins plansii VTlko.i. inevitable oonftqnmiefi 
 Vfn$f, thiat the whole^of the foreei on timt iido 
 of the.eltyy ^and those, who were opobsM to thi^ 
 ^slai^' personi einj^oyed to make the Iktse 
 altaeks, embodied and eame. do wja to 0|N^9e oui 
 division. Here . ivas sharp ahootiog. We ^ero 
 on the difadtantagooua side of tho bweilDr, fb» 
 snfih a purpose* Confined in a narrow street^ 
 kardlj more than> twenty feet wide, and on the 
 foWer i^round, seareely a baU» well aiiiied of 
 Otherwise, but. inusttdnkoeflbet upon us. MoiN 
 gan, . Heodrioks, Steele, fiumpbt'eys, aiid li 
 orowd'of every class of the i^Na^, had gathered 
 iiito the nairoii piss, attemptln|g toiini*mooitdi£ 
 
 Jmrrier, wlAlh wras about twelve or.lnor6|bet 
 ligh, aodoo stpk^gly eonstruoted, that iliothing 
 hut artiUery, eouul effeetuate its .destruetioO* 
 ^here wiais a eofiiitriictlan, fifteOn or twenty 
 jards, within tlwhamer, ufion a nsing groih^ 
 ^jhe^ eannon of ^vitiolif ma^h overtoppei^ tlris 
 height of die harrier,^ henee, we were aesailed* 
 by gn^l^e shot in ahimdNoe-^Tfais ereeliitt.' w^is 
 ealled the platiuitn. r^^^n, within the 'Vkn 
 tier, and c^se in to It, ivere. tw6 ranges W 
 m|ii^tf era,, armed wiUl m.uskejt ahd baydii^> 
 
118 
 
 i^y id iteeeiv^ tlttMi^^wlia m^tii^ntiire 111* 
 dlmgeToufe . leafi. Add Uk all iMs* ^biit tlie eae« 
 njr Dfi^upM the ttfper oliambers lif Hue houses 
 m^ille:iil(eri0v oC.tm baKiior«iiiiib<illl Jdd^ 
 the j;tre«t» fromilie windows 0iwliiel»» we be«> 
 eawe JBui^ marks. Th0^emj» iiaHn^tHe adlraoti- 
 agei«Cihe!groiiiid.iii fraiity j^ wmUiWixfrnnQniyoi 
 BUmlMrf^ dipjr and better arois^ ganre thtsiii an jvf 
 reaistibte |Miw«r» In so narrow, a^uee. Haiii^ 
 2llirc:f *t ttpoa a moui^ whiek wa»apeedil|r eree^*^ 
 0d». jittended fa^ laaajr bfiMre men, atimnfiedt^ 
 sisala Hie^ baviier» but wai| e6ni|idybd;io>etceat| 
 \fy, jthe . &rmidflb)fB phalanx cif hajrohets wkWui. 
 and tli^i weight. iit\ fire; &^m the platf^ 
 the bilildingB. -Morgan* bo^afe to leneerS<|K^ 
 MttneA and raged, .I]eni^iek% Steffle, Nicholas 
 ^kmphreyf^ equally bravep were^edstey'tlioagh 
 under a treipeadous fiire. The j^atfhrm^ wlileli 
 was .wiihitt ouie vleWf wa» (svaeaated by the iie^ 
 curaej of our ilre». and f^w" persoaSf dared Ten^^ 
 tare ■. there again. Mow it wasf that the Becegi 
 sky of the oeeupaney of the honsesy cm our md^ 
 of the barrier* Jie^iane afiparent. Orders were 
 given by Morgan^ 16 that effeet-*«We entered-^ 
 this :#a8 neai! dtigrlight^ The houses were a^ sfiel^ 
 ter^.from. whieh>^. WiTcouM^ fire wkh much.aeeu* 
 rao)r» Yetf even here* some yaluaUe lives wer6 
 ^t«^^ Hendrieks« wlfen aimiflg hk rifie^^at som» 
 proliiinent persons/died bj^'aostraggling ball^ 
 throngh his heart. He staggered m few ftd 
 triaekw^s* and fe)l upon a bed*, wheve Ii4 inn 
 alinlly. fpipirecl. lie was m- ornament «f erif 
 Util^ soelBly« The amfiahle Uamphiieiyi '^ied 
 by- a: like kind Of -woundy toiit was w th<f «ti?eiffil^ 
 hefdre 'we ieniet*ed the bttildhigs» Mai^ ^ther 
 brave men fell at this plao^* amonfi: these were 
 CoafaTf of Canneetieiity andp^^liapa 
 
 hisi 
 
11-9 
 
 Mt^' or sixty noti-eommissHmed offie^fty ittid 
 pfivates* The woundedf vere liumerottsy and 
 numjr af them dangerously) sa^ Captlun LilniW 
 of^! the York artUlerifttSy had nfeai^y orie half of 
 hn^;&ee; earned away> hy a gn^^e or DannisleR 
 shot.; 'My friend Steele, lost three .of hjb An* 
 gersy. as^he was presenting his^^gun to fire ;• cap-v 
 tMKL Htthbard and lieutenant Flsdlet were alsa 
 among the; wounded*! vWhen we r^fleet upon the 
 whole of the dangers at thltharricade, and the 
 formidaMe force, that came to <f annoy us, it is a 
 ^ matter of surfn^se, that so iliany should es*. 
 ** eape death and woundsng^ > as dicl.^ All hope^ 
 of saeeess, having vanished, a retreat was oon-^ 
 templated^ but hesitation, uneertainty, and a las- 
 situde of mind, whteh generally takes plaee, in 
 the aAairs of men, when we fiiil in a prqieet, 
 upon whieh, we h^^^e attached much expeeta-* 
 tion, now followed. That moment wasfoc^isfaf* 
 ly lost, when suidi' a movemoit might have been 
 made ^with tolerable success. Captain Laws^ 
 at. ike head of two hundred men, issuing fipomT 
 Pfdaee-gate, mostfhirly and handsomely 'looped 
 us up« : Many of the men, aware of the conJBe** 
 quences, and all our Indians and Canadianf^, (exW 
 cept Natanis and another^) escaped aeross th6 
 ice, which covered the bay of SU Charles, l^r 
 fore the arrival of captain Laws. This wall « 
 dangerous and desperate adventure^ but wprOi^ 
 while the undertaking, in avoidance of our«id>- 
 sequent sufTerings. Its desperateness, ecmifisled 
 in running two miles across shoal ice, thrown 
 up by tber high tides of this latitude— -and its 
 danger,' in the meeting with air holes, deqcfl-' 
 tively covered by the bed of snow. 
 
 t See general Nichors letter. 
 
'.^- 
 
 ' flpettkifig oirettnspeetlyf yet it mutt lie admit" 
 ted' Qon|eeturally> k seems t<i me^ tbat-^ in tlie 
 Yfliiile of Hms attae(£> of eonmilssioiied offiterii lie 
 iMid sik' killedy five wounded^ ^d of iioii&eo]a<^ 
 ]fdlii«iied aad j^vtites^ at least one hundvediaiMi 
 iiH^ikiiled, and fifty or sixty iraimded. Of .^e 
 eilettiyrBiiiny were killed and many mure iroiind'^ 
 ed^'isomjiarati^elyy than on ouir tide^'^tikkig it^ 
 Till w^ the disadvantages vte labrntedrmadev;: ai|d 
 thatbnt two oeeasions happened wh«i %e ednld 
 retittntfaeir fire, that is^ at the first iwd neeoad 
 harriers. Neither the Amierieaii aeeount of this 
 afTairy ais pilbltshed by eongress^ nor that dfusir 
 Guy Carleton, admit the Tossjof eith^ side to 
 he so ^ieat as it really wm^ in my estimation. 
 It seems to be an universal praeti^amone bel. 
 Vgerants of all nations, to lessen the nuniher of 
 the slain of the side of the party wbieh reports 
 the event, antl to increase it on the part of the 
 enemy. Having had pretty good opportuidties 
 of forinhig a just .opinion ohUthe sul^eet, it is 
 lioped that gentlemen who have thoujght or. writ* 
 ten differently, will not disdain to listen to iny 
 argument* As to thfi British ^ on die platform 
 tirey were fitiir objects to us. They were 9oon 
 driven thenee by the. aotiteness -of onr shooting, 
 iffhich in our apprehension must "have destroyed 
 many. Perhaps there never was a body of me^i 
 associated, who better understood the use and 
 manner of employing a rifie, than our eor[^s: 
 which by this time of the attack, had their gnns 
 in good' order, When we took .possession of th« 
 keiises, we h^d a greater range. Ouk* oppiirtu- 
 nities to kill, were enlarged. Within one hun- 
 dred yards^ ev^^ry man must die. The Britishy 
 however, were at home — ^they could easily drag 
 their dead oat of sight/ and bear their wounded 
 
 
 in' 
 A 
 
BO]ll<^ 
 
 » IbIo 
 ebuld 
 
 fthis 
 [If air 
 
 atioo. 
 r bel. 
 Mr of 
 
 oftke 
 
 ndiies 
 
 it is 
 
 writ* 
 
 my 
 
 Llforai 
 
 90011 
 
 iroyed 
 meip 
 ^ and 
 sorj^s: 
 
 IBS 
 
 tb« 
 |p<irtu- 
 
 itish, 
 drag 
 sanded 
 
 tfftlus hospital* It ncaa tho ceyerse wid& |is» 
 jCapiain FrentiSf ¥rl|0 oonipaaded? tho proT^ 
 gcoardsi would t^ m^ vS ^tob <h^ eiglit killod^ 
 fMid fifteen or ^woaty wonwdedr i^MMM^d to 4hi% 
 ]tlie sonti^OSi, (wbO' wf«e ^e^findly irislmio^ 
 llM^t guwdod no witb iiMi«lR.si«plioit^ if not. 
 |ii^i»o<Niiyf) f ro<i|^ of fiNTlf or (If^ 
 
 li^lo^ iNodiQ^kuy i^oc^ mmidod* The latter 
 ^issoctiiEioo ao0ir(le^ vfitib Boy opiojoiw The rea- 
 piias' ^ t)ii» Nyi^^ tro tdfso r. Wbon* tlie. dead, 
 f H, t)ie ;fl9jll§iwipg; dofSy ijiroire tvaa^portod on the 
 ^^«a9jypile%paB9o4^ aor )ial>itatio9 for depo8i|too< ia 
 tlie ^f 4iMi4 litm^o/' we okserved laany bodio«>^ of 
 n^b^j^ib ii|>ii»^fif UeS li^d a«|f i^iiQiwle^ : aod a^ain^ 
 
 iji^b^j^ oiiJ?J9^aa<M.Wfi^ fetaraed to i|8 f roia the 
 bospil^ tl% uiilfovialy 9^ -^ hf^ aii0. 
 
 of jU^ Ifomded^ t^ ?iieioy.» To tftfe grfsat 
 llpiMvr of goiif 1^ CaHet<^» they w^i^ ^11^ whether 
 jElriendo o^ oaeiifties. ti?«Eite4 witJ^ Uhe attfMitioa 
 iHid l^iimuHty.. Too i^asoB w)|y the waaaded 
 of our >|de h^ 90 spiudi a wfortioa to ib0 
 deadf se^psto no thi9 : la tlie loi|g4^ we roa 
 from P(ilaco-gat^ to the Arst Vilttieiv we lost 
 laaay meii wiMi wote kUM oatri^, hi^ maay 
 more ^ed» who ii^efe irmrely jwouaded, yot 4a 
 nie)i a inaqaerK ao inw mlldof refi^oa» to aiafco 
 the ease a earal^le one^ A^ blow nroai a holi s# 
 }<^ge as timt of a npaM^et^ staggets a mai% 
 lihelber the wouig^ be: ia th^ arm» leg or»e]s^ 
 wLeve; if ia 9taggeriagi b^ faUs* be eomesdowa 
 into a deep bed of snow, from whieh a hale maa 
 0iidS' it very diflleuU to eslrleate himself. Fife 
 or ten minutes stniggHng in sueb a bed^ be«- 
 nambs the strongest maiit as frequent exi})eri<- 
 eaee has taught mefif the part; be ^onnded^ 
 tb<w|^ bill Bligbtlys twenty or tbiriiy minates 
 
192 
 
 '^tllldl! him^ not beeause of Ifae neveHiy of thje 
 ^md9 but by the inteDsity of the frost* These 
 iire my opinions; grounded on a t^^mbly dis- 
 ^tii an4 aeeurate knowledge of partieular eases, 
 Whii^ oeeurred in the first part of the attaeh, 
 ^1^ a varkty of information obtfuned afterwards 
 llpom Individual suifcrers, who were /persons of 
 :f6fid(Mity» resetted from death by the humane 
 aetiviiy of governor Carleton. About 9 o'cloek» 
 A. M. it was a^iarent to all of us, that we must 
 ^urrende*. It was done* On this oecasionji my 
 friend general F. N^hols> by his own native 
 spidt, peraeveranee and determined bravery, ob- 
 4iyned an honoraMe distinction, and aeknow^ 
 lodgment from a brave and distinguishei^ #nemy. 
 Xt ^nhanees his merit, and the bo^, (when we 
 irefleet l^at that enemy was no other than gene* 
 «#! Carleton,) an ornament, sueh as would grace 
 tiny nation, whether in the worst or best of 
 times* 8ome privates eamf to lieutenant . Ni- 
 cbolsi and demanded his swordjthe requ»»tioa 
 was peremptorily denied, though there was 
 great risk in the refusal* He retained hh 
 eword, till meeting with captain Endesly of the 
 enemy, to whom it was surrendered^ but with 
 the esaetibn of a promise that it should be re* 
 ttttned when he, the captive, should be released: 
 in t^ Aiigust following, before our embarka^ 
 ition for N:jdW-York,\ captain Eadesly waited on 
 lieutenant Nieholsfrand in the presence of all 
 the Ameriean officers, re-delivered the sword, 
 under ^e assurance, that it was by the permis- 
 dioiiand commfHid of general Carleton. This 
 trait In the character of Carieton, adds to the 
 celebrity if his derivation, and manner of think- 
 ing, and easts, into a dark ground, the charac- 
 iJdTM of most of :the principal British officerSf 
 
123 
 
 pardeulariy t|ie S^oteb^ wbo hacl mveb infla- 
 cnee 10 tliose ilaysy and bore towards us an iii- 
 tem|ierate hatred. 
 
 The ooma|l80i#ned oiReers, and some of the 
 cadetsy were conducted to the seminary^ a res-' 
 peetalde building. It became my lot» in one 
 way or othori to be Jiost in the crowds and to ba 
 assoefated with the non-commissioned oAcers^ 
 in t&e company of some of whom^ - ardent and 
 perilous duties had been undergone. These men 
 are by no means to be lessened in character* by 
 contrasting them with the leyies made itk Ktf- 
 rope» or those m%de since that time in our own* 
 eountf^. lHany i>f our sergeants, and even of 
 our, i^riTatesy were, with g<MNi educations^ sub- 
 stan^al . ^reisholders in our own eonntry. Upon 
 a former irccasioii, you were told the story of 
 the respectable Dixon. He possessed^ (If sor-- 
 did wealth makes the man») twofold the ricbes^ 
 of his captain ; and if it be permitted me to de- 
 cide upon the characters of m^iiy five- fold his 
 understandiiig/ activity and spirit. Amiable 
 Bison! Many of these men, in ttie progress of 
 the bloody scenes which ensued, iMscame props 
 of our glorious cause, in defence of our sacred 
 Uberftes. AH e^uid hfy nmv^e^» Let a few suf- 
 fice; Thomas Boyd, so often spoken of in the 
 wliderness for his good humor, his activity and 
 the intensity of his sufferings | struggled glori* 
 ously for his life as a captain, and died a dread- 
 fill death by the hands of the savages in 1779, in 
 the expedition condueted by general Sullivan 
 agfiin«t the Six-nation Indians, t Charles Porter- 
 fielihjMo. lost his life in the battle of Camden,, 
 whe|rK the station of a colon?]. Joseph Aston, 
 
 •See Note VII. 
 
124 
 
 of Lamb's/^ho served hik eeuntry tifireii|^eiil 
 tlM mBTf mid HHiv p^oiii«ited to a miileriljf • Dee-* 
 tor Thomas Gibsotr)' of Iieiidri(A^4% ^lio Cted ki 
 the nerfortimnee of his i^^p at tlilfi^allej Forge» 
 in ,pe itrlifler 4»f 1778. Robert CinmitMshaiiiy * 
 wealthy freeMder oflSmkh'Sf %hi^lierr litihlh. 
 ed the^ieedsrof thftt^9order> irhieli^ at ^bo eairly 
 . aa age, flurried Mm to the grave. lie Wsts n 
 younger |pt|«»tb^ ef that W^t^ellent eitteni; and 
 :?reque«t i^ireseBfatiVe of the j^Ofte of the 
 eounty of LUiieasteri J^atnes Cunniiighaiiu In 
 shorty mMif Dthei^ inlglit he meatliltied ki tlief 
 genera}^ as vinbrthy and well ia€»niied as ihdr 
 aaiperior^^ without^ in anywise, faiputiflg to <%e 
 la£ler» in «o iMiyin^, the slightest degree of dis^ 
 parageroent. This Will always he the ease, 
 wlieu the great hody of a nation rises in its 
 strength to defend its rights. Those who un- 
 derstand the point In. question, in a national ^s- 
 pttte, awi are nost strongly Impi^ssed with its 
 importauoe, will he the first to arm. This has 
 been, and ever wlU be, the dispositioa^f men la 
 ail ages past or to come, whenever their privile- 
 ges are invaded. Ofllees of prime importanee, 
 eanaot be obtained by sdl. Men of tiifonUi^ Qf 
 gealus and «o«irage must step into subordinate 
 stations* Boerates, ^l^ibiaiieil and Bemos^ 
 ^enes, Ibugh't in the ramies. 
 
 God in his great goodiiess grant, in the future' 
 Tietssitudes of the woHd, that our eountrymen, 
 niphenever their essential ri^its ^lall be attack- 
 ed^ wMI divest themselves of s^ party prejudieeV 
 and deii^te their lives and properties in jfefeuee 
 of the sacred ItbeiNies of their country, "il^out 
 any view to emokiment^ but thiit wl^h %hi«igs 
 ft-oui glorious a^ honorable actions. Ji^afcfon 
 me for frequent digression, upon this tu^leel 
 
125^ 
 
 irn- 
 
 lOS- 
 
 pafttoiilarlyi Ai irqr whole soul was bound up in 
 our causef you iipmt forgive jue^ The ^al upolo*' 
 gy isy we werej^^ll of ua* epIliiimBtie whigs* 
 
 When ujndbr guai^^f in llie^ m^ of the llr»t 
 
 of Jfinug|ry» coloqel lk|«. Dottgal> a Seoteh gonUe-^ 
 :qian» near nooot oani^ to review us: his pei^pil 
 was known to me at DetroUras an inti|ja(ate of 
 an unele^ three years before this tiine* The 
 eolonel was naturally polite and, kln^hearted* 
 HThen it eame to my turn to be oxamineds as to 
 name, plaee of births &e. besides making the 
 proper answers to bis inquiries> I was emliolr 
 dened j^o deelare^ that he was known to roe. I|e 
 seemed surprised^ but not displeased : a request 
 was immemately addedy « that he would order 
 me to be transferred to the quarters of the ofllr 
 cers,*' ** So, my dear boy,*' said he, " you had 
 f< better remain where you are ; the offieers, ar 
 <<you are in rel>eliion» may be sent to Bngland, 
 « and there be tried for treason.'' The adviee 
 of this venerable veteran, made an impression on 
 i»y mind, whieh was then agitated by a thousand 
 Vagrant Uioughts,and involved in doubt and un* 
 eertainty as to our destination. We thfn well 
 knew of the voyage of eolonel Etliaii j|jlen iii 
 England, and the manner oi^ it ; * and tmat 'Wt^; 
 George Merchant, our'l^llow soldito, but the 
 eonsequenoes were unkno^. It lieeame n^ de«» 
 termination to take the fatherly adviee of eolo- 
 nel M'Doiigal, fork was rea% delivered in iher 
 parental style^ and to adhere to it. ti[e brought 
 one of his sons, whom 1 ha4||^i^erty known, to 
 gee me |n the fbllowing day. ^^bout mid-day we 
 were eseorted to a ruinous moil^stery of thf or* 
 Jer of St. Franqis^ ealled the J^^'er^. It wa9 
 
 » See Note VII?. 
 
 I»2 
 
 «^. 
 
1^ 
 
 flfh ftninMtre 4imilrftngnl«r liiiIMiiigy etmti^liig»^ 
 if^ittifii it«iiiterlor'lmuiid»» lialfiui sere dr more/ 
 of an ureiiy wliiofi tteeittftd to be Vk» a' i^f^en o^' 
 fliirabbrrj. The inoi4t9» priecAi or vhtit iiot» 
 iirlioii^abitedthe1ioii«e, limstliaire beenibw in 
 number^ as for my part^ ntit ihoreiSuni iialf W 
 dozen c/f tllstinct TOces, earnte into my t!etir trhllc) 
 ire staid liere. We entered Ivv 4he grointdHoory 
 (^at is by ilieedlar^)tlie building on Ihat^idei 
 beln^ built on Ae declinatiott of the bill, Wbieb 
 ibi this part of the city is very uneven. Tfan 
 apartments on oirr ti^y ^s we entered* seemed 
 to be iSfied with governmental «rtoresy and of 
 provisions of all kinds. They made us mseend a 
 lai^ ^aircase intovan tqiper stpry* wbere we 
 welhB confpllmentei wiHi two sides, or iHtbera 
 pat^ Iff each of the sides of tht quadrangle. The 
 tvfiole birtlding woidd bave aeeommodated foul* 
 tbousand men, Monkisb spirit mast have been 
 in bigh vogue, Vhen so great a^Heeould be 
 ^reetira, merely from the ahns of tbe people, 
 and thiat too» ftmiro egregionsly absurd a par^ 
 ]po8e. The rangeB df tbe rooms, ^tougfa tfxiien- 
 iSiye in the leUfflh of the .galleries, were «mi^ hi 
 ifaeir size, behig scarcely more than teiii by 
 twelve or iburteen feet. The gfffleries w^ei>0 
 sdbout twelve iV;et wide ; many reomv w^re ebmr 
 ibttaiile, ofbers were dfiapidated. Ten or ado- 
 zen of our poor fvHowv, were eompressed Into 
 one of Ihese ^mall rooms, ^o mueh the better^ 
 as ^t lierved to keep them the warmer. Bt^d, 
 Cunningham, and a few of our inlimates, took 
 possession of a room near a bn*^ stovt. Tbe 
 fir^t week, weMslept m6st uncomfortably. Gra- 
 doiirOodl whiN;didvKemit sidrer. ' 
 
 It was now that we fully learnt the destinies 
 of our dear and revered general^ und bis compa- 
 
 t\ 
 
12T 
 
 ill 
 rlfn 
 rltlld 
 [oor» 
 ti^ 
 
 Th© 
 ltd a 
 
 idotis hi Hhvifh. But aflow me before iht tfdteH 
 of f bat sad storj, to give yoa an aneedote : Tfaip 
 merohaats of^QaelMscy like those of England ami 
 our eoaatrft are a Yplrfted and generous se^t hi^ 
 society : they applied to governor Carleton* antf 
 obtained leaYe# to malie us a «< new-year*8-f^.^ 
 This turned out to he no other than a large holt 
 of porter, attended by a proportionate quaittitf 
 of bread and cheese. It was a present which e x- 
 hnirated our hearts, and drew froui us mni^ 
 thankfulneis. We shared more than a pint per 
 nan. 
 Oeneral Montgomery had marched at the 
 
 SrecSse time stipulated, and had arrived at his 
 estined plaee of attack, nearly about the time 
 we attacked the llrst barrier. He was not one 
 lOiat would loiter. Colonel €ampbeH» "i^ of tb« 
 New-Torfc troops, a large, good-looking marif 
 who was second in command of that party, an€ 
 was deemed a veteran, aecompariled the army to 
 tbe assault f his station was rearward, genend 
 Montgomery, with his t&ftu, were at the point 
 of the coluinn. 
 
 * It is Impossible to give you a Iblr and cbmj^lete! 
 Idea, of the aature and situation, of the plaet^ 
 solely with the p^n — ^the pencil is required. As^ 
 the special per mifslon of goverment, obtained hgf 
 the good offices of captain Preitftis, in the sam- 
 mcT following ; Boyd, a few otiiers and myself, 
 reviewed the causes of our disaster; Ills there- 
 fbre in my power, so far as my alilllties wlH 
 ^rmlt, to give you, a tolerabk; notion of th« 
 l^e|^ Cape Blamond, aearly resembles the 
 
 ♦This was ^^tnyfpiend'Cefl. Thomas C«mpbell ^ 
 Yt)rk, (Penn.) ii|HWsa€ghtkg tbeibatkles df o«u:tilii»> 
 ttyatMstoa, % t 
 
128 
 
 «reat JulUag roek» v)ii«li is in the nat^ro^ivs ftt 
 Hunlei!*8 falftty on the Busquehannn. The rock» 
 ftt the latter iilaee* shoots but as Steepler as that 
 1^ (t<i^hec» but h^ no mean ibrms so arreat an 
 angle^ on the margin of the river ; but is more 
 eragg^. There is a stronger and more obvious 
 differenee in, the comparison. When you sur- 
 ipount the hill at St. CbarleSf or the St. Law- 
 rence sidcf whieh» to the eye are equally high 
 and steep, you find on Abraham's Plains, and 
 upon an extensive champaign country.^ They 
 birds-eye view around Quebec, bears a striliing 
 CfHiformity to the soites of Northumberland' ana 
 Pittsburgh in Pennsylvania f but the former is on 
 a ufeore gigantie scale, and each of the latter 
 "Virant the steepness and craggyness of the.back 
 ground, and a depth of rivers. This detail, is 
 to instruct you in the geographical situation of 
 Quebec, and for the sole purpose of explaining 
 the mannipr Qf general Montgomery's death, and 
 the reasons of our failure. From Wolf's cove^ 
 there is a good beaehf down to, and arouni) 
 f* Cape Diamond." The bulwarks of the city, 
 eame to the edge of the hill, above that place. 
 Thehee down the side of the precipice, slanting- 
 ly to the brink of the river^ there was a stock- 
 ade of strong posts, fifteen or twenty feet high,, 
 knit together by a stout railii%, ist bottom and 
 top with pins. This was no mean defence, and 
 was at the distance of one hundi*ed yards, from 
 the^ point of the rock. Within this palisade^ 
 and at a few yards from the very point itself» 
 there was a like palisade, though it did hot run 
 so high up the hill. Again, within Cape IHaniond^ 
 and pmJiably at a ilistance of fifj^ yards, there- 
 st«M»d a block-house, which seei|mUi take up t1t« 
 spaoe> between tha foot of the hn> and tlieprcif*' 
 
 
 I 
 
129 
 
 eipitotti btmk «f "^ «4f«p9 ^^^^^ ^ ektiy^fi 
 •r patsage fiii«eii«ii tide ^f It. When lieightna 
 and dittomet are itj^^ ^t, fon must veco^ 
 leety that the deMrkitioli «»f Cape Iliamend and 
 itt rfcMtj) Ib meireiy that af th« eye» made as 
 it nme ruDBitiffy aader the fn9|ieetiaii of an ofll-* 
 e0P.' The remv af the groaad, efa> anav had 
 aeted apan» itm aeeorded u«f as a {mrtiealaif 
 fator. Kwem to ha^e tteiiped Hie spaeea in i£ 
 foraial laaaRer, wou^M hate been diahonoraUe^ 
 if Bot a V speeies of treawn. A Mdek-hoose^ 
 if well eonB^^oted) la an admiriMe melted of 
 defenoe, whieli la the proeeBs af ^he wai^f to 
 our aatt^ was fulfyexpeHeneed. la tilie inBtavree 
 ■ow hefdve UBy (tlieagh the heuBe was aet built 
 apan die most appraved pi^efpleB^) yet it was a 
 formidable object. It was a square of perliapB 
 forty ar fifty feet. The lar^e legs neatly flqaar- 
 edv were ^htly bouad together^ bydoTe-tail 
 work. If 4iot maeh iniBtakieny the lower Btoiy 
 contaiaed loop-lioleB Ibr mifBketry» bo narrowi 
 that those within, eould not be harmed froiii 
 wtthout. The upper Btonr, had four or more 
 port hoieBy for aannoa of a large eidibre. Thescf 
 gunr^vrereehaxgeA with grape ar eaonlster shotj^. 
 and were pointed wiili exactness towards Ihei 
 aVeanef at €i^ )>iamond. The hero Hfontgo-^ 
 mer^ eaine. The drowsy or drunken guard/ 
 d^ not hear the sawing of the posts of the filrsft 
 palisade. Here, if not ^ery erroneouB, Ibir postij 
 were BaWed and thrown aside, bo as to adtnit 
 four men abreast. The column eatei^ed with a 
 manly fbrtitude. Montgonieryy aeeomfMinled bf 
 hisaidB^ M^'^erBon and CheesemanV advanoew 
 kl front. Arriving at the seeoifd paln(ade> the 
 gipneral, with ^ aiim ^imd^y "itiwed deF#ii t^ 
 of the pieketSf m Bueh a manner^ aafi iidiuit 
 
 't^ 
 
130 
 
 two men abreast. ' Theie sawed piekeU» were 
 close und^r the |iill» and but a few yards from 
 the very point of the roek» out of the yiew and 
 :fire of the enemy* firom the bloek^house. Until 
 our troops adraneed to the point» no harm eould 
 ensue* but by stones thrown from above. Even 
 now* there bad been but an imperlbet: jfiseovety 
 of the advancing of an enemy* and that only by 
 the intoxicated guard. The guard fled* the gen- 
 eral advanced a few paces. A drunken sailor 
 returned to his gun* swearing be would not 
 forsake it while undischarged. This fact is re* 
 lated from the testimony of the guard on the 
 morning of our capture* sonie of those sail-^ 
 ors hc^ our guard. Applying the match* this 
 single dasehare* deprived us of our exeellenti 
 commander.''^ 
 
 Examining the spot* the oflleer who escorted 
 un* prolbssing to be one of those» who first came 
 to the place, after the death of the general^ 
 showed the position in whith the genenu's body, 
 was found. It lay two paces from the brink <» 
 the river* on the back, the arms extended-^ 
 Cheeseman lay on the iSft* and M«Pherson on* 
 the right* in a triangular position. Two other 
 brave men lay near them. The ground above 
 described* was visited by an in^isitive eye* so: 
 ^at you may rely with some implicitness* on 
 the truth of the fietim. J^s all danger fVom^ 
 without hi^d vaaiwdf tW iiii^^ 
 only permiltfNl the mmttrtid pdliNesi to re-l 
 main* witjbout |N»i#!»iMi|» eael^sure* but the^ 
 very stieks* sawod by tWe hanJI ^f our eiiHnman*: 
 der* itiHI htaji s||N|Md alwt the ^ot. % # 
 
 ^fiilmt^mmil'^ appdkd fty . the death ot: 
 the jQfliypli:^ j^^ from Cape- 
 
 ,11 
 
 'U^ ,<H^-;'.- %^^:<v*#t'^*:l 
 
 '*- 
 
vrtv 
 from 
 w and 
 Until 
 eould 
 Even 
 jovety 
 
 ily by 
 e gen- 
 sallor 
 d not 
 is re- 
 in the 
 sailn 
 
 , m% 
 
 ellenli 
 
 )orled 
 eame 
 Qeraly 
 1 body. 
 inlL of 
 ded— - 
 (on on* 
 otlier 
 above 
 
 l^e^ SO: 
 
 BSf on 
 
 iVdniv 
 
 tdnc^ 
 
 to", re-?. 
 
 ittho' 
 
 unniui- 
 
 'j^ :;■ V,-' -I ' 
 
 iOiof; 
 
 l*K- 
 
 m 
 
 IMamond, out of the reaoh of the eannbn ioif^Uie 
 bioek-housey and pretendedly called a eoumil 
 of offieersy who, it was sald» jiistifled his reeed- 
 ing from the attaelc. If roshbig on, as military 
 duty required, and a brave man woold have 
 done, ^e bloek-house might hate been oeoupied 
 by a small number, and was anassailable from 
 without, but by eannon. From the bloek-house 
 to the eentre of the lower town, where we 
 were, there was no obstaele to impede a foree 
 so powerful, as that under eolonel Campbell. 
 
 Cowardiee, or a want of good will towards 
 our cause, left us to our nSserable Ihte. A 
 junction, though we might not eonquer the for^ 
 tress, would enable us to make an' honorable 
 retreat, though with the loss of many valuable 
 lives. Campbell, who was ever after eonnkler- 
 ed as a poltroon in grain, retreated, leaving the 
 bodies of the general, M^l^erson and Cheese- 
 man, to be devoured by the dogs. The disgust 
 caused among us, as to Cam^U, was so grcAt 
 as to create the unchristian wish, tliat heimght 
 be hanged. In that desultory period, though^he 
 was tried, he was acquitted ; that was also the 
 case of colonel £nos, who deserted us on the 
 Kennebec. There never were two men mor# 
 worthy of punishment of the most exemplary 
 kind. ' :;v', 
 
 On the third or> fourth of January, being as 
 it were domesticated in the sergeant's megs, ia 
 the regMUers, a file of men headed by an officer^ 
 called to conduct me to the seminary. Adher- 
 ing to the advice of colonel M^Dougal, the in-^ 
 vitation was declined, t« *igh the hero Morgan, 
 had s^icited this grace from governor Carle- 
 t^fi* and had sent me a kind and pressing pesi^. 
 sage. My reasons, which were explained to 
 Morgan^ In addition to the one already glTcn, 
 
138 
 
 offtcfttted i^vciblpr on my mind. Hatiag Im. 
 Ml my. «i9th«i m Ihe wilderaeM» e«e^ th»M 
 im my h^tkt and thflwe aeqiiiired bjr ilie pm- 
 yiA»n$, and ^ealiiltiMifr flfiril ol general Maot^ 
 gaBilei7» iMiirHig remained at aur %iiarter8» and 
 ba^me a prey lo tita wamaa add mvalidf 
 9€ tKa lurwjr : aolhlag veuiaiaad Uttlag me ie 
 anp^ar in campaior anywhere, JUIdUiwuillyy 
 ii had beeomie a rc^ttlio% lilien leaving Lan* 
 easteri. as my absenaa urovU gso near to break 
 tbe hearts of mjr patenter aavieff ta bteafc upoa 
 my worthy fhrnr^i paflrsew Dire nee^aaky earn- 
 felled me i^ rea^iad Ihle retolwtianln paati, in the 
 iKttdetiiefSft hoi that eirenmslaaaep made me 
 tha mate ffeterattned to adtarer to tha resalire 
 aClarliiarda, Agaloi. wt^: intianate friends were 
 not m the eemiiMiry. Steele Wae la lUe haspl^ 
 tely and SimpeoDy 1^ pr^iaue emnniimd an the 
 f^tonniaglsleof CM9an«9 whieh»„ft^nAM8 frnHr« 
 falaasA mdf became^ as it were^ ear stoae-houae** 
 Add ta all. these reasons $ it eoald n^ he sidd 
 %i the gentf emeni in the Seminary ^ they are 
 m^ wtimates^*' exeept as la eaflain Morgan^ 
 and hbutenant F. Nmhids of Bbndriek's^ Bed- 
 sides my leather smaH-etolhesy aM im tHtters> 
 IM been east away^ and a imvage aavering 
 ad^ed^ antil more anspieiovs times eame. But 
 eren nowy an idea of eseape and vengeanee in^ 
 flamed the hreaats of maayf and We were here 
 hi a maeh aiq^rior situation Ihr saeh a purpase^ 
 than that of the seaiiEiary* Mkire aC this here-* 
 aflei^* AU t^ae ^ts and oireumstanee8» in-* 
 dujced an evasion of the Mendlji^ salieitatlon of 
 tli^ hind-hearted Morgan, 
 
 Qti tlie thM day of oiir eiq^tmpey the generaae 
 Carletan despaldhed a flag to J^mM^ to ohtap 
 
 ♦ fiee ^oti^ X» 
 
133 
 
 What trilling baggage we had left at our quar- 
 ters; mine UFas either forgotten, or miseraUe M 
 It 1va«9 bad been plundered ; but as gm»d luck 
 iirould have it, the knapsack of of onrlLlexaii- 
 der Nelson of our company, who wfts killed when 
 running to the first barrier, was disclaimed by 
 1^1 of our nken. Yoiir father in oonsefiuenee, 
 liliid violent hands* upon the spoil. It furnished 
 Bo^d und myself, with a large, but coarse blue 
 lil^nketi /called a «^ strong" and a drummer^s 
 regimental coat. The blanket became a real 
 comfort, the coat an article of barter. It was 
 on this day, that my heart was ready to burst 
 "With grief, at viewtOg the funeral of our belov- 
 ed generaH. Carieton had, in our former wars 
 with the French, been the friend and fellow- 
 soldier of Montgomery. Though political opin- 
 ion^ perhaps ambition or interest, had thrown 
 these worlfaies, on different sides of the -great 
 question, yet the former, could tiot but honor 
 the remains of his quondam friend: About noon, 
 the procession passed our quarters. It was most 
 solemn. The eofiln covered with a pall, sur- 
 mounted by transverse swords — was borne by 
 men. The regular troops, particularly that 
 fine body of men, the seventh regiment, with 
 reversed armis, and scarfs on the left elbow, ac- 
 companied the corpse to the grave. The funerals 
 of the other officers, both friends and enemies, 
 were performed this day. From many of us, 
 it drew tears of affection for the defuiict, and 
 s|i>eakingfor myself, tears of greeting and thank- 
 fulness, towards general Caripton. The soldie- 
 ry and inhabitniits, appeared affected by the 
 16si3 of this invaluable man, though he was their 
 enemy. If such men as Wnsbington, Carieton 
 and Montgomery, had had the entire direction 
 
 M 
 
i]^a9 (if TO, w«mW l<|ok,) i<9. a. mpP9 difi(« 
 s:<^al^4)jf oiw^ arjftei? w iifteri^ pft9«^ qui? Awdf 
 
 s^^j^ til, 1^% |C||^tjbie?ii luen* nm^i^ ofopiifteA 
 
 ]^lt> i$^;0ii qtjii^ ^^fr^T^^ifi wm ei^tei»4^ 
 |^on4 tisf hei4, as. If iii tip© a»t «rf imS'^^9' »^ 
 .<in^^ kaei^ cropl^ a^A ws^ sisefliiogly^ vwhiwi 
 lif l9^ g^so^d i|^ t|i(e agpaies 9$ deatjh., Curup 
 «ya^^^9^ ' eivtt wars mHeh exjUm^sh tfce sopi^ 
 %^es. pI i^aal^ind^ ^4 apif|ili^i|ii^ ||ie 9trpDg|(|| 
 ^na^aast A 4^oA af tear« iray, epiiA^qxiept, 
 ^^Qiigh I^ipntgoiQ^ry wat Im^ipi^ kei^aan^. p( 
 fc^, n9ui^iifi.«is of^9lvlii^l|o^.]|i^^f^aM«il9^ 
 ' 0f ]ii$uiii^r#,|, K^ mf ttanii^^si flw? 
 
 (|. si^iiie aii^f^% q^Uli^fib iwwd «iB^i#y foi: 
 (p^ eqdunia^ei^ we u^rweajt ia <M>i||tt||<^PDii 
 yi^mk «afprced. maay a t^ai?; stSU «I3[ ^wtajW* 
 imb4 lost bretUreni^ tbpMgfi in ham|de sftatfom 
 
 9^i ti^Qm wh^m eam^ oiapy atj^njUofis tawai?d% 
 * m^^ fp^d, iaeJl9Qi^4y spiiiiatipii^ Ffpm wh»)( 
 
135 
 
 htiad relative to t^e ** Beftd-lNrale^*^ jrt^Q tnlgb^ 
 eoBcliide that genehil Carkion ymt lti£aiikaikfe ^ 
 liard^hearted. No such thiiigf. lit thiii ikbrthertt 
 iatftiidey at this seaiou of the y^ir^ acttsdrding to 
 iiiyf<Beliog8j (wehadi|otkeriiioinetei^9)ilr( wea- 
 tlieir ^'aa so cold, at liftnally to be iiiaii|^^ degr^ea 
 below o» A iroundy if tnortal» or eireti otb^)^'*^ 
 wkef cas^ tbe party WotiMed Into tbe soow i if 
 dc^b sbouM M16w» it ilirdwil tbe \ibfibi^)r iatii 
 taiioUB ttttitiide|» i^llleb ai^ ia^siifilk^ iii th6 eit- 
 tretiie ^in at^oiri^nyin^ deiktb. The mo^etit 
 death t<bi^^ plaee^ the froii Ites thie tiMibt hi 
 ^kat^T«He^ rilttati<im Ukei m l|iiktn>^^^ be; 
 
 aM irbitll eiintiot be Sr^Aii^^ lb idbeidat 6Mktr 
 iiidmh^# al^ tbk^vte^; Ih this ^ii^/ the bddleil 
 ^tlie ^in^#e dep6$ited In tho <« ^d-jh^use,^* 
 imr^ a» i^. ^t this t^a^ ^ the vetth th«^ 
 eaim In friiae^ from two to fire "MH ie^pf Im* 
 fieaetn^le td ttie beat i^ek-ate, in ih^ bauds dt 
 IhD ^toitteisi maiif^ 111^1% Wi^ itdlj |^ ai 
 
 juytiHealio^ of th^ ^<d(id^M^X It ik H^ 
 iie w obserf alioii, << t^ eiimk^ Bi*itt th^ liiaii-^ 
 ^< neriabihftbitudes of the ^i^^.*^ 
 
 On the h<Bxt day, (JTailiBirif 4th^) we W^ tis- 
 lied by c^ohel fSbellsiiiii an ^Id miav attend^ 
 bjT other otieersj ibr k j^eliHa^^ui^s^^ Oibt iS|: 
 to aseertahi who an^iig its wef^ b^ni iii £aro(i^* 
 Vft bad tnai^ Iri^hmeii, and some Biglishiiieil:^ 
 The question was pat to eateh; those who adi^^ 
 mitted i^ British birth, were told they miA 
 serve hHi majesty ia eoloael MadleWs visp 
 meat, a Mew eolps, eilled the c<eiiiigi*anis.^^ 
 Oar poor fellowsriinder th^ fbarfitl pi^hiHy d? 
 b^iAg earried to Brill^iil, th^^ to be tried toff 
 treasoO^ were oompelled by nfeceddty^ and ihail^' 
 Of them did enlist., l^wo of theb, tei^ braVe 
 ]iien> Edward Cavenaugh and Timothy Connerj^ 
 
 
ia6 
 
 deservfi to be named^ iMaiiii^ of a pattioulaF oc- 
 currepjbe whiok hap|K;ied sliotrtly Afterwards t 
 'jChetie Xw(^ niiei^ aiQio^giO^e^s,. called upon ipc 
 tbiv m j^4i^vlei^ b<^' ita iie<.| Sidings at that ihu^j 
 neiUieJI^a la^j«ir liidi* a catui^t^ tliey liad my opl-r 
 nio^ a!9C9;rdiQg to tile dmtates of natiiiref aikj 
 spnikesii^t readitig. 'Jt'liai 4li» tl|kt t^ 
 enlist,, for a.caaatrainiE^^^B^tt; ji^ Ibe^ ^piilid 
 ne> :COuld not be Ibindi^g ^ |h¥ eoiiipcieiice : ii^nd 
 &jr; alLjaeans to join our arSd^ Is jmvo^ fl^^ 
 ^al^e^ 1(licy enlisted uni^jti^nptl^ that 
 tie ;path was |um-ob)lgal^i^» and a Iw^e of a 
 spjBeily rf^tiirn to tlieir sweet-liearts and wiyes, 
 AIioii^ m^ l^r^ to i^ec^iit» by j^ 
 the rendue of die adventures of >< honest If <ed«?' 
 I^ is dii^ ^l» lim,^ i^ he' sayed Hw i^ 
 tBat o^ Stnipson^ on the <<fiiead rtrer«*v T%i 
 wards the ^mot January, Caveaaugh and €oii^ 
 ner, hi^pened to eompose a part of the same 
 guikrd at Palace-gate» whj^re the walls are from 
 Siirty to forty feet li]gti,i . independently of the 
 deeliyity. of. the hill, va^yenaugh was stationed" 
 as a sentry ifi eoi\||inctioil:^yith ope of the Bri- 
 tisl| pa;!|y« , Coiuier had .prooi^red a bottle of 
 tuin f^ eomjii^ tp the s^^n* he drtink himselfV 
 a|id^ pf«s^nt^d tl^e bpt^^e to t^i^ Briti^li: sentry^ 
 WluWtbi^lat^rw^^ act of drinking, Cai 
 
 yrehaiigh gay^r I'i'n a push with the butt of his 
 musli^t, wiiich^ stunned and hrpught him to the 
 earth. Takiiighis arm s^ they sprung over the 
 wailintp a bed of snow^ perhaps twenty five feet 
 d«|p« Tliis averment epneerning the depth of 
 t^ Slip w» may appear probiematical^ as we know 
 Dp^^itn^ like it ifi our climate, l^^orm np defini-: 
 tive. ui>ip4pn until . you have , heard the reasons, 
 wl^y it. does happen. As you; may reeoSiect 
 
137 
 
 fiti- - 
 
 ■5'.' 
 
 „iwv^p-. 
 
 .d 
 
 s^^etifd iHiiwideftiii thislinemoiiry where the ai- 
 p«Hj^i> cd^ M Ij^uetlee ww^ is intiHiatecH and ,m 
 <te|N3[i9q^oil of ite el&etf atienipted---such as fci^^ 
 f iieBti annw-ifti^nis ism^ fierce Mods. In the r 
 ]|Miith^0C:^aouaifyy pftrtiiiuIaHy» when the snow 
 luii^inia*fiuied toi a;depCh of seve feet t^er thr 
 ^f j^i^ ih^: eipntr^i neitwltbstandiiig the s^juiin|^ 
 (HT^ihe^Jiiiil^l^ ooldls io greatf that thosie wladar 
 ^IxTit ^e^silfl^.daily^ ;ag»iast tlie high raiit^i|(.»' 
 of theibil^r where k forms i^ eompfict mass^-^cr 
 last «tr«tam beini; llighi and dry» as th^'^^fin^l 
 sandr which iiia^ be whirled by the wind. Cmii^ 
 ilsi^]§\$k«^^ ^^^ into suoK a 
 
 mik bti4»r 3^ir disfidv^tage Qonusted ii| sisk** 
 in^^ifi^ 4<^{}|^0ijbe hei^hth of the jN»^^ ^ongingp 
 tl^lsi defepfn" (iiaa #rdiiiai^ wdking would 4(i^ 
 made it^iffieiiltfbi^ Iheiato extricate thenMelteiu 
 She netief^guard cuitie in tiiae to give them » 
 T^Uey, :as they were scampering a wily. Th|^iil(« 
 $ft Ccc^y my worthy Irishmen escaped iuih^rn|e4»: 
 ^hpiighafilhejr passed through St. 9<»^e^ tlbi^ 
 iKere - c^mldtfiienled by several disehai^s 0i 
 eannister ^nd grape-shot, l^his was th^ fy^ 
 notice we had of the escape of our daring ^ieiMli,^ 
 We ineard next mornings i^ the miioiiitise tfom 
 those; who guarded us.^ Caven^ugh isi still ali«e-4^ 
 is lab^ptpu#> ami has a lai^ fiMpI^ of ehildreilj^ ^\ 
 who are resp«tetable in, their in^ay* Yoiit eanil^ " 
 eoaceive theJc^ousnessof:my b^f^t* when.h<sar-> 
 ing of hita« in nay peregpihatfwBs- a tjQiwj^ara 
 fiance, in the niountainoul partt of ITiiA^if^^^ 
 The pittance then spared hin»» it is hoped will 
 ^ake you nerer the poorer. The ^assembly 
 jiNT Peiinsylvania have granted, him^ a peniiom. 
 for iwhiipfc: tliat hoo»r$ti>le ihody Jiave- i»y jnoH 
 fervent, falessii^* Old age and decrepitude^ b^ 
 ik^i ^xtrei»it^ of our. iiil^riiipiis br^ligb^ !^^ 
 
 ,.*-.>- 
 
 
 *v . Ml 
 
m 
 
 tuns. We levted our «o»Mti7'4Ui)ifully^'iMB^ 
 tlilUatd dajF, it u raallj fMiaiiA td olit^vyv^^^^ 
 sf^flt mf the publie* liielmd to fi9iflipeiiMit# th^ 
 wtfmni of ma and 19^76^ /$k jiMieli^r^^^^ 
 
 lervior << Honest Ned,*^ irWefe epUbel lie Mm 
 mnmkghU w^Agkbomh hf viitf^ baliiif ^sg 
 t Tiee^ beK| eite^ed, TlmoU^ Qmmm^mm 
 tile foirtrarf , peeiee(^ the ett ^ aefuiHnl^ 
 Afei^tliy mat pM> Mi Ik eomjpeteiMiVy bet !#•€' it 
 ittjbeeqkieet^ byt hi« fk»e%» |K|iioh bo 
 atfteif^togrmeriiolfliilii}^ ii . . . - v 
 
 aV% tbe middle of Jenmii^^ we wete^ «etae# 
 dee» iiitio |iil|it& toinetbiRg like bousebeld er^ 
 #y ; tbe^ 1^ eoi44 eeoAooiie^ftredii^efiibiji 
 VpMi^r^f iie)^ Ihejf^ eoi^ld bete aeed ttiore^ Cl«# 
 dttilj fii^sioo eonfisted #f e blieiiit tnede ef « 
 eo'4f se nietil, fiNiee eoeMBtbiBip jUie our ebep^i 
 9^1 v^ery ^dtee ebeflT ^ eiravPr belf en fneb In 
 len{{tbi we$^ i'oend m tkWtpe^tef bread. A 
 IfjbieliitN^ Ibe ftiaie of a eake of gingepbfeadi 
 mmyf^ w^ wilb ue fot ae^t, wee tbe iMly allew^ 
 liliiol^tbieartkile: half a fieuad ef frnkw w 
 ^a|^e %ita»ter» of a fiotfnd of beei; Ihoiigb theee 
 ymm epofa saltedi even m as te^ be uneomfiii. t»- 
 bldH-^ttey were of Irish prepa#allottf feiribape i<utr 
 tbe^i^a^i^vioe : aoomp^ent ailowenee of b«lter> 
 Of iginelly incf yet now raneld fveandks^ molas^^. 
 8i8» and eten vint^^ :-«4bie last jarUelOy so lenf|! 
 as it could be amrded nSf was a preservative 
 i^ieei the disorders whieb nnwi^ingly we were 
 llhbibin^ daily. Knowing the diffienltiee nnder 
 >^li^ me garrison laj*»-foes at tbD gales, and 
 
 nneerlainty of sneeouri the gofernor wim 
 tht of ^ hyvmi with sii^ar alMWaiees^ that 
 _^ I'to be made to our own- genen^, in eir* 
 il&titia0e0 ef emii ftaoMog neeess^f*^^ Frsm 
 
i3« 
 
 •i *' •* 
 
 all^iafoniisttai «ttaiiilM» #ii mir part, we* ineiift 
 M vWell tffeaieil at ^iom of tbe garriMi% wii« 
 lh«d!a»i)i6 sakne kMs: of food, execfit «i to 
 l^joaiV iHiMi^ deprivalkMi' was ^ more mae^eial 
 UuM iii|«iiMMi to our men. * K Is graiefal to. mjp 
 hmfftflMimtm romember aad repeal^ilie benero^ 
 lenl MMitiiiiir tbii nilldiketi aM littliiatiUy cftf4 
 «le44»'ttj^«iiM^irard»*tiif virti^ wvAnM 
 
 Wm waAtttitapMe €arletoii» He was a getttttim 
 tepMretenlaHveei^tllOfeiitilily oftlii^irhh i»atioil# 
 wbiiek ia«ii#4iite#itedl/ Unioita for (li# prtidae*^ 
 Mmof TiMl lieroiee,^^rilillo> statesBieniy andlr 
 gea ^po olty «iid'tiiaAPl)y/ef aiaaitere* ?rHe wat of 
 gee^tvoiuidoorr apr^^aew amdk k^iit fall 
 
 of the #iri« of ^ fihiloRdiiiofy,! oriidl^i tiiark« tko 
 ioal?||;*iUie«iaiu <' 11^ nad^ ob> levcral vlrits^ m 
 iM of filileliilM5^«e»ae4r laeii^^ o ioliol^ 
 
 taie ftr oar ^ ^w^ftire$t%Hlio«l airy ^liQlster tie W| 
 ittt^U ao a aedoetioiK from our |irki(^piea» &e« 
 limDiegranted is eveqr abcdmnsoi^ltoAy his 
 trjfittg eitoalion a«tborized» ih%m ean be no 
 iloubt. Bborlfy alltr die time now spoken of» 
 wo were coi^iieied to the Daopiiin Jail. Before 
 we quit tboreguUeri^ adaiiit nie^tol^tajfe to yon 
 iiMnetliiog' more» relatsi^'to oar miimier tof m^ 
 io^ tberei OMfy ryoatkfi^ appiedle reoaired and 
 demiadeda gi«ftCer ^OiKily of J»oa tbati wo 
 then eajoyedk We wanted ifN>ont» Jt6t oidjr io 
 Our own oieit^ liiil tliroiii^oiH ^e whole eorpel 
 3^iere was no moot^ amoii^ tie to |ii»«ehajie saeli 
 Hff Unplemeatt oiid if tborohad beetv aaid ojppor# 
 t««% hod oiRired^ it it likel,T tlie jeaioosgr of ^ 
 ooramentt wi^sld hate deprived oe ofthenirif 
 ibrmed of motaiofai^'ldnd; ^^ c a 
 
 :l^lie ila^r being wt ttie mdoa^ng m eord if 
 llrood^ a mreli Mleh^ the eufy pieee of Mivr^ wood 
 hi tile loijdi^^ai oogtMg^ laid hofid^of^ aMtikopiio 
 
mj. 
 
 was 8IKI0 fbrmeil fdr> my «o^r. uise. hokmouHt 
 niadle a part of oiirVdiunial food. TkM<4#Mit/ 
 ihoud|i Wllgar, conveys to onet who^ whev^luuB^ 
 
 Si^^ ails**tiiiitod thfi dUh^ some agreeable^ ideiMi; 
 mong^oldierB and sailors it is esteemed equal 
 t6' ih^^ «<^^lia;«Fiodrida'' :df tho^SfiafBaydSf aa^l 
 neai4;f SO' to tbD ;l« speksk and oyer^f; lof tliviGror*!^ 
 maiii y it id^^eertaiily more noarkliiag ihan wliai 
 i&0v latter eiH<«ivsUer spi^^^f aaid Aven i^^n^al 
 |ilfii|>'^ W« plat ottr^Ue birouH-kito Min vessek 
 #ttit asufhn^lqiiantity of vMitev; 4adi (lermil^ 
 edit to'steW'Oa tirat tttoife, aafil tliere wasaiier^ 
 Hbct aiiK!si|agc^ some thin slkiesof baeottiistr(tlifi 
 r^sbrvlrW tHe last niealv) wctre^ tliea adfled^^f oe 
 i^me- M 41hi skiinmittgs oft tbe iioHers^ but inUisI 
 »iiiiiUj^ tiieiaacirf butter^ (wMehnrat thus mado^ 
 palatable :J) Iw^hea these swstanees were vcdi in^ 
 coi^miratea with Uie bisoulti a^few:spoonTfiiIls>of 
 iiM^lasses finished the dish* This was the ordi- 
 nary breakfast^ and'a good one^' when we eould 
 ^on it into our mouths^ My ^poon therefore^ 
 wa^ an article in great demands and of prime 
 neees^it^ The prodmition of one spoony ereat-' 
 eid a desire for more^ ; they were maniifaetured 
 in ab^ifidaaoe^ by ihp meiliis of two knives^-^a 
 crefi^ aad a inlallf but always disposed of, tor 
 mseiilt. Spoons wer6 made as large a» «mall 
 holies, sbnie wi^ a deer at fuM stretchy a hound 
 fhiirsuihg^— an Indian sitting^--« liea7er<-t^aAd 
 |#en(y other defaces were inireiitefit and tolerably 
 w^i earved. iScrnie^eame to five biscii^ jmiM^ 
 toten^ and ohe in pavticukr al twenty^ wbidfe^ 
 liiy frieudfi, thought worthy of the aeeeptance;^ 
 Ihe gawnmori ftui eare wastlaken. not to preip^ 
 il4 ^BtK^rd' iand Cittnnlngliata , bai^fidly luraMpiSI^ 
 Mia #»bd*: ti'lttl» ivt^iboiiU jEj»st^l^tt|^^ 
 
 t4 
 
 
J. -1 - "iM 
 
 P--:-^>. 
 
 i^# 
 
 U-y-cf^ 
 
 '^'XijIT 
 
 WM"- ' -■> •■ v* 
 
 >*. •**^ 
 
 r* .->*" . 
 
 wP 
 
 |l:>t 
 
 '"^"T, 
 
 
 our slender diet. But we h^ other reaourees^ 
 w^j^li were hy no means niBgleeted^ Henry 
 Urone^ a weU bred yoiii|g fnaPf descended from 
 a w<irtliy and r^speeitable ftimily ofTprkooimty^' 
 PenoyByivaiiiaf ipiieb my rsliibr, \mi wNn was 
 kpbwn- to me dutii^ bis a|i^renLticfeship at Laa^ 
 caster^ kad difiiipated agoM f^tttine ^ the gam^ 
 ]nj^talile»; ke was a scfi^ilhit of fiendriek^* 
 Miserable as was^ oar predieameatr the. demon 
 ojf play had in^itd^ llsiBlf among as^ tkough 
 there -was neitkeir ]q»#Q^.Bor dotbingf but that 
 upofi our baoks^ and <mi? dnity tll*ovi^ions to 9port 
 ^ith^. fip^e^i^^ most usu^ 
 
 ^ly ataga«i« ofid}ed^<< ^1-fours/' ii^^bi^h Croa^ 
 Va^ ^ reiib adcfl. JHe ; ^as a : di^l dbg,^ , ai|4 
 Biimk ineUped/to pl^ with and beat the Yan-. 
 ^eeSj^ as he iermoA them. M be*, 
 
 ingeompelled by thelnelemeney of the season^ 
 to leave our uneomfortable bed, paeing the ave- 
 Dues in front of our eells for exercise and 
 warmth, drawing aside the eurtaln of the gambn 
 ling room ^01*9 Which Wfts no otlier than a 
 thread-bare blankelf Cr<»ne was seen aiid lieard, 
 with bleared. ey^s rand a voeifeiMius yoiee, after 
 a night's sittings, eoiitending f^ a biscuit, with 
 as much spirit and; beat»|ftft most probably to 
 had done in fpr mer times fbr M^j or a hundred 
 dollars. The imssioniifgamiiigy is almost an in^ 
 explicable trait in the huniap charaetef, the; 
 poor, the Hch» the savage and the eiviliped, are 
 e^Haiiy: its deiM>|«e8.r .Thf} greatiefl and the 
 ^st are alike |iul^Cict|Ui -Hi ^eii^oi^^^ €Fioa% 
 poor dog, was^on^ of theiJi^yqted. > • i It/ 
 Montgoineryr m hi^ care J^r A?HOld*s. |Mirty>: 
 besides an exeeUeat ^aakc^t coat, had assigned 
 to each man a new rjed regiuien^^aljcct^ of tke 
 aevfiii.tb^ ojT some other) r^imeniilf utatitned iti 
 
142 
 
 i}» npipti* eeuotry. Thl» islotliiiiff bad beeiir 
 Mixed at Montreal. Cr<m^» in tbe a{Visoii> had 
 iired well. He hmA ob^ned a )al*ge vupeirfiiiet 
 broad-'daifb eoat, taefa m m iv^ni by the i^^^ge^-^ 
 ant^DiaJiit* ef thib BHthb army^ wbkb ** Iftted 
 him like n iihirt.'* He was se totally devoid t»f 
 earer t^at he never enee applied tb the taylors 
 of ibearniyy %he Were eiitpl«»yt$d by tb^ ^ubikv 
 to it the eoat to hk baek^ and to ieW tl>eM«^ 
 Mrly. VfhtH W1M still ibolPeiaiighaMe, liehatf 
 ao poekets to this eOat, ttttteis y<M^ iiiay tiaH tbir 
 ilaifael suoh; wbieh Itic^riorly Hoed' m^ laptf 
 petSf and bore ^ aiilNBin^ 
 dangling about his bM#» Grone Wbs raeett6us 
 and elever I lie httd ail ai^tion for iiie% OfteM 
 ab<»iit daylight bte wenld eettn^ to Ibl'blAnl^ll 
 and w^fcen me^ an4 sb^ke ^e lii^t« of bit 
 eoa^ He would nay •<l>iAnitfe jriiek» bereft 
 some thing fbr yon,^* and WMld ibree apon m^g 
 len^ fifteen, iind severel tinies^ even thilrty bls^ 
 enits/ With all bis vioe^ be bore a gr^al sbarif 
 of my esteem, fbr tbe goodness or bis beiin;. 
 When ilMuek oeettrie<l» thef^ was a retundiiig 
 on my part^ bat it sel^m happeiied. Oar otber 
 retfonree was William MCoy, a sergeant of 
 Bittdrieks^g a^ ekeelleni eterk^ wlio came into^ 
 Ikvdr ^tbo Governorf by givibg to m^or mnt^ 
 ray of the garHson, a genniii^ eony of bis jonm^ 
 y of the rente, tbrongh tbe WildeHieiis into Ca^ 
 nadak He was a sedate and senftibte inaa. He 
 wai; Installed '<derk ef the klteheni^ atfdl put 
 s^mueh in mkid of Gil Blas^elerk« The eooky 
 whom M*Coy ^rbttked^ Wait H Very Bonifaee^ 
 ki i^ompllibm^ts and a 6a»eho Fanssa In ro- 
 inndlty. He M^s of Tlii^<^s or Dearborne*^ 
 Of^pany. Believe me, thM tbei^e two men^ wei^ 
 eoiirted J^ oar biit^l^ wi^«i among the^s<id«e'i^ 
 
143 
 
 fllt«ii, %ytoyhy^niiy» ftt would kme boen the oa«§ 
 illld Ihiiy he^ii ilie iiini^tf^r* ^ a ^ijent Etale^ 
 Wliatoduklyoii ^uppoM.to lie tbe <4u<;et qf suob 
 ««rvUUy ITaej^laiiH-'-The bolHiig iitep»Ui» wer^ 
 1,^0 viBqr, luipgo of^ppienu A bpilinc pf p«rk« pr«N 
 ^iieeid j| gretil quiiqlitj of liquid mt» wliiph tbo 
 men ealled W)i^4^ Ilie diiumdagi cmslHuted 
 the impiertaiiee of Ibe 04)9k», wbo luMe a proit 
 &Qii^ ill bjr teUif^ it to oertaiii tMeemen <^ 
 tjbe City. A htit »{|it of Itii^ doah* w»» a «oo4 
 9ii0ct^taieum fpr Qolteff: food* to o^womoT «ip 
 ^tj^nl viem it» witb the molafli^cist fpirnMNl an 
 
 e^l^ont; l(ri)ie0i«o. Qlei^inoos inftttorr jnexl 
 tfi^ bireaf^ h howeycprt tbe g?ea^ support of tbo 
 ^in^l fuHjQtiont, aiH) ovon , sufperioir to brendt 
 to ftii«lftii> Iift> aikd gratify, tho p«klatew Horf 
 yina 9ee^ei veol greiiiail of tbe nmmB of distkie* 
 tioii9 in 9o«My» Tk^ ooob ppft»e«s4og tbis pic^ 
 ^iiisl^o, e^QWOO^od bia applie^^ f<^r additionr 
 
 «L foods with « ttfiwiiMiMltuJNie a^stfjjpily* A» 
 to <mr: iWf«ji it vaA 8l;ropg in babit* of intini^y 
 vrjibc li<€oy» li^lio vvraa ono of ti«* The oook 
 'w^i'ar bd^if o«r notieo* J^ie»4 ftfeCoiy, gar^ 
 n» eyery adyaiito»p^ oiur «»^Hooholyi sMiiatloii 
 af|b«rded.bi9l» Tbi» minute ioforuimtion is glyen 
 to yoUf to inspiiWi you w4tb a di^sgu^t, . tp w«#do 
 vm of aoy^ btiHL A« tomy sous* if th0ilibev<! 
 tioa of oar cowaify e^er be inv^ideiil^ it i? bum-* 
 biy bc^dit under tbe pvotec^ing; l^#d of Frovi-^ 
 deneo). that tbey yiiitt atiray^ be ready an4a^f 
 tlfes> tot r^^y round, tte st«^a?d of Creedopif 
 i^ jNrineiple»;Of which)! we deflved firoai ooi^ 
 flur^tber^ft wboae blood freely flowed bi Ito 
 de&oee* ;/ 
 
 CofiKtag t^ the Bmi^iu jailf eseorted by ttie 
 inillta^ we< found UiM^.aeepiiiaiodatediJBiir; 
 
144 
 
 bur Iddgment. Tliere vrefe four rooms ip61ow9 
 ami as nmny above stairsy all oapaoiout and welt 
 supplied with births or bulks^ in the eommoii 
 method of barraelES. Our eompany taking the 
 righty our preeedenoy in the procession gave 
 US) assumed the possession of a room^ in the 
 third storyv which was in truth- the very best. 
 Morgan's^ took a rboih immediiately below us; 
 Uendriok's one a<yoining: but rt»meihber) that 
 at this time» we were redueed most lamlentably 
 hy kiHedf wounded and missing. Many wercj in 
 the hospital. Out of sitty-five» who eame on' 
 Abraham's Plains, in November^ we had soaree- 
 ly more than thirty, l^ft * with us ia prison.' 
 The fire of the enemy and disease had so thia* 
 ned us. Morgan's gallant men ikred worse; 
 like the eastern people before, and at that pe- 
 riod, they detested the introduction of the' sikitiU 
 pox into their country^ by inoculation. Now they 
 were its victims. ' Less than twenty-live of the 
 privates of that company, regaiaed their native^ 
 homes. They were originally, as elegant a body 
 of meii, as ever came within my View.'i^ To iisef 
 the style of my friend Simpson, <« they were 
 H beautiful boys, who knew ko^yir t^ handle^ and 
 ** aim the rifle." Indeed many of them,- adroit 
 young men, courageous and thorough -igoing^ be- 
 ciE^me thi^ subjects of death, by* that virulent dis- 
 ehse, both without and Within the city. WOf 
 of Fcnikiylvaniat had no fears from that source.' 
 This iHsease had visited us in youth, either na-' 
 turally or by innoculation. This observation, 
 which is a serious one, shoufd convey to your 
 Ininds, the imiiiensity of the diseovery of the In- 
 noculation of the kine-i^uck, by doctor Jenner, 
 The discotcry o^ the cNftuses^ of iightning, its 
 direadf ul effects, the means of avokling its powbr^ 
 ♦ See Note XI. 
 
 
 yei 
 oui 
 
 re^ 
 
 1/:.^ 
 
welt 
 imtiii 
 gthc 
 
 n the 
 best, 
 nr us; 
 tliat 
 itably 
 »>€$ m 
 ae on 
 laree^*' 
 risofi^ 
 
 rorsel 
 ftt'pe- 
 miAU 
 irthey 
 of the 
 Dative 
 i body 
 ?o use' 
 were 
 bp aod 
 adroit 
 ig^ be- 
 vH dk- 
 We, 
 otiree. 
 er na- 
 ^atioiiy 
 ^ youp 
 the in- 
 Feiiriep, 
 ng, its 
 
 
 145 
 
 by the edebrated Franklhif oor coaDti^imuiy 
 isy (as it eoneerns the happiness of wan, spealL^^ 
 Ing diAdently») perhaps inferior in importanee 
 to that of Jenner. The Jeanerian diseoTenrv 
 tends to save the lives of millionsf the Frank* 
 Uaian of hundreds. But all lovers of natural 
 philosophy^ are ' eompellable t» aeknoaiedgey 
 that the Identity of the eleetrie fluid, obtained 
 artifloiaUy, with that of the elouds, has given 
 a wider «eope to human thought^ than the rff^ 
 eenoy of the Jennerian diseovei^, has as yeU 
 afforded. There ean be little doubt, that In a 
 ^ueeession of years, some gigantie geniuses €ff 
 the medical profession, will iiijiprove and extend 
 the beneflts of the happy disclosure. 
 
 At the Dauphin jailf our notions of escape 
 were strengthened. The prison may be SOO 
 yards from m. John's gate, the intervid at that 
 time, was free from builflings. From without 
 the building appeared formidable. The courts 
 yard, was very eontraeted for so large a housoy 
 and was encompassed by a strong stone waD, at 
 least twenty feet high. The windows and doorii 
 were seemingly, by their bars impenetrablOb 
 But what cannot jpnen of true spirit effect, whea 
 made the subjects of oppression. Opposite to 
 the jail, across the street leading to St. Johni^ 
 gale, at a distance of forty yards, there stood 
 a house,, whiefa became the station of the guard, 
 who so(ierititended us. lu the first of our im* 
 prlsonment, we were attended by the regular 
 troops, or sailors, who were embodied by go- 
 vernment as soldiers, but now, tlie guard (as 
 our force without had made a firm stand,) was 
 re4>laced by the militia, who were the most in* 
 ert and despicable of military men. The sen^ 
 tiries were stationed on the outside oftheiwilf^-^ 
 
 N .^ 
 
im 
 
 ,vf >i«A BO ^ivltncsses «f ^t etatect \f kMii» vtb- 
 ^stpi the ettptain ^f Uie pto%Q»i9, vrho did n^ pry 
 villi » Miipiciima e^. Qe wa« a ffeoerMs pA 
 ^p^B'hwrtJBi tmmy^^^vA na guile nlmsel&nar 
 iwfiitfd il i0 Qtheinu Tbe prlncifial defbnoe om 
 lOm ddc of Uie eily» Atit reipRrded our aUempI 
 lilevclioBr kyoitaiid Bl^r fit Mui's goto* Tlio 
 jguard bemD wot mott utiiiU^ eompoiea of tbit^j 
 Mon^ of tbe regolor froopa or aidlors. Th^ 
 woim haTe emu us a boftlIe> bot of a eevtein* 
 %» we ebottM have o^eiPfMwered illeiti» h^ tbe 
 Iftme itf non^rsy as Moot and aa able l^died 
 pen aa tbewoelTet^ whose eourage was not to 
 |e questionedy thowh there was a ^rcat dlfl^r- 
 enee in the oatttre n^oor rei^^peetive arlot. firnr* 
 ii^ cxaidiQed the , jiUl earef «il;» lis imbeeility 
 lo re«lroin 11% mia^ j^^reirt* It waa an old 
 j^remdi loildlBg ift the PoBtile «tyle. The walls^ 
 <of stoae^ and more thao three feel fUek ; were 
 Irapeiietrsdble bj amy of oar means. Uneli e^*- 
 luninine the bars of the windows^ indiieh were 
 xiriglaaTly ill*eoa«trtieted« mai^ were found so 
 pueh corroded^ as id move up aayd dowa io the 
 BoelKotft. These could be taken oiat. Tiie ariiil- 
 IMras of Governor Ckrietoa^ft vc%ii^ seoraed nod 
 io feqtthre a strict inspeetion lalo plaeea of this 
 kind. About tfaiA il?ae» a seleeteo eouaeS was 
 kmUedr V of whiejh^oar fkther had the honaff to 
 fte. one» iind ki|0fel^ ootnposed of the serge^ 
 Wdts. Theupromr maj^ Aston^ of 
 
 l^nd^^ artUi^lsta^ then a sergeant^majory had 
 tiio f«esideoey« Our diseovertes were diselosed 
 «wtiio mimas of esea|ie coBsiderod, and a eon»- 
 •ultatioa of the men reeommeade^ This was 
 done, and there was not a iBsienlient Yoloe. At 
 #ie »tair head^ there was a small room« lighted 
 %aiHvaili aindoipf: the door was ioehed.'P'-^J^eep- 
 
& nor 
 
 llempl 
 .Tine 
 
 thlfcty 
 Tli«j 
 
 igr t)i« 
 bodied 
 nott* 
 
 fiftV. 
 
 leeility 
 an oM 
 (wallsy 
 ; were 
 
 h were 
 Mini 80 
 I itt the 
 iennld- 
 aed oiKl 
 oCtlik 
 Bit wet 
 onae te 
 eerge- 
 Len> eC 
 [ir, ked 
 selosed 
 a eofir 
 liis was 
 «. At 
 lighted 
 
 147 
 
 mg ^iroogh die kejli61e> l«rge iron hoopt weiei^ 
 diieovered : the spring of the lopi^f l^indly gate 
 waj to oar efforl8» the' rooni was ransaclsedf 
 and as neatly elosed, : The room furnished urn 
 with a large nambcr of strong iron-hoops^ twa 
 aii4 tlire^ inches hroadf: and a ooosiderabM quan-> 
 tftjr of ether iron» of different shapes and sises^' 
 doposited there as )ajnber« From the ffinst of 
 these articles^ we (brmed a roughs but weigh^ 
 q>eeies of swordy with a wooden han^e» a hioir 
 from whiehf in the hands of one of our stout 
 men, would hare brought down one of the stouts 
 est of the onenay. The residue of the ieoUfWaei 
 implied to the formatilu dT spear^lieads. These 
 %ere a^ed io splits of ftr-plank» about ten ftet^ 
 in iengdi^ whieh had formed la part, this bpl# 
 lems of the lower tdrtiM* These we«|ms» it la 
 t^ue, ^re of the eoarsest mahef yet in ^e 
 bands of meq, determined to s^eriiee their liToa 
 for freedomip Mojr would have had a eonsideri^ 
 alile sway* Our long knives^ wbieh m 
 n^ seeretedvwken eaptiiiwid^ also J^ea^espear** 
 poiiiti^^ T^se ireapooyi were eonee4kd lihder 
 tlie low^r raiige^of bif^tl^ whieh were raised ar 
 Jsot from ^ ioof, ^he planks were neatlji^ 
 raised^ ij|ie >nails were extraeted^ and the 'nail- 
 head» wuh a part, of Its shanl^ plaibd in its 
 former position* i^^ver the^se lay our Mahkeiir ^ 
 and bundles* It >i^a^ii igprii\ing rule» to ha;^^. 
 two sent^osf eonstantly on the watehf.one^^^j^^ 
 each end of the interior of the jail. Their (^ufyit 
 eonsisted in giving a signal of the approadi of 
 the ofiieers of the garrison^ who were in the 
 habit of vi^ting us daily^ as there were shoe« 
 makers and taylors among us^ who worked 
 eheaper than those of the0ty^ merely for the 
 purpose of bettering theMif^^ndltioa* There 
 
1^8 
 
 wa« polley in thijs i^atchfiilaetMU 'ffhen the sig-' 
 B^ was giyeiiy the inner do^s were thrawn 
 0pen, those appointed {^r the purpese^^^ laid 
 upoii the birth wtiieh hid . bar s^ri|is». as if. in a 
 drowsj state* The offieers w^er^ aeeetsted with 
 dsfiumed eonfidenee, imd much eQm|4ai8anee«> 
 The oounoil met daify» scmetinie& iii sni^ 
 sq^adsy and w&eh iinv tjbiog of niaeli eoiiM^^^^ 
 qtience was to he eonsidered* in larger; but at 
 all times secretfy^ or at JitasViiot ebvious^ as 
 a| eduneily' from a fear of trfdtors, or. some in- 
 dif ereti^n 6f the young men. Our arrangements^ 
 so far as my jadgmei^t eoukt diseeriij^ were ju- 
 dicioiis. Aston was to aet as general^ M^Gc^ 
 i^md some others became colone^.^ J Boyd and 
 others of the most spirit^ lM^eameSf^rs« eap- 
 tainsy lieutenants, &c. /l^at whieh^hc»red me 
 Miehi was that the eonn<»l aHign^ me» ^a first 
 lieutenaney under my friend Boydf whose v%or 
 
 atid eourage w^re un^est^ii^^a^^ ■. 
 
 \. rl%e {Aan^the esea^ : Jk^<H^^h^ 
 
 was ar fi^eUent en|^eer9^0!ra%>tn thi^ 
 
 particular %uperuitfii 
 
 -which tea ]iten iKa» W#t hiJ^^ 
 
 active and spirited. ^I^^ft^ ^^. t%he iuQi^ased 
 
 to a hand of one hundred and j^|ty men^ w&ose^ 
 
 duify it wa» to attack the ^^l^^at^St.^J^ 
 gale. 'IHie attaek of the>gttard\>i;i|>osite the 
 jaaXf was assigned tq the 'mseretion of Boyd^; 
 Cunningham and myself ; the eoufieU ^nerous<-: 
 }y^ giving us the autbori^ of a first selection of 
 twenty two persons^ fromi the wholie hody of our 
 men. The residue of our foroef was so disposed 
 of^ as to aet as a hody of reserve to Aston, un^! 
 der the commanil of M^Coyt and atiother smal- 
 ler body was reserved to lupport Boyd, partieu- 
 lariy by way of settfnr* fire to the jail/ihe guard-^ 
 
Big- 
 pawn 
 
 kid 
 'in a 
 
 ^^^^ 
 |an«e^ 
 
 eiiae- 
 ut at 
 
 le in- 
 ient«|^ 
 
 I*Cay 
 d an4 
 oap« 
 sd me 
 
 v%or 
 
 e itm 
 dutjr^ 
 
 Fohn's 
 ;e tlie 
 Boyd, 
 »rous^ 
 ion Qf 
 )f our 
 iposed 
 
 I, iin- 
 smal- 
 rtieu* 
 ;uaTd* 
 
 U9 
 
 Iiause, and the Imildiagt in |lt liei|^ibo9||oed, i^ 
 MMise or eni]ilojrtlMBr'eiieiiiy»iviiUejwec#^ 
 nine to %t, JoMf» igfttbi 'MimmmLpmt^ m% 
 eoald arrlTd Ihcro^ k^tlie tinpe ^Att^n aai hit 
 party woald bi Tkto#id«i4 vOlirlNirtiBaiir 
 vas of the despenlte iiB^ a w ii tf lptt i| of #f^iiHi4 
 tore ^ ikt i* f^aiiimL'^f^ thl; 
 
 Tfrtue airi^faritTery ^smia^mMmiiim.^9^MA ^en^ 
 8ttrie tlM saie^ofoiir^riH^|i||fth4f^i)^ shvilf 
 arrive M Si. #ohttlll ga^ IdW^^l b ettM i flt tto 
 guard f and if then se tln il g^i B i g i iy ^ly il%teiilh^ 
 wonl# lea¥e «8 to theiiiicfl%W «li«nrg^|£ii 6b#^ 
 M^, who would sailr|ici^ih» l^i^^MH^ tint3r<^ iMt 
 there hi^bien tiiii maek/]iiMipMfeft I* Jlii^^i^ 
 latiom PtOTioirait lirJlielilph^ 
 &Met helag told ^f «l^eMiee|:?^i«^ 
 ournHiiitftvy^piaiiti^ yo»ihinild^dMwlieeii4lfo^^ 
 ed' also^ of^ie tial Ule ei^^the^^^ 
 teraal «trQetii#,^^iNin^wMeli llMift 
 made. Hm Dfti^iii )iii Is^hitfH^ i«i1i nliil| 
 liretty viaeli deeUiied totiHrdi <iie ^N^(^ ^ ft ft^ 
 loWB^ thattheflP•ntofthiil^lewei» itoty/tlii't^^^ 
 the eeMR^, wa» m K £»Telifiih thd^^ti^ Tkk 
 bao^-grottnd wa» teir or twdW fi»cFt hl|^rl 11 
 the eellar, near the^foot of theMdrw^, tlttr^ 
 was ai^enteoni CbimtalnF^Wtt^ry^whieh iuj^|iiK 
 ed the honee.. IIImt b^iidiilts left^nf f t^oni t^^ 
 •priiig^hy the sererl^ tyfyte weniher, w^r«lflj^ 
 pededby ieerftothalithe wirt^^iwgfe^ qtlitit^ 
 tity #einatnM ki tlMt o^liwrv whi^^ 
 tlonul earelessnese of iMir peeplet' wha en^t the 
 tkising of their buefc^td>on the floor of the 
 apartment^ formed a bed of ke a foot thidfc 
 and yery firm and 8(did» ThiV^ eellair had 11 
 door newly made, of strong pine pfoiik, tVe §»et 
 in width, which opened Itiwards^^he till was 
 bvet with the itreet* The doms wUft^ buDg^ lipok 
 
150 
 
 B. Mnriet df a4ai^ sip^ffijud^oiK the inside, 
 
 V«»' iW ltoomviailiil4^t^ Itasped 
 
 iitithlft^aBd BiN$ufM.by^^ }irge f^d-loek. :t Close 
 ifimjIMJin^m^ liftd Wkde the 
 
 iiCiitenoof;tljtotelM«^p^ means they en* 
 
 legrledyi^jpevll^ iadthe 
 
 'VrMei iiiiiMstellli^ f^if^^^l^ ^e^oor. 
 
 Wk^^oh Itf im^mlw mas arell laid; ^ 
 
 A^i^lMf %^t«d^^^^^^^ our 
 
 ^M|pirt.iii w^ diii«io»-r 
 
 ^akidiiHI^Ijp^^ turning ra^dr 
 
 ^4hmMl> ^r;8t4 JMttfrga«B. The: disleear 
 4^ ^r^t||0#of MN was. to ftnr 
 
 8II0 liitt^thoiif wM^ e^M he rein^ve^ being 
 l(INNnib#elt». tW teeliiiub^4fMiH^ our blraTest 
 |i^ ^hm^iltein t^iiHr ilit Blatian. It i& an 
 lit m^ i^tilie r9%fl#riillfaai| diiit it^ i^^^ 
 iS^iifgiio iktnf^rHm^ elear 
 
 lA^ ^aHllMsef(«fii^andeffiN»ts of j^^^ 
 MAlk^llMMit Ofeiiliadiiitand^e^^ 
 l^i Mk^mmiM^ be said; of a oonspiracj 
 JMl^lts llii^t ifiNii^ the entity Irom 
 
 #|l^ froiit doet into Ike jail-^^y near the bai>k 
 4»^» ^ fttttmHlHn^tlie^^l^^^ there are two 
 j^i^iMet oMNirit^ te^ eaoh «^^ strongly walled 
 and aiMi^ * We ealled tbeas Oie blaefe holesi. 
 On tb# eulsidHMif tKe bnildin^ in the yard* 
 4l«s^ cafijlirs 4»suiiied tile £dr^^ of hanks, ten 
 fm ebvei¥ fbet high^ and as wide ; and well sodt 
 #:^d» : iKIth some address and agility,.a sprightly 
 man e^uld sorpMii eHher ^ them. The wall 
 ^ve those baiikf wan, prohaUy ten feet higher^ 
 In ^e daytime W9 oieiea eUmbed vp the waft 
 
9 
 
 what 
 a^d 
 Close 
 the 
 ly en- 
 
 t«e». 
 4oor* 
 ^eDUi- 
 and 
 our 
 
 rapid- 
 
 ifiloea- 
 
 to en^ 
 
 being 
 
 itUTOBt 
 
 « U an 
 liffienlt 
 I ekar 
 : mot»- 
 liepic- 
 ipiracj 
 )r from 
 lehai^k 
 re two 
 wnlled 
 ' hoJe»^ 
 
 ksy ten 
 lU sodt 
 rightly 
 
 le wall 
 > walfe 
 
 151 
 
 lijr meawi of Its interstiioes, Arbm whieh4be mmr-^ 
 tar bad folien in 4he eourte of time^ 4o tidU^ a 
 ]ieepatthee]ty» merely patting our eyei^ aWire 
 the level of the top of it. 
 
 A Mr. AiAi^tiny a hardy^ daring and aetil^e 
 young jmui» of Laidb'seeai^ny, 1 thSolLf a ser- 
 
 J;eaaty,priipehed (tip bear inteiligenee of oar pre- 
 eett|:te ih(i|Aaitorkaii eotanrmaiiderrivithout die 
 wtiU. Hit plan was apiiroved. A time fi^ ir- 
 r^ptiM was na»aed» though llie day was not ^par- 
 liiMSiMriised* The slgnids to. incite the adi^nee 
 of our army to 1^. Jolm*s gate^ were theiburfilng 
 of ithftkousesyisnd the ikring of the guns of the 
 ran^Nirtft towands the dty. As yet^ we were un- 
 pr epai se d to wove* ; Tlus expedition of Martin's 
 was ^fMftaMlly a weret among those of the 
 eoiaiief Ik fitMn a . lear that some bungler might 
 attempt the - same > path, fkily and by «1lis bemg 
 talomfUi^eil our plots. ^Permit me a short epi- 
 sode etii the eseape qf^Martin<; It was singularly 
 adfientaronsy and the neatness of its exeeution, 
 rendevtt it wortiiy of remaiik. •• I bad the; pltba^ 
 sure of .bearing it meounledr in more ha^^ 
 time$)» at lie w-» York* Martin wae dressed; in 
 warnt^lothlng^ wath good gloves ;, a white^eapy 
 shir^ and oveialls w<m pre^ai^ed fiir him. ^e 
 appeared: ltt>tlie jai^yard amoiH^ thi^^prlsoneni^ 
 in bis daily i^*es».^ 'Ilie time of looking upland 
 ealUttg the roll» geaei*aUy happened about sua* 
 down. ; it was tlie business of ^e ea^aln of the 
 proTos^'Vbo was aeeotnpanied by a Me of men. 
 The priMliers^ instigated by those in the seeret» 
 empl^ed themselves out of doorsy iintil late in 
 tbeeveningf in play # as if to keep their bodies 
 warra» It was a Mowing/ and dreary evenings 
 whieh W8« purposely ehosen. At loddng up» 
 those ia.the seeret lagged behind^ tardilyi pttsh^ 
 
152 
 
 1 
 
 ing the aniiiiliniied befiNWf jet to ddwl^y m 
 fotivailr to «r<Mird IIm gangway ; Martin Ivmain-) 
 ing la 1M ratr^ Tb(b operaiion .to6k plaee a^ 
 the elangiag of the look of the ^rc^t front d0or^ 
 Thb mtoiure was imaginii and eiibcted on pw- 
 poie to prooufe.to Mimn» ii aullclenoy of lei', 
 suv^ te get to bis hiding |iliMe» whieb was noi^ 
 odier ^boui a n«iofe# formed bj^te pm^ecttiod of 
 the d<N»r^waj»and on tlie top of one oftfae banlca 
 before sfioken of. H^ne bo had time to fiat on 
 his eap, ''•hirty &e. l^n^cer sirho examliicsil 
 the yatdtOOttM not pere^iro bini^ nnless be mrent 
 ont fif the docNT, seretiit paoes to.the Jc^^ a^^d 
 most probably^ not evea thear £i^r Martin woihlil 
 be.eoYored in tb^ snow, and impereeptibfe^ 
 H^pily the ofllei^r went no farther thantlte 
 thresholdy.aad made bat a s]%ltt suinrey of the 
 yi^« This aeeoiinit^ aO^^ fan is derived fretft 
 iajow» knowledge $ n^at fsBows^ Is from Mar^ 
 tin himMlf. >< Martin tariried there nntU seven 
 or eight o'doelu The dilemkna be was in^ eonld 
 only be sitrpasaed in intinineoee ^danger, b/ 
 hisyeltreflM aetivlty» skill and eonrwe. There 
 e. foui^ ^tries siiationed around the ;^1--^ 
 ^al-eaeh f^omer'in firont^ and the like nomber 
 it^the eorntiRS iaf the yard in the rear^ jThoso^ 
 litfies^ though 4iAlieVed every quainter of at^ 
 iowtf were soon driven into the sentry-boscesi by 
 «old «o4 keenness of 'i^whifiillng wiiids^. 
 Ef ^hey bfid' pae^ the tpae^s allotted them by 
 ty, the eseape of Martin must have been imr 
 possMe. 'Watehlilg the ti^tfe lime, he- slippiB^I 
 dowa the Watt Into the deep s«sw underneath 
 naobservedi;. ^etiee» he made a sii4^n^ exeui^ 
 sionto^th^ lef^ <^ 9t» Johtt^> gate, at 4i part oT 
 the wall> Wh^he well knew no senti?y wao 
 piae^ Lsal^ihg the wt^ into the eaew^ ht 
 
 
153 
 
 aio-t 
 
 iteecived the fire of a diatant sentry. MaHiifi 
 was uoliarined. Tbe soklfer fired, as it wen^t. 
 at a, pliantomi foi* when Miirtin's body eame in- 
 to eqnta^t with the snow» it was nndiseerniUe—. 
 the desired information was given $*' but of this, 
 we coold inerely in surmises until the May 
 following. I^iiai wUeh i% ?ery femariuible is^ 
 thajt ttie abseiiee of M fl^rtin was i|nk;nown to go* 
 vcmmentf until the explosion of our plot. 
 
 pMr liekt solieiiude was the aoauij^Hon of 
 ^,pw4er. This artiele <^ii1d be obtained but by 
 sheer adUr^^ss and shrewd management. Bat 
 w^ had. to db with men^ who were not of the niiU- 
 tary cast* W ^ b^gan first to enter into famili- 
 arity^ with the sentriedj^JokinK with them and 
 preteiidiiig to^leam. Froneh from them. The 
 giNiirdf «'8uiiUy, of Cmadiaasj^ eonsisted of many 
 olii'iplen, and yonng Pys» wJio^ were yery ^<^oiii-: 
 mgJ* Jlkl43ii^ijma|t> gun-carriages were eon- 
 stnieted^ ; not mofe^thi^ six inehes in ]e^|*th»> 
 and BMM0|di^ Vrhi^ll 
 
 were: jfiade of panjr fblds of lAper^iiad ^i^ 
 
 bound tJ(^tIy|^n»ii with thread. , These W4 
 sh^Wta jio ^ s^ntr^ time» ahda 
 
 H tll^ powd^^ If iwt pefues|te4». wf th^ whieh t^ 
 ohiii^ tljM^. &ur bi^hs lipnned an^ngle at 
 tK<e loom. The um^r bir%8^. as.)yell as th^ 
 lower, had aledgeof seyerallnches in lie%hth^ 
 in whiohy efnbraiitres were formed with tbe 
 knife. Twb parties were Msed in oppisi^libnto 
 each I otheiV eaoh <^ ^H^ ^^^ P^^fl^B«M>n of 
 one side oi the angle. l%e. blaze a^^^bH^ 
 which was nearly as grc^t and as loud i^ that i|j| 
 sniall pistols, oreated inuc^ laugh tei^ atid meiri- 
 ment. This, sport, the child or a seeming folly,^ 
 served us as a pretence and jiistifieation for soii-> 
 eitittg powder. The apparent joy. 
 
154 
 
 ««I0D|^U8» pleated the Caaadianif both oldmd 
 y^^ngt and did not alarm tlie governoient. We 
 oblaiaed manj eartridges in tiie course of a few 
 veeiui two-lliirds of wlileb oameto theliands of 
 Afj^n awlliis eorptf for tbe purpose of manu- 
 foeiiiring malfbesf &c. (Sie. Ftp*e armi of anj 
 |^odf eoald aot bj any: finesse be^lNieured. Tlie 
 ^omnertMof eai'iridgesy aeisonipaiiied l^ a suayi-^ 
 
 a and delbreaee of manners^ towards oar joungr 
 endSf pfooiired us manj^ quariers of pounds of 
 powdetf wlMftll tlney bought seereUy out of 
 luails^ some of whieh were ptoeured M a/jfudi* 
 erous way. M^ bad luany ticll in ike bospitalf 
 £lt* wli^n%uiy one appeared to be disordered m 
 %he least degree* be was hurried to the Jnll^fimiw 
 Tfjf whea eared» he was f^tanied to ue* Sdui^ 
 iif the tarn. Went so &r as to fe%ii ,siefcn^s% to^ 
 get to that plaee, wiiere thejr lived in a jnore> 
 I^H^aoiit s^le than tteit of Uie jail^ The fire- 
 'lueai temo?ali eHused the propagation of a re^ 
 poit ttiat the prisoa wae uaheiutby* Mim^ |d- 
 eps inatroudi eame to see us» &Bd ai&^«r empt j 
 lianded. Some elderly bubs* of resp^ctoble fiuBa<^ 
 Usmf were of the mtaiber, aad general^ br»«^' 
 amiiDjf truly |Mrt gmd bi <|uaiitiiy^ bat fot the 
 Ins aeeeplable to ^e *icb and eon:vakipeeiit^g|iB 
 ^Otiile aUls proeured them some sl^^t eomfisrCst 
 1^ #8 tea» k6. These w^ the religious and 
 %ain^e iCM»ileetioiis of tbelniterliood# aidmo8t]|r 
 oohsilted of the smalitest ehange, iihete was a 
 beauHlitl eountenaneed youth, Thomas Gibson*^ 
 liii^ tter^eant of HenidriciiSf . who had studied 
 l^sieat Caiiidey Fennsykania, allied to me by 
 awi^fy ^bo tod, probity from a knowlege |^ 
 llild ^^^ bis heaU^h bi^ 
 
 eito| Ifs ebeeks were blooming as roses/ Jflb^ 
 llNftNiim rf tbajeeancil. As young men, yfeeki^ 
 
 
151 
 
 «ri Hitk tbout the «ieiM» 'im tlml we •hteiii«4 
 ibe endf wliiob was powder. We liveil abo\# 
 fftatrst fUMi never tbareil im ih^ gratniiieB ef tlie 
 ledieif whiok were repaeiflNisly awaited at the 
 eatraeee ef tlie priion* GiAise^ audi wysHf, wete 
 atending mi a wiadoiw near the great doory and 
 apposite te M^oy'Ji faein» a aeat Uttb box^ 
 larllidl had been haoefced ap for, bb parpose«« 
 I^Qohiiig iiito the street^ a hHiy with a tbiek vf il, 
 waa obaprved to take tlie path through the enow 
 to our hftbitatloD. *' Zeands Gibaeti, thepe'» a 
 iitte»" was scarcely expresse<l» belbre .he wot 
 Carried kite Mf Cojr's api^rtmeot and pat to bed^ 
 though dressed. Severals of us waited respeet* 
 fallf at the daon till the oficer of the gaari 
 anloeked it* l^e nun entered^^she ieemei^ 
 fiaia her Huinners# to he aenleeland respeetabke* 
 "We were moist seduiaitsln eiir attentloos to the 
 laify» and ea pvevaiSed^ as to iodaee her to eome 
 into MHliaye foam, ttens laj Gihson^ eevered 
 to the ehin willl the hedHsiolhes^ netbiRg expoe^ 
 ed hat hi% beant^' hair niid red eheeks» the lat> 
 ter mdioating a h%h fe«ee^ It was well the kul^ 
 was no pkysieiam T^e" ana oresalnc faersetf^ 
 and wWq^ering a pater^noiriic^^ porred the eon^ 
 teats af her liltle parse Into the hand af the pn^ 
 tientt. whieh be hefiiaeatl^, witkeat tbe^biankel^ 
 sng» and left ua. What dMiald the daaatiaa be^ 
 hat tweaty-fear eofperst ef Qf^ at ^at time en 
 two dhillinfft of our nfoney* The latl«r:ehM|in»> 
 •tanee addra mm^ to the hainory and eihreiae 
 merHmeiit af (he trfiasaeiioh. Thie mane^ wao 
 acdely appropriated for powdi^r. Tbast eareleel 
 af every ^iag bat the means of eeea^^t we en;»> 
 joyed many merry^^ and eTea happy noars. As^ 
 «an» who was proviikiat ef timp, by the nnddle df 
 Hareb, (1 have aa aoie ef the ^dsr pefiodj^ 
 tmd all his niatteri» of arrangement In good' order. 
 
156 
 
 i!->Thb' oountii assigned a day for the irruf» 
 iion. As we dared net toueji the door in th6 
 eeliary from a fear of diseoverr by inspeotiont 
 (and it ivas examined almost daily 9) it was de* 
 termined to postpone the unloosing the hinges 
 aad lock, which were under our comniandy un* 
 til (he moinent of escape. , It became a main 
 
 auestibny how to remove the ioe at the foot of 
 lie door. Here lay the great difileullyf us it was 
 uniTcrsally agreed that the door must be drag- 
 ged down suddenly^ so that we might march 
 over it. Remember also, that a sentry was 
 posted not more than^ ii^m fifteen to t'v^enty 
 feet from the outside of thc^ door. Man^ wo» 
 posilions were made in council^ howtaeflbet 
 the removal of the body of ice without exposui^ 
 to detection. One was lightly to pick it away 
 with hatcheisy a lew of wtileh^ had been secret- 
 
 Srctainedy by the prisoners»^ and brought into 
 e jail. To this/ there were several insuper- 
 able objeetions : the softest stroke of the lights 
 est tomahaeky upon the ice^ would be heard by 
 a sentry so. near; or an unlucky stroke might 
 touch the door, which wduld resound and ine- 
 litably cause a discovery. Others proposed to 
 wear away the ice by boiling water; two most 
 obvious ob|eetions lay here: the steam would 
 search for a . vent through the creviceis of the 
 #oor« and window^ and develop our measures; 
 ^besides the extreme cold would have congealed 
 f^e h^ watery the moment it fell^ so as to add 
 io our diliculties. Another idea was suggested^ 
 that was ffwith knives to cut the door across 
 on the surface of the ice/' to this plan there 
 .was a fatal exceptiouy the ice had risen on the 
 lower cross-piece of the dqor^ nearly an ineln 
 «o that we must cut through the cross-piece 
 
tsy 
 
 It «9«oi^ VHnr iiiWiiew. The ttsl i^iiil;©^ 
 
 m^^t^ itam^^fMim^ offl|pi«Deii '«r IIM moil 
 ^^<M iii«^ Jiiflil tni^ 1^^ 
 
 IliKt i«^ iiil9 all 4ii0l|H|. IDf ifiai- intcmltd lidiiiet. 
 
 i^herJ life^%i«air tl%^ a^ljie sce^ .^1f heir jrA. 
 mm fhi0^it%^ iS0%ett«r <« olwcrte ilie«|, 
 
 ^ diMimslly to ^ie^l ^ttp i*e afi^ with ft(i«i 
 ftiiy«ii«t», \y^m plaM,i« ll^^'^^HH"^^^^*^ 
 ^ tlie raii9» a» -we #iuit*»t< - - '- 
 
 O 
 
158 
 
 head, aiMlthf^t %hB nnvd towirdt mprnipg, ia a 
 nan, were lyij||p MeeD en the fleer. The •en- 
 tries, ai tliey were relieved, did 0e lil^^ Tiiii 
 guaidj at waf before tald, in er4hiiry» e^ntift* 
 »i| of thirty peftom. * B<^jrd*« puriy fronn m oer- 
 Ibet knowle^ of ^ilieir net|i^ of eeiidiieuii|(, 
 fUlefDRied it no great . Iifurdin^ia, to undertal^e 
 )Uie oferwlieiidiilg theifi. 8aliteqaf)nlly oor dan- 
 
 £r akuit appear. The pilji^ta w^re |^reing(jr 
 Id-f-Hthe seetrlet soeo liooied Ihemselrei In 
 Iheir bexet. As the saftj, to ftueeeedt ¥i.ttst h^ 
 most s^ent and quie|c, it^piMi hoped to qui^t all 
 <of the^i, before any^ fdwin eoold soread. Be- 
 ^fides, Boy^s divisoe (the first rank of whi^h. 
 Vfertb to despatch the nearest senti^ bjr tlie spear» i 
 olliers of tlie ftueeeeding^ oorp^, were assigned 
 to assail the rest of the jk^ntries, imnnedlately 
 aground the prison. The getting iip.thto ivtairB 
 of otir guard* house, so quieldjr as to ei^Me no 
 alarm, was npt enlj fe^slblet bat in 6iy min^ 
 ,(with the i^roe delegated to ^s,) ef almolote 
 eertaiaty of s|ie#ess. The imt door Iras al- 
 ways open by \ night and by day, we luiew tlie 
 jtreeise iiamber of stepsp. the stairs eoatained. 
 ,Aa agile auu^ woo^ n^oimt at three stHdei. 
 lA light WM eoifiiiaoUy Ipi the passage* Enter- 
 jiig tlie room, mMmI tnriiing to tlie rk^ht, the 
 arnis ' in the eemef w;0re ours. The Myooet, 
 fton aeeOssHyii woaU be^nKb the lot^f theguard. 
 In this part ofihe ^ilti^rprlsf, profoiind silenee 
 was aU important; the section WM to rely on 
 the spear anif tomahack. Aston 0|i the other 
 hand, being fietoaajoii^ at St. John^s gate, was 
 instantly to tivn the eanni||i upon the city: hie 
 Ihses. portfire, A«. were prepared and ready iie 
 aubstittttes for those of the enemy, if tAey were 
 Mtlngi^i&fd o^ tMsnii Cr^ni the gu«^^^ MMf^ 
 
 ^ 
 
 u 
 
'r-i 
 
 fiat 
 
 79 
 
 15* 
 
 kiiowi ti ui/ flat all the diliMi af tke ranf- 
 parlt ivere diair|^ and pfliiiefly aad boxf • 1^ 
 aitiikiwlttton iMI fdl^t ofballf in the tieinibr al 
 eaeh na^ It vNii ealetilated, that the exeeuooi^ 
 of th^ l^iiaeH M oiir «eetion» might he elR»ete4 
 la at leiU't Hfteen nlnnte^ together with the 
 tUfUg of ik^ V^wi. Then ranaUr to tuppor* 
 Ast«pi aM If he was Tletoridolf to ntaiatalii 
 imr'iMitm m the '#gftf> under a hope of the 
 a^tal «f Ihe Amt^^aa army IVbin without; 
 la ii|i et««t, St JM^ ratify at a fint aieaw 
 sinre^ wat to he opa|H« Biit If Atton should' 
 aiilbrtuiattfy he Wi«Qa, (iifileh win inert Im^ 
 prQttibley) then we ^^re iolty IH all dlreetieaf^ 
 ahd make the a^Telrtulreiit leap. AifBMMp^ 
 |i»i«d that fn tbi^ |at|er eas^» the hany and 
 bnUle eliilted l|^ so t^ddea, unlbres^en and 
 Aliliwi»^adaAi wittMArowthen later 
 
 ^aii^fiklKli (|M to so great % m 
 
 ' ee, afs ti» i^Mit^ thi esi^pe of maajr. Sing* 
 
 rds lilght exte<i^ to he IhAaisM 
 
 Th^ paitieillMrttj' ir t^ #^^1 ^MMn^ 
 are puipes'elj tdiade to linpfetfl ik yoair ii^ctsy a 
 sfaigie truth s <«T&at tfie hei( iini^faed sehemee 
 
 ^i^ aad thordaghly ^UleitiMl designs, 'wfiethier In 
 ^^uiltRarjf olr elirfl'llfe. miiy be defeated by a 
 <^ thoaj{PeM hc^/llie int^Kl<e^ee dr an idiot 
 <^ or i trea^roas knaTo/^ t%b if^ flrom 
 €oiialf)e^f Or lliiMltiehttseiti/ whose liaijE^i w^ 
 
 X ile^lost ttl iaj iilMoi7» prisoiiejrs with us, bat 
 IvIk^ had B#^|M|iMer of eoaheetion or Intereoitrse 
 with the ehi^lW li^ knew^ the roinute^ yi^t es«> 
 ^atiftl parts of Ih^ iiieasi|res of the eonneHf 
 but probably havibe OVeltewd a whisper of the 
 
 • 4liie and m&naer of 'the erasion : Those Toulig^ 
 then without eoasidtali^t ' without authority: 
 fiom their stt^riorsir lb thcrtheu|^ae^ aidor <^ 
 
 ; V 
 
16* 
 
 u^VM^A^^^ III • m^grte^ 
 
 Iv jretiim j^c^ #tfftds #p«#tii|i^ 1$ |ieQMii$ 
 
 ft^ tir ^C. upon <hei,0fl|iii«i*ipii ^he ifii|iiifi|| 
 
 $^ eamf ^ jH ^tiiid ii| idN^ A|N!PJ^clui«^ 
 tbe lloiriiiiiteble faiqii^^^^^^ J^<l9tr ^^^^ 
 |iCpri^^^9|^idii l^im^f *• ii#mi» lifitb^ gw** 
 
 iim >|^l# to bf i»^» iirar«iiiAiii itopj^tiitfeiil 
 
 i^ii^ lilt thoBe who R^dc ^]i0^]«4i9i^|ioii» 4id 
 
 c^.the 8% adventiwrf* l?^a d^Hip md Klie 
 ^ijfd woiN) .defortlttgi f^y »»i pi wi< r4 lOtil^li* 
 vug no mopo ^h^ W |itl«Plp>l1<|^f^norli7 4ir# 
 
 io r^eA^ I jM^W^*w*%»t^i^ ul^ ^ii 
 
 not thai lie was a ^sAOTlit %ti| 0||P eiil)ii|ie^.# 
 
 - - t%ht 
 
 a 
 
 IkMlMilf 
 
 9^' 
 
141 
 
 fled 
 
 
 «.'■• 
 
 iM^ iwM 'W0ir8^:d«lcrnflideil»4a^txi^ul« a«r ftel^ 
 
 liaii formcpll a kalf-okmle afoMMi^tilv^oory irl<ii^ 
 out <i|NMrfiiig Um imriMiiii ttM fretfttlMe '•f the" 
 
 tlireilioM, ii^kig* im a kMfy iMnn^r «• w^ 
 wli|9i^ tlia vWaa if ruag fk%t ih^M^jw, eT«it^ 
 jaitUoe kiitt. Tlie sj^f la mailfe, 'im to frnftf ^ 
 danaiiasa entirely uii«iilf«^M^ tMltli^ Mrae^*^ 
 elMmMlflWNnour j«8tvaiig€«iiiee. lViaeiliii#^ 
 ttiir|. Marra^^aslHiid^Pt <«8i^**^ 9i^#he «<Iha# 
 soiaetlilill^ to diiolMfti*' Thegaardeaneam^wtSA^ 
 (Nl the Upaltor, aad Imrried hiia away to' ^1^ 
 GataiMr's j^Iaaar Ifl^ iototaa^ ^r6^- 
 
 6<1 tke «ixteiil and aoas«q«#noai af tfck dkiister* 
 The prkoAers knflUMliataty destpojfad iacli'^ 
 Uie apmsr as were tao bulley ta^hide^ if destru<^* 
 ihlei and searetad tlia yeii« in an Itoar dr twa^ 
 a file of man wMk in dfllaerr demanded 9ip;^d^ 
 Ci!nninghaaEk and atliersy reyreianted by the Hi^ 
 infariiierr i»!'lakewa#ni la iba plat« - T6ey w^rr 
 eiseortad tatbe Gotemop't eannail. fiere tk«^ 
 fbundf that the wretak had eyidaneed aitailr 
 proeeadlttgt mlntttely » naming avery ana Whi^ 
 was pramkient. 0nr woFtl^ aomnatrfdts were 
 axamtned an aathv and at man af honor cfo^ld^^ 
 not coneaal the truth. The cfuasCians af t^^ 
 aouneily (furnkhad by Ihe inlbrmery) did not a^fi 
 mil of eqaivoafftkm ar eyasion* 3f tha examine* 
 ants had been sa inalined, and besides i^t^ 
 giversatianf whentke outline was marked^ waa< 
 migato>y. Thay baldiy admitted and justified^ 
 the attempt*. We did nat fane the worse in onr* 
 provisions nor in the estimation of otir enemy. 
 ' Returning to the jail> my dear Boyd shed tha> 
 tears, af escraeiating anguish in. my bosom^ da*' 
 
 0% 
 
 ^k 
 
 %, 
 
•^: 
 
 ^mk 9>il^^M lie AWi^ 4i«r Mi^ ieJbe tli|i» 
 
 4ere4 tlieir voiM . ^e. Iviiiila^ kp» 
 
 Urn InOnmB ^wm^y^ifiimti^ 
 
 iBkmr ton or 4w4^fe partti ^iFer^^eftiHnd* eieli 
 
 i{|«bi09 la dliiiieter. The hwqr lMd& v«le«X!» 
 iMipiM iii^ the 9i^ htHom Hi*. Ii1ie»^ tli^ 
 
 lejRii imrteed pC egimg^ la iherilglul^ll^ 
 i|f r^. JB^ the tfane, t|ie#flber(i ^^iMvie 4e .««» eveai 
 the fmm^ftfk vfi^mnmo!^ omt^ Mmlki^tu9^w%9* 
 ai^%ef| to miit If hk JilrMii^.^liiili ee»toliieili 
 five uK^ii^ofteh*^. ll^oii Ibef^ ha4 AftrikM 
 o^ tlict lowepr Wrlhib thufi efjmmet^ el one 
 1^ most 4Miwtt li!(Ni^ Qii9«^ ^ the^ 
 
 v^a^ot^ m^ eom^nioBty hei^ #»w» ie appf rest 
 tfesidfilipiif the Miie|c*seiUh itoiied m^ niess* 
 imt^Sf. iind t|ieii^,9iille4 to iNe |o 4etem and 
 sypbiMt to. Ills oAie..v:1Coiwii^<^ mind 
 
 tbi|tladr" 4|ii4 lof fii»4Hi4 eap^ They 
 
 IjmA hut thiw ^ four pair qf hond-euis lefl» 
 yifl^h i^ese ^j^d eii the eldd^ly and robust*. 
 Bo«Ub»ft 3MtK)oj>^ our B||ifaee the eook, Doe- 
 tor GHhson, two others and ttijtel^ who winre 
 tmhanippKed* all tjie rest were» ia appearanee^ 
 tlghfly and Atmljr seouted. Though M«€oy/ 
 and A>ii%ee» wereadqitt at u^urreotiou^ ye# 
 t^r teryiees were p£ too ttaeh teportanee ta 
 goverameatf to be dispensed with. < The othcra 
 of |li^ iiaretteredi reiaiyy^ed imi llr^iii the esdmuB* 
 

 
 ^m 
 
 mi 
 
 •ne 
 Oie 
 
 lisd 
 
 hey 
 
 efir 
 
 list*. 
 )oe. 
 ere 
 ice^ 
 Joy/ 
 
 era 
 US- 
 
 MS 
 
 Uo» 1^ the itliiieklii. A new eporief nf^hitoietl-^^ 
 iof oeeimreMes^ niggled imk wulA fun ^mai 
 ifmtife kttinep ii#iif eeesiied^' wfaMi wu^umh 
 eeeded rbgr^ a iterlet ef iMirfiye «iig«l«k^ ^^^Ilii' 
 
 atMff ^^e «iuiiluimittg. Tliose wto lilMl Mnidl^ 
 lmiiat» by ee wyg t mlng the pdoii/ eeoUleatjU^ ' 
 4iv»tt tli^ IraDy^ftNim ^leir^^^^^^ Of Ikelfier 
 there weie ii9u^# who heeeue ttfie milrtMitft #f 
 their Aie«dt^ ;whe(ie fa^adi. wew iirger. v^^/fi 
 thene wm j» iieeeesky for iflgelHiky; ' Kliiv«» 
 ttetelwd WMiwtf ivere the vprfi|iei|pai'^«ieftn^ 
 llhe heed eft the ihe^i et the^end ef the hmy 
 weirMiii^d lofff It wtti lengthened end a aereur 
 UannmMmgi^mit, 4e eep whhih» a Mie head was 
 made^ elthlie «f> irea iht ^leady resemhluiy as 
 mi^. ai'foBsihle the ime heed. Aeaie new 
 llvetsHare i(^mied# fi^n the Iroa we Md |^- 
 served ^ enr seerit heards^ ifitm the TigUenee 
 ^ the iti^idieri* l%ese new rWets being made 
 te bear a utronff likeness to the old, were thea 
 eat .into two «irls^-«oae part was di^wa iats^ 
 the ^It tighliy» beeame sMieniu»y» tlie>4her 
 part was niov^le* It behoved the weaker |if 
 the roanaele to leok to il^ that he 4i^ not lose 
 the loose party and when the f^earehers eame 
 to examine^ that it should stand drnii» the or-^ 
 ifiee. Some poor leBews,. periiaps from a delhet 
 of ingennkyf the hardness of the iront ei the^ 
 want of the reqiiisile lo^s^ eould not disc itany 
 the bilboes. This was^ partiealarly the mefain- 
 eholy predieament of three^of Morgan's: meny 
 whose heels were too loi^ to slip through the 
 Irony Yihiiik eneompasse^ the Mnall of the leg. 
 It was trufly painfitly to see ^ree persons at- 
 taehed to a monstrous bary the weight of whieh 
 was aboTe their strength to curry. It added to 
 
 A 
 
164 
 
 iNwIiier, 4tel t|liiii<fiilfcfgiic» mt th^iuoPfhw^^ 
 
 iMit ^dmWyr V yjB&elRnate : in?tW> «ttfEek< of the 
 ekf ^lie Jii^iii4^Q«if#d Ji^«|icait ludl i» Ik* fiit ^^ 
 
 fiftsltiMd.111 MiJeg* «itK«irt,a eoiii{Miiiian to bear 
 Mill ooBi^lMB^t and obeeriiit^loaellytlioiirsb l^k 
 vkliiD^of 4^«riBeca|ioft^ aad tmorfp/vvnii wo^kl ooin«^ 
 tinf(g sooiBO iuii«riig u« iaUbe irainlf beariag wfk 
 hio bdUr lulling 1^ a ooid lii^hod o«or? Iit« sboiilk 
 dor. >H0t|iio9.aotty^aii^|iiiA«[^^ fie ialk-^ 
 €^9 laii^edaailiwiflifimia^^ fiotne oi^ievi^ 
 l^sidos tliiifi% woi%»M^ skaaledL Tliose 
 
 l^%ero 80 liioyEf las to iMMrfr l^t liaoiMuffiiy^ 
 |mii« them mhmt wkk ^k»m* The gipealeal dan* 
 
 e^^f^coverj^ .arose from Ikose wbo oould 
 I tiiomidfes^A^ion the ^eiMry Irono. TfafO 
 ii«ii^ lii4li^Hfta» irero iocroased f rop tvke to* 
 tiwiee a da^# in tthe^rti and last tlie smklt 
 s«H*olied tbe tioUs of ea<4i person. But tliere 
 wera ioUier fnlimiioaBy iatorinediatelyf by ofii- 
 oem lovidoiilljr d^spiutidked Igr the saspieioiis inf 
 90«effSttitnt» for Ibe fMirpos^ ^ #K^very. To 
 o^anteraet iiiese . new measures. of oauiioa and 
 jodysusj^ lye were we^V #rejparad# Sentries^ o» 
 mm part> wtare ^^m^baly 4(ta^oaed at certain 
 ^[^oirs^ tbe j^ to 4os»|r tb^ iqp^proach oT 
 ai^ oneia the garb of aiiAffieer. The i^iew froM 
 ^bese windowSf was pretify extaasivey down two^ 
 •i Ai^oteaetsi iiarlioiilArij IIm^ leadiaf to tbo^ 
 
MS 
 
 ly- 
 
 uA 
 
 tE^jt!^^f09XhAmm^»^ <^ 
 
 iiU9M:w^kmi^h«$miwbm^ 
 
X«6 
 
 «ef Mil Mti^ Oiit^^^ dcf*^ 
 
 lamNikil^MM^'iliMk^ lAifvMI ^dfribir ^ttH^cv^ tif 
 
 tiler tMiiiii^l^iil 1iii#illiiiffiA^i^ i^^^f^Xf 
 
 M«i^ iMftcril^itf 'k%fiMlf iUnliir iMit^ i<Ml^ 1%^ 
 
 in tlfe nitntii «r JM«^ ^ dl^iF tep WHm^ 
 Higt ;^tilib4»fii or Iwiiliili 'i%tfittM, ^he Id^ i» 
 
167 
 
 M- 
 
 the iiHrotia qualities wkleli dl«t u^f dtfMi^m, 
 |)f ihe fiiet* Ihal ni^ k ll»B/|#i«ipftl iagre^ 
 
 ent urM^ wutee ferliHiX te^ tiN «ttr^» «« m^ 
 •l^lls^f'fiMAabf^^eiuiiit tUidU^«c^MMl# i^M^ 
 mifi^^^smhh^m^^ ^ J** . Wliefeffi^ e«Btli«Mi 
 AaittfmAit, if % ei|geii4i#efl ««i bteiiiiiee ap^ 
 
 tbM irtti^ i»iy *efWtti^sfr«l» «ijiei**tie eiB^ 
 
 ^trlh» if kiept .iuidec eOTer^ PW^^llte^li^ ve- 
 Wiiii^ii. wiieii powder ,wa« m-~^ ii0eetMii7» we 
 ^imy wtoi9 eiweiiepiied Jdil me^ 
 i^efirikdieel dl9eo«ev}r I Hji^^ iMipleMMGireite 
 
 mail ane<^^Bi^ *lie jtt^^i iwbteb utualfy fall 
 ia CiMiafb alwui flic »i*fle ,ef NeiFe^ 
 
 Sief|% c0t«r die miad mOl «e end oi 
 rli, bi «|y ctii|rik«ui^tWrJMiil with t|^ ^a^ 
 
 ^taiite 9«#9» whli* fiirwafd ^ i^w^ of 
 ^t9. ^itiM» i*a was etiafiofti^ ilDifi, t^ n^ 
 Tagae and Iqefaiidemle i*l|Wy ff^ 
 Ihea ii«Mlf i^ immI wh^hlf f i^bfe fil^ eitiAid^ 
 ed%'tmimiie0 ii^m oMtaia iptfeJA^tt tiMmMk 
 Off mwKir^w* Wiiro^i«|ite^ 
 
 ^ elicM^aef er i^ 1» ## eoaatiy, flie lai^ 
 9iei|^#^ 0-ooa4 i« ffeec ftwni •now* thu griM 
 aiNi e?i^ 9Hrie« i* |*wit, ^^Nf fiirwaid ia 
 
 » flie aiort Mmwii aMiaaer« Gapt^ PtaatH 
 Asides flieai^i4n«a)i|i»a of Wa eaFo aad !»•■»• 
 i^ip to 01l|9oa aiid anjradtt; did aol ra§tiPala liii 
 ^neroaify lo ladlYidiiabt liiit proenM ftMr as^a 
 fernuMioa ftiMa aov«rap<Mt.4o sead out aa oU 
 Irishmaiif of the New-¥ark IlBet aa exeelleal ia- 
 thi^ to etHeel for aa v^tahle food. Ifrt 
 irst speeimen of this good old maa's aiteatioa 
 aad indaatiyt wiotlie pMuelioaaf al6i«e 
 
Swn jit- ^^rn-- mmuiw w«iu»«o ltfviii4iii» 
 
 .ji" ■•.■ft. 
 
 
 
 i^ -"1., 
 
 *■ i" 
 
 ■?)^:tepiBlbi»aiil^^ 
 
 '^■■f-lS -.#41 
 
 iil^ iirw >t'*'^'-'* 
 
169 
 
 HI 
 
 tto^iottld of stale %rai^ rerf if ncter, but mfik^ 
 what niAwkitii* It was pal«t»ble iuid nutritiff 
 to mon attieted as ire wevi. TlUs beef, boiP' 
 neoted witli Tegetables» inoon anfoialed as witk 
 aa IdM of t^taraiito/ heullh ani vigor z yeti 
 tbdagh te mit^^ted the inOlM we eaduhsd, k did 
 ■ot lotafl()r exj^ tiie fj^urv*; > j 
 
 - f he «evef^ of May a#hred« Two »hip» Oaibe 
 to tlie aid of the'^garrliioiH beatiag through S 
 body of iee^ which i^eriiaps Waft impervious to 
 i|ny other thaa th^ intrepid ssdlorv Tiiis relief 
 of then and stores, crdited grekt Joy iD^tho tbwiu 
 Our army ben^ their disordeny retreat. M^ 
 friend Biiltpsoii« with his party* were; laoc^ niis- 
 osed^ froiiia ne^et of ^ivlngbimintbrn^atioii 
 of the intended il^ht of our army. 8oiiie^ fi^w 
 of ibe men uiH|br his aittborky^ itraggled and 
 w^re^taben la the^ retreat. 'i;iiey eaine to InfaON 
 bit: our hoase. Miowt for the first limet we bei^ 
 an aeeottai of Cbe' oeeurr^nees during the ¥^ 
 ter^ blo^ade^ wbleh to us» '^oagb of'ti^ivlidi 
 imporly were innnenseXy interesting, 'Pb^- «al|;f^ 
 of this day, produeed to tiie paiiKiners aiMitioMl 
 eomfbrt. liioiMdi the tro«|i8 look 'a ^severe rcM 
 venge upon o^r mends witboUtytiy buridmg^and 
 destpoying their jwnperties^ l^liil mext dfliy; 
 more ships and troiips .arvived ? a put^ii^ ^tookf 
 plaee, the elket of wl^ieb was of no eonfte^itlo^' 
 except so far as it tended to etpel Ihe ««loi^ 
 troojMi from Canaxhi. To Ibe prisomhta, tills re* 
 treat had pleasing eonse^uenees { fresb brea^ 
 be«f newly slaughtered* and a superabundaneci 
 of vegetables, was a salutary diet to our rediR^ed 
 and soorbu tie bodies, StiM fNli^dom, that |p^e»t- 
 est of biessingsy and exereise \Vfre rc%uire^*td 
 bring baek |o, «».genuf^ hea)tb»^ About ^ti^ 
 time an incident oceurred» which threw us into 
 
m^ 
 
 170 
 
 CNiiiii».i««iii:tartiirlog.9i«6erarprei»r¥ayUi« &uift 
 IU» WHtJloitofhter .Ikw an miUMwilMtiie. Ahreat^ 
 ||ll»iitr •fjMur irtiMi^ Hm ^ilji! fcf iMipi/ llM filt 
 tMvtli tt» eii^oenlh of Mugrir MlMidi Ma*lea% 
 JitJeiriiftHtf . wmj^nr fMrietolit « jmiimd rbl>olbet 
 of tiM senerars, mi^tr M»ilNilnD»^ «€himiHm 
 
 VOtt»| .l#9«|tfi(M^ t f toi a Pftfat|g4 md oth^t 
 
 •fl««fi<iP •alereA ffe« Jiill slMiiit niM^li^ Th4 
 fiil«#«e«ii. pttrwM ID the Jftykjmid eom|itetelf 
 imiiillk^ C^ipHiiiiiPreitilit^lijp tbcHKrvtitaiiof c«b 
 
 Hf|^|iitr id gQiKral nMli-a-«iuNHkh»A i« oolonul 
 m^m-mttf^' afii la Uit» maliaer jmeeeclttd lo 
 fwuri^jril 4he.kia«liii8[«litti<aii»ta. JBanpaDiog la 
 1^ yc^jr i^ari the gaMUa» ^ mllplil be mM^ «d»« 
 H^fablv im^ CSiiirietoiii* be tinii 4i^erbeAi# ta 
 ifl9^.f trioive^ aailMitMa it laatfidble f faanal. the 
 W|a9«^ Tbi•^ibaeo«< 
 
 |||i#5<i|idetf«i«| Ui ba; ifaae IbHaedibtofy. Oaa 
 llllMibMrM blft^ b« 
 
 iiliilliinpfl ^ ramintted ta- sMiKMne off 
 
 ^ U«go»t :b#llii dlvatM^ 'aiA' tbf n lailiiMv 
 ^4Sf^f.9o^ii^^^^ MbfcHia Idaf bsmilhy 
 
 1%^ eaaipaft^Wyoaff H<aBa/*^^ &a mtaaie^ tb» 
 iiii|]pHalaf bff>ibfe.blni. Baiag^iioiir at lull bo^ 
 iifym^^ eoai^eliidia baH^pNirlrwbi^ 
 llill (Mm aiigiaalfy f&Hmd^ aa* it aFere* bgt» 
 ilpattltf BiftM a fli^ublr^leaoA^BBon whiefo 
 #leiipir^iitarfy»4ia9a^efad-tlsall^ Tba v«ffie« 
 MUe imd i«i^aamla;]f 
 
 io» ag aa^otaiaf^ aal aai^f ai>»;BMan af aaireybut 
 iii»^mii^l^&a0m ieofbuMa^^naors ope^ 
 
 Dfttli^i Baur iiiba nosl^ aatiye w^l4 engage 
 ifrta gatti^ oi ^ilitfea^' HaiPlagi ^faijrad 
 
 <.C:ti ..- 
 
 •See No^ XUI. 
 
in 
 
 [Ml 
 iflt 
 
 mm M ia-oonailiuiiioiH it » pafty lM««(iMM^ 
 Eftt iUw«9 to mm •eke4^ (pgr tiM oiMt vIoImI 
 
 tliint ill' Hie lii^mMl luioMf /whieh IneiifiRoitatdl 
 im Srmm pI'Ajr Ibr auuiy Jiodri^ find frein vbiaa 
 IrMft Ike cartb, wber« the patient Imi4 «e»tc4 
 iMliiiieli; Tlteie paint iMigiit ua io Jieep afoat 
 all di^ ami eaea^i^ eat a«r Ibodla an ereoipou 
 tiae« Gkalag Jta lied i« iiiee«eiiia«rafier:eluu!d 
 day ^ FN^^ 4lieae ientatleai ^ef paki upqa ila^iiiir 
 4afW9 iai i af d ia t aly aHaeliedaa. The pain mou& 
 eeitttmie lialf im lio«r» and ^elleA longer. Mf 
 aani. exipeiiettee ^W aattliDiilBe me to «ay tva^ 
 li e< i r e » in tl|e BMMifogf mm nose f^e fvoiD paiiif 
 sad the Toutlne of play and Djitigue eaaaed^ *Hit 
 alwiqra atlended hy^tlie/Mimeefreetsy farifeiilaiFly^ 
 to the ateb h a rn atad ineautiottSy who iroiild net 
 adlie«e^(te)the'irlioletonie«dvieeofiloetoF May>. 
 hiB. Thoiewlieweaelnaetlvey retained ithoae ex- 
 anuoifttingiieiae to the iaat» tiageAfer with tihele 
 Aittortedy Moaitedy and hiaekened limbs. IJpe« 
 oar retujpn^^M^ai Ganadat io tlie atttamn of 17769 
 1 saw fi?e ev lift of n^ erippled oompatl^iialtr 
 hohhling Ihaeagb the stteeU .iof 'Laiaicaater imi 
 their wajheme*- It eett »tear-#4ill ttaii^eould^ 
 be g^ven. By^the tiMmth eC AAigast, 4ho aedve 
 weno relleiEod front Ihose paint. 
 
 To^Ntardt ibe «nd ef Mayy governor Carletoa. 
 ordered eaeb 1^ the ^Htoaert a linnea lAAvt^ 
 Thi» gi£l^ io me, "vras moit agreeablef at Hnaen 
 Bext the. ekiiif ifor tome inoitths pastrwas nafeltr 
 and feif persmat^vho have not felt the extremity 
 of tueh enduraneof as cNirt^ ean form a fulieon.* 
 oeption of the gratiAeation we cn^jed. Having 
 bad but one thirt on at the 4ime of onr eaptmw^ 
 U was toon dettroyed by^e wearing^ aa44he- 
 xepeated watltingt it required. Belfeacy for- 
 bids a dtlatioa upon ti^o eause and efbets. You 
 would laugh at the deseription of one^of our 
 
17B 
 
 Ire^ k«d iiiMtf^ttrtwwIi^tilie liaiptta ^mtuk j»kiii||^ 
 fil» iiafd eolieofiied tt^vukmbmar < i^i* minror under H 
 kope of pultins «D: end to feertaia vngrnills^of'A 
 
 SHera.wHb^wbicli iRMt otViis mre oeqdtilaiedi 
 uring the lieiHnfff': Um* Telariee ef elenpUoeta^ 
 ^kMiked in a^ biiin£el» or bbiaMtu^^mtyimvdisbmd 
 Hie ebttUitioiio of ike kelOe. Tko boikMg dono# 
 Ijte ' tinnen wks borne 4olto yord^ where, eooli 
 f^tt# washed hk own, and walohed It during tko 
 Apjinffy almost' in a state of nature* €aptshi 
 Prontlsy pitying my sad eoBdltion» pressed 4ipoi^ 
 me ol!u« to aeeeptfrom hinlr monejr topurekaso' 
 a suit of elotiiesy.and he wolild trust toitho kodw 
 6v and integrity of - my father for^! payment^' 
 whose ehameterhe knew* AdheringtomyftrsI' 
 determinatioUf this polite and generous prdposal- 
 of my amiaMe and.desenring friend^ was as 
 oflteii^ yet tnost.tbankfttUy deeUnedf maugre the 
 adviee of my bosom friends Boyd and Canning- 
 ham to thooontrary. He however foreed ttjMm 
 me a half Johannes* This small sum was appli-^ 
 ed to the'solaee of my heart, o In the first plaee^ 
 to .an article still more neoessary than a Mh. 
 The residue was expended upon matters which 
 cheefed the hearts of my. messmates^ whom* I 
 deoiriy loved ; ^cheesoy siigar» teo^ coffee, . &e» 
 spirits wa»' detested^ as we knew It to be a poi» 
 son to scorbutic persons. What pleased me 
 much moref and gave me pure delight, was the 
 ibUowlngooeurrence : Ol* my own accordf no< 
 onct knowing of thf) intention, the good old Irish^ 
 pmk :was delegated to * purx^hase three or four 
 pounds of tobaoc Oi ^It was secretly brought, 
 and as seiy^tly borne to our room. A pound^ 
 was produeed and falrlyparted among our to- 
 
c 
 
 17a 
 
 lHM6«-oli0wen. Tou ««»••< 0oiieeiir« . iMpJfj^ 
 Wli«N th« llrtt fiivoxltA wM ♦fti^ the remunf • 
 
 fulnett of thoM bmiwybiit deilUutA noOf atoin^; 
 t0«rm«4» «ie» n««r]|^ im udoiatUw* Y^tt wiU Mk 
 vfkfl Umt ike roMimt. From jMir ipall, 
 koowlsge ^f mwkittd^ yoM oub Iuito UUlo coji^ 
 ocflton of tbo fafoe habit hM on the buiniMi) 
 moo. Otto who obewir omokot ^ pnuff^ to* 
 Imooor it M UtUo able to abttftin from that ear 
 jofmeai^,^ aa yoa weukl bo^ if o#i»iMleilf 40 ra- 
 fraia fvoiu j^Mir utual aiaalf. , Tbii> paptiealart 
 i«. spoken oft> to ponaailo Ma^bgf ao niaan >t<»jiie 
 tobaeojo in any. tbape*. It it a paiioDf of the mott 
 iareterate UndrMibiob like opiaoirarieiiio^and: 
 teveeal mtheri laediminiealtr may be applied to 
 bealtbCal. parpotet^ yetf if employed ia an ex- 
 treiae d«|pi!ea» praduees lattaataneoat death*. 
 Tliete ideat are aot.vitionaryf but are tnpporta* 
 ble by the authority ^f tome of the bc^tt pbytiei- 
 ant. Y^u are at Jail JUb^vty jta pat.yonr owH' 
 ooattraetioat apottc theia obterfn^Bi. Bat ta^ 
 ueturn to my feUoWrpiiloaert* 
 
 In the ^Ideraetif where the army taof^jriui*i 
 ottt the aitiele af tohaoeo, the meja ImmI maw 
 Yahmbhi taoeedimeamt*. The badu of , the dif«T 
 fereal Uadt af ilrt» theeedar, the red i|rMlow» 1^/ 
 find the kayat#f amny vjitriagaatorbilterplaatt 
 supplied the fteii^; hv:i within the liarewalliof 
 our ;ihil». 4iei» liNMir ao ttt^ 
 and imsbflM^ li^taUe*. That wHtJiU m 
 money expeadcik aad mneb. to my patig^^oiiu. 
 aad to the beari'^f^rft. pleatnre of my team aw 
 worthy oompanioniM whote tuflTeringt^ ii| eerta||i> 
 poiatSf were gnsa^er tbaa^my o^wa^ ¥ha taUe 
 
 ♦•SceKoteXIV. 
 
 B'2^ 
 
174t 
 
 With etrtiVftlesemiiejr' tkod^ ^feiMijFktSy we^m^in 
 b«!eaiiie melri^ vfiid %Mietff1£(ML > » ^ 
 
 ]0^ tbe beginoiw of Jtiigpiwt^ ire^^^^^^ told by 
 oftMiiB Pk^tMf Imil4ha<6imrii#if h)id»'eaiiolad- 
 ed> ta tend usl^ %eft to New^t^orlriti^n^rdUt^ 
 td^'^ f^tp^ann t»f bekig e:!ieilftiigi^; ^^hftt^tte* 
 trang^rlB^ Whieli' hud broitght 4he lutb vein- 
 fbreements ^m Eurofid, 4r«re' dteansifig biiA 
 
 ifhatfonv 0ii the • ftidveatli af >^iifii«ty #^ tfalii^ 
 seribecl «tir written- patolii^^ ^Gtifpialn Pt«iH]« 
 UPoeared me permlstiaa fhMH goireranietiti ifrkh* 
 a fbw fHenda^> to tra'^r6a'tk^6iV««> Aa affie 
 df tlie i^rHflbn attefidad^a«i ' ' Ou»ifM^'da«ire 
 mst to see^the grare'^f^biiiir O^aetai^^ aad tliafta^ 
 af hi» aides; 'as^iirall^att ^haie af'tbe«4>eiayed 
 Hendrleks and Haaf pht^t* Tbe ^pates we^ 
 "Virltbiti asmail plaee af interment) neatly \valled- 
 WKh ^tane. Thecoffiafi.of Maatgi^mery, Ghee^e- 
 anan and M'l^einiony i^re ureTl arranged, side 
 by side. Those of Hendrieks, Hnnifihreys^ Coop- 
 el^k^^ were arranged on the sauHi anie of the 
 hielasnrev but as the burifdaaf these beroes>< 
 tpak' place in a dreiairywiater) and <tlie •earth 
 iftipenetrable, ihei*e was but litile< sail* oa the 
 eMmUf the snaw and iee^ whieb ferd been the 
 priaeipal eovetingy being now ^dtssajtved/ the foot 
 df the OeneraFs eoAffy wai^ Aliased to the air 
 4iid Yiew» The eoffia watwwIblHned^f Ar- 
 Captain Prentis assured me, that the 
 sbomd be deepi^ned, and the bodks duty 
 deposited; Ibr he also knew M^tgomeiy as a 
 Miow-saMer, and l(4aienCed bis antunely fate. 
 
 » See Note Xy. 
 
 m- 
 
 * 
 
175 
 
 
 
 Theiiee we proeefsded past tlie eiMel/,>i^iiig 
 tile rftmparts t(> Cape Biamoiid, descended t^ 
 deelifky sfauitifigiy^ and^exam^ped tbe slo<^^aMli 
 and bIoek<hou9e« - It is this little. toalv whi^ 
 enaliied me to dMotribe to .ywi, - ike site aiMf 
 defenees cf ttlmt J^raiidabie imss. Froeeeding 
 tlienee tliFougk>a part of tlie IjoweF-tdwiiy iTe 
 eame to a narrow street, wliieh led us to'an 
 ifnmense stair^ way, > one mt itlie aseents into the 
 Upper^town. < Aseending here, we eame. to the 
 main passage, whieh eurvatured down the hiM 
 into the Limer*town, and whk)h was to lead lis 
 In our supposed attaek upon the Uppei^'tomn; 
 t^is we pursttod, and eame. to tlte i^aee of the 
 second barrier, whioh had been lately demons 
 lished. ^I^e houses on both sides of the street, 
 in> which we had tlEiken our «tand^ were now. in 
 rtiiii8^> hairing been burnjtrby.-thei garrison, at 
 Were the suburbs of 8t. Roque and St. Johnfs.' 
 Tliie wai^done to render them unfit for the sli^ 
 ter of ftiture assailants/. Thusvit is, that war. 
 destroys the wealths and i*ob84iie individual of 
 hapidness. We had no time to Inalse oWrva- 
 tions, but such an could be done In jMissing has-i 
 tiiy; Returning to die Uppet*- town, by the prills 
 eipal and winding road, we were strongly ini^ 
 pressed with the opinion, that if our> whide 
 force, as was intended, had fbr med a j unction 
 In the Lower«towtt, that it wils utterly imprae-* 
 ticalde, eiUier from our numbers or our means^ 
 to mount by a road su^ as this was. Suppose 
 it not to have been barricaded and enfiladed by 
 cannon, it must be assailed by the bayonet, of 
 which weapon, we had very few, and the enemy 
 was fully supplied. But when we reileet, that 
 ac*H)S8 the road, at the centre of the arc of each 
 eurvci there was a barrtoade^ ahd cannon plaoejl 
 
176 
 
 t9^ litke ' tiM interval! betfroen Mio di^Mpeii^ 
 iMirrieKtdety the diflieuft^as of tlie aMeat» whiok 
 wvctrjr U«ep>^ w«ttld be-inereaBed Qvea to iaiup«r 
 iHoiiritabiHty. Hie^ road is very narrow and* 
 Haedy next tbe bil)f by a slvpciidon^ f^etpiee :> 
 en Hie other haad^ there wene some houses ro* 
 nontioally perehed on the side of the; deelivilyi. 
 and some reeks. The deeli?ky>ef kself was an 
 exeeUeot defenee, if the besie|p»d eould main* 
 tain the position in front» ibr tn a short timef» 
 in so eonfined a sfiaeey the assailants mttst either 
 die* retreat^ or be thrown down tiie hiil from 
 tlie road* But suppose aU these delbaees over-. 
 eome# and we had arrived nt the brow of the hill 
 ^|i^ the entranee of the Upper-towfly^ here iv still 
 Inove formidaMb obstaele pffesenled itself» than 
 tiiose whieh eonid be formed by ^art in the lo^er 
 parts of the- road. At thid plaee tho^ is a hoir 
 low-wfiyv v^hieh io^ tiie hurry we were la» an4 
 the 8li9ilt^view we dared taker appeared as if 
 ent out i^f the solid roek»;<^ a depth of thirty 
 OP foHy 6»et; Athwart this way^ there was a. 
 stroi^ stoekade of a height nearly equal with 
 the perpen^iealar sides of the way orguUey.. 
 !Prom the sufrfaee abovey we might have l>eeu 
 stoned to deathy by tlie defenders of the fortreesr 
 without a probability of their reeeiving harm, 
 from us beIow» though ev^ so well armed« Bui 
 the stoekade itself, from its struetore and abun- 
 <4ant strength, would have resisted a force mani-- 
 fold our numbers, and mueh better supplied 
 and aecotttred. From these observations.^ (those 
 of an uninstrueted youth to be sure,) lliere was^ 
 no hesitation in telling my intimate friends, then, 
 and stnee^ that the seheme of the conquest of 
 the Upper-town, was visionary and groundless v 
 set ^ resjill^of oar dear general?s refleetions^ 
 
 I 
 
 *>'. 
 
m 
 
 ifi 
 
 
 
 %ii^tfedv%|i«i Un by tlie natiife Mid^ neMttfi^i 
 tieii^ of Ilie^mttSy. anil l|k dbagi:«i€«blf» |if!edkil^ 
 
 toivii bad mkett eflfeet^ IW gew^l'WoiiM tbrnn} 
 mosli wol^ibli^ Jiave d^vel^wd bis Mtnt ttnil 
 faal' pkyiK .Tbe ]loas{Mis giTen i» e^ttneil^ mi^ 
 bave boen |wantrfc^eil» iii«i^iy toM w^tk^ 
 
 ii|>iHted exeftlon upon tbo fiaei aC4be s^leeii 
 fUMl^sekliei^r wbo iKiere not in tbevseoi«UJtf 
 exi^ite a laedlioitB valoi^ Gettiag inlo«ei>i0iiflf 
 a«4ioii»' and ivarmed by Ube app9«ilioii- of tbi 
 •nemy^ the troofis migbt have betft • iodiie^A 
 lo' fierseverey in aay apparently sadden d^fe»igii 
 of the general, l^e - enpidity of the soldiers 
 bad been played upon* This latter faet, is kho^ 
 to^ me of my oim partlei^r knowledge^ Some 
 Iveeks before the attaefc/ the soldiers in thei^ 
 eomtaon .eonversations, ^ spoke of the eonquesi 
 of the eityy as a eertnlnty y and exultingly of 
 the fplunder^ they sbould win by their bravery. 
 It nyas not my business to eontradiet : bat to 
 urge them on. Perhaps the setting fire to tlie 
 Lower^town, on the side of Cape Diamond; 
 eoasidering the prevailing wind^ wych was at 
 south-east* but afterwards changed to novih 
 and north- west; sueb a design might have been 
 effected. The shij^ing also ice- bound, nunfer'- 
 ous and valuable^ moored around the lYOint, 
 would have been consumable : AU this dcstrue^ 
 tion would have been a victory of no mean kind; 
 but adding eclat to the known gallantry and 
 prowess of the general. The Almighty willed, 
 that we should never know the pith or uliN^ow 
 of his projeotp; whatever they were^ my mind 
 is assured that they were considerat^y and well 
 designed. He was not a man to act incautious-- 
 ]y and without .motive^ and too honest and brave 
 
 ''-i'. 
 

 na 
 
 1# addptu* nsMer fart, ^i^^dtolit int^MM 
 cid ksf ^ ilii^AJimM) of ihfi ipoiiifi|prfU|oii»; Iipil4lif 
 
 log : fr«ii* .iP^^^^i^^e,, aAeqiMito io O|ipo8e u«^ 
 Ili}ll|« !if^iii:kii^«ac«t if ire dig«ld bap^n 4* bii 
 |B^ Vfa^: fiivMia^iii, in smoh » iMftiBa|# *as ta^bi^ 
 i\v6 l^fb 4K|r HitfAt rfiit*e«l isto .|li« eil^, b]^ 
 
 <»tecell ^peU*-iftellfi 40ul-«lioiild tlmt ha»e aeiiiev*^ 
 
 Vpymv*Uiw»m HKhiek rwm iUie i^rimaf^ vi^w* and 
 last bopiB «»f tbe gfi»eml .aait Use ^mmf* Themf 
 meise tbb eipuidip notiaii» ^^a^jiQiitliy feime^ mpom 
 the spfll* btit ia & mMacttUoii 4if |iHi^yeair», 
 ave 8^11 retalBML 
 
 The |[en«fid did not Jiant for inferma^B* 
 Maoy person^ male -and femaiey (.oaiieeesBai^. 
 aiottlhfif ) were, expelled the ei^, to wander fe^ 
 vlibsiBteoee aniqng Uieir friends^ ilie eountry.- 
 His own knowledgpe of 4|aeheCf w^bere he had 
 8erv«d» woajd: enable Mm %interpogal^iony to 
 exioiri from ibo«e emigraatB a full stoek of infer- 
 mation ^of tdi the new defenees ereeted by Go- 
 ▼er nor Carielon sinee, Coneequently, knowing 
 the pmeliettbiitty of Cape Diamond, (Jiuuce de 
 mertf whieh must be prorineialy anu 1 do not 
 understaady) as an entranee to the Lower-town, 
 ^nt,^ BiOBt dang;erous one,) and that of St. 
 Rofuc, with which and its barraers, he was 
 particnlarly acciuairited, from his ewn, and the 
 «b9f^aiiQni} of jothens: if so» he would uimt 
 
 \ 
 
 ( 
 
 I 
 
 %". 
 
179 
 
 i 
 
 i d Wfftd ly to inftNtoed of Ite «bf6iiBi9!e obiitvi^4 
 lions en tlie 8lbp& of Iho bill; and tbe ^nd^ 
 mmt of tho tfoopoi wliioh yfwM in ooniequenoo 
 vMenA : tai4 he wo^d also know that this plao^ 
 to tho garvitmn woulil be a poHfeot l^hermoii^lflil 
 t aipa o aoMc i'by Ion timiBa our^nttmbert^ if wehifet 
 heoii v«tenuMi>i^4 were better faniiished. Fpom 
 titese r^aisoM* Uiere wa« 4in .induoomenC for my 
 m^odf^ at aU tiiiies sinf$e the atlttiek^ toeooolnfle^ 
 that it was. never general Mototgonierj^V real 
 dosi|^n, tis eonquer the Uppper- tomn^ by an in* 
 vadon from the Lower-to!Vfn» biit his hiddoa 
 (md true pkin waA» by a eoniolidation of ous 
 wholoforeet to^ bura the Lower- town;^ and the 
 sHippiagt and to retreat by the way of Palace** 
 gate and St. Boq«ie. If ii sally was made al 
 IMaeorgate, the events as was Observed before^ 
 might be falii to the enemy* The compeeheBfi 
 sive Yatnd of Moatgi^mery, would not ooly a|N 
 ftpeciate to the fuU extent^ the peeuliar advan4 
 tages of the eoemy^ but estimate to its 6nie 
 value the means he possessed* and the merita 
 of his own army. Presuming the ooloaisls ta 
 be saecessful in the L^ower^owny where thtra 
 wa» mutth wealth> and the avarieioiis among us be 
 in 9#me degree gratiied* It would liave ereaied 
 a spirit of hope and enterprise in the^men^ tenAi 
 ing to* Induee them to remain with un. AflerH 
 Wards^ combining oar whole foree* with the fm» 
 inforeements we had a prospect of reeelvlng^ 
 an attaek upon the Up[ier-town might have sue^p* 
 eeed«<(d. In a word the destruetion of the Lowopi 
 town, in my appreUension* should bt« eonslderedl 
 merely, as preparatory to a general assailment 
 of the Upper-towiiy notwithstandinr aM that has 
 been said en the niemoi rs of those days. A. eoa#> 
 imwy opiaion went abroad ^ tlMMt die seaoxaiy 
 
180 
 
 n 
 
 If he Imd iiyeH, by ibis assaidt "hrouldT lifive e«wi 
 fleered Quebec*' No idea couki be more fala^ 
 elous* It was poliiieall^ ngbt» to keep up that 
 Opiiiioiif among the people in tbose trying timeif 
 bttt Its aeeominisbment with our accompaniment 
 of men and defe^iTe armsy was ideaK Our 
 walk from the great gate and palitade^ was eon- 
 BiderablB> ere ii^ reaehed our detestable dwell- 
 ing: as we had eigoyed a few hoiirs of Meeting 
 UmBTiy, tbe«lo<sking-up/' became fbe'^^morw 
 borrible to our feeliqgs. The next dliTi how- 
 eveiTy we iiad the Ineffable pleasure^ of mareb^ 
 lag in a bodjr to tho water ^ide, and embarkiid 
 .^jm board liTe transports. On the following day, 
 jpL new joy was in store for me« Gkinerai Wit 
 ^m Thompsun, (of whom it might well be daidf 
 j^ikh is a mAftn"; who had commanded our re- 
 feimentf at Prospeot-hilU as its colonel : he had 
 jwientak^n prisoner at the Three- rivers, with 
 Iseveral other ofHeers* in the preceding OHihfli 
 of luile. He was now aboard of our little Heet^ 
 destined to New- York* Thompson oame to our 
 thip, to visit the miserable remnant of a part 
 ^f ills gallant corpe. The general hfid a special 
 Iftessage to me, from ray father, with whom he 
 Iras intimate. Coming throni^i lAncaster in 
 lii» Waj9 to bis command in Canada, he was 
 anthorized by mjr father, if he saw me in that 
 eotiiitry, io furnish me with money. The good 
 l^ijaU' proffered me four half-Johannes't one only 
 1^ aciiepted. Wtiat was nearer and dearer to 
 li^'lteart, was the infbrmation, that my parents, 
 Ida^ves and friends were well. That money 
 ^ Iras applied to the use of my messmates, in the 
 way of^ea- stores. Permission being obtained, 
 Jio^ and myself, went nshiire: our pnrchases 
 cbnaistcd of a Ver^ large Cheshire cheese, coWdc, 
 
vrH§ 
 
 1^ Alii! wgft^ togethciK'wftfi 'k%*§^ 
 df t^aoeo for tli« mep. Agaio petoA^k^f J6IB| 
 tr find iiih^ <!W no^ fbt9«d^ tti. _ / 
 
 Wis hhII^ 9iti tht iiBtk of Atigitt*, cdtito^W M 
 yie Ptsitt4 ikfg^t^i «aptid« M«eti«fc. JPs^^m 
 tb« ifoMghtfiil idftttd of Ofie^tiir, fefUnOi M Bkot^t 
 ik^ oft^i^vod tlio fia^niiers tikl^ni thiel^ whettt^ 
 Wtiioh, ks Wdrith aloflg, ivo oouFl irite^m m 
 baain» til mluijr !n«tiuH^o», %Afe gt^«ii t«N^ifl^ ttt 
 1bo« of Ibo ftUlk. I^om tbfs di^if^stitf#, it 
 ^as <oetioriide4 tttat n*e4U«iitl^ |(ttif fi^dilMy 4j 
 ooUl or Wtt settdons, the gi^itftt lAusl^l^ kl||>(ffr 
 iia todotie in tMo noHh of £tiBlftniI» nmm 
 1ftn4 befoi^ H ii iiattsf^d liffd thp«>'8li6d. 
 wliottt, t1i6i>gtb feO'vrii bjBttvie<sii the fiftedMh jsl^ 
 twentieth Of Mi;, and proliibljr somctittles Wf 
 iiwr M» lAter, li Wis^tJ', atttf |fWdu^^ * S?*? 
 fine whtte floor. The voyage dotrii the jNftenr 
 exee^t «i(bw bdiMerotiir dayi(, ivttd' pkiEis^nt J^^ 
 had BOttie HkohU vieitiB, iirtel^pwsed liere ,ap| 
 there wkh iOiii^thlli$ likO vin|b^&| ctawSb ar 
 IWinA-hOui«s. Afterwards, ivrTiad fft fH^Ofpe.!^ 
 a blenk tilid dW^arjr t0mi irtid edOtai^ y^^ 
 ori^gednefite ln«pli*ed dUagre^M jfe|i«^tif)% 
 The greaWHt tnirioiftleB were ikt^ ^fs^ who^e 
 hhtotf iiiid tfiifaiiii^s were tl^nyiO^njtO.p^^^^ ^4 
 whoie Iftliii^ foirih exciited )itteei|tlaiif as i^ 
 wet^ ereepil^ np or basking on tie roeks. The 
 porpoises perfcctW tvhite^itt vast #i^e«, pW^% 
 beilnre and aronnd ns, at|d drew my s^tentloii and 
 flurfirise, a« none but f he Matk sottt^^|oi^ppis9 
 bad before ^tat under my view. ToWcome a 
 naiurulist, It is neeessary a tofi^n shouta travm 
 it was many years before books eouW persuaAp 
 Ate of the existence of a green-haired nionki^f 
 but these Were diminntive objects indeed, jn na^ 
 tare's ioalo> Of eOnimiratlve imagery, when eon- 
 
182 
 
 L'- 
 
 frMted yihh tbe immeiise river C«4>Hni^iia> ;#r 
 hdji\i !• now ealled St Lawi^^^nee^ secancl to no 
 j^riQ th6 ^otlif iinless it be the I,f Pluta, ol' 
 South 4^^i^ea.' MEakiilg^ tbui obsfervftljoQ, you 
 loujlt. uMerstaod me .to melude wHblii i^ tbo 
 lii&e Hweriori and the Wfiters wbieh/feed that 
 Ifike. jGMTGasDT Pointy where .we r*ioii orrived. 
 In a diie iiorih ltne» aeross the. ishind of Anti- 
 foostay. th0 riyer is about ninety n^li^i wide* 
 i|teeite|^ with .&yorab weather* the iskmd of 
 i$t.' tbhils oanie in View; passing |t» and the Gut 
 ^ 0anQeaiiX9 experieneitig some stormy weather 
 iij^d^ the beean^ and a few diffiopltieii» we ha|^ 
 jf ari*ived at New-York 09 , the fjeventh of 
 pten^herf 17769 and anehored thre^nMles south 
 4f Governor's fsIiftndV .ifow it iras, for the first 
 ft|iie|';thai we heard of the dilemipii in whijsh our 
 Ibi^^ry stood. 
 
 * ,^ie battle of liOpg Island, on the iMn^nty se* 
 ]fchth of August* had beeci unsueeessfully fought 
 
 fdtti^ trooj^Sy many of whom were prison^s. 
 sileh hiirrylag times» in tfrf Curses betweeii 
 iiiie^ armies in the way of negotiation upon 
 i% point* are effeeted with difficulty* We had 
 #kit^ p^ttiently feveral weehs* 4o be disembark* 
 iid oi bui* own friendly shore j yet tantfl^ized 
 everj^ d4y with reports* that to*morrew we 
 Should be put on shore : some* and in a little 
 while all* began to fear it was the intention of 
 t&eneral Howe* to detain us a« pi*isoners in oppo- 
 aitfon to the good wHl of sir Guy Carleton. This 
 niDtlon hiid so strongly impressed the minds of 
 my IHend doctor Thomas Gibson* and a young 
 man ealled John Blair, of Heoclricks* that they 
 idetor mined to escape from the »hip. They were* 
 Imth of tlwm* athletic and able hudied men* and 
 most adroit. Gibson planned the manner of es- 
 
 IP 
 
185 
 
 rou 
 the 
 
 eape ; its ingenioQsnesfr, liasBttrdy boTdness of 'e£^ 
 dtition and eventual success^ reeehed the vtX^ 
 plause of ally but ^ti% ditopprovcd/ upiti IM 
 i^Mnciple tbat it ti*efie|tcd upon their boiior^ an^ 
 tvotild Impede our ielease. l^he' stolry is thiisi; 
 ifiifoson and Blairy in the eVeiiiii^y dressed in^ 
 AiiKs and trowseiirdy were' upon the niain deeli 
 ivith their eustomary flapped^ hatsy on their 
 keads. Gib8oi||[ gave mci a 8qttee:|s6 of the han^ 
 in tolsen of farewell ; ho was greeted kiiif<n^ fot 
 fie wis the brofliet* of my sooL He Ind hil^ 
 eompanion went ib the fol>eeastie| where thei^ 
 Were two large NeW-Fotindland do^> i^ach oJT 
 whieh had his paHy^or i*aiheF bis jmrtizaili 
 among the cre^v. These» the adveintnrers hiss- 
 ^ at each other. Tho dogs being" enigage^ 
 with th^r usual fpT7;cittraoted'fbe attention of 
 the sitilors afid many of tht prisoners: th^y toUk 
 this epportuiiftjr of stripnitig and Ijetting theinr- 
 selves down at tbci bow into tbb wateW Leani 
 ing over the s^des of tho sMp^ iil Company lit 
 some friends^ in the secret; and ttnrega]!dfnl <^f 
 Ihe dogsy we awaited the management of tlie 
 flight. The Hist lighted eloud appeanSd low ik 
 the west. Somethingextrsiordinary passmi albn|; 
 the side, a foolish f^ow asked, «« what is that ?^ 
 <<a wave* yon fool — a mere deception of si^t/*^ 
 was answered. It was the head of Orison, cov- 
 ered by his large black hat. li?ithito a I^W yards 
 of Gibson came Blair, but with a smitller hat, 
 he was obvious ; his white skin discovered him* 
 but luckily tiie attention of the <' ignoramus^*^ 
 was engaged another way. These daring men 
 swam to the barge at the stem, entered it, and 
 slipped the rope. They ha?! rowed a thousand 
 yards before the boat was missed. The other 
 boat % of onr ship, and of those near lis, wei*e des- 
 
 

 
 E etched after the rooamra^s^ it ms iinb late, i\kp 
 (j^Uives jiad too imiek of a atari t^ be ea^Uj 
 •t^rtalieo. "JCh^y laa^ledy (having rowed abput 
 iv^ iliilfP9f) Dakeq* in our own eottiilryf some- 
 iHiere fn tlie yioinity of Bergen-neeky and bar* 
 tered the boat for 9ome ordinai^jr olothhig, Thej 
 waited on general Washiiigton, who disapprovea 
 #f their demeanor. 
 
 A short time after the foregoing o^f arrenc^^ 
 a mc^il^tieauiifttl and lumiuoas, but balf^fpil fflg^ 
 oaeiirred to us, that is, the eltjofNew-Xork aii 
 flre» One nighty (Sept. %»,) the wateh on deeU 
 gave a loud notioe of thit diiatter. Running up^ 
 on deek« W0 oould nereeive a lightf whii^h at tlif 
 iUstanoe we were from it» (four mUeSf) was ap^ 
 rarentiy of the size of the flame of a ei|i|dle^ 
 Thi9 Vght to mOf appeared to be the burniiig of 
 an old and noted tavern^ eaUed the <« Fighting 
 qoeks/' (where, ere this 4 had lodged,} to th^ 
 east tf the battery# aadnear the wjharf. Tiie 
 W^nd was southwai^ly, and blew a fresh calei 
 the flames at this plaee, because of the wind, in- 
 ^r^eased rapidlj. In a moment we saw another 
 light at a great distance firam the first, up the 
 Iforth river. The latter light seemv^l t^be an 
 original, distinet and new formed fire, near acel- 
 ebrated tavern ia the Broadway called « White- 
 S(al|.*' Our anxlet|^ for the |ate of so fine a 
 ^^^ cautcui much solicitude^ as wo harbonred 
 suspi<iion4 that the enemy b»d fired it. The 
 fifties were fanned by the Wiskness of tlie 
 l^eae, wd diWo the destrue^ve efleets^f the 
 clement on aH sides. When the ftre reaohed the 
 apiro^^fa large steeple, south of the tavern^ 
 which was attached to a large church, the effect 
 upon |fa^ iiye was astonishingly grand. If we 
 oould have divested ourselves of the knowledge,; 
 
 ^ 
 
 h 
 d 
 
 a 
 fl 
 t 
 
 SI 
 
 •tl 
 
 n 
 
 tl 
 
 -tl 
 •tl 
 
 m 
 ii 
 i 
 
 V 
 
 ■I 
 i 
 
 / 
 
 1 
 
185 
 
 tirat it ir«f m^ tiroperty of oar fellow-eitifleln 
 ^hioh' was eOQtiiniiiigy tlie yIow iu^[;lit hii?o 
 been eBteemcd MiUiliief if not ploMiflg; Tbe 
 deek dF oiiriUpt ikrvMby hours, wat ^|itod li 
 lit noon day. in tiM eommonoement of flic eoii- 
 flngrAtionf we oiMwrv^ mniy bonti pattiog off 
 fk*oni tiie fleetf rowtng speed&y towards thi^ 
 oify ; our iiont wns of tho number. This eireum- 
 «tAttee>ejpMed the ideUf thai our enemies were 
 the liieenitfari^^ fbi^ Indeed tliey profeise^ 
 weit in aid of the faihabiUnts. llie boat li- 
 tttried about day J^t» and from the relation eif 
 the dflleer and the er^w» we elearly diseerned 
 that the burning of New-¥oiiL was the act of 
 some mad-eai^ Attierioans* Hie sailors told us 
 in tli^ blunt ilianttery th|it they had seen one 
 Ameriean haiii^ng'by the heels dead, having a 
 bayonet wound through his breast* Thev named 
 him by his Christian and simame, whfoh they 
 eaw in^hitod on his arm; they averred he 
 wM eaudit in the filet of firing the houses* 
 'They tokl us ali«f> that they had seen one pi^- 
 son^ who war taken In the faetf tossed into the 
 'firei aiid that severals who were stealing! and 
 tnspeeted as ineendlaries^ were JmTOnetteil* 
 Summary justice is lit no time lattdlabiey but in 
 this Instanee It may hare been eenmt. If the 
 Greeks oeuld have been resisted at PeriMpolis> 
 every soul of them ought to have {been miissa- 
 ered.^^ The tes^mony we reeeived fHHim the 
 sttilorsf my own view of the' distinct heglft- 
 nitigs of the fire^ in various spots» remote front 
 each other, and the manner of its spreading. 
 Impressed my mind with the bellied that the 
 hurning of the eity was the doings of the most 
 low and vile of persons, for the purooses, not 
 only of thieving) but of devastation; This seem* 
 
 Q 2 
 

 IMAGE EVALUATION 
 TEST TARGET (MT-3) 
 
 1.0 
 
 I.I 
 
 ■SiRM 125 
 
 ■^ I2ii |22 
 
 hS. 12.0 
 
 us 
 lit 
 
 lit 
 
 I: 
 ■ 
 
 
 |!:25||,.4,,.6 
 
 
 ^ 
 
 6" 
 
 ► 
 
 
 7. 
 
 
 Hiotograiiiic 
 
 Sciences 
 
 Corporation 
 
 23 WEST MAIN STREET 
 
 WEBSTER, N.Y. 14580 
 
 (716)872-4503 
 
 ^J^ 
 
 '^^^^ 
 
 '^ 
 
 ''k^ 
 
/. 
 
 ^ .*^% 
 
 
 J 
 
 /.. 
 
 
 \ 
 
)!86 
 
 pi tpQ, Uic general seni^e^ not <oiilj of t)i« Brit- 
 ifhf biit tliyit or 4 lie prisoners th<ui aluiard tl^ 
 :^riinsparts* hnyin^ flir^p^i;^ 6i>i|lii of the oUjr, 
 ^4 ill a range >vjtU Bvmdyr^y^ yr^ bN a fak 
 ^9li4 fjiil view 4»f ike wha)o {trofess. , Tlie peit- 
 i$Qn9 in Uie ships nearer |^ Use town th^ we 
 mete, UQiforndJr licld tho «afi»e opifiiQn. |t 
 was not iit|iil sonu3 ^^^rs aftairwarfis^ tii^t h 
 doubt was er^atedf but |br ^1^ fcon^r of our 
 oouiitr^ ajul its good ntiu^^f ^n ikseiiption was 
 ipadc, of Itie firing of ltUe^itj> to acfsidental cif- 
 cumstanees* It in^y b^ wcU^ that si natioAi ifi 
 %he heat and ttt«*bu)ence of WHr» should endeavor 
 to proiiioto its interests* 'bj the i^rop^igating re- 
 ports of its own imioej^ney and prowess^ ami ac- 
 cusing its cne^ny of l^grHiit foormity and das- 
 tardlinessy (as was dono in this partloalar ease*) 
 ))ut Whdfn peaoe cowcsy let iis^ ip lUod*a name^dp 
 ^justjce^ to them aiid i>ui*selves« !Pasfn^s ami 
 Villany aire ^^ growth; of aU viiiiies, anil of all 
 nations. \Vilhout l^e most i^uuiieroiisy and the 
 jl^ost eof^nl tcstiinoayt as th^ (iH<!t oeeurred 
 >fitiiin my own yicw> Ihf ,olof|iei|c# ^f Ciecro 
 ^CpilMi not convince pie tiiat Uj^ iSring was aecj- 
 j^etitalf So^^^ time t^ft^r the hurning of the eiljr, 
 we uiifkrstoofi thajl; w^ were to l^ ernbarkcd m 
 , stii^l]^^ IMdil landi^d^ at ^U2abethtown*poi9t« 
 
 T^e i^teUig^nee, ^auaed a ^aR{|lli|g in evfdy 
 «5ye. On |J^e next day^ about n^on^ ive wi^rc in 
 the baal8:<^^-adverse winds i^e^irded u|. It was 
 ten or eleven at i|i^U» Mfore i¥e laiMled|-^tfa^ 
 moon sUo^ beaut^utly. Morgan stood in tka 
 \^io^ of the boatjk malUag a sgiriiigt not easily sur- 
 ^ssed^ and lulling on U>^ i^iurthy as it were to 
 gi'Hsp it'r^rietl ^*Oh n»y «oantry«t" We th^ 
 were near ^iiii9 pursue4d his e^iample. Now a 
 )raee c(M9meue<»d^ ytlH^h in ^uiojkneasi eott|d 
 
 rC' 
 
167 
 
 I BpU- 
 rd tUe 
 e cUjr, 
 a faU* 
 « peit- 
 ^^ we 
 
 of PIU* 
 
 tal cif - 
 iotti in 
 
 iBg re- 
 
 Liul ae- 
 
 id dasf- 
 
 easey) 
 
 Line, dp 
 
 fts ami 
 
 of all 
 
 d tUe 
 
 itirred 
 
 Led HI 
 
 It. 
 
 ^re in 
 
 It was 
 
 -the 
 
 tbe 
 
 suie- 
 
 Ire to 
 
 IM 
 
 lew a 
 
 Boareely be oxeee4)ed# tttid •siMm brought us t» 
 Elizabethtowfi. Iiere» those of us who wer&^ 
 diTOWBjv spent nn uneasy mi^hi* Being unex- 
 peeie^l gqestsy and the to«vn full of Iroops, «o 
 quarters were provjiled fi»r us. Juy rewlereil 
 hetls vselessy we did not elose our c^s tyi daj^ 
 light. SMg»og* daneing, the ImHan halloo, m 
 nhoru every s|>eeies i^f voeiferousness was adopt 
 ed by the men, and many of tlie most respectable 
 aergeaittSf to express their extreme pleasure* 4 
 stranger eoming among themt would Imre pro. 
 liouneed them mad» or at least intexieated; 
 lliough sinee noon, neither food nor Hi|uo r hail 
 pass^ our Kps; thus the passiiws may at times 
 have an influeneeua the human fraiticy as ine- 
 briating as winey or m^' other liquor. The 
 morning brought us plenty* in tlie form of ra- 
 tions of beef and bread* Hunger ; allayed^ my 
 only desire was* to proceed home«'at*ds« Mo- 
 ney was wanting* How to obtain it in a plac€» 
 where all my irirnds und ^aoiiiiaintances were 
 alike poor ami destitute^ guve me ^reat anxiety 
 and pain* Walliing up the street very ihelan- 
 cholyy unknowing what to do^>X observed a 
 waggon* built m the liancaster* sOounty fasli- 
 ion« (whieh at that tim«N was peonliar in Jcn^seyf) 
 unloading stores for llie troops* : efime or eom^- 
 ;ing* Tiie owner toeing me* gnaapiiig ii^ haad 
 with fervor* told me* evei^ onebejl^^ved nmiB 
 be de&d* TelUi^ him out story In A oo«npeiidi- 
 .ousi manner* tlie good* (M. man* without si^ioi- 
 tation* presented irne two silver dollars*' tb be 
 repaid at Lancatter* They wtre i^adly reeeif - 
 ed,* My heart became easy. The next day* 
 in eompitfiy with ll^ latlb oofooid Febiger» and 
 
 u^^^i^m:^^: 
 
 iw 
 
 i,i/e 
 
f 
 
 |v 
 
 188 
 
 tke present general^ Nieliols, ancl som^ other 
 gentlemen^ we preoiif^ a light re tuHi^Hraggoii^ 
 whieh gave us a eatt as fkr as PrlneetoiK ilare 
 we had the pleasure of emiversing with Dr. Wl- 
 therspooDy who wis the first that iaformed us^ 
 of a resolution €2 Congress to augment the ar- 
 my. It gave us pleasure^ as we had devoted 
 ourselves individuallyy to the serviee of oiir 
 country. The next day^ if not incorrect^ we 
 .proceeded #i»'ibot^ no carriage of any kind be- 
 ing procurable. Night brought ^us up at a farm- 
 house, somewhere near Bristol. The owner 
 was one of us, that isy a genuine whig. He 
 requested us to tarry all ntght^ which we de- 
 clined. He presented us^ a supper, that was 
 gratefirlly received^ Hearing our story^ lie was 
 much unected. We * then tried to prevail on 
 him^ to take us to Philaddphiay in liis light 
 waggon, it was objeoled that it stood loaded 
 with hay in the ba«*n floor; bis sons were asleep 
 or mbroad. W^ removed tliese objeetionsy by 
 'UnloMittg the hay^ wliile this good citizen pre- 
 pared the horses. Mountingf we ar lived at the 
 «Harp and Crowa^'' aboiit two o*eloek in the 
 liioniing. To :uBf it was niost agreeable, that 
 WW paasieil Arimgh the streets of Philadelphia, 
 In tlie i|lghr timCf as our clothing was not only 
 thi*eadhp^ but ahabhy* Here we had friends 
 iuid funds* n4 ^1^ advimeeil me a sum 
 
 sliiirtei^ ^ ernme tie lo exdiange my lef^gtM 
 Mii moekatinsy tor a pair of stockings and gbdcSf 
 And ti^ iMt^my eacpenses home. A day and a 
 halfi br^ttglit me to the arua of my beloved pa- 
 rents. 
 
 At iniUadelnliiaf I wiUted upon a cousin of 
 my mother's, Mr. Owen Biddle, then a mem^ 
 her of tilie ^< Council of Safet^>" who Infsrmed 
 
5 other 
 mggon, 
 il«re 
 >r. Wl. 
 ned iMf 
 the ar- 
 
 of oiir 
 Bct, mrc 
 Jnd he- 
 I farm- 
 
 ownet 
 g. He 
 
 we de- 
 lat was 
 he. was 
 rail on 
 is light 
 I loaded 
 
 asleep 
 ►ns, by 
 )n pre- 
 
 at the 
 
 in the 
 that 
 
 ;Iphia, 
 konly 
 [rlends 
 |a sum 
 
 ^«^»» 
 ^lideSf 
 
 land a 
 
 pd pa- 
 
 189 
 
 me* that wliile in captivity^ he had prbcured 
 me a lieutenancy. My heart was otherwise en. 
 gaged. Morgan the hero! had promised and 
 obtained for me, a captaincy in the Tirginia- 
 )itic% Following the fortunes of that bold and 
 judicious eommandery my name might have been 
 emblazoned^ in the rolls of patriotic fame. But 
 alas ! in the course of eight weeks, after mj 
 return from captivity, a slight cold, caught 
 when skating on the ice of Susquehanna* or in 
 
 gursuing the wild-turkey» among the Kittatinny 
 ills, put an end to all my visionary schemes 
 of ambition. This cause renewed that abomin- 
 able disorder, the scurvy, (which I had sup- 
 posed, was expelled from my system,) aecom- 
 panied by every morbid symptom, whieh had 
 been so often observed at Quebec, attendant 
 upon others. The medical men of all classes, 
 being engaged in the army, that species of as- 
 sistance was unattainable, in the degree re^i- 
 site, lameness, as you now observe it, was the 
 consequence. Would to God ! my extreme suf- 
 ferings, bad then ended a life, which since, 
 has been a tissue of labor, pain, and misery^ 
 
 t 
 
 linof 
 nem*- 
 
 *med 
 
 'VS ,-v». 
 
» \ 
 
NOTES 
 
 , •) 
 
 .J - ,. 
 
 NOTE I. page 18. 
 
 The gentlemftn composing thispartyy were unwil- ^ 
 ling to impose upon me, any thing above my apparent 
 strength^ yet in the heyday of youth, I would clap a 
 canoe on my back, and run a hundred yards across 
 a carrying-place. This is done by a particular mode 
 of management. There is a broad stave, some thing 
 like a flour barrel-stave, but strait and thicker, ^ith 
 two perforations in it, an inch or more apart, towards 
 the middle of the stave. A thong of stout leather is 
 inserted through those holest and tightly bound to the 
 central cross-bar of the canoe. The carrier swings 
 the canoe by a sudden jerk upon his shoufelers,.and 
 which he can handle with ease, throwing the lu>llow 
 ^de of the canoe on his back, the stave, if it may b^ 
 so caHed, resting principdly on the hind part qf 
 the head, and the prommenpes of the- shoulders. 
 Thus he may, if a strong man, pass over! a tonsideit-^ 
 able ^space of ground of a difficult natu^, in a Short 
 time with much speed. 
 
 NOTE II. page 23. 
 
 In traversing this meadow, which was a beautiful 
 ^iin, one of the party, found the horns of a moose- 
 
192 
 
 
 
 deer, which from appearances had been shed in the 
 foregoing summer, or perhaps in the beginning of* 
 autumn : being ^en about five feet ten inches high, 
 Getcheil facetiously, jtt gravely, inttsted by way of 
 measurement, thst I should stand lender the main 
 fork. The crown of my head, rubbed against the 
 crown-work of the horns. This to all of us, was mat- 
 ter of great surprize. However, in a short time after- 
 wards the circumstance of size, was thought little o^ 
 when we came into contact with tlie living animal, 
 upon whose head such horns grew. There is a pau- 
 city of words for a description upon paper, of the enor- 
 mous dimensions of the male moose which we saw» 
 and of their hornS. The niale-deer bears horns; the 
 female bears none. Those horns, which we examined 
 minutely, were of a large size, but not so large as 
 some we saw on the living; deet. About fliid#4y of 
 the horn, from the crown of the head^ there is a broftd^ 
 flat part of the hom^ called the bllide, which^ in the 
 apecimeh under examinatd«in, wits i^W two of my spaiis^ 
 or neaiiy twenty inches fh)tti whence branched the 
 proud antlers or prongs There is no ^east of the for^ 
 est more hand somely decorated, uiiless it be ihA 
 rein<leer of the north of Europe a^A«il0i. In the 
 evenings, in the first aS@nsion of the j^^nhebec dhd 
 Dead^rivers, sitting around our sotitarj^ Mnoke fireS) 
 we have often, seen those stately deer^ passing the 
 liver ki droves, sometimes of fifteen or t\^eni^ in num-^ 
 beri the one walking after the other in the accustomed 
 path) but due care and discipline -kept ou^ Urms t|uietl 
 The country around Nattnis hou^e, a circle of ten of 
 fifteen miles, was at that ^me, an adnnrable ^ hUMin|^ 
 
 ground." One day, suddenly passing aShaip pq^t df 
 le rlveri about Ive miles belo# Nirtanis cabbiii^ 
 we as suddenly fell back. We w^ted fresh food. 
 Regardless oi what might follow, Steele permitted us 
 to fire. We had seen five or six of those monstrous 
 deer, standing itk the water kA6e^eep, feeding on 
 their favorite food, the red willow. Boyd, Wheeler 
 ^3bA a^^self |)RS»edthe river, out of s^htof the moosCf 
 
193 
 
 I in the 
 ning of 
 8 high, 
 way of 
 e main 
 inst the 
 as mat- 
 le after- 
 little of, 
 animal, 
 I a pau- 
 le enor- 
 ^e sawr 
 ns; the 
 camined 
 large as 
 dir^y of 
 a broad) 
 [y in the 
 ly ftpaiis^ 
 hed the 
 the fol*^ 
 be th^ 
 In the 
 ee ind 
 e firt:s> 
 iHg the 
 h Aum<^ 
 stomed 
 s ^uiet; 
 teij o^ 
 
 iq^t df 
 cabbii^^ 
 Ih food, 
 tted us 
 
 strous 
 mg on 
 
 heeler 
 oosei 
 
 ill tlie most cautionary manner. The stream htvt 
 was not more than sixty yards wide. Wo approached 
 them through the thick underwood, which clothed 
 the bank. Boyd preceded. The rustling of the loaves 
 alarmed the deer. They throw up their heads. What 
 a sight ! The antlers of several of them, seemed to 
 exceed in size, those we had already seen. Bovd ap- 
 prehensive they were about to run from us, fired with- 
 out giving Wheeler and xnyself, an opportunity to take 
 a stand, but the greatest misfortune was, that tho 
 worthy Boyd, had neglected to clean his gun that day, 
 it made long fire, and but a trifling report. The bullet 
 scarcely reached tlie deer. Wheeler and myself ^ero 
 creeping to our places, when Bpyd's gun disturbed 
 the animals. The guns in our hands, were ineffec- 
 tually disck^rged. This jejune occurrence, is related 
 merely, for the introduction of a single observation. 
 When the bull moose, at the rustling of the leaves, 
 and afterwards when Boyd fired, threw up their heads 
 — the tips of their horns, seemed to me to stand eigh- 
 teen feet in the air. The ndge of the shoulder, seem- 
 ed seventeen hands high. The largest of these ani- 
 mals was a lutiua natura. The moose in ordinary, is 
 of an ashcolored grey. The one I speak of, was 
 flecked, in large spots of red, on a pure white ground. 
 His skin, if we could have obtained it, would have 
 been a valuable curiosity. 
 
 NOTE III. Page 39. 
 
 The birch-bark-canoe, as intimated before, in the 
 body of the work, is not only a curious, but a most in* 
 genious machine. So far as my descriptive powers* cx>* 
 tend, you shall have its construction, descril^d in Wf^* 
 «ing, but without the aid of the pencil, it seems to >c 
 almost impossible to convey to you a juit and accuratP 
 comprehension, of the distmct pails of thki beautiful 
 piece of water-craft. Having had several oppoitUfil- 
 ties to observe the manner of the formation of th<^ 
 birch-bark canoe, in its various stages, a description oK 
 
 R 
 
 i^^ji'- 
 
194 
 
 iSi 
 
 Its seotiDtis may not be di^g^iiteable to you. In the 
 ^onstmction of theeanoe, the bM¥ waA stem ^pieoes are 
 8epai*a!te fWumes, alike in dimen^ens, and made c/f 
 t;edK)>,eypf6!(!B, or any otiier li^ w«ed ; y^ vory lig^ht, 
 and «o wetl or tighlly Ixitiffd by tenons, as >ko requite ti 
 ^cionsiderabie effort to %(*eak them. These bow and 
 slem fseces, suppose a cttnoe^ teti> or «ven fifty i^t, 
 :are t^onnected by 4iitlis> Whh that ^ieh 1 have called 
 gunwales, (^unndS)) correspondent Jn si^e with the 
 Attended leng[th 6f ^he danoe. These gfimwalen are 
 made from the toughei^t afnd best of ^e timlber that the 
 ^ooMfy ^produces. The gun -WiAes atte strongly 6e€%M*ed 
 to^ the hecid and ^\»ftk by tenons aixf l!he 'cedar root in 
 "ft most neiit aind strong manner. The ribs of the oanoe, 
 according to its 'size, are from two to five inches in di« 
 ^mcfter, «f 1^ strafglytest cedar> or 4ir, without knots, 
 closely fitted t^eilher, «ide by side, and wciU sewed by 
 means -dT an awl to the g\in-wales. This frame is 
 eiQ^vet^ed with the ydllOlir-birch-Yind, an e^glith, a sixth, 
 ^0i* a fourth of an inch thiek. This bark, when applied 
 to cfl^oes, is from two to Ifbur fcfet in length ; commen- 
 surate with the ^a^enSiOA of the bow and ^em Trom 
 <eacb e^Oter. Each 'part of thb bark, whore the seamii 
 tueet, Is iMcely sewed toother by the split cedar root, 
 thteSe i^ms are th^ pitched 'Over in a ridge, by a 
 tfaird vitdh, in the width of perhaps an mch or more, so 
 tis tcr make the vessel, truly that ivliii:^ s(eafi|Cn call 
 water-tight. But to this clumsy attempt to describe 
 to you a boat, which you have never seen, and perhaps 
 Tie ver will see, it seems requisite totiidd another ob^r- 
 iradon. , The bark which encircles the bottom of the 
 Hsaboe, is %trongfly tlttached to th^e jgiUn^^ales by cedar 
 -Y^otjmudi in the "same maimer as i have seen you 
 ^teta^ng wi^e, for the making of attSliciai floweits. 
 lthi^%a^t'thtfs prepared and applied, speaking com- 
 ^rad¥dy, (great with small,) is a mucfh stronger ma- 
 ^^iiriia, thiol your thread, either of fiaiic <or.iiiik. The 
 ^ttir#«ile was as neatly laced by the cedar, suid almost tcs 
 ^'dli^aniefital, and equally strong<in texture, as the caneb 
 'mt WMtt^timea See ^om In^, •covered with s|rtits'df 
 
 •f 
 
19S 
 
 h\ the 
 dOesare 
 nade of 
 y light, 
 Bquh«eii 
 ow and 
 ftyibet, 
 s called 
 ith the 
 kiB are 
 diQtthe 
 secntvd 
 
 reotffi 
 i oanoe, 
 « 'in di- 
 t kndtS) 
 Ki^ed by 
 ttitie is 
 I sixth, 
 Eipplied 
 mmen- 
 [1 Titftti 
 
 irtoot, 
 , hy a 
 cfre, sb 
 sh call 
 ascribe 
 erh^ps 
 ob^r- 
 of the 
 cedar 
 tn yoti 
 iitireM. 
 com- 
 
 !t'tll«- 
 
 Thc 
 
 Hosttra 
 cancss 
 its'bf 
 
 ratteen, or some other pliant plant, of southern growth. 
 The paddles are mntfoftnly made of ash, where it cait 
 be obtained, biu most usuaUy df birch, or even of softei* 
 wood, in this part of Canada. Many of the paddles 
 which I saw,L were doubte-bladed, that is a bkide at each 
 end of the handle or pole, and in the hands of a strong 
 person wou'd be from its formation, apparently as light 
 as a feather. The pushing-pole was of the same kmd 
 ofmaterials, but iighl, and if irot) could be had, was 
 shod at the but-end. The rapid and rocky rivers which 
 those poor people the Indians, must ascend and djcs- 
 ceild ia their huiMtiing excursions.)^ and which th^ do 
 'With inconceivable doxterity, requires ft qulcknefiJi ^ 
 ipotion of the body, panicularly the armS) whkh )» 
 tmily astonUluiig. Thci paddte^ at this laomiQiit U9«d 
 on the rig^t, md then instantly cast on the left hftnd q£ 
 the cajf)oe,t foquircQ ft celerity of action which none but 
 &uch as axe usied to those exercises dare undertake. In, 
 t)iose instances the double-bladed paddle, saves haUE 
 the time which would be employed by the singk bUd- 
 ed, in these arduous but necessary labours. AcUvity 
 and agility, firom U^e eircumstance, of the pre€arious*< 
 ness of an Indian ltfe» and their manner of subsisting,, 
 become in their education a primary parental motive ;: 
 without thote quiditles,aA Indian oaa never acquire toie^ 
 Ond is often starved. . ' 
 
 It often re^exhilirates my mind, when reflecting' 
 on the waywardness and unhappiness of laay life^ 
 to remember the occurrencea, (July 1773)) in a 
 part of a days journey from the windlasa of the okb 
 carrying place, on the south side of the river, west of 
 Niagara, by a path which led us to a celebrated fbun-r^^ 
 tam, a little below the brow of the hill, called Mount 
 Pleasant, and thence to the falls. My youtliful imagi«>; 
 nation was greatly excited. The company ccnaiated 
 of a French gentleman, my uncle John Hexuy, and my^ 
 sel£ The Frenchman was a trader who had but just 
 arrived ^m the Utinoia country, and had deah beyond 
 the Mksissdppi. When we came to Stedznim's, his 
 canoe^ attended by three or four eoutitra de bmy lay^on 
 the beach turned upside down, with an immense number 
 
196 
 
 of packs of beaver, press-packed, strewed around, per- 
 haps the whol^ might have been 3000 lb. wt. The ca- 
 noe was of birch^fifty fefct in length, most beautifully 
 made, its breadth was probably from six to seven feet 
 in the middle, I (CXflmined with a curiosity, such as h 
 boy of my age might possess. 
 
 NOTE IV— Page 53. 
 
 Morgan was a strict disciplinarian. Permit an 
 anecdote. He had obtained the command of the rifle 
 corps from Arnold, without any advertence to the bet- 
 ter claim of Hendricks, who, though the youngest man 
 was of tlie three captains, in point of rank, by the dates 
 of commissions, the superior officer. Hendricks, for' 
 the sake of peace in the army, and of good order, pru- 
 dently and good naturedly acquiesced in his assumption 
 of the command, foi* Morgan had seen more service in 
 our former wars. 
 
 At this piace, Morgan had given it out in orders, 
 that no one should fii*e. One Chamberlainey a worth- 
 less fellow, who did not think it worth while to draw; 
 his bullet, had gone some hundreds of yards into the* 
 woods, and discharged his gun. Lieut. Steele hap-' 
 pened to be in that quarter at the time; Steele had but 
 arrived'at tlie fii*e, where we sat, when Morgaiv who 
 * had seen him coming, approached our camp,' and seat-' 
 ed himself within our circle. Presently Ciiamberlame 
 fiaime, gbn in hand, and was passing our fire,'' towards 
 that of his mess. Morgan called to the soldier— rac^f 
 cused him as the defaulter — this the mj^i, ^an arrant 
 liar^) denied. Morgan apijealedto Steele. Steele ad-' 
 mitted he heard the report, but knew not the paity 
 who discharged the gun. Morgan suddenly si)ringing 
 to a pile of billets, took one^ and swore he would knock 
 tbe accused down unless he confessed the fact. In**; 
 stantlyV Smith seized another billet, and swore he 
 would strike Morgan if he struck the man. Morgalt 
 knowing the tenure of his rank, receded. This was 
 
 *v' - 
 
 nrwt: 
 
as u 
 
 197 
 
 the only spirited act I knew of Smith. Such were the- 
 roap:h-hewn characters, which, in a few subsequent 
 years, by energy of mmd and activity of body, bore ut 
 safely through the dreadful storms of the revolution. 
 Morgan was of an impetuous temper, yet withal, pru- 
 dent in war, as he was fearless of personal danger; 
 His passions were, quick and easily excited, but they 
 were soon cooled. This observation is applicable to 
 many men of great talents,' and to none more than 
 Morgan. His severity, at tinMs, has made me shudderi 
 though it was necessary, yet it would have bebn a 
 pleasing trait in his character, if it had been less rigidi. 
 
 NOTE V. page 64. 
 
 I cannot exactly recollect the Xime^ but the records 
 •f Government will show,, that this miserable man^ 
 was indicted of a burglary and convicted. His respect* 
 able brother, Mr. Jacob Shaeffer of Lancaster, (Penn.) 
 Implied to me, to certify, in his favor, [It was in 1780 
 or 1781,1 to the president and council, who had tfao 
 power of pardon. The representation was, in sub- 
 stance simHar to the present. Thi» part of our trans* 
 actions, rests in my memory; but the impression i$ 
 so strong, that I cannot forget it. It gave me great 
 pleasure to imagine^ that probably I might agaiii 
 contribute: to the saving the life of a man, whicn I 
 had actually saved pnce before. At that time» by tmf 
 law^ the punishment of burglary was death, and Wf 
 compatriot Shaeffer^ was. under that sentence* My 
 soul was vgiieved. 
 
 . In a drunken- bout at Philadelphia^ behad blindif 
 stumbled into a house, which he took to be his lodg- 
 ings. Here detected. in one of the chambers'^ he wa»^ 
 elmrged aa^ a felon. Gracious: God i upon the super- 
 &:es of thy earth, there was never a more unoffenaUg 
 soul. He could scarcely see a yard before bim; 
 
 It has amused, and. pleased me often^ tahear 4h. 
 .]be 9XtoU me. He Is now industrious. 
 
198 
 
 The kt€ of JaiuM Warner^ (afcd p. 6^.) ftmongf otheri^ 
 WM rMly lamentable. He tvas jwoMgy handsome In apt 
 pearance» not more than twenty^five jrears c^age ; he wae 
 athletic and seemed to surpass in bodily strength. Yet 
 withal, he was a dolt. His wife was beautiful, though 
 coarse in manners. The hitsband on the other hand) 
 was a poor devil, constantly out of view> or in the back- 
 ground of the picture. 
 
 We heard nothing of them after entering the marsh, 
 and until a month had ehipsed at Quebec. In Deceih* 
 ber, the wife or widow of poor James Warner, came 
 to our quarters on the Lowgrounds, bearing her hu&r 
 band's rifle, his powder-horn and pouch. She appear- 
 ed fresh and rosy as ever. This arose from the reli- 
 gious and gratuitc\!s Bpirtt Of the Csiiadians. 
 
 The story Mra. Jemima Warner told, was extremely 
 affecting^ uid may be worth reme mb er i ng, as I'c is 
 somethk^i; like a sample of the whole of our diatressef 
 aadintolet^le disasters. 
 
 The husband waA a ^p^eot ^ter His stoves of psth 
 vinon% a^r the partition, at the head of the Chau- 
 diere, inrcre in a little time consumed. The oonsumi-t 
 HMte wUe ran back from the marsh, and found her bet 
 UivtA husband sitting at the firat of a ti€e> where he 
 said be was determined to die. 
 
 The tender-hearted womail, attendedher ill-fitted bus* 
 hand several da^s,ui?gfaig his march forward; he again 
 Sat dovm. Findmg all her solicitations ooul^ not inSico 
 hua to mOf she left him, having placed all the Inread 
 m her pos^esaioo, between hia legs with a canteen tii 
 Iftader. She bore h}s Msa and ammunititti to Quebec^ 
 where she recounted the story. The nepl^wa of Na^ 
 Mni% alterwatda at Quebec^ confirmed the relation of 
 t|ii»food wiomail Foi' when g(»ng up^ and eettmumr 
 down Iher liver with our inestimable friend MCleland^ 
 she urged thepi, Mii^ised m tears tx> lak« her husband 
 fPKbaait Th<7 were neceasnnfy deaf to licrentireatl» 
 Tims ^^erlshedu tins unfartuoBte^ man, ataperiodof hie, 
 $^ mJim the bvdUy pow<a% are gtaeralfy ia their 
 
199 
 
 fiiU ptrfeetiofi. Hf> add mftnjr etfaet8> vAio died ml 
 the wilderness^ lost their lives by au inaxMidehite 
 gluttofliy. They ate as much at a iiieal> as ought ta 
 have been ia our circitfnstaiicea the jmyviakm of four 
 day% and a inarch of one hundred miles. Yo^mg men>. 
 wtthoot knowledge or a t>re¥ious esjierieiicey kre very 
 difficult to govern by eage-^dvioey when the rt^ of 
 hunger assi^. 
 
 I To conclude this lengthy notO) allow me to iutro* 
 duce to youy another instance of human miseiy^ which> 
 came under my eye, in this dokmrns and dreadfiif 
 inarch. As was before observed hi the body of the 
 work « At the head of the Chaudiere, it was given 
 out by the officers, that order would not be required 
 from the soldiery in the march, fcc." , Yet the com- 
 panies, being ia the most part either fellow-townsmen^ 
 •r from the same county adhered together, bound by 
 tfiat affectionate attachment, which is engendered by 
 the locality of birth, or the habitudes of long and se- 
 vere services, in a communion and endurance of hard« 
 ships and desperate adventures. It appears to, me, Ut* 
 be a piihciple of the human mind, ^^ that the monir 
 hardships we endure in company of each other, the 
 greater becomes our esteem and affection for our fel- 
 low-suHerers.'^ For myself^ this is said from experi- 
 mented woe and extreme calamity. 
 
 We had no path, the river was oiur gmde. One da}r, 
 either the second or third of this mareh> a mounUuir 
 J!Utt?ng ul a most precipitate form into the river, eom- 
 peUed us to pass the margHu)f4be stream upon a loni^ 
 log, which had been brpCi^ht thi^r by some former 
 freshet The bark am limbs ^ the tree had been 
 worn aw|iy by the mb^Vkngs of the ice^ and the trunk li^ 
 kngthwiae along the narrow passage, imooth and tlapi-^ 
 pery, and gorged the pass. TIas difficulty had oAp 
 kcied here a.hetetfogeiiQus mass of the trv^gpS) ^hc^ 
 iMmed the r%ht «f pa8«agi» aecording ^ the otdctr «{ 
 «onungt#it. The log was to be footed, ^ the waitef^ 
 of the depth of three or iunt feel» m««t be Fpde^ 
 There waft 09 ahemattve. 
 
 *.. -vj 
 
 \w 
 
 ^■\fi ».-.- ^ t>A 
 
2GfO 
 
 -headed^ and thinlf dad, lean and vrretched-from 
 abstinence^ ^th his musket in handy passed the log kn^ 
 mediatelv before me . His foot slipped, ^ and he tell 
 aeveral net bto the water. We jpassed on regardless 
 of his fate. Eve.^ his immediale friends and comrades, 
 many of whom were on the log at the same moment 
 j^ not deigpi to lend him an assisting hand. Deith 
 stared us in the face. I gave him a sincere sigh at 
 parting, for to lose my place in the file, mi^ht have 
 been fatal. This pitiable being died in the wilderness; 
 The hard fate of many others might be recapitulated, 
 but the dreadful tale of incidents, if truly told, would 
 inerely serve to lacerate the heart of pity, and harrow 
 up the feelings of the soul of benevolence. Tears 
 many years since, have often wetted my cheeks, when 
 recollecting the£sastersof that unfortunate campaigt^ 
 the memorable exit of my dearest friends, and of many 
 worthy follow-citizens, whose worth at this time, is^ 
 embalmed solely in the breasts of their surviving as* 
 sociates. Seven died sheerly from famine ; and many 
 others by disorders arising from hard service in tb^ 
 wtMemess.. 
 
 ■.<**» 
 
 NOTE VI. I^ge 113, and NOTE Xr. Page 144. 
 
 «v& rdation^to the amall^x, the circumstance about 
 $0 be related, is most assunedly true, as it is known to^ 
 me of toy own particular knowledge. A number of 
 lllMiieil tWlett^ith^^ bifeodon of the small^pox, catne 
 ijlto ouriaiiy^f^htii. 
 
 p in thi t^ng oftheyear 1776^ our army was reduced 
 |j|rid0eeiise of men, er debilitation 6f bodyj so: that they 
 eBisMvm, «ct effisctively^ and in the eyes^ the wcvld, la 
 dil^pi^iiAde retreat to& plae^, which It was«no^ tlieilk 
 ^te ]^iiiiE«t"^ Now it may be safoiy as- 
 
 W^ti^^i^ great numbers^of the «cdd&r»^^oculated 
 4leiii«&l«e8 ibr the small-pott, b$t laeeration under tb0 
 lte^^ii»iii) by itteans of pinsor lieedlet, either ti^bb*^ 
 J&^M-tmmikit ^ duty, ^ t^ gt^ over that ki^fiBll' 
 '4iaDfdler in an easy and speedy way. 
 
 4^:^ 
 
I"fr6(in 
 ogkn^ 
 be tell 
 irdlets 
 iradeft) 
 omenta 
 Death 
 ligh at 
 : have 
 &mes9» 
 ulated, 
 would 
 larroW 
 Tears 
 whent 
 paigi^ 
 manjF 
 ne, im 
 ng aB<i 
 many: 
 
 ai>6ut 
 
 erof 
 mtne 
 
 iced 
 they 
 d) a 
 
 km 
 
 V as- 
 
 bb-^ 
 
 201 
 NOTE VII, Page 123. 
 
 The death of my friend Boyd, was to me as a thuh" 
 derbolt ; psdnful in an excessive degree ; many a tear 
 has since been shed to his manes. In the autumn of 
 1T79, he commanded a company of rifle-men, of the 
 ^rst Pennsylvania regiment. When Sullivan bad p6n- : 
 etrated into the Seneca country, in the neighborhood 
 of the Genessee river. Boyd, as my informaUon is 
 from various gentlemen, was ordered withabandof 
 twenty choice-m^n, hefore dayUght to make an excur-i^ 
 sioii towards an Indian village, oh the river Genessee, 
 (which flows north into lake Ontario,) at a distance of 
 eight miles, for the purpose of making discoveries. In 
 hisretum, arriving at a rising ground, a knoll, he heard 
 a rustling of the leaves in his front : an enemy was. sus- 
 pected ; he gathered his men around him, each taking 
 his tree. The enemy was sightless to Boyd, sirid hS 
 party, yet the approach around him was sensihle to 
 evei^ ode. Boyd not knowing the number of his aMi*\ 
 sailants, it is said, considered them as a small body of 
 observation. • This party of Indians, probably one thou* 
 sandy encompassed Boyd and his men, gradually : 
 a defence worthy of the character of Boyd'^'ttiDk place.- 
 Every man he had was kilted, except three, who beoke 
 thix>ugh the Indians, and brought the doleful tidings to 
 our cahip, Boyd was taken, and carried alive, to the 
 Indian-town, whera he was tortured after their savage 
 custom, and his body mangled in the most horrible 
 manner. General Simpson, who was thsafi with thf?* 
 army, assures me, that on the following 'dkf^ when tl^' 
 troops arrived at the town, m the wigwam%^ii^ &aiB«' 
 a number of fresh scalps stretched in^ the iisUal ctian-^ 
 ner on small hoops, a]^ painted. The head dT Bc^' 
 l«y in one of the cabins, newly ^ssevered. : Hb sa^' 
 ^^ still moist and hooped a»4 painted. ^iin^jBon knew^ 
 it by Itb long brown and silky hair : it is now preserved' 
 as a relic c^ our friend. An oflicer,^ (captain A. W^* 
 derson,) lately> in describing this une(|ual, but arduous' 
 fight, upon the part of Boyd> told me, m that the hands 
 
202 
 
 ofll»a<laib4m«n>iir many instances, were fast closed 
 upon the hair of Indians." 
 
 To p,ye. jmi & more perfect idiea of the brutality of 
 sa;rage torture^ and oC heart-rending sensations. I can 
 dmM» better than to lay before you, the letter of the 
 hooDrablB Thomas CampbeU, of the senate, vho lum- 
 self htA been a mtrt^r in our cause. He saw the 
 dorpae o£ the unfortunate Boyd ott the INlowing day, 
 andittterfe4iit. Since the dicath oC cokmel Oawfiird 
 we kaow. nothing like the present martyrdom, in. the 
 jjmuO'OtVixttfi and it it to be hoped^r Wn the pru^^ 
 4eBiee aftff stna^Ii Dfthe fiedesal government, nothipg 
 d the kiad willi ag««i| occur m Q«ir future wara with 
 the ahiKtgui«» ef our Qcmntry. 
 
 '^^-SSVATQ ChA;MB£I|, LANCASTBa 
 
 ^Jf^numy 30<A, lao^. 
 
 «^Captra Ueutenant ThomaaBoyd* belpnging 
 <^ to the cifleiKen. of therstate d Pennsylvaiiia, was moat 
 <« inhumanly murdered by the Indiass. Hi& death oc> 
 ^^eun'od on the Idth day of September, 1779^, at the 
 ^k Ckneasee Caat&e, on general Sullivan's expedition ta 
 << thib north-we«t*ward» against the Six-nation Indians., 
 c ft He was aenton the nijg^of the Uthof September^ 
 <t from the camp> near a lake called «« Conesus," with 
 M a party of menf cwiuating ef twemy aoldiersf five 
 <« "fohiiyteers and an Indian chief, named Han-Jost» 
 ^ bekiQgiiig to the Oneida nation : in alitwenty-sevefQ 
 (^m nninber. They were tent by general SullivaQt 
 '^tfi lecoaiieltre an in^bai«tDwi^ auppoaed to be about 
 <« six u^tea (tistant from the camp. On the morning 
 «& dT the lath flf September, the army took up the line 
 ^of BUuxh before sunnse* but marching a short dis- 
 1* ta&ce^ waa ob%ed to (wlt^ tiUi the pioneers made u 
 ««bridig|^ gver a moraaa, otberwiie the c«nnon eo«M 
 M not have been bioug^ up« The town thaJt captain 
 c^Boydl waft taken to, was evacuated by all except 
 HtwoirlndiaDa^ one was on horsefaack* the other was 
 u leading a. cdwr James £lU6t and Ttmsothy Murph^; 
 « were sent to stop them, they both discharged tneif . 
 
 V..' 
 
 b-^ ^ 
 
203 
 
 <i guns at the sathe time, the lotie that led the tow was 
 '«< killed, the other though severely wounded escaped. 
 « Boyd reluming slowly, expec^ngto meet'tiieamvy 
 '^ saw an Indiati stan tip and run off. It was witli gt«ttt 
 ^difficulty, iliat Boyd stop): the men from pursuit, «t 
 'f^ the request of Han-3t>&t, fj^o ssdd the Vidian w^ 
 <« <aAj «* a ramtery' vetttiofiraw'theiii hlto an ambun- 
 '•< cade. Eighteen of ifae sdldiets weiie 'killed, and 
 ^ Han^Jost tlie ^ncada chief, was made a greater sa- 
 M ciiftce, ttmxi any of die white men, who^ll orwerle 
 'M taken at thitt plate. 
 
 « Captain Boyd and Michael Parker were made 
 « prisoners, and taken to the Genessee'Oantle, andihere 
 << most inhumanly murdered. Boyd^ head was ti^n 
 *«< Off and totally slonned, his right'eye was tfiOcentrnt, as 
 ^ also his toqfgue. His rig^t ^t, from the ball iif 
 ^* the heel to the toes, was laid open as if with akmfe. 
 « He was cut open across the bottom of his belly, and 
 « his bowels, were taken out, 4md a^ery long ktufe, 
 «< was sticking in between his shoulders, descending 
 <\to the vital parts. This seems to have been the 
 « coup de grace. 
 
 (( General Simpson and myself, were sent to see 
 « the corpse of Boyd interred. I spread a blanket on 
 <( the ground beside him, we then turned the corpse 
 ^ over on it. I took the head of the deceased, and^ut 
 ^< it as near the neok as possible. I procured aneedle 
 '<(and thi'eadtlrom one of the taylors, ancl'sewed the 
 '« corpse up as well as I could. As to 1^ head of 
 (cliftdiael Parker, k >c^)fuM not lie found. iAll «he 
 «<'fiesh was cut *out, from his 'shoulders downWu^, 
 « and otherwise his body was most inhumanly triaiigled^ 
 
 w We interred the eorpses of both, near the 'XSenes- 
 
 see Castle, in separate ^mves, on tbe 14th day^Of Sep- 
 « tember, 1779. 
 
 « lam Sir, ^ ^ 
 
 , « Your humble servant ^ 
 
 a THOMAS aAlUPBEIl^. 
 \^ hatca cttfittm of iht Joutth 
 
 ^^ PentiMytva ^'^tifncTtff 
 
 <* To THE HOH. JOHW JTOS. HEWIMT." 
 
 *ii 
 
 r 
 
 ■ 4* 
 
WMWawVfM 
 
 m 
 
 204 
 
 Though wc have no Account from an eye witness, 
 of the barbarous manner in which Captain Boyd was 
 toftuied, yet we may conceive from the appearance 
 of hia body* th^^t the most malignant and hellish punt, 
 were exercised upon It. The being. emboweUed, con- 
 veys an idea of a known mode of Indian torment: 
 the fixing an endof the entrails to the stake, and com- 
 , polling the prisoner by fire and blows, to run till the 
 .conglomerated mass is expended. Upon the subject 
 ;of these tortures, look at Doctor CoMen's Histoiy of 
 the Mohawks, and Judge Smith's History of New- 
 :York. . • ;.....*■ 
 
 Colonel Cambell is of opinion, that the wound^long 
 the sole of captain Boyd's foot, was made before the 
 savages brought him to their (Castle) or village. His 
 reason is, that the wound was filled, with bits of rotten 
 .branches of wood, and small pieces of leaves. The 
 j (conjecture may be true, as Indian punishment, at its 
 I acme, is to give the greatest degree of pain. 
 
 NOTE VIII. page 125. 
 
 Of ihe treatment of Ethan Allen, at the time spo- 
 
 ^ken oi^ we knew nothing but from report, which we 
 
 then thought wdl-grounded, and the truth of which, 
 
 at this day, there is no reason to doubt. He was a 
 
 man of much peculiarity of character. Liarge, powei> 
 
 ,ful of body, a most ferocious temper, (fearing neither 
 
 . God nor man,^ of a most darbg courage, and a 
 
 ^pertbiacity of disposition, which was unconquerable, 
 
 „and very astonishu^g inioJl his undertakings : withal 
 
 he had the art of making himself beloved, and revered 
 
 by^ all his followers. When he was taken in the Isle 
 
 m M<mtreal, in 1T75, the government found it neces- 
 
 ^sary to confine him in a cage, as one would a wild 
 
 bcMt, and thus aboard ship, he was transported to 
 
 Quebec. What his treatment was during this voyage 
 
 to England, is unknown to me. 
 
 I 
 
vitnesS} 
 yd was 
 ^arance 
 1 punt, 
 
 d, con- 
 ment : 
 id com- 
 m the 
 subject 
 itory of 
 f New- 
 
 . ■> 
 d^long 
 'ore the 
 
 e. His 
 ){ rotten 
 J. The 
 t, at its 
 
 spo- 
 lich we 
 which, 
 
 was a 
 powcr- 
 I neither 
 
 and a 
 lerable, 
 
 withal 
 revered 
 the isle 
 
 neces- 
 
 a wild 
 ^rted to 
 JTOjrage 
 
 r 
 
 This however, is known, that for many years, hw 
 was a prisoner in Eng^d, retumhig from his capti- 
 vity to America, he brought \^i(h mm a mantiscript, 
 ■which he afterwards entitled <*The Oracle of Rea- 
 ^n." My beloved children, it is the farthest from, 
 my thought, to confine your knowledge to narrow; 
 bounds ; when you dip into scriptural history, dipdeep» 
 do not skim the surface of the subject, as many fools 
 have done of late days. Upon a thorough inqubry, 
 your hearts will be animated by a convictioii, that 
 therfe came a Saviour to redeem you from eternal per- 
 •dition, and to provide for you, an eternal salvation 
 and state 6f happiness. 
 
 That boolr was tndst certsdnly the composition of 
 ^than Allen. He. was verj^ illiterate; he 4id not 
 kiibw the; orthography of onr language. The extent 
 ^ his learning, prdbably bounded by some historic^ 
 chronicles, and a few other books of little account, did - 
 not go beyond the sci^iptures. The gentleman, who 
 gave me the above information, was an elegant scho- 
 lar, bred at Harvard college. Going to New-York, in, 
 the summer of 1786, a friend from mere curiosity^ 
 requested me to purchase the book for him. Bein^ 
 detained at New- York six weeks by business, I fre^ 
 quently looked into the detestable volume. The argu* 
 ment, if so diabolic a' work, can be ssdd to contaun ar- 
 gument, was in general arrai^ged, and conducted ili 
 the same maniner as the <<Ag^ of Reason,'* but in a 
 coarser, and yet a more energetic language, than that 
 of die latter work. On m^ return to Philadelphia, ia. 
 a conversation with the Vermontese gentleman, wlib^ 
 was still there, << Ethan Allen's bible," became a topic- 
 of discourse. He gave me this curious ahecdote, 
 which he averred upon his hotior to be true. A you%^ 
 gentleman, either a scholar of Harvard or Yale col- 
 lege had come into Vermont, and there taught n 
 school. Allen labored under the want of an amanu* 
 ensis and transcriber, of knowledge and learning. 
 The scholar td increase his emoluments, became 8uc£i, 
 Allen attended Wm daUy, standing staff .^j^Wlhd, kV 
 
mpm 
 
 mtmmm 
 
 sfto 
 
 the back of the young man's chair. ^ Sir/' he would 
 say to Allen (< this word is misspelled," «< Amend 
 it :" Again ^ this word is misplac^, the sense is in- 
 correct, &c. Allen, who was most profane, would 
 swear (sometimes raising his staff) « Bv G * * sir, 
 you shall insert it ; you shall not alter it. Thus the 
 «< Oracle of Re^ison," came into the world; which, of 
 idl books, is the most bluntly vicious, as regards the 
 well>being of society; the ssdyation of souls ; and the 
 happiness of those, who have &ith in the redemption, 
 by die blood of our Saviour. But that which is very 
 remarkable, id, that long, after the publication of Al«, 
 len*s book, which had uiilen into oblivion, even with 
 its readers, that vile reprobate, Thomas Pune, loaded 
 with every crime, which stains and dishonors the chris- 
 ilaA and the gentleman, (in addition to his shameful 
 practices in hfe, Paine, as an author, superadded 
 plagiarism,) filched from Ethan Allen, the great 
 body of his deistical and atheistical opimons, which 
 from the time of Celsus, down to the age of Chubb, 
 T^idal and others, have been so often refuted by men, 
 <^f the utmost respectability of character and fame. 
 When we reflect upon the vicissitudes of this world, 
 itf immense revolutions in tei][iporal affairs, the awful 
 ^rsecutions, which occu^ed in early times, the col- 
 ^ lisions of oinnion and party rage, in the article of re- 
 0^' figious belief; and jhe vast. body of martyrs, who de- 
 < :foted their lives in support of their &ith, fue muat 
 /^ iSelieve,' that there is something more than ordinary; 
 ^6mething really Divine in the system of our religion, 
 iB^ringing from God himself. In the last ages, we 
 knoy of many of both sexes, of the soundest and best 
 instructed minds, whom it is almost needless to name, 
 unless it be merely for the purpose of opposing their 
 virtue^ and characters, to. persons of a d ifferent mode 
 of thinking. All of them possessed a firm and solid 
 eretience, m the celestial origin of our holy -faith, and 
 some of thfem sealed their creed with Uieir blood. 
 When such men suffer because of principle, some 
 reliapce , sb(»ild be placed on their good sense and 
 
2H 
 
 knowledge. The terms enthusiasm and madneiis, have 
 been too often coupled; as conveying the same idea : 
 George Fox, captain Meade, and Wmiam Penn^ have 
 been called enthusiastic madmen, but we now know* 
 that they acted through the course of the religious 
 parts of their lives, from a conviction of the principles 
 of the gospel, being genuine and absolutely tnie^ 
 However, on this subject, but a few names need be 
 repeated to convey tb your minds its importance and 
 ^oremnity. Many of the greatest men, as it concerns 
 worldly Uungs, were christians, r' John Huss, Jerome 
 of Prague, Martin Luther, John Calvin, Cranmer, 
 Hooker, 'Tillotson, of the clergy; of the laity, Sir 
 Thomas Moore, Sir Matthew Hale, Spangenberg, Mos- 
 heim, -Joseph Adttison, itichard Steele, Lord ^emy 
 ^S^t^*brt>T<feMK^i&a1^ l)f their lives 
 
 and writings^ a reliance on the merits of the redempr 
 tion by the blood of Christ Jesus. . But when we find 
 those nieti, supported and re-inforced, by two of the 
 strongest minded hien, that ever lived; Sir Isaac 
 Newton and John Locke, who can doubt? When we 
 contrast their oj;Hnions, with those of Hobbs,. .Chupb» 
 Henry St. John, Voltaure, J. J. Rousseau, Beringeri 
 the great Frederick of Pruswa, br Mr. Gibbon^ how 
 deeply do the last not fink, by the we^ht of reason 
 and argument? Allen and Padne, are paltry wretches, 
 mere scribblers, if elAssed with the men last nattied. 
 Those were beautiful wrfeers, whose IsmgUage fesci- 
 nates, but corrupts the youthful mind, these i^rc duU 
 plodders, who know not the principles of their motticft* 
 tongue; but it is perhaps frbm the circunistan?;e of 
 illiterateness, that Allen and Pwne, hate attacked 
 christiamty in so grossand indecorous a niaainer. fh^ 
 maniac Paifie, when confined m the prison, Concfer- 
 gerie, at Paris, seetns lo-Boast "that he kept nQP|- 
 ble." This may be true. But the expression show^, 
 that lus proper place instead of a common jaiH ^}^^^^^, 
 have been a mad*house. ^ 
 
212 
 
 It s!«ews lioweveF) a vanity of mind beyond the bear* 
 ing of men of understanding^. Indeed he M'as inflated 
 by a supercilioui pride, and an imagiiiarv importance, 
 which made his society undesirable. He was one of 
 that class of men, who with a small »pice of learning, 
 in company, domineered as if he had oeen a Johnson. 
 He was almost unbearable to many men, who patron- 
 ized him, because of the ^^ effect of his works dur- 
 ing the revolution. . To give you a few instances; the 
 late David Rittenhouse, Esq. one of the most amiable, 
 most ingemous and best of men^ treasurer of the state, 
 Oeorge Bryan, Esq^ the vice-president of the council, 
 a man of great reading and much good sense, Jona- 
 than Sergeant, the attorney general of Pennsylvania, 
 who«e oratorical powers, could scarcely be surpassed, 
 character, dur!n|^ *th^ course ot the years TtjTlfairf 
 *79, were in habits of intimacy with him, but his dog- 
 matic disposition and obstinacy of mind, frequently 
 caused great disgust. Again, colonel Samuel John 
 Attlee, an excellent patriot, and a man of note among 
 tis, both in the military and civil capacities of a citi- 
 zen, gave this anecdote to me, a few months after 
 the occurrence happened. Though all the gentlemen 
 ^present, approved of the writings of Paine, as they 
 tpncemed our political state, tor tney were all of them 
 to a man, good whigs, yet they abhorred him, because 
 of his personal aberrations from virtue, and the decen- 
 cies of social lifi$. A Mr. Mease of Philadelphia, who 
 was clothi^ general, had invited a number of gentle- 
 men of the army, then in the city, to dine with him. 
 Among whom were colonel Attlee, colonel Francis 
 Johnson, general Nichols, and maily members of the le- 
 gislature of whom there wasMatthiasSlough of Lancas- 
 ter. You may readily suppose, that the excellent wine of 
 Mr. Mease, exhilarated the company. When return* 
 ing to their lodgings, colonel Attlee observed Paine 
 doming towards them down Market-street. There 
 ^comes <<Common Sense," says Attlee to the com<» 
 paiiy; «Damn him, says Slough, I shall common 
 
 i 
 
213 
 
 sense him." As he approached the party, they took 
 the wall. Mr. Slough tripped him, and threw hliw 
 on his back into a eutter, Which at that time, wai 
 very offensive and filthy. 
 
 Tlus is told, to communicate a trait to you, 'in the 
 character of Thomas Psdne, who did some good, but 
 a vast deal of harm to mankind, " that the very people 
 who were most benefitted by hfs literary labours^ hat- 
 ed him." Tfie company I have spoken of, were all 
 men of eminence in the state ; men who staked their 
 a//, on the issue of the revolution. The writings of 
 Paine as concerns ua, are many of them handsomely 
 worded, have pith and much strength of a^umenti 
 and are in general correct, yet his domestic life and 
 manners, were so very incorrect, that a disgust, which 
 was perhaps ri^ht, destroyed every favorable pergon- 
 al feelin|^ towands him. His indelicacy was mtoler- 
 able. His numbers of Common Sense, the Crisis^ aiid 
 some other of his fugitive pieces^ evety American 
 who recollects those "trying times," must acknow- 
 ledge to have been extremely benefklal to our cause. 
 This has often b^en admitted by our generals 'Wash- 
 ington, Gales,' Greene, Sec. but he was compensatedi, 
 and had the secretaryship for foreign affairs; Like alt 
 men of bad principles, he betrayed his trust, and a 
 virtuous Congress displaced him, yet the different 
 states, more than remunerated him for all h^ writings. 
 
 So it is, that that man, who was withouf virtue, a 
 disturber of society, an 111 husband^ an unworthy citi'> 
 zen, cloaked by every vice, would now by his <« Age 
 of Reasoik," which he stole fixMn the ignorant Ethnn 
 Allen, who was as iniquitous as^ himself^ destroy the 
 peace of mind, and all the hope of happiness in futu- 
 rity, of those who rely on the redemptioh of their 
 souls, by the blood of Christ ;aii| that, without si^ 
 stitttting or even suggesting, aRH^pier manner of 
 faith,' tending to quiet the minds ^Ij^^ers; I knew 
 Paine well, and that personally, for ^|^|^d^d hi'* the 
 house of my Father, during the ti 
 Howe and Clinton, were in Philaxl< 
 
 S Z 
 
 l^iai^ehe^ 
 
Uloo resetted the ^nicrtainment he ^ave him. Hia 
 manners were in o]>po»ition and hoatile to the obser* 
 Yancc9 of the proprictiea and due ordinances of social 
 (ife. Manv who approved of his political wriUngSy 
 ^bom^J^Ued his detestable mode of living and acting, 
 [t am justified in using these expresslonsi by an oc« 
 i:urrence iti iT94, with my own motner* She was a wo« 
 man of stix^ng understanding], and of unfeigned and ri- . 
 gid belief in the truths of (6ospel»histonr, yet; a dis- 
 passionate placid and mild religionist. Her heart was 
 80 free from tl^nking ill of any one^ that of a trutb» of 
 her it might b«» said '^ she knew no guile." One day 
 going to a l^ookseUer's in Lancaster^ I met with an 
 extract in the shape of a pamphlet of Doctor Joseph 
 Prlostlev*s ^ History of the Corruptions of Christianity." 
 Never having seen any of that gentleman's polemic 
 >Yorks, it was purchased* My mother as usualy came 
 in, in the evening) to sit and converse with my family. 
 X was. reading the pamphlet. ^ What hayo y^u. got V* 
 <1 A work of I>octor Priestley's on religion." I waa 
 then at the chapter of the ^ Doctrine of the Atone- 
 ment of Christy" i^v the sins of the world. The title 
 of tho clmpter excited the attention of my mother. 
 Bi^fore she .came iny the passage had been partly per* 
 used) and i^ eagerly asked me ^ to read the whole of it 
 to Kerr' I began, but had scarcely proceeded through 
 l^K9i or> tlj^r^e pages, when slie rapped the book from 
 i«iy ,^^ii^ and threw it into the fire, where it was 
 ino^t deservedly burned* Smiiinglyi I said mothefi^ 
 why ^Q^^Y^^ d^troy my book ? The reply was with 
 4n, (dpservable degree of anger, << because your book, 
 would djfi^stroy my happinesS) in this and the world to 
 come! I know that I haye ^ Saviour, who- redeemed 
 me, whose blood was ahed upon the cross for me : of 
 this, t am cQi^vinced. Your book goes to make mo 
 doubt o£ the nperitS) of the suiFenngs, of that Saviour^ 
 The t|ook wouiil ^i^iuuve me of tho^only atafif, upon 
 \vhi<tl^ my hop^ of salyn^on ff st9, aii^ givea me nooQ 
 other, up«^ wj^h lean lean." These notions of my 
 J|arr|#iin^ytlHHri which accorded fully idth my owtii 
 
 ^ 
 
< I 
 
 21S 
 
 « 
 
 OD that topic, were submitted to with a juvenile frtnk- 
 nets, which pleased her, and of all the world, I knew 
 none whom I so much wished to oblige, as that deaff 
 amiable and instructive mother. Mf fitther had been 
 a mechanic of much respectability, and great skill. 
 During the war, usually called «(Bradock's war," and 
 afterwards in Fbrbes* campugn, (in 1758,) he was at 
 the head of the arroourjry which in those days, was no 
 mean station, and required talents of a superior grade. 
 Afterwards, having made a tolerable fortime, he en- 
 terad into trade, but his inclinations led him into chy«> 
 mical expenments. His evenings and mornings, w€re 
 devoted to the laboratory. This gave rise to my mo- 
 ther's acquaintance with Mr. Priestly) as an experi- 
 mental pmlosopher. For the instruction of his child- 
 ren, my father would discourse uixm the subjects of 
 science and particularly of chymistry, which was hia^^ 
 favorite theme, and in which the names of Franklin 
 and Priestlevf were sure to stand foremost. My be- 
 loved parent s manner, showed me that she was stung 
 to the quick. My apology to her, had the desired 
 effect, as her curiosity and mine, sprung: from similar 
 motives ^^ desire to know the religious opinions of 
 a man, of whom we had had superlative ideas,*' be- 
 cause of his acquirements in many other branches of 
 knowledge. 
 
 The position wished to be proved to you, by this 
 relation; which is true, is <<that for the sake of pub- 
 << lie and private comfort and genial happiness, it ia 
 ^ bett^ not to disturb the devout mind by fancilul and 
 <i newfeoigled achemes of belief, and that those should 
 M. be open only to the eyes of the learned 1" My mother 
 was a person of extensive reading; her religious ten- 
 ats and faith, were solely grounded on the scrlj*;»ire%: 
 o£ the Old and New Testaments, as these in her mindy 
 were considered as dejirly correct, but neverthelesv 
 she was fearful of a distm'bance of her mind by the 
 quirks and quibbles of deisticai scribblers. Therefore 
 to interfere with her devotional principles, in so rude 
 and heterodox a manner, tended. to derange berciharm^i 
 
216 
 
 ing mind, and devastate thosie elegant maxims of Chiis- 
 tian belief, which the excellency of her rfia':cMi«il edu-^ 
 cation had infused into her heart ; in «hort, to destroy 
 that firmness, with wliich she relied on the merits and 
 sufferings of bur Lord and Saviour Jesut Christ. ' 
 
 Su£h rneii as Hobbs, Chubb,' &c. sec^ not to have 
 seilected on the dreadful ills and calamiti68| their writ- 
 ings would create, if their books caitie lilto general 
 circulation. If they did reflect, posterity ought to con- 
 sider them to have been the tygers and hyenas of hu- 
 man societ^Ti opposed to the well-being of the human 
 race. Voltaire and John James Rousseau, in my hum- 
 ble opinioh, intended well to the people of France, 
 but when speaking of thosie gentlemen, we should re- 
 collect, that they, as well ad the virtuous and celebrat- 
 ed Montesquieu, were the subjects of a prince^ who 
 might if he pleased, be despotic: but that which was 
 still worse, was, that the people, were abandoned to 
 the control of a theological aristocracy— bigoted, weal- 
 thy, imperious and scandalously subjected to vices, 
 in many instances, greater than those of laymen, inso- 
 much, that in the reign of Lpuis XIV. because of 
 the infamous Uves, and the oppressions of all classes ^ 
 the nation by the clergy, there was scarcely a gentle- 
 man la the kingdom, who was not deis^cally inclined. 
 For when the ministers of a religion of so high sanc- 
 tity^ as that of our Holy Faith, demean themselves 
 in ti. manner, which evinces to laymen, their waht 
 of confidence in the religion, (which they had been' 
 ^consecrated to propagate and enforce,) by an unholy 
 life and conduct, particularly in their cruel exattions, 
 from devotees- ; in the latter instiUice, of enormous 
 fees^ and various demands of tithes of a most exorbit- 
 ant nature, wMch from tifu^ to time, they wickedlf 
 usurped. Hence, it«rose that Moatesqueiii,'Voltdrc, 
 Diderot, Rousseau^ and 'hun4i^s of others, t^thie 
 kamed men of France, (considering Uie state of that 
 goveamient,) formud a phalanx of historic ktiowledg^t 
 genuine -reasoning, true wit, and an inexhaustible 
 uiad of huimorj whiicli slurred tjlieir opponents to. such*- 
 
 
217 
 
 
 >1& 
 
 a degree, as in the minds of the generality of Europe 
 gave them a deserved victory even over the ^jovem- 
 mcnt, which supported th(c theocracy, with its va«t 
 power. It also most probalriy^ came from thence, 
 that those men under the clerical persecutions raised 
 against; them, (for many were confined in the dung^ 
 ons,) in the heat of controversy, enutted opininos and 
 idea% inconustem with our pure simple and holy reill*^ 
 gion, accordmg to the Augsburg creed, wWdi w» 
 know, has been adopted, either in «he whole or m 
 part, by all the refonned churches, b polemic diik 
 putes, and perhaps more puticularly, m those whica 
 happen in monarchies, thow h an acrimony and irss* 
 cibility of temper, inflamiiig the minds of men geoer^ 
 ally, greater than is Oie esse in deroocmcies. The 
 ««„.« ^.^.<»TQs tp be, that in monarchies, tlie pncstBood 
 becomes a macmw oi gwy^ nii^ttt, in tUmocracies, it 
 is the vehicle, by which the people jdmply adore God. 
 Those controversies, between die so styled philoso- 
 phers of France and the clergy, were conducted wi^ 
 such liatred, aixd obloauy towards each other,. Ihst 
 they elicited: »parks, which enkindled that nSition, bk 
 a dreadful flame of internal destruction ; andthebaand 
 has not only communicated itself to all Europe, but in 
 general to the world at large. Since the time of Juli- 
 us Csesar, nothing has occurred equal in barbaritjri 
 irruption, bloodshed, murder, by public or domestic 
 treason, as that which has happened in Europe, since 
 the year 17$9. Gracious and bmnipotent God, restore . 
 the peace of the world 1 1 !] 
 
 Such is the man, who upon his slight intercourse 
 with the American people, pluming himself with the 
 well-earned celebrity of his {x^itical ^eces, thai mow 
 presumes to become a reformer of oar morals, our 
 religious opinions and thinkings on Divine subjects £ 
 lie himself a reprobate, cloaked by every vice, would 
 dictate to a great and independent christian people, 
 their formulaiV '^^ belief. Such insolence andpre« 
 sumption, was never before witnessed unless it was 
 in the instance of Mahomet} or in those of the tm- 
 
218 
 
 )^F^^(^^^^ as Sabbati Sevi,) who frequently as 
 J^fcstoaa, i^pjared to deceive the remnartt of the lew- 
 lah people. Paine with aHhi» other vices had a foible 
 igunous^to our CQUtttry. Tolwsep up the spirits of 
 ^^!^?!v^ «^wi»ite, that there should be^ 
 s^of ^notic ^bhcations. Fame was the most 
 ffldolem i^^jnen^ tf he Iras insjpi^^^ muse, the 
 
 ^»te4» !most certamly, l^wae-hiiii t^t few visits. The 
 office of .«Wi»tary of foreign afikb was confer- 
 wduponJiim^'becauseofthe me^ "Common 
 
 benae/'^lrjii^tar^ called the «^riws,'' under the 
 si^ureof.¥Qqi«monSiiti8c.'V It was to him per- 
 sanally: a ^awcure. Bm u^mt went to %rfc fPenn.) 
 wher^eongi^j^en ii*t l?wf occaaionaay, and s^d but 
 «uj%w two, Hirtrue^eia^ ^^ of a poli- 
 
 ^ w^ter. In Ae suwitteraiiAwmter oCOi^^rj^^ 
 iQfrByJMwuBmtmxnikM^^^mf fSRuer B nouse) as were 
 
 the late Di^id Rittenhouse, the state-treasurerj and 
 
 John Harty. a member of the then << exeeutive*coun- 
 
 Baitte ,woul4 <vira!)L ^f tLnp^^^ uil^'13* o'clock ; 
 cgnifi^iti and tnake ah hiordiimte dmner^ rl^e nsing 
 fiiQim tij>ie was between two and tla?ee o'clock. He 
 wemld then^tlfe to his bed«chamber9 wrap a^blanket 
 around him> and in a large arm-chair, take a nap, of 
 two or three hours^-<rtsoand walk. These walks, and 
 H&:llidcdence, suiprised mf pijuents ; they knew him as 
 liie^iait^or of >< Common Sense,'! who had written patri- 
 odcidly, ATi^ in tho^ writings, prcMxiulged^me moral 
 •and religious ideasy wluch induced them to believe he 
 'v^fn i6iallN>dtx chnsdttii; Indeed Ffttne, during the 
 leilDmiMVvirai careful to en^ndifreligiocis dogihas. 
 cr^fKof yt tete ^itiaboBc ideas ; if he hAd, the good 
 sense kiithe Jlm'^ their vtrtue, and tii^-' 
 
 {^ifned^-wor^P oi^ tli^^ would have, in those 
 
 days; iMiiuslied hiin ^roni their country. Your grai^- 
 fiLther'4 Ibelings a few months before hit death, ^#hich 
 ecciinred <^ the 1 5th of Decembel^, 178%) Wheil Spteak^ 
 i^tif the unb^ver(Paine^were truly p6ignii&t;^r 
 now the' wretch's tpue character hiad began to c^u- on 
 the world. He lamented with tearsy that he had ever 
 
219 
 
 admUted him into hi& house, or had a personal acquaint- 
 ance ai>d intercourse with him. . He was from^convicf* 
 tiont 9, sincere christian, conveiled by the scriptures ; of 
 a strong miind, and of a most tender conscieoce. 
 
 Do iipt permit any thing now ^d, to induce you to 
 undervalue the sagacity of my father, for he^was wise: 
 but of so benevolent a^mind^ that in the common affairs' 
 of life,) he held a principle in molality as true, which^ i« 
 t^y no mean gemeraily received; to wit, « That we 
 should consider every one as possesmng probity, until 
 we discover him to be ^otherwise." Other gentlemen 
 think differently. However, it may well be maintained 
 that the sidem^ &ther. took on this. topic, which I hate 
 qflen heard argued, accords with the true spirit of the 
 gospel, the oSier side i^ stoicism.' From these^last. 
 observations, you will readily ^percdve how easy it wts. 
 to impose on my father* This is the TeiaSon/for his 
 entertaining Paine. I have said.that Paine wasrindo^^ 
 lent. Take this as an instance : The Crisis, No. V, is 
 but a short political essay, to be sure of great skill in 
 tjhe composidon, of much eloiquentinVective, strong 
 reasoning, some lustoric anecdote, and a fund of ridi- 
 cule which fitted the passions of the times. But recol- 
 lect that tl\is piece, to Paine, was a labour of three 
 months in the enditing. It was written in my father's 
 house. Mr. D. Rittenhouse inhabited the front room, 
 in the upper stoiy, wh^re was the library. There he 
 kept the office of the treasury of Pennsylvania* The 
 room of Mr. Hart and Paine, wai^ to the left hand as 
 you come to the stair-head entering the library. ; ^ 
 When my wound in 1778, was so far niended, that 
 hobbling on crutches, or by creeping up stairs, (asyoii 
 .may haice seen me of late years «),) my greatest recre- 
 ation .in my distressed state of mind, was to get into 
 the chjMuber pf Mr. Rittenhouse where the booksiwere. 
 •f here, his conversation, (for he w&s most affable,) eh- 
 HyeiKd niy mind, and the books would so an|use it, 
 that U'lK^came, calm, and some desperate resolutions 
 weie dissolved. > WMle that excellent man was em- 
 ploying^ /hours in the duties of ius office^ for the 
 
 
 •^''\i. 
 
"benefit of t&e people, Paine mcmXA be snormg away hhi 
 precioiMi time in his easy dbair, regardless of tlbese in- 
 iMnclians imposed upon him by congress, in relation to 
 his politkai ctmiposatioimi His relnistness, indotenee- 
 or- TVMiiQir of thought^ caused great heart-burning 
 among; inany; pninary cbaraotersi in those days. I have' 
 heaftl.thiirj8^ George Bryui, Esq* then vice-president 
 q€ ^ tenuMtl^ speak ,ol his gross neglects- witli remark* 
 aMe harshness^ I wmild sometimes go into Pane's' 
 qMm, andtsiti with> htm. Hit Crisis, N6< V, lay on' 
 his ts^k^^stsd': to-day thvee or four lines would be 
 added, is;^ eioiicse •£ a week, aikMwn more, and so on. 
 No. V; b dated 2 iat March, VfTS^ but it was hot pub- 
 lished; until' some months alber iliat date, and it was 
 genensJly^ thought by goodiwhigs, that it had been too^ 
 Jf»ng dela|f9Bd. Torit^. o^m past, I was <S6 passionately* 
 .engaged at health in the prindples^of our cause, that! 
 PflSoe's manner of. living and« acting, gave me a high 
 4iftgust( towards him. No idea could enter my mind, 
 that any one ia that noble struggle could be idle or' 
 disengaged. As to myself, my sensations ifirere such, 
 diat the example of. a Dccius might h&ve been re- 
 i;iewedi. - ' ■ '^ 
 
 •NOTE IX. page 130. 
 
 . I. have related this as I. received il— <from my own"' 
 knowledge, X daa sajr nothing — ^I leave to the world 
 io determme the creddnlitythe story m entitled to. 
 
 ■ I 
 NOl* X. ftige 132. 
 
 . In iifilier 6mes^ ai^now, lying was in vogue, %at; 
 methii^s within the last tMrty yeaiv, there hate been 
 tast mmrovements in the art. Receive infoimatien of 
 two ^mnces, which were somewhat reiitarfLable m' 
 those ^ys» Simpson, one of the most spirited; and ac- 
 ftr'ke4>f :di[U:erBM(lwi^s alert^--4aways<eft^4^ was H^ 
 
 
re- 
 
 2i21 
 
 duced and vilified for a want of courage, because he 
 wtAnot taken a prisoner at Quebec. This small can^ 
 tony rPaxton,) "vi^as bursting with the falsehoods propa- 
 gatea on this subject. On the other hand, captain M. 
 Smith, our commander, was applauded for his immense 
 bravery shewn in the attack of that place, when in fact, 
 he was on the isle of Orleans, many miles ^stant from 
 the city. Simpson had been commanded to Uiat place 
 by a regular order from colo&el Arnold. Captain 
 Smith skulked thither illicitly. Here is a fac-simile, 
 as td orthography of Arnold's order to Lieut. Simpson, 
 Which I took from the original now in his possession. 
 On my part. It seems to be a duty to make it known to 
 you in justification of an excellent patriot, one of my 
 friends from early youth. 
 
 ^< Lieut* Simpsoit^ 
 
 «SiR-i-You are to proceed to Orleans, and take 
 « charge of the men there, and keep all provisions from 
 <f going to town : you will be assidtous in gaining the 
 << esteem of the inhabitants^ who are now complaining 
 ^< that they have been treated in a rig<H'ous manners 
 ^ for provisions or assistance, you receive from them^ 
 " you will pay them the value, or give orders on nid foi^ 
 << the /or the same. I make no doubt but you will endea- 
 << vour to cultivate the friendship of the people as* far as 
 ^< is consistent with your duty. You will be cai*eful/ to 
 << keep your men under atrict discipline, and not suffer 
 <^ them to have too much liquor. I am told there has 
 « been opeh hbuse kept there. You will use as much 
 ^<<£Conomy as is consistent with our ciax:umstances." 
 <<I am, 
 "Sir, 
 
 (< Your humble servant^ ^ . ., 
 
 «B. ARNOLD, Col." 
 "December 29, 1775." 
 
 [This rigor was administered by a William Cross, 
 our third lieutenant, with as free a hand as he was lax 
 m his principles of morality. Ct^s was a haiidsome 
 
 T 
 
 ■#■• 
 

 322 
 
 little Irishman, always neatly dressed, and commanded 
 a decachment of about twenty men. The Canadian 
 gentlemen, who came as agents fi*om the islanders on 
 this occasion, stated that Cross had extorted from them 
 their wmes and other liquors, and all kinds of provi- 
 sions, which he lavished on worthless people ; making 
 no compensation for his| exactions. This was rigor 
 indeed I for the people of the isle were our friends. In 
 short, this unworthy officer kept « open houate,'^ and 
 had a short, but a luxurious and meny reign over that 
 charming spot. He was not with us at the attack of 
 the city, but gaily danced his way to. quarters.] 
 
 Smith wrote but Simpson acted. A letter from 
 Smith to a worthy and patriotic clergyman, the Rev. Mr, 
 Elder, of Paxton, which was filled with bombast and 
 trashy and stuffed with the most flagrant untruths ; that 
 he was in the "midst of the battle—covered by smoke ; 
 bulletk of all sizes playing around him, &c. &c." every 
 word of which was fabulous. This person was among 
 the last of those savage men, who murdered the inno- 
 cent and unoffending Indians in the jail of the town we' 
 nowi live in. They have all died miserably ; but a few 
 iH^mainrng to rielate the anecdote of the occurrence of 
 thitt hornbie massacre. 
 
 $.»■ 
 
 
 NOTE XII. page 168. 
 
 ' The late capttdn Thomas Boyd, the strongest and 
 largestman among us, when coming to the air, frequent- 
 ly fainted; one Rothrock of Morgan's, had so foeted 
 a breath, that it was disgusting to enter the room he 
 inhabited; one of Lamb's company, Ipst his gums and 
 some of his teeth, all were loose, of which, I am cer- 
 tain as his mouth was examined by me. 
 
 V 
 
 ^^'^^ 
 
 NOTE XIII. page 170. 
 
 ,» This gentleman was 6 feet 4 or 5 inches high, ml 
 as weU proportioned. His disposition, lyas a kindly 
 
 
 Ji.'i^xsiiit:. 4* SMS 
 
 *-V;='su>'*^S-.''i 
 
223 
 
 one. He spoke his own language admirably, and 
 French fluently, but no 'English. Knowing from his 
 military dress and manners, that he was a German. 
 I was induced to address him in that language. He 
 appeared astonished, yet pleased at hearing his own 
 tongue from an American lad— inquired concerning 
 Pennsylvania, our way to Quebec, &c. btit seemed 
 apprehensive of the jealousy of the English officially^ 
 who did not understand us. The Baron Knyphausen 
 wanted an interpreter. Captain Prentis, who was re- 
 ally my friend made me the proposition, as from the 
 Baron, and used various arguments to induce a com- 
 pliance, all of which were spumed. In 1778 or 1779, 
 I had again the pleasure of seeing the major at Lan* 
 caster, in the company of my father, but he was thea^ 
 a prisoner. 
 
 
 NOTE XIV. page 173. 
 
 Red willow (Salix fiurfiurea,) This shrub, which 
 is a native of the United States, is spread throughout 
 our climates. The outer bark, of a deep red color, 
 peels in a very thin seale^ the inner is scraped off with 
 a knife, and is dried either in the sun or over the fire. 
 The scent when burning, is delightful. . To increase 
 the flavor, the Indians pluck the current years branch-^ 
 es of the upland sumach, and dry it in bunches over 
 the smoke of a fire. A half part of Red-willow bark, 
 added to as much of the dryed sumach forms the kille- 
 kinic. Those ingredients addedto a third part ol leaf to- 
 bacco, and the mass rubbed finely together in the paltn 
 of the hand, makes that delicious fume, so fascinating 
 to the red, and also to the white men. C^are must be 
 taken by the consumer, not to use the swamp sumach 
 (Rhus FernixJ for the upland fHhua Glabrteiti^J ^.^^ 
 the former is most poisonous, and resembles the lat» 
 ter, in the bark and leaf so much, that an incuridlas 
 eye, might be deceived. The difference to a stranger 
 may be distinctively marked by observing, that the^ 
 
•4' 
 
 (S* 
 
 ■ t V"-; ' 
 
 fimr-f^y^'jif 
 
 r 
 
 ■J ■■ 
 
 224 
 
 bvtnch of berries of the upland Bumich, h a cone 
 closely attached to each other, and nirhen ripe of a red- 
 dish color. The berries of the swamp sumach,' hang 
 loosely pendant, from a lengthy foot-stalky and when 
 ripe, are of a greenish-grey: at least I never saw the 
 benfy in any other state. The unhappy person, who 
 would employ the swamp sumach in smoking, would 
 forfeit his eyesight. This truth I had from Natanis in 
 Canada, and it has since, many years ago, been con- 
 firmed to me by the celebrated Seneca ^ The Com-^ 
 planter." You know the experience of our own fami- 
 Vff when clearing the swamp, as to the deleterious qua- 
 litiea of the wood as me\ : your mptilier suffered great" 
 ]y from its poisonous vapors. The mocsenleer pr^er 
 the red^wiliow as food; we most frequently observed 
 them in its neighbourhood. The vanilla of South Ame- 
 rica, haa been applied by the Spanish manufactors of 
 tobacco, in various ways; it is strange, that we haVe 
 never assayed the jKiUekinic. 
 
 hi 
 of 
 
 NOTE XV. iMige IT4. 
 
 It wdll perhaps be proper to give you an idea 
 of the parole exacted at that time. «Wc wtiose 
 M names are hereunder written, do solemnly pro- 
 frmise and engage, to his excellency general Carle- 
 « ton, not to say or do, any thing against his majes- 
 « ty's ]^rs<»i or government; and to repair whenever 
 "required so to do by his excellency, or any of his 
 « maiesty's commanders in chief in America, doth 
 « please to direct, in testimony of which, we have 
 « h^^cuntos^^our hands this day at Quebec. August 
 
 "^^''^'^ J.J.H.&C." 
 
 . I received the original paper in 1778, m conse- 
 quence of an t?xch^ge of the at. Jolt's pn^JCJrs f<«: 
 ua.. . ■ ■*■ • 
 
 »^. 
 
iffi i'S«»;f5'?;aii'"' 
 
 vw^'i 
 
 %^'. 
 
 m-'^^ 
 
 K-J'-l 
 
 </•■' « 
 
 t4'» 
 
 jf_'_ik 
 
 225 • 
 
 NOTE XVI. page 18r. 
 
 Who do you thbk this was? Whf Stephen I^a, 
 6f Lancaster—- poor but industrious. I have thanked 
 him a thousand times since, and have had the pleasure 
 of obliging him. 
 
 PINI*. 
 
 P 
 
 31. 
 
 ^ t-''' j51;