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Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 .6 - •"W^-^. /C-'A-' -7, --^-x^ lyX^'^, ^ f; H .^^ I T i a / EMIGRATION TO CANADA. -— >^'2»^3E^'«0-5— INTRODUCTIO -•••« •> *— - I have so frequently in my lectures 8fi»4 letters to the Irish Press •described the advantages Canada offers to tne emigrant, I do not tliink it necessary now to repeat them at any length, but I give the letters of some who were induced by my representations to " try their fortunes" in that land of hope and plenty, and request attention to the facts that the man with capital caa ^imploy it more advantageously in Canada than any other p rt of the world ; the farm labourer in three, or, at most, five years, if sf>ber and industrious, may become tlae ^vonet of a hundred acre farm. Thre is a perfect famine for fai-m labourers and L^emj^nt girls in all parts «f Canada. The farmer with capital can purchase land, with ifiuitable buildings, at less than he would get for his tenant-right 'm. li eland ; the land being his own, one, two, or three bad seasons will not throw liim up©n the •world a paaper. He has no baiHff to viiit liim, no tax collector; the land that he tills is Ms own. No tenant- right bin can make the tenant farmer of this country '.odepbydent. Landlords cannot, more than other men, live without money, and ono ►or two year's failure of crops !'eave the farmers at their mercy. I know Ireland sufficiently to know that the word independence is scarcely understood in its I'.teral meaning, or not aa it is imderstood in Canada, and I believo that the farmers of Ireland can never know it in this country, I therefore urge them to seek it in the country where it is enjoyed. The industry and fi-ugaUty necessary to enable the small farmers of Iieland to live in penury would make them the wealthy proprietors of small estates in Canada. Many parts of Canada aro settled almost exclusively by North of Ireland men—men who emi- grated when there were no steamers crossmg the Atlantic, when there were no roads in Canada, when the wolves, the bears, and the Bed Indians were (he only iuhabitaixts of the country. Men who lauded, as many of them told me, with less than a pound in their pockets are now wealthy owners of from 500 to 700 acres of land, their children holding high positions. Steamers now make the journey from Deny to Quebec in ten days, l-ailway^? run into every village, there is a ready-money market for every commodity the farmer has to sell; and with all these advantages are the tenant farmevs of Ireland afraid or too indolent to leave their life of hard strugghng for an existence, for one of thorough manly independence ; to secure ind(3pendencc for their families? I think not, and hope that this Spring will soo large numbers of my countrymen leave to benefit themselves and famihes. Farm labourers, — the prospect of the farm labourer in Ireland is the work-house, if he has no children to support him in his old ago ; in Canada, after a few years, ho can buy a fann for hhnsclf. I have had the grandson of the grandfather who worked with my grandfather working for me in Ireland. In Canada tliere is no second generation of labourers ; the laboi.u'crs of this year are the employers of next year. Good farm hands got fi-om ^25 to £40 a year and their board- Man-ied couples, £00 a year. I invite intending emigrants either to call at my office, or apply for any information they may reipiire. Pampliiots on the advantages offex-od by the -evcral Provincc?s of the Dominion can be had gratis on appUcation at my oDice, or from any of the Agents for Messrs. Allan BnoTUERS, Montreal Steamship Co. Office hours, at 11, Claremont Street, Belfast — From 9 a.m. to 2 p.m., from 3 p.m. to 6 p.m., from 7 p.m. to 10 o'clock p.m. When travolhng, letters directed to my office are forwarded to wherever I may be. Charles Foy, Commissioner of Emigration for Canadian Government. Offices — 11, Claremont Street, (Off University Road), Belfast. t To tJic Editor of the Belfast News LetUr. Sir, — Permit mo, through the Nrvis-Lettcr, to inform the public t.iat 1 do not give free or assifitod passages to Canada. My duty m merely to give information to emigrants as to the best part of Canada for tlieur respective occupations to obtain employtnent. It would be a matter of great delight to mo to b'^ able to assist the labouring class toemiip-atp, ftft the want and misery 1 have seen since I came to Belfast is pitiable, and was quite unexpected by me. To a person just amved from a couJitiy where, during a lil'etune, you would not be asked for a charity — where the labourer has constant employment, at wages which afford him his meat dinner daily — what a contrast ! In the Neina-Ltttr of sonic day last week you alluded to tho "National Emigration League" iu London. Why liot have such a, league in BcUast? Would it not bo better to assist vho labouring classes to go to a c untry v/hcre they might, by industry, maiataiu their famihes respectub'v, uaJ secure aconipctcnco for old age, than to relieve them periodically ly sub.scriptious or out-dcor rrlioi, Avith tho workhouse as their ou'y prospect iu old agi! ? There nvv. vrtduy good men in B(-'ii..,-^t — let some of thorn, in imitation of the f^ood men in England, wt.'.rt a shuilar league. I am prepared to give my iniio. V/itli butchers' meat at present prices, how many of the labouring classes can have it three times weekly, not to say daily ? In Cauda, where wages nro much higher, and employment constant, . good beef is only '2.ld pv.r lb., and mutton 2d. C madahas Vvrork for all the spare labou.'- of Europe. All wiUhig to work are woleomo to her ajiores. — Yom-b truly, Charles Foy. Canadian Government Eniigi-ation Department. Office, 11, Claremount Street, Belfast, 24th January, 1870. CANADA AS A HOME FOE THE EMIGRANT. Canadian Government Emigration Department, OfQce, 11, Clarcmount-strcet, IJell'ast, Feb. 1st, 1870. To the Editor of the Dallj Express. gir^ — Past kindness encourages mo to hope that you will give mo ppace ibr opinions on Canada Irom two very opposite ^•ource3, — friendly ana unfriendly, — tho Toronto Telegraph and the Bufalo Gov.' - rier. The Teler^ani/ing a National system of enngi'ation. TliG resoluiions also recomrrended that idle Government vessels be employed in conveying emigrants to the various colonies. As a num- ber of prominent men, including several members of Parliament, aro interested in fliG movement, it is hkely to prove successful. It may be, however, that Mr. Gladstone's pecuhar pohcy of economy wiil inter- fere wtih the scheme. We could uot Uavo a better class of eujigrunt*, I il tlian the people represented at this meeting. They are of the intetlf- gant, industi'iou3 classes ; mon who have been accustomed to labour from cliiltlhood, and who are desirous of improving the condition of themselves and their associates. In this country every man mu.st work, and work hard too. We heartily hope these workingmen will succeed in their movement. They would find a warm welcome ii> Canada. We have room for thousands of them ; and if each one whc comes does not prosper, it will be his awn fault," The Bttffalo Courier says : — There is a 'very large amount of capital in Canada seeking invest-> ment at lower rates of interest than was ever before known in the history of that country. The Canadians are an exceedingly steady and persevering people, uniting much economical thrift with their industry. They have a good soil and chmate for grain, and, although to hack oub a stumpy farm from the woors is a far less enviable lot than to have one free from stumps, by simply following the scd, thousands of stalwart men fi*om the British Isles — -who, if they had remained at home, would have died paupers — have won their com field from tiie forest, step by step and blow by blow, with joyous pluck and pride. They have good prices foa* their produce, lived frugally, and sav«d the'r money. The remainder of tlie article is written to advocat h one "whc 'ng invest-* )wn in tb& steady and r industry. hack oub >n to have Dusands of mained at 1 from the and pride. 3av«d the> lexation to mtentmenit not ample aer liistory prosperity rain as the She is m- dds to the idian capi- operation ithout one new hues undreds of Irishmen ^ The rail- I into the get a fee- . 100 acres of the back leyed men ew — while Instead of home, itt ed on the SCARCITY OF DOMESTIC SEKVANTS. (From the Toronto Ttilegraph.) . l-:-<- The nu:norou3 advertisemeats for j»oneral servant girls, nurses ap^ c:)oks which appear day after day in the journals of the Pi'ovince, show tliat, notwithstanding the efforts of Miss Rye and othera to induce e. large emigration hitherto of female "help," the demand still far exceeds the supply. A few years ago domestic servants could be engaged at a moderate rate of wages— say from $3 to |5 a month — bi^t now it is a difficult matter to procure the services of such at nearly double these rates. There are two principal causes which liave led to this state of affairs — one is the evident chstaste winch the large majoirity of our na- tive young woman have to perfonn what is looked upon as menial labour ; and the other is the increased demand of late for female ope- ratives in various bi'anches of manufacture. The inducements held forth by the large manufacturing estabUshments, though by no meansi very active so far as comfort are concerned, are yet sufficient to attract BO many j'oun'; women in humble circumstances that as a natural con- sequence tXie ranks from which domestic sei'vants are recruited are thinned to an appreciable extent. A foolish pride has grown up among this class wliich has the f ffect of inducing them to prefer poor wages and monotonous labor to better pay and the comforts of a home. The remedy for this state of affairs lies in adopting means to bring to Canada some of the tliousantls of young women in all parts of tlie old country, accustomed to house work, who would be only too glad to emigrate if they but knew of the superior advantages they would se- cure by doing so. From some cause or other the veiy classes of im- migrants needed here above all others do not come in anything like sufficient nunabers. Hundreds of clerks, men with Httle [means and BO definite occupations, with a large sprinkhng of persons, both male and female, who have "seen better days'' and wish to preserve their ♦' gentility," have arrived on our shores; but there has been a sad lack of farm labourers and domestic servants. Increased efforts should be made to induce these latter classes to n^ake Canada their home, and there would be nodiJfioulty in doing so were the proper means adopted. laiia your*"* ,E3 FOY. The Toronto Globe says : — " We notice that the Rev. Styleman Her- ring has been preaching in Hamilton, and holding a meeting with the recent immigrants of that city. Mr. Herring is at present on a visit to tliis country in order to examine personally the condition of the people whom he has been the means of sending to it, and to make him- self so acquainted with its resources as to be able to report to the friends of the needy and strugghng in England on the inducements to send out such persons as settlers to British America. We are happy to learn that he has formed a most favourable ojiinion of our dominion, as a country where a steady industrious man is sure, with moderate perseverance, to do well. We are sm*e he will report honestly and fairly according to what he has actually seen. We don't expect that every one who comes will be satisfied. There will always be grumblers ; but tliis we make bold to assert, that the general character of those who grumble most against their country is such as to maka them not a very desirable class of settlers. And even these, as Mr. Herring said, wiU at^er a while be found in a better condition thau when they left England. They cannot stai-ve here unless they wilfuHv oW tLeir hands and shut their mouths to everything but whiskey," 1 1 i 1 ]■ Letter from Mr. Edward M'CulIom, who emigrated from Cooiehill, County Cavan, Durat, Province Ontario, Canada, Aptil 20, 1 870. My Dear Sir, —It was with great pleasure I read your able and truthful addresH to cur conntrym* n, advising them to come out to this happy land. I have read it to many " Canucks," and they were delighted with it. i diller with you ou only one point of your address — where you talk of hard work in Canada, I am now somo twelve 3'eiirs here, and I nev-er saw as hard work as in (rcdand. With 'ill t)ie improved mat^hinory no furm labourer hero woiks half as hard as they have to do in oia Ireland wiih the spade. -As to clearing the forest, so much dreaded by onr counlrj'mcn boforo leaving home, it is the cleanest and healthiest work any man can bo engaged at. A day in the woods with a-4.i double-steeloJ ac is cot only not hard work, but would ailbid amus(.''n::nt to many of the gentry of the old country who so froquontly take a day's chop[)iijg in their dcmensi.'S as amusement. The tro( s arc so far apart with little under biush that a short time does to clear 10 acres. As vniit of how the Canadians colloi.'t to assist a newly arrived neighbour, how men bring their oxen and Ijelp him to put up his los; honse, (o put in and take out his crop. The tirst year's croj) in the barn, all is |)lain eas\' sailing after. Mo landlord to meet oxery h;;ir-y ear, no bailitf to treat in tlie market or fair, no poor-rate collector ; the land is hia own. But I do not riooramond a man with a small young family to go right on a bush farm after arriving. I would advise him to rent a cleared firm, he can get plenty to rent or on shares, that is for half tb" crop raised, he having all the pasture to himself; or, tho owner finding seed, teams, and everything, and getting two-thirds of the crop. If a man do this and look around, when he has some capital, he canpny for the chopping and continue at the work he was accustomed to I have known men who have done this and are still on a rented farm, and out of nothing have, in ten years, made 5, COO or G,00() dols. (jL'J,QOO.) Any steady industrious man can, in a few years, become as independent, and live I'S well as any landlord in Ireland ; in fact they can want for Lolliing, I need not tell you that poverty is unknown in Canada, except among the idle and drunken. It is unaccountable follj for farmers with from 10 to 20 acres to remain in Ireland in a stnte of wi-etched seivility when twelve days would b:ing them to a land of independence. From long acfiuaiutancesbip I know that you must go enthusiasticalty at any work you engage in, and that it will not be your fault if our ronntiymenj are ignorant of tl e advantages Canada offers to all willing to work. I was glad to see your letters on the climate, and think it should disabuse the dread with which our countrymen have hitherto regarded it. A vi^it to a church would prove beyond doubt the healthiness of the country. Men you would take to be fcixty years of age you find, on encpiiry, are, p(,'rhap8, fourscore. As to the working classcp, we cannot get tenth the number of I ^1 q\ tc ol Tl tr M cli Bt| •tl )' )m Cooieliill, 20, 1870. )ur able anil come out to i," and they point of your n now somo in Ireland, sro woiks half padc. As to yincn bofbro iiau can bo led a- e is not ir.any of tbo s cliopi iiig in art willi iittlo As yon have cconnt of how our, how men lo put in and 11 is phiin easy- no bdilitfto ho lann is his :)un^ f:iraily to se him to rent !S, that is for raself ; or, the g two-thirds of a he has some 10 work he was is and are still rs, made 5, COO n can, in a few ,ny landlord in ed not tell you the idle and from 10 to 20 stTvility when idence. From husiasticall-y at ur fault if our la offers to all be climate, and untrymen have prove beyond nild take to be , fourjcore. the number of farm labourers or servant girls required, while the number arriving here are so far short of the demand, every year is adding to the want. A farm labourer with from £-25 to i'40 a-yeur and his bonrd, soon saves sulHciont to enable him to take a ."arm for himself and become an employer. The .servant girls, in a great many iniitances, become the wives of these men, and it is of quite frequent occurrence to find that the mistress of a 100 or 200 icre farm loft Irtdand a few years previous with her entire world's goods in a h ludkercliief. I will give an instance A lady has been drivini^ ai'onnd this neighbourhood for the last week in her carriage, looking for a pervant, and who do you think is she ? The daughter of , » whom nian\- in Cootehill will recollect. In conclusion, I would ex;)ress a hope that your mission will i prove a very successful one ; your countrymen in Ontario, and all through Canada, were unanimous in approv;il oT your appointment. -' You have powerful influenou in the North of Irclaml, both personally and tl)ro^l,^'h yourconnactioas. Yours is tho pen of a ready writer. " Use all with the earnestness and enlhusiasra I so often admired in your political campaigns in our native country, in favour of emigra- tion, and I have no doubt of y<»ur succe;.:i ; besides satisfying your flumernus friends in Canada, you will earn the gratitude of the emi- grants and their posterity for generations. I will watch with interest your progress. My brothel" James is now stationed at Aurora, where he has, I •believe, a good congregation Yours sincerely, Ej.^waud M'CuLr.oji. Charles Foy, Esq., Cotnmissioner of Emigration, 1 1, Clarcm.'uut Street, Belfast, Ireland. Dear- Watford, Ontario, 20Lh May, IS70. , You want to have my opinion about this place. I like it well. I am busy every day working iu a lumber yard, or what wo call at home a timber yard. 1 am measuring it as it comes off tho train, and is st,nt out to buyers The wages I have ar6 5a. n-day. I saw about another job on yesterday evening, in a saw mill, driving a small engine. I v/ill get it if I like. I expect about Ss. per day in that place, and iu August I can get in a grist mill — that is, a flour null — In 8tr.ithroy, at 8s. a- day. I would rather be there ; it is more lively than this place ; it is where my cousin Thomas is. There is a new brass band tljere belonging to the Yoluntt ers ; they were wanting me to join, so I intend to join when I go there ; so you see how I have been doing since I came here. — You say that George is saving to come, and I would recommend you all to come out. If he comes you can send me word. If he has no other place to go to I will do all I can for him, on your account. There is no such thing as linen-lapping here ; you would have to take anything at first, like me. As for Jane, the wages she would have would be six dollars (25s.Hritish), and the provisions are so cheap — beef, 2^d per lb. I am tolling you nothing but what I can stand over. lou would do well ; no person need be idle here if ■'they want to work. I am quite happy. 10 THE UNEMPLOYED WOOD SAWYERS IN BELFAST. i ! |i From the Bel/ad Morning Ncioa, of May 27. 1870. A meeting of employers and others interested in o')taining work or in aasistinij the workmen to emigrate was held in the town Hall, Bel- fast on Tuesday last, at two o'clock. His Worship the Mayor oc« cupied the chaii . Amongst those present were — Rev. Charles Seaver ; Messrs. J. P. Corry; Henry WiUett Audin, solicitor; and Charles Foy, Canadian Emigration Coromissicner. A deputation from the working men was also present. The Mayor asked the deputation had they tried to get employment r.t any work other than their own trade. Mr. Magrath (one of the deputation) — Sir, we have tried, and could not get work we would be able to do. Mr. Corry — I think if you exerted yourselves, you might get work as labourers. A Member of the Deputation — I, for one, would not wish to go to work as a day labourer in the town of Belfast, where i have be^n "working for years as a tradesman. Jr- a strange country I would have no objection to do any work. -Mr. Henry — Oh! that is the curse of Ireland. Irishmen are quite willing to work at anything in a strange country, but won't do so in their own country. All our able-bodied population are leaving the country. Mr, Magrath — Many of our men have gone to drive cars, but they do not understand labouring work. Mr. Corry— Have you no funds in connection with your society? Mr. Magrath — We have had many claims on its funds. We have tvssisted many to emigrate. One man whom we sent to Quebec wrote home to say that he got employment at once at his trade. The Mayor— Oh, as to that there is a gentleman present who re- presents the Canadian Government, He has kindly attended to give us information about Canada. The deputation may now retire. We will hear what Mr. Foy, the Canadian emigration agent, has to sav, and then consider what is best to be done. . The deputation then retired. Mr. Foy, Emigration Commissioner for the Dominion of Canada, at the request of the Mayor, said — Mr. Mayor and gentlemen, £ have no hesitation in recommending the utiemployed wood-sawyers to emigmte to Canada, Able-bodied men, such as I have seen here tp-diy, are sure of work in Canada at good wages. Sawyers get about six shillings Sterling a day in Canada. I need scarcely tell you that Canada is dotted with saw-mills. The first buildings erected in every young settlement are a saw-mill and a grist-mill. But, gentlemen, should they not find work at their own trade, every able-bodied man in Belfast willing to work can find it — as a tiller of the soil. The farmers of Canada cannot get half the number of farm-hands they require. Bricklayers have gone to Canada from London, and have been engaged on farms at thirty pounds sterling a jFcar, board, lodging, and washing; and board in Canada means ELFAST. 870. . ,ining work or wn Hall. Bel. he Mayor oc- harles Seaver ; and Charles tioti from the t employment ried, and could light get work wish to go to I have heen y I would have imen are quite it won't do so ire leaving the cars, but they our society ? ds. We have 3 Quehec wrote ide. resent who re- ttended to give w retire. We at, has to say. ion of Canada, gentlemen, I wood-sawyers have seen here Sawyers get d scarcely tell first buildings d a grist-mill, m trade, every — ^as a tiller of ;he number of Canada from unds sterling a Canada means meat three tim«s a day. Independant of the very natural repugnance tradesmen have to work as common labourers where they have beea known as skilled tradesmen, ^ can give another and a powerful reason. The labourer ia Canada is u man with hope; he is not like the frisli labourer, with no prospect but the workhouse for old age. He has the prospect — nay. the certainty, with care and sobriety, of becom- ing tlie owner of 200 acres of land. Three years, or five at the furthert'st, is the longest time a man calculates working there for an ^employer. With the wages he receives — six shillings a day — he can in th..*' time save as much money as will enable him to take a free grant of *200 acres of land, and then he becomes as indepen- dent as any man in Belfast. I am here as the representative of Canada, but ! am here at a serious pecuniary loss to myself. Since I came to Belfast I have made it my business to inquire into the position of tho> labouring classes. I have visited the streets in which they live , I have visited your Police Court, and have always returned to my home sick and sad. I have been told, or 1 have heard since I came into this room, that a great deal of their poverty and wretchedness is owing to their own improvidence. Gentlemen, so long as men have no hope of more than what is barely futficient for present wants you will have drunkenness ; but let men see that by sobriety they may have a competence for old age to use a favourite V.'ord in Canada, an in lependence, then you may expect to find the labouring classes sober. — It is in your power to send those poor men to a country where they can get such a living as their hard work entitles them to. To prove to you that I am careful not to exaggerate the advantages Canada offers. I will read you extracts from a letter I received from a Canadian farmer, who says he ii amused at my warning men that ey may expect hard work. Mr. Foy then rea t a letter from a farmer who had emigrated to Canada fron the County Cavan, m which the writer drew a con- trast between the position of the labourer and servant girl in Canada and Ireland, and urged Mr. Foy to continue sending his countrymen to that land of peace and plenty. Mr. Foy continued — Gentlemen, I think I have given you sufficientproof that there can be no doubt of the success of able-bodied, industrious men in Canada. I now appeal to you in the name of humanity — nar more, in the name of our common Christianity — save those r>oor hmest men from the degradation of pauperism A spit did sailing packet will leave Liverpool for Quebec on the 24th Ji.ae. The rate of passage for adults is £4. I wdl give you a reduction of the agent's fees, 5 per cent , making the passage money £3 iGs. nett. I will nUo give you a subscription of £5, concerning which I wish to pledge my word that it is out of my own pocket, not out of the funds of the Government I have the honour to represent. The Mayor — Mr, Foy, we are very much obliged to you for at- tending, and for the information you have gi^ en ; also, for your very hberal offer. Mr. Foy then left, and the meeting was subsequently addressed by the Uev. Charles Seaver and W. Audain, Esq., and arrived at c the decision to appoiiit a committee of three to try if work at fair Tvug'^s cau bt got for the men ; th*^ committee to report the lesult n II oJ their efforts ia a foitn'glit. . IMMIGRATION MATT^ilRS. , , ' From thti Lindsay Exposition o{ A^ril'^th, 1870. The subject of emi;; ."ation continues to engage considerable attention in the old country, infurraation regarding the colonies, and other countries inviting emigration, is eagerly sought after. The Dominion is evidently rising in favour amongst intonding emigrants. The reports sent home ^y those who ea-ne here last year are generally favourable, and this fact, iu connection with the efforts put forth by the Government^; are bringing about a better appreciation of the resources oi' this country than ever before, and luituriilly the number who are likely to seek homes in Canada is on the increase, ^'u^\erous schemes lor assisted emigration of the poor and unemployed have come into existence, and some of them appear likely to uo much good The greatest care is necessary in selecting those who shall receive assietapce, as each intemperate or otherwise undesirable emigrant can do great harm in caiising the whole class to be looked upon with disfavour and suspicion. 1 he feeling in this province towards emi- grants who appear willing to work for themselves is {food, and it is the interest of those at home who are trying to promote emigration to Canada, as well as our own, to prevent anything occurring to cause a change of Beiituaent in this respect. Above aa things, the intending emigrant should be warned to avoid the taverns. Whiskey is low-priced and bad, and even occasional indulgence v/iil v.eakenhis prospects. If sober and industrious, he can hardly fail tc „acceed here. In a late number of the Warrington lixaminer we find the subjoii.ed letter, written by a Mr. W, Bradley, of that town, we do not know whether Mr. Bradley has ever been in this province or not, but anyway it is evident that he has taken pains to study his subject before writing upon ft. We are able to endorse all that he says of the Province of Ontario and of its superiority over the United States. He says : " The immense number of emigrants who have left our shores during the last few months for America and the British colonies is forcing the iBubject of emigration upon the attention of the people of this country. Thousands upon thousands, either from necessity or choice, have crossed the Atlantic to seek out for themselves new homes in the fr West The majority seem to have i)rei'erred tl;e Western tsta^es of America, doubt- iesti from the fact that thousands have gone there before them, and ia some cases where tiiey have done well a glowing descr'pi.on has bten given of the same ; it has been written, it has been talke 1 about and kept before the public, till luunorous iudividuals have thought ^ftere was no other part of th;^ world like it Very naturally, ths Americans themselves have foster- ed this sort of feeling amongst us ; they have taken advantage of e iting eircuinstances, and very justly too : hence the large percentage of emigrants who have found their way to Kansas, Iowa, Nebraska.**' i%, while Canada has been conii)arativelyspeaking, overlooked. While, however, we most earnest- ly wisli that allpossibh^ success may attend the settlers in the above-named states, and iiope that the sun of prosperity may shine still more gloriously upon the w hole American nation ; we cannot but feel more deeply iiiterested int anada, the province of Ontario especially, and it would most decidedly be to the advant-tge of all intending emigrants to compare tlie two countries in I'very respect before making tlieir final choice Upper Canada will con- trast most I'avourably with the Western {states of America, and in the interest of emigrants generally we call attention to the lollowing consider?' tions. Canada is a very healthy country, the climate being not much unliae our own= (iranted that the winter is cold; still, the atmosphere is more bracing. There is not that damp, foggy reather that we hav* about 13 wo:k at fair iort the iesult 0. )le attention in ather countries on is evidently s sent home ^y nd this fa'it, iu ; are bringing try than ever mes in Canada ion of the poor n appear likely ting those who je undesirable be looked upon s towards emi- , and it is the ion to Canada, e a change of nigrant should bad, and evea id industrious, the subjoii.ed cio not know but anyway it writing upon ce of Ontario shores during is forcing tho this country, have crossed ■ West 'I"he lerica, doubt- 1, and in some )c'en given of L-'pt before the other part of have foster- p of e itiug ) of emigrants le Canada has most earnest- above-named )re gloriously ply interested ost decidedly two countriea add will con- a, and in the ng consider?' t much uniiue pliore is more haT« about November. Spring is delip^htful ; Ihe sumtior though ^Tru-t, is splpniji"!; the autumn is most fruitful, the fields waving with golden corn, and thu orchards displaying loads of choice fruit, The rncnery is magnificent, Work is plentiful, especially for agricultural labourers ; wages are excellent food is cheap, and clothing moderate. There are numerous facilities ai regards educational and religious matters. The settlers are very hind to strangers. Hospitality is one of the chief traits in their character. Thtre are hundreds of thousands of acres of surveyed lands not yet taken un, and rn;my millions of acres not yet surveyed ; there are partly cleared farms to be had at very moderate prices, and free grants of land of lO't ricres each of all actual settlers of both sexes of KSvears of age and upwards. The lakes and rivers abound with excellent fish, and game is plentiful in the woods, " ithout the inconvenience of the game laws ; tim'^er is at hand in large quantities for building and fencing purposes. Its commerce i% in d fiourishing condition, and its exports and imports for many years past hare given very gratifying evidence of its prosperity The province of Ontaric has an almost unlimited supply rf water, and will doubtless, at no distant date, become a groat manufacturing place The land is very fertile, and is also rich in mineral wealth ; it has also recently become famous for its numerous and valuable oil springs. Its postal arrangements are admirable, and it has som'? thousands of mil'!S of electric tele- graph communication. Railwa>s, canals, and good colonizr.tion roads are being rapidly made, thus giving employment to hundreds and thousands of people. Taxation is light. The press is a great power to the country, and the general advantages it offers are very encouraging We have an abundance of reliabL information from official sources lying before us, de- monstrating the siiperio'-ity of Canada over America in r"ference to agri- cultural produce, &c., whicli, if necessary, we could lay heforcour readers, but enough has been said for the present Let us not be misunderstood. We do not write to persuade any one to leave the mother country, but if circumstances combine to make it desirable for people to go (and v/e aie free to admit that this state of things t xist to some extent), we think <^anada has the strongest claims, and presents advantages not only equal, but, all things considered, superior to those of their American neighbours. LETTER FROM A BRICKLWER WHO EMIGRATED FROM I . LONDON. '' T arrived here last September, and, as you rr:; aware th? season was too far advanced in brickwork for me to do much good before the winter Bet in. I was fairly beseiged with men wanting to engage me for almost evfrry kind of work. I went with a farmer tor two days harvest work, and am with him now. I never lost an hour since 1 have been in Canada. I am going to stay where I am until Easter, then I hope to go to work at my trade. My present ' boss ' has to-day offered me 1 JO uollars, with bf rd, lodging c»nd washing, if I will stay with him during this year. "Were I not a mechanic 1 should accept his ofTer. but 1 hope to do better through the Summer months, and work v/ith a farmer in the Winter until 1 can get a few dollars by me ; then, if <^iod spares my life and gives me hefilih i infen(' to take a bush tirm, and my four boys 1 hope will help nie «o clear it, and in a few years I hope to be tho owner of a good farm I am much pleased with the prospects of Canada ; and \ feel certaiu that any man if he will only i^ive h's mind to hard work for a time, and not be particular what he does, j.nd keep outside the tavern, can, in a very few years, place himself abov^ the frowns of the world. It is no use men coming out here if they arc nice about what they do. It is these fickle minded emigrantsthat get such a bad name on this country, and they got others a bad name that will work ; and ihey write homo to Knglandand give ("Canada a bad name, jiay they are starving, and all the rest of it, when it is eitirely their own |a.ult. Thttr* art three men wanted now on thr«e farms n'lar me. I saw t.v* u TAung m«Q fron the Kast-end of LondoD in Gu«luh the other day. Thej told me they had been out of work two week.}. I offered to take them out with me , but no, they won't leavs the town for the country, and of cours* they can never expect to prosper. I think this a good country for a man with a family. Provisions are plentiful and cheap." Office- -11, Claremount Street. B«lfa8t, 10th February, 1870. III To the Editor of the Armayh Guardian. Sir, — My address, which you kindly published in the Gvardian of the 34th, has brought me many communication!!, some of them enc[uirirg about the climat? of Canada. There seems to be in this country an exaggerated idea of the Canadian •limate. Seme people seem to think that it is like that of Norway or liapland. That the cold in winter is more intense than in this country, is «»f course a fact, but it is fine bracing cold, crisp snow for months, but all the time a clear blue sky. The preparations made for the cold by good muffling makes it not so much felt as the damp cold of this climate which penetrates to the bone. No person coulfl imagine the change a Canadian feels when he cornea to Ireland. When I left Ireland, I was, like most Irishmen, filled with the idea of the splendid climate of my own country, and with some dread of the snows of Canada. When I returned after a few years in Canada, what a change : I thought Dublin was in a fog. I felt when I went out ,in Belfast as a man might feel who was af;thmatic. Like every Canadian, I love the Canadian winters If cold, we prepare for it ; our railway cars have stoves in them, our halls have stoves, pipes which run through all parts of the house. By the ftrmers the snow is anxiously looked for, as a span of horses can iraw on a sleigh in the snow double the load they can on the roads. The well-to-do farmer will now think of making atrip to the city, or a visit *o some distant part of the country ; he may take his tei*m with a light load •fdressed hogs, or his cutter and favourite trotter. Nothing he prides himself more in than his maro's mettle. Wrapped in buffalo, robe, with fur cap and gauritletmits, riding ten miles an hour, wba,t is winter te kiM bmt the p«rf%ciion of enjoyment. • O swif^ we go o'er the f?eecy snow, When moonbeams sparkle roynd. When hoofs keep time to music's chime. As merrily on we bound." V New is the time for visiting, merry-making protracted meetings, magie^ lantern exhibitions, phrenological and temperance lectures, sleigling and dancing parties. The " slrigh-bellt runic rhyme'' and merry '-tintanni- bulatioa" fill the icy air of moonlight. The snmmer of '09 was, as many remarked, just like an old country summer. With the exception of two warm '* snaps" of about three days each, we had jjo days too warm to we^ar a black cloth coat. Our Indian s'mmers—fiom the middle of October till the middle of lJov««mber— is unequalled in any part of the world outside the Continent of America. Let none dread the Canadian climate. If everything else pleases, let them not hesitate aboot what Cana«tians prizf most — our snowy winters aB«l graud sleijjIiiBg;. — \e«rs obliged, Chablxi Fet. 16 r day. Thcj take them ont and of course itrjr for a maa treet. B«lfagt, 70. vardtan of the iquirirg about the Canadian of Norway or 113 rountry, is ihs, but all the cold by good climate which e a Canadirn nas, like most own country, jrned after a in a fog, T as asthmatic, d, we prepare stoves, pipes i of horses can 3 roads. The or a visit to a light load mg he prides lo, robe, with t^^inter te kim Goderich, Canada West, June 8th, 1S70. Mr. Thompson, Armagh. Sir, — As I am now settled for this year, I write you this letter to let yon know how we got along. When we came to Liverpool we were detained there for nine days, for which I received £3 7s. 6d. from Mr. Smith ; he is a very nice gentleman. We went on board the "Lake Superior" on vhe 6th of April. We hai a very rough passage. We had head winds almost all the way. We landed in Toronto on the 9th of May. I went to Mr. Donaldson and gave him Mr. Foy's letter. He told me that there was a lady speaking to him about a farmer man, and lo come in again in two hours, and the lady would be there. When she came she wanted a single man, so he gave me a ticket the same day to here. I stopped in a hotel in Goderich for four days, and had not to pay anything, I was sent free from Quebec, and we were weU treated all the way. I engaged with a farmer, two miles out of Goderich ; I got 200 dollars for this year, about £41 ' f your money, and free house and firing, and plenty of fruit, and the milk of three cows during the summer, and an acre of ground for potatoes. There is 200 acres of this farm ; there is none living on it but us. My boss lives in town, and keeps a livery stable. There is four of our children at school ; the school is free. I am ploughing every day, and will be ploughing all summer for fall wheat. This is a nice country, and the people here are very kind. Please write me, and let me know have you got any word fi 3m William Smith — where he is or what he is doing — and send me his address ; I want to write to him . If you sje Mr. Millen you can tell him I send my best respects to him. I have but little more to say. I am well pleased, for all Mr. Foy said is true, and I only wish I had comff here ten years ago. Me and my family are first rate. Nothing more at present. — Yours respectfully, Albxandbr BmowN. Address— Alexander Brown. Goderich, Canada West. V, 'tings, magie^ sleigling and '.V '-tintanni- vas, as many btion of t,wr» warm to w€?ar the middle of Continent of e pleases, let y winters and iBLxs Fe^. m ICxtracts from letters received from a boy sent out by a eharitablc M*/^ ^^^^^ lady, Miss Lt ' j^aus g, May, 1870: — Toronto, Canada, June, 1870. f Dear Father, — This is a splendid country, and no man need he idle who will work. It :r very warm now, and I have been told that the winter is not rear so cold as has been reprtsented. Farm labourers and carpenters are sure of work any part they go. I could not work on the railway, tut the farm work is the best, as the wages are clear. > There is meat every meal you sit to eat. Tell Miss L. that every- thing is what Mr. Foy had in the ** hxpress," and that J. Rean i* stopping in Toronto at hia own business. I am sure ol work any where I go, f r they can't get hands enough to work ; though I may work hard I will be paid for any labour. I am going some miles up the country 10 !VVA L/i^ Poitadown, 3 1st October, 18 70. Dear Sir. — You may recollect Wm. Woolsey, who was induced by reading your lecture to go to Canada, on the l2th May last. As a proof of how he is doing, he has sent 18 guineas to pay the passage of his wife and four children. I have booked them for the " AugtrJimi," to sail on the 10th November. As it will take all the money to pay their passages :vud make them ready, might I ask you to recouunend them for a free train from Quebec to Aylmer, and thence to Quivi village. Woolsey's letter is dated Fitzroy, lOth October, and postmarks on envelope are Onslow and Ottowa. I may tell you that Woolsey's former employ ei, Mr. Stewart, thought so much of him that he gave the wife and family a free house since he left. The names and ages of the family are : — Martha Woolsey, 35 ; Mary Woolsey, lU ; William John Woolsey, 8 ; Elizabeth Woolsey, 6 ; Martha Jane Woolsey, 4 ; and Samuel, 1 1 months. When may we expect you attain in Fortadown ? Please send me a fresh supply of your admirable lecture. — Yours truly, D'Arcy Sinnamon, Agent for Messrs. Allan Brothers, Mon- treal Ocean Steamship Co. \ Thorlo, November 27th. Dear Sister, — I was in town on Saturday, and bou2:ht clothes for the winter, flannel s-hirts, ano other things. We have plenty of snovr now, l)ut the weather is not cold. I have great times of it now, y helping to kill meat ; it keeps fresh tht whole Winter If God spares ^ me till the Spring, then I will be to sending you something wo»th ^^ while. You said you were looking on the map for wiiere I lived. \ I crossed Lake Ontario on the 10th of June. I am eight miles vX from the waterfall ; ten miles up the country from where I landed when 1 came from Toronto. d^ EMIGPATION TO CANADA. We are glad to notice on every side evidences that Canada is attract- ing increasing attention in Britain as a very desirable country for the industrious and struggling poor to emigrate to. As the result of tins much more correct ideas are being diffused in regard to what sort of a place this Canada is. Even the Tliuiulerer of Printing House Square condescends to give tlie Dominion a patronizing pat upon the shoulder, and the information about the position and capabilities of the country aro not at ail so absui'dly ajjocryphal as it used to be even a short time ago. The Cottager and Artizan, for instance, a veiy nicely printed and illustrated paper which circulates larg(4y among the worldng classes, has begiin in its January number a series of papers on Emigration, for the purpose of advising who should emigrate, and to what countries they should go. It gives, in the first place, some account of the Do- minion, and comes passably near the si^-.f! of our promising country The dimension of the whole Donnnion it puts down at aboiit 16,000 square miles less than that of old Canada alone. New Bninswick and Kova Scotia, however, contain 47,200 scuare miles ; and if the 15,000 -y 18 of deficit be added to these, this friendly informant tell* the working; classes of England tiiut the Dominion has 62,200 square miles of territory less than it actually has, to say nothing of the North- Wsst at all. Well, when the people of England get within 60,000 square mileg of the true area of any British possession, a great step has been made. Things in that case will get into shape by and by. Though the writer of the papers in question is not quite accurate about the size of our country, he writes in a most friendly spirit, and give good advice to those who ought to emigrate, as well as to those who ought not. It cannot be too often stated that the idle, the dissipated, tba pauperized, and the skilled workman who can do only one thing well, and will rather starve than turn his hand to anything else, ought not to come to Canada. A man who comes here must not be afraid of hard work — must make up his mind to encounter a good many disa- greeable things, and must be resolved to meet such tilings Uke a man. He must be ready and wiUing to turn his hand to anytliing, and avoid strong drink as he would his gi'eatest enemy. If he do that, and keep at it, with health and ordinary care, he will find Canada a very good place for him and his. Paupers, who expect to be helped at every turn, had better go elsewhere ; or, better, stay where they are. These papers by Dr. Ford, in the Cottager will do good, the more the plain, unquestionable facts about Canada are known in Britain, so much th» better for us, and so much the better also for the struggling, in- dustrious, masses in the old land. Money is not to be had for th« lifting either in town or country tlxroughout our Dominion, but ther« is wealth and reward lor " honest labour," as tens of thousands can gratefully testify. THE BELFAST OPERATIVE SAWYERS. To the Editor of the Northern Whig. Sir, — On my return to Belfast I have read the account of the wood» sawyers who are now out of employment. I am very glad that even now the subject of the unemployed labour in Belfast is attracting attention. The sawyers could, I have no doubt, obtain employment, on land* ing in Canada, either in tlie saw-mills, of wliich there are such a large munber in Canada, or on farms in Ontario, at ^£30 a-year, with board and lodging. That the men could earn a comfortable living, is a cer* tainty. Wliy confine assistance to the sawyers ? Why not assist all the able-bodied unemployed of Belfast? If a Colonial Emigration Society is started, I will, out of my limited means, be happy to con- tribute £.5 to so laudable a purpose. — Yours truly, Charles Foy. Belfast, May 9, 1870. Kansas. — A correspondent writing to the Globe says : — It is all very fine for Ticket and so-called Emigration Agents, to puff up Kansas. I would advise all skilled mechanics to remain in Canada, where they are well paid aixd living is cheap I will give you an extract of a lettef received by my wife from a lady in Kansas: — " Eveiything is fright- fully dear ; tea two dollars and a half a pound, and other things in proportion, and no beer tit to drink. I wish I had never left Canada.'* 1 have never yet heard of a good farmer that could not do well in Canada. Juskilled mechanics and bad farmers will always find it tough work to get on in any country. 19 To the Editor of Eeynold'i Newspaper. Sir, — .1 bej? to encl.isa you an extract TOin a letter written by a gentle- man in Canada, who takes gretit interest in the abuve 8ubj«^ct, under date of the lO.h of December. He says:— . " One of the contfutjrs for a section of the Intercolonial R>iilway tn th« cast of Quebec ia wilnnfn to en(7aE;e 500 men for the construction of hia portion of this preat wirk, and I should be glad if jou would induce that number of steady, industrious men to lea^e En;{land early in April, tiiat they nii^hr coniineace work for him about the Ist, of May. We should be delighted to receive a ship load of your stalwart lubourera. 'I'hey may de- pend on being kindly received and immediately employed, as the railway contractors in diffortnt parts of the Dominion could readily dispose of all the surplus labour in England of this clans, and it is really better that i»o should have ihem than that they should be lost to the empire by wand3r'» iiig into couatries that are foreign and hostile to everything British. •* Our labour wants for the aoproachinfl; season in the Province of Ontario are not yet miide up. Our country has been wonderfully pros- perous during the past year, and we have much for which we should be thankful. Cur great want ia English, Scotch, and Irish ngricuitunstg, both with and without means to purchase land. Your smsll tenant liirmers can with us pni chase as fertile lands outright lor a sum they now Iiaveto pay in renc for an occupancy of from one to ihree years. I would venture to say, even before our statistics are made up. that in the Pro- vince of Ontari) alone we can readily absorb upwards of seventy thousand of these people; and you must lecollect that taxes on lands with us are nominal, the Dominion of Canada being perhaps the most lightly taxed country on the earth. Of respectable young girls seeking domtsiio service we cannot have too many ; ball the vessels of the Mom real kteam fleet, if engaged solely in their transport, coul t not overstock our maiket. Cauooc you induce some of your benevolent emijiration asfoi;iations to turn their attention to the removal of tlie agricultural labourers ol the »ouih« Wfstern and other counties of England Irora their miserable diet of bread, cheese, and sour cider — a ten days' journey to where they can have abundance of meat three times a day." The above does not require any comment ; the surplus labour is here- ample work and waste lands are there. Cannot the two be bruughv together ? — I am, &c., W. D. [Our correspondent has forwarder us his address, and with his per- mi-sion we will give it to those who desire to avail theuiseivee o/ the ftdvaniages here held forth— Ed. R. N ] THE FREE GRANT DISTRICTS. [.From the Northern Advocata.'] It is generally admitted that the best land in Ontario is already occu- pied, but recent survt-ys show there is still a large quaotity tit for Buitlement. In «;he Parry Sound District alone, we have l,t)UO,('00 aiTci, and in the Muskoka District there is a large quantly also Wheat is a sure crop in these parts, and a fine sample. Oats, peas, barley, rye, 6c., grow to great advantage, and nowhere in Ontario can better crops bts raised, bo far, we are not aware that anything has been injured by the froft. Spring sowing commences here as early as in Ontario. It must bo remembered that the snow generally comes early, before tho frost is d«ep ID the grouud, and whea it begins to k&ve in the spring it goe» otf 20 Tcry rapidly ; hence tho ground ia almost then fit (or cultivation. As to climate, it is not colder than near Toronto, and excpedingly liraltliy- Colonization roads run through the Free Grant Territories, affurdinS means of communication in advanc? of any new section that has ever bee" thrown open for setilement. A good market is also furnished where al^ surplus produce can be disposed of to great advaiitai;e ; the lumberers re- quire immense supplies, and nt^w settlers need provisions, seed, and cuttle, 80 that everything sells at high prices. The timber is of mixed quality, hardwood predominating. We have schools and churches. The Toronto, Simcoe and Muskoka Junction Railway is certain to be built within two years, as far as Braccbridge, the centre of the Muskoka District, and will ultimately extend to Furry Sound. In addition to this, there is a prospect of ''The Canada Central" beini; pushed through to Parry Sound, tho former giving direct commuDication with Toronto, the latter with Montreal. To the Editor of the Belfast Morning Netvs. Sir, — As the season for emi^^ratiou is near, I request space for some letters out of the many I have received from the emigrants of last year In the province of Ontario alone 28,000 emigrants were comfortably located. There is room for millions of men and womjn able to work. In a few years the employed become employers — men who land in Quebec viihout a shilling in their pockets become owners of hundreds of acres of good land, and live in splendid brick houses. Intending emigrants would do well to call at my office and read letters from those who went to Canada last year; they could then decide for themselves the country they would go to. Facts are stubborn things, and I can give many of them in favour of Canada, the land of hope, peace, and plenty. — Yours obliged, Charles For. 11, Claremount Street, Feb. 6, 1871. The ollowing is a literal copy of a 'dtter received by the Commissioner of Emigration for Canada, in tbe North of Ireland : — '• November 3, 1870. " Mr. Charles Foy. " Dear Sir, — I had letter from my children, stating by your letters they got a free passage in welcome from Quebec to their friends, and were kept a night in a hotel free, and every body were very kind to them. I hope you will pardon me for not writing you before this, the reason were the children said they would soon write. I expected more information in it. Wlien I get their letter, if there does be any more information in it I will '^rite you again ; I have not got it yet, I could not think of waiting any longer you we'e so very kind to us, writing to us, 1 never seen a letter that I were so thankful for than yours stating that the ship tbe children sailed in arrived safe for which I return you sincere thanks, the children said when th*y were leaving rae that they would write to you and tell you the wey they were treated. Anything I cau do for Canada or you I will do it — Your obedient servant, "KOBEST LlNDSAT. " Mukony, Ballinamallard, Irvinestown County Fermanagh." Canadiax Emigrants. Mr, Charles Foy (Canadian Government Emigration Department) would be much, obliged if tbe Editor ot the TF/i;'jr would kindly publish the following extracts from letters received from tbre« emigrants sent out to Canada by the Colonial Emigration tivatloM. As to edingly licaliliy- itories, affording hat has ever bee" Dished where al^ he lumberers re- seed, and cattle, of mixed quality, 8. The Toronto, built within two District, and will here is a prospect 'arry Sound, the the latter with IV8. spuce for iome ants of last year ?ere comfortably ible to work. In land in Quebec idreds of acres of emigrants would went to Canada untry they would 3f them in favour bli(;ed, Chables Fot. he Commissioner ember 3, 1870. your letters they 1b, and were kept :o tbem. I hope reason were tiie information in it. lation in it I will ik of waiting any seen a letter that le children sailed he children said and tell you the or you I will do BERT LiNDSAT. uagh." tian Government :ie Editor ot the letters received mial Emigration 21 Society, Lonlon, Ust suiT.nifir, Tha8t, the Toronto, Br ly, and Bruce Railway. All thr-se afl ird splendid Jacililies for travellin!?. No one can imagine the comfort, luxury, and convenience of the American railway cars com- pared with those in this country. The misery, the cold, the wretchedness I find when goinK, ospeciallv a loni? distance at this s.'ason , in the Irish carriages are extreme. In America yju have suloon carriages or " cars;'* in summer iced water to drink, in winter a beautiful stove to warm yourself at, and other convenieacies, which I need not mention, most grateful to the trayeller. The climate though cold in winter and hot in summer is healthy, the iicenery beautiful, and the skies ever bright and elorious. I remember the intense rapture with whieh I first beheld a true Canadian sky. No raist, no fog. no*- even the shadow of a cloud, but one Ta8f,deep. far reacb-. ing (^ome of blue infinite Divine f Never did I in my three years' resi- dence see a beggar — never one asking me tor alms; the people would scorn to do that. The lalxmrer earns his dollar a day. and walks, proud independent, and free. Men who could not write their name'^ when they went out are now worth thousands of dollars and every place bears the marks of unexampled prosperity. Would that our Government — would that private individuals of means and wealth — would send out to Canada a number of those who are out of work and unable toob'ain remunerative employment in Dublin and other cities and towns in Ireland. At this season, when the sufferings of the poorer classes so much appeal to our sympathies, how I long and pray that some of the money expended in charitable objects could be appropriated to paying the passagesand outfits ol many literally starving wUhin our borders. Ijo starvation in Canada I As a proof of the great progress of the country Toronto affords a strik-. inp example. In 1842 it contained 13,000 inhabitants; in 1852, 30,000, jn lb56. 42,000; and in this year (1870), 60 000. Everywhere postal communieatioo is complete — the n^ost distant hamlet has its post-office; and tlte electric telegraph passes through every town, almost every villane in the Dominion, and the number of miles in opera- tion is at least five tht us«nd. I could dilate npon the if lories of Niagnra and other matters, but already this letter has grown to a disproportionate length, and, therefore, I must unwillingly close. With your permission, I should much like to enter on several interest- ing topics connected with this splendid colony, and whieh might be for the advantage for all iutenaing emigrants to know I am. Sir. yuur obedient servant, Thomas L. Hanson, Clk., A.B. Late Incumbent of Woodbridge and Vaughan, Canada West, Dublin, Jan. 3, 1871. To the Editor of the Daily Express. Sir — I ffel much obliged by your insertion ot my former letter on Canada, and I shall now, with your permission, add a few words more on the same subject. It is, indeed, a theme which I could dwell upon " eon amors,' for I do not iurgpt the joyoua seuge of liberty which I ex* 23 thrnuR^ the om Montreal but not l<«a8t, can imagine y cars com- ivretclie'lnesa in the Irish } or " cars;'* ve to warm eution, raoBl } healthy, the I remember lian sky. No lep. far rpacb- e years' rcsi- people would walks, proufl 16'* when they ace bears ilie iment — would out to Canada 1 remunerative land. At thi» appeal to our y expended in igesand outfl:9 liFiirds a Btrik-« 1852, 30,000, ; distant hamlet igh every town, miles in opera- ;ers,hut already erelore, I must CTcral interest - might be for the am, Sir. yuur !lk., A.B. e and Vaughan, It. former letter on w words more on juld dwell upon )erty which I ex- ppricnced in Cnnala. There, in a yreat mea^nre, oil convpntionalitic* and diitinc^ions of rank an! caste are done awar. and you feel Iree — *rt'e ns thM air, or as the bird that dashes from itn silvi-ry winj; the spray of the fofim-crested hilldvr, und disports itself in the liglit of Heaven. Now ai to the qiie^stion. who «hi>nM eniij?r«*teV I answtr, without hesitation, the working clashes, tho^e wh'» have eneray and enduraiH-e. and especially men with larije fimiles and limitetl capital In Canada familie:^ are wealth it industrioi'^ly hnnqrht up — the more sons you have tlie hotter, for there is always something for them tj earn — something to do. Here in dear old Ireland m«nv a father's anxious wi«h for his Jiildren is, "Oh! how shall I provide for them ?" To »ui!h a one I would sav, sikih no raoie arise, go to Canail i, where industry i» sure to meet with its reward, where your fine, stalwart suns will find full scope for all their aspirings «nd tlieir enernies ; w lie re, in that ri^iimr colony, they can be young with its youth, grow with its growth. ptrengthtMi with its strength, prosper with its prosperity, and joy with itn rejoicings. The pro»ipce of Ontario at the present time affords great advantages (or the intending emigrant, as it has all kicds of soil, and ail sorts of eituitions which are avaihble to the settler. The fertility of this province cmnot be surpassed in any part of the world ; and to the p>or laliouring man in Irelaiut, where there is siieh tierce competition for land, nothing can he such a boon as to feel that, when he g C'* to Cjinad*, every stroke ot liis axe in ihe forest is a blow towardn independerce and that he now no longer calls any man mifter on earth. Farewell to hard landlonJs. rents, taxes, and stern bailiffs, when the toiling son of Erin can make the woods ring with his merry peal of laughter, as with keen axe he smites the forest — •'Till the blue Of Heaven's sunny eye Looks through eacli wild and tangled gtade." Here, however, I mu«t put in a word of caution. It is a mistake for gen - men or amateur tarruers to come to Canada. Those who farm must be prepared to woik themselves, for when you have to pay, perhaps hea- vily, for labour, then farming. I should remark, becomes a doubtful ppe- culation. L can sty on the other hAiid, that the grand inducement (for all those who find lie a hard struggle) to go to Canada is this — that there are so many ways and means of making a living which do not exist in thi» country. JNo disgrace attiches to anyone for engaging in honest work. You can put your eons to any fmployment without biing, as we say, looked down upon, or " loi-ing caste,' and this ia no little benefit, But a further and most important consideration is this — that a parent; in Canada has no fees to pay, in order to obtain for his son a knowledge of business; his services at the counter are deemed an tquivalent; and if he enters a store he is paid a small salary after the first year, which goes on increasing year by year, fo that early in life he is able to support himself, and relieve his parents from that responsibility. I cannot conclude without saying a word or two about the climate of Canada, Nowhere are the seasons more marked in their varying charac~ t«risiics. Scarcely has icy winter departed and the snow vanuhed, than spring rushes un with an impctu' sity quite unknown in these milder climes. The sun darts down his fieri e rays ; the api le trees are forth- with white with blossoms; birds of the most beautiful plumage whetl their giddy mazes through ibc air i all nature, in fiue, iccms with liie, 24 Rnd mother earth puts oa her loveliest attire, as a briJe on her wedding morn The Slimmer is aor.'Poug with splendour and brillinnt with flowem ; the autumn proenta the wa^inj; fi-lds of riuh grain, «>iile tlit» orchards di«- phiy tlie flnext apples and fruits of every icin 1— melons, cucuintiors. and tomatoes. The jtrapes Iiang in purple clunCerB from the verandah* of the h tuses ; a bright glow flushes the whole of nature; and a dreamy forgetlulnoss, born of tlie heir, lulls our senses to repose. By and by we imperceptibly glide into the Indiiin summer, with its violet'ColDured hazu restini? on the far edge of ihe horizon ; whilst the ma- ple and other leaves in tlie forest lend tlieir charms to proluce a richly- tinted foiliage, and remind us impressively of the glories ul' the departing year. Winter, too, has its ameliorations and its joys— the Are thit tempera into geniality the keen Irosty air — skaters' heaUhful sport — and the .merry ginjile and fast-tjluling of the sleigh over the snow .covered i'oads. Such are some of the features of Canada. Let it only be thickly peo- pled and its resources properly developed, and it will take a high place smong the countries of the eartn. In conclusion. I thank Mr. Foy sincerely for his kind letter. May he be prospered in his work, ami increasingly. May the motto, "Hoi for the VVestl" be that of our toiling, struggling population in these lands. 1 remain very truly your's, Thomas L. Hanson, Clk., A.B., Late Incumbent of Woodbndge and Vaughan, Canada West. Oraagh, January 10th, 1871. To the Editor of the Daily Express. . ^ Sir, — Of the value of the Eivpress as an advertisin-? medium, the number of letters I have and am daily receiving since my letter, with the Rev. L. Hanson's, appeared, give a substantial proof ; tliey are from every class in society. I am very glad to see by the Belfast Evening Telegraph — a most entertaining, clover, little halfpenny paper, ■which has a very large circulation — that the working men of lieliast are about to get up Emigi'ation Clubs, to assist each other to get to Canada, where work at good wages is certain. By my Canadian pa- pers I see advertisements for any number of labourers at 5s. a day. Is there any chance of Dublin following tlie example ? When I look over tlie list of the several charitable institutions in your city, and read tlieir yearly appeals for money, I always think how much better to raise a good subscription and send the unemployed to a country where they could '^ "''"? a comfortable hving, and save a competence iloyed labourer in Ireland has no hope for old for old age, even t? age but tlie worl Take the case the wages at 12s. a dren and a wife to s 'Uring man m constant employment ; take -a high average ; say that he has five chil- at. Three meals a day for seven make 147 in the week, at one penny each meal, they amount to l'2s. 3d., or 3d. over his week's wages. Where are clothes and rent to come from ? W^len I mentioned this calculation a few days since to a gentleman in this town, his answer was " Oh ! out of five children, likely three would be able to work." " But my dear su', are the children to have no education ? Axe they to go to work so c-oon as they are able to walk, to a factory, or other work ?" Take the case in Canada. A 25 labouring man gots from 53. to Cs., and in some cases 8s., a day. He can buy good beef and mutton, not such as we see sold in the poorer districts in Belfast, for 2kl. per lb. ; hia children go to a free Bchool. If he be a single man, and a good farm hand, ho gets jE4() a-year and his board and lodging ; and boiinl in Canada means metJ.t three times a day. With these wages a labouring man may, in a fev; years, save £A{) or £50 — a sufficient sum to enable him to take a free grant of 100 acres of land; and if he have a family, 200 acres, and 100 for each child over 18 years of age, a family is a fortune in Canada. So soon as ho has cleared as much as will give his family and himself food, ho can commence a life of true indepetidence. It is smooth sailing from that. Ho can see his children gi'ow up, well educated, with the sure prospect of being estated gentry. I could give the names of many who left this country labouring men, and who landed in Quebec without five shillings in their pockets, wlio now live in splen- did brick houses, owners from 200 to 700 acros of prime land, well stocked. To your advertising columns I send a desci'iption of the dis- trict (Muscota), in which the free grants land of the province of Ontario are situated. Having given the independent position to which a la- bourer may attain in Canada, you may imagine hew I felt the contrast when assisting to distribute coals to the poor in Belfast, I saw strong men, wilUng to work, in abject poverty, out of work for two or three weeks, wives and children in rags, every tlung that could be spared gone to the pawn office. I cau never forget the reply when I mada the remark, " Would you net be better m the workliouse ?" " Oh ? no, sir ; we hope we will soon get work. Anything before going into tho workhouse." I felt sorry that I had mentioned such a tiyiug al- ternative. How appropriate Hood's " Lay of the Labourer" : — No parish money or loaf. No pauper badges for me — * A. sou of the soil, by I'ight of toil. Entitled to my fee. No alms I ask, give me my task ; Here are the arm, the leg. The strength, the sinews o^' a man, To work, and not to beg. *' Still one of Adam's heirs, Though doom'd by chance of birtl> •. To dress so mean, and to eat the lean, Instead of the fat of 'lie earth ; To make such humble meals As honest labour can, A bone and a crust, with a grace to God, And little thanks to man. While the efforts made to send relief to sufferers from war are rery praiseworthy, I think we should not entirely neglect the wj-nts of the industrious poor of our own country ; and if our charitable ladies and gentlemen visit the lanes aiad alleys of our large towns, they will find scenes of poverty and wretchedness not to be excelled in thelazarettoe* of Germany, or the peasant hamlets of France. The Kev. S. Herring, of London, was instrumental in sending out 1,700 of the unemployed in London last spring and summer. He went to Canada in autumn last to seo how they succeeded, and found that only two — and they 26 IF/ woro dmukarfls — had not sncceederl. He had the pleasure, wliich a hurraiie and Christian man could feel, of seeing the men, who, had they remained in London, would have gone to the workhouse or starved, comfortably settled, and with eveiy hope of an independence for old age, and of leaving their children owners of good farms. \Vho in Ireland will follow his example ? During the coming spring and summer sailing packets will leave Liverpool for Quebec, takmg passengers at i'4 per adult. May I venture to hope that emigration clubs vvill be estabhshed in Dublin, and advantage taken of the cheap passages ? Were some of the wealthy and charitable men and women cf Ireland to read the letters full of gratitude whicli ^ receive every week from the emigrants who left the North of Irelan last spring, I am sure they would give their assistance to the working men's clubs, if foniied. Sincere thanks for your unwearied kmdness in allowing mo space in your respectable and powerful journal. Jf any letters have the desired effect you will be I'epaid by the gratitude of every emigrant sent to that country where poverty is unknown. — Yours obhged, Canadian Goveniment Emigi-ation Department, Office, 11, Claremont Street, Belfast, January 19, 187i. Charles For. To the Editor q/ the Northern Whig. Sir, — I request space in the columns of the Wlu'g to reply to the many letters I am receivii^^g from intending emigrants, asking my opi- nion as to the relative atti-actions of Canada and the United States us a country to earn a liveliliood, or to accumulate money. The pecuniary rei^-.ults of any employment depend chiefly on two elements. First, the rate of wages, and secondly, the cost of livuig. Whatever inducements the States offered to tlxo artisan, the clerk, or the labourer previous to the late war, were mostly swept away by the debt and d3stru'^tion that resulted from that unparalleled civil conflict. Before speakir.g of the prosperity of Canada, now admitted by all, I will give a few quotations from the press of the United States. Tlie Boston Traveller speaks in this way of the condition, not merely of the working people, but of those v/ho were supposed to be moder- ately well-to-do. " Two dollars a day and roast beef were among tho promises of the demagogues to the labouring classes some years ago. The labourers have get tlieir two dollars a day, but roast beef is still in tlie future. In fact, meat of any kind has been among the luxuries of life, which even the midtiling and well-to-do classes have been able to indulge hi only moderately, and it would bo lauch more sparingly eaten if e-' ery other eatable thmg had not also been proportionably forced up in piice." A circuhi?' recently issued in California, and addressed to the work- ing men anil women of the United States and Europe, expresses in a Ptrong hght the disadvantages under which the working classes suffer in that State. " Constant employment is almost unknown on tho racific cost. The average pay of mechanics itj 8 dols. 60 cents per day; the number of working days about eighteen in the month, House rent, hving and clothing for a family of four persons, absorb tho whole." A New York paper says, " there are 50.000 men idle in this city, and 100,000 in tho state of New York."' Another says, after contra«V \ Jl 27 / inc» tlie iixnt^on in tho Stat'^s v/'th tlifi taxation of Canada, the ct..* r>f Lvin^j;, and the wages oi' (loth (rountrics, " Canada is t!io bt;st cdnuli-y in the world lor t\o working man." In cities in tb*^ Statas, good Itoar'd costs I'i dolhirs, or about A'l lout as. a week, la cities ami towns in Canada good board can lie had tor vJ dollars, or ris. a week. In cities and towns small cottages, ;aiitaJ)!.o lor single JamiHoK, can be rented at 12s. a nion'.li ; in the country districts fVf ly- tiiuig can be had nmcli chctpei*. (tood beef and mutton 2|1(!. to od. per lb. Clotliiug less than hah the price hi the Stat(>s. Enipb.yuieiit • — Half the number of working men and women required catuiot be hue. Labourc's get 5s. a day, and in tJie hurry of hi'vvest often ns niucli as h's. liy tlie yt'ar farm labourers get Ironi iHO to .i'-ti), Avith board, lodging, and wasiiing^-board in Canaila, means meat three times a day. M<» person willing to work may be idle in Canada. It is <>ne of the cheap- cat eoimtries in tlie world to live in ; and consideruig tlie cost of livin;,-, there is no country where labour is better paid. As a lioino for the industrious Canada is the best comitry in tae world ; eveiy man not afraid to face honest toi^ able to resist the temptation of cheap w;iis- key, and willing to wait a little for results, is sure to succeed. With- out hard work and the exercise of patience it is difficult to succeed imywlure ; but the dilliculties are immensely enhanced, when, as iu tlie States, living is dear, taxes burdensome, and employment scarce. In Canada taxes are lighter than any of the llritish co;(iiiies. Com- ,pared with the taxes in the States thej' may be said to be almost uiL : employment is plenty; wages are good; and living the clieapcKl. These facts should, I think, enable any persons intendiig to emigrato to decide between the two couulries. J took my picv'is m favcur of 'Canada from unfrieiuUy authorities, lest there shuuid be any possibility 'of suspicion as to their truth. Pray excuse the trespass vn your valuable Columns, and obligo . vours obediently, Chaulls I oy. 11, Claremoiit Street, Feb. 10, 1871. From ilie Bf^lf'inf, Evcninc/ Tdegraj)h. Bv last night's boat about 100 emigrants left ior Liverpool to niilfof 'Quebec in tho " PoiiKnia" on the Mi. They were ot a respectabl»i class. Canada is getting a large share of the tmigi'ants of this season. Mr. Fov., the Commissioner of Emi>ns prepared for them immodiiitely on their arrival. In the ad- vertising columns of the Tideuntrvmen and f lutrywonien must leave Ireland, it is well they aro e'>iiiK t*' •* country wliere their labour is in demand, and where they <'uu muiiifobt their luve for British connection. •c, 28 DULL TI.dES IN THE STATES. A circtilar recently issued iu California, and addressed to the work- in.cj men and wo)n3u of the Unitod States and Eiiroiie, expresses in a strong liffht the disadvantages under which the working classes labour iu tliat State. Constant employment is almost unknown on the Pacific coast. Capital brhigs an extravagant rate of interest, and any works that are undertaken are i^ushed to completion at once in order that re turnf" may be realized. Conse(iuently the woi'king man has fi-equcntly to seek a new situation. Manufac tunes are scarce, and oniiploy few persons. The avei-age pay of mechanics is stated at S3 50c. per day, ajid the loss of time, to which they arc subjected from the causes re- ferred to, is said to reduce the number of working days to 18 per month — making the yearly earnings about $750. House rent, hvong, and clothing for a family of fom' persons are aet down as absorbing almost tho whole of that sum — leaving but a few dollars for a margiii. The fai-m hands are in much the same position. They can get em- ployment for three montlis while the gi'ound is being prepared for the crop and the seed being sown, and for a couple of months in hardest. For the rest of the year thoy must take their chance of getting other cmi^loyment. Men wlio can secure farms which have come to be very high in price — and men who can go into business liave their chance of doing better, though in tlie latter case, especially, it is only a cliance. l)Ut of those who have only labour to sell, or who have to rely upon their jn-ofcssional ac(piirements, thousands regi'et their mis- take in seeking tboir fortunes in California. Within the last twenty y[;ars thousands of Canathans liave made the trip to Cahforuia, 1/ut tlie great mc\iority are back in Canada, content to sjjend their lives in their own countiy. Some of them are richer, perhaps, for their labours in the golden land, but, ma,n for man, they have undoubtedly' saved less money than Canadians who staid at home. In the older parts of the Union complamts of hard times are equally- loud and general. So difficult do the mechanics find it to live iipon the wages paid them, that we constantly hear of strikes in the different trades, and nearly always the strikes make matters worse instead of better. The Boston Traveller speaks in this way of the condition, not merely of the working people, but of those who are supposed to be moderately well to do: — "' Two dollars a day and roast beef ' were among the promises of the demagogues to the labouring classes some years ago. The labourers have got their two dollars a day, but their roast beef is still in the future. In fact, meat of any kind has been among the luxuries of life, which even the middling and well to do classes have Ijeen able to indulge in only moderately, and it would be mwoh. more sparingly eaten if every other eaf^ljj thhig had not also been proportionabiy forced up in price." Hnmilton, Canada, Talm Sunday, 2nd April, 1871. Dear Mother, — You will be gla 1 to hoar that I have got to n?y journey's end at last, and have got a situation, and come on pay from yesterclny, the iKt, looking after a ff.i-m for the Proprietor of the Poyal Hotel, liamiltor . I am getting our board of uncooked victuals from the hotel of every description — beef, mutton, tea, and sugar, &c. — and Polly will have to cook tlum, and she can do it, as the place is about a milo-and-a-half ou,t o'' 'he town, a free house, throe rooms up staii* and three down stairs, u.A a well at the door, and i;'2 a mo::ih wages, with my provisions, making A'S a m onth — not. bo bad to commejic« '> \mi 29 ■vith as pocket mon^y — and a promise of an increase if I please my -.aployer, so tliat I will have that and my provision to the good after short time, for you must recollect I get food for all the family, Willy id all, as I know you will he wondering if he gets avj. I spent two tlays with Joe. I was with him this day week. He looks rightly. Tills is a very fine town, and you can get eveiy thing in it fi-om u needle to an anchor ; hut I will he able to let you know more in the noxt. Any way I travelled, through three or four of the States, and I like Canada best. We have beautiful weather, fine and dry, with a little frost at night. Polly and Willy are well. — Yoar affectionate sun, s > Government Immigration Office, Toronto, 7th April, 1871. Dear Sir, — The men yon sent were employed in a few hours after their amval, and we hope to see many more of a sunUar cLass fi'om the North. Will you kindly write me the prospect generally for the season. We are afraid that we will not have anything hke the suj)ply of hands required. Prospects in this city are most cheering ; a large number of fine buildings go"xignp, and the wheat crop in all parts of the countiy Icoka remarkably well. — Yours tnily, J. A. Donaldson, Immigi-ation Agent. Chai'les Foy, Esq., Belfast. rcYc )me ir )ecn do 3Uld I also ll. my fom (lyal rem [and Lout ltaii*» ic« ^1/ From Rev. J. A. Morris, a clergj^man in the neighbourhood of Ottowa. Ottowa, Canada, April 12th, 1871. Dear Sir, — It was very mortifjang to me, after assuring my friemls that they might mat^e certain to receive the lands promised xhem on the faith of your letter, to find that o)i theu' anival they were, as usual, snapped up by Mr. Wills, emigration agent, and immediately disposed of at good wages. Findmg that they did not present them- belves soon after the receipt of j-our letter, I called at Mr. Wills' office, and learned that the people had called on him immediately on taeir anival. I now write to say that you cannot possibly send out too many men or women. I believe that a thousand good servant maids would bo almost swallowed up at ^5 a month. I would be veiy glad to get a man and his wife, without children ; the woman to understand general work, and the man the care of a horse or two, feechng cows, and tending a small garden. Both could spend as many years as they pleased with me. I would give i.'30 a year to both with, of com'se, board and lodging, — Believe me ^eiy truly yom-s, J. Alex. Mobris. Chaiies Foy, Esq., Belfast, Ireland. To tlbo Editor of the Evenmg Telegraph. Sir, — I would bo obliged by your pubhshing in the Tfh'finiyh tha accompanying letters lirom UiC iauuigi'atiou agents in Canada. i'ours, yciy truly, CiuiiL£ti Toy. 80 r Govprnjiicnt Immigration Office, Toronto, April 27, 1871. Df ar Sir, — In n ]i]y to your lettor of the IStli inst., there are f^onio forty Hontch nnlk at Avork in Western Canncla (Ontario), and Ircni all I C!m loam a {.rood deal of flaxseed will he sown tJiis year. We have just received tlie emijjfraxits hy steamei-s Peruvian and Ottawa. They are as line a lot of settlers as have readied tliis or any oth( r season. You may see hy tlie enclosed tliat Messrs. IJarber, of Streetville, want six weavers. If you can possibly send them, luar- rk'il or siiiij^le men makes no difFer( ncc. ]\ly hands are (juite full attendinjij to the wants of the newly-arrived, so please excuse a .short note. — Yours, very tnily, J. A. DONALUSJON, Charles Foy, Esq., LelTast, Ireland. Immigration Agent. G.ovei-nraent Immipration Otfice, Kinp^stown, (I'rovince Ontorio), Canada, 27th April, 1871. Dear Sir, — I am in n ceipt of your letters of (ith and 13th inst., the former enclosuig lujtes of ])assage of Charles Smith and family, x wiil foi'ward tliem to tlioir friends. In reference to the demand for h^bonr I might say that tliousands of farm hands, male and female, are urgently required in this district. I wish you could send me immediately 300 fai-m labourers, 50 labou- rers for Iiailways, 10 Lathe Vice hands, 10 Blacfc-miths, 10 Tailors, li) Shoeuiakers (hand-sewers), 10 Masons, 20 Briekliiyers, 20 Carpen- ters, 1(X) Female Servants, 6 Wheelwrights, and Moulders — all of whom, cau get kumodiale employment if here early. . Y'ours A ery truly, R. Mactherbon, Immigratiou Agent. Charles Foy, EvSq., Belfast, Ireland. Government Immigi'ation Otiiee, Ottow^ji, 28th April, 1871. C'larlos Foy, Es!i., Emiiri'ation Commissiouer, Belfast, Ireland. Dear Sir. — Y'^our favour of the 10th instant was handed me by Mrs. Tiinu'v, who arrived here Avith her children and h"'other on the i?Hh iu good iicalth. On their arrival I at once provided employment fi-r her brother, avLo is a stone mason— -wages, 10s. (id. a day, and a promise of an inert ase, proA-ided lie is a good mechanic. I lU'OA'ided f(U' a few fajui, hau(is, Avho arrived Avith letters of intvtidnction from you to the liev, J. A. Moms, and hope I have doije so to your satis- faction. .Tohnston Egan, County Cavan, gets ^•240 or i:,50 sterling jjci year, without })oard, and his wife is to be paid in addition, at the rate of Ml Os. lOd. per mo'-ith, for ary time she can spare at dairy work. Archy IMai'tin and Wm. Steeneon, young men, get f^M a month or i;;>^ slei'liny a year, with board. John BroAvn and wife are to get £35 a year lor boili their services, and hve together iu their empioytr's family. I may tell you tliat they are all engaged Avith three brothers whose farms join, and are Avithin three miles of the city of Ottowa. The demand for labour is very gi'cat. Conimou day labourers g(^t ."[ , a day; carpentirs, Irom (5s. to 8s. 4d ; bricklay«>rs, Ids. (id. to 12r. (>d. Board can be got (good) at from 12a. to 12s. (id, a week. Send me 1,000 fai'm labouiei-s, and I will guarantee that in tliree year.-, tht y Viiil own good fiu^iiaif they save their eaiiuhgs, — Yoursi '^ U'lUy; "W. J. Yai-Lis, liumi^-atlou Agent, 81 ^ 18 Governraent Tininif,'r!iti(in OfTi'^o, Toronto. June *2, 1871 . Dear Sir, — Now that the soasoii is advanced, we can .speak, of the class of immigrants who have for so far arrived at this agency. It is a matter of gratification to he ahle to rciKirt tliat tliey are quite up to our expectation and weil calculi' ted for this coantry.' The demand lor lahour is still much in excess of the supply. Me- chanics and tradesmeu of different classes are much required. Car- penters, stone masons, hrick-layers, and plasterers are hi great de- mand ; hut more thau all others tailors and shoemakerf . I could lind employment for 50'.) tailors in a week. They can earn fi-onx 50s. t<> /;;j 'is. 6d. a week : shoemakers about the siime. We could also lind employment for a large number of weavers, in wollen mills. Girls who have been accustomed to such factories in the north of Ireland could do well here, liailway contractors and farmers are watching the arrival of the steamers for labourers. Oa Wednesday evening last we had 400 of the passengers of the o. s. " Nigar,"andat an early hour the following morning some 300 of the passengers by the " Scandina- vian." All were siippUed with a plenthnl breakfast, and at 6 o'clock, p.m., the same evening, all with the exception of some sixty or seventy who were emj)loyed in this city, were on tlieir way, either by steam- ])oat or railway, to the difTe rent -parts of the country where employ- me!it was waitijig upon them. Wo also had a good number of immigi'ants with capital. Some of tliom whom you introduced to me bought good fanns, others went to the free grants distri(.'t, wliich, by the way, is fast becoming occupied by a good class of settlers. You will be glad to hear that we have iho prospect of a most abundant harvest. With kind regards, Yours faithfully, John A. Donaldson, Immigration Agent. Charles Foy, Esq., Emigration Commissiouer, Belfast, Ireland. Government Immigration Office, Ivingston, Canada, Oth June, 1871. Dear Sir, — I had the pleasure, on tlie 27th April, advising tho urgent denuand for labour in this district, which has much increased for all elass(!s named in that letter. The Smith family arrived safely, and I enclose draft on bank, Britifh K(u'th America, No. 18, on the Provincial Dank of Ireland for f 1 VZf. sterling, being the amount so kmdly advanced by you, and for which tli-^^- Smiths and theu' friends are veiy grateful. Trasting that you will yet be able to send me a large number of emigi'ants of the classes mentioned. I remain, yours very tinily, li. MAcrHEK«0N, Immigriiiliou Agent. Charles Foy, Esq., Commissioner of Emigration, Dellast, Xrelaud. Government Emigi-ation Office, Ottowa, 21st June, 1871. Charles Foy, Esq., Belfast. Dear Sir,— On the l(5th mstant, Mr. Josepli Orr, and wife, and son ; Jacob Orr, Mr. M'Clelland, and wife arrived here, and were engaged ut satisfactiU'y wages. Captain A. Frazer, of Fitzroy, engaged both families for one year at tlio rute of $10 or £<} Ge. bd.'stcrlijig per ruontb, each couple, with, 82 ,1:1 1, • } f I ; J! I'! , of conree, tlieir comfortable board and lodging, thus saving them any outlay, except for clothes. I could have provided them with employ- laeut at #24 a mouth, house rent free but no board, but they could not Bave as much money as the arrangements made. I have to thank you vei-y much for the interest yoii have taken in this part of Canada, by fimiishmg the very best class of agi'icultural lal)0ui'ers. They have pi'oved a gi'eat boon, and I only regret that ten times the number did not anive, as they would at once be engaged at good wages. — Youi's truly, W. J. Wills, Immigration Agent. Government Immigration Office, 22nd June, 1871. Dear Sir, — Since writiug you on the 9th mstant, enclosing draft for i'l 12s. from Smith, I am in receipt of your favour of the 30th ult. and 0th iust ; the former handed me by Mr. Jolm Rowan, whom I sent up the Bay of Quinte to Adolphustown, having had an application for such a mau from a fanner who owns 1,100 acres in one block. In reference to the two shoenialiers, alluded to in yom's of tlie 9th inst., I have written to Mr. Stafford, but I could not name exact wages until parties rccpiiring them could tell what they are able to do ; wages, of course, are in proportion to capability, and vaiy from $25 sterling to M2 per week, I jilaced two last week ; one of them is on piece work, and I am infoiined that ho is earning M2 a week, but he is a first-rate work- man. The demand still continues here for all kinds of labour, more particularly farm hands, male and female. — Yom"s truly, R. Macpheesok, Immigration Agent. Charles Foy, Esq., Bellast. Portadown, 18th August, 1871. Dear Sir, — Wilham Cartnoy, who you may remember recommend- ing for a railway pass from Quebec to Godcrich, on the 5th of August last, has sent i;18 to bring out his wife and cliildren, May go by the " Lake Erie," on this day week. I will thank you to recommend them to Mr. Stafford for a pass from Quebec to Goderich. Their names are on other side, and you may see that the £18 will barely pay their passages, and provide bed and bedding. The;^ will go to Liverpool ou Wednesday next. It must be gratifying to you to find the North of Ireland men doing BO well. — Yours tinily, D'AucY Sinnamon. Charles Foy, Esq., Belfast. Portadown, 24th October, 1871. Dear Sir, — David Monroe, who sailed in the " Peruvian," on tho 2r)th May last, has sent to his late employer, Mr. John Smton, £8, to l)ring out his wife and child ; they wish to ^^o in the " Caspain," on Friday, from Deny. You may reooUect that Monroe went to Ottowa, and as the £8 will barely pay the passages of the wife, and child (18 months old), I would feel obUged if you would gi^-e her a letter to the Immigration Agent at (Quebec to forward thein irvo to Ottowa. I am sure that you will be glad to hear that this well-behaved and useful W.P speaks highly of the new I)ominiou, and I am sure he will please ; .s a first-rate ploughman, and had the best of reccmmenda- tious fro. is employers here. — Y'om' obedigjit Sonant, Charleh y, Esq. X^'AliCY Si^I^iAMON. r.S. - liic gliild's name is Walter, • <, 88 |i7l. tbo ;8, to )am," will ,'ould bnt at and will }nda« s> 11 From the B:lfast 'Etv-'.niiiu Telegraph. Emigration — oiio of the greatest social problems of the day — remains virtually uiitouched, so far as the action of Parliament is coucernedi Government after Government view the subject as if the exodus of our people were a m.attor of complete inditferenco to the nation. Mucli, indeed, might be done in this direction which has been left xindone. Under the intelUgent superintendence of the Canadian Commissioner — Mr. Foy — large numbers have left Behast for one of the most prosperous of Her Majesty's dominions. The Cork Hirald expresses astonishment at the continuous drain of the i)opulatiou, which, it says, is going on as steadily now as in the most disastrous years. Queens- town is crowded with emigrants, altlhjugh the season has only com- menced, and it is expected that before summer the weekly departures from that port will average two thousand. The people come princi- pally from Clare, Tipperary, Meath, Wostmeath, and tlie King's County. " The emigration season," writes a London correspondent, *' has opened by the departure of a considerable number of emigraiits from the Victoria Docks in fcJie Medway for Quebec. They go out under the auspices of the British and Colonial Emigration Fund, and the National Emigi'ation LeagU3. There probably has not been for many years so dire a destitution in London as now, Tiiero are vast numbers of people out of work — people not of the ordinai-y idle class, but those who are wilhng to work, if only work coulu be had." Govci*ment Emigration Office, Ottowa, 22nd June 1871. Charles Foy, Esq., Emigi-atioa Commissioner, Belfast. Dear Sb*, — The young man, Robert Bell, per s. s. " Scandinavian," arrived hero all right, and I directed him to a cousin of his who is in the employment of the Governor-General. The names of those who arrived at this station by the sailing vessel " Pomona" are Jolni Hegan, wages ^31 6s. per annum; John Sloan, wages £33 Gs. Sd. per annum, with board, &c. ; John M'Veigh, i'oO, without board, free house, fire-wood, milk, and vegetables; John Moreland and wife, i;46 18s. ; William Smith, Bricklayer, 12s. per day, without board ; John Nesbitt, Fai-m-haud, £'o5, witli board ; Stewart M'lhvrath (boyj, £25, with board; David Rankin, *Farm-hand, £37 lUs., with board; P. M'Gr h, Butcher, 5s. per day ; John Duidop, Pensioner, MO Gs. 8d. a yorjr, free house and fire-wood. You may perceive the engagements are by the year. I could have got them much higher wages by the day, but tnought it better to provide them with permanent employment. 1 required ten times the number for to supply the applicants. The country is sufTering for the want of female domestics ; good general servants could get from £1 to £1 5s. per mouth. — Yours truly, W. J. Willis, Immigration Agent. ' * David Rankin has since sent for his Avife and throe childi-en, tliey went in steamer " Iliboruia," 29th September. C. F. Portadown, l7th July, 1871. D ar Sir, — 'Jacob Crawford, who sailed last August in the sailing vessel, " Lake Ontario," has sent money to pay the passage of his W.fe in the steamship " Austrian." Will you please give her letters to the Imm'gration Agent in Canada, same as you gave her husband; lie is now working in Hamilton.— Yours tnily, CUurlos Foy, Esq., Belfast. D'Arcy Sinnamon. )K. 84 I!'!! ■i^li :;ii; Govornrnpnt Emi,?rrition Offico, Kinpfiton, 2nth J\\h\ 1S71. "'T) oar Sir, — Your favour of tho 2'^rul ult. came duly to Jiaiul, and I iimniediatidy wrote to Mr. Stafford iti roferoiice to Alexander and Eliza Speace, who were to have sailed by tiie *' Scandinavian" on the aotii -lilt., offurinf^ $25 jier inontli and board, by tiie year, equal to £{iO Kterlin^, for both, but have not since heard from Mr. Stafford. I •Buppose they have been piriked up before they reached here. This fiection is very much in want of farm hands, male and female. I heard notliing since of Robert and Mary Douglas, passengers by the " Nestorian." I had not tuno to write to Mr. Statlbrd, as your letter arrived by the same steamer. — Yours very tnily, R. Macphkrson, Immigration Agent. Charles Foy, Esq., Belfast. Govei'nmont Immigration Otiice, Ottowa, 31st July, 1871. -Charles Foy,| Esq., Immigration Commissioner, i i Beltast. Dear Sir,-+On the 14th instant William Spence and wife readied here, and wt^i-e at onoe provideil witli employment in County lienlrew, ill township of Westmeatli ; they are in tjie service of Walter Finlay, Esq., and are to receive the following rates of wages: — Spence, $14 per •in )nt]i : and his wife, $4, in aU equal to A'4e} a year sterling, with their board, lodgings, (fee. ■■'• On the 2Uth, tlr-ougli the kindness of Mr. , who is a graduate of Trinity College, Dublin, I received yours of tlie 7tu inst. The young gentleman I have i)laced, lor the present, with a respectable Scotch farmer. I have *he pvom-se of a situation for htm as sciiool teacher in the Coimty Carlcton. These places I have secured for him to save him the e.vpen.-;',' of board, as I hoj>etoget him employment on the engineer staff at present engaged on a sui*\'^ey of the Pacific Hallway. He is a piomisi ng young man, and has what you call "plenty of bacli-bone ;' u ti'ie spirited maidy lad, who, if 1 am not greatly mistaken, will yet make liis mark in tue New Dominion. — Yours tnity, W. J. WtmS; Immigration Agent. ■■' The young man mentioned is the son of a Uector in the Church of Ireland, only 18 years of age, too iudc^peudent to be a burden ou his lather he emigrated to Canada. C. F. To the Editor of the Evnninrj Freiis, Sir, — Ploase afford me space in the columns of your interesting and ■widely-circulated paper to give intending emigrants, espc^ciaUy those of thc^ woz'king classes, iiilbnij ation as how immigrants arriving in (.lanaihi witJii out money are ciu-ed for. It is most desirable that the iiumigrants shoiild, as speeiUly as possible, be forwarued to the localiities in which there is a demand for their labour, instead of allow- ing them to congregate in cities and towns to overstock the labour market. In order to secure this gi'eat desideratum, the Ministers of Agi'iculture of the different provinces have caused circulars to be issued to the wardens of the dillereut municipahties in their several jirovhicfB, requesting a return fi*om them of the number and class of labourers re- quired in their respective; municipalities. Tiiese returns are forwardtd to the several immigi'ation agents in (Quebec, Montreal, Toronto, &C. Emigrants from the North of Ireland, ou application to me, receive iettwb to the immigration agent)* ixi Canada ; if poor, 1 write to tl>« 85 agent at Quebec (Mr. Stafford) to forward them, free of all charge, to any part of Canada in which they may have friends, or to^which they may wish to go, or whore he knows that there is employment fur them. The Government of Ontario have built a depot at Tox'onto for the re- ception of poor mimigrants. The biiildhigs are seven m number; tliey are in the west ern part of the city, situated where the three leachng railways enter-; they are in seven and a half acres of well enclosed ground. The first building, on eutoring the ground, is the agent's oiJice, and private rooms, with second storey accommodation for the asriisiant and caretaker. Tlie next building is the baggage warehouse, and immechately east is a large two-storey building divided in both Btoreys by longitudinal ])artitions, with two rows of bunk floors in each of the four compartments. Tlie next builtUng is the dining-hall, large ei'ough to seat several hundred persons ; and in close proxhnity arc the cook's house and cook's apartments. The other buildings are a wash-house and water-closets. The dei>ot is in a very healthy locahty, and is convenient for the s])ecial distribution of the immigrants. All poor immigrants, on their arrival at the depot, and until they are dis- tributed to stations in localities where their labour is in demand, are supplied by the Ontario Government with good wholesome food — soup, meat, vegetables, bread, and tea or coffee — prepared and furnished by the depot cook. The expenditure for the year 1870 was — provisions, $2,903 74c. ; li'ee railway, 14,153 83c., or i,'l,429 10s. sterhng.— Your much obhged. 11, Claremount Street, Feb., 17 1871. Charles Foy. Ku-nburn Post-oifice, Fitzroy, Co. Carle+on, (Pi'ovince of Ontario, Canada.) November 8, 1871. DliAii Sir, — As requested by you, on leaving Belfast, I write to yon rny opinion of Cpnada, as soon as I had time to form an opinion of the country. I hope, at some future tim,e, to write you, at more length, my opuiion of its resources, requh'ements, &c. I have not yet travelled over much of the countiy, but can speak of the county Car- leton and the Ottawa valley, where I am engaged, and will premise my remarks by telling you that you in no wise exaggerated the advan- tages of tills part of Ontario ; also to thank you for your gi-eat kind- ness to me. The lands are of ih'st-rate quality ; in some parts a rich deep loam, in others a rich vegetable mould, with clay subsoil mixed with sand, and cainible of producmg the finest crops of wheat, beans, oats, or almost any crop. The complaint with some farmers is that their land is too rich — no necessity for manure. One farmer, originally from the neighbom-hood of Belfast, told me that he had taken fourteen crops of wheat and oats without a pounc" of manure, and the lu:-t crop the best. He will sow the same field in Bi)rmg wheat next year, which will bo the fifteenth crop of grain. In this section manure is regarded more as a nuisance than anythmg else. I thought of how the counties Down and Antrhn farmers eco- nomise theu" manure ; Miere are many h-orn these comities settled here. The land is well adapted lor the gi-owth of flax, and would produce the finest quahty ; any quantity could be gi-owu here if there were a market for it.. I agree with you that the ■ North of Ireland will soon Jje liaxed out, as too large an area is sown, and as the crop is a very li 'm 36 •exhaustive one the land must wear out. T]ie mill owners cannot in future depen'l upon the supply they have been fretting in' tht'ir own country ; and I think that if they directed their attention to Canada, and spent half the amount tliey spent in encourafi[iiifi^ the growth of jflax in India in Canada, they could f?et all they would require. Beside the adaptability of the soil, there is the advantage of qiiick transit ; from Montreal to Livori)Ool is made on an average in ten days. As regards the labour market, I need scarcely tell you that tlie supply is very far sliort of the demand. All the farm hands of the North of Ireland could find ready employment at high wages. Sen'ant girls ire also much required. There are many men here, who can use the axe, getting i'GO a year and their board. Farm hands get more than double what they get in Ireland, and good board, meat three times a day, and that of the best quality. Would you kindly let me know if you expect to send many next spring. Anything you desire to know about this part of Canada I will be' glad to inform; you to the best of my ability. I am, dear Sir, yours tnily, ALEXANDER GORDOK. Charles Foy, Esq., Commissioner of Emigration, BeUast, Ireland. Extracts from a Letter of a Lady, who, owing to misfortune, was with' her family, reduced to great poverty, and who was sent out by the assistance of kind frieuds. Ottowa, 10th November, 1871. Dear Mr. Foy, — You must think me very ungrateful for your great kindness to myself and family for not writing to you sooner. I got the 10s. you sent to Derry from: Messrs. Allan's Agent, when going in' the tender to the steamer ; also, the 30s. you sent to Mr. Stafford, the Government Agent at Quebec. We had a rough voj-age, but having a steady, God-fearing captain. (Dutton) we did not fear, but were quite happy ; we landed on the .Srd November all well, thanks to the Lord of the waves. Mr. Stafford was very kind to us. Saw us comfortably seated on the train for Ottowa, after providing us with a comfortable breakfast. We aiTived in Ottowa on Saturday evening, and went to Mr. Wills ; he was, like Mr. Stafford, most kind, and sent his daughter with us to a nice hotel, . and Monday morning, before breakfast, we were placed in comfortable situations ; it is a very fair beginning, and we are very thankful for it. Mr. Wills says that if my daughter was here she could do well. . Please to tell her not to fret. Spring will soen come round, and I hope to send for her then. My dear Mr. Foy, I will not attempt to speak my gratitude to you and Mrs. Foy for your great kindness to myself and family. A letter from my darling told me how you had clothed them for the Winter. May God reward you both will ever be the prayer of yours, respectfully, To the Editor of the Field. Sir, — In your issue of the 9th I read, with a good deal of astonish- - ment, the letter of a " Betired Queen's Officer," who has apparently commenced business in Norfolk, Virginia, as a land jobber or Emigra- tion Agont. .He states that : — " Canada, Australia, Nev/ Zealand, the i;i 31 " CipnofGootlHope, ofTor extraordinary premium=! and bid hipfli for the *' adventurous euii^^raut ; but the fact is uudeniaUlo that the United " States have so much more to otfer and at ao much cheaper and more ** convenient a rate, that is no use to try to compete. Every settler " who can get away from Canada crosses the frontier in search of •' cheaper and fairer lauds than Canada can give." I have rather an extended experience in Colonial life, and my knowledge of the United States is, perhaps, to say the least, quite equal to that of the " llatired Queen's Officer," and it appears to me that it would bo extremely difficult to advance in your columns more mendacious statements than those which 1 have quoted above. It is tnie that Queensland offers forty acres of land to actual settlers, and that Canada offers two hundred acres of land, free of charge, to every head of a family, but what the extraordinary premiums aro which tiie other Colonies offer I have been unable to discover, other tlian that faxes equally with Canada, are geiwrallij low, the /^/'/ce of labour hijk, and that the necessaries of life are icsuaUy cheap and ahmdant. The residents of the United States, at the present tune, stand in the un- enviable position of being the most heavily taxed community on the face of the earth. Many of the necessaries of life are from 50 to 80 and even 120 per cent hlrjher than they are in the adjoining Dominion of Canada, as I knoio to my cost. The idea of famihes fleeing from Canada, which is the most lightly taxed country in the world, to the United States, to Bave their pockets is rather rich. The absurdity is so transparent it is hardly worth contradiction. In point of fact the very reverse is the (Case. The Dominion of Canada, which now covers a much kirger area, than tlte whole of the United States comhln^^d — is in the enjoyment of an extraordinary degree of prosperity — with eveiy prospect of making more rapid strides in the future as her powers became more consoli- dated ; the utmost activity prevails in all branches of industry, and a considerable number from the United States are makmg in it their Jiomes to escape the frightful taxation and expenses of Hving in their own country. In proof of the correctness of what I advance I give you and extract from the New York Times, the most respectable journal in that city of unparalleled municipal rascahty, concerning the emigration of forei^^ners into the United States for the year ending December 31st, 1871, taken from official returns. It says — '• Canada sends but 249, " which contradicts the current behcf of a large influx from that effete " Dominion." This is truly a vast number to leave a Colony contain- in" between four and five millions of souls, when life is as secure as in England, and when an equal veneration exists for law and order. It would take up too much of your space to make further refutations for plausible fallacies. I will merely add that in Canada or any other Colony the emigrant remains as much of an Enghshman as he was at home, and that the matter of allegiance appears to sit with rather dis- creditable lightness upon a " Retu-ed Queen's Officer," who in early life entered into certain engagements when joining the service. — Your obedient servant, W. D. London, September. 88 EMIGRATION. To the Editor of the Duii/ Erprr^n. Sir,— Iiitho "Daihi ExpreDs some tiire i)po 1 r< a«l a lottor advnpatinj* emigration to Nnbraska. Would you kindi* publish ' \\*' following, adurr-s- wd to tlic Slandnrd, aud it is only one of t\J ninny r< c i' ed from (lisa|>point- ed oniin;rant«, I have others giving, if p/ssible, a inoiu gloomy account. • Vours obliged, Charles Fo.y. Canadian Oovornmont Fmigratio* Deparfmrnt, Uflice— II, Clarcinount-strcct. Belfast, 14th December, 1871- TT. To the Editor of the Standard, Sir. — T notice in your issue of tJiis niorninp: a 'otter, sipned " "Wm. Hay ward," concerning a party of cpiit^rants who have been induced to leave England to s'^ttle in the state of Meliraska, and as considerable exertions i»r;' being made at the present timp by American lard-joblors, pas'^enger- broUers, and so-calletl commissiojiers to send British •■ubjects to this far distant I'den, I enclose you an extract from a Canadinn paper, giving the; exjierience of a Canadian farmei , who has recently returned to his own country, after a three years' res| ence in that western Paradise, the state of Nebraska, in the hope that it may prove serviceable to those who aro thinking of lcavin,if their native and. " Having just returned from Kcbraskfi, and hearing such ghming nc- connts in this country of the m iny advantages offered by that state to agriculturist", T am induced to a dr:!ss you a few lines to warn those who may intend emigrating thither. " I left NassaJ^aye in the sp'* ng of TRfP, rnder the influence of very promising remours which rcachec me, of the prosperity of the prairie state of Nebraska. 1 was af^companied ly ten other Canadian farmers with their families. We found no difficulty in taking up 80 ]C0 acre lots, and went to work and ploughed up a good share, each h(>lping the other, it requiring the strength of three stout horse i to each plough, the sod being so tough. The first year no crops can be pi t in, the sod is so much affected by the summer sun that anything sown ^n it would be parched up. May, June, and July are the only months in which the prairie sod is ploughed, and if turned up at any other season it would not rot. We, conser|uently, had to wait until the fall of I8G9, or 1' .;hteen months before we had any return for our labour ; we then reaped ifcout 17 bushels of wheat to tho'acre, to dispose of w hich we were oblige* to haul it a distance of 800 miles to Omaha market, and there sell it rer 60 cents, rer bushel. We were de- barred from raising any stack owing to the want of material to build fences ; we, consequently, were obliged tolconfme ourselves to one cow each, and keep them during the summer moAtlis staked up on the prairie in order that they should not injure oui own or neighbours's crops, which, being unfenced, were exposed. Our wold, for erecting dwellings, we hauled from Sandy point on the Missouri iriver. a distance of 1 j miles. It con- sis'ted wholly of cotton wood, aboutl six inches in diameter, fo, which we had to pay 25 dollars per 1,000 feet.1 From the great severity o' the cli- mate in winter we could not use thei-'e wooden buildings for 1 veilings in the cold : we consequently were obliged to follow the usua custom of digging ' goffer holes ' in the ground, covering these over with the prairie grass and earth, which formed our winter habitations for five months of the year, sheltering the cattle in somewhat similar structures, from which they were not taken during the winter — hay, water, &c., being carried to them. There is no such thing as cattle existing in the open prairie during theAvinter season, the cold is so intense. I left there on the ]C>th of Feb- ruary, this year, and on arriving in Canada was quite sprprised at tho change in the temperature. 30 •^ Pine lumbor at Orraha was sollin;^ at, 7"5 dollars por ,l,nOO foet. an»l wheat at 30 oi.'nts per busli(«l. Wlu-n 1 left in Febniary, white flour sold ,at :i floHar^ and j'» rents y(k l'>01b. This prcat ditlVrenoo between tho prices of wheat and llotip is (»winff to the scarcity of mills. Coals in the same marUot sold at .'J? dollars per ton Our firewood we {,'ot from the Missouri river, a distance (.f hp miles. We paid nothing for it, but as it was composed wholly of driftWood, it is yearly becoiring scarce. " Tarpy (^•unty, in Nebraski, is inhabited principally bj Canadians, the pjreat majority of whom would rbtnrn had they the means to do so. Twenty families, to my own knowledge, nave returned to Canada, and ihey will bo fo'huved by more. I know several firraers who sold out their farms in .Canada ami took with them to Nebraska from 2,()(i0 dollars to 5,0i)(> dollars each, and are now living in ' goffer holes' unable to raise as many hundreds. " The Pacific Railroad runs within Kj miles of my farm, and while it Mas being built prosperity reigntu'l all round, but now there is no sale for grain, and you c*annot tliink of raising stcx-k. " My object in penning these lines is that they may act as a warning to Canadian farmers. I have returned to Canada, aud only regret having left it. I am now a resident at Hamilton, and will be happy to give any information to those desiring it concerning prairie farming in the Far West. — Vours. &c , " .1. KlRKLANP." ^fr. Editcr, has not the time arrived for our Government to take up the whole subject of emigration, and direct the stream to our own colonies, where there are ample and unsurpassed openings for our surplus popula- tion ? — Your obedient servant, ' A British Subject. THE LUMBER TRADE OF CANAD'A. To the Editjor of the Northern Whit/. Sin, It might be interesting to some of your readers to know some- thing of the lun.bering trade of Canada. I therefore give you some figures of that business in the Ottawa River district. 230,00(',UO() board measure i.e., superficial feet — are prepared for the American market alone. A .similar quantity is sent to the English miarket in the following proportion : o(>,0"(),0i)() superficial feet and 18,(t0i',U00 cubic feet of square timber. The following singular figures are the result of careful investigation and estimate by one of the principal merchants engaged in the .American trade. For the business alone of the |.iO,0 00,000 board measure above- ;iafned, 3,000 men are employed in tak&ig out the log.», 2,000 taams are used, 9,000 sleighs are nsed, '2,300 tons,!of hay are consumed, 3,500 barrels of pork, 4,0flU barrels of flour, 23,0001b.?, of tea: I4,300lbs. of soap con- sumed, 400,000 of iron chain used ; and 2,0U0 men are further employed in sawing and shipping the lumber. But these figures do not express the amount of the whole Canadian lumber trade. It is estim.ated at 700,000,000 feet for the American market and an equivalent quantity for England, South America, Australia, &c., or a grand total of 1,400,<»!)(),000 feet. To carry on this trade over 30,t0l) men are employed, at an average of 4s per day and their board. It is, taking' this immense trade into account, easy to understand farm labourers getting from 33/. to 40/. sterling a-year and their board, and the supply is not ec^ual to the demand. In one district — the Ottowa Valley — . there is a demand for 43,000 farm hands. — I am, yours obliged, Chaules Fot. Belfast, November 27, 1871. Iio Newry, 11th December, 1871. Dear Sir, I write to inform you that Margaret Jane Beggs, whom yoti sent in the " Scandinavian," reached her friends in Hamilton in fourteeij 40 days from Nowry. Sho is very thankful fcr your letters to the A^jcnts, and says -The " Agents did everything? they could for mo, and had J t not beea for iheir kindness I would have had a great dea.! more trouble ; 1 doa't think I would have got here/' — Yovirs truly, W. H. COKDWF.B, ■Charles Foy,, Esq., Belfast. IRISHMEN IN CANADA. Tlifi followin<][ is from the Balfasf. Nems-Leiter of Deeeraber 31 : — " We havo frequently had occasion to refer in terms of national exr llUatiori to the high position which many Irishmen had gahied in the Western RepubUc. Turn to what quarter we may of the vast continent, tiiere will he found natives of tht; " Green Isle" standing among the most pronjinent members of the agricultural or mercantile communities, and frequently taking the lead in local progress. Cross^ iug the fi'outier, and taking a v lew of affairs m Canada, we shall find that there, too, m^any of our countrymen have made rapid way ; and whether in the senate, the municipal hall, or in the forixm of com- merce, the people of our island home occupy a full share of honour, In the course of the last half century the progress of British America, or the New Dominion, as it is now termed has been fully equal to the proportionate advancement of its Republican sister. To this onward movement Irish settlers of all gi'ades have largely contributed. If forests wei'o to be cleared of their giant pines, the Celt was found wieldmg the axe with a sturdiness of stroke and perseverance of action that astonished his fellow-labourers. And in the laying of the railway ti'ack, tunnelling through vast mounds, or spanning with bridges the widest rivers, the Irislunan usually found hhnself engaged at the most dangerous part of the works. Some of the finest buildings in the cluef cities have been erected by our countrymen ; and one of the most entei'prising fanners in Ontario hails ft-oin the County Down. " By the last mail from Montreal we have the news connected with that city down to the 18th instant, and among the notices of local affairs wd find that of a deputation ha\nng waited on Mr. William Workman, President of the City Bank, to reijuest that he would permit himself to be re-elected MajJ^or for the ensuing year. The dejjutation consisted of some of the most influential men in Mont^'eal, and at the close of the proceedings Mr. Workman stated that, although he had determined to retire from the chair of chief-magistrate, still he f^jlt so much gratified at the compliment paid im by his fellow-citizens that ha would waive nil previous considerations, and accept the office, The family of tli.* Worlanans consists, we beUeve, of five leading members, all of whom emigrated ft-ora Ball5miacaah, near Lisbum, more than forty years ago. Like many otlier representative men on both sides of the Atlantic, the Workmans are founders of their own fortunes ; and, as is usual in all such cases, they have not failed to leave their mark on the scene of their entei-prise. Indeed, it is hardly possible for any individual, or any number of persons, to push forward with sxiccess either in the mercantile or manufacturing world, and not do much good to those around them. Wilham Workman was for a long period head of a largo house in Montreal; his brother Tlomas, of the same firm, is one of the city representatives in the Canadian Parliament. Two other members of the same family are medical supo-iut nhi^tsofthe Toronto Asylum ; and Alex. Workman is one of the most respectable merchants of Uttowa, and was twice returned as Mayor of that city. County of Down men feel proud of tlie high dis- tiaction wliich the Hom^urable Mr. Hiucks gained for Imnsolf. „ 41 H V S^OIVrE ADVICE FTvOM CANADA. To the Editor of the Chalhain News. Toronto, Jan. IGth, 1872. Sir, — I will thank you to iuaort tlio followiui:; low wmhIs on omif^ra- tion to Canada, &c., in your valuable metlium, which I rocoivo at intervals from niy friends in Chatham. Canada is a capital country for a working man to como to, and if lio owns a family of sturdy sons they will bo a fortune to him. There ia also a fjrcat demand for fiinales as domestic servants. Farm labo\irorH, carpi.'Uters, bricklayers, bootmakers, v'cc, find ready employment at liigh wap[es. I would strongly advise intending emigrants to como to this country in ea.rly spring. It is far better than cmning at tho full of the yeav< as winters arc rather long and severe. Kates of wages aro from one to two dollars per day ; a dollar is worth nbinit 4s 2d in English money. H'oasG-rent and tiring are rather dear, but living is remarkably cheap. Goo mil«;s west, and many other places, where living, i&c., is still cheaper than in Toronto, and wtrk more plentiful. The clinnite is very similar to that in England, only the frosts are sharptir here. There are sat7(/ Ncwe. 42 GoLDFiELDS OF BRITISH NoRTH AMERICA. — Tli3 Winnipeg corre- spondent of the Toronto Gloho reports tlie existence of much excitement about the rumours of gold dig^tn » of gi'eat value at Peace River. The coi'respoudcut writes : — " A party already there is making froii' '^lOtJO to $2001) a day digging, paying froM 5 ft. to 25 ft. deep. Old Cali- fornians on the spot think the country north of the Garspcr Huuse, and between the ranges, will prove richer than even California. The dis- tance of the mine from Edmonton ib about 600 miles to the north-west, and miners at Edmonton intend to leave along with the Hudson Bay Company January Express by way of Sione Lake and Dulverin, on (log sleds. Another party is expected to start from here in surly spring, before the ice breaks up on the lakes and rivers. It is said the mining population of the Central and Paoifici States are on the move to the long looked-for discovery." Arrangements havo been made by the Dominion Government, by which emigrants will be enabled to reach Fort Gurry next summu:. for ^15 {£'6 sterling). C. F. T*rom the Canadian Illustraied Neias. " The question of immigration is at the pi'esent moment a most mo-' mentous one for Canada. There are great public works in process of construction or projected. There are immense spaces of wdd lands to be occupied ; countless mines to be opened and worked ; everywhere is the harvest of labour ripe for the sickle, v'ile the labourers are but few. Let us in Canada then proclaim the fairness, the freedom, and bonificence of our political institutions, and the liberality of our social customs, GO that strangers seeking a new home in the Western wilds may be convinced before hand of the superior atti-actions which this countiy holds out, especially to immigrants fi'om Great Britain anil Ireland. Kindred institutions ; a municipal system better peilected than that of England or Scotland ; an educatiojial system, either secular or religious, at o;)tion ; a liberal code of laws regulating com- merce and the ownership of property, and a generous and kindly spirit of social mtercourse, are r'mong the attractions which Canada can offer wi;.h confidence to the new comer. Add to these boundless scope for the exercise of almost every form of industry which tliis country un- doubtedly possesses, and why, we may well ask, should any of the emigrant classes fiom European couutrieb seek another place in which to make their new homes ? Certainly the Irish emigrant would show good sense by preferring Canada to the Uui'ed States. Iho contrast between our allairs and those of New York is soiucwhat striking, and ought to impress inteuchng emigrants with the manifest advantages offered by Canada. . , To the Editor of the Daily E.vprcss. Sir, — I read with much pleasure in this day's E.vpress a letter on Canada as a home for the emigrant, from the liev. Mr. Hanson. He repeats what I have so frecpiently, by your kind indulgence, told the readers of the Express — " there is no poverty m Canada." I have also advocated in your columns, and the columns of twenty other Irish papers, the real charity of sending aU the unemployed to Canada, uistead of making yearly appeals for money to give them temporary ralief. I am satisfied that the rev. goutleman will bo glad to hear . „ , 43 that Canada is not now as it was three years ago, terra incor/nHa. By the kindness of a large portion of the Irish Prass, for which I am very grateful, I have had over one ]nndred letters on 'i' THE ADVANTAGES OF CANADA. Tn commenting recently upon the attempt of a small number of Sffentlemen, mostly interested in monufactures, to pi'omote a system of high tariffs in the interest of protection, we remarked that all tlicy or others could legitimately desire would ultimately be obtained, and Canada could bo shown to bo the cheapest and best governed cuimtry in the world to livo in. The perfectly free and liberal cliaracter of our political constitution, the complete control the people can, if they will, exercise in their Federal, Provincial and municipal gcvernmeut, sliou'd remove all difficulty out of t}'e way of the latter half of our pro])ositioii. As to the former — so far as countries speaking the Eugli^^h tongue are concerned — it would seem that the desirable point has been already attained. With respect to the prime necessaries of life, Canada may cortaudy compare very favourably with any British Colony, and tiicy are to be had far cheaper here than in Great Britain or the Unite d States. With respect to taxation, however, the advantages are in %vour of Canada beyond all comparison. The taxation per head in the Do- minion is only ISs lid sterhiig. Tu Great Britian and Ireland it is Ju'i 4s 7d, or iibout two-and-a-half times the amount of our proportio' . In the United States it is £2 19s 5d \}>n- head, or more thi.u three times that of Canada. But the taxation of the other British Colonies places that of Canada in a still more favourable light. In Nerv Zealand the taxation is actually ' ■':^ 7s 2d per head ; in South Australia, MiS 7s 4d per head ; . in QueensL ; ' ''' los 9d per head ; and in New South Wales, £b Os 9d per head. Canada is taxed only in tlie proportion, in round figures, of oue-thu nth of New Zealand — less than one-sixth of South Australia — one-sixth of Q'ieeUsland — and something over one-fifth of New South Wales. At the present moment there can be no doubt, that thousands o' persons in Great Britain are cantemp.lating emigi'ation durmg tho coming sunmaer. Tt, moy^ 1]1'^,1''^^'^t^i bo pv<^pnv for us to ri » >vhai) Mi. ^om W""^^ "li|":h<^^- ibvPf i nonlJis iiJ^U 'Y f^M^-'^i '■•-'•'^^' piv%n.oc..wl f.^ ,1^ ],„,] 1.Q T.^f >>^^»-. ^r,^^^ jr. j>]]p PvntMnnn nfni.fnv;^^ ^^ brlug tlils phaso of -th^Ruperiority of Canada as a field forimmigratioji before our countrj-- inen at home. With no long exhaasting or expensive voyage of four or five months duration, tho industrious milUions of the old coimtry can find an outlet for tlicir over-stocked laboiu- market, where wages — we speak, of course, of handicrafts and agiicultxu'al employment — are liigher than at home, where food is cheaper, and where the iiand of tho tax-gatherer is most liglitly felt. Nor is there tho least fear of the supply of hands exceeding the means of employment. The 28,000 immigrants of the past season have been absorbed without sensibly affecting wages or caixsing any api)reciable sit ^iening iu tlie demaufi. Tlie statements sent home by the new settlers are oia natuio to induce others to follow. It should then ';o the object of every lover of his country, of every one that believes in British institutious, and desires that the largest possible number of his fellow-subjects should share in the benefits, the nearest, greatest, and cheapest of British colonial dependencies has to biestow, to set forth her clauns to tlieir first choice, and thus ju'event many thousands wlio cross the Atlantic from becoming ahenated li'om tiieii' allegiance to tiieir mother laud. 11/ m V ^ FORWAED. 'Keep not standing, fixed and rooted, Briskly venture, briskly r am ; Head and hand where'er thou foot it, And stout heart are still at home. In what land the sun does visit, Brisk are wo whate'er betide ; To give space for wandering is it Tliat the world was made so wide. From the Toronto Leader. No one will deny that it was a good thing for iEneas, and a gooS, thing for civilization, that that founder of a new race should have been compelled to leave his hcloved Jlmni, and seek in unknown lands, to create another Troy. Many a man has reason to bless the day that stress of circurastauces led him to leave his native land and seek in this new world of ours, a homestead' or a competency. No doubt men are attached to the land of theu' birth, and we do not wish it otherwise, as we hope and expect tlie descendants of siicli like men to grow up with a love for our Dominion, as fervent and as sacred as men are wont to regard their fatherland. We are convinced that there are tens of thousands of the countless denizens of Europe who would find a con- genial home in Canaoa and who, ax present, are doing little more than existing where they are. We know that there are multitudes in tlie rural districts of England, Ireland, and Scotland, valuable members of the community, heads of families, and of fair intelligence, who, hke the pastor in the IJtfsertal Village, on forty pounds a year, consider them- selves " passing rich" on somethmg less thai^ half-a-dollar a day. We are convinced, too, that tens of thousands of these same men would oversprend our provmces, like the Asiatic hordes, who populated tho continent of Europe to its occidental hmits, did they but know tho scope, capacity ,-fmd advantages, of our gi'eat and growing coimtrj'. W^e want tliese men, we have plenty of work and hberal pay to offer them. What we want is a full proportion of that great stream of emi- gration which flows eA^ery year in upon oxir neighbours on the other side — a stream flowing steadily West, and being invariably absorbed and retained by the Western prairie lands. And to this end one of the first things we have to look to is the rectifying of an error that beyond doubt possesses, or is put into the minds of the emigrating classes, that the United States offers superior advantages to what Canada does. Is it in pohtical freedom, or advanced institutions ? We possess a con- stitution and institutions which, we beheve, are destined to obtain when those of the United States are remodelled. Is it in more favourable conditions for acquiring homesteads or mineral claims? In our Free Grant districts we offer every man, simply at the })rice of possessing it, farm land sufficient for a family, and if it be encumbered witl'. timber, as prairie lands are not, it is encumbered with an article of value increasnjg every year. Besides, those who choose prairie lan(' can have it of the best in Manitoba. There can be no doubt but that the Dominion of Canada will be the gi'eat manufacturuig centre of this continent, because of the untold mines of mineral wealth, whidi are but awaiting capital and enterprise for their development in the North- Wust. Theu, too, the suixnior advantages oi our ^t. Lawreucv ruutt^ 46 ■^ t will, in spite of all Eai3tern States' jealousy and protoction policy, di« vert' the whole transit of the Western States, and thus prosper and enrich the thousands settled alontif tlie wliole line. Onr cliiiiate is most suitaljle to the inhahitantsof more northerly Eiarope, our taxiition i ■: U;,'hter than any other British colony and infinitely lighter than that or our neighbours, and our system of primaiy education is second to none in the world. To those who coine from the British shores, our Dominion is peculiarly suitable, as presm. ving and fostering old and cherished ideas, which men part from as from dear friends. THE PROGRESS OF CANADA. From the Hamilton Spnetator. Let as glance for a moment at some of the evidences of substantial progress made by this country, which abound on eveiy side. Take for instance the railway system of the country, than wliich a hotter index of general prosperity cannot be found, since it extends only a-itho material growth of the country calls for greater facilities for transpori; of its population or prodncts from point to point, and what do we see. In IHW-, the first crude attempt at a railway in Canada was put in operatiun. In 1841, thirty years ago, there were scarcely twenty indes of railway in the four Provinces ; in 1847 some thirty- eight miles more were added ; in 1S50 the numlKT of miles was hi- creased by twelve ; and henceforth the progress has been steady, and almost uuiuterru]-»ted, until at the commencement of 1871 we find the country has nearly, if not quite, three thousand miles of railway in operation, (published reports say t\senty-seven liundred and eiglity miles) witli a,bout as much more in course of construction or projected. Ju the United States of America, that country so famous lor its progref-e especially in railway building, 1341 opened with thirty-five hundred and thirty-five miles of railway in operation (iis near as we can reckon from the figures before us) ; at the commencement of 1870 the number of miles liad increased to forty-seven thousand two Imndixsd and fifty- iour. Now for tlie comparative rate of increase in the two countries : in Canada it was thii'teeii hundred and eighty per cent.; in the United Siates it was under twelve hundi'ed and forty per cent. Just here the inquiry, what has caused this extraordinary increase in tlie railways of the country, becomes pertinent. Thirty years ago there ware only twenty mdes of railway (actual measurement makes it less, but tlie lengih given above will answer present pui'poses) ui the country, and that was of the poorest description, the rails being of wood with ilat bars of iron spiked on them. It is related of these rails that they were honoured with the title of " snalie rails," because of their tendency to curl upward as the wheels p»st;ed over them, a pecu- liarity which occasioned no little mconvenience, and much danger. I'ut, such as that railway was, it met the requirements of the country at the time ; and for eleven knig years it continued the sole reiu-esentiN tive of railway enterprise in Canada. If the country had rexnained Btationa-"y, if its population had not increased, it its commerce had not e.\pa7ideJ, if its resources had not been develojied, if its industries had continued in the iu)rmal condition in wliich they then existed, perluq m that same twenty luiLn; oi' railway, with its "snake rails," would still nieet the re(p:,irements of the time, and continue to be the sole repre- sentative of the race of railways in Canada. Hap])i1v, however, no such mialortuuc was iii store for us. The Cauudu of ti ii'ty years ago i» m 47 y 11 by no means the Canada of to-day. From two small provincee, it has CKteuiled its bouiularies to both oceans; from a population of a few liundred tliousand, it has climbed well up in the millions ; from no cjmmerco at all, it has strode fonvard to a prominent place among the great commercial nations of the earth; fi'om a few small steamboats, and still smaller sailing vessels, her navy has mcreased until now, f )urth only in size in the world, the Avhite sails of her fleets are spread to catch the breezes of heaven on every sea ; from here and tiiere a mill, most prhultive in its construction and barely sufficient to relievo the pressing wants of the people, while supplit v.'ere being procured in other countries, or to convert raw material .uo articles of food or clothing requisite f jrhomo consumption, her manufactories have sprung up on every hand and her industries have swelled themselve i to such dimensions that the ceaseless hum of busy machinery greets the ear at every step, and from an importer of nearly every article required for use in the country she has turned exporter, sending abroad largo quantities of the products of her handiwork to find pm'chasers in the markets of the world. We might go on to multiply instances of the progress made m Canada in the past quarter of a century, but to do so is unnecessary ; those we have given show why, instead of twenty miles of railway, we have one hundred and fifty times that number, while the ciy is still for more, and prove conclusively the progress of the country. o lis A SUCCESSFUL MONAGHAN MAN.— MEECANTILE ENTEKPBISE. From the Northern Standard of ord February, 1872. Under tlie above heading the Ottowa con-espendent of the Perth Currier writes : — " About two years ago a young man with a small capital, of modest demeanour and inoffensive manners, named Wliitla, commenced a diy goods store in Arnprior, on the cash principle, selhng 'under tJie sign of "The lied Flag," with very small profits, and, of ciuirse, 20 to 30 per cent, cheaper than other well-estabhslied concerns. Steadily carrying out this principle, he increased his stock, buying ux the cheapest markets for cash, selhng at the very lowest remunerative figure for the same all-powerful commodity. Mr. Wliitla has now the largest diy goods estabUshment ua the county of Renfrew, and steadily atUiores to the same principle as at the outset. Two years ago liis Btock was valued at $1,000 ; now it is estimated to be worth S18,00v) ; Riid he is making arrangements to import tliis spring du'ect from Britain, and to supply country mercliants by wholesale. By steadiness, sobriety, antl energy, Mr. Wliitla has, in two short years, made hiniseh" independent, and is now on tlie straiglit road to affluence ftiid wealth. He is a native of Monaghan, in the North of Ireland." [We had the privilege of knowing intimately tlie young man alluded to ai)0ve ; lie is the third son of Mr. E. Whitla of tliis town. The result of his exertions in Canada in no way astonishes us, as his un- tiring energy, business capability, and strict integrity would command Bucccas in ar,y country. In tliO Dominion, however, he has had peculiar facilities for acquiring' pjsiticn and wealth, and we think he exercised a wit^e discretion in vbciding to settle there in preference to the United States, where Le iivi^d boiiu' iime before going to Canada. — tD. N. S.] %Q To the Editor oftlic Daily Express. Rir, — T am desirous to mippleinout my fonner letterc on Canada ••vV'itli some infonmitiou to tlie intending emi,i:n^ant as to tlie best course for him to pursue after laudin*;; in that prosperous colony. It is a most important matter, then, to be kept in view, not only by tlie hil)ourin^ classes, but also t)y all who contemplate tlie possibility of making? Cimada their future home, that they should be willinj? to throw aside early prepossessions and prejutHces, and take, in the way of enjoyment, whatev(!r first comes to hand, Tlie editor of one. of the most cleyer and widely circulated papers in the Dominion told me lately that he commenced lifV in Canada by rolling,' baiTcls on board one of the vessels on Lake Hurson. This nii.t,'ht, perchance cause a smile in some of the old coimtry people, but the Canadians (and this is thegloiry of theii- couutiyj never sm'ln at any of such thiii,i;js. With tlieui all kinds of labour are honourable, a man is esteemed f< r what he it and what he can do, and not for what he seems to be, or because his father or j,Tandfather was a duke, a major in the ai-my, or the squu-e of a certain psirish. This is exactly the state of feelin^f in Canada, and it has, to my knowledge many and excellent advantages, one of which is, that any one of probity, talent, honesty, and good couduct, can rise fi'om the humblest position to till tlio highest offices, ev(>n of State. I iiHist, however, enter a protest against the mistaken notion -sometimes entertained, that any kind of emigrants is good enough for .Canada. Only the industrious, the sober, and the persevering can hojie to succeed there, as well as anywliere else; but, given these con- ditions, and I maintain that Canada aftords a far finer field for his at- taining wealtli and prosperity than Great Britain or Ireland. How so ? Because Canada is a country y^^here the hard-working labourer, the mechanic, the struggling shopkeeper, and the small fai'iner, may easily rise, and, witli a young and growing family around hmi, speedily be- comes a man of property. A poor man is always sure of empkjj^ruent wlien he wants it, at from three-quarters of a dollar to a dollar 'and a (iiiartcr a day; and if lie prefers to work on land of his own, he can j'lvvays obtain this on such temis that he can live on it, and pay for it f -oni oh the land itself. Then, which is a most important point, taxa- t on is not more than a third of that which is levied in this country, and the pr'ospect.pf having one's o.wn freehold is dehglitlul uideed. I'ancy the feelings of a man who daily treads upon his own soil, and wlio is proudly coaseious that eveiy stroke of his axe, everv hoixr's work, is done for hiaiseif or his family. Thisj, ixideed, is true hberty -a id manhood. It is most im})ortant to the agi'icultural labourer to go right forward to the rural districts, and to shmi cities and towns as places of settle- iu;>nt. His great object is, as soon as possible, to become the farmer of his own land, and he cannot begin too eai-ly to acquire the knowledge essential to his success. Now, as regards another class, those who are skilled or mechanical libourers — they, too, are in demand; and there is always .employment tor maeliinists, bricklajers, masons, carpenters, joiners, and other mechanics. Good book-keepers, too, will find that their services are in reiiueet, aud any yuuiig man, in fact, of talent uud energy, who, in / 49 I the overcrowded state of the market at hom'^, conld not easily obtafrf eiuployiueut, will have a noble field for his ener^'ics iu Canada. Lot it be remembiu-ed, however, that we do not claim for that prosperous- and rising colony either the power or the opportunity of speedily real- ising large fortunes; but we claim the greatest facility of securing ;i, most comfortable iudepeudouce with a very small capital, and m u very short time, wiUi reasonable exertio-n and judicious industry and economy. To those hesitating (it may be painfully and anxiously) between going to Canada or to Australia, I would say, that the basis of Camula's prosperity — namely, agriculture and commerce — is a much tinner and more secure one than that of Austraha, where the htiiil fever of gold- finding prevails. " Tile torrent that rushes from the mountain's brow soon nms dry, but the perennial stream, tricklmg from the rocks, Hows on for ever." As I think of Canada, my heart, though at times r.ad, rejoices with a parent's pride that I have left beliind tlu-ee beloved sons' there, tho youngest 11 years of age, and the eldest 17 ; all in business for then?- selves; and they would not leave Canada for the " old comitry," not- withstanding its early associations and past scenes- Joyous and delightful are the feelings of the emigrant on landing in the New Dominion, when he finds that he comes to ahealtiiy clunate — to a land where, from the '* horn of plenty," are ponred forth her richest stores, where he is welcomed with out-stretched arms by friends and neighbours irom home, and where he in line, is placed amongst all tliat is pleasant and companionable, liis couutrymcu only too glad to hail him as one of then- nmnbor, and cheer Ixim in his onward pro- gress. There iwe great advantages of a moral and spii'itual kind in Canada. Education is placed within the reach of all, i-eligious mstruc- tion abounds, the pamphlet, the r fivspapcr find their way to almost every hearth, and there exists absolute freedom in all matters relating to rehgious oj^inions. UnwUliug 1 a:n obhgedto close. I thank you most sincerely for your insertion of my letters iu your widely-ch-culated and most influ- ential journal, and hopuig that thoy may contribute, even in a small degi'ee, to the general good. — I remain yom-'s very tnily, Thomas L. Hanson, Cik., A.B., Late Incmnbent of Woodbridge and Yauglian, . Canada West. Omagh, January 16, 1871. CONCLUSION. I have given you a few of the mar. y letters received from emigrantR :' and, in cunchision, I ask you to compare them with the experience of any received in your respective neighbourhoods and say if they are not a true picture of this laud of peace and plenty. '* Fair land of peace, may'st thou ever be Even as now, the land of hberty. Treading serenely on thy upward road, Honoured of nations and approved of God; On thy fair front, eml)lazoned clear and bright, Freedom, fraternity, and equal right 1 " C. F.. 60 THE BEST ROUTE TO CAinADA. T would rocommend all able to pay their passage in steamers to cliooso Messrs. Allan Brothers Line (Montreal Steamship Co.) as tlio fastest and best provisioned. The advantages of going by steamer, in preference to sailing vessel, must be plain to cveiybody, while the difference in the pa8f5age money is not so much as at first sight might appear, as in the difference of timo spent on the water the emigi-ant could earn the difference in amount, beside enjoying superior comforts wkilo on tho yoyage. Passages, ^G Gs each adult. C; F. \, — >03^3I<««<— • Printed ai the *'£(orthern Standari" Ojjice, Monaghan, \;