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Tous las autras exemplaires originaux sont filmAs an commandant par la premiere page qui comporte une empreinte d'impression ou d'illustration et en terminant par la derniAre page qui comporte une telle empreinte. Un des symbolas suivants appara?tra sur la dernidre image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbole —•• signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbole V signifie "FIN ". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc., peuvent dtre fiimis d des taux de reduction diffirents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour dtre reproduit en un seul cliche, il est film4 A partir de I'angie supArieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et da haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images n^cessaire. Les diagrammas suivants illustrent la m^thode. 1 2 3 4 5 6 ■p V .*. rt- i-. » MUVIir Ff?-^f%:>?? J*, "4 '.t: THE WELCH INDIANS. r & ^ m" mmmm -:f RES {rii And % -4^ r f 1 '-. <» • i t- t 3S 1 • - • l> THE ^ WELCH INDIANS; OR, ' > A COLLECTION OF PAPERS, RESPECTING A PEOPLE WHOSE ANCESTORS EMIGRATED FROM WALES TO AMERICA, IN THE YEAR 117W, WITH PRINCE MADOC, (three hundred VEARS before the first VOYAGE OF Columbus), And who arc laid now to inhabit a beautiful Country on the Weft Side of the MississiPi. DEDICATED TO THE ' MISSION J RV SOCIETY BY GEORGE BURDER. 7.0iVZ)0iV: PRINTED FOR T. CHAPMAN, NO, 151, !• I.F.ET-STREET. Price One Shilling. Vd A •>*• V TO THE . DIRECTORS AND MEMBERS OF THE MISSIONART SOCIETT. Gentlemen, YOU arc engaged in ihe moft honour- able of all purfuits, the difFufion of evangelical know- ledge among the benighted heathen. With unex- ampled liberality you have difpalched a number of Mif- fionaries to Otaheite, and other iflands of the Pacilic Ocean. You have now in contemplation the benevo- lent plan of chriflianizing the poor opprefled Africans. May the Almighty Saviour fucceed your philanthropic labours ! Permit me to introduce to your compafTionaie no- tice a numerous and long-neglefted race of men, origi- nally Britons, and ftill retaining the ancient Britiih language ; but feparated by the vaft Atlantic from this illumined ifle for more than fix hundred years. If we may credit the mod rcfpedable telHmonies, they preferve among them, with religious veneration, a manufcript volume, which is, with the greatefl: proba- bility, fuppofed to be The Bible, that blcfled book which is able to make us wife to falvatlo!^ They cannot read it, yet long to know its contcius ; tliey have wept when Grangers have vKifed them, unal)le like themfelves to perufe it. Tradition has taught them to exped that fome meffenger of God will one day come among them, and unlock the iacred cabinet. I in- dulge n 35R20 C Ivr ) dulge the hope that this honour is referved for the Englifli Miflionary Society. Thrice happy fliall that man be efteemed, who, (landing up among them, and holding the Bible in his hands, fhall cry in the Britifh tongue, " I am come from Madoc's country to read and explain to you this holy book of God, and to preach among you the unfearchable riches of Chrift.*' Gentlemen, the following pages contain hiflorical relations of the emigration of Prince Madoc from Wales, with a numerous train of his followers in the year 1170; together with a variety of remarkable cir- cumflances reported by travellers, and corroborating proofs from writers of different nations, all uniting to confirm the faft of their exiftence on the banks of the Miffouri. If this publication fhould draw forth further, and ftill more i'atisfaclory, information concerning them, and efpecially if it Ihould induce you to extend your generous and compaflionate regards to their diftant abode, it will afford the mofl cordial joy to, Gentlemen, Your humble Servant, GEORGE BURDER. Covcntr}', Mai ch\0, 1191. THE WELCH INDIANS. No. I. 'flit Difcoz-ery ef America //v the Welch, from The Univerjal Ilijlory, Vol. xliv. p. 'J. WF, miift not omit mat. the lVe!chc\o.\i-n a more ancient dUcovcry than any y<'t })n)clucC(J ; ailcrling tluit Prince Madoc, lun otOwen Guincth, was caft on tiie coaft of KloiicUi as early as 1 ITO or 1 190. 'Jliough, indeed, lomc Itxik. on this relation as fabulous, it has a 2;cat many t:ovru- horating ciixumihmccs thai make it appear not iuipiobablc ; for Meredith ap I-Jheiic, who gives us tlie aeeount, was prior to Oliinibus, and died in the year 1477, whieh is fifteen years l,efore Columbus began his expedition. To this we may-_ add the affinitv between tlie language of the Welch, and oi fome of the lettlements in thoi'e parts, whicli receives fome weight from the evidence of Nir. Davies, who tells us he met with a whole fettlement that fpoke the Welch language in its uttermoft puvitv ; and Irom the tradition of lome of the inha- bitants, whoaliert tiiat their anceftors eauic from u country l:('V(;nd the great waters, nearlv about the lame time, from the lame i)jinl of the eompals, ur fiom the riling of thj? llni. Xo. 11. ^lic fcllo'-'^.nn^^ icas f'y.fud (iniony^ the Piipcrs of thi late Ludy Fiajti, cf Crtjty Ihnje, in Lnuchijhhe *• . Columbus's Discovery or America quf.stiowed. THK chief thing lliat indui cd nie to look into fome authors Jicre mentioned, was my reading a fmall book iu oftavo, Gentleman's Magiuuie. \i»<.), Vol. il. i . i')6-. lent ( 6 ) lent me by a French gentlemnn lo perufe about twenty-five years ago ; it was tranilated into Knglifh, and gave an ac- count oi' a great nation of Indi-ms within-land from Cape Florida that a>5laiil!v fpcak Welch. 1. Plcal'e to look into James Howell's Letters, vol. ii. p. 71. concerning, the ancient Britlaines, and you will find that Maddocap(Jv\en, a Prince of Wales, made two voyagesfmm Wales to America, the fiiil in the year 1 HO, -vvhich is three hundred and fixLeen years before Columbus faw it. He died at Mexico, and tliis following epitaph was found engraven on liis tomb in the Welch language : ** Madoc wifmio ydie wedd, Jawn y( nan Owen Gwynedd, Ni fennum dvi i'lg enricldocdd, Ni dv mawr ondy mcrvedd." ENGLISHED. •* Madoc ap Owen was 1 calTd, Strong, tall, and comely, not cnthralVd With home-bred pical'ures ; but for fame, Through land and fea 1 fought the iame. " 2. See iliird volume of the Voyages of the Englifh Na- tion, by Uichard llackluyt, Student of Chrifl Cliurch, in Oxford, p. 1. 3. ice i^agett's Chrifiianography, p. 47. 4. See the third and kill volume of the Turkifh Spy, p. 2u'i. 5. See Purchas's Pilgrimage, book viii. p. 9,99. 6. Sec Brougliton, who afiirnis that the laith of Chrlft was preached in America by fome of our lirrt planters that preach- ed in Britain. 7. See George Abbot, Lord y\rchbifliop of Canterbury's Hiftoryof the V\ orld, p. 255, 56, and 57, who inforuis us, that King Arthur had fome knowledge of America, and that a Prince of Wales iirft f'jund it out. 8. See the Welch Cambria, wrote by David Powtll, and Sir John Price, Knt., tranflated into ICr.glilh by Humphry Lloyd, Gent. ; iliivc you will lee the reafons that induccq the Prince Madoc ap Owen Ciwvnedd to tr.ivch 9. See Sir Walter Kaleigh's I'liltorv of tlie World, an4 the w( r s il.e n :ti". csufcd whentl.ey talked fogclhcr. They fay the.'e cjid the iikc words : gwruiuJo, which is hearken, or liften, in VV ek h ; a bud with a white hca^l, they call pengwyn ; tm. while rock, carcgwen ; a jiver, gwndwr; an4 ' ( ^ ) there is a promontory, not far from Mexico, called Cape Breton, ail which are Brililh words ; and many more words of like nature ; which does manifelHy Hicw that it was that country that Frince Madot's people inhabited. No. III. The following Account cf Madoc and his Family^ taken frohi IVetch Jli/hrians and Poet^., appeared in the Monthly Mui(a'^ zine for Deiember, \.19(i,Ji^ncd Meiron. OWAIN, Prince of 6^j«fz, who died in the year 11C9, had nineteen children ; the names of the fons were, Hhodrit Cyuoric, Jiiryd, Mcrcdyz, EdiL-nl, ('yuan, '/t/V«, Mael^ony ^Lywelyn, JorwerthyDav^z^Ccidwiillofi^ liynicll. Cade!!. Madoc^ jLifiien, iind Phylip; of tlicle, Ji/iodri, IJywcII, Davyr., and' Madoc were the moll diftincuiflicd. Hywcll was a fine poet, as appt^ars by his compohtions, of which eight are prc- ferved. His mother was a native of Ireland ; and, tliouch not born in wedlock, he was the firft who afpircd to the crown after the death of Owain, which event no looner took place, but his brother Daiyz became his competitor, under the fanflion of a legitimate bivth. The coiuecjuencc was^ that the country became embroiled in a civil war. Inriuenced by dilguft at the unnatural dilien^ions among his brothers, Madoc, who is reprefented of a very mild dil- pofilion, refjlvcd upon the matchleis entcrprlze of exploring the ocean weftward, in fcarch of more tranquil icenes. The event was, according to various old documents, the difcover- ing of a nev/ world, from which he cfFciSlcd his return, to in- form his country of his good fortune. I'he conlcqucnce of which Wits the fitting-out of a iecond expedition ; dxxAMadoCf with his brother Hit yd. Lord of Clocran, in Ireland, prevailed upon ft) many :o accompany them, as to fill feven Ihips; and failing from the IHc of Lundy, they took an eternal leave of Wales, 'i'herc is a large book of pedigrees flill extant, Written by JmoH Sre^va, who llourilhcd in the age pieccd- ing the time of Coluvdius, where the above event is thus no- ticed, in treating of the genealogy of Owain Gwynez^ ** Aladoc a Riryd a ^awfant dlr yn mpcll yn y Merzucryzy ac ytto y cyvannezafanty Madoc and Riryd found land far in the fea of the weft, and there they fettled. '/^w«ry, the fon b 2 of ( « ) o{*L\iveIyny fccms to have cotnpofed two trf Ms po6ims in the time between the firftand the lecond of the two vovagcs of Madoc. One of" thele pieces mufl: be confidercd of groat importance and curiofitv : it is an invocation, as if he were undergoing tlic iicry ordeal, to exonerate himfelf fiom hav- ing any knov.'lcdgc of the fate of Madoc \ the fccond, being a panegyric upon /iV/o//;/, another brother, has a remarkable allufion to the fame event. It is thus tranllated : " Two princes, of ftrong palhons, broke off in wrath ; be- loTcd by the muUitiide of tlic earth. One on hind, in Arvju, allaying of arabition ; and another, a placid oiie, on the bo-* fom of the vail ocean, in great and ininiealurable trouble, prowling after a poflelfion eafy to be guarded, cflranged from iW for a country." ^ No. IV. Ohfcrvauons on the Madawciwvs, by IViliiam Given. Pul~ lijhcd in the Gentlonan's Magazhu., 17yi, Vol. i. p. 32L'. TMK ernigratitm and confoqucnt fettlemcnt of iMadawg ab Owain Owvncdd on the Amciicancontinent, v;!s an event which, considering the period when it is reported to have happened, it is no wonder Ihouid have been diieredited, not- withflanding the proc^fs of hiftorical documents, and the more explicit evidence of the fa£t, that the dclccndants of fuch t-migration do now exill: as a diftinft race, unmixed from the aboriginal natives. Indeed, one of the kevicws of laU month, unfortunately for its credit as a prophetic oracle, in paffing its judgment on Dr. W'illiams's inquiry refpeding Madawg's voyage, calls it a revival of the ainioll exploded fvibjeft : however, I have the latisfaftion of having received fuch proofs refpe(?\ing the lurious occurrence in the hillorv of antient Britons. :i.. will pmcuie it the full credit from the world it has licrctwfore received from myieif and many of mv friends. Within tlicfe hill two years i have received no lefs than three feveral accounts, pcrfc£lly agreeing with one another, proving the cxiftente of an extenh\e nation of white ]ieo})ie, fpeukhig the \\ elch language ; and we find them even no- ticed in our connuon maps, under the name of the White Padoueip:, the centre of tliembeijig about hit. 40, long, luo, rliwaj-h \\\L. curious circuuiflancc of a white people being placed -»itfc^ placed here hath not atliac^cd the public notice. Thofe tit^ counts aic now mull dccifivcly co: rftboratcd by tlie telliniony of Mr. Bowles, and the companions of his expedition to this» countiy. '1 hcMadawgwys, or the people of Madawg, are very well known to the Creeks, and tlie other Indians in general, and ;u'e called indifcriininately the Padoucas, and the White hiJ dians. Mr. liowJcs deicribrs them to be as nx'hite asivcate, \\ji\\ng foil. c nd,Jome Jundv, and Joi:,e black Iwir. 'J'hey arc very numerous, and one of the mod warlike nations on the Continent, lie travelled their ibuthern boundary from one end to the other. The tradt they inhabit is rather hig.'i nnd hilly; but one of the tnoj} f)u'itf:d and diiightj'ul coun- t)iii ht liud t'vcr Jftu. Vour'.^, ice. w ILLIAM o^VE^^ CONTTNJTATION h;ioM MR.OWKN. ((it-nthnutns Ma^az:nf, IT:.'!, ¥<;!. i. p. o97.^ 'rMl''a( counts whi: h were received prior to Mr. Bowles's conuuunieaUons lud not furniilied mc with the name by which the W elch Indi.ins weie known : but, on compvuing Lliem together, 1 was fully of opiiuon that the Padoucas wcic thule ]>eople ; efpecidly as that name was but a lliglit de- viation in found from Madawgwys, the real appellation which we may julUv iup])o1o thev give ihemrdvcs, 'riierctore it made a verv ri);\ible irvtorrHion on mv mind, when the rirlt tiling Mr. Bowles laid v,\:s, wb.at ih.'. y are called, tlic Padou- cas, in conlimialion of the idea i IkuI formed, prior tu any iu- (]uiry being made at all on the iubj'\'l. And ns to the muii important point, wlietlu r the luuguagc i"p<.kcn by tjioic people wris /fVA//, the proois I'.ddiicod wctf ■.■(ju.nlv (a .t;n.- torv and clear : there was, faid Mr. ii, a W ekhm.ni witli mc at lioine, who eic aped ironi the Spaniards in iNkxico, Iw making his wav acrois the Continent, pailing tlrruugh the rouiitrv of the P.;dut.icas ; where, to his lirear furpnfe, h« foinid hinilflfwith.1 people tpeakiiighisown language. Me re- m.'.incd among ilicm for foine tin-.c, -.nd hnnu! they I: -.t fou;f books, \vhii.h were wrapped uy in llins. and religiouilv pre- ferwd, and coiifidi.vcd to be fome kind of !n\tlciie;i. as Uiertt wasa tradiiioii thai tliok things coiitaijied^an aee a dctu'lied iribe of ilusi' people lliat was f iiind . , there, ;uid h ivi' pr.'ul to ...i. tliiTc arc pait of tlit'in reiiviiiriiff iiniJjr tlid iiiimc »f Kaiu'.z, lu 11 i..-; f.ili of tlit river Akatis.i inly Uie .Vlississipi. pIc . ( 13 ) pie muft live at a great diflance from thence due weft. This is the moft particular account I ever could get of thofe peo- ple as yet. I am Your Honour's Moft obedient humble Servant, (Signed) GEORGE CHROCHi\ N. N. B. Governor Dinwiddle agreed with three or four of the back traders to go in queft of the Welch Indians, and promifed to give them ,£500 for that purpofe ; bufhe was recalled before they could let out on that expedition. pU- No. VI. Further Accounts of the Welch Indians, publijlied in the Gen-- tleman's Magazine for 1792, Vol. ii. p. 597. MUCH has been faid for fome time paft with refpeft to the exiftencc of the above tribe of Indians, inhabiting a traft of country bordering on the MifTouri, in the province of Louifiana, or New France, in North America, who are fup- pofcd to be defcendants of a party of the Welch nation, who left Wales with Madoc, Prince of that country, in the year 1 170, which is a period of 322 years prior to the difcovcrv of America by Chriftoplier Columbus. It is a pleafing futisfac- tion to the contemplating mind of the curious, to alcertain a proofof intereftingcircumftances, which has hitherto refifted the invciUgation of ages. The Society of Gwincddigion, hold at the George, in George-yard, Lombard-ftreet, have Lad the matter in contemplation for a length of time ; and however defirous their inducement mightbe to bring the mat- ter to ■• '"vilis, nothing effectually h:isbecn hitherto done. In riccompulhing an undertaking where there is fome rill;, two objefts will naturally arile, which will require much delibe- ration: Theftrft, to adopt a wcU-digcfted fyftem ; 2dly, to find ways and means to carry that lyllem into cfFcft. It ap- pears to me highly worthy of being remarked, that, Ihould an attem[)t ever be made to invcftigate this interefting period of hiftory, with regard to the firft difcovcry of America by Eu- ropeans, the lending perl'ons prr)perly qualified to thofe tribes called the Welchor White Indians, would be attended with very little expcnec, and ftill IcCs danger. As evcrv information touching what I have before faid, I am well alfurcd, will bo plf-afing to the curious inquirer, I beg leave to give verbatim the copy of u letter 1 received from a C ijtntleman ( 1+ ) gentleman who has lived at New Orleans, and on the banks oi^ the Mifliflipi. upwards of twehty ycavs, and who is now in. London : . ^ ^ Dear Sir, ' " ' Cheapfick, January 28, 1791:;. 1 now return you the pamphlet, written by Dr. Williams, on the rubjcit ot the Padoucas, or Welch Indians. If .\h". loncsdid inlfiCiOfind atribeof Indians in the ncit>h- bourhood of Carohna, who Ipokc the ^Velch language, it Is very certain that for thcfc many years patl no vellige of it rcmainsamong the tribes inhabiting that country, or its ncigli- bourhood. On the other hand, it is well known that, within thefc fifty years paft, a numbcrof tribes have, fromwarand debauchery, become cxtinft, and that others (as encroached on by tlie white people) have removed weftward ; I myfelf having known within thefc twenty years fevcral fmall tribes of the ancient Indians to have removed to the weftcrn iide of the ?.iifrilTipi ; am«)ng thofe, and in the neighbourhood of the Spa- nilh fettlements, there yet remains the remnant of a once powerful nation, called the Mobilians, reduced at prefent to iibout twenty families. ^I'heir language, with refpedl to the dialcifls of the Creeks, Chatilaws, and Chickefaws (the moft powerful tribes now inhabiting the back of (jeorgia, llic Carolinas, and Virginia), would appear a mother tongue \ for they can undcrftand, andconvcrfe with all thofe tribes in their different dialects, but yet fpeak a language which no other tribes undcrfland. 'I'his has been frecjuently proved bv thofe French who have acquired the Mobilian language. That the natives of America have, for many years pail, emigrated from the caflward to the weftward, is a known fi(ff. That the tribes, mentioned by Mr. Jones, who fpokc the Welch tongue, may have done fo, is much within the order or" probability ; and that a people, called the Welch or White Indians, now rcfidc at or near the banks of the Miffouri, 1 have not the leaii- doubt of, having fo often been aiTured of it by people who have traded in that river, and wlio could have no pofTibic inducement to relate fuch a flory, unlefs it had been founded in faft. Since writing the above, a merchant from the ».;inois country, and a pciibn of reputation, is arrived in London, lie afliires me there is not tiie fmallell doubt of a people pxifting on the wellern fiaeof the Millifiipi, called by the [rcnch the White bearded Indians, none of the natives of America wciiriog beards , thiit tliefe people arc seally white ; tkat I It ( J5 ) that they arc faid to confift of thirty-two villages or towivs ; are exceedingly civilized, and vuflly attached to certain re- ligious ceremonies ; that u Mr. Cli., a merchant of reputar tion at the Illinois, has been to their country, which is, as he fuppofes, upwards of a thoufand miles from the Illinois. Having been prevented from calling on you as I intend- ed, 1 now return you the pamphlet, and will, at any time you pleafe, procure you a meeting with that gentleman. Yuur's, 6cc. J.J. I have the fatisfaftion to add, that I have met the nbovc gentleman fevcral times ; that he conlirms the lat- ter part of this narrative; that Mr. Ch. is a near relation ot his i that when Mr. Ch. was intro«Iuced to the Chief of the Padouca nation, he was received with much ioicmnitv, ow- ing to his being of white complcxiv^ii, and by which circum- Aance, as far as Mr. Ch. could underlliind by being amongil lliem, he was deemed an angel of (iod, his hands ii.nd feet being walhcd by order of the Chiettain, who appealed much atlvanced in years, his hair being lon^ and perfectly white ; that the ])eopU; chiefly fubfiil by the prodiRc of the cha( e ; that the inilriiments they nfe on the occaiion are generallv bows and arrows; that tlie further he advar.ced from the frontiers, the different tribes lie palfed through were the more civilized; that he fuppolcd the realon to l)e (which 1 am afraid is the cale) owing to the continual encroachment made on their land by the white peo^ 'e in thiMe parts con- ti^^uousto them. 'J he late trani'atStions on tlie back frontieis < f the I'nitcd States of America, it is probable, are owing to the lame cir- ( umdanie. U may be necefiarv to remark, that the dil'^ancc; from the mouth of the Miniiripi to the entr.mce of the .Mil- fouri into it, is about I'JOO miles; that the navigation of die- Miilifiipi ujiw.irds is fedious and difncult, ovving to the cur- rent coi\iinually running the iame way, by which means tho velfels employed on the occafion feldom make that diilancc in lefs lliau tliive months; a light boat, v>.-ell- manned, how ever, might go from New Orleans to the Milfouiis in fix weeks, and from Kentucky on the Ohio in Iris tlum three weeks, whereas, on their return, the fame diilance is made in a few days ; that '.he country burdtriiig on thojc rivers is extremciv fcriile ; that in very feveie winteis they ate fubjctlt to froil, which is generally of lliert ciiiiat^yn • ih.it C2 t«U; ' ■ ( !<» ) every article for the ufe of man grows almofl fpontaneoufly ; that large numbers of buffaloes are taken ; the hides and tal- Jow of thole animals, as well as deer-ikins, beaver, 6cc. arc carried down the Mifliffipi to New Orleans, from whence they are exported to different parts of-l'iurope ; that all forts of timber and naval llores are to be had in abundance ; that during the late war, had the Minifters or the public fervants of the Crown of the country, had its real intereft at heart, they would, in preference of the bufinefs of St. Kuftatia, have taken pofleflion of New Orleans, the key of the MifTiffipi, and by that means have opened the navigation of that river, which, in the hands of the mercantile genius of the Britifh nation, would be opening a mine of wealth which would have filled the channels of commerce of this country. It would alfo have tended to another grand objeft — it would have af- forded an afvlum to the American Loyalifts (with whom I have ever differed in political opinion), were they inclined really to relieve them, inftead of fending them to the ba'rren rocks of Nova Scotia, where they find it difficult to raifc a common fized cabbage, where it is deemed a wonder to fee a field of twelve acres abound with grafs fix inches long. In this it will be a pleafure to me to be controverted. GRIFFITH AVILLIAMS. No. VII. ^ Letter from Mr. Edward JVil/iaws. GentlemarC s Magazinf, 1791, Vol. ii. p. 6-l;3. ABOUT twenty years ago I became acquainted with a Mr. Dinon, of Covty, in the county of Glamorgan. He had " been about thirty years abfent from his native country, and during a great part of that time an Indian trader from. Phila- delphia. Being once with fomc friends in his company, and the iV elch langu^igc being the fubjeft of convcriation, he told us that there was in North yXmerica a tribe of Welch Indians, who fpokc the Welch language with much greater purity than we fpeak it in Wales. Indulgingmy natural inquifi- tivctiirnof mind, Idcfiiedhimtofavour me with an accountof wlialhckncvv of tholc people, upon which hegave me the fol- lowing information, vi%. that about Uie year 1750, being oi->e of u party of live or fix traders, thev penetrated much farther than uluii into tlic rcmo'e parts of the continent, far beyond the MillJliipi, where, to tlicir great I'urprile, they found a na- tion ( n ) . -*• tion of Indians, who fpokc the IFeul'i tongue ; they gave Mr. Binon a very kind recc[)tion, but were very Jufplcious of h'is Engl'ijh companionsy and took, them for Spaniards or Frenchmen, with whom theyfeemcd to be at w«r ; but Mr. Binon foon removed their doubts, on which a friendly in- tcrcoLirfc enfiied. 'Ihofe Indians had iron amongft them, hved in ftonc-built villages, and were better cloathed than other tribes. 'I'herc were fome ruinous buildings amongft them : one appeared like an old W elch caflle ; another Jike a ruined church, bcc. ihey flicwtd Mr. Binon a MS. book, which they carefully kept, believing that it contain- ed the myftcrics of religion, and laid, that it was not long fmcc a man had been among them who underllood it. This man (whom they eftccnicd a prophet) told them, they faid, that a people would fome time vii'it tlicm, and explain to them the myl\crics contained in tlicir book, which would make them completely happy. 'J hey very anxiouily alked Mr. Hinun if he underftood it ; and, hcir.g anlWcicd in ihe jicgative, appeared very lad, and carncilly clefired him to fend one to them who could explain it. At'tcr he and his fellow Knglilh travellers had been for fome time amongft them, they departed, and were conduced by tholi; friendly Indians for man^ days through vq/i dejcrts, and were pku- tifully fupplied by them with a profujioncf provijion, which the woods afforded ; and after they had been brought to a place they well knew, they parted with their numerous In- dian guides, ivhc wept bitterly on th.eir taking leave of thcirij and very urgcnih intreaicd Mr. Binun to tend a perfon to them who could interpret their bonk. On his arrival at Phi- ladelphia, and relating the llorv, he found that the inhabit- ants of tlic 'Welch tra^t had feme knowledge of thefc Indians, juid that fome Wcichmen lu:d before been amongft them. REMARKS ON THK I ORKG6iKG. Captain Cook found plenty of iron at Noolka Sound, that did not appear to be of I'.uropean, Spanilh, American, or Afiatic manufafture. The I'adoucas arc in about 1 10 degrees weft longitude, according to moft maps ; Nootka Sound is IL'5 weft, accord- ing to Cuptain Meares ; by whole difcovcrics, it appears that thofe two Indian nations have an cafy communication with each other by the ftraits of Juan dc luca and the river Orcgan, which apj)cars to have been difcovcrcd as tar as ten degrees, at leaft, eaft of Nootka. In Coxe's Defcription of I.ouifiana, &:c. 1722, it is faid, pa^c Mi (fee ahu p. It)), that the I3an>n La Hontan having traced ( IS ) traced the MifTiuiii for eight hundred miles due wcrt:, found a vail lake, on which inhahitcd two or three great nations, much raorc civilized than other Indians ; and favs, that out of this lake a gr^'al river difcmbogues itfelf into the South Sea. — '2ucr\- — Docs not tliis river fccm to be the Oregan of Captain \Uarcs ? Charlevoix, vol. ii. p. l;2.t of the K.nglilh tranflation, mentions a great lake very far to the weft of the Milhfhpi, »n the banks ofwhic/i are a people rtjimhlhig ilic I'Venc/i, u-it/i kuttans on their clo.iths, living in cities, and n//>:^ horfcs in hinting the buffalo : that they are cloathcd -u.-ith the fkins of that animal ; but vjithov.t any arms but the bovj and arrovj. BolTu, in his account of f.ouiliana, vol. i. page 182, fays that he had been informed by the Indians of a nation of cloathcd people, far to the wclhvavd of the Miililhpi, who inhabited great villages bud' ivitli zvhite Jiones, navigated in great piragnas on the great [alt Zfati r lakes, and were govei ned iy one grand defpotie cJtiej, iv/io foit great armies into the field. It deferves attention that the Maftotatas of Charlevoix, and the Matocantes of Coxo leein to retain fomcthing of Madoc in their qames. Boflii, page 30:5, obfervcs that " Powel, an Knglifli wri- (rr, mcuuons, in his Hiftory of Wales, that, in the year i 170, there was a w'ar in that country for the luccellion to the throne. A baftard took the crown from the legitimate children : one of the latter, whofc; name was Mad k, em- barked in ordt r to make new diiroverics. Divc*5ting his courfe to the weftward, he came to a country, the fertility and beautv of which was amazing. As this country was without inhabitants, Madar. fettled in it. llalluii aflints us that he made two or three voyages to Kngland to fetch inhabitants ; who, upon the account he gave of that fine rounti-y, went to lettle witli him. The l''nghlh believe that this Prince difcovered I'i^gniia. Peter, Martyr icems to give a proof of it, when he lays that the nations of I'irginia and thole of Guatimala celebrate the memory of one of thcFr ancient heri)es, whom they call Madoc. Several modern ttMvellcrs have teund ancient Britifh words ufcd bv the North American nations. 'J he celebrated Bifliop Nirholfon btlievcs that the Welch language has formed a conliderablc part of the languages of the American nations. 'J'hcrearc antiquarians who pretend th;'t the Spaniards got tl'iCir double or guttural / fll) from the Americans, who, according to the Englifh, mull luivc gut it tloni the Welch." ( li> ) No. VIII. Jn Outiitie of the Uijlory of the Madaw^mys, by Mr. IV. Oivcn. Gentleman's Ma^aziuf. 1191. Vol. i. p. 3'J9.'- IN the yczx 1170, Mudawg, a younger ion of Owen (JwvnecUl, piincc of Noit.li AValcs, oblciving a continual itrife icign among his bixlhrcn for a fcanty inheritance of barren rocks, determined to try his fortune in fcarch of a moie peaceful country. He accordingly fitted out two lliips, iind failed weihvard, and diicovered the fouthcru Ihores of North America, as the event has proved. Leav- ing part of his followeis there, he was enabled providen- tially to return to Kurope ; and, on reprefenting to his countrymen what had hunpened, lb many of them were induced to Iharc in his cntcrpri/.e, that, in his fecond emi- gration, he failed nearly in the fame direction, with lea Ihips, completely filled, but without beiiig lb furtunate as to fall in with them he had left behind in his firfl voyage. 'I'hcrc arc good grounds to alTert that Madawg, in this fe- cond voyage, fell in with the coall of the Carolinas ; for^ the firll: difcovcry of the defcendants of that emigration was made by the Rev. Mr. Morgan Jones, in 1685, who found them, or at leaft a part of them, up Fontigo river. \n coniequence of the iluropean colonics fprcading over that country, or for fome other caufes, they removed up the coun- try to Kentucky, where evident traces of them have been late- ly found; fuch as the ruins of forts, miilllones, earthen w;!re, 2tc. It is prcfumed that, as their fituation was fecluded, and not liable to be molcflcd, they left it only inconfcqutMicc of diicovcring a more inviting country ; and none could be jnore fo than where they finally li ttlcd. The centre of the lountry of t!ie Madawgwys, and v.here their villages arc moil numerous, is about ?,6 degrees north latitude, and 102 «iegrees well longitude of London ; but they extend (pol-- ilhlv in detached connnunitics) from about 31 degrees north latitude, and .0" degrees well longitude, to 43 degrees uorih jatitude, and 110 degrees well: longitude. 'I'lic general name of Cvmry is not loft among them, thougli they cali llicmfelves Madavvgwys, ALidogiaid, Madagiaint, and Ma- dogian ; names of the lame import, meaning the people (.f MadaWG:. Mence the French travellers in Louifiana Iv.v.k: > whi.h >,o. I 20 ) which they arc known to the native Indians. — From the countrv of the Madawgwys fome of the rivers run eaftward, and oUu'is to the weft : by the former they come into the MiHouvi, :inj fo inio the MifTiffipi, bringing with them ikins, Eickled l)L»ftalo-tongn(-s, and other articles for traffic ; and V the Litter they liavf a cv):T;niunication with the Pacific ocean, from a grtat filt water lake in their country, down tl)e Orcgan, or the great river cf the weft, through the ^ftrailsof fuuii de luca, and other openings. The charafter of thcll' iniuhited Cambrians, who are a numerous people, is that they arc very warlike ; are more civilized than the Indians ; live m large villages in houfes built of flone ; arc commodiouily clad ; ufc horfcs in hunting. They have iron, of which they make tools, but have no fire-arms ; and they navigate tlie lake in large piragnas. 'I heir government is on the feudal fyilem, and their princes are conlidered as the di- rect defiendanis of Madawg. No. IX. ji Letter concerning t/:e IVclcJi Indlaus by the Hev. JoJJium Thninas^ of l.comhiJ}''r, "xitii addillonal Remarks by Mr. Lcominftcr, .// Reynold ( 22 ) Kcvnold Ilowells to Mr. Miles, dated Philadelphia, 17.^2: '^J Ik; Welch Indians arc found out ; they arc Tuiiatcd on the weft fide of the great river MifTiliipi." Mr. Owen and Mr. \V'illiams had an opportunity hitely of eoniulting Mr. William Priehard, bookleller and printer, of Philci'lelpliia, who is now, or lately was in London, about the Wek h Indians. He told them that he had often heard of them, and that they were, in Pennlylvania, univer- I'ally believed to be very far vvellward of the Miililhpi, and that he had often heard of people that had been anionglt them ; but the moft particular account that he had receiv- ed was what he heard within thcfe very i'cw years of ])r. Samuel Jones (who is mentioned in Mr. Jofliua Tliomas's letter). He knows now, he fays, fevcral in Pennlvlvania who have been aojongll t.hofe Indians ; and is very aflivc at prefent in that country in endeavouring to obtain all the in- formation pofhble on this curious fubjeft ; and fays that, if he Ihould be but very little alTillcd, he would iuunediately vifit thefe Welch tribes. No. X. Jnj'crmatlon re [pelting the Welch hid'wnsy obtained by /a'» Ameyiecni MiJJiojiariei, in the lent lltiC. IN the year 1766, the Rev. Meflis. Ikatty and Duffield were fent, by the Synod of New York and I'hiladclphia, (o vifit the inhabitants on the frontiers of Pennfylvania, and the Indians fituatcd beyond ihcm *. Their errand to the for- mer was, to inquire what aliiftance llicy needed with rel"pc(i\ to their religious concerns, in confequenees of the diftrcllcs occafioned by the late war ; and by viliting the latter, to ex- ;imine whether they difcovered any favourable difpofition to receive ihe miniftry of the Golpel. In the courfe of their journey they met with a Benjamin tStitton, a pcrlon who had betn taken captive by the Indians, liad been in different nations, and lived many years among them. From him they had the following relation : " When he was with the Chaftaw Nation, or tribe of Indians, at the Miffiiripi river, he went to an Indian town, * About joo miiej v.cst of Philadclpliid. •I A vciy ( 23 ) a very confidcrablc diftancc from Kcw Orleans, whole in- habitants were of different complexions, not fo tawny as thole of the other Indians, and who fpoi«;e Welch. He faid he law a book among them, which he fuppofed was a Welch Bible, wh.ich thev careful Iv kept wrapped up in a Ikin, but that they could not read it ; and that he heard fome of thoic Indians afterwards, in the Lower Shavvanaugli town, fpeak AV'elch with one Lewis, a Welchman, captive there. This "Welch tribe now live on the welt-fide of the Milfillipi river, a great way above New-Orleans." On the lame journey thev alio met with a I.ev'i Hicks, wlio had been captive with the Indians from his youth, and w!io allured thcMii, that, when attending an embalfv, he liad been in a t(nvn of Indians on the weft-lidc of the Milfilhpi river, the inhabitants of wnich talked Welch (as he was told, for he did not underftand them) ; and their interpreter, Jofcpli, law lome Indians, whom he lUppoled to be of thii fame tribe, who talked Welch, and repeated fome of their words, which he knew tu 1."^ Welch, as lie had been ac- quainted with fome \Velch people. " Correfpondent hereto (adds Mr. Beatty), I have been informed, that, many years ago, a cler(j,yman went from Ihitain to Virginia, and having lived fome time there, went; from thence to Soutli-Carolina ; but, cither becaufcthe cli- mate did not agree vvil!) him, or for fome other realon, re- lolved to retur,i to Virgtuia, and accordingly fet out by land, iiccompanied with fome other pcrfons ; but travelling through the back parts of the country, which was then very thinly inliabited, fuppoling verv probably this was the neareft wav, Ik; fell in with a partv ot' Indian warriors, going to attaelc the inhabitants of Virginia, againlt wliom they had declared »var. " The Indians, upgn examining the clergyman, and find- ing tliat lie was going to Virginia, looked upon him and his rompanions as belonging to Virginia, and therefore took them all prifoners, and lei them know tliey mull die. The ell rgyman, in preparation for another world, went to prayer, and. being" a Welchman, praved in the Welch language ; poHiblv becaufe this language was mofl familiar to him, or to pi'event the Indians underllanding him. One or more of the party of the Indians was lurprilcd to hear him piav in their language. Upon this they Ijioke to him, and linding that he could underftand their Ipeech. they got the lentence of death reverlcd : and thus tliis happy (.iicuuilhin<,e was the means gf I'uvine his life. J:) 2 ■ " They ( 24 ) " They took lilin h;u:k witli them into ihcir country, where he found ;i tribe whofe native hmguage was Weieh, though tlie diiilecl was a Ultle dili'ovent from his own, which lie loon came to undcribuul. TIr-v lliewed h.im a book, which he found to be the Diblc, but which tliey could not read ; and, if 1 laiilake not, his ability to read it tendfd to raife their rec^ard for Iiiin. " Me ilayed fonie lime among them, and endeavoured to inftruft them in the Chriftian reh'gion. lie at length pro- pofed to go b:a:k to his own countrv, and return to (hem with fome other teachers, who would be able to infuuft them in their own language ; to wiiich propofal they conlent- ing, he actovdinglv let out from thence, and arrived in Bri- tain with full intention to ictuvn to them with fome of his countrymen, in order to te;ich thefe Indians Cluillianity. But I was ac(]u;tinti;a that, not long after his arrival, he was taken lick and died, which put an end to his fchemes." SitttoH farther laid, that he oblerved iome culloms among the Dcliiwarc Indians relembling thofe of the Jews; and that from fome of their aged men he had the following tradition : — That of old time their people were divided by a river, nine p:irts of ten palling over the .ivcr, and one part tarrying behind ; that thev knew not, certainly, how they firft came to thiii continent, but account tl\us for Ihei'- fettling where they now are : that a k'ng of their nation, when they formerly lived far to the weft, left his kingdom to his two Ions ; that the one making war upon the other, the latter determined to fee k anew habitation, and accordingly let out with a number of his })eople ; and that, after wandering to and fro, for the Ipace of forty years, they came to Delaware Mver, where the/ fettled Lilo years ago ; that they kept an account of tliis by putting a bhick bead, every year iince, on a piece of wampum kept for th;u purpoie *. [Taken • Dr. CoKim Af.i.'i.T, \nh\i Mdffmlla CbrLii .Imrr'nar.-i, p. 3, q'lotc"! an author, whom he docs not nami', who says, " It ut may cndit any re;-or(ls bfsidfs the Holy .Scripture, I know it iriii>,hl bo said and provt"! well, that this new world was known, ami u/irtly inliahncd bv Bnl.uns, or by iitrDnt, from l-.n;^:am{, three or four huriilr-'d years b^jfoie the Spjn^arJs ^-owmi^ ihiilir ;" wiiieh ascition, tlie Doi'tor adds, ia dcinon>trated from ll,(? disciursfs oetw.eii the MrMuant and the i'ptniiirJt al their lirst arrival, a:id ihr Popish rfli(|U,s, a^ well as JJrili^^ words and trrii'.s, which the Sttaniiinls tl vn found amouR ih'" Mttlcnns ; as well as from undoubcd paasagcs, not only in other authors, but in tlie Brihtb annals alsM. Dr. Mather, after cbservinp that mankind geiu-ially agr-'c to give ilic honour of discovorinpr America to Columbus, addx, «♦ , vnd yet the siory ol Coiumbut liiui- uil inuti be corie(:i£d truni ttiw iutvrmvdvii of U* k F'S'^t that one Smi-hx, a A J )untrv, Vekh, which book, ild not ided to ( 25 ) [Taken fiom a pamphlet, entitled " The Journal of a Two Months' "^four, with a View of promoting ReHgion, &c. &c." By Charles Beattv, A. M. London. 1768.] CONCLUSION. THE reader has now 'v^forc him all the information I have been able to collcft on this curious and difputcd fubjcft; upon which 1 beg leave to offer a few remarks. It is diffi- cult to fuppofe that hiftorians and poets Ihould have combined to impofe on the world by a fabricated fiory of Madoc's emigration. It is admitted that tlie art of naviga- tion was very imperfeflly undcrftood in the twelfth century ; yet furely it is polfible that the voyages here related, might be performed '. The idea of a wellcrn hcmifphere might liavc n.ilivr of flt'tii, in Sf),mt, did boforc liim find out these reginns. He tells us, that £iinchz, usinp to trade in a small vossel to tin' Cmaries, was driven by a furiou« and tedioub tempest over unto these western rounirii^ ; and at his return lie gave to Calen, or Coivmhus, an account of what lie had seen, but soon after died ol a disease he had got on Ins dangerous voyai^e." He further add.s, "Indeed the twa ( tb.Hr, father and soti, under the coiiniiission of our King Uer.ry VH. entering upon iheir ))Cllerou^ undertakings in the year 1497, made further discoverie* ol Aineriea ttian either tV/wmiur or /'irf/iHrtuj. Yea, since the ('aii;/x tnjde a Jii- rovery of tliis CoNTlNi VT m 1497, and it was l4yS before Co/umAw discov. retl any part of the ("ontiiient, I know not why the ftpan'uri should go uniivalied in the claim of this tiew work!." • Since the above went to the press, the following communicaiion has been received from a fiiend. " It is much more iniprnbable, that'therc should be no foiiiidaliosi for all the reports that have been made of Mad.'c's voyijjes, and tiie existence of Welcti Indians in North America, than that an expedition should have been uiiderta- Ken ill Ilie 12th centurv, siinilarto those which were lepeatedlv pcrloriiud in 'ht? 15th. 'I'he niariner's compass was probiM) known at the furuiir period ; fur it ih described by a French poet, who wrotv ciriy in tue 1 jili century : but the applicalicin of astr( nomy, which had been customary Iron) leniole antiquity, mi^ht have sulliccd for a voyage to America witii persons who had cour.i);? enouj;h Ibi the enterprise. Brhaiti was at that time celebrated for its marine; and, indeed, bad b en so 600 years before. In the lleet which Kichard I. equipped, in the yiar 1190, wire more than 160 thiee-masted ships. Hcnctf the expressions of Matthew, of sS'cstminsii r, who wrote in the 1 4tli contiir., need not be considered as very hyperbidical : " O l'.n|j|and ! lliou wast lately n|ual to the ancient Cl'.aldcjns in power, piosperitv, and filory. Tlie ships of 'I .irshisli could not be compared uitli thy ships, which brought thee spiies, .Mid every precious lhiii(f» from the four corners ol the world." There were many ten-ports tdvbritted furcumnieive, and none more «9 than Unstolj at the p«riugst several Welch words ih it are said to be Ui^ed by Amerioin Indians, is the name given to a well-known sca-f'ow', the Penguin, l^hich, in the Britisli lansjuage, signifies u-hiit l;e,id. To oppose this argu'iient, it has been confidently asserted that the Penguin is not an iidiabitaiit of the northern hemisphere ; although it is, in fact, the most coitinon bird upon the coasts of North America. There is more scirihlance of force in the objection, that the Peii^^uin's head is not white, but bla.-k. Yet as the rest of the bird, when it swims, appears of the latter colour, and it has a white patch about th« «ye, it might be so called on that account : and this derivation is at least mor« kkeljr than that whivh is substituted by the obje^tur),'' ~ opinion ( 27 ) opiiiion of the late celebrated Dr. Johnfon, *' to oinit for a year, or for a day, the moft clFu-acious methods of ad- vancing Chriftianity is a crime of the greateft magnitude ■■■.'* J'lic recent formation of fcveral focieties in England, Scot- land, and America, for the purpole of fending Millionarics among llic Heathen, mufl afford finccre pleaiure to tlie gc- jiuinc dilciplcs of Chrill ; and I cannot hut think that the W'clcli Indians have the ftrongefl: claim imaoinable to the regard of thofe Societies, i indulge a hope, that the exill- cnce of ilich u people will be ellablilhed bcyor.d a doubl, an»l that fome effectual means will be devifed to fend Welch pieachers among them. I have been credibly informed, that, in the year 17n;5, a Mr. John Evans, a native of Wales, who had relided lomc years in London, was {Irongiv inclined to recognize his IJritilh brethren on the Milfouri ; and aec(jrdingly went to America. 1 know it to be a fact, that, ha\ing obtained proper letters of recommendation, he left the houfe of J)r. Jones, near Philadelphia, early in the Ipriiig of that year, and let out upon his long journey, through Kentucky, to the Milliflipi. Eor a long fcalon nothing was lieard of him, and his friends began to fear that he had periOied. But I have a letter fnnu the Rev. Mr. 1) , of Somerfetlliire, who received information from his fon in America, that Mr. Jvvans had returned in I'afety, having fully accomplifhed the ob)e£t of his iournev. 'I he following is an extract : " He ftates, that a young Welchman is returned from a long journey which he had undertaken, with a view to dif- covcr whether luch a people exillcd as the Welch Indiajis. lie faith, this perfon has dilcovered fuch a tribe, inhabiting the country wert of tlie mouth of the Milfouri about 700 miles ; that they treated hiu^ with friendlhip and holpitality, ami adopted him as their ion. Their language is the old IJriiilh, and he particularly noticed the conunon words io be the fame as are now in ufe in Wales to defcribe the fame ohjccls ; i'uch as houfes, light, windows, water, bread, &c. ^('. The hirtory thefe Indians give of thcmfelvcs is this: 'I'liat their anceilors came from a far countrv. and landed at ihe mouth of the MiffilTipi from thirteen lliips, about the year ut'C'hriil 1018 ; there tliey built a town ; but lincc that jeriod, their delccndants have been falling back to their j.ieleut refidence.'' * ,9ee a Lrtter on (his tubi«(.^ hi Bgswcll's Life ufDr. Johnson, vol, i. p. 2S6. It I ( 28 ) It is more than a year flncc I received this intelligence. I have made the moft diligent inquiries concerning Mr. Evans, but have received no further information ; but hope Ifoondiall, in anfwer to Icveral letters fent to America. Should no certain information be received of, or by, Mr. Evans, I trull that the very ftrong probability of the cxift- cnce of fuch a people, as evinced bv the preceding papers, will induce the Miflionary Society, or fomc other body ot Chriitians in England, or America, to lend a fufficient num- ber of perfons, properly informed and provided, fully to in- vcftigate a matter lb replete with curiolity and importance. POSTSCRirX. ( 29 ) POS T S C R I PT, SINCE the foregoing pages were font to the prcfs, I have procured Dr. Williams's p- -iphlct, entilicd, An In- quiry into the Truth of the Traut^ian, concerning the Difco- •uery of America, by Prince Aladog ab Owen Givynedd, and which I had long fouf;!it for in vain, not knowing its proper title. To this trad, and another he has fuioe publifhed '', I gladly refer the reader who wilhcs fur further information concerning the Welch Indians. 'I'he Dodtor appears to be a pcrfeft mafter of the fubjeft, and has beftovvcd much learned labour upon it. Moll of the circuniftani,:cs here re- lated are contained in his pamphlets ; the ancient hiitovians and bards, who fufl; recorded the exploits of iMadog, are cited, and their charaders defended. The author alio largely aniwers the objedions of Dr. Kobertlon, Lord Lvt- tleton, and others, againft their authority. Iroiii thefe pub- lications I fhall take the liberty of making the foliovvini-, extracts, tending to enlarge and confirm the teilimoniei. al'- ready adduced. No. XI. The Firfi Difcovcry of the Welch Indians, by the Rev. Morgan Jona, in the rear loGO. '• TMF.vSK prefents may certify all perfons whatever, tliat in the year KitiO, being an inhabitant of \'irg;nia, and C:hapUiin to_ Major General Hrnnet, of Maafonian Countv, the laid Major Hcnnct and Sir AViiliam Be'keiev lent iwo Ihips to Port Royal, now called South Carolina, which is (ixty leagues to the louthward of Ca[.etair, and I was fent Entit'cl, Farther C^jerrMicnsm the Discoiiry if ..'mfriciiby tie I'.uri'b an.r. 1792. SoM bv VViiite and boiis flca-tucct , and J. Joliiistn, fct. i'aiil'a Cliur, ii- yard, l.omlon. K therewith ? ( 50 ) therewith to he their miniftcr. Upon the 8th of April \vc fet out from Virginia, and arrived at the harbour s ra ;U'h of Port Royal the IDlh of the fame month, v. here we waited for the refl of the fleet that was to fail from i'aib^oocs and Bermuda, with one Mr. VVeit, v/ho was to 1a Deputy Go- vernor of the fald place. As foon .is the f.c^ei, i.am.c m, tho fmalleft \ elfeis that were with us lailed \!p the river to u place called the Oyfter Point. There I conti'.uied about eight months, ail which time being ahnoll: llarved for want of provifions ; I and iivc more travelled through the wildcrncfs till we came to the Tufeorara coi.ntrv. There the Tiifco- rara Indians took us prifoncrs, bccauie we told tlicm that we were bound to Roanock. That niglit the/ carried us to their town, and fhut us up clofc. to our no Imall dread. The next ckivthey entered inlo a conlultation abou*^ us, which, after it v.-p.s over, their interpreter told us that we muft pre- pare ourii-lves to die the next morning. Thereupon being very much dejefled, and fpeaking to thiseffccl: in ilie Bn\M(h tongue, " Have I elcaped fo many dangers, and mult 1 now be knocked on the he.id like a dog !" than prcft'iitly an In- dian came to me, which afterwards appeared to be a war captain belonging to the Sachem of the Doegs (whofe ori- ginal, I find, muif- needs be from the old Britons), and took me up by tlie middle, and told me, in the Rriiifli tongue, " I Ihouid not die ;" and thereupon went to the Kmperor of 'J'ufeorara, and agreed for my ranfom and the men that were witii me. 'I hey then welcomed us to their town, and enter- tained us vevv civilly and coidialiy lour months ; during winch time 1 had tlie opportunity of convcrhng with them f.mii- liarly in the Eritilti language, and did preach (o them three times a-wcek in the fame language ; and they would ( onfer with me about any thing that was dillieult therein: and, at our departure, they abiindantlv Aipplied us with whatever was neceffary to our hipport and well-doing. 'J hey are fei- ded upon Pontigo * river, not far from Cape Atros. This is a brief recital of my travels among the Doeg Indians. " MORGAN JONES, " Son of John Jones, of Bafaleg, near Newport, in the county of Mon- pioiith. * I'cntign mw bodfiivpd from llie Wolrli P, n/ 5 jfc, Tlie Smith's Bridff-; or Pani y qo, The biuitli's V alley. Dotg Indians isf robably a corriiptioiiof il/auV^'f Iniam,' «f I am ( 31 ) <* I am ready to conduft any Welchman, or others to the countrv. " New York, March 10, 16S5-6*." It can fcarcely be doubted that Mr. Jones was the clergy- man of whom Mr. Ikatty liad heard Ibme unperfedt account, and which vvc have related page 23. No. xir. The TeJl'nnoyi;j of Captain Tfaac Steuiart. CAPTAIN STEWART gave the following account,' March r(H2, and which was publliln^d in the Public Adver- tiler, Odl. S, 1785. He was taken prifoner in the year n<' i, by the Indians, about 50 miles well: of Fort i*itt, and fortunately delivered from the cruelties luffered by his com- panions. Picing redeemed from his Captivi*--, which conti- nued two years, he accompanied a VV'ciJiraan atid a Spa- niard to the welhvard, crolfing ihe Millilhpi near Rouge, or Red River, up " hich they travelled 700 miles, when Jiey found a nalioi , i' Indians remarkably while, 'f'he \V'elch- man was dcL, imined to remain with thcni, becaufe he un- dcrftood their language, which differed but little from his own. The chief men of the town laid, taat their ancollors came from a foreign country, and landed on the eaft lide of the MilhlTipi, dclcribing particuhuiy the countrv now called Florida ; and that, on the Spaniards tnking poiiellion of Mexico, they tied to their then abode. And as a proof of the truth of what they advanced, he (the Welch.man) brought forth rolls of parchment, which were carefuUv tied up in otters' ikins, on which were large chara6^ers *vritten with blue ink. Captain Stewart could not underlland theib charaftcrs, nor could the \Velchman, as he could not read «' I am * This letter was sent, or given, to Dr. Lloyd, of Teunsylvniiia, hy whnin it vas ininsniitteil to CMvirk's Llwyil, Esi]. of Dul y f'r.iu, in M.jr i^omery.l'ire ; and afterwards to Dr. Pioit, of tlic Ashmoleai; Museum in (ixvid ; and in- serted ill tlif Cjentlcman's Mag.n^ino, 1740, by tlic Ktv. 'f liiophilita Evans, wiio observes, that several British words used by the Mexicans, when their country was discovered by the Spaniards, tend to confirm the Iniih of Madoir's voyajre : for instance, Fingvyn, While-head, the name n'H i nly ef a hire, but of a higli and bare rock; (.iroeio, Welcunic ; Gxvtihihi.r, While or hnipid v.a'pf; ff,jra, 15 re id; To,!, Futlur; Mam, Mother; B:iJj, a Cow; Cig-Jar, a Partridge, &c. &c. E 2 even ( 32 ) tycn his own language *. The people appeared to be bold , hardy, and intrepid, very warlike, and the women beautiful when compared with other Indians. . • No. XIII. *'' TeJl'tDionies of various Traders^ isfc. MR. RICHARD BURNELL, a gentleman who went to America in Ho:}, and has (incc returned, informed Mr. Williams, that during his refidencc at Philadelphia, he be- came acquainted with many ancient Britons, who aflured him that the \Velch Indians were well known to many in that city ; and that a Mr. Willin, who obtained the grant of a large traft on the MilTilTipi, took with him, among nii-ny other fctdcrs, two Welchmen, who perfeftly underllood the language of the Indians, and convcrfed with them for hours together, 'riiefe Welchmen aflured Mr. Willin that the Indians fpokc W^elch ; that fome of them were fettled in thofe parts (in the diftrifl: of the Natches), others on the the wcft-fidc of the Miffilfipi, and fome in very remote parts. Mr. "WlLi.TAMs had an interview with Sir John Cald- well, Barr. who, dining the laft war, was Rationed on the eaft-lide of the Mifiilhpi, who laid there were fome Welch- men in his cumpany, who undcrftood the language of the Indians (the Panis, or Pawnees), which was >Velch ; and that they are a people conliderahly civilized, living in hcufes, cultivating the ground, and brought up in habits of induflry, which other Indians are llrangers to. Mr. Rimingtok, an Knglifhman, who had been among t!ic Indians, informed Mr. Williams, that being at an Indian mart at tlie forks of the Ohio, fome llrange Iniiians came there from the wcfl of the MiiiiiTipi, who were not underftood by the Shawanefc Indians ; but one Jack Hughes, a Welch- • It is pos?iI)!c 'hat the .MSS. FJiblc (if such it was) might be written in Crtt': chara<'"fC'r.-, abbelny thou;,'ht more sacred, whicli accounts for theC.iptain iiij: bung able to leac! tlieiii ; but the Clerg_vman, befori; alluded to, ii said to li;!>'e ttcunmicudcd liiuiicif to the Indians byrcadiiig them, which is very pro- man, b, ( 33 ) man, who was with Mr. Rimington, underftood them well, and was tlieir interpreter while they llaid. He immedi- ately recognized them as the Welch Indians. Mr. Gir.soN, a trader, told Mr. Kennedy, a gentleman now in London, that he had been among Indians who fpoke W'cicli ; and that he had eonverfed, at different times, with very many others, who afTured liim that tliere is I'ueh a peo- ple. 'I'he cultivation of their e(juntry, and the eiviiization of the people, is a niatter of aftoniihment to the traders in general. Dr. Wii.mams alfo relates the particulars of a convcr- fation between Mr. Owen and General Bowles, a Cherokee Chief, who was in London a few years ago. The General liad travelled all along the ioulhcrn boundary of thecountnr inhabited by the Welch Indians, and abundantly confirmed tlie accounts we have already given of tlurn. This is the convcrfation referred to in pages 8 and 9 of this ])amphlet. I Ihall only add, from Dr. Williams's intcrctling publica- tions, fome oblcrvations he makes, in anivver to ih.c fup- pofed impratSVicability of Madoe's voyage at lo early a pe- riod as the year I nu. Ileobfervcs, that the maritime force of the Britons was very coniidrrabic in the days of jul'us (Ja:far, and that tlic realbn (jf his invading this ifland was, bccaufe the Britoiia alliflcd tlie Gauls by land and lea ; that their naval powv.r iiiiifl have been very relpedable, when " Vincula dare Oecano," and " Briiannos fubjugarc," were convertible terms. Me alfo obft rves, it is admitted that " the Phoeni- cians and others i'ailcd to Britain, and other countries, for tin «nd lead, and to the Baltic fea for amber ; voyages which feem as dithcult as that of Madog's, and a longer na- vigation. It was hardly poffiblc for the Britons not to learn how to navigate fliips, when they faw it was done by others *."■ Me admits that, probably, chance firft threw Prince Madog on the American eo.iO: ; and fuppofes, that on his return to AV'alcs (for he made two voyages) he might fall into the current; which, it is laid, runs from the Weft India Iflands northward to Cape Sable in Nova Scotia, where, interrupted b ■{ the laiid, it runs eaitward towards Britain. In t!ie nin;li ccnlary, AlfieJ the Great liad a very formidable fleet. man, But (31. ) • But I refer again to the Doftor's pamphlets, in which the reader will find a lunJ of entertainment, and, if I mitlake not, verv fatista£lory proof of the voyages of Prince Madog, and the prefcnt exiitence of the W'cirh Indians in America. I cannot hut unite with him in wilhiiig that a fubfcription were opened, for the purpofe of fending proper perfoi.s to afeertain the fn't, beyond the pcfhbiiity of doubt ; hoping that the difcoveiy would lead to the moft important and falutury ends. ,_ '■ , . ylpiU 10, 1797. THE reader will rccollet^, thai a Mr. Evans fet out in the year 17P3, determined, if poffible, to find out his Cambri-Ameriran brethren. I am happv to be able, in tonfequence of a letter 1 received yefterday from the Rev. Mr. 'J homas, of Eeominflcr, to give the public fome fur- ther account of him, and of his journey ; fiom which it will appear, that Mr. D. was miJintbrmcd when he wrote to England (as mentioned page 14), "that John Evans had fully accomplilhcd the objeA of his journey :" it may be iiopccf, howevci-, that he is in a fair way of lb doing. Mr. Thomas informs me, that John Evans was born near Carnarvon ; that he is the fon of a Welch preacher, in con nexion with the Mcthodifts ; and that he is a young man of very good character, prudent, good-natured, and much in- clined to travel. Mr. Morgan '\.ees, an intelligent perfon, who went to America in the year 1794, has written to his friend at Hala, in Merionethlhire, giving the following ac- count of this adventurous traveller. " John Evans, is, at laft, gone up the river MifTouri, in quell: of the Welch Indians. He was taken by the Spaniards, una impriloned at St. Louis, on the MilhlTipi. By the in- lercelhon of a Welclunan, living at that place, he was li- berated. About that time. Judge Turner came into the province of Cahokia and Kafkalkia, on the MiifiiTipi, ex- ecuting his office in the country N. \V . of the Ohio. The Spanii'h Ccernor paid him a vifit, and in converfation men- tiuned a John I'A'anr>, who thought to go up the Miflbuii ; but added, that he had detained him till Le could get further account of hiux and his defign. Judge 'lurxaer, it feems, had { 35 ) ■ iiad prcviuufly hcHvd fomcthing of Jolin Evans, and rcquefl- cd the; Govcvnov to permit liim to proceed on his journcv ; obl'ervinf;, that if he could not lind out the people in view, yet his joui;i/:v might prove a common bcnciit to the woild. in confequcnce of this requtft, the Ciovcrnor not only pro- niifed Mr. Evans pcmilfion to proceed, but to give him a, letter of reeommendati(jn, written in Spaniih, French, and Knglifli, to be prefcnted as occalion might require ; toge- ther with fume articles that would be acceptable to the Iiidians uc might meet ^ilh on his way. Judge Turner was alfu fo obliging as to give him every needful inftru6tit)n how to conuu(-t himt'clf among the Indians, with dircdlion to keep a journal, &c. So tiiat now he is more likely than ever to fuccced. Before he returns he is to follow the Mif- fouri up to the very fpring-head ; to viht the Volcano ; and to bring proof, if lie can, that he has touc'ied upon the Pacific Ocean. He is then to receive uooo dollars of thij Spaniih Government. — Thus the W'elchman, ihould he live to return, whether he fucceed or not in difcovering the Welch Indians, will obtain a comfortable fupport for his life, and his diary may probably be worth a very confiderable ium.^' . Tiie Editor onlv adds, that he will thankfully receive any communications on this fubj.et^t from AV'ales, America, or any other part of the world ; and intends to communi- cate to the public the iiitcrefting intelligence he may be favoured with, lie alfo holds himfelf in readinefs to alFift, as far as he mav be able, in furthering any attempt for the 4ilcovering, civilizing, or Chriftianizing the Welch Indians. FINIS. JlilSSIONARY SOCIETY. r ' JuJ! piihlijlied, by T. Chapman, Flcet-Jlreety A SERMOxN AND CHARGE DCLIVERED AT SION-CHAPEL, LONDON, July 28, 1796, On occafion of the Deilgnation of the First Missionariet. to the Iflands of the South-Sea. The Sermon by Henry Hunter, D. D. Minhler of the Scots Church, London Wall ; The Charge by Edward Williams, D, D. Minifter at Rothcrham, Yorklhire. To whicli is prciixeJ, A SHORT NAURAl'IVE Of the Order of the Solemnity of that Day. Price One Sruliivr. '. SIX SERMONS, preached in London at the Formation of the MISSIONARY SOCIETY, September 22, 2 >, 24, 1795, By the Rev. Dr. Haweis, Aldwinckle, Rev. George Burder, Coventry, Rev. Samuel Gre:i'.'u:ed, NVoburn, Kcv. John Hey, Driltol, Rev. Rowland Hill, ^L A. Surry Cliapel, Rev. David Boguc; Cofport. To wiilch are preiixed. Memorials refpedling the Eftabliflt- nu/nt and lirll yVttempts of that Soeiety. Price Two ShUlni^^ ar.d i'ixpcMcc. " FOUR SERMONS, Prcaclied in London at the Second General Meeting of the MISSIONARY SOCIETY, May II, 12, 13, ]19b, Bv the Rev. Mr. Lambert, Mull. Rev. Mr. IVntverols, \VallIngford, Rev. Mr. Jay, Bath, and Rev. Mr. Jones, Llangan. To which arc preiixcd, the Rroceedings of the Meeting, and the Report of the Oiredtors, ^Vit.h a i\iriralt of Captain Wilson. Pr'u-r TixQ Shlil'ino^i and Sixpence. t FARIER of the ]