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Un des symboles suivants apparaftra sur la derniire image de cheque microfiche, selon le cas: le symbols — ► signifie "A SUIVRE ", le symbols V signifie "FIN". Les cartes, planches, tableaux, etc.. peuvent Atre fiimis A des taux de reduction difftrents. Lorsque le document est trop grand pour Atre renroduit en un seul cliche, il est film* A partir oe I'angle sup^rieur gauche, de gauche A droite, et de haut en bas, en prenant le nombre d'images nicessaire. Les diagrammes suivants illustrent la mithode. 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 MaNTI^^A*. fij < k.'- TO THE f * MARITIME PROVINCES ? AND BACK. The Antis. Who' they are. Conversations. Coal Fields OF Nova Scotia. Halifax and St. John, &c., « &c., &c. I'll • Br A;iiO; GILBERT, M ON T1li'»At»' "S VB N t NO TBLBGRArHl" Price 25 (^s. ■ r ■ i ) iw i l .... . 'iiW MOI^TREAI^? BRINTED BY THE ML PRlNTIlJe A|fB PUBLISHING COMPANY. A. RAMSAY & SON. UfPOBTERS AND DEALKRS IV ENGLISH & GERJHIF WINDOW GLASS, MUlC^Kt PaUdHW & MLLSOi P^LATS OILA89,, &c., &c., &c., Glaziers' Diamonds, Artists* and Graining Tools, Gildei Burnishers, Gold and Silver Leaf, Bronzes, &c., &c. 37, 39 and 41 RECOLLET STREE " V \ (FROBI BNGIiAND) JEWELLEB, SILVERSMITH & OPTICIAN, MXTIR'S BUUiDINOS, SOS 2^TOTR.B lDJ^l>a.lEi STREET, Watches, Jewellery, and Clocks careftilly repaired. K". B. — Importer of "Watches, Clocks, and Jewellery. Manufacturer Masonic and other Begalia. WILLIAM SAMUEL, WHOLESALE AND RETAIL HATTER & FUpiER, ^reasonable prio4 kVND. Military Orders attended to with prompt||tadc SAMPLES OF FORAGE CAPS ALWl FROM MONTREAL TO riiK MARITIME PROVINCES AND liACK ThK ANTIS. A\'1I<) THliV ARK. COWKRSATION'S. CoAI, FlKLDS (.!■ XovA SroTiA. Halifax an'D St.' Johns. lVc, -HS EXCURSION TO HALIFAX. IN'CIDFNTS ON 'IIIK ROUTK-AMKRICAN GIRLS— CRI NOLINK EXAI.I'KI» For Portland, ho ! There was the usual hurry and bustle peculiar to a railway station as the hour drew near for the departure of the lo.io p.m. train from the l^onavencure Station for (Quebec and Portland. There was Paterfamilias, his better half, his grown-up daughters, and the luggage. The young ladies are a little nervous, and with much peevishness insist " that it is time to get on the train and get a good seat, or they wouldn't have any at all." Pater- familias, with the air of an old traveller, pooh-poohs this, and declares there is no hurry, while, between the urgent entreaties and frequent tugs of h»"r dutiful daughters and the important air of her liege lord, the maternal authority is very uncomfortable and very hot. Then there is the inde- pendent gentleman, with his small valise and satchel (sources of no care) smoking his pipe with a smile of complacency and coolness of demeanor in provoking contrast with the party and baggage. As he walks past the fretting young ladies, a glance of commisseration is bestowed on them, which at once calls forth their indignation, and, with renewed nudges, they declare " that horrid fellow is laughing at them." Then comes the spinster, or rather the single lady, with her bandbox and huge trunk ; the latter she submits to be checked, but the former is a treasure to her too preolcus to depart from the safe-keeping of her own hands. Before entering the carriage, many times she asks " if this is the right train," and as many times is she answered in the affirmative. At last all are on board ; the young ladies are contented. Paterfamilias wipes his perspiring brow ; the siiij^ic l.'idy has l)ccii ass ii red for ihc liHiclli lime iIkU // /.v the rijj;ht train ; the last bell riiii;s ; the man that is always late has rushed on board ; llif winsllo blows, and for I'ortland, ho ! l-kOM .M(J.\ I UKAF, ro I'KKll \M> The car is a larl,AXli »'(»N1). Ai ckiylight all are again awake, and soon after the stentorian voice of the conductor gave the information that ** Cars would be changed at Island Pond, and a half-an-hour allowed for breakfast." Shortly afterwards the train reached 'the station, and a general scam])cr took place for the nearest hotel, where a \ery bad breakfast was furnished at a very- high price. l)rcakfast being finished, and the baggage searched, the new train was quickly filled with passengers, but would not leave for fifteen minutes yet. It was very evident that Canada had been left behind. While the train waited, youths with long white «tr yellow dusters, broad checked trousers, and vulgar patent leather boots, with a rowdy hat cocked to one side and cigar in mouth, lounged about the station and stared impertinently, and told of 1 m y^^mm 6 anolhor country, ami other fashions l)csi(lcs those of Can. ula. The (Iivi(lin.i; hnc was not broad, but the distinction was great. Pale-faced fjirls, with sallow coni|)lexi()ns, lan;,aiid eyes and nasal intonation of voice, wcarin;.;' larj^e shawls or cloaks of dark tartan colour, with hair done up in the extreme of fashion, now came on hoard as j)asscngers, and told of another people, another nationality, speakin^i; a so-called l^n^lish, but how different in looks, in manner and in behaviour. The sallow complexion of the American girls was in strange contrast with the fair faces, si)arkling eyes, and bloommg appearance of several of their Canadian sisters, seated not far from them. JUit the American girls are not all sallow, pale-faced or sickly looking. There arc some who are as fair and pretty as girls of any other country, but the majority are not. At eighteen and nineteen young- girls in looks and age, at twenty-five old women in looks, but young in years. This is witnessed on every side. A really handsome American girl is seldom seen. Small in stature, they may be pretty, but not handsome ; many are more sallow, thin and sickly looking than refined or delicate in appearance. But to be pale or "interesting" looking is the pride of these foolish girls, and too often what is considered interesting looking is a yellow complexion, and their paleness is more of a dy.speptic look. That these are facts all have an opportunity for judging. JUit the train is again in motion, and this time we go from ISF.AND PONO TO PORII.AM). Island Pond is a very beautiful little place, and is the beginning of scenery very different in its nature from that we have left behind. As the train rushes on, the scenery gets more beautiful. The day is lovely, the sun shining brightly and warmly, and the occupants of the cars, under its influence, are chatting away merrily. On speeds the train, and still more beautiful does the scenery get. On the right, high hills are passed, rising higher in the distance, while, on the left, the thick woods reach to the edge of the track. On f goes the trail), now nisliiiig past a pretty little villa;;c, witli its neatly painted station house, now running; by the ed;;e of a diminutive river, or over a bridf;e across a ffully deej) below ; now runnin;;' by the, base of some hi»;h hill well wooded to the top, or throui;h a valley extending far to right and left, and anassing through the mountains, the storm burst forth, and we received the contents of the clouds in the shape of a lieavy rain and high wind. It was now evident that a change had taken place in the weather for the worse, and that there was no hope of a better state of affairs for some time to come. SAT) l!Ur TRVK. It has often been said that there is but one step from the sublime to the ridiculous, l^c this a truth or not, as a general rule, here is an instance. The White Mountains had scarcely been left behind, when the country again became open. The land was rolling and the farmer had taken advantage of it ; for fine farms coukl be seen both far 8 and nciir. One field close to the track contained a crop so valuable that it was necessary to protect it from the visits ol the crows, and the means adopted for doin^-so was as great an instance of Yaiikce ingenuity as it was sad in its elfect. Here, sus})ended from high poles, waving to and fro (Hs saiic- crows — whisper it not in Montreal, breathe it not in Great St. James Street — were six or eight criiio/i/ii's. Rusted and ragged, torn and tattered, they fluttered in the breeze in a manner to frighten bipeds of far more intelligence than crows. The wind blew — the crinolines waved. They were indeed terrible to behold. No crow would venture near such as those. The gentlemen laughed, the ladies blushed, and well they might. 'Twas but yesterday that ladies swept past us extended to the very limits of patience and the side- walk — to-day they glide past us as thin as a bean-pole, and apparently with as little clothing. The fickle goddess of lashion indulges in a whim, all follow her example, and crinoline is discarded. Oh ! how fickle is everything api)er- tainhig to fashion. Yesterday the Duplex Elliptic, the Sans I'lectum, and the Empress Trail were treasures very precious. To-day the fashion changes, and they are cast away, but not lost ; oh ! no — they become scare-crows. What w uld have been thought of him three months ago who would have dared to say that crinoline would make good scare-crows. No language would have been too harsh for him. Crinoline is having its revenge. It is now frightenuig away the crows. Never was it so useful before. The train went on, and the field was left behind. The rain still continued to fall heavily, and on reaching Portland about 3 p.m., the city looked dirty and dingy ; the water dropping from the scattered houses with dampening effect on both spirit and clothes. To add to the pleasure of the occasion, the boat for St. John would not likely be on time, as it was blowing great guns outside, and very foggy. There was nothing for it but to grin and bear for four hours or more. Portland has by no means a i)repossessing appear- ance, especially on a wet day ; and the new brick buildings t I / I V 9 lialf-biiill houses, squares of blackened linil)er.s and empty si)accs. mark painfully the eflects of the great eonfla-ration. Jkit that It will do good, the enterprising inhabitants have no doubt. Brick and stone buildings will take the place of wooden ones, and wider streets and finer buildings are to be at once made and built on the sites now covered with the ashes of the former ones. Several very fine buildings have already been put up and many more will shortly follow. The rain falling heavily, no opportunity was afforded for moi-e extended observations and It was besides actually cold. The change from the heat experienced in Montreal at the time of departure was very great, and the Canadians did not relish the sudden coolness of the sea-breeze, and sincerely desired a change. However, It was a«torm and no one could possibly help that. A loud' whistle sounds through the fog, and the glad intelligence is heard that the boat is coming. No time is lost on getting on board the steamer, which turns out to be the large and^'fast boat the '' New York." On board everything is comfortable and the saloon is crowded with passengers, an unusual number taking advantage of the excursion from J^oston and Portland to visit the Maritime Provinces. The weather is very stormy outside and a "rough night" is anticipated but from Portland to St. John and Halifax must for-n ' the contents of another letter. ( > , FROM PORTLAND TO HAIJFAX. FRO^r PORTI.AM. TO ST. JOUN-SKA SICK HUMAN [TV-loc;- ST. J(»HN-N()V.\ S'JOTI A, As there was a very large quantity of freight to be taken on board, the steamer was delayed for no little time, but the last package was tossed in, the whistle shrieked again, and tlie Xr7c> York, with nearly four hundred passei'gers on board, was off for St. John, calling at Kaslport. The scene in the splendidly lighted saloon was s^yy brilliant, and chat- «MIHiaitfittii lll__glll J 10 tering and laughing, every one was in the gayest mood. Ikit suddenly a change came over the scene. Passing out of the channel the heavy roll of the Atlantic was encountered, and as it had been blowing hard all day the sea was very high, and the fine steamer was pitching and tossing about in gallant style. The convv 'sation ceased. Ladies grew pale, and still paler very quickly, and rushed into their state-rooms in all the agonies of sea-sickiiess. Sturdy men and tall looked very determined, desperately tried to keep their spirits up, and confidently declared "they didn't feel the least sick." I^ut the long face grew longer, and soon they might have been seen affectionately grasping the side of the vessel, moaning and groaning in a manner neither musical or subduetl. No pride had they now ; the firm step and haughty bearing were all forgotten, aild it was indeed hard to realize that yonder object was Mr. Million, wl o walked so proudly but an hour ago. Little, poor man, did he care then whether his name was Million or Thousands, whether he was six feet two or five feet three. No, he was in the lowest depths of misery, and none of his untold gold could buy him a moment's comfort. The poorest beggar on terra firnia was to be envied as compared to him then. He was very sick ; and so was the Dandy near him. Surely ! he could not have been the exquisite of smooth water, who, with tight fitting trousers and daintily coloured gloves, promenaded, with killing intent, again and again the length of the brilliant saloon. Surely he had assurance enough to have kept any man from getting sea sick. Sea sick — so harmless a one sea sick ! 15ut the biter had been bit. lie had a swell to contend with in earnest. No diamond pin or studs of gold could rival it. The heavy swell of the Atlantic rolled on its way with irresistible effect, and our swell of the shore was in a deplorable state. lie was vanquished, subdued. Ah ! it was well the fair Jane or Mary could not have got a sight of him. What if the gay fairies of the ball room, to wliom he had whispered so many brave things and bold things, co"Ul have seen him V , m 11 then as he clutched the fric.ully hcliiying phi, and, with agonized face and rolling eyes, cursed the folly that had tempted him to take the " twip." Was it sarcasm that tempted the "owid" waiter to say to him so politely, "Dinner, sir ?" Me answers with a horrid shudder. When he returns home again, and in off-hand manner tells of the scenes of his adventures, let him remember that one scene on the night, when he leaned over the side and gazed so long at the deep blue sea. The vessel plunged and pitched. The majority of the passengers were sea-sick, and the moans of the sufferers were heard from every quarter. Rich and poor, high and low, all levelled by a common misery. Presbyter- ianism and P^piscopalianism were sea-sick. Methodism and Roman Catholicism groaned in concert. Hard Shell Baptists and Soft Shell Baptists stumbled over one another, and stood side by side as they acknowledged the agency of a common water. Night came on dark and stormy, and so thick was the fog that it was necessary to sound the fog whistle every few minutes. The vessel creaked and groaned in every joint, and so continued until daylight next morning, which only revealed the fog as thick as ever. The steamer went at half speed, and at eleven o'clock was thought to be near Eastport, but, to tell the truth, no one knew where she was, and, indeed, it would have been surprising if they could, for not half the vessels length could be seen on either side. But that the shore was near was proved by sounding- ; how near, or what part of it, was the mystery. The steamer was stopped and well she was, for the fog lifting a little, the spray Avas discovered dashing over sunken rocks not two- hundred yards ahead. A boat was then lowered and sent ashore, and the situation of the vessel ascertained. The course was altered, and very soon after the wind changed, the fog was blown away, and Eastport could be sp'^n ahead. The scenery, as the steamer sailed into the harbor, was very beautiful. On the right was the British Island of Campo Bello, and the spot was pointed out where the Fenian Killian so gallantly attacked five undefended 12 liouscs aiil a'.liially tore down a flai;'. The people yet remember with anythiiij; but {pleasure " the time the 1^'cnians were in Mastporl." A short stay was made at I'^astport, and the steamer a<;ain went on for St. Jolm. The evening was now lovely, and the sea mucli smoother, and ihe sullerers fast recovering themselves and their spirits. '1 he sun was warm and bright, and the exhilarating sea breeze could be enjoyed with gn'at delight. The passengers again turned out in full fjrce, and cheerily sailed the craft About ten o'clock St. John was reached, where a change was made to the steamer " Empress," and in a short time she sailed for Windsor, Nova Scotia, The passage from St. John to Windsor is across the lUy of Fundy, and the scenery on entering the river Avon, near the mouth of which is Windsor, has to be seen to be fully appreciated. It is to be regretted that so little is known of the people and provinces now united with us in a grand Confederation, but it is to be hoped that one of the immediate results of the great Union will be a better knowledge of the generous people and splendid country of our new formed relations. This can only be attained by association, conversation, and personal observation. Ilavmg arrived at St. John at so late an hour, little was seen of it in the hurried drive from one wharf to another, and, the passage from that place to Windsor being during the night, the first glimpse of the Nova Scotian shore was obtained at daylight, as Saturday morning, the 29th of June, dawned, and at that time the steamer was then enterinir the channel of the river Avon. The scene that greeted us was indeed l)eautifu!, and the first sight of Nova Scotia was charming and admirable, as it appeared on the lovely summer morning. As further progress "was made up the river, the village of Passborough was seen, and very pretty and cheerful it looked. On either side of the river were a number of ships on the stocks, some iinished ; others being built gave e^-idence of a shi})-building country. We > 1:'. t ) in were pussin-- Ihroii-h Kin-'s Coimly, the -aidcn of X.-va Scotia— and well worthy ol .sikh a luinie did llie Iii\-!Mi;inL lolia-o and verdant .ielfis a})i)car. The l.uul was r'wh ami rolling, and as fine for a-iicultural pur])()scs as any iu the Dominion. ICxclamations of surj)risc and delidu wore freely given vent to by the Montreal visitors, and the\ were indeed surprised at seeing so fnie a country, finer than anv that had ever been seen in Canada by many on boarcl 'Jliere is no scenery in ai.y part of Canada above Montreal to equal that witnessed on the way to Windsor. At nine o'clock, Windsor was reached, and from this place to Halifax, the journey is made by the Nova Scotian Railway. As the train did not start for two hours, plenty of time was allowed to view the place. A very striking feature at once noticed was the healthy look and ruddy complexions of the people of the tt)wn. The sun, the salt water, and the in- vigorating breeze from the briny wateis, had done this, and very strong and healthy they were. Windsor has a large hotel, the Clifton House by name, and a weekly paper, well conducted and printed. I' ROM WINDSOR lO IIAI.II AX. At eleven o'clock, the train was ready, and, with the customary "all aboard" from the conductor, started for Halifax. The cars were new and elegant, and the road well laid, as was made plain from the smooth running of the cars over the rails. Here was another agreeable surprise. None had expected so well conducted or such splendid accommo- dation on any railroad in this part of the province. It is doubtful whether many knew of a railroad being there at all. They had, however, ocular demonstration to assure them of the fact. As the train went on, the beautiful country again opened out, and, noticing my earnest gaze, a gentleman from Halifax sitting next to me said, " A beautiful country, sir ; as fine a country as there is in the province. " And so it was. The rolling land to right and left for farming purposes could not be excelled or equalled, and any farmer in either Lower ! 14 or Upper Canada would open liis eyes to see it. No wonder the Yankee sitting yonder sliifls about uneasily, and mutters "enterprise," unwitlinj;ly perhaps. Yes, it is a fit subject of envy for you, brother Jonathan, with all your declarations that you wouldn't have Canada if you y;ot it in a present. Ikit you will never have Canada. I'irst learn to govern the united country you have got at nxsent, before you talk of obtaining new territory. You snapped asunder the Reci- procity Treaty like a spoiled child cries for it doesn't know what, and then you cry because you cannot get it back again. You may get a Reciproc ty Treaty if you behave yourself, brother Jonathan, but you will never have the Dominion of Canada. Canadians are not fond of tippling tailors as representatives of their intelligence or institutions. The train runs swiftly and smoothly on. ** A fine country, sir," again says my friend. *' Indeed it is a most beautiful farming country." " Not only a farming country, but a mineral country too," and, pointing to a heap of light colored stones, he said that w-^- the Plaster-stone, from which the finest plaster of Paris is made, and in inexhaus- tible quantities. The exporting of this material is a very large trade. For ten miles the farming land was good, after that the country became more wild and thickly wooded, but well watered. Quarries were pointed out as busily worked, and rich in material. Lake after lake was jDassed in rapid succession. No sooner was one out of sight than another appeared. Some small, others larger, making a beautiful view, and giving proof of a rare water privilege. Close to the shore bobbed the floats of the fishen^-^n's nets, and situated here and there in a glen or valley, were rustic-looking houses, the summer residences of some of the Halifax people. Now and then a saw-mill was passed busily at work. One was worked by a settlement of Germans who had built it, and were doing well, as their enterprise deserved. A large lake was reached, and running along its banks the station of Halifax came in sight, and shortly afterwards the train stopped, the passengers disembarked, and the excur- .1 ^ I » sionists were in Halifax, destined to he the ^reat outlet for the ^;raiii, lumher, and i)r(HliK:e of the Dominion. The horse- railway cars were in waitin;;, and. takinj; a seat in one of them, the travellers wers-soon at a comfortable hotel, ready for dinner after the delightful journey of the morning. The breeze of the salt water is a capital incentive to a good appetite. 'IJIK I'ASSKNOKRS. Among the passengers from Portland to Halifax, were the Hon. Dr. Tupper, who was hurrying home to be present at the last meeting of the Nova Scotia government, held this afternoon, 29th June. I'ather Chiniquy, Rev. Dr. Lachlin Taylor, A. W. Ogilvie, Esq., and many others from Montreal and other cities. Mr. Livingstone of the Mornhig Telegraph, and Mr. Parkyns, Morning yountal, St. John were also returning home from a visit to Montreal and Ottawa. Both have been very favourably impressed with the wealth and importance of Montreal, and were but of the one opinion^ that it should be the seat of Government, although they expressed much admiration at the magnificence of the Parliament Ikiildings. But Ottawa was out of the way. That is the general opinion here. It was entirely through the exertions ./l Dr. Tupper that we arrived here to-day (Saturday), as the American boat, on account of the fog, was much behind time, and the steamer from St. Jo'^n to Windsor would not have waited for her had not Dr. Tupper telegraphed from Eastport, requesting her to be kept until our arrival. By his exertions a special train was at Windsor for Halifax, and thus were the excursionists enabled to be in Halifax for the celebration of the first. Iwcry kindness has been paid the Montrealers by the honorable gentleman and his family, and he will soon be as great a favourite in Canada as he is here. Great preparations are being made for the proper observance of Monday the first. The political feeling is high on both sides, and nothing is talked of from morning to night but Confederation and its results. The Anti-Con- federates, with Howe at their head, declare the country ii; will I)c ruiiicil, llic people Ijurvlciied with taxes, and, in fact, lalU as if the people of Canada were coining" to overrun their eountry and .L;()l)ble iheni ii[). We shall be rained by taxation tor lailways, cry the antis, to build an Intercolonial road, that will brin;^ the produce of the Canadas into our market. The Canadians will send down their flour, butter, cheese and everything, anil undersell us. Canada is bank- rupt ; and they almost tear their hair while Howe talks treason and makes an ass of himself. IJut, on the other hand, the Confederates are enthusiastic, energetic and have but one desire, and that is to " have the Intercolonial Railway built at once." The Intercolonial Railway is a necessity. Then will Nova Scotia and New i^runswick be connected with Montreal and Western Canada, and be reached directly, not as at present via Portland, with half a dozen changes on the way. The Intercolonial Railway should be built at once. The Anti's cry that Canadian produce will flow in upon them to the destruction of their market. That is foolish, childish. W^ho can pay freight for produce 4, 5, 6, or 800 miles an-i undersell a market on the spot. The Uppei Cana- dians cry, " Give us an outlet for our grain, our lumber, and our produce. One that is open all the year round." Build the International Railway, and you havo a harbor at Halifax and St. John open all the year round, and large enough to contain all the merchant vessels of Great Britain. The Confederates say : " We have plenty of coal and iron, and that is what you want in Canada. 0[)en a trade with us, and you will have all the coal and iron that you want. We will be the outlet for your enormous trade, and in return send you back our coal and iron." And they are right. The coal and iron is here, but no way have they got to send it into Canada. Canada gets her coal from the States. Let a trade be established, and the coal can be had from Nova Scotia. The coal mines near New Glasgow, some distance from Halifax, are in active operation, and in extent but little known in Quebec or Ontario. A full description of them will duly be forwarded. In the meantime, preparations are being made I > I -^'"-"fiiin'^VilTi-l-iiiiiif IT fur a graiul ()l)scrviincc of the birlhtUiy of tlic New l^oniiiiion, and if the weather is only fine, a clay of much joy and rejoicing may be relied on. COM l.DKU AIION DAV IN HAMlAX-CrrV HANDSOMKLY UKCORATKI)- (;kKA r Kl [OK IN(;S— I HK rkview— pkockssion-kirkwokks. Halifax, July 2, 1867. Notvvithstaniling all the efforts of the Antis, and all the opposition that narrow minds and ignorance could prompt them to offer, the celebration of the ist of July in Halifax was a grand success, and the enthusiasm not to be exceeded in any city in the Dominion. Antiism received its death- blow, and a principle was fought for and won in a manner worthy the gallant elforts of the enlightened community. It was only a few days before that it was determined to have a day of rejoicing on a large scale, and from the time preparations began to the very latest hour possible, every eliort was made by the Antis to impede a celebration, if not to prevent one. The means they resorted to, and their con duct on that day, were as despicable as they were unworthy of men living in an enlightened nineteenth century. Display- ing none of that dignity that makes a foe worthy of the steel, or displaying the possession of intelligence, they descended to actions that brought ui)()U their party the scorn and contempt ol' every man of mind and principle. In evincing their petty spite and malice, their conduct was actually childish and imbecile. Men threatenetl to discharge their employes if they took part in the celebration ; other Antis hoisted their flags half-mast high, and the }roniing Chronicle m\i\ Acadian Reporter wcxQ. published in deep mournihg. Such conduct from the press will display to the people of Montreal and Canada, who are accustomed to the keenest contests, and to bear defeat with manly dignity, the minds possessed by the editors of the newspapers of this party, and what great knowledge they possess of the noble and liberal principles that constitute the power of the press. Jiut from the closest t L h \ 18 obscrvatinn, T hiivc foiiiKl this to bean cstablishcil fact. The Confederates or Unionists represent the men of broad views, and who are anxious to develope the country. The Antis are the narrow-minded and anti(|uate(l specimens of a by-j^one century. They say, ** We are i;ettin^- on fast enough, let us alone." They dread the idea of cominj^ in contact with the vast population of Canada, and siuidtlur when they think of the tliousands that will overrun their country when the Intercolonial Railway is built. They are fifty years behind the age in the city, aiul in the country they are at least a century. They are the same men who, when railways were to be built, cried out " to give them no coaches on rails to kill them in thousands." It was the Antis of that age who travelled by coach because their fathers had done so before them, when they could have gone by rail twice the distance in half the time, and at half the expense. It was the Antis of that age who threatened to put to death the man, unless he recanted, who said the world was round when //uy tJiOHgJit it was flat. It was the Antis who hooted at the idea of a circulation of the blood, and it is the Antis of to- day in Nova Scotia who are opposed to the grand scheme of Confederation. There are one or two who are intelligent enough to be ashamed to use the absurd arguments of one class of Antis, and say the Government tricked them into it and the people were not consulted. Others are Antis, and their numbers are not few, who are so because they are Annexationists at heart. Others are so because they think it a great display of ability always to be in opposition. But 1 can say, from my own careful observation, that the majority of the Antis are so from a horror of having their country opened up, and from an innate stupidity and cupidity peculiar to a certain class of people. These are the people the Confederates of Halifax have had to fight against. Is it any wonder that Anti's presuming to edit two newspapers should act in a childish manner .^ You cannot get sense from a blockhead, nor anything but a grunt from a certain animal. Js it any wonder that Anti's should hoist flags half-mast high, 'I I it f ( 19 open their sloics, put mourning on their huihliu^s, and liave certain papers to applaud and lead them ? lUit the victory of intelli«;ence, ofenter[>rise, and of loyalty was very great, and never did Halifax look so gay and jubilant as it did on the day il celebrated the birth of the New Dominion. The sun shone brightly from the time of its rising, and the day was as lovely as the most enthusiastic Unionist could desire. From an early hour in the morning until sunrise, cannon and guns were fired in every direction, awakening the people and bidding them prepare to welcome the day. The scene on going into the streets was very animating and brilliant. It was a Gala 1 )a\'. DKC'OK.vnoNs, M(>'rroi;.s, &>., ><(. b'rom every window, except of course, the establishments of the Amis, hung a flag, from the tiniest Union Jack to the largest St. George's banner, trailing two stories in length- ICvery flag that could be procured was in requisition, and several gentlemen expended large sums of money in procuring bunting for the occasion. Across the principal streets at short distances, were slung banners, garlands, mottoes, and streamers. The garlands were made from real or imitation flowers, and were a pretty relief to the daz/ding brilliancy of the Union Jacks. The " Royal Alfred." " Cygnet," other men-of-war, and merchants vessels in the harbour were decked from stem to stern, and high on the citadel a similar display of flags was made. The wind blew, the flags waved, and the sight was • very beautiful. The mottoes were handsomely got up, and expressive. Jn one place bearing the words : — The Dream of my I)oyhood — British Connexion — Union ! Union ! Union I — Our Candidates for Dominion : S. L. Shannon, John Tobin, V. C. Hill, Stephen Tobin, George McLeod — An united British America under the Jlag of i,ooo years. " God Save the (Jneen." In another : — Union ! — l^ritish America — Ontario — Quebec — Nova Scotia — New Brunswick — Ikitish Connexion — " God Save the Queen." 20 T'iX'c Trade — One Union — One Tiirilf — One rosl-oCricc-— One Custom House — God Speed the Union — We Greet the New Dominion — and many others as appropriate and numerous. Crowds were promenading; the streets from an early hour, and friends meeting;- lieartily shook iiands, and ealled one another '• Canucks." '• We are all Canadians now," one would say, and with as great cordiality would the response be " Yes, it is as it ought to be." " We are united at last." rilK ADDKKSS. y\t nine o'clock, after services had been held in the p* '; ai churches, a very beautiful and eloquent address was delivered to an immense audience by the Mayor, Dr. Richy, from a stand on the Grand Parade. The speaker was surrounded by members of the Government, and influential citizens. Upper Canada was represented by the Rev. Dr. Lachlan Taylor, and the Rev. Mr. Stevenson. After the address^ cheers were given for the Queen, the New Dominion, and the speaker. (;rand pkockssion. Immediately at the conclusion of the address, the Trades* Unions procession was formed, and with three bands of music, marched through the streets of the city. The pro- cession was long and imposing, the men of the different trades being all in working costume, and with the tools l)cculiar to each trade, were busily at work as the procession moved throuafh the streets. Each trade had the workers on waggons, drawn by four or six horses, and both horses and waggons handsomely decorated. The l^lacksmiths, for instance, had a forge and bellows at work, mounted on a large waggon drawn by six horses, covered with ev^ergreens, flowers and flags, and as they passed the bellows was blowing, and the fire burning to the merry clink of the anvil. The Bakers, also, had their machinery ; a patent cutter for moulding biscuits was at work, and an oven in full blast, to finish the biscuits as soon as made. All the other trades /,-» «.*" 21 were rci)rcsenteil in one way or iiiK^hcr. The following was the order of procession: — (iraiul Marshal — Hand — Stone- cutters and liricklayers — Masons — Mason's car — Plasterers — Joiners and Carpenters — Tobacco Manufacturers' car — Tobacco Manufacturers — Hread car — Ship Carpenters and Caulkers — Quarry Men — Fishermen's lioat — Fishermen — liand — Steam-engine car — Boiler-maker's car — l^lacksmith's car — Tradesmen — Moulder's car — Stonecutters' car — Ma- chinist's car — Stone car — Tradesmen — Hread car — l^and — Citizens — Mayor and Corporation — Clerj^ymen and other Professional Men — Members of the Local Legislature — The Government — Senators of the Dominion — Cavalcade, The .streets were crowded to watch the procession. Excursion trains were in the meantime coming in from the country, bringing numbers of excursionists to view the proceedings. At ten o'clock a salute was thundered forth from the Naval l^rigade. THK KKVIKW. At eleven o'clock, the streets leading to the Common were filled with people, making their way to witness the Grand Review. The Common is a very large flat square behind the Citadel, and very suitable for the purpose it was now used for. The troops were drawn up in line on arriving at the ground. On the left were the Naval Brigade ; the Jack Tars in their white summer uniform, contrasting pleasingly with the long line of red coats. Next were the Royal Engineers, the 4th Regiment, (King's Own), then the 47th Regiment, and on the right the Royal Marines. At eleven o'clock the Lieutenant-Governor, Sir P'enwick Williams, of Kars, arrived on the ground, accompanied by a brilliant staff, and the Review began. The troops marched past in slow and quick time, in companies and columns, and then at the double. There was no firing. At the conclusion of the Review, three cheers were given by the troops for the New Dominion. The Regiments then marched off the ground, headed by their bands, and the spectators separated to amuse O") thcnisclvc:; iiMlil throe o'clock when the Athletic games were lo commence. 'J'hese were : — I. Climhin- Greasy Pole; 2. Flat Race, (one hundred yards); 3. Putting the Shot, (24 lbs.) ; 4. Running Leap ; 5. Quarter Mile Race ; 6. Sack Race, ('fifty yards) ; 7. Running High Leap; 8. Flat Race, (half-a-mile) ; 9. Hop! Step and Leap ; 10. Carrying Buckets of Water on head. I'he heat was too great to admit of much pleasure in witnessing theni. TMI. !l.!.lMIXA'l'IOXS, FIREMEN, AND FIREWORKS. As darkness came on so did the streets fill to witness the fireworks, illuminations, and torchlight procession of the firemen. The Lunatic Asylum on the Dartmouth shore was brilliantly illuminated, and with its myriad of lights presented a beautiful appearance, as also did the Provincial Buildings, and the Halifax Hotel, the latter having a large and tasteful representation, presenting an effective appearance when illuminared at night. The residence of the Archbishop (i^piscopal) was beautifully illuminated, and the inscriptions on the transparencies, were particularly appropriate and forcible. They are well worthy to be remembered, and were as follows : — " To-day we open a Continent, make two Oceans meet, and must soon become connected with thirty thousand miles of Railroad." " To-day Union makes a Dominion of a Province. En. larges our Country. Dignifies our Manhood. Expands our sympathy. Links us with thirty-five hundred thousand fellow subjects in our own land, and five millions of human beings north of Panama. God save the Queen." " Halifax— Yesterday, a Provincial Town : To-day, a Con- tinental City. With its boundless tributaries all the way from the Pacific, Halifax must soon become the Liverpool of British America." Space will not permit a detailed account of the splendid appearance of the firemen, with their steam fire engines, I "■"swMsisrtfljsr 28 (■ (r (steam up), hand eno-ines, and hosc-rccls, and largo and well arranged torches of wick and oil, in tin vessels for I lie purpose. As they passed, the steam engines hissed and glittered, the bells of the beautifully ornamented hose-reels rang cheerily, the men in their neat uniforms of red jackets and black trousers cheered lustily, and the people cheered, and it was certainly very fine and successful. From Dart- mouth across the magnificent harbour rockets hissed, and bon-fire^ blazed. From the illuminated Asylum, from the Grand Parade, from the Citadel, and many other places, rockets rushed up with a hoarse roar, leaving a train of fire behind .them, and mounting high into the air, exploded, falling in beautiful showers of many colored stars. At times three and four would shoot up, from the different places, and crossing, burst, with exclamations of delight, from the multitudes swarming the house-tops and spots commandin^^ a good view. For a long time this continued, but at length the last rocket exploded, the bonfires were extinguished, as were the Antis, and Halifax once more resumed its quiet after having celebrated a day long to be remembered in history, and in a manner creditable to the party representing the intelligence and enterprise of the Province— the Con- federates. FROM HALIKAX TO NKW GLASGOW. Next morning, taking passage in the Nova Scotia Railway cars, and very handsome ones they are too, after an exceed- ingly interesting journey by rail, through a very fine country I arrived at New Glasgow, the hot-bed of Anti-ism, and two' miles from the coal mines of Nova Scotia. To visit the mines was my intention, and another letter must give a description of these immense enterprises, and beds of coal, with the means of transport to Canada,— a source of un- limited wealth to the Province. •24 THE COAL MLNKS OK NOVA SL(JIIA.-AN KXTKRNAL VIEW ()V fllK AL15ION MINKS.— CAPAliU-lTY OK SUPPIA'. n New Glasgow, 4th July, 1867. But little is comparatively known in Canada of the im- mense quantities of coal, and the extensive nature of the operations carried on, in this portion of the Dominion, once a separate government. The coal is of superior quality and in inexhaustible quantities ; and the more vigorously these collieries are wo'rked the greater does the supply appear, and a short account of the principal mines will give some idea of the magnitude of the supply and the extensive nature of the works. It may be well to state here that the principal locali- ties in . xiich coal mining is pursued are the Counties of Cum- berland and Pictou, and the Island of Cape PJreton. Beginning at the North- West, in the County of Cumberland, there are the Joggin's Colliery, the Victoria, Laurence, Macan, Chicgnects and St. George Colleries. In the County of Pictou, there are the Albion, the Acadia, the Nova Scotia, the Bear Creek, the German and the Montreal and Pictou mines. In the Inland of Cape Breton, there are nineteen collieries more or less vigoro'usly worked, but all rich in the valuable substance. These collieries extend over a large tract of land, and it must be remembered that some of these collieries have more than one shaft. This in itself will give an idea of the supply Nova Scotia can afford the Provinces of Quebec and Ontario ot a substance so much needed, and, from want of sufficient transport, which has never reached their markets in paying ([uantities. A line of steamers from Pictou to Montreal direct is one of the enterprises about to start under Con- federation, and no doubt ere long Nova Scotia will furnish the Western Provinces with coal at prices to monopolize the market. The material is here in any quantity — transport is wanted. On arriving at New Glasgow, distant from Halifax ninety miles, and from Pictou ten, the coal district of the County of 25 Pictou is close at hand, and the most extensive colHery being' the Albion mines, distant only two miles, they will be the first visited. rilK ALlllON MINKS. These mines are worked and owned bv the General Min- ing Association, representing British capital, and having been in operation for several years, a large quantity of coal has been taken from the mines. The extraordinary thickness of the beds of coal at these collieries have made them notorious, the number as Avell n.s the size of the seams being un- paralleled. The average thickness of the main seam is stated to be 38 feet. About 12 feet only of the upper part of the seam is worked, the lower portion being considered inferior in quality at present. On approaching the mines from New Glasgow, the roads become graduallv covered with the coal dust, making them quite black, and telling of an approach to the mines now close at hand. The neat brick houses, the offices of the company, are soon reached, and, stating an intention to Mr Hudson, the manager, of visiting the mines, a man is called and despatched to act as chaperone, and give the many ex- planations so necessary. The first pit that is visited is the Cage pit, there being three others beside, and here are pointed out the immense " banks " of coal which would take three months to exhaust, shipping at the rate of 2,400 tons a day. This is the reserve stock of coal taken out in winter to be shipped in summer. The engine houses are next visited, and here are the engines for drawing up the boxes of coal from the pit, the shaft or entran'^-^ ■^o which is seen not far distant, and close at hand is anoi engine for pumping the water out of the mines. The interior of the engine houses, white and clean, is in great contrast to the mass of black outside, and with which everything is coated. The " rapper" is also in the- engine house, and is used by the men in ascending and descending the shaft to slow or stop the engine — much after the manner in which the steamboat bells are rung. The " rapper" is connected with the bottom "^ 2<; of the shaft by a wire i)iillcy. A board containing the regu- lations of the " rai)per" is in each engine house, and to thi^ effect : 1 Rap — Coals on. 2 Raps — Shut down. I Rap (following the two raps) — Hold. In this way communication is had with the driver of the engine from the pit far below ; and, in case of accident, the cage is at once hoisted by giving the proper signals. From the engine house the two pumps for taking the water out of the collier)- is seen steadily doing their work, Sunday and Saturday, from one week's end to another, day and night. At every stroke twenty gallons of water is taken out by each pump. The steam is supplied to the different engines by a number of boilers, and the hissing steam, high chimneys, emitting volumes of black smoke, the clash of the engines, and general activity, crrtainly look very like work. From the engine hou^\, the shaft of the cage pit is reached, and soon we are standing at the narrow aperture, the means of ingress and exit for the hundreds of human beings deep in the earth below. This is a short shaft, being only 300 feet deep. At the mouth was the " cage," the passenger-car up and down for the coal-blackened miners. Leaving the shaft, hundreds of large waggons are noticed waiting on the lines of rail to be loaded from the shaft and taken to the " screen" to deposit their load in another waggon below, the coal being sifted as it passes through the screen, and the large pieces separated from the small. The screen itself is a grating of huge size, .slanting to the ground, and through this the coals are screened. Surrounding the pit are the blacksmith's shops, carpenters shops, and a small building of brick is the magazme. DISPOSAL OK 'IHK COAL. The coal, after being detached from the seam, is shovelled into boxes, and drawn by horses to the bottom of the shaft. 15y using the " rapper," the " box" is raised to the top, and on arriving there is emptied into one of the waggons men- 1 '27 i % tioncd before as in waitiiiir. A box contains about one ton of coal. The waggon into which the coal is emptied is then taken on rails to the " bank," where it is deposited, and from the end of the bank nearest the screen the coal is taken in another waggon' to the screen itself, where it is sifted into two cars, the large pieces falling into one car, and the smaller ones into another. The waggons are then taken on the company's railway to the " loading ground," at Pictou harbour, about nine miles distant. From the loading ground the coal is taken to any part of the world thought the best market. I if KXI'KN'I' (»F OPKRAITOXS Around each pit is a small village, composed of the houses of the miners, the tool shops and other buildings necessary. The Albion Mines Company employ a large number of men, boys and horses, in one pit alone thirty horses being em- ployed, and many of which since their descent into the regions of darkness have never caught a glimpse of daylight. The following table will give the correct number of men, boys, and horses employed : — Number of men employed in pits - - ■ Do. boys do. do. - - - Number of men employed on surface- - Do. boys do. do. .- - 348 92 248 28 Total ------- 716 Horses 310 It will be seen from the above that this company alone give employment to 716 men and boys, and no less than 310 horses. The company grant their houses and fuel free to the miners, a nominal charge being made for the drawing of the coal. The company have also a well-built railway from the pits to the " loading ground," 10 miles distant. The locomotives are of the old country build, and are very powerful. The number of waggons is also very large, and the rolling stock is in first-class repair. 28 cArAi;ii,i riKs OK suri'i.v. As an instance of the richness of the mines, the company can supply from the pits looo tons daily, and ship every day during summer, if necessary, 2400 tons. This can be accom- plished by the " reserve stock or banks" of the coal taken up during the winter season. Three new pits are now being sunk to a depth of 900 feet. This will increase the capabil- ity of supply ti. double what it is at present. This brief account will serve .'.s an external view of one of the mines- A visit to the regions underground will require another letter. DESCENT INTO Til]-: UALHOUSIE ITT. THRKE HUNDRED FEEr UNDERGROUND. New Glasgovv', 12th July, 1867. To visit New Glasgow without going to the coal mines, or being at the mines without descending into one of the pits, is to go to Niagara without viewing the falls. In my last letter, I gave a brief description of the external appear- ance and working of one or two of the Albion Mines collieries, the property of the General Mining Association. As they are the largest mines, and the works having been carried on for a long period, the shafts are deeper, and the galleries much larger and longer, than those of any other of the collieries. Immense quantities of coal have been taken from these mines, and shipped to the United States, before the snapping asunder of the Reciprocity Treaty in the manner which has immortalized Jonathan as the possessor of a magnanimity only to be equalled by the wooden ham and nutmeg propensities of the Puritm New England States- But the supply of coal 'is inexhau >le, as far as present researches prove, and a market in Canada is now eagerly looked for, as a result of the uniting of the Provinces. On arriving at the comfortable offices of the company, and stating an intention of descending into one of the pits, an J >«**>- ' 20 order was at once given by the obligiii- and gentlemanly manager, Mr. Undson, to one of the " Underviewers" or su- perintendents underground, with instruction to *' take bearer and friends down a pit," and offer all necessary explanations. The shaft chosen for descent was the one leading to the famous Dalhousie pit, where a good view could be obtained of the great seam of coal, thirty-eight feet in depth. Under the care of Mr. Mall, the " undervievver," light clothing is at once doffed, and a large black coat and cap put on, and receiving a lamp, way is made to the mouth of the shaft, where hangs the cage ready to take us down lo the depth.s of darkness below. Crouching down in the cage, and being told to keep hands off from the sides, a gentle' reminder is given that you are now suspended over a height of three hundred feet, by the tiny little black rope above, and very thin and small it does look certainly ; the rapper gives the signal "lower," and the sensation is realized of sinking swiftly into a darkness almost painful in its first effects' Down, down we go. Daylight is seen shining above through the narrow shaft like a bright half-crown, while the dripping of water, and the rapidly changing temperature, produce sensations never before experienced. With a gentle thud, the cage is at the bottom of the shaft amid darkness impossible to describe. Being led to a seat, a rest is taken, in order to allow the eye to get accustomed to the change', for the dwellers upon earth are as blind as bats. The miners are quite accustomed to the change, and can see a wonderful distance in the darkness. Three hundred feet from the surface of the earth ! The darkness is remarkable in its first sensations, heavy and oppressive, apparently rolling and tumbling about, it is almost painful to the dweller in^'light and sunshine. The darkest night on term firm a is bright compared to it. The change to the scene below is sudden and confusing. The darkness, the sensations of blindness, the shouts of the crowds of boys driving the horses draggin-' the coal from the galleries, the noise of the horses rattling over the rails, the snorting of the horses, the clanging of the 80 ca^c as il rushes down with an cnipiy box or ascends with a loaded one, the glimmerinj; of the numerous hghts stuck in the caps of the miners moving quickly about, and which are now distinguishable, create imj^ressions akin to awe and helplessness. A bright light approaches near your face, and from out of the darkness a cheery voice exclaims, ** Well^ gentlemen, what do you think of our house ?" " Wait till we can sec, and then we will tell you." " Oh !" replies thesj^irit of darkness, "wait awhile and the eye will soon get accus- tomed to it." *' J^ut who ai'e you .'" cry we ; " you are as black as the very darkness itself" 1 la ! ha ! ha ! laughs the spirit, " I am John Douglas, the overman, come to go round with you. We can't keep our faces clean here, as you will find out." Slow'y our eyes got accustomed to the dark- ness, and amid the glare of the darting liglits, dark figures could be distinguished stalking about, seeming parts of the darkness itself Gradually the horses could be distinguished, and, lighting our lamps, friend Hall exclaims, " Now, follow me, and we will go along the bords and see the men at work." The bords are the passages cut in every direction through the solid coal. Some of the bords are of great length, reach- iiig over a mile and a half, following the seams of coal, and> in the Dalhousie pit, are unuiuially high and roomy. The one we now passed through was in one place 38 to 40 feet in height, and, as the eye got accustomed to the darkness, on looking up, the jagged peaks of the roof above could be distinguished frowning black and dark on the party with lights below. If anything could represent the nature of the regions infernal, according to the ideas entertained of them in the present day, the present scene would most nearly ap- proach them. As the eye tried to pierce the thick heavy darkness above, it was easy to experience how repulsive such darkness was to the human mind. It was here the whole depth of the great seam of coal could be seen black and shining, slanting away high into the darkness above. This was the grand gallery, and a good idea could be enteitained of the immense supply of coal this one scam alone could 31 furnish. The holds arc worked in " lacks" to ihc riL;lit and left alternately, at equal distances. Proceeding- on, the passage became steeper and narrower, and it was necessary to step aside frecjuently to allow a " box" filled with coal from workinjr around to rush past, driven by a younij lookini^ 'f-i rt' imp with a black face and shiniuL;' eyes, with a lam]i flarini;- from his cap, who, as he passed, was shoulinj; most lustily to warn returning boxes of his approach. The ground, or rather coal, we walked on was wet and full of holes, containing the water which trickled from the sides, and fell in heavy black drops from above, and the unexperienced passengers had the delightful satisfaction of wading ankle deep into one of the many black holes. " Keep well to the left," cries our guide, as he heard the splashing of our feet in the water, '* we will soon be on drier ground." Groping, staggering, now rubbing close against the shining side as another box came rushing past, and then plunging boldly on, only to wade into another pool, there was nothing for it but to hold on to the flaming lamp, hardly lighting a foot ahead, and trust to luck for a dry footing. Three hundred feet underground, and fast pene- trating deeper and deeper into the bowels of the earth, l^'ar above our heads, on the surface, were the cottages of the miners, the trees, and the bright sun shining cheerily. It was hard to realise that it was so indeed. We now reached one of the doors for ventilating the pit. At this door stands another imp, whose duty it is to attend the door from morn- ing to night, and see that it is immediately shut on any one passing through. On the proper performance of this duty often the lives of all the workers in the pit depend. For let a current of gas once rush in or out and meet the light, and the consequences w-ill be an explosion, so often read of as occurring in the collieries of the old country. It was from the inattention of the door-keeper that an accident lately occurred in one of the largest pits in the north of England, in which over fifty lives were lost. But the blackened imj) seemed to be fully aware of the responsibility devolving upon him, for no sooner had we got through than the door was quickly closed with a slam. 02 The air was now closer, and in less quantity, ami the breathing- a trifle more difficult, but the ground was dry, and the sight better, and every one felt more comfortable. In the distance, shining the size of pins' heads, were 15 or 20 lamps of the miners at work. Upon arriving at the sj)ot, the miners could be seen, busy with i)icks and crowbars, dislodg- ing the coal from the seam. The men work in every position, and the labour is ver}'' haril. Some are beginning at the seam, and have the easy work of picking while stand- ing. Others, who have worked further into the seam, have made a passage for themselves, and are lyitig on their sides, others on the flat of their backs, or on their hands and knees. One miner was busy at work high in the gallery above the arch ; he had dug a large hole for himself, and, as we looked at him, was lying on his side, the whole weight of the pick falling on his arms. When they have penetrated a certain distance, a hole is drilled, and a blast made, detach- ing the coal in large pieces, which roll to the floor, and are broken before being put in the boxes. It is from the holes and seams that the dreaded gasses escape, carrying death and destruction with them ; but, fortunately, the mines of Nova Scotia are comparatively free from this danger, although in some places the greatest caution is necessary, and the Davy safety lamp is used. Venturing as high in the gallery as was prudent, a good view of the scene was ob- tained, and, upon regaining the floor, we returned by the same passage to the first crossing, where another bord runs into the one we now stood in. Jlcre were a number of l)oxcs waiting to run down to the shaft, and thundering up in the distance might be heard the empty boxes aj^proaching. The decline to the shaft being steep, the boxes are held back by a chain, and thus the horses are protected from the heavily laden boxes behind them. We were now taken to the engine-room, a clean nicely plastered apartment, the white walls contrasting refreshingly with the blackness and darkness outside. The engine was a large and powerful one, with two cylinders, and had been used for drawing the boxes up a steep incline from a distant seam not at present worked- Steam was furnished from the engine above ground by means of large iron pipes. Adjoining the engine-room was another comfortable looking apartment, known as the bar- room, and which had been put up on the occasion of the visit of his Royal Highness Prince Alfred, who was treated on his visit to the subterranean bar-room in a manner at once instancing the loyalty of the subjects of his beloved mother, although spending their hours of light and sunshine three hundred feet under ground. The miners yet speak of the visit of the Prince with much pleasure, and tell with great delight " that he even took a pick and dug a piece of coal himself." Long and interesting is the story they tell '* of how the black sides of the mines were white-washed, and looked so white that you wouldn't know them." Traces of the whitening process are yet visible here and there through the darkness. The stables were next visited, where the horses are kept, and are composed of wide and roomy stalls, in good order and very clean. On the opposite side of the bord are the pegs for hanging the harness, and adjoin- ing the stables are kept the hay, oats and. straw, which the horses eat with just as much satisfaction as their more enlightened quadruped brethren above. A large number of horses are employed in the mine, and many have never seen daylight for eight or ten years. They become quite accus- tomed to working in the dark, and are well cared for. A visit was then paid to another room, where the safety lamps are kept and material for mending harness, &c., &c. The safety lamps are the Davy and Clanney, very similar in con- struction, but different in action. The Clanney is considered the safest for a " greenhorn," or new hands as a rush of gas will put it out, and the beginners are thus very remarkably warned. The Davy lamp,. so well known and popular, is the best in the hands of experienced miners, who can tell from the burning of the gas within the wirework exactly how much and how dangerous is the gas they are surrounded with, l.eav- 3 t 84 « ing the store-room, we are again iiiulcr llic sIkiU, and so much has the sight improved that the evenly laid flags of the flooring can distinctly be distinguished. The ventilator is also seen, under wliich in winter a large fire is kept up, although the frost and snow above little affects the tempera- ture so far below. The dilfercnce in the temperature from the warm summer's day above was 20 degrees on the colder side, and parties descending should be very careful not to do so in a heated state, as the consequences are anything but comfortable for the time being, and may be less so at a later period. The miners stated that many Canadian ladies had visited them below, and, although very timid, enjoyed their visit amazingly. JMowing out the lamps, we are once again in the cage, and upon asking the honest overman, who had accom- panied us throughout with our attentive guide Hall, if we could do anything for him in Canada, he says, with a hearty shake of the hand, *' Only iake plenty of coal from us in Canada, and under this Confederation you will have to do it." ** Send the coal to us, we want it badly enough in Canada. So you are all Confederates here." " Oh, yes ; you can say you found Confederates 300 feet below the sur- face of the earth." " Yes, yes, that we will," and with a jerk the cage was rapidly ascending. A burst of bright light, a rush of warm fresh air, a dazzling of the eyes, and once again the blue sky is above, and the sun shines brightly around us. Douglas, the overman, was right ; it was hard to keep the face clean below, and to Call another worse than yourself would be for the pot to call the kettle black. Soap and water, kindly furnished us at the house of the underviewer, soon made us pale faces again, and, heartily thanking our kind guide again, the Dalhousie pit was left behind. THE MINERS' HOUSES. As stated before, the miners' houses are given to them rent free with the fuel, a nominal charge only being made for drawing. The houses of the miners are comfortable and clean looking, and are arranged in even order, many having 86 nice litllc ;^;inlcns in fnuit or bcsi.K; them. The inincis ;it present are paid accordin- to the quantity of coal they ex- tract, and the amount of pay to he received depemis upon their own industry. Tliey are all apparently very comfort- able, and if not. it is entirely their own fault. ICveiythino- about the Albion mines is in -ood order, and -ives evidence of a carefil management. 'I'he roads leadin- to the different mines of the company are in particularly -ood order, and it would be well for those whose duty it is to keep the roads of the County of Pietou in good repair to take a leaf out of the company's books in this matter. The ashes and cinders of the coal are used in makino- the mines roads, and these mn- tcrials being of a binding nature, the roads are made (irm and dry, and keep so during wet weather. Another letter must be devoted to the Acadia and other mines. COAL MINKS OF NOVi\ SCOTIA, THK ACADIA MINKS-THK STKLLAU C()AI,-TIIK I XTKKCOi.OM A 1 MINHS-THK ANTIS AXI> TIIK COAL TRADK. Nkw Glas(;o\v, 13th July, 1867. THK ACADIA MINKS. These mines are adjohiing the y\lbion collieries, and distant from New Glasgow two and a half miles. The mines are under the management of Mr. Jesse Hoyt, and are distinguished in the neighbourhood as the Iloyt Mines. There are two pits, the McGregor and the Acadia pits, both rich in the possession of a very superior quality of the black diamonds. The offices of the company are in the mines village, and are large and commodious, containing beautifully finished plans and maps of the seams of coal, their richness, and manner of working them. In the office are splendid samples of the coal taken from the Acadia, or I^ack Pit, and if the seams are only as profligate of such a quality of coal I II|f|l|ll,UHJIIB h -i^nmiLf !| 36 as the specimens indicate, the mines are a very valuable pro- perty indeed, and it is beyond a doubt they are. The mines are two "niles apart, and are being worked with average vigor. The seams of coal are from 1 2 to 20 feet in thickness, and reached by a slanting shaft, and very tiresome work it is to walk up and dqwn so steep an incline. The explanation of the interior of a colliery in a previous letter v/ill apply to this, and all other pits, although on a much smaller scale, for the bords are not high, and in some progress has to be made in a crouching position, or risk a severe knock on the head- The company have purchased the right of five miles of under surface, so their resources will be capable of yielding an enormous supply, should a demand necessitate it. The sur- face land is laid out in very convenient town lots, and the })roperty has much increased in value since its purchase. Near to the McGregor mine the Nova Scotia Railway passes, and it will be little trouble or expense to run a branch line into it. The country is well cleared and flat. ' rilK Sl'KLLAR COAI.. !* The grand feature of iL^se mines is their possessing tlic " Stellar Coal," from which a very valuable oil, giving a strong light, is manufactured. The oil is procured from retorts, the coal being subjected to a brisk fire, and yields one hundred and twenty gallons to the ton. An oil factory is established, and already a large quantity has found its way to a market, and is expected to be a source of future wraith. Five hun- dred tons of this coal have been forwarded to Scotland, and one hundred and twenty tons to the United States, and has been severely tested, the results proving highly satisfactory in both cases. The oil is well known by the name Albertite. The houses of the miners, near the collieries, are large and well built, two being put up together, and at some distance two more, and so on, in order to guard against fire, should it occur. The company are proprietors of two farms, on whicli they cultivate hay, oats, &c., &c., for the use of their horses. il:. SHfflE ^J7 THK INTERCOI-ON[AL MINKS, Better known as the Montreal Company's Mines, so eRlled from their representing Montreal capital, arc five miles from New Glasgow, and two from the Albion mines. The col- lieries are comparatively new, although a shaft was sunk, but abandoned by a former company from want of capital. The present company intend to prosecute the enterprise with energy, and they have sunk a number of trial shafts, which ■have resulted in the discovery of a rich abundance of the very best quality of coal. What has been taken out from the present shaft has proved this. The company have the material in their possession for the amassing of much wealth, and they have also the means for carrying on the work on a very large scale. The seam from which tue coal has hereto- fore been taken is igl feet thick, but it is confidently ex- pected that other seams exist of a far greater richness. The property is being rapidly cleared, and a number of large comfcrt-able dwellings are fast approaching a state of com- pletion. As the observer stands at the mouth of the shaft and witnesses the scene of activity, the sharp crack of the carpenter's hammer busy at work strikes the ear, leaving a pleasing impression of life and activity. A railway will have to be built to the Pictou branch, or, if the company feel dis- posed, as with the Albion Mines Company, may build one of their own to a landing plrce in the Bay of Pictou. It is to be hoped that the Montreal Company will meet with the success their enterprise is deserving of, and be a great source of supply to the great markets that will, doubtless, spring up before long in both Quebec and Ontario. With such a supply of coal at the very mouth of the St. Lawrence, and so great a scarcity of the material in the Canadas, the means of transportation in sufficient quantities is only wanted to give us a supply of coal in quantity, and at a cheapness hitherto unknown in this country. THE P5KAR CREEK, NOVA SCOTIA, AND GERMAN MINES Are not yet worked on so extensive a scale, but only require time and a demand as an incentive to increased operations. :',8 IllF, ANTIS AND THE CO.\[, I'KADK. The Antis say *' you will never tnke coal from us, for you have never done so before." Hut this, like all the other argu- ments of the Antis, is as silly and stupid as they surely re- present the narrow minds and dark days of past centuries. The return of the Government Inspector of Mines for Nova Scotia reports a steady increase in the coal trade with Ca- nada in late years, and that too, with the small craft engaged in the trade ; yet in the face of this the incredulous Antis stoutly persist in saying that a coal trade can never spring up in the Dominion. When I was at the office of Mr. Hud- son, Albion Mines, he told me that the large steamer " Her Majesty " was at the company's loading ground taking in a return cargo of coal — and a goodly cargo she takes — and when I passed the " loading ground " I saw the steamer at the wharf taking in the cargo. I was uncertain whether to 1)clieve the Antis or my own eyes. I preferred to do the latter. Anti-ism is anything but truthful. Let vessels in numbers sufficient and of capable size be put in the coal trade, and let them flood this country with coal ; the more the better. They can then afford to sell it cheap and mo- nopolize the market. There is no coal in Canada ; what we get is sold at a high price. Cord wood is fast getting scarce, and in most of our cities is very high. The more coal that comes the cheaper it will be, and th i greater will be its consumption. With no coal in Canada, and an inexhaustible supply at the mouth of the St. Lawrence, the Antis, if they only send it in sufficient quantities, need not fear a demand. But the bright Antis say, " You can get coals cheaper from l^^ngland and will take it from them." (It is necessary to tell Canadians that this argument, nonsensical as it is, is really used by the Antis.) They might as well tell the miner, who gets his coal for the ]H-ice of the cartage, to pay two dollars a cord and buy wood, for he has to pay for the conveyance of the coal to his dwelling. If the miner gets a wheelbarrow full, the oftener will he have to return to the mine, and the more time will :i9 he lose. Hut, if he takes a large waggon, a supply will be at once obtained that will last him for a long period. So it is with the coal trade. A few small sailing vessels, making long passages, have been engaged in the coal trade with Canada. A vessel of lOO tons cannot carry a cargo of coal at so cheap a rate, or in such quantity, as a vessel of i,ooo tons. ]5ut let numerous large vessels bring their thousands of tons of the needed c ^al to the Canadian market, and the Antis may rest assured as to the result. And that this will soon be done, is a certainty, for a new line of large and powerful steamers is about to be opened between Pictou, nine miles from the mines, and Montreal direct. THE NEW LINK OF STEAMERS. The first steamer arrived at Pictou about 1 8 days ago, and I had the pleasure of a careful inspection of the vessel, a day or two after ^ er arrival. She is named the " Flam- borough," and has been built at Sunderland, England, for the coal trade between Nova .Scotia and Montreal, and is fitted out with steam winches and all the modern appliances for unloading quickly. Tlie " Flamborough " is built of iron, and is a screw-steamer, the finest and best built on Canadian waters, and will carry a cargo of nearly looo tons of coal. On her return trip she will take other freight. Her arrival in Montreal may be daily expected with a heavy cargo of coal. Other vessels of a like capacity will quickly follow, and the lOO tons washing-tub craft with the Antis will be left in the cold shades of past days. When I told the Antis, who persisted a coal trade was an impossibility, that the first of a new and powerful line of steamers would soon arrive, they said : " Aye, she is coming like the good time for Nova Scotia with you Canadians. Just zvait until the steamer does come, will you." The fine steamer has come. What do the Antis say to that } With those steamers good times will soon be revived, and the coal mines set in vigorous operation once again, or I will be quite willing to acknowledge the superior judgment of the II ! Antis. Mr, Halifax, 40 II. I). Higginson is agent for the steamers in MINES VILLAGE. The mines village has sprung up in the vicinity of the col- lieries, and is a very superior place in intelligence and ap- pearance to New Glasgow, and other villages of the same size. As compared to former days, the place is very quiet, the result of the stagnation in the coal trade. A pretty little Episcopal chapel, the only one in the district, stands in the village, and is well attended. A cricket club, formed by the young miners, is a source of amusement and healthy exercise, and in a match, lately played with the Pictou club, the miners were vict6rs by a handsome number of runs. A number of shops of respectable size, well filled with assorted stocks, suit the varied tastes and fancies of the inhabitants. The train from Halifax to Pictou stops every trip at the mines village, which is a regular station, and a handsome station-house is being rapidly tompleted. The miners are hospitable and kind-hearted, and they are deserving of the plenty of work and good pay yet in store for them. CITY OF HALIFAX — AND APPEARANCE — RAILWAYS — PUBLIC BUILDINGS. Halifax, July 14. "STANWICK" AND "DUSTER." As I see by files of the Evening Telegraph which have reached me, that a certain correspondent, " Stanwick," and another, " Duster," have both discharged their vials of wrath at your correspondent, and seem to doubt my experience and capability of judging, I may be pardoned for a digression in order to assure both those gentlemen they need entertain no fear on either head. My intention is to faithfully and impartially describe the real appearance of the cities and places I visit, and the position that 41 parties really occupy — in other words, to tell the truth, however disagreeable it may be to the Antis, and very disagreeable it must be to the more intellligent of that class to have it so publicly brought before the people of Canada, who are their political associates, and the amount of intelligence possessed by the disunion party. As to my experience and capability of forming an opinion, I will tell those gentlemen that, having been brought up in the largest and most enterprising cities of Great Britain, and having travelled through a large portion of the great denfo- cracy called the United States, and of many other parts of the world, doubtless a far greater portion than either " Stan- wick" or "Duster" have seen, I flatter myself I am in a b' iter position to form a correct opinion than either of those indignant correspondents. " Stanwick " in his letter falls into an error common to all amateur writers, and very thoughtlessly, not to say impertinently, presumes to state that, coming in contact with Dr. Tupper on board of the steamer from Portland to St. John, has had some influence over my sentiments and assertions in regard to the treason- able utterances of Mr. Howe, the great anti-confederate. To set that gentleman at rest on that score, I may state that I did not speak more than a dozen words to the honourable gentleman on the passage, and not one word was spoken about politics. " Stanwick " is thus guilty of a presumption, the falseness of which is certainly very humiliating to one who would use the term " liar " as applied to Dr. Tupper. A little more experience in the rules of society and polite discussion v^/ould have saved " Stanwick " from the sorry exhibition he has made of himself as a critic. CITY OF HALIFAX. Returning from New Glasgow to Halifax, the passenger arrives at the depot of the Nova Scotia Railway. At the station awaits the Street Railway cars, which run through all the principal streets and past the hotels of the city ; and the visitor, without much baggage, for the small sum of seven u 42 cents, can be taken to the door of the hotel he chooses without the annoyance of half a dozen cab-drivers quarellinf;- about him. The station is about two miles from the city. Halifax is truly a city of clap-board buildings, shingles and street railways. In many streets the railway track, being double, monopolizes the whole width of the street, and many is the carriage and cart that is at times placed in jeopardy ; but this rarely occurs. They ruii up the steepest ascents, and down steep inclines, but they are a great convenience, antl, what is better, pay well, as the enterprising proprietor well deserves they should. The houses and many of the buildings are painted a sombre brown colour, giving the city a quaint appearance to one accustomed to cities of stone or brick. The private dwellings, whatever their appearance may be externally, are furnished within in the most hand- some manner, and are very comfortable. It must not be supposed that there are no brick dwellings in the city ; on the contrary, there are many handsome brick structures ; and Granville street, the fashionable promenade, although a short street, contains some very large and commodious stores, well stocked with valuable goods in quantity and variety to suit the tastes of all the world and his wife. The Halifax people are very proud of their main street, and they have every reason to be so. The houses of Parliament are built of stone, and conveniently situated in the centre of the city. The Provincial buildings, recently erect /I, and close beside them, are also built of stone, having a very solid and substantial appearance. The Club-House is a very res- pectable building. The wharves are principally made of wood, and are regarded as private property ; the storehouses for the reception of consigned cargoes being 1:>uilt on them. The Horticultural Gardens are well worthy of a visit, and are kept in beautiful order. On driving into the city by the street-cars, the Wellington Barracks are very conspicuous, commodious, and well built ; they afford room for a large number of men. The hospitality of the Maritime Provinces is proverbial ; and, in this respect, Halifax, and St. John, li New IJriinsv.'i k, are well wcrthy of so crc(lital)lc a notoriety. One remarkable feature in Halifax is the decided Britisli appeal ance, m.r./.ier and ]anj:,aia,2:e of its inhabitants, and it is to be sincerely hoped they will ever remain so. Imnie- ci lately on entering Halifax, you are at once made aware of the fact, that you are in an English city. The young men are gentlemanly in their choice of language and manner ; much more so than is the case in the Provinces of Quebec and ' Ontario. How often do the youth of our cities take a seem- ing pride and delight in imitating our democratic neighbours of the United States, in choice of expression and pattern of dress .'' Mistaking a " loud" style of costume and a mouthful of Yankee slang for manliness and independence, they make sorry representatives of the Saxon and Celtic races it should be their pride to have descended from. In Halifax this is not so ; bronzed and healthy-looking, breathing the exhila- rating breezes fresh from the Atlantic, the youth are manly ^ and thoroughly British in every respect, and are true repre- sentatives of the land of their birth. And it would be an unpardonable omission to forget the lovely daughters of Halifax. Lady-like in appearance and refined in manner, fair and blooming in complexion, they are pretty in every sense of the word, and impress the stranger very forcibly as If such. "Duster" should see them, and perhaps he would f I pardon me for calling the young ladies of his country " pale in complexion and sallow in appearance " as compared to ' them. Had he seen their pretty faces and elegant style of dress on the common at Halifax, as they assembled to witness the Review in honor of Confederation Day, he would be of ji the same opinion. ji The harbour of Halifax is too well known as one of the ;' finest in the continent of America to need any description. I It is as open in winter as it is in summer, and, as to depth, suffice to say the "Great Eastern" found ro difficulty in getting plenty of water, and had she been three times her size there would have been as little trouble. Halifax is beautifully situated, and one of the finest views to be enjoyed anywhere 44 can be had from the Citadel. The City is situated at the base of a hill . The paymaster of the road, who was an eye witness of the scene, related the incident as given by me. A FEMALK AN 11. A conversation that occurred on the train, between a T .V2 f respectable farmer's wife sitting beside me in the car, and another a scat or two further off, will be a good instance of the expansive views entertained by tlie country people of Anti-land in the nineteenth century, in regard to railways. I give it word for word. When near New Glasgow, the lady furthest away cried out in a very loud voice : " This is a very speedy way of getting home, Mrs. j McDonald." I Mrs. McD. — " Aye, it is, l?ui I prefer travelling in my ozvi. I conveyance. Still it's a very handy way of getting home." ( i Unknown Lady. — " To be sure you have more of your I \ way in your own conveyance, and can go at your own speed, I but it is much speedier and more comfortable this way." Mrs. McD. (doubtfully.)—" Yes, no doubt." I There was an ally for the opponents of Confederation in ' ; Canada for you. Such are the expansive minds of the people they have to go hand and hand with in opposition to , the scheme and the Government that carried it. It is easy to account for the strength of Mr. Howe. He tells these people that Canada is bankrupt, that they only wish a connexion for the purpose of gaining a better credit, and that the people of Nova Scotia have been sold body and bones for eighty cents a head. And they believe him. The secret of Mr. Howe's influence is the credulity of the people. I ' CONVERSATIONS. Meeting hu intelligent Anti, I asked him : Will you tell me why are you an Anti } i Because we have been sold, forced into this connection without being consulted. Neither were the people of Upper or Lower Canada consulted, and yet they are almost a unit on this question. Well, they should have been asked. But they do not seem to think so. The people had every confidence in their representatives, and there was no necessity for putting the country to such expense. It 1 is the duty of your representatives to legislate for you. I rmmm 53 now a law. Of what use is this high ' 4 I, Confederation is feeling ? We are going to turn out the men that sold us. Well, that is for you to settle among yourselves. Have you any objection to a plan of Confederation .'' No. Well, why your objection to this one.'' I don't like it. Upon asking him why, he stated that they were not fairly represented, and, among other objections, stated the Govern- ment was a worthless one, &c., &c. Had he been consulted he would have been a Confederate. But he was wrong in his opinion of the Government. It was the best they had ever had, and had done more for the country than any before. But all this was forgotten, and a Government that had done so much for the country was not to be trusted with the passing of Confederation. This good Government at once became worthless because the people were not consulted on the question. Upon asking an Anti of the second class, his reasons for opposition, the following conversation ensued : — Yes, sir, I am Anti, because we are going to have no good out of the plan. You will build a railway to flood our market with your butter, cheese and p "luce, and undersell us ; and we will be heavily taxed for uit building of the road to ruin us. Then you are opposed to the Intercolonial Railway, and the opening of your country ? No ; we want the Railway, but we cai> have it without Confederation. Oh, I see you want to derive all the benefit without paying for it. But if a railroad is to be built, you must pay your share. But what about the produce coming down in such quantities ? Why, you will Hood us with cheese and butter, which you make better than we can, and our farmers will be ruined. And so they deserve to be, if with such a splendid country they are too lazy or ignorant to make a better article. But I I I 54 I cannot understand how it will pay to send these articles such a distance to compete with a market on the spot ; how- ever, it will be all the better for the country, if such is the case ; for your farmers will have to learn to make as good an article as we make in Canada, and you will have the better food. But our farmers don't know how. Then we will send our Canadians to teach you how, or you can send a deputation to Canada ; but they must pay their own expenses, and your farmers and their wives will take a lesson and learn to make as good butter and cheese as they send you ; and if you are not able then on the spot to sell as cheaply and monopolize the market, you are not fit to live. Take it any way this sending of produce you so much dread will benefit you. The railroad once built, your ports open all the year round will be an outlet for the lumber, grain and produce of our immense country, that at present finds an outlet at Portland, and a new impetus will be given to your cities. Communication will be direct, instead of taking nearly a week to get at you over a rough sea. You will have a mail every day, instead of never seeing a Canadian paper. As it is there is only a mail twice a week to Halifax. In fact you will be brought into contact with the world, and you may depent' upon it, if access is easy, your country will be overrun by Canadians. I am only afraid when they see such 3 fine country they will stay here altogether. That's all very fine, but we are doing very well ourselves. That's very false. Since the abrogation of the Reciprocity Treaty your coal trade has been at a stand still, the thousands of miners are living on a prospect and half-pay. This place is even at a stand still. You offer opposition to the opening of your country, and are getting on in a one-horse way. It suits us. I suppose we can do as we like. Once upon a time you could, but not now ; for if, as you say, you are to be overrun by Canadians, you will have to work hard, and I know you would rather be at a stand still. Canadians both in town and country have to work hard to 55 get a living, and they will not leave you alone if they can do better here. To save yourselves you will have to work hard also. Pleasant prospect, isn't it ? We don't like Canadians, nor your government ; you are too extravagant. I know you don't, but we like this fine country of yours, abounding in coal and minerals, the very things we want. And we will make a fine country of yours. Oh ! you needn't tell me such humbug ; you will never take coal from us, you can get it cheaper from the old country. The vessels bring it to you in ballast, and you get it from the States. I am glad to hear we are so plentifully supplied with what we want so badly. But your coal never came to us in any quantity. You never had enterprise enough to try the experiment, and you had a good market at the time, and didn't care for another. Ikit your dear American friends treated you very badly, and spoilt your market. Just send us as much coal as you can really send, and see if it won't monopolise the market, and be ti source of wealth to your country. That's all very fine, but I can't see it ! Of course as an Anti you will think so. You want to be left alone in your narrow mindedness. You want us to build a railway for your benefit at our expense. You call a government and people extravagant, that you know nothing about, but have been told that they are so. And instead of rejoicing at the prospect of having a large trade opened with your neighbors, you try to raise every objection possible, and indulge in gloomy forebodings. You evidently prefer to deal with the United States, and would go down on your knees to them to renew the Reciprocity Treaty. And that after their conduct to you. Such a spirit will cause you to be despised by your Canadian friends. In your disloyalty, you are like the Rouge, Annexation and Anti-confederate party of Canada, but they are more cunning than you are. Those arc the men who are your allies in Canada. l. \ m 66 \Vc will deal with the people that have the best market. But tell me how you can send coal to a country that you say supplies us with it. We have no coal in Canada. Why, if the States supply us, can they not supply themselves } l^ecause they get coal cheaper from you with a duty you say. Why cannot we with coal duty free, get it as cheaply ? AN'ri AR(;L'MKNrs OK rilK lllIRI) (..LASS. I am Anti because the country has been sold. But your men of wealth in Halifax with large fortunes are the most of them Confederates. If their country is ruined they have much more to lose than you that have nothing at all. But Tupper and the rest are so because they will be bettered by it. But your leader, Mr. Howe, was once a Confederate, and a very strong one. Was he not .'* He can change if he likes, can't he .'' Yes, but you should find out his motives and policy for such a change. A short* time ago he said Confederation was a grand thing. To-day he says ijt is a curse, and goes so far as to say he will fight if necessary. Will you fight also .-* Yes, sir, if it comes to that. Then you and your leader will be rebels, that's all. Well we are not going to join people we hate. The Canadians are too smart for us. Were you ever in Canada .-* Did you ever associate with Canadians .-* No. Then why do you say they are such scamps ? Because we have been told so. Oh, you believe everything you are told, eh ! Then you must believe the moon is made of green-cheese, because you have been told so. Go to Canada, and to Montreal and other cities. See the people, and then form an opinion of them. The enlightened people of Canada read both / K I « • n u sides of the qucslion, then form an opinion. You sliould do the same. It is very despicable to abuse a people you know nothing of. i i ^ Tuppcr had the cheek to tell the people at home that It was no use submitting the scheme to us, for we were not capable of dealing with it. And Dr. Tupper was right if he did say so. You are fast provmg the truth of his remark. He is your own country- man, and knows how to deal with you. It must not be thought that the' above conversations are nnagmary. Far from it ; they really occurred, but at much greater lengh than can be given, and the language was more bitter. In givmg vent to a bitter feeling, the language was in keeping. FROM PICTOU TO ST. JOHN. PRINCK EDWARD l.SLAND-CHARLOTTKIOWX-SHKDIAC-.ST JOHNS. Once more on the Nova Scotia Railway, and soon New Glasgow with its anti population is left behind. In about twenty minutes Fisher's Grant is reached, and here a ferrv- steamer is waiting for the conveyance of passengers to Pictou on the other side of the bay. Pictou is beautifully situated, and is far ahead of New Glasgow m appearance and intelligence of its inhabitants. No time is allowed for a run into the town, for the good steamer " Princess of , Wales" is waiting with steam up to start for Shediac, via Prince P^dward Island. The passengers have just time to get on board, the ropes are cast off, the good byes said, and away sails the " Princess," her bow pointing for. the clear blue water ahead. The scenery is very fine in leaving the Bay of Pictou, and as the steamer runs rapidly out to sea the sea breeze comes sweep- ing in with refreshing effect. A delightful passage of four 58 iKJiirs, and wo arc ciUering llic magnificent harbour of Charlottetown, the capital of Prince Edward Island, and no mean city. The harbour is, indeed, a large and splendid one. As we near the city, the island presents a very beautiful appearance, the red cliffs on the shore covered to the very edge with a luxuriant green, contrasting with the snow white beach with charming effect. Into the harbour three rivers empty themselves, the east, north, and west rivers, the waters of which can be seen stretching away far inland. Approach- ing nearer the city, the Government House and Catholic Cathedral are conspicious, and while the eye is lost in admi- ration of the pretty scene, the steamer runs alongside the wharf, and we are informed that in a very short time she will be off again for Shediac. However, a stroll into the city re- veals wide red sand.stone streets, a novel sight in themselves ; shops of respectable size, and strong healthy looking inhabi- tants. As there had been a grand Orange procession during the day, the city was gay with bunting, and numbers of the fair sex were promenading the principal thoroughfares — and very fair and pretty were the young ladies of Charlottetown, and, I believe, as a general rule, this is strictly true. A loud whistle from the steamer necessitates a hasty retreat on board, and again is the " Princess" under way. With the departure of daylight, the comfortable well-lighted saloon of the steamer is filled with a sociable group of passengers, and many are the opinions expressed as to the benefits of this Confederation, and grave are the considerations as to what should be the duty of Prince Edward Island in the present critical state of affairs. A Montrealer on board horrified the Islanders by stating that the Island would make a grand watering place for the Dominion, and startling as his proposi- tion seemed to the ' .dignant Charlottetown ians, it is a far greater probability than that Prince Edward Island will remain in the state of isolation it at present enjoys. Retiring to a comfortable state-room, after a refreshing night's rest we awake to find ourselves at vShediac, on the north-eastern shore of New Brunswick. In the harbour are a number of vessels ' ' »• {• 59 of large tonnage, loading with deal for Euiopean ports ; the deals are made in the interior, and brought down to the water's edge, are floated off to the vessels waiting to receive them. The New Brunswick Railroad runs down the wharf to within a few feet of the stream, and the passenger has only to step from the boat to the train now ready to start for the city of St. John. ]iefore leaving the good and staunch steamer that has carried us from Pictou to the present landing place, I must not forget the kindness of the gentlemanly captain, or the indefatigable exertions of the energetic steward to ensure the comfort of his passengers while on board. No one who goes by Halifax should think of returning to either St. John or Portland by any route but by this ; the journey by rail and boat is as pleasant as could be desired, with the advantage of a visit to Prince Edward Jsland, and a sight of its beautiful harbour and scenery. We are now on the New l^runswick Railway, and a smoother or better . built line cannot be found in the Dominion ; the cars are well finished and commodious, and the rate of travel, as contrasted with many Canadian lines of the same length, very fast. Si)ace will not permit an extended discription of the fine scenery witnessed or the many pretty little stations passed, which might furnish material for, many more letters, but the attention of the traveller cannot but be attracted by the lovely scenery as the train rushes through the verdant Sussex Valley. Nine miles from St. Jofm is the lovely village of Rothesay, con- taining many beautiful villas, the summer retreats of the merchants of St, John. A little while longer, and ahead are seen the steeples and buildings of the city of St. John ; the whistle shrieks and the train runs into the well-built station > the terminus of the New Prunswick Railway. Hailing a cab, we shortly arrive at the Waverlcy House, where dinner is awaiting, and as the morning's journey has been pro- ductive of an appetite that might well be the envy of a dyspeptic, the curtain must drop until the substantial fare of the Waverley House has been discussed. no SI' JOHN. 9 An American from lioston, who visited St. John, ridiculed its appearance, poked fun at its inhabitants, and no doubt in so doing imaf^ined he distinguished himself. He certainly did distinguish himself, as an unblushing liar, and the man came from Boston ! The man who could come from Boston and criticise the appearance of a city so disparingly as the lying Boston writer has done, is not only devoid of veracity, but must surely be so ignorant of the delightful cowpath and "Hub of the Universe" notoriety enjoyed by the city he hailed from, as to become a curiosity. The traveller or business man who visits St, John, witnesses the magnificient situation of the city, enjoys the lovely surrounding scenery, and experiences the hospitality of the inhabitants, and cannot be favourably impressed, should remain at home ever afterwards ; he is hardly a fit subject to be let loose from the maternal apron strings. I must confess I was not prepared for the agreeable surprise I experienced in visiting St. John ; this was, perhaps, in consequence of my having been led to believe from another quarter that the city was more below the ordinary than, as it really is, far above it. One very strik- ingfeature at once noticed, is the broad streets and sidewalks, and the compact manner in which the city is built — the streets running paralled from the harbour ; this, in all cases, has been strictly adhered to, the benefits of which will be more apparent at a future period when the city has assumed greater proportions. Although, like Halifax, St. John is mainly composed of wooden buildings, yet the main street can show some very large and fine blocks of brick, and the wooden structures are fast giving way to others of more substantial material. The drives from the city to the neighbourhood are numerous and charming, and a very favourite one is to the beautiful village of Rothesay afore-mentioned. The cemetery s of great extent, prettily wooded, well laid out, and, when 1* ' € e I II I : \l li\ riiiishcil, will be a fit rcstiiii; i)lacc for llio remains of the loved ones j^one before ns. Il is situated a short distaiiee from the eity. St. John can boast of one of the lar,-;est and finest skatini; rinks in the Dominion, many bein^- of tiie opinion that it is equal to the famous Victoria Rink of our city. J^ut, in the writer's opinion, it does not afford such a large unbroken surface of ice as the Victoria, the pillars in the centre, from which the supports for the roof branch off, making a break in the ice. The St. John Rink is built in the shape of a huge dome, and does not present a very imposing ai)pearance from the exterior, but an inside view conveys some idea of its extent, and it admirably answers the purpose for which it was constructed. Driving across the suspension ])ridge, a marvel of engineering skill, a lovely view is obtained of the St. John river, and of scenery in the back-ground, which I shall not presume to describe. Tlie asylum for the insane is in the Portland suburb, and is a large, well-constructed edifice, and is admirably conducted and managed. Carleton and Portland constitute the suburbs of the city. But what shall I say of the fair girls of St. John ? Simply, that for really fine women, St. John is unrivalled in either Upper or Lower Canada. This may be said, in fact, of New Brunswick generally. Toronto and Quebec may boast of their fair daughters, with every reason, but they must yield the palm to St. John. Sad has been the havoc ])layed with the hearts of British and Canadian visitors by the fair girls of New Brunswick, and no wonder. I met a number of Canadians who were all victims, all caught in the snares of Cupid. " The young ladies all seem to be good- looking here at any rate," I said to a gentleman from Toronto, who had been sometime in the city. " You better believe it," he said, and then he candidly admitted, " I do not intend to return without one of them as my better half I can tell you." •' I give you credit for your sense," I remarked ; " I am happy to see you are so practical a Unionist. We shall be much more closely united to New i'd nrunswick, I ciiii Siilcly predict, when our yoiin*;" Canadians visit this part of our new Dominion." " iXnd glad we will be to see you too," said a hearty young New lirunsw'ekian^ who was one of the group ; " all the Canadians have been smitten with our lady friends, and those who are not so susceptible, at least speak in the highest praise of them. Are you making a long stay ?" " No, I am happy to say, for my own })eace of mind, I leave by boat to-morrow morning." " Well, you can speak favourably of the New Brunswick girls when you get home." " Indeed I can and will ;" and when this catches the eye of my St. John friend he will see I have kept my word, at the risk of being- thought a " very horrid fellow" by the young ladies of our more western part of the Dominion. Bui who ever heard of a literary man with a heart .' Besides, the truth must be told. The St. John young ladies are unrivalled, and woe be to the bachelor who so far forgets himself as to place himself within the power of their charms. His chances of future single blessedness are few. If any are sceptical, let them put the truth of my remarks to the test. I only wish that all who visit St. John may enjoy their visit as much as I did. My stay at St. John was as pleasant as I could desire, and my imi)ressions of both place and people are of so j^leasing a nature, that many a day will elapse before I will forget them. I do not offer this as a description of the city or surrounding scenery. My visit was of too brief a nature, and my note-book too full, to l)ermit of giving the detailed account I would wish to have done. I have been immcrcifully dealt with by my antiquated Anti news|)aper friends of Halifax for simply stating the truth ; but hard names break no bones, and they have little effect in marring the happy nature of a very delightful journey. Mr. Livingstone, of the Moniifig Telegraph, and Mr. Elder, of the Morning yournal, of St. John, practically illustrated the kindness and hospitality so proverbial of the Maritime part of our Dominion. I have to acknowledge much kindness \ \ I I 6a « I ( from l)olh these .i;"oiUlciiU'ii, and dlTiccrs of tlicii" sUills. Nor must I omit to mLMition my jolly iViciul (iutliric, of the Wavciiey House, who. although he had his house full to the ceilin.i;, had time to prove a very nicreeable laiuUord. His house will be found the head-quarters for all Canadians, and if he is not wonderfully changed, will prove as agreeable a host as I have stated him to be. I was fortunate, on leaving St. John, to catch the fine steamer "New York" again, and on a lovely morning we steamed out of the harbour of St. John. The good old city is left behind, and the steamer is smoothly rushing through the water on her way to Portland. A pleasant and smooth passage brings us to Portland at five a.m. The glad intelligence reaches us that a train will start for Montreal at seven, which gives us only two hours to wait. Seven o'clock found us on "board the cars, and a few minutes more we are rattling on our way home. The incidents of the journey on this route, have already been given. As we neared the White Mountains, the crinoline was still waving. Alas! Crinoline. Island Pond, with its usual weary stay is endured. Richmond, St. Hyacinthe, St. Hilairc, are i)assed. A little while longer St. Lambert is reached, and soon the lights of the city are seen twinkling through the darkness. Rushing through the Victoria Bridge, once more we are at the IJonavcnture Station. Stepping on the platform, " Mere's yer Rvcnhig Tclegniphl' is shouted in our ear. Montreal and the Evi.ning Tclcgrapli. What more can we desire. We are indeed at home at last. To the public I would say, if yon wish a delightful journey — a health-giving excursion l^y rail and ocean, — go to St. John, and by all means take the round trip by Halifax, Pictou, Charlottetown, Shediac, and back again to St. John. ■p-«jG©8^*" T W. H. SMITH & CO.. anufetturtrs' Ijents ani §mn\ ||ltrt|ants, lfe« & «0 Hospital Street, IMPORTERS TO OBDER OP China, Glass, and Earthenware ; Plumbers' & Sanitary Ware of every description in Porcelain ; Iron Mangers, Stable and Harness Eoom Furniture ; Tessellated and Encaustic Flooring Tiles for Churches, Halls, Conservatories : Hearths, Portable Stove Stands, &c.; Out Crystal Brackets and Gasaliers. ESTABLISHED 1859. HENRY R. GRAY, t!Spjeiiiik| & Jamil 144 ST. LAWBENCE MAIN STREET, Country Physicians supplied with Genuine Drugs cheap for Cash. C. W. REICHLING, ^41]^@ *>» 568 CRAia STREET, MONTREAL. Late Master Tailor 23rd R. W. Fusiliers. n 1 n ' 1 1 . i ^mw-; S. H. MAY & CO., (Successors to Corse & May) IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN Paints, Oils, Varnishes, Glass, &c., IVo. 47-4 St- r»aul Street, (opposite their old .store) and 495 COMBIISSIONERS STREET, ARCHIBAID & EICHAEDSON, mn&m & if mm wmimm IMPORTERS AXD GENERAL DEALERS IN '''•• 4c., i-c, Nos. 39S & 394 Notre Dame Street, S. R. PARSONS, Itx ?ini Constantly in stock a large assortment of Furniture in all its varieties Arranged in liglit and spacious Show Koouis. Mahogany, Walnut Oak Chesnut, and Ornamental Bed Room Suites, m Great Variety of Styles. Drawing Room & Dining Room Suites, Mattrasses, Pillows. &c. All Goods delivered free to an, pa^^TTe City, and to i3oat.s and Eail.ax. I / saWS" 'f I [ \ t KSTAB1.ISHKD 1S18. SAVAGE &. LYMAN, i^ne wii!?eji3 4 mm umium SILVER AND ELECXHO-PLATED WARE. CATHEDRAL BLOCK, 271 Notre Dame Street, N. B. — Sole Ageuts in Canada for the celebrated U. Narilin Watch. J. CARLISLE, FURNtTORE WAREROOMS, le^^j^ 4^2 & 404 Notre Dam© Street, Agent for Patent ^ ^r^^ SELF-ROCKING CRADLES. UX ASSORTIMENT COMPLET DE MEiJBLES POUIl MAISONS ET BUREAUX Des ineillours Materiaux et Manufactures. 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