IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) // f4> m^ Q, A 4cJ K^ 1.0 I.I 1.25 ■ 50 lU 1^ 1^ IIM 1.8 U IIIIII.6 JW c* ^. Photograplnc Sciences Corporation ^ a>- \ f the ' that i Mary makii bettej ment count feel n -will gi — Th( submi raising sown, The t« be 7<^^y/ i^ Mivttttom ^l^i" ^ r "\ TO THOSE WHO RAISE "TOBACCO INTHIS PROVINCE. "Of all the plants known to the vvn'tAi- f^u^^^^ • edandcomposodof the richest, B^rS^t' and 2i? i""."'-'*"^' . and also the most delightful ingreSt^ ThoTni'^f'^'*'"?' then that al classes of ererv roimt^v on/ r ^^ wonder vage to the civi'' d cart o7m^nt-^ ^ i"^ chme, from the sa- ' fV.«;^- \''''*'F° '3 tfae staple production of the soil that IS tora.se money on in the southern Dart of Maryland where I came from, every person th«/ makmg more or less of it, I exoect th-f* I^L • mtrofT",!"'" "^"r' '''^ eS t/r„i':! ment of Tobacco than most of the neoole in thi. country And though I am a stranger here vet I fee much interested in the raising of tSo^^iI -Thr'jnfi "'•" '"'■«™««»" that Hes \^"nj^l^^ / I^bmPf f!^ Tl'?^^ "'■•' '^ '■«" observations; w Wch I ra"So? Toh "'" V"" '"'t ""y '^"y eonceTned in idising ot lobacco, from the timp thaf fK^ r,-.^^ • sown, until it is put in th^ hogsh^d. '' ""' '^^ " ^, ^f ground suitable for Tobacco • ' "•-"' ''S"*'- sandy loam ; if it iian a c&yey «« '* yi** '«#■ I I ?^->i w .ift •iA,m^s« much the better -An ^^^.^^ Knf,rs r ctfov::" i:a i'.o. of . ,ooa qualitv as in ihc former. . . fi ..1 «n the. nroner soil for planting To- lIavio« fixed on the P'OP y^ ^ ,,jj ^p bacco, the l»»^°;f,'';;, "of October, or the first sometime in the '?tter pari answers many week or ten days '".^^'''"XL, ", remedy against valuable purposes, 't^- ^^.l^^fto ;oung'pla«ts of the grub ^vorm, a g ea e" y^^j^_ ^^^ ^^_ S ;t soT it dtolves clods, and greatly as- sistsin pulverising the ground Of the Plant Beds. 1 • f ,„,io,1 for Tobacco beds ought to Th9 gvound interned ^<» J° ,^^ fy, t„o„„ch be very m\i, and laj •" " "'J .^ u„g pUmts : it moisture does "f/^l'^ "^„f earefuH y dug up, and ought to ''<> ^f ^r ' ^J te tak«" »"♦' for it can- all'the roots and ;^.<'^^^7;^;%Lter. that the less not be too often h -cd to in f t^e better every clods Uc. that he nas m ^'S la"^ ^". ^^ ^ thing g.-o^«thath3putsm. ... Burn.. S.^ g^^^^^^ is necessary on '"»"y , ^'oHegeUblcs grow best on observed, that all ^'^ °' ;;|i^ed by the fire, it al- earth that has been ^^«" «f l^'^^, ^^^a grasses that souilis m.nyseedBO thej^eeds^a^^ . otherwise wo.dd 'n'';f J"„„utto be sown in the the quantity of .eed t^t °"gbH° '>e^„ judgment ■ tliturtrbTstrSsUley are apt t. d.e ff feen traiisplafiteil. ous Ot the lat- AS good ing "To- jhetl up the first rs many ' against plants of rest me- eatly as- onght t© too much slants: it p; up, and for it can- X the less iter every le ground generally )W best oil J fire, it al- rasses that lants. Of own in the judgment lick in the :end«r that apt t* die W preparing ground for planting, distance of one plant from another ^c. The land that is intended for Tobacco, ought to be ploughed up as early in the spring as ci?cum^ stances will permit,, then to be well roiled and ra^l betteMhi/' 1 •'''''"/'' '^'^) l^»sbandmen, that the oeiter the land is pulverised *' the better every thlntr grows that is put in it "-In Maryland they^gene"? dllyg.ve about three feet distance from one plant to another but where the land U very rich, a little more, and as the land is much richer in this province (particularly on the River Thames,) than it is ia any part of Maryland w.iere they raise Tobacc© 1 think the plants ought to be at least froni three feet two inches to three ie^^t four inches a- parr, it must be obvious to every person, who ever paid any attention to the subject, how badly a plant grows in the shade, of course when Tobacco IS planted too close, one half of the leaves on the stalk are robbed of a due proposition of light and air, and all the lower leaves will be thin and chaffy. I would advise the intelligent planter to make ex- periments, and on soils of equal strength to plant some Tobacco at three feet apart and some at three teet four inches, he will then be better able t« judge which is best. Of the cultivation of Tobacco. We will now suppose the Tobacco planted and growing, but little hoe work is necessary.— In Ma- ryland where men have level land to work and but few hands to do it, their Tobacco is weeded out with the hoe, they afterwards cultivate it with the plough, and indeed in new hiily land after their Tobacco IS weeded out (provided their land is rich) t \ ^ ,1 „,»,.lme after, without it be to chop they seldom use the l.oe after ^^ f tUe up the weeds, "^"^ ^1° s^„ters have the slovenly sapling stumps, for t)w V a ^.^^^ standing practice of 'e'^^^^S ''l^„5\Ct is used to cultivate in the Sra"n tops and suchm. . k^ laia ilown for breaking oft , No P-c«e ru e ca„ he -d down ^^ the tops of Tobacco, ^*' . „ nerally the tops broke off at different he.^ts.„en ,^ ^^^ ^^^ ought to be b^te off pv enougn^^^ ^^^^^ itre -ofn'afthelotfon^ :;^{^the ^ps^^JS "^ too Wgh "-^XStTiJ • tt l^^^^^^ leaves i7^tf'a'good°coir. » 1 the nly ling rate are ;hey mall v.— ' geof ason is irt IV so t his i; tiie rorm, at the they jinder, every em. dngoff gto be e tops he top will get e broke ripe, of r leaves nes "Will led up hi >re bere- ff carlyi tor if they grow too long they rob the leaves of too much substance, which makes them thin and chaf- ty, the first crop of suckers consists of only four or hve sprouts, the second crop generally comes out from the top of the stalk to the bottom, and they ought to be l^roken off early, for if they be sullered to grow too long, they not only impover- ish ine leaf, but endanger the breaking it off with the sucker. If the weather was to continue al- ways dry, it would not make much difference how open a house was to cure Tobacco in, provided it would keep the dew off, but as we live in a climate where rainy spells of weather are frequent, the houses that Tobacco is put in, ought not only to keep the ram off, but the damp air too. If th« house that Tobacco is cured in has an earthen floor, the planter will find it very convenient on ac- count of getting his Tobacco in order when he goes to packing, of this more hereafter.— When the Tobac.o is ripe, it ought to be cut as soon as possible, for it gets nothing by staying in the ground, but on the contrary, it is liable to many accidents, such as rainy spells of weather, high winds, hail storms, &.C. Of cutting Tobacco, When Tobacco is ripe enough to be cut, it may be known by the texture of the leaves, they feel firmer than those that are green, and have a curly appearance, and in light sandy land the leaves actually change their colour when they are nearly ripe, from a deep to a light green, bordering on yellow, generally two or three days after the se- cond crop of suckers are broke off, the Tobacco is npe «nough to «ut: before cutting, the stalk ought ..flW" in three or four mchcsoMhegrou^^. ^^^ ^^^^ ^^ better way than to p«6 <•"« J , .ticks, cures or '^£'^r':^ o' -- ^- ^ ''^"^^ '"'"" than ^%^en it is hung on P'^j's- .^ „, ht to be "'when the Tobacco ,sc"t^do«n,.t._^^ ^^^^^^ „oved as soon as P°f''';Xucl, withered, .1^7 UD for f the leaves get too nu».- ^ ,,g. :?; Ipt to stick tog«hr;-d^°";to mn'nase «hen fore t^ieycan dry; the best way t ^^^^^^^ j,^^ the Tobacco is ^''t'":"^'*?."'^"^; a man to take «tickf«ll is h""S "P^;^^> ^tu hand', and swing both ends of the ^^'f '\ („y,^r& quickly two the plants, ''ackward «"' ° ^^ ., \,„^ it up or three times, ^h"^" ™-^,^*^ /,.,t,, ,,>e leares, in the house; Senm'y^^^^^^^^^ P ^ ,„„„ ,„„ be- b«t when the Tobacco nas ,^p^5„„i„ ingcut, nothing wil «ff^<=t"a"> -Xvent the leaves U be lost. ^ The best way^oje-nt^ ^^^^ sticking together, is ''V "'" , „„ssible after it is Tobacco to the house as soon as p. s ^^^^.^^^ cut down, if by th.s. "J*- ^-^fz/industrious planter break off. never °""^^ f-.^ some small sticks ■will not lose them, but ha^e h im ^^ tnade round for th« P-P^f^/^P'^V./e sticks, where t?Z ;lkT;i';: and be or - ^ood a colour a, those on the stalk. , rr „ Of hanging the Tohacco up in the House. ^ The' sticks of Tobacco o..,htn^^^^ «,any plants on them "O^ be hm .o^^ ^^^ ^^^^^ getherin the house, ^or if they^re, ^^^^^^ •f so good a colour, and xs alse Iiauie xo n i«ii limp n.ii. jJJ! itk- ach nit 9 or our, 1 be inns hey itbe- vhen R the I take iwhig ' two it lip er hp- some leaves •y the er it i^ leaves )lanter sticks end of , where )lour a» fSC. ave to© lose to- lOt cure e house 7 burnt c»r to rot, particularly iP there comes a wet spell of weatlier while the Tobacco is drying, the stems are api to rot ar d fall off the stalks. Of stripping Tobacco. The Tobacco ought to be well cured or diied before it is split, for if there be any swelled stems tied up in the bundles, the head will be sure to rot, of course no Tobacco in that stale will be suitable for a foreign market. After the Tobacco is well dried, the sooner it is stri})t the better, for it has been observed by the best of judges, that every time Tobacco gets damp and dries again, it nol on- ly loses its colour but some of its weight also When the season comes, and the planter begins to strip his Tobacco, he ought to cull off all th» ground leaves that are not good, and all the top leaves that did not get ripe in the field, and are cured green : any leaves on the stalk that are house burnt or bruised, must be all taken off and tied up separat this is called second Tobacco, and must be nack; m separate hogsheads. All the good Tobact must be tied up and hulked by itself, and is calleu Crop Tobacco. Of Bulking Tobacco. The planter ought to be careful about bulking his Tobacco, for it rarely happens when a season is ended that the Tobacco is in order to bulk, gene- rally it is too damp ; if it be kneed down in a bulk m this state, it will be sure to rot w hen the warm weather comes in the spring. The best way when Tobacco is too damp, is, if the planter has plenty of house room, as soon as the Tobacco is stript, to put It on sticks and hang it up in the house, there let It stay until it jets completely dry. The planter r- * X _,.b. nire Tobacco must now wateh ,vho wants to ««'';. ■?!^*,*,''„ soon as the leaf gets it with the utw°«l"6'la"'^« " -her in the hand moist enough to bear pre»s.ng tog ^^.^^^^^ .^ without e^".""''''"?^,.*," VroVn down: in this state ought to be ■■n'n«e may tn ^^^^^ ^^ lay on his bundles «"»'! »'*. "'"^J^h ^\en the To- or 20 inches h'Sl^^^.^'^-^Krwill soon get bacco is very damp, these winar ^^^^ dry through, ''"^ o"Sht ""'.^X -robacco%villnot circumstances will perm, as Ui^e^ ^^^.^^ .^ ^^^^ .^ condition, or get "s «"«« _i„nter has house room these rows, as soon »« the plantei nas ^^ sufficient and a damp 'Pf" f Jfand'ct the To- ought to throw out his wind rows and get .^ ^^^ tre.^r mknClt ---- as^I hav^e above directed. 0/ t/ifi Casfcs to put Tobacco m. »ugh.ttobe made wans . .^^j^^^ aite^^truid, th'e staves and headrnj watch jf gets le haTid ittle, it is state le bulk, s way, f or the ! really [•obacco lecessa- lirected, he may vs, that vilh the lap over atinue to about 18 the To- soon get iger than will not it lays in use room omes, he t the To- up in the ave above Tobacco t one inch hes across d heading ought to be well seasoned. No nails ^"g^^ ^o go thi ouKh the hoops into the cask, for when ihe i o- bacco is nspected all the hoops on one head must be tXn oft^ The hoops ought to be ^-^^^^27. touch wood, I believe young white oak, or wma ash make the best. One rail with three wooden Pins to a hoop is sufficient, the wood for the pins Tustb' tough, make them one fourth of an inch Iniiare nd to be drove into a hole, one fourth of rfnch in diameter, they.ough^ ^o f through the hooD three eighths of an inch, and to be beat df»wn asyC would^n iron rivet. The pin ought to be left three eighths of an inch long outside of the hoop nnd^ciog somewhat larger on the outside end,^t never L draw out. The head ought to be^;ell secured, with what we call lining, this is a withe of some tough ^^ood, about o, inch m diameter, made flat on two sides, ^o be bent aU round the top of the head, and to be ^t^^^S^yi^^^^^^^^^ to the ends of the staves and head hoop. >?etore the pUter begins packing, he ought to secure the I'ott'om head^of hfs hogshead ^y driving a n-l through the withe into every stav« all round . these naUs ought to go through the hoop and be clenched ruhe^oWide-'Thereisnooccas^^^^^^^^^^^ ticular with the top head, a nail through the wima into every third or fourth stave will do, for when ? i's fnspected, the head aad toj) hoops are all tak- en off, but when the Tobacco is ^.^Pf ^^^^^'.^^^'^S to be the inspector's duty to see that ^^e top heaa is secured the same way that I have duected th* planter to proceed with the bottom head. Of packing Tobacco. This iH a nice job, or rather the preparing the 10 Tobacco to pack, for on this depends the grower'! character, of being a nice, or a slovenly planter.— If the planter has followed my directions about hulking, it is probable that he has plenty of To- bacco to pack, all in nice condition: for when large bulks are made in the order that I directed, if opened the last of May or first of June, the great- est part of them will be in good order to pack, hut if it should happen that his bulks are dried through, he must get his Tobacco in order as well as lie can : this is done various ways, by spreading it on the tobacco house floor, by hanging it up in the houte, in damp spells of weather, this is the best way, and by laying it.out on the dewy grass early in the morning, by all these methods Tobacco may be got in order to pack, but the planter must be very watchful that his Tobacco does not get too damp: the proper order for it to be in, is this, for the leaf to be in such order that it will bear to be pressed together in the hand without crumbling, and at the same tim^ the stem brittle, a bundle of such To- bacco, a man may take up in his han ', and turn the tail ends of the leaves upwards, the leaves will all stand up: Tobacco in this order, may be packed and sent to any part of the w^orld, it will never spoil. The manner of placing the Tobacco in the hogshead, must be left to every man*s own judg- ment, only this, when the planter is packing he ought to see that no crooked or crumpled leaves go into his hogshead, every leaf ought to lay straight. MISCELLANEOUS. I have said that t!i« Tobacco beds ought not to ha sown too thick, the planter had betier run the rrsk of them, f( and at 1 plant) c the san the ros« up in fl clear d on the alive, calcula weeks his To handii cart oi loadec they them ' CO wh if put Greer The \ not SI for tr leave have such hast he pi only ings does will tob( G00| 11 •ower'i inter." about of To- n large cted, if ! great- ck, hut irough, lie can : on the hou^e, it way, f in the nay be be very t damp: the leaf pressed A sd, the ich To- ld turn ves will packed J never > in the n judg- ling he d leaves to lav t not to run the hl9 beds too thin, and have mote of vhk ofh-Mng ms -«« Tuen oit of the .hick bed. them, for if a piani dc w ^ ^ ^^^^ ='?'' tl^ut TtL^rhintd. aTd^^nt'Ihem both at plant) ■^"tpfftheiendcr plant is very apt to die. the same '•""^ ;,^*^"ee.tainto live, and will grow the rose plant "'■«"^^,^^ '^ transplanted : the tirst up ni a short tiroe «•";' " '^ will kill all the leaves clear day that '^°'",^=' '^^^."^e ,oth ng but the bud °i! ''Vrnf wK eh dr uXce the-planter may ahve, from wnicu *-.',,.. ...u j,t (east three calculate, that one vv.U S-^* '^.J S""" th^t > weeks before the other, ^f ^ *'\%P7f e^.eful ia , U Tobacco do- '- -^,'^4;?^ t bTluhed ; the ^:r"ty o't^Wed the sa^e -ay that ^^^ ? ^1 ^ . f parried to the house on mens shoumers, loaded ; it cariieu lu tu^ j^„.^ pn^v not throw thev must lay their turns «iownea3>,noiu The planter when h^^o torn e^'vef aTe ^ uiiable not suppose that «",^'^;,^;,'*^7hore are very often for trash »' ^'"f "f J' i^^l; end of the stalk, that leaves -"f ^f, ^^'^^^''the g "und and are rotten, have lam a long time on uie f second Tobacco such must be th_r°wn away tor 1 e secon ^^^ ^^^^^ S^eJrdrSktngtlame^yasth^^^ i„ fhU there is no oceasion for the planiers uc ^SyTanSr with the see a as te good, U tThTat ft berife"dof„t:omoift.,itought /k II I' 12 different parts of a cask, I am fearful that I have not been perspicuous enough, in my directions about the lining of a hogshead head. Such of my rea- ders as have seen how the head of a hogshead of sugar is secured, will easily understand me, this lining is very necessary, it secures the head and keeps it in place, it saves the ends of the staves from the sailor's apparatus when the Tobacco is hoisted into his boat, and whoever considers the number of times that a hogshead of Tobacco has to be hoisted in and out of boats between this (Detroit River) and Montreal will not be surprised that I have been so particular about securing the head so well. When the planter is packing his To- bacco he ought to let his bundles go into the hogs- head with the leaves all spread out, as they came out of the bulk, this makes the Tobacco look very pretty when it is inspected, and is much admired ia the European Markets. Having given the planters all the information that is necessary, in the culture and management of their Tobacco, I hope they will put in practice the directions that I have given them in the prece- ding pages, for I can assure the planters here in Up- per Canada, that the method I have recommended ' to them is acted on with success, by the greatest planters in the States. I shall only add, that 1 hope to see the day, when large fields of Tobacco will be seen growing in eve- ry part of this fine country, and what will make it yet more agreeable to the philanthropist, will be this, he will know that no miserable gangs of slaves toiled in these fields, but that thev were cultivated ty the hands of Freemen. CHARLES C. MELVIN. Sandwich, December l,2(/i, 1827. Extracts »*Iha importe quality cannot price. handiec to cont ought t suitabh the p;ro on the accom the ma your fi attenti the col some I be hui fire to short that will ti factui forTi Britis 9d. p I her here, yery duce this ( aat I have ^ion& about )f my rea- Dgshead of d me, this 1 head and the staves robacco is isiders the )bacco has :ween this 5 surprised icuring the, inghis To- » the hogs- they came look very admired ia nformation anagement in practice the prece- lere in Up- ommended hie greatest day, when vingineve- ?ill make it fist, will be gsof slaves e cultivated [ELVIN. Extracts from Utters received from London, rela- tive to Canada Tobacco. 2.4th August 1827. -I have examined the 2 hogsheads of TobaccQ imported from Montreal in the ft. Charles, the qTialiy proves very ordinary, and this description Cannot be sold here for home consumption at any Z\ce The Tobacco must be well cured, neatly Kied, and not too hard prized into thehogshead: ?o contain the weight ^^f^he hogsheads the cask, ouehtto be at least one third l«r§^r, but the most suftable sized packages are those of about 450 fts. the gross tare and nit weight to be legibly marked on the end of each cask, and each shipment to be accompanied with a certificate of origin, specifying ihe marks and numbers of ine casks In ^vnting to Vour friends, I would recommend their particular Attention to stemming the following descriptions, the cXr to be light, the leaf light and dry, with some flavour, and\fter stemming the Tobacco to beTun^up to dry, and in case of any moisture a fire to be kept in the stemming house at night, m chort the great secret for the shippers to know is, that our"manufacturers, can only use Tobacco that will take an increase of 10 to 20 per cent mm anu- racuring. 1 could at all times obtain a high price for Toblcco of this description, imported from the British Colonies, as it is admitted on a duty of 2s. 9d. per ib while other descriptions pay 3s. per tb. I herewith send you samples of what we require here, and if the planters have not got Virgmia, or very good Kentucky seed, I fear they cannot pro- ducethe quality required for the consumption of this country. Tobacco equal to the sampU» will sfcll at 5^d to 6 pence per ft. tlie stalks which are taken from the Tobacco generally sell for about a dollar and a half per cwt. for Germany and Hol- land, and the loss in weight I consider about one lliird, and the expence of stemming about one dollar per 100 ibs. (Signed) J. MACKENZIE." " We are afraid it may be sometime before the ne- •essary precaution will be taken to make the growth •f U. Canada suitable for this market, but there cannot be a doubt, we are assured, by people who have seen the 2 Hhds. per St Charles, that the cli- mate and soil which produce such strength and «iuality, can with aid of skilful management, bring iiner qualities to perfection." 29th Sept. 1827. Yesterday we finished in company with a good judge, a broker well known to us, a careful examina- tion of the Tobacco received per Dew Drop. The ivhole is far too lightly prized into the casks which contain one third more than they ought to do, and theartijcle is materially injured, the leaf will hardly open, and gets pulled in pieces when the hands are Rieparated, and if any sap remained in the stem it is squeezed out, injures the colour of theleaf and frequently produces rot : we confirm all that has been already written in respect to stemming, curing, and packing, and now add that the soil in which the mark K was raised, will produce excellent To- bacco, when properly managed, and such as will suit this market well, but the present parcel is not sufficiently dry, too duU coloured, and the quality fi 5 which are for about a y and Hol- r about one at one dollar ENZIE." ifora the ne- the growth , but there People who that the cli- rength and ment, bring pt. 1827. rith a good Lilexamina- [)rop. The asks which to do, and will hardly hands are the item the leaf and all that has ing, curing, in which cellent To- ch as will reel is not he quality 15 various in the same cask. Cask L. G. G. was of pretty good colour G. M. M. was better, but part not quite cured, and J. G. n A. was d(;cidedly the best, in every respect, being originally of good quali- ty, well cured; the colour more near what is wanted, and if anything not quite so tightly prized, the butt ends are rather less bulky than those of the other hands; we have further to remark that several of the casks marked K were considerably damaged, one on- ly by sea water, every cask should be carefully exam- ined before shipment, to detect any country dam- age, as the first thing done on recejjpt here is t® turn the contents out of the cask to weigh, and if any damp or wet appears, the chopping knife is very smartly applied, the loss from this cause, in the present instance, will be serious. Cask, L. G. G. — G. M. M. and J. d G. were quite sound : we shall be able to write more particularly of the dif- ferent qualities after shewing the samples to the trade. 6th October 1827. In our last we gave you our report at full length, •n the Tobacco received per Dew Drop, as it ap- peared on opening, the samples have since been shewn to many in the trade, and the following is the report of the broker upon them. K. 9 casks, arc strong coarse tobacco, very moist and badly handled, they resemble such as we for- merly imported from New Orleans, and I suspect are from Kentucky seed, the land upon which these were produced, I am confident will yield fine good ttbacctf. 1 tf It! J f » "i 16 T. P. 7 casks, all of rery ordinary quality and damaged. D. P. S casks of the same quality as T. P. these 10 hogsheads are much inferior to the K. mark, and must have been the produce of inferior soil. - I. a Ct. a. N^. 19— part of this hhd. is rery good and had it been properly cured and stemmed would kave sold here at a good price. L. G. G. NO. 10— not quite so good as preceding hogshead. M. NO. 10 ) G. M. > very ordinary and part damaged. M. NO. nS HR. U Co. — part of this hhd. is very good for stemming, and part decayed for want of proper during. ' *• In short there is not a single hogshead in the parcel fit for home consumption, even 6 per cent would not compensate a manufacturer for the loss he would sustain from the bad condition of the Tobacco.'* ■ YORK : Printed by W. L. Mackenzie, at the Office of the Celoiual Advocate. Ittl. lity and P. these [. mark, ior soil. !ry good id would receding ged. 5ood for f proper d in the per cent the loss n of the c of the