."iu A/. IMAGE EVALUATION TEST TARGET (MT-3) /. ^/ /^ %^/ /"4. :>" ^^ y :/ 1.0 IriM IM 1= 11.25 2.2 M 111.6 — 6" PhnforrpQ-rJ-iio Sciences Corporation 23 WEST MAIN STREET WEBSTER, NY. 14580 (716) 872-4503 iV iV 4.^ <^ -4\^ Ifi w^ CIHM Microfiche Series (Monographs) ICMH Collection de microfiches (monographies) Canadian Institute for Historical Microreproductions / Institut Canadian de microreproductions historiq ues O \ OA Technical and Bibliographic Notes / Notes techniques et bibliographiques The to t The Institute has attempted to obtain the best original copy available for filming. Features of this copy which may be bibliographically unique, which may alter any of the images m the reproduction, or which may significantly change the usual method of filming, are checked below. n Coloured covers/ Couverture de couleur Covers damaged/ Couverture endommag^e Covers restored and/or laminated/ Couverture restauree et/ou pelliculee n Cover title Le titre de missing/ couverture manque □ n n D Coloured maps/ Caites geographiques en couleur Coloured ink (i.e. other than blue or black)/ Encre de couleur (i.e. autre que bleue ou noire) Coloured plates and/or illustrations/ Planches et/ou illustrations en couleur Bound with other material/ Relie avec d'autres documents Tight binding may cause shadows or distortion along interior margin/ La reliure serree peut causer de I'ombre ou de la distorsion le long de la marge interieure Blank leaves added during restoration may appear within the text. Whenever possible, these have been omitted from filming/ II se peut que certaines pages blanches ajout^es lors d'une restauration apparaissent dans le texte, mais, lorsque cela etait possible, ces pages n'ont pas ete filmees. Additional comments:/ Commentaires supplementaires: This Item is filmed at the reduction ratio checked below/ Ce document est filme au taux de reduction indique ci-dessous. lOX 14X Ifllf L'Institut a microfilme le meilleur exemplaire qu'il lui a ete possible de se procurer. Les details de cet exemplaire qui sont peut-etre uniques du point de vue bibliographique, qui peuvent modifier une image reproduite. ou qui peuvent exiger une modification dans la methode normale de f ilmage sont indiques ci-dessous. □ Coloi Pages Coloured pages/ de couleur □ Pages damaged/ Pages endommagees □ Pages re.>iored and/or laminated/ Pages restaurees et/ou pellicul^es Pages discoloured, stained or foxed/ Pages decolorees, tachetees ou piquees The pos oft fiirr Orij beg the sior oth firsi sior or il n Pages detached/ Pages detachees Showthrough/ Transparence □ Quality of print varies/ Qualite inegale de I'impressi pression □ Continuous pagination/ Pagination continue □ Includes ir Comprend The sha TIN whi Mai diffi enti beg righ reqi met index(es)/ Comprend un (des) index Title on header taken from:/ Le titre de I'en-tSte provient: □ Title page of issue/ Page de titre de la livraison □ Caption of issue/ Titre de depart de la li vraison □ Masth Gener Masthead/ ique (periodiques) de la livraison 26 X 30X J 12X 16X 20X 24 X 28X 32 X I'll et le vue ion Is The copy filmed here has been reproduced thanks to the generosity of: Izaak Walton Kitlam Memorial Library Das. of a l»arls ot ground j)easu, barley and r ]ioinid ot inercase in the live weight. increase of ;?.2:{U li>s. in mixture of t(|ual ye were required for everv 084 2 23 2 32 2 13 82i 600 -( 2 73 lOXPKIjrMKNTS tV KICKI.IN,; CKAIX, rXGUOlND, GKOUXD AM) WITH SKIM-MII.K. During the winter of 1801 2 experiments were begun to discover the effect of feeding swine upon a ration of grain only (unground and ground) as compared with a ration comitosed of grain and skim-milk. For the purpose, four j.cns of pigs were selected and sorted into lots as nearly alike as they could be obtained. In each of the four pens were put two pigs out of a Poland-China sow by an Improved Large Yorkshin. boar. With them were put threv grade pigs in each of the three first pens ; and in the fourth pen two pigs out of a Berkshire sow by an Improved Larirc Yorkshire I'oar, were put with the two cross bred Poland-China-by-Y^orksliire The 9 grade pigs which were juit in tlie first three pens with the (i crossbred Poland-China-by- Yorkshire pigs, were purchased outside. Their breeding was not known but tliev appeared to be grades of Chester White or Yorkshire blood. The p in the several pens, considered as lots, were as nearly as practicabio equal as to breeding, quality, age and size. T]w experiment began on January 4th and ended on May 2iid. Tlie fc.l consumed was weighed every day and the swine were wciglud once every week. The following Tables have been arranged to show the average results at four different times in the fattening period. Tablk II. Pen 1 contained .5 swine, as described above—;? grades and ■> cross bred PoIand-Chiiia-by- Yorkshire. They were fed upon a mixture of equal parts of peaHC, l)ark'y and rye, not ground, ami soaked in eold water for 48 hours. Live weight Increase in weight. Feed Consumed . . . Do. per lb. of increase in live weight Jan. 4. Fob. 1. ■ Feb. 29. Mur. 28. lbs. 346 lbs. 386 ■40 378 9-40 lbs. 502 116 490 4-13 lbs. 646 144 544 3-77 May 2. Totals. Ib9. lbs. 780 .... 134 434 538 1930 401 445 Taiu.k III. Pen 2 contained J swine similar to those in Pen 1. Tliey were fed upon a mixture of equal parts of pease, barley, and rye, uroxnd and soaked in eoid water for 12 hours. Jan. 4. Feb. 1. Feb. 29. ! Mar. 28. lbs. lbs. lbs. i lbs. ."-Ifi 4,30 f,80 741 84 151) Ifll 4G1 572 a57 Do. per lb. of increase in live weight 5-48 381 4 OS Live woiglit Inereiifo in weigiit Fcedconaumed May 2 lbs. %-, 124 576 4-64 Totals. lbs. 510 2,2») 4 26 Taim.k I V.- Pen ;{ eontained .5 swine similar to those in Pens 1 and 2. They were fed ui)on an allowance of the same mixture as those in Pen 2, (viz. : equal parts of pease, barley and rye, r/round and soaked in cold water for 12 hours), ])his all the ski'm-milk thev would drink. Live weight Increase in weight. „ , (Meal. Feed consumed. < + Jan. 4. lbs. 346 ^Milk. Do. per lb. of inerease (Meal, in live weight. ^Millc. Feb. 1. Feb. 29. lbs. lbs. 434 590 88 ■[■.i\ 230 286 1,081 2.078 2-61 183 12 28 13 32 Mil r. 28. 1 May 2. Totals. lbs. 768 178 432 2,649 2 42 14-88 lbs. 1,017 249 704 3,537 I 282 I I 14'20 671 1,652 9.345 2'4G 13-92 Totals. lbs. 434 1930 445 Totals. lbs. 519 2,20') 4 36 Ills. 671 1,652 9,345 2-46 1302 Tahi.k V. Pen 4 cowtaincd 4 swine, 2 cTo.s.sbred Poland-China-by-Yorkshlre and 2 crossbred Bcrkshire-by- Yorkshire. They were fed upon an allowance of the .same mixture as those in Pens 2 and ;?, (viz. : equal parts of pease, barley and rye, ffround and soaked 'for 12 hours), plus all the skim-milk they would drink. Live weight Iiioreiise in wciKlit. T, , (Meal, i'cca consumed. < + (Milk. Jan. 4, lbs. 306 Do. per lb. of increase (Meal, inlive weight. (Miik Feb. 1. lbs. 305 89 3.32 610 3-73 6-85 Feb. 29.: Mar. 28, lbs. 520 125 ,3.S5 481 307 3 84 675 ir>5 514 551 3-31 3-54 May 2. lbs. 842 167 626 9,38 3 74 a 61 T0TAI..S. lbs. 536 1,857 2,580 3-46 4-81 Co»cl>moNH,~Fvom these tests whieli continued seventeen weeks, it appears that : — (l.) 4-4.-) lb,s. of grain were consumed per lb. of increase in live weight, when it was fed niifp'oiaid and soaked for 48 liours ; (2.) 4 -.30 lbs. of grain were consumed per lb. of increase in live weight, when it was fed yround and soaked for 12 hours ; (3.) 1 lb. of grain was the equivalent of (] • 0.5 lbs. of skim-milk in increasing the live weiglit ; (4.) The swine, which ■ ,fe fed upon a ration containing skim- milk, were lustier and more r-obust in aj)pearance, than those which were fed upon grain only. EXPKRIMKNTS IN FEEDING FROZEN' WHEAT. The tirst test in this series was undertaken to discover, (1) what results could be obtained from the fattening of large-sized swine upon a ration of frozen wheat, and (2) how frozen wheat compared with a mixture of equal parts by weight of pease, barley and wheat lor increasing the live weight of the animals. Twelve graili' swi were not known. TJ; the test was jsc. II, s. eai-li. Tl Merc nearly even as to weight, (|uality an.l a|.i)ear ne were jinreliased ; their e average weight at the age and Itreeding eoniniencenieMt of ey M-ere sorted into ;) lots, whiel [inee. Tl le frozen wheat was procured from tin; branch Experimental Inarms at Brandon. Man., an.l In. Han Head, N.W.T. It wis graded "No. 2 frozen," -No. :; fm/.-n," an.l ■' m.marketablc/' Tabi.k VI. Pen 1 containe.1 4 swine. They were fe.l upon frozen wheat (/round aud soaked in cold water for 12 h.)ur,s. j Dec. 28. Jan. 25. ! lbs. I lbs. Liveweight 739 g^^ Incrcat^o in weight -[(^t^ Feed coiiauincd tqi Do.pcrlb.ofinoreaseiiilive weight } .V4a Feb. 22. M„r.l4 | Totals. lbs. lbs. ■ lbs. 960 lino i • • • t . . 122 131 361 650 505 1910 5-33 4-28 5-30 Taiu.k VII. Pen 2 contained 4 swine. They were fed upon frozen wheat, imgrouml and soaked for an average of 42 honrs. (Dnrin-r the first 2 weeks of the test, the wheat was soake.l for onlv !•> hour- ■ that may account for the unusually large .pianti;. cinsunuMl p..,' lb. of increase in weight). Deo. 28. I Jan. 25. lbs. ! lbs. Liveweight i 745 ^^4 - . i ■ Increase in we'ght | 39 Feed consnmcd j y,,- Do,per tb of increase in live weight I 17-87 Feb. 22. Mar. 14. Totals. lbs. 958 174 945 5 42 lbs. ! lbs. 1091 133 316 64(1 , 2282 4-81 j b-59 1(1 hrpedliijj; Ill'ClllCllt of lots, whic'li lieriiiuMital r. It was vrkotablc."" ZOIl wlioat .14 i Totals. 3, lbs. )0 1 361 o 1910 S 5 30 n wlieut, iriiig tlic 2 hour!- ; lined per t U. Totals. lbs. 346 2282 659 Tamm: VIII. I'ou ;i contaiiH-l ^ swine. 'Hwy were fe.l upon a inixtnre of equal parts by weight of wi>eat, barley an.l pease, >>n!,ro>o>J an.l Hoaked for an average of 4l' liours. Live weight Increase in wi'^lit Feed consumed ! Do.per tti.of increase in live weiglit ! Dec. 2S. Jan. 2-. Feb. 2i'. M,.r. 14. ' Totals. lbs. 747 lbs. I 816 • ! 60 073 • i 9 75 lbs. 147 6'30 'bs. 1114 151 1)3) 410 lbs. 367 2118 607 Conclus{o.>s,-Fn>m ti.eso tests with heavy swine, it appeals that : — ' ' (1.) When the frozen wheat was fed, r//-o////.? and soaked for 1-^ hours 11. .3 lbs. of increase in the live weight were obtained per bushel of wheat ; (2.) When the frozen wheat was fed >,n,,ro>n,,.,ro>,H.K it should be soaked for at least 42 hours ; (4.; I^eaving out of the reckoning, the M-eeks during which the frozen wheat luujroxnJ, and the mixture of wheat, barFev and pea^e iimirouml were soaked for only 12 hours, 5-24 lbs. of frozen wheat were consumed per lb. increase, and 5-22 lbs. of the mixture of >yheat, barley and i)ease were consumed per lb. of increase in the live weight. The second test in this series was made with vounger and and smaller swine to discover, (I) the quantity of frozen wheat consumed per lb. of increase in live weight, and (2) the quantity of skim-milk which would be the equivalent of a pound of fvozen wheat in increasing the live weight of the swine. 10 'aki.i; IX. IVu V coMtaine.! :> swine bro.l at the Exporinu-ntal Farm : tl.ev -- out .. a Polan,!- hi„a s... ,. an Lnpnnea La..,e Yo.-Ush^; '•■■• Jlu^y W..V kMl upon frozen wla-at ,/ro.;.^ and soakcl lor 1- l.ours i)„nnK tl.c last :i u-.oks of tl,. test, thev were fo.l „pou t'-''-vost,p,al,tyof frozen wheat only, wind, l,as l.een .Jled "nnniarketal)lo."' Fo\l. Fob. -I. I M,.r. 128. Ma,-. 2. ' Mny 30. Tolals. Live wcisrht. , Inoreiipc in wcifbt . Feed (•(Hisiiijiu.I lb.<. .'J/0 ''." ,. 1"T II), uf in- eronse iii live weigbt lbs. lbs. •170 AM ]i)4 120 "ffio 508 3 44 4(0 lbs. lbs. lbs. 724 i 827 ; 10.3 t 1 12,1 521 .551 m i 2,204 4 27 5-03 1 i 4 23 T.\ni.KX. Pen Vr fontaine,] 4 swine l.n.I at tl.,. E.vperiniontal they were out of a .rade 15erksl,ire sow l.v an In.prove, i ..rksimv hoar. Th.^y were fe.l npon an aiiowiinee of frozen er bushel of wheat per (2.) In the feeding of swine from an average weight of (!1 lbs. eaeh, until they reached an average weiglit of 145 lbs. each, 15-46 lbs. of increase in the live weight were obtained, per bushel of wheat ; (:i.) 1 lb. of frozen wheat was the equivalent of 7-lU lbs. of skini-uiilk in increasitig t!ie live weiglit; (4.) The swine which were fed upon a ration containing skim- nulk were lustier and more robr u appearance, than those which were fed upon grain only. The swine from Pens \" and VI were slaughtered ; and the hams, sides and shoulders were cured in pickle by an Ottawa pork-dealer and ham-curer. The baron and hams were pronounced excellent in (piality, by many who examined them ami afterwards j.urehased them for their own tables. The parts of one side, from a pig of the lot which were fattened upon frozen Mlieat exclusively, were sent for opinion t ) Wm. Davies, Es.p, of The Wm. Davies Co., Limited, Toronto, who have one of the largest and best k lowii establishments for the curing of swine jiroducts in Canada. The following is the sum of the verdict of .Mr. Davies upon its (pnility. "It is excellent, rather too salt but very rich and luscious. I consider it superior to hogs fed on ])eas alone. The complaint re- garding pea-fed bacon in England, is that the lean is hard and this is the case to some extent with the fat also. It would be well if farmers in Canada woiUd mix the grain and grind it, then give it to the hogs with whey, butter-milk or skim-milk."' r.KNKIJAT, ItKMAKKS. Ill those jiarfs of Canada, where a less or greater (piantitv of wheat may be injured by frost or other climatic conditions^ the farmers should fortify their positions by providing means wliereby f 12 to market in the best way, this product which cannot be sold at paying pnces :n the fonn of grain. From 9-1 lbs. to 15 46 lb o increase u. ,he hve weight of swino have been obtained per bu he of frozen wheat consumed. * ^^ When swine are fetching 5 cents per lb. live wei^^ht with an alowance of five per cent, deducted for shrinkage^ the^l n wheat, fed under the ieast favourable of ordinary conditions n a" reahze 4.i cents per bushel. At the same price for swbe he frozen wheat, fed under favourable conditions in the ,ualitva„d age of the sw:ne and the preparation of the feed, n.ay re 1 '7; 5 cents per bushel. ^ aii/.t r.j +j The conditions required for the profitable feeding of swine are ; clean, dry warm quarters protected from wind and drau^^hts (2) as much wholeson.e feed-if grain preferably .round fine-a; they will eat clean, three times a day, and (3) free acces to I mixture of salt and ashes, to sods, or to soil. To meet the requirements of foreign markets, swine with lean meat are wanted ; larger numbers of them should be fed and fat- tened during the summer months ; and they should be sold alive by the farmer or feeder in order that they may be slaughtered al packing hoi.es, where the carcasses can be cut and c^re.l in a uniformly satisfactory manner, suited to the preferences of different f I "*Mu.' \ ^ \ /