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 FROM: THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE OF POLITICS, SCIENCE, 
 ART AND LITERATURE, VOL.V;TORONTO: 1895. 
 
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M\Ur[NS lAIl.M, SK\U MllliHIS. \1 A M I'dllA. 
 
 OUR WESTERN HERITAGE. 
 
 I'.Y <il<i. II. HAM. 
 
 I 
 
 ^E\V ('aniidiiuis reali/c thr eiionnous 
 exti'nt,the vnrieW iv.scjiiicH'saiul tlif 
 illimitalilo possibilities of their Xortli- 
 W'oat That a laci< of knowlcMlne of, 
 and inturu.st in that n';j,ioii .■ihouid ht- 
 shown by foreii^nors i.s only natmal 
 and rcasonablo, liut that ( anailians 
 theniselvL's, wlio have bcon niadi' lieirs 
 of half a continent, should lamentably 
 fail in tin; fullest appreciation f)f its 
 worth is not only a pity, but a shame. 
 It shall be the aim of this article to 
 point out the marvellous fertility and 
 boundless resources of the Canadian 
 North-West, and liow all too imper- 
 fectly we aie making use of it. 
 
 There is now being reaped — and be- 
 fce this will appear in print, there 
 will be to a considerable extent 
 threshed — in Manitoba and the Terri- 
 tories, perhaps the greatest harvest 
 that has ever been grown by so few 
 
 jK'ople in theworM before. It is esti- 
 mated that iu .Manitolia there are 
 2r),()(»() fjii'Miers, many of whom com- 
 menced life in this western land with- 
 out capital a comparatively few years 
 ai;(), and some of them without that 
 Unowledge or experience of farmini;' 
 which is, es])ecially under the condi- 
 tions of the Province, a callin;;- in 
 which both skill and intelligence are 
 re(|uired. And yet these 25,00(1 
 farmei's ha\ c pi-oduce(l this year, ac- 
 cording to the (Jovernment bulletin 
 for August, 2!),l:{f»,.Sir) bushels of 
 wheat, :il,.S.S7,41(i bushels of oats, 
 .'),.j07,;r. bushels of barley, and of 
 Hax 1,240,0:^0 liusliels, making, with 
 the r3'e and peas, a grand total of 
 .')7,sr)l,()21 bushels of grain. This is 
 an average of something over 2,.'>00 
 bushels for each farmer. And this 
 great crop has been proiluced without 
 
 I 
 
I 
 
 OUR WESTERN HERITAGE. 
 
 561 
 
 the expenditme of a dollar for arti- 
 Hcial manure's, and with a veiy small 
 outlay fur wages, as the Manitoba 
 farmers generally have done their own 
 seediny; and breaking;. The wauen of 
 an exti'a farm hand for about tive 
 tliousand of the farmers duvinn' the 
 two months of stackinfjand threshinir 
 abont represents the wages outlay for 
 this enormous crop. The greater 
 number of the rest of the farmers did 
 their own work with the aid of tlieir 
 families, ami by "exchanging" with 
 their neighbors. 
 
 In addition to the production of 
 grain there has been a magniticent 
 root crop — potatoes, turni))s, cabbage, 
 beets, onioi\s, and garden vegetables 
 of all kinds: and while the bulletin 
 does not report the i>robable yield of 
 
 These figures show the product of 
 Manitoba oidy, but, Viosides, there are 
 five rich Territories, embryo provinces, 
 all of which are included in the gen- 
 eral term "The Xorth-West." 
 
 The average yields of grain in Mani- 
 toba this year, according to this bulle- 
 tin, will be of wheat 2."). .5 bushels; 
 oats, 4.5.3 bushels; barley, :5r).,S bush- 
 els : peas, 2.") bushels : tlax, 1 .') bushels : 
 rye, 22 bushels. But the harvest re- 
 ports from all parts of the province 
 indicate a nmch higher jdeld of every- 
 thing than does the bulletin, the coin- 
 [)ilers of which took the miiiiiiunii 
 reports, in every case, of their (iOO cor- 
 respondents, and allowed for a con- 
 siderable shrinkage which later events 
 go to show has not taken place. The 
 average yield of wheat per a'^re over 
 
 :'oni- 
 
 r' 
 
 ^•ith- 
 
 
 •ears 
 
 
 that 
 
 
 ning 
 
 
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 are 
 
 
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 this 
 
 
 hout 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 . ATTI.r. VAKl.S, WINMI'LC, •-'.OlMt IN Y.\KI> AT A TIMK. 
 
 these important products, it nnist a series of years in the principal 
 amount to nearly 10,000,000 bushels, wheat growing countries is about as 
 
 and this can be safely said that for 
 tlie production of roots of every 
 variety Manitoba is enually as well 
 suited as it is for cereals. 
 
 follows: CJreat Britain, 25 bushels; 
 France, 17; Germany, 22: United 
 States, U : Russia, 12 : India, S to 1 2 : 
 Argentina, 8 to ; Spain, 12 : Austro- 
 
$62 
 
 THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE. 
 
 Hungary, 11 to 12; Roumania, 1 8. 
 In Great Britain, and practically in 
 France and Germany, wheat is grown 
 on land for which an annual rental is 
 paid greater than the amount for 
 which a purchase outright could be 
 made in Manitoba, and then it has to 
 be heavily fertilized to secure the pro- 
 duction of the high yields not uncom- 
 mon in those countries. Even then 
 the quality is greatly inferior to 
 the No. 1, Hard, of our western 
 land. 
 
 But wheat, while still King, is not 
 
 and mike as succulent joints and 
 juicy steaks as the stall-fed beef of 
 Ontario, Quebec and the East. There 
 is a great future for this country as a 
 beef producer if proper advantage be 
 taken of the conditions. 
 
 Here, too, is almost an ideal place 
 for dairying, as the rich grasses l)ring 
 an enormous flow of milk in the sum- 
 mer while the abundance of hay and 
 cheap coarse grain makes it possible 
 to keep up the supply well through 
 the winter. During the last two years 
 Manitoba has sjjrung into px'ominence 
 
 A WirKAT KIEI.I) AT SI. .IKAN, .MAMTUllA. 
 
 the only source of western prosperity. 
 The cactle shipments arc looming up 
 magnificently. The Canadiai: Pacific 
 Railway Company has orders for cars 
 for the shipment of 10,000 head since 
 the first week in July, the greater 
 portion of which are for direct ship- 
 ment to England, and this branch of 
 industry is second only in importance 
 to wheat growing itself. The grasses 
 of the broad western prairies possess 
 that nutrition required to bring ani- 
 mal life to its highest development,, 
 and these cattle are as fat and sleek 
 
 as an exporter of dairy products, and 
 there appears to be no limit to its 
 capacity in this important branch of 
 agriculture. There are now nineteen 
 creameries in operation with a tlaily 
 output in the summer months of S,.*}()0 
 pounds of butter ; and besides these 
 are all the private dairies. The indi- 
 cations are that this number will be 
 doubled next year and the output of 
 those already in operation consider- 
 ably increased. The number of cheese 
 factories operating this year is 43, 
 and the daily product is about 2:i,00O 
 
OUR WESTERN HERITAGE. 
 
 pounds, with the assured prospect of 
 a large expansion another year. 
 
 A good deal of attetition, too, is 
 being devoted to hog raising, and in 
 some parts of the province fanners 
 have from fifty to one hundred hogs 
 fattening for the fall markets. With 
 such an abundance of oats and barley, 
 hogs can be fattened very cheaply' 
 and the only wonder is that the far- 
 mers have not sooner awakened to 
 the benefits of this branch on an ex- 
 tensive scale. 
 
 5'53 
 
 siiiall fruits, wild as wull as cultivated, 
 it IS the housewife's paradise. 
 
 That tilt" country has its di-awbacks 
 no one wdl duny. Xu new country is 
 without them. 
 
 But it has fewer tlian, perhaps, many 
 an older settled region. The coldness 
 of the winters is more than compen- 
 sated by their healthfulness, and in 
 the bright, sunshiny days of summer 
 when their rigors are forgotten, manv 
 a Manitoltan will asseverate that with 
 the Snow King comes the not least 
 
 Hi:Al'IS(i ((AlB — SOKNE NK.Mt \VINNn'K(i. 
 
 S'leep do remarkal)ly well in any 
 {)art of the country in which they 
 ha\e been kept in anything like a 
 proper way. 
 
 There is no product in the north 
 temperate zone, in fact, that will not 
 grow or thrive in Manitoba, and in 
 greater abundance and of a better 
 quality than perhaps in any other part 
 of the world. Tomatoes will not 
 ripen in Great Britain, and yet the 
 people of Manitoba have been eating 
 this luscious fruit or vegetable — which 
 ever it may be — from their own gar- 
 dens since the 20th of August. In 
 
 delightful part of the year. But al- 
 lowing for all its present and pro- 
 spective drawl )acks, it is uncjuestion- 
 ably the fine; i region on earth which 
 is not now thickly settled, and offers 
 greater chances to the average man, to 
 make with the minimum of labor a 
 comfortable home for himself, than 
 any other country is now doing. 
 
 One great advantage this land pos- 
 sesses over the Nortli-western States 
 of the Union as a settlement region, 
 is that the pioneering has been done. 
 The railroads are built, and every sec- 
 tion of the country can boast of its 
 
56| 
 
 THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE. 
 
 STAt KIN<:— SCKNE NKAK MOKHKN, M\NIT011A. 
 
 schools, churches, post-ortict's, aiul tlie battle with the Iiuliau for their lives, 
 
 other adjuncts of civilization. The and it was in niany cases years before 
 
 settlers in the Western States had to there was any market at all for their 
 
 precede the iron horse, and often to surplus j)roducts. In view of the 
 
 w^f^biS0i^^i0^' ■■,-.^_ 
 
 *rmT?»^^. 
 
 ' k.'-- 
 
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 ' ..*v'.-' 
 
 KALI, WHEAl— A IIKI.D Kt MII.KS KKuM \MSMI'K(i. 
 
r 
 
 UR I VE S TERN HE RITA GE 
 
 565 
 
 wonilorriil pro<j;ress of tin; States of space of tiuio not beyond ilic lutiiiDry 
 Iowa, Minnesota and tlie Ddvotas, it of living- men, there has (rrowii \i|) on 
 seems too much to ehiini that ourwes- tliis very spot the most wonderfid eity 
 tern domain is tlieir superior : hut of any a;;-e, with a ])opuhiti<>ii of over 
 there is <;ood reason for (hjiiijj; so. a million and a half, and hein^r the 
 ('onsi(h'r the unpiecedenteil i^rowth of local ])oint and centre of !)(),()()() miles 
 tliose States, and yet twenty years ajfo of railway, and the }j;reattst distri- 
 an American statesnian on the floor of l)utinn- point for food products in the 
 Con<iresR (piestioned tlie ahility of the world. It is no unwarranted state- 
 whole State of Minnesota to ]iroduce ment, but one made after careful study 
 enou<;h in ten years to fee<l a grass- and travel, that in the Canadian 
 hopper, and such was the ]n'evalent North-West there is a country capa- 
 iirnorance reoardinj;' that State that ble of maintaininj;' just as dense a 
 his statement was not discredited liy populatitai, producin;^' j\ist as many 
 
 ■niUl>lllNi; WIIK.AT IS SdlTllKKN M AN IIOl.A. I'S l',l-^ll KI.S I'KK ACKK. 
 
 many. Today, Minnesota boasts of a 
 population of nearly one-and-a-half 
 millions, ami its averajre wheat yield 
 is lari.jei- than that of any other coun- 
 try I'xcept Manitoba and the North- 
 West Territories. Seventy years a^-o, 
 an otlicer of the Tnited States army 
 reported to Washington that Fort 
 Dearborn should be abandoned, for the 
 reason that the surroundin<,' country 
 was of sucli a cluiracter tliat it would 
 be impossible for it ever to support a 
 population larj>e enough to Justify its 
 maintenance, and yet in the short 
 
 bushels of grain, and as much live 
 stock as were raised last year in the 
 large area tributary to Chicago, and 
 from which she drew the trade neces- 
 sary to make her one of the richest 
 and most progressive cities in the 
 world. Let any one travel over the 
 ground and view the expanse of pi-airie 
 and plain in the Canadian North- 
 West, compare its soil with that of 
 the Western States, and the practical 
 immunity from the droughts, insect 
 pests, and cyclones, from which unfor- 
 tunatelv our cousins across the line 
 
r 
 
 $66 
 
 THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE. 
 
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 are sufferers, aiul, ii'ore decisive tlian in everything that goes to nijii<e a 
 
 all, the supi-etne test of averajjc yield threat agricultural country, the ( aiia- 
 
 of the principal crops in both coun- dian North-West is e(|Ual if uotmpe- 
 
 tries over a sei'ies of years, and the rior to the best of them, 
 fact is established Ijeyond doubt that Reference has already been incideut- 
 
 harvesti.no nkar mordex. 
 
OUR WESTERN HER fJ ACE. 
 
 ully iniulo totliu cliinaU' of this ni!i(,'iii- 
 tict'iit rL'<,non, and on this (|UL'sti()ii the 
 ffrcatt'st iiiisapin'ohensiuii uxi.sts. Tho 
 iiiiprussion j)n!vails amoiio'st many that 
 tho winters ai'o ahnost uncmhirahlo. 
 But this is raliacious. .lack Frost, it 
 is true, is no weakliiifr in this jioith- 
 lantl, lint ho is witliout terror to tlio 
 warmly chid and coml'ortalily housed ; 
 and owino' to tho (hynoss of the at- 
 mosphere, tlie low markin^i's of the 
 thennometor, whicli make Hastern 
 readers shudder and siiivor, Jiro sadly 
 nnsleadin;,^ A Western " thirty ho- 
 
 i^'7 
 
 quahty is, and \\.- smihc is tiue .,1' 
 
 men. The north. tu lacvs have I n 
 
 the coiHiUerino' races, jiiid hav.- oiv.'U 
 the world nearly all it has of ..vny. 
 thiufr that ilistin^niishes civilization 
 from liarhariiuiisni. Thciv can lie no 
 doubt hut that theiv will uiow up ii, 
 the fertile valleys of th,- H, ,1, Assini- 
 boine, and Saskatchewan vailrys a 
 superior civilization. The settln.s will 
 bo of the noitheiii races An-ln- 
 Sa.xon, (lei-nian, and ScandinavTan. 
 With a land incomparable in its rich- 
 ness and fertility, with free institutions, 
 
 I! 
 
 A .\iAiTNtii;.\ ii().\n;sTEAi). 
 
 low" i.s scarcely e(|ual to a zero day 
 in the more humid East. The sum- 
 mer days are waiin, but the nights 
 ai'e cool and t'efreshiny. How dif- 
 ferent it is with tho intense heat 
 of Ar;;ontina, Australasia, Africa, or 
 even some of the Western States, 
 wiiich no artitieial means will <;,uard 
 against, and who'e hot winds, laden 
 with miasma and fever, carry oft' 
 annually thousands of tlu'ir poople.and 
 sap the constitution of the living. It 
 is an estalilishod fact that the further 
 north grain will grow, the better the 
 
 wise laws justly administered, with 
 educational facilities from which no 
 children are barred — here, too, will rise 
 a (ireater IJritain — a worthy oft- 
 spring of the grand old Motherlaml 
 across the sea. The only lack is 
 population, and the statesman who 
 solves the ))roblem of peopling these 
 untenanted lands from the congested 
 districts of the East will have done his 
 country inestimable service. Let any- 
 one consider for a moment what a 
 tremendous imi)etus would be given 
 the trade of Canada, if instead of there 
 
 I 
 
$68 
 
 THE CANADIAN MAGAZINE. 
 
 m 
 
 I 
 
 -9 
 
 bi'ini^ in .Miuiitobn 2o,0(H> laniurspro- 
 ilueiiif? ()0,()00,0()(> Imshfls of grain, 
 and a correHponding amount of other 
 products, then; were -JOO.OOO farmers 
 producin<;4,S0 OOO.OOO bushels of grain, 
 and Sl()(),0()(),()()() worth of nie..c and 
 thiiry i)ro(hicts. How many tliousand 
 more operatives would l)e rei|uired in 
 the factories of the East ! Then no cry 
 would go up from Canailian cities that 
 there was lack of employment for 
 their working jieople, foi'the demands 
 of this great wealth-producing army 
 would keep busy every forge, spin- 
 dle and loom. There are ditHcuities 
 in the way of securing suital.ie innni- 
 g)'aiits, but because the problem is a 
 hard one is no reason why it should 
 be left unsolved. Confe<leration itself 
 
 was a ditHcult problem. The biiildin|^ 
 of the Canadian I'acitic Railway was 
 nOi; unattended with great discourage- 
 iients and enormous sacrifices on tl)e 
 part of th(( Canadian people, and sure- 
 ly when Canadians have made these 
 sacrifices to lay the fouiulation of a 
 great nation, they will not falter and 
 shrink in rearing t.ie .superstructure 
 because it is attended with ditliculties. 
 Upon the ])eo})lingof the North-West, 
 in a largt' measure, depends the ])ros- 
 perity of the whole J)ominion, and 
 upon our public men rests a grave re- 
 sponsibility in till- inauguration t)f a 
 policy which will early bring about 
 that glorious I'csult which cveiy patri- 
 otic Canadian desires. 
 
 Hrivntford, ( )nt 
 
 " HOW SHALL I \V(M>,'" 
 
 A SONii. 
 
 H<i\\ sliall I won my lady, 
 
 I low slijill 1 daru confess 
 Till' truth of tlio love 1 l>eai- lier, 
 
 'i'lio ]io\ver o- my hoait's distress. 
 \\ oidd I miylit win lier favor 
 
 W itii jewels of matcliles.s make, 
 < >r cover my head witli Ljlory, 
 
 (ih)ry for her dear .sake. 
 
 How shall I woo my lady, 
 
 How shall I gain her yraee : 
 .V smile from her lijis I eovet, 
 
 .\ beam from her sunlit face ; 
 Would she 1)iit (inly bid me 
 
 Some (hiriii),' deed to try. 
 I'd do it, if fortune favored, 
 
 Do it, or tjladly die. 
 
 Kyes into mine are ga/,'ng 
 
 J'',yes of tile softest hue, 
 SJeflectinu my heart s fond |iassion, 
 
 They elialleni^e my courage too — 
 Foil ily 1 clasji her to me. 
 
 And hear sweet words divine, 
 That whis])er the love I'm yearning 
 
 Is mine, already mine. 
 
 — ilASTIN(;s WKtll.V